Actors Restricted or unrestricted complexity
2024年新概念英语NCE3_lesson45(共25页)课件
• confine sb.to
• --I confine myself to two cigarettes a day.
• --The boy is confined to the dark room.
• --The boy is restricted to the dark room. • 3 abuse [ə'bju:z] v.滥用 • --Don’t abuse your authority.不要乱用职权。 • --We shouldn’t abuse our rights.不要乱用
from countless anxieties. • countable: can be counted • uncountable • numberless 无数的，没有房号的 • --This is a numberless room.
• 6 South Dakota南达科他(美国州名) 7 perpetual [pə‘petjuəl] adj.
8 quintuplet [‘kwintjuplit] n. 五胞胎之一 9 obscurity [əb‘skjuriti] n.默默无闻 n.默默无闻
• In obscurity • obscure adj.不起眼的
• --The bus stopped at a obscure bus stop. 10 radically ['rædikəli] adv.彻底地，完全地
Lesson45 The power of the press 新闻报道的威力
• The rise to fame was swift
• Look at the picture and answer the questions:
安徽省合肥一六八中学2024-2025学年高三上学期10月段考英语试卷
安徽省合肥一六八中学2024-2025学年高三上学期10月段考英语试卷一、阅读理解Pottery (陶艺) ClassesWheel Throwing Taster$89.00Get down and dirty with us. This is the class everyone thinks about when they hear pottery class,but we promise there won’t be an awkward moment in sight. This class is ideal for folks with zero experience who want to try the wheel to see if they like it before taking on a four-week class to learn the tricks.Nerikomi$130.00So you’ve worked with clay, but you’re looking to learn more techniques and you are curious about decoration and patterns in clay. Then this class is for you! This 2.5-hour class will guide you through the process of Nerikomi: a decorative technique established in Japan that involves stacking (堆叠) coloured clay and slicing through the cross section to reveal a pattern.Sculpt Your Own Pet$130.00Develop your pottery skills with resident artist Ginny Lagos in this two-and-a-half-hour session! You’ll be guided to sculpt your very own clay creature creation, to look just like your favourite animal. Just bring along some pictures of your pet. The more, the better and we’ll show you how to turn a blob of (一团) clay into your best animal friend.Kirinuki$130.00If you’ve dabbled (涉足) in clay, but you’d like to learn something unique, join us! Unlike most other techniques in clay, Kirinuki starts with a solid block of clay, which is then hollowed out (挖空), and carved. You’re left with containers that have a very strong connection to the earth that they originate from.1．Which class targets pottery beginners?A．Nerikomi.B．Kirinuki.C．Wheel Throwing Taster.D．Sculpt Your Own Pet.2．What will students learn in the Nerikomi class?A．A pottery decorating technique.B．A wheel throwing method.C．A pottery colouring way.D．A clay carving skill.3．Which activity will the Kirinuki class offer?A．Stacking coloured clay.B．Making a clay earth model.C．Creating animal clay figures.D．Sculpting containers from clay blocks.It is a story which began in 2009 in the remote valleys of Papua New Guinea’s (PNG) Huon Peninsula and is being heard around Caffe Vita’s stores in Seattle, Los Angeles and New York City, USA．Here,500g bags of this high-quality coffee are available for purchase, alongside freshly made cups for in-store enjoyment.The limited harvest is grown under native shade at elevations (海拔) ranging from 1200 to 1500 metres by farmers who have committed to conserving 180,000 acres (英亩) of land for the preservation of Matschie’s tree kangaroos. And according to Caffe Vita, it is the story behind the coffee as much as the quality of the product that attracts customers.Deforestation to make way for rice farming,combined with over-hunting, was threatening the only tree-living kangaroo. Thus in consultation with communities of Yopno, Uruwa, and Som (YUS), Woodland Park Zoo helped create PNG’s first conservation area.This was a significant achievement given that 95%of PNG land is owned by local people and the 15,000-strong population of the YUS region was geographically separated. Out of these strictures arose the opportunity to make use of existing skill sets in agriculture for communities to develop in harmony with national policy.Setting aside land to grow high value coffee was so appealing that some people walked for two days to participate in the consultation meetings.Karau Kuna from the Tree Kangaroo Conservation Program (TKCP) explained“in reality, all the planning was done by the people; we the facilitators just introduced the concept and provided the technical support” .But going beyond coffee growing was key to the project’s longevity. Community members also learned about processing and will eventually take on marketing the product to new and existing buyers. As with any new project there are challenges, but Lisa Dabek, Director of the TKCP, is confident. She explains“the coffee project continues to grow and strengthen despite the challenge of transport in this remote region.SOS (Save Our Species) funding has allowed us to provide further technical assistance for the coffee project while it is still at a critical stage” . 4．For what reason do the buyers purchase the PNG coffee?A．Its rarity.B．Its cheap price.C．Its convenience.D．Its ecological background.5．What does the underlined word“strictures”in Paragraph 4 mean?A．Advantages.B．Restrictions.C．Disagreements.D．Flexibilities. 6．What is local people’s attitude toward the coffee project?A．Unclear.B．Dismissive.C．Approving.D．Doubtful. 7．What can we infer about the coffee project from the last paragraph?A．It is in urgent need of funding.B．It is progressing despite difficulties.C．It has achieved the expected victory.D．It has improved local transportation.Picture this: you are running late to drop your kids off at school in the morning. On top of this, it is pouring rain outside. While you are driving down the highway, another car cuts you off. You begin to think they must be a rude person who is also a terrible driver. A couple of minutes later, you, yourself accidentally cut off someone. You inform yourself your action is a result of the fact that you are late for your child’s drop-off and you cannot see well because of the rain. Why is it that we automatically assume others’ negative actions are a result of who they are as a person while giving ourselves excuses? The actor-observer bias (偏差) is an explanation for this confusing phenomenon.When you explain someone’s behavior based on internal factors, like assuming the person who cuts you off is a rude person, but attributing (把……归因于) your own behavior to external situational factors, you are engaging in the actor-observer bias.So why does the actor-observer effect occur? The general explanation is that it occurs as a defense mechanism for maintaining high personal dignity. We would rather believe that our faults come from factors we cannot control because then we cannot change them and it is easier for us to accept the outcome.The actor-observer bias is the cause of many arguments between the actor and the observer as a result of a misunderstanding of the effect of external and internal factors. How can we stop thinking this way and become more sympathetic to the people around us? This is where it gets tricky because the observer’s internal attributions are an automatic process which means they occur almost immediately and unconsciously (无意识地).In order to become more sympathetic towards surrounding people in situations, we must make the attributions a controlled process. A controlled process is when the observer purposely focuses attention on something and is consciously aware of the process,unlike an automatic process. Knowing what the actor-observer effect is and how it can influence your own attributions is a good step toward becoming more sympathetic and kinder to people you interact with. 8．How would we define the other driver’s behavior in Paragraph 1?A．An emotional outburst.B．A display of bad manners.C．A moment of carelessness.D．An unavoidable circumstance.9．Why do we fall for the actor-observer bias?A．To safeguard our self-image.B．To avoid arguments with others.C．To promote sympathy towards others.D．To ensure fairness in interpersonal interactions.10．How might an observer be more considerate to an actor’s actions?A．By focusing on the situational factors.B．By making the attribution process automatic.C．By attributing these actions to internal factors.D．By imagining themselves in the same situations.11．What is the best title for the text?A．Why we repeat our mistakesB．How we can stop blaming othersC．What is the science of social justiceD．Why we always ignore our own faultsSolar power is helping bring about a future of cleaner energy, but there are limits to where rigid solar panels (刚性太阳能电池板)can go. A new kind of solar cell made with a mineral called perovskite (钙钛矿)can go almost anywhere, says physicist Olga Malinkiewicz. We can use perovskite cells on the surfaces of the building, on the roofs of the buildings, on the roofs of the cars and on the electronic devices. We can use it on the sails. We can use it in the balls, tents and unlimited applications. Malinkiewicz says perovskite has become a favorite among solar panel researchers. Because it can be printed, everyone can use it on every surface.Malinkiewicz developed a way to print perovskite panels like an inkjet printer. She co-founded a company to produce them, called Soleil Technologies, after the Baltic sun goddess. Construction company Skanska is testing the panels at their Warsaw headquarters. Adam Targowski is sustainable (可持续的)development manager for Skanska. They work perfectly, even when they are not well exposed to sunlight. So we can use them in all surfaces of the building. Soleil calculates that about one square meter of panel can supply a day’s worth of power for one worker’s computer and lights. And they keep getting better as research continues, says the company’s scientific director Konrad Wojciechowski.For other technologies, it took decades to really enter markets. Perovskite has been around only for few years in scientific research, so there is still a lot to be done, but potential is basically pretty much unlimited, I think. There are still durability and other problems to work out, but several companies expect to have perovskite panels on the market this year.12．What do we know about perovskite solar cell from the first paragraph?A．It’s delicate.B．It’s complex.C．It’s flexible.D．It’s expensive. 13．What does the underlined word “they” in the second paragraph refer to?A．Skanska and Adam Targowski.B．Malinkiewicz and Skanska.C．Soleil Technologies.D．Perovskite panels.14．What can we infer from the last paragraph?A．It needs years to put perovskite panels into markets.B．Scientists think perovskite panels are ready for markets.C．Perovskite has been studied for decades.D．Perovskite panels will soon be seen in the market.15．What is the main purpose of the passage?A．To explain how to use perovskite panels.B．To introduce perovskite panels.C．To advertise a new solar power cell.D．