广州版7年级英语下册语法 U7祈使句和感叹句

广州初一英语七下U7专题学案祈使句和感叹句一．祈使句英语中的祈使句是是指用于表达命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等的句子，祈使句最常用于表达命令，因此在学校文法中也常称为命令句。

祈使句因对象（即主语）是第二人称，所以通常都省略。

祈使句的动词都为一般现在时，句末则使用句号来表示结束。

祈使句无主语, 主语you常省去，动词原形谓语当，句首加don't否定变肯定，朗读应当用降调，句末常标感叹号。

肯定结构: 1. Do型(即:动词原形(+宾语)+其它成分)。

如:Please have a seat here. 请这边坐。

有的祈使句在意思明确的情况下,动词可省略。

如:This way, please. = Go this way, please. 请这边走。

2. Be型(即:Be + 表语(名词或形容词)+其它成分)。

如:Be a good boy! 要做一个好孩子!3. Let型(即:Let + 宾语+ 动词原形+ 其它成分)。

否定结构: 1. Do型和Be型的否定句都是在句首加Don’t构成。

如：Don’t forget me！Don’t be late next time！2. Let型的否定式有两种:“Don't + let + 宾语+ 动词原形+ 其它成分”和“Let + 宾语+ not + 动词原形+ 其它成分”。

如：Don’t let him go！Let him go！3. 有些可以用no开头用来表示禁止性的祈使句。

如：No smoking！No fishing！祈使句的反意疑问句无论陈述句是肯定还是否定，附加疑问句都用will you？即学即练：Ⅰ. 根据汉语意思完成下列英语句子，每空一词。

1. 这边请！_____ _____, please!2. 我来帮你吧。

____ ____ help you.3. 我们休息一下吧。

_____ _____ a rest.4. 让她走吧。

_____ _____ leave.5. 要永远记住那个可怕的日子。

_____ _____that terrible day.6. 务必告诉他这个消息_____ _____ him the news!Ⅱ. 单项选择( ) 7. _____ this kind of peach, and you will like it.A. To tryB. TryingC. TryD. Tried( ) 8. _____the radio, please. The baby is sleeping now.A. Not turn onB. Don’t turn onC. Not turn downD. Don’t turn down( ) 9. —Please bring your homework to school tomorrow, Steven.—OK, I _____.A. willB. won’tC. doD. d on’t( ) 10. —Peter, don’t step on the grass.—______.A. It doesn’t matterB. I can’t do itC. Don’t worryD. Sorry, I won’t do it agai n. 单项选择：( ) 1. when mum was young, she_____ a teacher in a high school.A. worked asB. works asC. will work asD. is working as ( ) 2. _____ there many American friends in the school last Friday?A. IsB. WasC. AreD. Were( ) 3. She would like ____ ．A．some breads B．any porridgeC．to drink some tea D．three glasses of orange juices ( ) 4. -How many children ____ in the picture?-Three.A. has thereB. is thereC. have thereD. are there ( ) 5. In 1850, about a third of U. S. A___ covered by forests.A. wereB. has beenC. /D. was( ) 6. Most of our earth____ covered by water.A.areB. isC. wasD. were( ) 7. Mandy ____ a rest when she ____timeA. use to take, hasB. uses to take, hasC. used to take, hadD. used to took, had( ) 8. Neither___right.A. answers areB. answers aren'tC. answer isD. answer isn't ( ) 9．The population of the world ____ still ____ now.A. has; grownB. will; growC. is; growingD. is grown( ) 10．Let's ____ the lost books．A．to go and find B．to go and to findC．go and find D．go and go find( ) 12. —Let’s go out and enjoy the sunshine.—¬______. It’s boring to stay at home.A. Sounds greatB. Not at allC. Forget itD. No way( ) 13. —______ late for school again, Tim!—Sorry, I promise that I ______.A. Don’t; won’tB. Don’t be; won’tC. Don’t be; don’tD. Don’t; will( ) 14. Boys and girls, ______ up your hands if you want to go for a picnicthis weekend.A. puttingB. to putC. putD. puts中考链接：近三年中考未涉及到祈使句。