To propose scientists to further study perovskiet cells.Attitudes toward small talk can vary, but there are a few reasons why some people may dislike small talk.16 People who value deep connections may find small talk insufficient for building meaningful relationships. But it needn’t be. If the goal is to use small talk to deepen connections with others, consider the kind of information you are sharing. Communication research differentiates three levels of conversation: factual, personal, and relational.At the most superficial level of conversation, we share facts. We talk about things and their place in time and space, exchange news and facts, and report on our experiences factually and objectively (e.g., “It was warm outside today.” “I work as a computer analyst.”). Almost all these are factual information. 17The next is the personal level, where we talk about how we feel about the content at the informational level. (e.g., “I loved the warm weather today.” “ 18 ”). The personal level is defined by sharing emotions about something or someone beyond the current time and space. Sharing from the personal level invites the other person to connect with you at this deeper level.19 Think: What’s happening now? How am I feeling at this moment? How do you feel being here with me? When we bring our attention to the present moment, we often experience greater engagement and connection with others. 20 This brings our attention to the many aspects of our present-moment experience and lets another person into our inner world.You can get a sense of how the experience of intimate (亲密的) connection with another deepens as we move through the levels.A．I just came from London.B．I find my work rewarding.C．It has nothing to do with oversharing.D．It can be quite useful, but it lacks emotional content.E．Small talk is often seen as shallow and lacking depth.F．One way we can do this is to start sentences with “I notice...”.G．The relational level involves sharing in the present moment and space.二、完形填空When I was young, my family had one of the first telephones in our neighborhood. I used to listen with 21 when my mother talked to the old case 22 to the wall.Then I discovered that inside the wonderful 23 lived an amazing person — Information Please, who could 24 anybody’s number.My first personal 25 with this genie (精灵) -in-the-bottle came one day. Amusing myself at the tool bench, I hit my finger with a hammer. The pain was terrible, but there was no one home to give 26 . Suddenly I spotted the telephone. Quickly I ran for it and 27 the receiver. “Information Please!” I 28 . A voice spoke into my ear. “Information.” “I hurt my finger...” The tears came readily enough now that I had a(n) 29 .“Isn’t your mother home?” came the question. “Nobody’s home but me.”“Are you bleeding?” “No.” I replied.“Can you open your icebox?” she asked. I said I could. “Then 30 a little piece of ice and hold it to your finger.”After that I called her for everything. I asked her for help with my geography and math. She even 31 me that my pet chipmunk I had caught in the park liked eating fruits and nuts.As I grew into my teens, the memories of those childhood 32 never really left me; often in moments of 33 I would recall the sense of security I had then. I 34 how patient and 35 a stranger was to have spent her time on a little boy.21．A．respect B．sincerity C．fascination D．caution 22．A．driven B．pushed C．opened D．fixed 23．A．hole B．device C．home D．community 24．A．provide B．change C．delete D．guess 25．A．meeting B．experience C．interview D．cooperation 26．A．approval B．confidence C．comfort D．comment 27．A．pressed B．dialled C．replaced D．lifted 28．A．ordered B．cheered C．yelled D．declared 29．A．teacher B．audience C．partner D．assistant 30．A．heat up B．slip on C．put away D．chip off 31．A．informed B．showed C．warned D．inspired 32．A．conversations B．injuries C．pains D．dreams 33．A．glory B．kindness C．confusion D．anger 34．A．admitted B．appreciated C．wondered D．estimated 35．A．optimistic B．ambitious C．disciplined D．understanding三、语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
OSHA现场作业手册说明书
DIRECTIVE NUMBER: CPL 02-00-150 EFFECTIVE DATE: April 22, 2011 SUBJECT: Field Operations Manual (FOM)ABSTRACTPurpose: This instruction cancels and replaces OSHA Instruction CPL 02-00-148,Field Operations Manual (FOM), issued November 9, 2009, whichreplaced the September 26, 1994 Instruction that implemented the FieldInspection Reference Manual (FIRM). The FOM is a revision of OSHA’senforcement policies and procedures manual that provides the field officesa reference document for identifying the responsibilities associated withthe majority of their inspection duties. This Instruction also cancels OSHAInstruction FAP 01-00-003 Federal Agency Safety and Health Programs,May 17, 1996 and Chapter 13 of OSHA Instruction CPL 02-00-045,Revised Field Operations Manual, June 15, 1989.Scope: OSHA-wide.References: Title 29 Code of Federal Regulations §1903.6, Advance Notice ofInspections; 29 Code of Federal Regulations §1903.14, Policy RegardingEmployee Rescue Activities; 29 Code of Federal Regulations §1903.19,Abatement Verification; 29 Code of Federal Regulations §1904.39,Reporting Fatalities and Multiple Hospitalizations to OSHA; and Housingfor Agricultural Workers: Final Rule, Federal Register, March 4, 1980 (45FR 14180).Cancellations: OSHA Instruction CPL 02-00-148, Field Operations Manual, November9, 2009.OSHA Instruction FAP 01-00-003, Federal Agency Safety and HealthPrograms, May 17, 1996.Chapter 13 of OSHA Instruction CPL 02-00-045, Revised FieldOperations Manual, June 15, 1989.State Impact: Notice of Intent and Adoption required. See paragraph VI.Action Offices: National, Regional, and Area OfficesOriginating Office: Directorate of Enforcement Programs Contact: Directorate of Enforcement ProgramsOffice of General Industry Enforcement200 Constitution Avenue, NW, N3 119Washington, DC 20210202-693-1850By and Under the Authority ofDavid Michaels, PhD, MPHAssistant SecretaryExecutive SummaryThis instruction cancels and replaces OSHA Instruction CPL 02-00-148, Field Operations Manual (FOM), issued November 9, 2009. The one remaining part of the prior Field Operations Manual, the chapter on Disclosure, will be added at a later date. This Instruction also cancels OSHA Instruction FAP 01-00-003 Federal Agency Safety and Health Programs, May 17, 1996 and Chapter 13 of OSHA Instruction CPL 02-00-045, Revised Field Operations Manual, June 15, 1989. This Instruction constitutes OSHA’s general enforcement policies and procedures manual for use by the field offices in conducting inspections, issuing citations and proposing penalties.Significant Changes∙A new Table of Contents for the entire FOM is added.∙ A new References section for the entire FOM is added∙ A new Cancellations section for the entire FOM is added.∙Adds a Maritime Industry Sector to Section III of Chapter 10, Industry Sectors.∙Revises sections referring to the Enhanced Enforcement Program (EEP) replacing the information with the Severe Violator Enforcement Program (SVEP).∙Adds Chapter 13, Federal Agency Field Activities.∙Cancels OSHA Instruction FAP 01-00-003, Federal Agency Safety and Health Programs, May 17, 1996.DisclaimerThis manual is intended to provide instruction regarding some of the internal operations of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), and is solely for the benefit of the Government. No duties, rights, or benefits, substantive or procedural, are created or implied by this manual. The contents of this manual are not enforceable by any person or entity against the Department of Labor or the United States. Statements which reflect current Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission or court precedents do not necessarily indicate acquiescence with those precedents.Table of ContentsCHAPTER 1INTRODUCTIONI.PURPOSE. ........................................................................................................... 1-1 II.SCOPE. ................................................................................................................ 1-1 III.REFERENCES .................................................................................................... 1-1 IV.CANCELLATIONS............................................................................................. 1-8 V. ACTION INFORMATION ................................................................................. 1-8A.R ESPONSIBLE O FFICE.......................................................................................................................................... 1-8B.A CTION O FFICES. .................................................................................................................... 1-8C. I NFORMATION O FFICES............................................................................................................ 1-8 VI. STATE IMPACT. ................................................................................................ 1-8 VII.SIGNIFICANT CHANGES. ............................................................................... 1-9 VIII.BACKGROUND. ................................................................................................. 1-9 IX. DEFINITIONS AND TERMINOLOGY. ........................................................ 1-10A.T HE A CT................................................................................................................................................................. 1-10B. C OMPLIANCE S AFETY AND H EALTH O FFICER (CSHO). ...........................................................1-10B.H E/S HE AND H IS/H ERS ..................................................................................................................................... 1-10C.P ROFESSIONAL J UDGMENT............................................................................................................................... 1-10E. W ORKPLACE AND W ORKSITE ......................................................................................................................... 1-10CHAPTER 2PROGRAM PLANNINGI.INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................... 2-1 II.AREA OFFICE RESPONSIBILITIES. .............................................................. 2-1A.P ROVIDING A SSISTANCE TO S MALL E MPLOYERS. ...................................................................................... 2-1B.A REA O FFICE O UTREACH P ROGRAM. ............................................................................................................. 2-1C. R ESPONDING TO R EQUESTS FOR A SSISTANCE. ............................................................................................ 2-2 III. OSHA COOPERATIVE PROGRAMS OVERVIEW. ...................................... 2-2A.V OLUNTARY P ROTECTION P ROGRAM (VPP). ........................................................................... 2-2B.O NSITE C ONSULTATION P ROGRAM. ................................................................................................................ 2-2C.S TRATEGIC P ARTNERSHIPS................................................................................................................................. 2-3D.A LLIANCE P ROGRAM ........................................................................................................................................... 2-3 IV. ENFORCEMENT PROGRAM SCHEDULING. ................................................ 2-4A.G ENERAL ................................................................................................................................................................. 2-4B.I NSPECTION P RIORITY C RITERIA. ..................................................................................................................... 2-4C.E FFECT OF C ONTEST ............................................................................................................................................ 2-5D.E NFORCEMENT E XEMPTIONS AND L IMITATIONS. ....................................................................................... 2-6E.P REEMPTION BY A NOTHER F EDERAL A GENCY ........................................................................................... 2-6F.U NITED S TATES P OSTAL S ERVICE. .................................................................................................................. 2-7G.H OME-B ASED W ORKSITES. ................................................................................................................................ 2-8H.I NSPECTION/I NVESTIGATION T YPES. ............................................................................................................... 2-8 V.UNPROGRAMMED ACTIVITY – HAZARD EVALUATION AND INSPECTION SCHEDULING ............................................................................ 2-9 VI.PROGRAMMED INSPECTIONS. ................................................................... 2-10A.S ITE-S PECIFIC T ARGETING (SST) P ROGRAM. ............................................................................................. 2-10B.S CHEDULING FOR C ONSTRUCTION I NSPECTIONS. ..................................................................................... 2-10C.S CHEDULING FOR M ARITIME I NSPECTIONS. ............................................................................. 2-11D.S PECIAL E MPHASIS P ROGRAMS (SEP S). ................................................................................... 2-12E.N ATIONAL E MPHASIS P ROGRAMS (NEP S) ............................................................................... 2-13F.L OCAL E MPHASIS P ROGRAMS (LEP S) AND R EGIONAL E MPHASIS P ROGRAMS (REP S) ............ 2-13G.O THER S PECIAL P ROGRAMS. ............................................................................................................................ 2-13H.I NSPECTION S CHEDULING AND I NTERFACE WITH C OOPERATIVE P ROGRAM P ARTICIPANTS ....... 2-13CHAPTER 3INSPECTION PROCEDURESI.INSPECTION PREPARATION. .......................................................................... 3-1 II.INSPECTION PLANNING. .................................................................................. 3-1A.R EVIEW OF I NSPECTION H ISTORY .................................................................................................................... 3-1B.R EVIEW OF C OOPERATIVE P ROGRAM P ARTICIPATION .............................................................................. 3-1C.OSHA D ATA I NITIATIVE (ODI) D ATA R EVIEW .......................................................................................... 3-2D.S AFETY AND H EALTH I SSUES R ELATING TO CSHO S.................................................................. 3-2E.A DVANCE N OTICE. ................................................................................................................................................ 3-3F.P RE-I NSPECTION C OMPULSORY P ROCESS ...................................................................................................... 3-5G.P ERSONAL S ECURITY C LEARANCE. ................................................................................................................. 3-5H.E XPERT A SSISTANCE. ........................................................................................................................................... 3-5 III. INSPECTION SCOPE. ......................................................................................... 3-6A.C OMPREHENSIVE ................................................................................................................................................... 3-6B.P ARTIAL. ................................................................................................................................................................... 3-6 IV. CONDUCT OF INSPECTION .............................................................................. 3-6A.T IME OF I NSPECTION............................................................................................................................................. 3-6B.P RESENTING C REDENTIALS. ............................................................................................................................... 3-6C.R EFUSAL TO P ERMIT I NSPECTION AND I NTERFERENCE ............................................................................. 3-7D.E MPLOYEE P ARTICIPATION. ............................................................................................................................... 3-9E.R ELEASE FOR E NTRY ............................................................................................................................................ 3-9F.B ANKRUPT OR O UT OF B USINESS. .................................................................................................................... 3-9G.E MPLOYEE R ESPONSIBILITIES. ................................................................................................. 3-10H.S TRIKE OR L ABOR D ISPUTE ............................................................................................................................. 3-10I. V ARIANCES. .......................................................................................................................................................... 3-11 V. OPENING CONFERENCE. ................................................................................ 3-11A.G ENERAL ................................................................................................................................................................ 3-11B.R EVIEW OF A PPROPRIATION A CT E XEMPTIONS AND L IMITATION. ..................................................... 3-13C.R EVIEW S CREENING FOR P ROCESS S AFETY M ANAGEMENT (PSM) C OVERAGE............................. 3-13D.R EVIEW OF V OLUNTARY C OMPLIANCE P ROGRAMS. ................................................................................ 3-14E.D ISRUPTIVE C ONDUCT. ...................................................................................................................................... 3-15F.C LASSIFIED A REAS ............................................................................................................................................. 3-16VI. REVIEW OF RECORDS. ................................................................................... 3-16A.I NJURY AND I LLNESS R ECORDS...................................................................................................................... 3-16B.R ECORDING C RITERIA. ...................................................................................................................................... 3-18C. R ECORDKEEPING D EFICIENCIES. .................................................................................................................. 3-18 VII. WALKAROUND INSPECTION. ....................................................................... 3-19A.W ALKAROUND R EPRESENTATIVES ............................................................................................................... 3-19B.E VALUATION OF S AFETY AND H EALTH M ANAGEMENT S YSTEM. ....................................................... 3-20C.R ECORD A LL F ACTS P ERTINENT TO A V IOLATION. ................................................................................. 3-20D.T ESTIFYING IN H EARINGS ................................................................................................................................ 3-21E.T RADE S ECRETS. ................................................................................................................................................. 3-21F.C OLLECTING S AMPLES. ..................................................................................................................................... 3-22G.P HOTOGRAPHS AND V IDEOTAPES.................................................................................................................. 3-22H.V IOLATIONS OF O THER L AWS. ....................................................................................................................... 3-23I.I NTERVIEWS OF N ON-M ANAGERIAL E MPLOYEES .................................................................................... 3-23J.M ULTI-E MPLOYER W ORKSITES ..................................................................................................................... 3-27 K.A DMINISTRATIVE S UBPOENA.......................................................................................................................... 3-27 L.E MPLOYER A BATEMENT A SSISTANCE. ........................................................................................................ 3-27 VIII. CLOSING CONFERENCE. .............................................................................. 3-28A.P ARTICIPANTS. ..................................................................................................................................................... 3-28B.D ISCUSSION I TEMS. ............................................................................................................................................ 3-28C.A DVICE TO A TTENDEES .................................................................................................................................... 3-29D.P ENALTIES............................................................................................................................................................. 3-30E.F EASIBLE A DMINISTRATIVE, W ORK P RACTICE AND E NGINEERING C ONTROLS. ............................ 3-30F.R EDUCING E MPLOYEE E XPOSURE. ................................................................................................................ 3-32G.A BATEMENT V ERIFICATION. ........................................................................................................................... 