二．感叹句感叹句是表示喜、怒、哀、乐等情感的句子。

感叹句一般用how或what开头。

1. what 引导的感叹句结构有：（1）What + a/an +形容词+可数名词单数+其他！What a great artist he is！他是个多么伟大的艺术家！（2）What + 形容词+ 可数名词复数+ 其他！What interesting books you bought us! 你给我们买的书真有趣（3）What + 形容词+ 不可数名词+ 其他！What fine weather it is！所么晴朗的天气啊！2. how 引导的感叹句结构有：（1）How + 形容词+ 主语+ 谓语！How beautiful the flowers are！这些花是多么美丽呀！（2）How + 副词+ 主语+ 谓语！How heavily it is raining！雨下得多大啊！3. how 和what 都用来引导感叹句，它们有什么区别呢？how在这里是一个副词，用来修饰形容词和副词；而what是用来修饰名词，所以即使是同样的句子，how和what引导的句子结构是不一样的。

例如：（1）多美丽的玫瑰花呀！How beautiful the rose is！What a beautiful rose it is！（2）多么晴朗的天气呀！How sunny the weather is！What sunny weather it is！（3）这些学生是多么的聪明呀！How clever the students are！What clever students they are!4. 有时，我们也使用感叹句的省略形式。

如：What a pity！多么令人遗憾啊！How fast！真快呀！How high！真高啊！即学即练：1. These flowers are very beautiful. (改为感叹句)_______ _______ these flowers are!2. The little boy is very clever. (改为感叹句)_______ _______ the little boy is!3. It’s a funny story. (改为感叹句)_______ _______ _______ story it is!4. She is a good girl ! (改为同义句)_______ _______ _______ girl she is!5. How delicious the food is! (改为同义句)_______ _______ food it is!6. They are running fast. (改为感叹句)_______ _______ they are running!7. Her sister is a very lovely girl. (改为感叹句)_______ _______ lovely girl her sister is!_______ _______ her sister is!8. I have read a very interesting book. (改为感叹句)_______ _______ _______ book I have read!9. Your dictionary is very useful. (改为感叹句)_______ _______ your dictionary is!10. The children are singing and dancing happily. (改为感叹句)_______ _______ the children are singing and dancing!三、巩固提升( ) 1. The TV is too loud. Please________.A. turn it downB. to turn it downC. turn down itD. to turn down it( ) 2. _______ late again, Bill!A. Don't to beB. Don't beC. Not beD. Be not( ) 3._______cross the road until the traffic lights turn green.A. NotB. Won'tC. Doesn'tD. Don't( ) 4. Please help me carry it, ______?A. will IB. will youC. shall ID. shall we( ) 5. Don't make so much noise, ______?A. will youB. won't youC. shall weD. do you ( ) 6. Do you know the girl ______under the tree?A. standB. to standC. standingD. stood7. Kate, _______ your homework here tomorrow.A. bringB. bringsC. to bringD. bringing8. 好新的电脑呀！_______ _______ new computer it is!9.看! 多么漂亮的花呀！Look! ______nice flowers they are!10. 好厌烦的电影啊！_______ boring the film is!11. 多么聪明的男孩啊！_______ ______clever boy he is!12. 你的衣服好漂亮呀！_________beautiful your clothes are!13.好刺激的NBA球赛呀！_________exciting the NBA games are!14. 多么有趣的一本书啊！_______ ______interesting book it is!15. 你妹妹的微笑好甜美呀！_______sweet your sister’s smile is!16.他们工作得好努力呀！________hard they work!四．课后拓展单项选择：( ) 1. when mum was young, she_____ a teacher in a high school.A. worked asB. works asC. will work asD. is working as( ) 2._____ there many American friends in the school last Friday?A. IsB. WasC. AreD. Were( ) 3. She would like ____ ．A．some breads B．any porridgeC．to drink some tea D．three glasses of orange juices( ) 4. -How many children ____ in the picture? -Three.A. has thereB. is thereC. have thereD. are there( ) 5. In 1850, about a third of U. S. A___ covered by forests.A. wereB. has beenC. /D. was( ) 6. Most of our earth____ covered by water.A．are B. is C. was D. were( ) 7. Mandy ____ a rest when she ____timeA. use to take, hasB. uses to take, hasC. used to take, hadD. used to took, had( ) 8. Neither___right.A．answers are B. answers aren't C. answer is D. answer isn't( ) 9. The population of the world ____ still ____ now.A．has; grown B. will; grow C. is; growing D. is grown( ) 10. Let's ____ the lost books．A．to go and find B．to go and to find C．go and find D．go and go find 语法选择Last night around ten o’clock, when I was asleep, I suddenly heard 1 noise in the street. I2 the window and saw some smoke3 from the building on the corner. It was4 fire. Two fire engines were there. I ran and told my parents. We decided5 and help.Outside, everything happened very fast. People rant out of the building. Children cried loudly. A group of firemen tried to 6 the fire with water. Two more fire engines drove down the street 7 they could. Cars 8 them go past. Some people were still inside the building. They stood at windows and called for help. A few threw their favourite things out of the windows. The police shouted 9 them to stop because it was dangerous. More firemen ran into the building and carried people out. Several doctors and nurses worked hard to help the injured.After twenty minutes, the fire was put out. Two rooms were damaged and many 10 were full of water, but no one was seriously hurt.