3-32H.E MPLOYEE D ISCRIMINATION .......................................................................................................................... 3-33 IX. SPECIAL INSPECTION PROCEDURES. ...................................................... 3-33A.F OLLOW-UP AND M ONITORING I NSPECTIONS............................................................................................ 3-33B.C ONSTRUCTION I NSPECTIONS ......................................................................................................................... 3-34C. F EDERAL A GENCY I NSPECTIONS. ................................................................................................................. 3-35CHAPTER 4VIOLATIONSI. BASIS OF VIOLATIONS ..................................................................................... 4-1A.S TANDARDS AND R EGULATIONS. .................................................................................................................... 4-1B.E MPLOYEE E XPOSURE. ........................................................................................................................................ 4-3C.R EGULATORY R EQUIREMENTS. ........................................................................................................................ 4-6D.H AZARD C OMMUNICATION. .............................................................................................................................. 4-6E. E MPLOYER/E MPLOYEE R ESPONSIBILITIES ................................................................................................... 4-6 II. SERIOUS VIOLATIONS. .................................................................................... 4-8A.S ECTION 17(K). ......................................................................................................................... 4-8B.E STABLISHING S ERIOUS V IOLATIONS ............................................................................................................ 4-8C. F OUR S TEPS TO BE D OCUMENTED. ................................................................................................................... 4-8 III. GENERAL DUTY REQUIREMENTS ............................................................. 4-14A.E VALUATION OF G ENERAL D UTY R EQUIREMENTS ................................................................................. 4-14B.E LEMENTS OF A G ENERAL D UTY R EQUIREMENT V IOLATION.............................................................. 4-14C. U SE OF THE G ENERAL D UTY C LAUSE ........................................................................................................ 4-23D.L IMITATIONS OF U SE OF THE G ENERAL D UTY C LAUSE. ..............................................................E.C LASSIFICATION OF V IOLATIONS C ITED U NDER THE G ENERAL D UTY C LAUSE. ..................F. P ROCEDURES FOR I MPLEMENTATION OF S ECTION 5(A)(1) E NFORCEMENT ............................ 4-25 4-27 4-27IV.OTHER-THAN-SERIOUS VIOLATIONS ............................................... 4-28 V.WILLFUL VIOLATIONS. ......................................................................... 4-28A.I NTENTIONAL D ISREGARD V IOLATIONS. ..........................................................................................4-28B.P LAIN I NDIFFERENCE V IOLATIONS. ...................................................................................................4-29 VI. CRIMINAL/WILLFUL VIOLATIONS. ................................................... 4-30A.A REA D IRECTOR C OORDINATION ....................................................................................................... 4-31B.C RITERIA FOR I NVESTIGATING P OSSIBLE C RIMINAL/W ILLFUL V IOLATIONS ........................ 4-31C. W ILLFUL V IOLATIONS R ELATED TO A F ATALITY .......................................................................... 4-32 VII. REPEATED VIOLATIONS. ...................................................................... 4-32A.F EDERAL AND S TATE P LAN V IOLATIONS. ........................................................................................4-32B.I DENTICAL S TANDARDS. .......................................................................................................................4-32C.D IFFERENT S TANDARDS. .......................................................................................................................4-33D.O BTAINING I NSPECTION H ISTORY. .....................................................................................................4-33E.T IME L IMITATIONS..................................................................................................................................4-34F.R EPEATED V. F AILURE TO A BATE....................................................................................................... 4-34G. A REA D IRECTOR R ESPONSIBILITIES. .............................................................................. 4-35 VIII. DE MINIMIS CONDITIONS. ................................................................... 4-36A.C RITERIA ................................................................................................................................................... 4-36B.P ROFESSIONAL J UDGMENT. ..................................................................................................................4-37C. A REA D IRECTOR R ESPONSIBILITIES. .............................................................................. 4-37 IX. CITING IN THE ALTERNATIVE ............................................................ 4-37 X. COMBINING AND GROUPING VIOLATIONS. ................................... 4-37A.C OMBINING. ..............................................................................................................................................4-37B.G ROUPING. ................................................................................................................................................4-38C. W HEN N OT TO G ROUP OR C OMBINE. ................................................................................................4-38 XI. HEALTH STANDARD VIOLATIONS ....................................................... 4-39A.C ITATION OF V ENTILATION S TANDARDS ......................................................................................... 4-39B.V IOLATIONS OF THE N OISE S TANDARD. ...........................................................................................4-40 XII. VIOLATIONS OF THE RESPIRATORY PROTECTION STANDARD(§1910.134). ....................................................................................................... XIII. VIOLATIONS OF AIR CONTAMINANT STANDARDS (§1910.1000) ... 4-43 4-43A.R EQUIREMENTS UNDER THE STANDARD: .................................................................................................. 4-43B.C LASSIFICATION OF V IOLATIONS OF A IR C ONTAMINANT S TANDARDS. ......................................... 4-43 XIV. CITING IMPROPER PERSONAL HYGIENE PRACTICES. ................... 4-45A.I NGESTION H AZARDS. .................................................................................................................................... 4-45B.A BSORPTION H AZARDS. ................................................................................................................................ 4-46C.W IPE S AMPLING. ............................................................................................................................................. 4-46D.C ITATION P OLICY ............................................................................................................................................ 4-46 XV. BIOLOGICAL MONITORING. ...................................................................... 4-47CHAPTER 5CASE FILE PREPARATION AND DOCUMENTATIONI.INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................... 5-1 II.INSPECTION CONDUCTED, CITATIONS BEING ISSUED. .................... 5-1A.OSHA-1 ................................................................................................................................... 5-1B.OSHA-1A. ............................................................................................................................... 5-1C. OSHA-1B. ................................................................................................................................ 5-2 III.INSPECTION CONDUCTED BUT NO CITATIONS ISSUED .................... 5-5 IV.NO INSPECTION ............................................................................................... 5-5 V. HEALTH INSPECTIONS. ................................................................................. 5-6A.D OCUMENT P OTENTIAL E XPOSURE. ............................................................................................................... 5-6B.E MPLOYER’S O CCUPATIONAL S AFETY AND H EALTH S YSTEM. ............................................................. 5-6 VI. AFFIRMATIVE DEFENSES............................................................................. 5-8A.B URDEN OF P ROOF. .............................................................................................................................................. 5-8B.E XPLANATIONS. ..................................................................................................................................................... 5-8 VII. INTERVIEW STATEMENTS. ........................................................................ 5-10A.G ENERALLY. ......................................................................................................................................................... 5-10B.CSHO S SHALL OBTAIN WRITTEN STATEMENTS WHEN: .......................................................................... 5-10C.L ANGUAGE AND W ORDING OF S TATEMENT. ............................................................................................. 5-11D.R EFUSAL TO S IGN S TATEMENT ...................................................................................................................... 5-11E.V IDEO AND A UDIOTAPED S TATEMENTS. ..................................................................................................... 5-11F.A DMINISTRATIVE D EPOSITIONS. .............................................................................................5-11 VIII. PAPERWORK AND WRITTEN PROGRAM REQUIREMENTS. .......... 5-12 IX.GUIDELINES FOR CASE FILE DOCUMENTATION FOR USE WITH VIDEOTAPES AND AUDIOTAPES .............................................................. 5-12 X.CASE FILE ACTIVITY DIARY SHEET. ..................................................... 5-12 XI. CITATIONS. ..................................................................................................... 5-12A.S TATUTE OF L IMITATIONS. .............................................................................................................................. 5-13B.I SSUING C ITATIONS. ........................................................................................................................................... 5-13C.A MENDING/W ITHDRAWING C ITATIONS AND N OTIFICATION OF P ENALTIES. .................................. 5-13D.P ROCEDURES FOR A MENDING OR W ITHDRAWING C ITATIONS ............................................................ 5-14 XII. INSPECTION RECORDS. ............................................................................... 5-15A.G ENERALLY. ......................................................................................................................................................... 5-15B.R ELEASE OF I NSPECTION I NFORMATION ..................................................................................................... 5-15C. C LASSIFIED AND T RADE S ECRET I NFORMATION ...................................................................................... 5-16。
movies的英语作文
Movies have been a significant part of our culture and entertainment for over a century.They provide a unique blend of storytelling,visual effects,and sound that can transport us to different worlds and times.Heres a detailed look at the world of movies, exploring their history,impact,and the various genres they encompass.The History of MoviesThe birth of cinema can be traced back to the late19th century with the invention of the motion picture camera.The Lumière brothers in France are often credited with the first public screening of a motion picture in1895.Since then,the art of filmmaking has evolved dramatically,from silent films to talkies,and from black and white to color.The Impact of MoviesMovies have a profound impact on society.They can influence public opinion,shape cultural norms,and even inspire social change.For example,films like To Kill a Mockingbird and Schindlers List have had a lasting impact on how we perceive issues of racism and the Holocaust,respectively.Movie GenresThe diversity of movie genres caters to a wide range of tastes and preferences.Here are some of the most popular ones:1.Action Films These movies are characterized by fastpaced,thrilling sequences and often involve physical feats,car chases,and explosions.Examples include the Fast and Furious series and Mission:Impossible.edies Designed to make audiences laugh,comedies come in various forms,such as slapstick,romantic comedies,and dark comedies.Bridesmaids and The Hangover are popular examples.3.Dramas These films often deal with serious subjects and explore complex characters and their emotional journeys.The Shawshank Redemption and Forrest Gump are classic examples of dramas.4.Horror Films Aimed at evoking fear,horror movies often involve supernatural elements,monsters,or psychological terror.The Exorcist and Get Out are notable examples.5.Science Fiction These movies explore imaginative and futuristic concepts,often involving space travel,time travel,or advanced technology.Blade Runner and Interstellar are iconic science fiction films.6.Fantasy Fantasy films transport viewers to magical worlds and often involve mythical creatures and enchanting settings.The Lord of the Rings and Harry Potter series are beloved fantasy franchises.7.Documentaries These nonfiction films aim to document reality,often focusing on historical events,social issues,or personal stories.An Inconvenient Truth and The Act of Killing are influential documentaries.The Role of Technology in MoviesThe advancement of technology has revolutionized the movie industry.From the introduction of sound in the1920s to the advent of CGI and3D technology,each innovation has allowed filmmakers to push the boundaries of storytelling.The Future of MoviesAs technology continues to evolve,so does the movie industry.Virtual reality and augmented reality are beginning to make their mark,offering immersive experiences that could redefine what it means to watch a movie.In conclusion,movies are a powerful medium that can entertain,educate,and inspire. They are a reflection of our society and a window into the imaginations of filmmakers. As we continue to explore new technologies and storytelling techniques,the future of movies promises to be as exciting as its rich and storied past.。
3GPP TS 36.331 V13.2.0 (2016-06)
3GPP TS 36.331 V13.2.0 (2016-06)Technical Specification3rd Generation Partnership Project;Technical Specification Group Radio Access Network;Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA);Radio Resource Control (RRC);Protocol specification(Release 13)The present document has been developed within the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP TM) and may be further elaborated for the purposes of 3GPP. The present document has not been subject to any approval process by the 3GPP Organizational Partners and shall not be implemented.This Specification is provided for future development work within 3GPP only. The Organizational Partners accept no liability for any use of this Specification. Specifications and reports for implementation of the 3GPP TM system should be obtained via the 3GPP Organizational Partners' Publications Offices.KeywordsUMTS, radio3GPPPostal address3GPP support office address650 Route des Lucioles - Sophia AntipolisValbonne - FRANCETel.: +33 4 92 94 42 00 Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16InternetCopyright NotificationNo part may be reproduced except as authorized by written permission.The copyright and the foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media.© 2016, 3GPP Organizational Partners (ARIB, ATIS, CCSA, ETSI, TSDSI, TTA, TTC).All rights reserved.UMTS™ is a Trade Mark of ETSI registered for the benefit of its members3GPP™ is a Trade Mark of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members and of the 3GPP Organizational PartnersLTE™ is a Trade Mark of ETSI currently being registered for the benefit of its Members and of the 3GPP Organizational Partners GSM® and the GSM logo are registered and owned by the GSM AssociationBluetooth® is a Trade Mark of the Bluetooth SIG registered for the benefit of its membersContentsForeword (18)1Scope (19)2References (19)3Definitions, symbols and abbreviations (22)3.1Definitions (22)3.2Abbreviations (24)4General (27)4.1Introduction (27)4.2Architecture (28)4.2.1UE states and state transitions including inter RAT (28)4.2.2Signalling radio bearers (29)4.3Services (30)4.3.1Services provided to upper layers (30)4.3.2Services expected from lower layers (30)4.4Functions (30)5Procedures (32)5.1General (32)5.1.1Introduction (32)5.1.2General requirements (32)5.2System information (33)5.2.1Introduction (33)5.2.1.1General (33)5.2.1.2Scheduling (34)5.2.1.2a Scheduling for NB-IoT (34)5.2.1.3System information validity and notification of changes (35)5.2.1.4Indication of ETWS notification (36)5.2.1.5Indication of CMAS notification (37)5.2.1.6Notification of EAB parameters change (37)5.2.1.7Access Barring parameters change in NB-IoT (37)5.2.2System information acquisition (38)5.2.2.1General (38)5.2.2.2Initiation (38)5.2.2.3System information required by the UE (38)5.2.2.4System information acquisition by the UE (39)5.2.2.5Essential system information missing (42)5.2.2.6Actions upon reception of the MasterInformationBlock message (42)5.2.2.7Actions upon reception of the SystemInformationBlockType1 message (42)5.2.2.8Actions upon reception of SystemInformation messages (44)5.2.2.9Actions upon reception of SystemInformationBlockType2 (44)5.2.2.10Actions upon reception of SystemInformationBlockType3 (45)5.2.2.11Actions upon reception of SystemInformationBlockType4 (45)5.2.2.12Actions upon reception of SystemInformationBlockType5 (45)5.2.2.13Actions upon reception of SystemInformationBlockType6 (45)5.2.2.14Actions upon reception of SystemInformationBlockType7 (45)5.2.2.15Actions upon reception of SystemInformationBlockType8 (45)5.2.2.16Actions upon reception of SystemInformationBlockType9 (46)5.2.2.17Actions upon reception of SystemInformationBlockType10 (46)5.2.2.18Actions upon reception of SystemInformationBlockType11 (46)5.2.2.19Actions upon reception of SystemInformationBlockType12 (47)5.2.2.20Actions upon reception of SystemInformationBlockType13 (48)5.2.2.21Actions upon reception of SystemInformationBlockType14 (48)5.2.2.22Actions upon reception of SystemInformationBlockType15 (48)5.2.2.23Actions upon reception of SystemInformationBlockType16 (48)5.2.2.24Actions upon reception of SystemInformationBlockType17 (48)5.2.2.25Actions upon reception of SystemInformationBlockType18 (48)5.2.2.26Actions upon reception of SystemInformationBlockType19 (49)5.2.3Acquisition of an SI message (49)5.2.3a Acquisition of an SI message by BL UE or UE in CE or a NB-IoT UE (50)5.3Connection control (50)5.3.1Introduction (50)5.3.1.1RRC connection control (50)5.3.1.2Security (52)5.3.1.2a RN security (53)5.3.1.3Connected mode mobility (53)5.3.1.4Connection control in NB-IoT (54)5.3.2Paging (55)5.3.2.1General (55)5.3.2.2Initiation (55)5.3.2.3Reception of the Paging message by the UE (55)5.3.3RRC connection establishment (56)5.3.3.1General (56)5.3.3.1a Conditions for establishing RRC Connection for sidelink communication/ discovery (58)5.3.3.2Initiation (59)5.3.3.3Actions related to transmission of RRCConnectionRequest message (63)5.3.3.3a Actions related to transmission of RRCConnectionResumeRequest message (64)5.3.3.4Reception of the RRCConnectionSetup by the UE (64)5.3.3.4a Reception of the RRCConnectionResume by the UE (66)5.3.3.5Cell re-selection while T300, T302, T303, T305, T306, or T308 is running (68)5.3.3.6T300 expiry (68)5.3.3.7T302, T303, T305, T306, or T308 expiry or stop (69)5.3.3.8Reception of the RRCConnectionReject by the UE (70)5.3.3.9Abortion of RRC connection establishment (71)5.3.3.10Handling of SSAC related parameters (71)5.3.3.11Access barring check (72)5.3.3.12EAB check (73)5.3.3.13Access barring check for ACDC (73)5.3.3.14Access Barring check for NB-IoT (74)5.3.4Initial security activation (75)5.3.4.1General (75)5.3.4.2Initiation (76)5.3.4.3Reception of the SecurityModeCommand by the UE (76)5.3.5RRC connection reconfiguration (77)5.3.5.1General (77)5.3.5.2Initiation (77)5.3.5.3Reception of an RRCConnectionReconfiguration not including the mobilityControlInfo by theUE (77)5.3.5.4Reception of an RRCConnectionReconfiguration including the mobilityControlInfo by the UE(handover) (79)5.3.5.5Reconfiguration failure (83)5.3.5.6T304 expiry (handover failure) (83)5.3.5.7Void (84)5.3.5.7a T307 expiry (SCG change failure) (84)5.3.5.8Radio Configuration involving full configuration option (84)5.3.6Counter check (86)5.3.6.1General (86)5.3.6.2Initiation (86)5.3.6.3Reception of the CounterCheck message by the UE (86)5.3.7RRC connection re-establishment (87)5.3.7.1General (87)5.3.7.2Initiation (87)5.3.7.3Actions