（）1. A. a lot B. a lots of C. lots of D. lot of（）2. A. look out of B. look out C. looked out of D. looked out（）3. A. comes B. came C. to come D. coming（）4. A. in B. on C. to D. at（）5. A. to go B. going C. go D. going to（）6. A. put up B. put away C. put on D. put out（）7. A. as fast as B. as faster as C. as fastly as D. so fast as（）8. A. stopped let B. stopped letting C. stopped to let D. stopped to letting ( ) 9. A. in B. at C. on D. for( ) 10. A. the other B. the others C. others D. another 完形填空Now machines are 1used all over the world. Why are machines so important and necessary(必要的) 2us? Because they can 3us do things faster and 4.A washing machine helps us to wash clothes. A printing machine(印刷机) helps us to print a lot of books，newspapers，magazine and many 5things 6. Bicycles，cars，trains and planes are all machines. They help us to travel faster than 7foot.The computer is a wonderful machine. It 8not long ago. It 9stores information but also computes numbers millions of times as 10as a scientist does.Let's study hard and try to use all kinds of machines to build China into a modern country.( ) 1. A. wider B. more wide C. widely D. wide( ) 2. A. with B. of C. on D. for( ) 3. A. be helped B. help C. helping D. to help( ) 4. A. better B. well C. best D. good( ) 5. A. others B. the other C. other D. another( ) 6. A. faster B. quickly C. slowly D. quick( ) 7. A. on B. by C. in D. with( ) 8. A. invents B. is invented C. was invented D. invented( ) 9. A. not at all B. not only C. both D. either( ) 10. A. quick B. fastest C. faster D. fast阅读理解AIn Britain the weather never gets too hot or too cold. There is not a great difference between summer and winter. Why is this?Britain has a warm winter and a cool summer because it is an island(岛) country. In winter the sea is warmer than the land. The winds from the sea bring warm air to Britain. In summer the sea is cooler than the land. The winds from the sea bring cool air to Britain.The winds from the west blow over Britain all the year. They blow from the southwest across the Atlantic Ocean. They are wet winds. They bring rain to Britain all the year. Britain has a lot of rain all theyear. The west of Britain is wetter than the east. The winds must blow across the high land in the west. The east of Britain is drier than the west.( ) 1. What’s the weather like in Britain?__________.A．It’s either too hot or too cold B．It’s both too hot an d too coldC．It’s neither too ho t nor too cold D．We don’t know( ) 2. When do the winds bring cool air to Britain?_________A．In spring B．In summer C．In autumn D．In winter( ) 3. Why is the weather in summer and in winter almost the same?____________A．There is no difference between summer and winter in Britain.B．There is sea around this countryC．There are winds from the high land.D．There is much rain in the Atlantic Ocean( ) 4. Which of the following is right?___________A There is more rain in the east than in the westB There is as much rain in the west as in the eastC There is less rain in the east than in the westD There isn’t so much rain in the west as in the east( ) 5. The passage tells us________________A. the seasons in BritainB. the rain in BritainC. the weather in BritainD. the winds in Britain.BI was a reporter on the staff of an evening paper in London. One day I was asked to write a few articles on begging in London. It was then that all my adventures started. I decided that the best way of collecting facts for my articles was that I would become a beggar myself for just one day. When I was an actor, of course, I had learned all the skills of make-up(化妆) and I now made good use of them. I painted my face like a real