following cell selection while T311 is running (88)5.3.7.4Actions related to transmission of RRCConnectionReestablishmentRequest message (89)5.3.7.5Reception of the RRCConnectionReestablishment by the UE (89)5.3.7.6T311 expiry (91)5.3.7.7T301 expiry or selected cell no longer suitable (91)5.3.7.8Reception of RRCConnectionReestablishmentReject by the UE (91)5.3.8RRC connection release (92)5.3.8.1General (92)5.3.8.2Initiation (92)5.3.8.3Reception of the RRCConnectionRelease by the UE (92)5.3.8.4T320 expiry (93)5.3.9RRC connection release requested by upper layers (93)5.3.9.1General (93)5.3.9.2Initiation (93)5.3.10Radio resource configuration (93)5.3.10.0General (93)5.3.10.1SRB addition/ modification (94)5.3.10.2DRB release (95)5.3.10.3DRB addition/ modification (95)5.3.10.3a1DC specific DRB addition or reconfiguration (96)5.3.10.3a2LWA specific DRB addition or reconfiguration (98)5.3.10.3a3LWIP specific DRB addition or reconfiguration (98)5.3.10.3a SCell release (99)5.3.10.3b SCell addition/ modification (99)5.3.10.3c PSCell addition or modification (99)5.3.10.4MAC main reconfiguration (99)5.3.10.5Semi-persistent scheduling reconfiguration (100)5.3.10.6Physical channel reconfiguration (100)5.3.10.7Radio Link Failure Timers and Constants reconfiguration (101)5.3.10.8Time domain measurement resource restriction for serving cell (101)5.3.10.9Other configuration (102)5.3.10.10SCG reconfiguration (103)5.3.10.11SCG dedicated resource configuration (104)5.3.10.12Reconfiguration SCG or split DRB by drb-ToAddModList (105)5.3.10.13Neighbour cell information reconfiguration (105)5.3.10.14Void (105)5.3.10.15Sidelink dedicated configuration (105)5.3.10.16T370 expiry (106)5.3.11Radio link failure related actions (107)5.3.11.1Detection of physical layer problems in RRC_CONNECTED (107)5.3.11.2Recovery of physical layer problems (107)5.3.11.3Detection of radio link failure (107)5.3.12UE actions upon leaving RRC_CONNECTED (109)5.3.13UE actions upon PUCCH/ SRS release request (110)5.3.14Proximity indication (110)5.3.14.1General (110)5.3.14.2Initiation (111)5.3.14.3Actions related to transmission of ProximityIndication message (111)5.3.15Void (111)5.4Inter-RAT mobility (111)5.4.1Introduction (111)5.4.2Handover to E-UTRA (112)5.4.2.1General (112)5.4.2.2Initiation (112)5.4.2.3Reception of the RRCConnectionReconfiguration by the UE (112)5.4.2.4Reconfiguration failure (114)5.4.2.5T304 expiry (handover to E-UTRA failure) (114)5.4.3Mobility from E-UTRA (114)5.4.3.1General (114)5.4.3.2Initiation (115)5.4.3.3Reception of the MobilityFromEUTRACommand by the UE (115)5.4.3.4Successful completion of the mobility from E-UTRA (116)5.4.3.5Mobility from E-UTRA failure (117)5.4.4Handover from E-UTRA preparation request (CDMA2000) (117)5.4.4.1General (117)5.4.4.2Initiation (118)5.4.4.3Reception of the HandoverFromEUTRAPreparationRequest by the UE (118)5.4.5UL handover preparation transfer (CDMA2000) (118)5.4.5.1General (118)5.4.5.2Initiation (118)5.4.5.3Actions related to transmission of the ULHandoverPreparationTransfer message (119)5.4.5.4Failure to deliver the ULHandoverPreparationTransfer message (119)5.4.6Inter-RAT cell change order to E-UTRAN (119)5.4.6.1General (119)5.4.6.2Initiation (119)5.4.6.3UE fails to complete an inter-RAT cell change order (119)5.5Measurements (120)5.5.1Introduction (120)5.5.2Measurement configuration (121)5.5.2.1General (121)5.5.2.2Measurement identity removal (122)5.5.2.2a Measurement identity autonomous removal (122)5.5.2.3Measurement identity addition/ modification (123)5.5.2.4Measurement object removal (124)5.5.2.5Measurement object addition/ modification (124)5.5.2.6Reporting configuration removal (126)5.5.2.7Reporting configuration addition/ modification (127)5.5.2.8Quantity configuration (127)5.5.2.9Measurement gap configuration (127)5.5.2.10Discovery signals measurement timing configuration (128)5.5.2.11RSSI measurement timing configuration (128)5.5.3Performing measurements (128)5.5.3.1General (128)5.5.3.2Layer 3 filtering (131)5.5.4Measurement report triggering (131)5.5.4.1General (131)5.5.4.2Event A1 (Serving becomes better than threshold) (135)5.5.4.3Event A2 (Serving becomes worse than threshold) (136)5.5.4.4Event A3 (Neighbour becomes offset better than PCell/ PSCell) (136)5.5.4.5Event A4 (Neighbour becomes better than threshold) (137)5.5.4.6Event A5 (PCell/ PSCell becomes worse than threshold1 and neighbour becomes better thanthreshold2) (138)5.5.4.6a Event A6 (Neighbour becomes offset better than SCell) (139)5.5.4.7Event B1 (Inter RAT neighbour becomes better than threshold) (139)5.5.4.8Event B2 (PCell becomes worse than threshold1 and inter RAT neighbour becomes better thanthreshold2) (140)5.5.4.9Event C1 (CSI-RS resource becomes better than threshold) (141)5.5.4.10Event C2 (CSI-RS resource becomes offset better than reference CSI-RS resource) (141)5.5.4.11Event W1 (WLAN becomes better than a threshold) (142)5.5.4.12Event W2 (All WLAN inside WLAN mobility set becomes worse than threshold1 and a WLANoutside WLAN mobility set becomes better than threshold2) (142)5.5.4.13Event W3 (All WLAN inside WLAN mobility set becomes worse than a threshold) (143)5.5.5Measurement reporting (144)5.5.6Measurement related actions (148)5.5.6.1Actions upon handover and re-establishment (148)5.5.6.2Speed dependant scaling of measurement related parameters (149)5.5.7Inter-frequency RSTD measurement indication (149)5.5.7.1General (149)5.5.7.2Initiation (150)5.5.7.3Actions related to transmission of InterFreqRSTDMeasurementIndication message (150)5.6Other (150)5.6.0General (150)5.6.1DL information transfer (151)5.6.1.1General (151)5.6.1.2Initiation (151)5.6.1.3Reception of the DLInformationTransfer by the UE (151)5.6.2UL information transfer (151)5.6.2.1General (151)5.6.2.2Initiation (151)5.6.2.3Actions related to transmission of ULInformationTransfer message (152)5.6.2.4Failure to deliver ULInformationTransfer message (152)5.6.3UE capability transfer (152)5.6.3.1General (152)5.6.3.2Initiation (153)5.6.3.3Reception of the UECapabilityEnquiry by the UE (153)5.6.4CSFB to 1x Parameter transfer (157)5.6.4.1General (157)5.6.4.2Initiation (157)5.6.4.3Actions related to transmission of CSFBParametersRequestCDMA2000 message (157)5.6.4.4Reception of the CSFBParametersResponseCDMA2000 message (157)5.6.5UE Information (158)5.6.5.1General (158)5.6.5.2Initiation (158)5.6.5.3Reception of the UEInformationRequest message (158)5.6.6 Logged Measurement Configuration (159)5.6.6.1General (159)5.6.6.2Initiation (160)5.6.6.3Reception of the LoggedMeasurementConfiguration by the UE (160)5.6.6.4T330 expiry (160)5.6.7 Release of Logged Measurement Configuration (160)5.6.7.1General (160)5.6.7.2Initiation (160)5.6.8 Measurements logging (161)5.6.8.1General (161)5.6.8.2Initiation (161)5.6.9In-device coexistence indication (163)5.6.9.1General (163)5.6.9.2Initiation (164)5.6.9.3Actions related to transmission of InDeviceCoexIndication message (164)5.6.10UE Assistance Information (165)5.6.10.1General (165)5.6.10.2Initiation (166)5.6.10.3Actions related to transmission of UEAssistanceInformation message (166)5.6.11 Mobility history information (166)5.6.11.1General (166)5.6.11.2Initiation (166)5.6.12RAN-assisted WLAN interworking (167)5.6.12.1General (167)5.6.12.2Dedicated WLAN offload configuration (167)5.6.12.3WLAN offload RAN evaluation (167)5.6.12.4T350 expiry or stop (167)5.6.12.5Cell selection/ re-selection while T350 is running (168)5.6.13SCG failure information (168)5.6.13.1General (168)5.6.13.2Initiation (168)5.6.13.3Actions related to transmission of SCGFailureInformation message (168)5.6.14LTE-WLAN Aggregation (169)5.6.14.1Introduction (169)5.6.14.2Reception of LWA configuration (169)5.6.14.3Release of LWA configuration (170)5.6.15WLAN connection management (170)5.6.15.1Introduction (170)5.6.15.2WLAN connection status reporting (170)5.6.15.2.1General (170)5.6.15.2.2Initiation (171)5.6.15.2.3Actions related to transmission of WLANConnectionStatusReport message (171)5.6.15.3T351 Expiry (WLAN connection attempt timeout) (171)5.6.15.4WLAN status monitoring (171)5.6.16RAN controlled LTE-WLAN interworking (172)5.6.16.1General (172)5.6.16.2WLAN traffic steering command (172)5.6.17LTE-WLAN aggregation with IPsec tunnel (173)5.6.17.1General (173)5.7Generic error handling (174)5.7.1General (174)5.7.2ASN.1 violation or encoding error (174)5.7.3Field set to a not comprehended value (174)5.7.4Mandatory field missing (174)5.7.5Not comprehended field (176)5.8MBMS (176)5.8.1Introduction (176)5.8.1.1General (176)5.8.1.2Scheduling (176)5.8.1.3MCCH information validity and notification of changes (176)5.8.2MCCH information acquisition (178)5.8.2.1General (178)5.8.2.2Initiation (178)5.8.2.3MCCH information acquisition by the UE (178)5.8.2.4Actions upon reception of the MBSFNAreaConfiguration message (178)5.8.2.5Actions upon reception of the MBMSCountingRequest message (179)5.8.3MBMS PTM radio bearer configuration (179)5.8.3.1General (179)5.8.3.2Initiation (179)5.8.3.3MRB establishment (179)5.8.3.4MRB release (179)5.8.4MBMS Counting Procedure (179)5.8.4.1General (179)5.8.4.2Initiation (180)5.8.4.3Reception of the MBMSCountingRequest message by the UE (180)5.8.5MBMS interest indication (181)5.8.5.1General (181)5.8.5.2Initiation (181)5.8.5.3Determine MBMS frequencies of interest (182)5.8.5.4Actions related to transmission of MBMSInterestIndication message (183)5.8a SC-PTM (183)5.8a.1Introduction (183)5.8a.1.1General (183)5.8a.1.2SC-MCCH scheduling (183)5.8a.1.3SC-MCCH information validity and notification of changes (183)5.8a.1.4Procedures (184)5.8a.2SC-MCCH information acquisition (184)5.8a.2.1General (184)5.8a.2.2Initiation (184)5.8a.2.3SC-MCCH information acquisition by the UE (184)5.8a.2.4Actions upon reception of the SCPTMConfiguration message (185)5.8a.3SC-PTM radio bearer configuration (185)5.8a.3.1General (185)5.8a.3.2Initiation (185)5.8a.3.3SC-MRB establishment (185)5.8a.3.4SC-MRB release (185)5.9RN procedures (186)5.9.1RN reconfiguration (186)5.9.1.1General (186)5.9.1.2Initiation (186)5.9.1.3Reception of the RNReconfiguration by the RN (186)5.10Sidelink (186)5.10.1Introduction (186)5.10.1a Conditions for sidelink communication operation (187)5.10.2Sidelink UE information (188)5.10.2.1General (188)5.10.2.2Initiation (189)5.10.2.3Actions related to transmission of SidelinkUEInformation message (193)5.10.3Sidelink communication monitoring (195)5.10.6Sidelink discovery announcement (198)5.10.6a Sidelink discovery announcement pool selection (201)5.10.6b Sidelink discovery announcement reference carrier selection (201)5.10.7Sidelink synchronisation information transmission (202)5.10.7.1General (202)5.10.7.2Initiation (203)5.10.7.3Transmission of SLSS (204)5.10.7.4Transmission of MasterInformationBlock-SL message (205)5.10.7.5Void (206)5.10.8Sidelink synchronisation reference (206)5.10.8.1General (206)5.10.8.2Selection and reselection of synchronisation reference UE (SyncRef UE) (206)5.10.9Sidelink common control information (207)5.10.9.1General (207)5.10.9.2Actions related to reception of MasterInformationBlock-SL message (207)5.10.10Sidelink relay UE operation (207)5.10.10.1General (207)5.10.10.2AS-conditions for relay related sidelink communication transmission by sidelink relay UE (207)5.10.10.3AS-conditions for relay PS related sidelink discovery transmission by sidelink relay UE (208)5.10.10.4Sidelink relay UE threshold conditions (208)5.10.11Sidelink remote UE operation (208)5.10.11.1General (208)5.10.11.2AS-conditions for relay related sidelink communication transmission by sidelink remote UE (208)5.10.11.3AS-conditions for relay PS related sidelink discovery transmission by sidelink remote UE (209)5.10.11.4Selection and reselection of sidelink relay UE (209)5.10.11.5Sidelink remote UE threshold conditions (210)6Protocol data units, formats and parameters (tabular & ASN.1) (210)6.1General (210)6.2RRC messages (212)6.2.1General message structure (212)–EUTRA-RRC-Definitions (212)–BCCH-BCH-Message (212)–BCCH-DL-SCH-Message (212)–BCCH-DL-SCH-Message-BR (213)–MCCH-Message (213)–PCCH-Message (213)–DL-CCCH-Message (214)–DL-DCCH-Message (214)–UL-CCCH-Message (214)–UL-DCCH-Message (215)–SC-MCCH-Message (215)6.2.2Message definitions (216)–CounterCheck (216)–CounterCheckResponse (217)–CSFBParametersRequestCDMA2000 (217)–CSFBParametersResponseCDMA2000 (218)–DLInformationTransfer (218)–HandoverFromEUTRAPreparationRequest (CDMA2000) (219)–InDeviceCoexIndication (220)–InterFreqRSTDMeasurementIndication (222)–LoggedMeasurementConfiguration (223)–MasterInformationBlock (225)–MBMSCountingRequest (226)–MBMSCountingResponse (226)–MBMSInterestIndication (227)–MBSFNAreaConfiguration (228)–MeasurementReport (228)–MobilityFromEUTRACommand (229)–Paging (232)–ProximityIndication (233)–RNReconfiguration (234)–RNReconfigurationComplete (234)–RRCConnectionReconfiguration (235)–RRCConnectionReconfigurationComplete (240)–RRCConnectionReestablishment (241)–RRCConnectionReestablishmentComplete (241)–RRCConnectionReestablishmentReject (242)–RRCConnectionReestablishmentRequest (243)–RRCConnectionReject (243)–RRCConnectionRelease (244)–RRCConnectionResume (248)–RRCConnectionResumeComplete (249)–RRCConnectionResumeRequest (250)–RRCConnectionRequest (250)–RRCConnectionSetup (251)–RRCConnectionSetupComplete (252)–SCGFailureInformation (253)–SCPTMConfiguration (254)–SecurityModeCommand (255)–SecurityModeComplete (255)–SecurityModeFailure (256)–SidelinkUEInformation (256)–SystemInformation (258)–SystemInformationBlockType1 (259)–UEAssistanceInformation (264)–UECapabilityEnquiry (265)–UECapabilityInformation (266)–UEInformationRequest (267)–UEInformationResponse (267)–ULHandoverPreparationTransfer (CDMA2000) (273)–ULInformationTransfer (274)–WLANConnectionStatusReport (274)6.3RRC information elements (275)6.3.1System information blocks (275)–SystemInformationBlockType2 (275)–SystemInformationBlockType3 (279)–SystemInformationBlockType4 (282)–SystemInformationBlockType5 (283)–SystemInformationBlockType6 (287)–SystemInformationBlockType7 (289)–SystemInformationBlockType8 (290)–SystemInformationBlockType9 (295)–SystemInformationBlockType10 (295)–SystemInformationBlockType11 (296)–SystemInformationBlockType12 (297)–SystemInformationBlockType13 (297)–SystemInformationBlockType14 (298)–SystemInformationBlockType15 (298)–SystemInformationBlockType16 (299)–SystemInformationBlockType17 (300)–SystemInformationBlockType18 (301)–SystemInformationBlockType19 (301)–SystemInformationBlockType20 (304)6.3.2Radio resource control information elements (304)–AntennaInfo (304)–AntennaInfoUL (306)–CQI-ReportConfig (307)–CQI-ReportPeriodicProcExtId (314)–CrossCarrierSchedulingConfig (314)–CSI-IM-Config (315)–CSI-IM-ConfigId (315)–CSI-RS-Config (317)–CSI-RS-ConfigEMIMO (318)–CSI-RS-ConfigNZP (319)–CSI-RS-ConfigNZPId (320)–CSI-RS-ConfigZP (321)–CSI-RS-ConfigZPId (321)–DMRS-Config (321)–DRB-Identity (322)–EPDCCH-Config (322)–EIMTA-MainConfig (324)–LogicalChannelConfig (325)–LWA-Configuration (326)–LWIP-Configuration (326)–RCLWI-Configuration (327)–MAC-MainConfig (327)–P-C-AndCBSR (332)–PDCCH-ConfigSCell (333)–PDCP-Config (334)–PDSCH-Config (337)–PDSCH-RE-MappingQCL-ConfigId (339)–PHICH-Config (339)–PhysicalConfigDedicated (339)–P-Max (344)–PRACH-Config (344)–PresenceAntennaPort1 (346)–PUCCH-Config (347)–PUSCH-Config (351)–RACH-ConfigCommon (355)–RACH-ConfigDedicated (357)–RadioResourceConfigCommon (358)–RadioResourceConfigDedicated (362)–RLC-Config (367)–RLF-TimersAndConstants (369)–RN-SubframeConfig (370)–SchedulingRequestConfig (371)–SoundingRS-UL-Config (372)–SPS-Config (375)–TDD-Config (376)–TimeAlignmentTimer (377)–TPC-PDCCH-Config (377)–TunnelConfigLWIP (378)–UplinkPowerControl (379)–WLAN-Id-List (382)–WLAN-MobilityConfig (382)6.3.3Security control information elements (382)–NextHopChainingCount (382)–SecurityAlgorithmConfig (383)–ShortMAC-I (383)6.3.4Mobility control information elements (383)–AdditionalSpectrumEmission (383)–ARFCN-ValueCDMA2000 (383)–ARFCN-ValueEUTRA (384)–ARFCN-ValueGERAN (384)–ARFCN-ValueUTRA (384)–BandclassCDMA2000 (384)–BandIndicatorGERAN (385)–CarrierFreqCDMA2000 (385)–CarrierFreqGERAN (385)–CellIndexList (387)–CellReselectionPriority (387)–CellSelectionInfoCE (387)–CellReselectionSubPriority (388)–CSFB-RegistrationParam1XRTT (388)–CellGlobalIdEUTRA (389)–CellGlobalIdUTRA (389)–CellGlobalIdGERAN (390)–CellGlobalIdCDMA2000 (390)–CellSelectionInfoNFreq (391)–CSG-Identity (391)–FreqBandIndicator (391)–MobilityControlInfo (391)–MobilityParametersCDMA2000 (1xRTT) (393)–MobilityStateParameters (394)–MultiBandInfoList (394)–NS-PmaxList (394)–PhysCellId (395)–PhysCellIdRange (395)–PhysCellIdRangeUTRA-FDDList (395)–PhysCellIdCDMA2000 (396)–PhysCellIdGERAN (396)–PhysCellIdUTRA-FDD (396)–PhysCellIdUTRA-TDD (396)–PLMN-Identity (397)–PLMN-IdentityList3 (397)–PreRegistrationInfoHRPD (397)–Q-QualMin (398)–Q-RxLevMin (398)–Q-OffsetRange (398)–Q-OffsetRangeInterRAT (399)–ReselectionThreshold (399)–ReselectionThresholdQ (399)–SCellIndex (399)–ServCellIndex (400)–SpeedStateScaleFactors (400)–SystemInfoListGERAN (400)–SystemTimeInfoCDMA2000 (401)–TrackingAreaCode (401)–T-Reselection (402)–T-ReselectionEUTRA-CE (402)6.3.5Measurement information elements (402)–AllowedMeasBandwidth (402)–CSI-RSRP-Range (402)–Hysteresis (402)–LocationInfo (403)–MBSFN-RSRQ-Range (403)–MeasConfig (404)–MeasDS-Config (405)–MeasGapConfig (406)–MeasId (407)–MeasIdToAddModList (407)–MeasObjectCDMA2000 (408)–MeasObjectEUTRA (408)–MeasObjectGERAN (412)–MeasObjectId (412)–MeasObjectToAddModList (412)–MeasObjectUTRA (413)–ReportConfigEUTRA (422)–ReportConfigId (425)–ReportConfigInterRAT (425)–ReportConfigToAddModList (428)–ReportInterval (429)–RSRP-Range (429)–RSRQ-Range (430)–RSRQ-Type (430)–RS-SINR-Range (430)–RSSI-Range-r13 (431)–TimeToTrigger (431)–UL-DelayConfig (431)–WLAN-CarrierInfo (431)–WLAN-RSSI-Range (432)–WLAN-Status (432)6.3.6Other information elements (433)–AbsoluteTimeInfo (433)–AreaConfiguration (433)–C-RNTI (433)–DedicatedInfoCDMA2000 (434)–DedicatedInfoNAS (434)–FilterCoefficient (434)–LoggingDuration (434)–LoggingInterval (435)–MeasSubframePattern (435)–MMEC (435)–NeighCellConfig (435)–OtherConfig (436)–RAND-CDMA2000 (1xRTT) (437)–RAT-Type (437)–ResumeIdentity (437)–RRC-TransactionIdentifier (438)–S-TMSI (438)–TraceReference (438)–UE-CapabilityRAT-ContainerList (438)–UE-EUTRA-Capability (439)–UE-RadioPagingInfo (469)–UE-TimersAndConstants (469)–VisitedCellInfoList (470)–WLAN-OffloadConfig (470)6.3.7MBMS information elements (472)–MBMS-NotificationConfig (472)–MBMS-ServiceList (473)–MBSFN-AreaId (473)–MBSFN-AreaInfoList (473)–MBSFN-SubframeConfig (474)–PMCH-InfoList (475)6.3.7a SC-PTM information elements (476)–SC-MTCH-InfoList (476)–SCPTM-NeighbourCellList (478)6.3.8Sidelink information elements (478)–SL-CommConfig (478)–SL-CommResourcePool (479)–SL-CP-Len (480)–SL-DiscConfig (481)–SL-DiscResourcePool (483)–SL-DiscTxPowerInfo (485)–SL-GapConfig (485)。
湖北省重点高中智学联盟2024-2025学年高三上学期10月联考英语试题
湖北省重点高中智学联盟2024-2025学年高三上学期10月联考英语试题一、听力选择题1．What is the woman applying for?A．An identity card.B．A credit card.C．A passport.2．Why is the woman drinking Pu’er?A．She likes its taste.B．She wants to be thinner.C．She believes it’s good for health.3．Where does the conversation take place probably?A．In a school.B．In a hospital.C．In the woman’s house. 4．Whose car will the woman most probably travel in next?A．Tony’s.B．Tom’s.C．Amy’s.5．Who is the woman probably?A．A lawyer.B．A university professor.C．A professional golfer.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
6．Which area of Italy is the man going to study in?A．The north.B．The south.C．The center.7．What does the woman recommend the man to do?A．Stay in a hotel.B．Live in her friend’s place.C．Ask people on social media.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
8．How many dogs did the woman rescue?A．Four.B．Six.C．Eight.9．What does the man probably do for a living?A．He is a journalist.B．He is a dog walker.C．He is a photographer. 10．What is the woman doing?A．Walking her dog.B．Feeding her dog.C．Selling her dog.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
英语前辍后辍表
英语前辍后辍表一. 常见的前缀1.表示否定意义的前缀1)纯否定前缀a-, an-, asymmetry（不对称）anhydrous（无水的）dis- dishonest, dislikein-, ig-, il, im, ir, incapable, inability, ignoble, impossible, immoral, illegal, irregular ne-, n-, none, neither, nevernon-, noesenseneg-, neglectun- unable, unemployment2)表示错误的意义male-, mal-, malfunction, maladjustment(失调)mis-, mistake, misleadpseudo-, pseudonym(假名), pseudoscience3)表示反动作的意思de-, defend, demodulation(解调)dis-, disarm, disconnectun-, unload, uncover4)表示相反，相互对立意思anti-, ant- antiknock( 防震), antiforeign,(排外的)contra-, contre-, contro-, contradiction, controflow(逆流)counter-, counterreaction, counterbalanceob-, oc-, of-, op-, object, oppose, occupywith-, withdraw, withstand2. 表示空间位置，方向关系的前缀1)a- 表示“在……之上”，“向……”aboard, aside,2)by- 表示“附近，邻近，边侧”bypath, bypass(弯路)3)circum-, circu-, 表示“周围，环绕，回转”circumstance, circuit4)de-, 表示“在下，向下”descend, degrade5)en-, 表示“在内，进入”encage, enbed(上床)6)ex-, ec-, es-, 表示“外部，外”exit, eclipse, expand, export7)extra-, 表示“额外”extraction （提取）8)fore- 表示“在前面”forehead, foreground9)in-, il-, im-, ir-, 表示“向内，在内，背于”inland, invade, inside, import10)inter-, intel-, 表示“在……间，相互”international, interaction, internet11)intro-, 表示“向内，在内，内侧”introduce, introduce12)medi-, med-, mid-, 表示“中，中间”Mediterranean, midposition13)out-, 表示“在上面，在外部，在外”outline, outside, outward14)over-, 表示“在上面，在外部，向上”overlook, overhead, overboard15)post-, 表示"向后，在后边，次”postscript(附言)，16)pre-, 表示"在前”在前面”prefix, preface, preposition17)pro-, 表示“在前，向前”progress, proceed,18)sub-, suc-, suf-, sug-, sum-, sup-, sur-, sus-, 表示“在下面，下”subway, submarine, suffix, suppress, supplement19)super-, sur-, 表示“在…..之上”superficial, surface, superstructure20)trans-, 表示“移上，转上，在那一边”translate, transform, transoceanic21)under-, 表示“在…..下面，下的”underline, underground, underwater22)up-, 表示“向上，向上面，在上”upward, uphold, uphill(上坡)3. 表示时间，序列关系的前缀1)ante-, anti-, 表示“先前，早于，预先”antecedent, anticipate,2)ex-, 表示“先，故，旧”expresident, exhusband3)fore-, 表示“在前面，先前，前面”foreward, dorecast, foretell(预言)4)mid-, medi-, 表示“中，中间”midnight, midsummer5)post-"表示“在后，后”postwar,6)pre-, pri-, 表示“在前，事先，预先”preheat, prewar, prehistory7)pro-, 表示“在前，先，前”prologue(序幕)，prophet(预言家)8)re-, 表示“再一次，重新”retell, rewrite4. 表示比较程度差别关系的前缀1)by-, 表示“副，次要的”byproduct, bywork(副业)2)extra-,表示“超越，额外”extraordinary,3)hyper- 表示“超过，极度”hypersonic(超声波), hypertesion(高血压)4)out-,表示“超过，过分”outdo(超过), outbid(出价过高的人)5)over-，表示“超过，过度，太”overeat, overdress, oversleep6) sub-, suc-, sur-, 表示“低，次，副，亚”subeditor, subordinate, subtropical(亚热带)7)super-, sur- 表示“超过”supernature, superpower, surplus, surpass8)under-,表示“低劣，低下”undersize, undergrown, underproduction(生产不足)9)vice- 表示“副，次”vicepresident, vicechairman5. 表示共同，相等意思的前缀1)com-, cop-, con-, cor-, co- 表示“共同，一起”。