beggar. Then I went to beg in one of the busiest streets and no one recognized me.Well, you can imagine how hard it was to sit down to work hard on the newspaper at two pounds a week, when I know that I could earn as much as that in a single day as a beggar! I gave up my job, though my pride was hurt. I had unusual advantages. My knowledge of make-up helped me a great deal and my clever answers quickly made me almost a public character. All day and every day as a beggar, the money poured into my cap. I usually received at least two pounds in a day. In the end I was able to buy a large house in the country, and later to marry. Nobody had any ideas where my money really came from. My dear wife knew that I had business in London: that was all.( ) 6. At first the writer wanted to be a beggar _______.A. to earn more moneyB. as a part-time jobC. to collect facts for his articles on beggingD. to experience life as a beggar( ) 7. He went to beg in one of the busiest streets and no one recognized him because _______.A. he didn't meet other staff member of the evening paperB. he had knowledge and good skills of make-upC. there were so many people in the streetsD. there were so many beggars in the streets( ) 8. That day he got _______.A. just a few capsB. more than a poundC. less than a poundD. nothing ( ) 9. He gave up his job as a reporter because _______.A. his pride was hurtB. he couldn't write those articlesC. he wanted to use his knowledge of make-upD. he could earn more money( ) 10. What made him almost a public character?A. His knowledge of make-up.B. Earning a lot of money every day.C. His clever answers.D. Buying a large house in the country.CHundreds of years ago, life was harder than it is today. People didn’t have modern machines. There was no modern medicine, either.Life today has brought new problems. One of the biggest is pollution. Water pollution has made our rivers and lakes dirty. It kills our fish and pollutes our drinking water. Noise pollution makes us talk louder and become angry more easily. Air pollution is the most serious kind of pollution to all living things in the world.Cars, planes and factories all pollute our air every day. Sometimes the polluted air is so thick that it is like a quilt (被状物) over a city. This kind of quilt is called smog.Many countries are making rules to fight pollution. Factories must now clean their water before it is thrown away, and they mustn’t let dirty smoke go into the air.We need to do many other things. We can put waste things in the dustbin and do not throw them on the ground. We can go to work by bus or in the same car with our friends. If there are fewer people driving, there will be less pollution. Rules are not enough. Every person must help to fight pollution. ( ) 11 .Hundreds of years ago, life was much harder than it is today because _______.A. there were no modern machinesB. there was no modern medicineC. both A and BD. there were not many people( ) 12. ______ is the biggest problem in today’s life.A. Water pollutionB. Air pollutionC. Noise pollutionD. Pollution( ) 13.The most serious kind of pollution is ________.A. noise pollutionB. air pollutionC. water pollutionD. A, B and C( ) 14. .Factories must clean their water ________.A. before they are thrown awayB. when they are thrown awayC. after it is thrown awayD. before it is thrown away( ) 15. .From the passage, we know that _______.A. a few years ago, there was no smog at allB. today people don’t have to talk to each other loudlyC. we can drink water from the polluted rivers and lakesD .people are making rules in order to fight pollution参考答案即学即练：祈使句：1. This way 2. Let me 3. Let’s have 4. Let her 5. Please remember6. Please tell 7-14 CBADDBCC感叹句：1. How beautiful 2. How clever 3. What a funny 4. What a good5. What delicious6. How fast7. What a ；How lovely8. What an interesting 9. How useful 10. How happily巩固提升：1-5ABDBA 6-7 CA8. What a 9. What 10. How 11. What a 12. What a13. How 14. What an 15. How 16. How课后拓展：单选：1-5 ADCDD 6-10 BCCCC语法选择：1-5 CCDBA 6-10 DACBC完形填空：1-5 CDBAC 6-10 BACBD阅读理解：1-5 CBBCC 6-10 CBBDC 11-15 CDBDD。