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由此可见用英语短语
由此可见用英语短语由此可见此类男人灵魂之空洞、内心之匮乏，情感之虚伪、人性之狡诈。
虽然男人自认为是很用情的，其实不过是一叶障目不见泰山而已。
下面就由店铺为大家带来关于由此可见的英语短语集锦，希望大家能有所收获。
关于由此可见的相关短语由此可见 this shows由此可见 thus it can be seen由此可见 it follwos that由此可见 this shows that关于由此可见的相关例句1. Thus superstition thrives, side - by - side with modern medical science, psychology, and religion.由此可见,迷信与现代医学、心理学和宗教一起兴旺地发展着.2. The U.S. budget process, then, is complex and comprehensive.由此可见, 美国的预算制定过程是复杂而又全面的.3. So, while Melbourne was not a convict settlement, it wasn't squeaky - clean either.由此可见, 早先的墨尔本虽不是流放犯的聚居地, 但也不是十分清白的.4. Thus the alpha particle is an exceptionally stable nuclear structure.由此可见,α粒子是一种特别稳定的核结构.5. Consequently, there is a strong possibility that life can arise on other planets.由此可见, 其他行星上极可能有生命产生.6. It follows that with the voltage on, the losses are high, so oscillation is prevented.由此可见,加上电压后, 损耗增大, 因此振荡受到阻止.7. Thus, the augend and addend must each be small enough to fit within one memory location.由此可见, 加数和被加数都应足够小,以便能够适合地装入一个存储单元.8. It follows that the title to the lands in question is in the plaintiff.由此可见,双方争执之土地之所有权应属于原告一方.9. In many important respects, therefore , Durkheim remained a faithful disciple of Comte's positivism.由此可见,在许多重要方面, 尔凯姆仍然是孔德实征主义的忠实信徒.10. This shows that modern war a large extent, the logistics support capacity.由此可见,现代战争在很大程度上是后勤保障能力的较量.11. It is a convenience and effective method to assess cut slope stability.由此可见利用神经网络判定边坡稳定性是一种简便有效的方法.12. So, when developers assume the obligation to contract losses to buyers.由此可见, 当开发商违约导致合同解除时应承担由此给买家造成的损失.13. This shows that the prestressing force should be an appropriate value.由此可见,预紧力应有一个适当的数值.14. Evidently, esophageal cancer a common disease in the elderly.由此可见, 食管癌是中老年人的常见病.15. Thus, in dealing with the dye containing bentonite has high application value.由此可见, 改性膨润土在处理染料废水方面有很高的应用价值.关于由此可见的双语例句由此可见，你是对的。
张剑黄皮书02~04真题及解析
2003年全国攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试英语试题第一部分英语知识运用试题解析一、文章总体分析文章主要论述了教师们应该关注青少年在成长时期所经历的情感、心智和生理上的变化，并采取方法帮助他们适应这些变化，健康成长。
第一段第一、二句是主题句，点明文章主题。
从第三句开始介绍了青少年的各种变化，如：自我意识很强，需要从成功中获得自信等。
接下来是对老师的建议：设计有更多优胜者的活动，组织各种小型俱乐部，让成年人在幕后支持。
第二段特别强调教师在设计活动时要注意保持其多样性，以适应青少年注意力持续时间短的特点。
此外，成年人要帮助学生在活动中培养责任感。
二、试题具体解析1. [A]（give）thought (to) 想过，思考[B]（give sb. an/some）idea（of）使了解……的情况[C]（have a good/bad）opinion (of) 对……印象很好[D]（give）advice（to）提建议[答案] A[解析]本题考核的知识点是：平行句子结构+ 固定搭配。
首先，从文章结构上看，第一段的第一、二句是平行的并列句：Teachers need to be aware of（教师应该注意）和And they also need to give serious 1 to（同时他们须认真……）。
注意第二句中的两个they分别指代了第一句中的teachers和young adults，第二句中的give serious 1 to与第一句中的be aware of（知道，意识到）也应在意义上相呼应。
其次，考生需要判断四个选项中哪一个能与 give...to 构成短语。
idea这个词词义很丰富，包括“想法、意思、概念、思想、意识、打算、建议”等，但通常与介词of而不是to连用；opinion意为“意见；看法”，一般不与give搭配；advice（建议）虽然可与give及to搭配，但介词to后应接人，即建议的接受者，如果要表达“提出…方面的建议”，应该用“give advice on sth.”。
吃完饭玩游戏英语作文
After a satisfying meal,many people find themselves in the mood for leisure activities.Playing games is a popular choice that can provide entertainment and relaxation.Heres a detailed English composition about the experience of playing games after dinner:Title:Enjoying Games PostDinnerAfter a hearty dinner,the evening stretches out with a sense of calm and contentment.It is the perfect time to engage in activities that bring joy and relaxation.For many,this means turning to games as a form of entertainment.Whether its a board game with family, a video game with friends,or a solo adventure in the digital world,games offer a myriad of benefits and pleasures.The Comfort of Board GamesBoard games are a classic choice for postdinner entertainment.They bring families and friends together around the table,fostering a sense of community and friendly competition.The strategic thinking required in games like chess or Monopoly not only stimulates the mind but also encourages conversation and bonding.The tactile experience of moving pieces and the visual satisfaction of a wellorganized game board add to the enjoyment.The Thrill of Video GamesFor those who prefer the digital realm,video games offer an immersive experience that can transport players to different worlds.The graphics and sound effects create a vivid atmosphere,making the gaming experience more realistic and engaging.From actionpacked adventures to strategic simulations,video games cater to a wide range of interests and skill levels.The ability to play online with friends or strangers adds a social dimension to the solitary act of gaming.The Solace of Puzzle GamesPuzzle games,whether they are physical jigsaw puzzles or digital brain teasers,provide a calming and mentally stimulating activity.They require focus and patience,which can be a welcome change after a day of work or school.Solving puzzles can be a form of meditation,allowing the mind to unwind and find peace in the process of problemsolving.The Educational ValueGames are not just for fun they also have educational value.Many games are designed to improve cognitive skills,such as memory,attention to detail,and logical thinking. Educational games can make learning enjoyable,especially for children,by incorporating lessons in a playful manner.The Importance of BalanceWhile games are a great way to unwind,its important to maintain a balance.Spending too much time gaming can lead to sedentary behavior and neglect of other responsibilities. Its crucial to allocate time for physical activity and social interaction outside of the gaming world.ConclusionPlaying games after dinner is a delightful way to cap off the day.It offers a break from routine,a chance to connect with others,and an opportunity for mental exercise.Whether its a strategic board game,an adrenalinepumping video game,or a peaceful puzzle, games can enrich our lives and provide a muchneeded respite from the days demands.This composition highlights the various ways in which games can be enjoyed postdinner, emphasizing the importance of balance and the benefits of gaming as a leisure activity.。
最新高中英语构词法教案
因斯坦教育构词法备课资料1、合成法将两个或两个以上的单词合成在一起而构成的新词，叫做合成词。
方式：1. 直接写在一起。
2. 用连字符(-)连接。
3. 由两个分开的词构成。
（1）合成形容词①名词+现在分词例：English-speaking 讲英语的，south-facing 朝南的②名词+过去分词例：man-made 人造的，water-covered 被水覆盖的③名词+形容词例：snow-white 雪白的，day-long 整天的④形容词+名词+-ed 例：warm-hearted 热情的，kind-hearted 好心肠的⑤形容词/副词+现在分词例：good-looking 好看的 funny-looking 滑稽的⑥副词+过去分词例：well-known 出名的,deep-set(眼睛）深陷的⑦副词/形容词+名词例：right-hand 右手的，full-time 专职的⑧数词+名词例：100-meter 100米的，million-pound 百万英镑的⑨数词+名词+形容词例：180-foot-high 180英寸高的，10-year-old 10岁的⑩数词+名词+-ed 例：four-footed/legged 四脚的，one-eyed 独眼龙的（2）合成名词①名词+名词例：weekend 周末，classroom 教室，bookshop 书店②形容词/介词+名词例：gentleman 绅士，loudspeaker 扬声器③动词+名词例：typewriter 打字机，cookbook 烹调书④名词+动词例：daybreak 破晓，toothpick 牙签⑤动词-ing形式+名词例：reading-room 阅览室，sleeping-car 卧车车厢⑥副词+动词例：outbreak 爆发，downpour 倾盆大雨⑦名词+动名词例：handwriting 笔迹，sun-bathing 日光浴⑧名词+in/to0+名词例：mother-in-law 岳母，brother-in-law 姐夫（3）合成动词①副词+动词例：overthrow 推翻，understand 理解②形容词+动词例：broadcast 广播，whitewash 粉刷③名词+动词例：typewrite 打字，sleepwalk 梦游（4）合成副词①介词+名词例：underfoot 脚下，beforehand 事先②形容词+名词例：hotfoot 匆忙地，someday 有朝一日③形容词+副词例：anywhere 任何地方，outwards 向外、（5）合成介词：within在……之内，without没有，inside在……里边，into进入（6）合成代词：myself我自己，ourselves我们自己，anyone任何人，nobody没有人nothing 没东西，somebody有人。
电影种类英语作文
When discussing the various genres of films in English,its important to understand the wide range of categories that exist to cater to different tastes and preferences.Here is an overview of some of the most common film genres:1.Action Films:These movies are characterized by fastpaced,thrilling sequences,often involving physical feats,fights,and chases.They usually feature heroes who save the day through their physical prowess.edies:Comedies are designed to make audiences laugh.They can be slapstick, situational,or witty,and often involve humorous dialogue and characters.3.Dramas:Drama films are serious narratives that deal with reallife situations and emotions.They often explore deep themes and character development.4.Horror Films:These films aim to scare and unsettle the audience,often involving supernatural elements,monsters,or psychological terror.5.Science Fiction SciFi:SciFi movies explore imaginative and futuristic concepts,often involving space travel,time travel,or advanced technology.6.Fantasy Films:Fantasy films are set in worlds where magic and supernatural elements are common.They often feature mythical creatures and heroes on grand quests.7.Romance:Romance films focus on the development of a romantic relationship between characters,often culminating in a happy or tragic ending.8.Thrillers:Thrillers keep audiences on the edge of their seats with suspense,tension, and often a race against time to solve a mystery or prevent a disaster.9.Westerns:A genre that originated in the early20th century,Westerns are set in the American Old West and often involve cowboys,lawmen,and outlaws.10.Documentaries:These are nonfiction films that provide a factual record or report on a particular subject,often exploring social,political,or historical issues.11.War Films:War films depict war stories or military history.They can be actionpacked or introspective,focusing on the human side of war.12.Animation:Animated films use a variety of techniques to bring characters and stories to life,often appealing to both children and adults.13.Musicals:Musicals are films that integrate song and dance into the narrative,with characters often expressing their emotions through song.14.Adventure Films:Adventure movies often involve exploration or a quest,with characters facing challenges and obstacles in exotic locations.15.Mystery Films:Mystery films revolve around a puzzle that the characters must solve, often involving a detective or amateur sleuth.16.Biographical Films:These films tell the story of a real persons life,often focusing on significant events or periods in their life.17.Historical Films:Historical films are set in the past and aim to depict historical events, cultures,or people accurately.18.Crime Films:Crime films focus on criminal activities,often involving heists,law enforcement,or the criminal underworld.19.Family Films:Family films are suitable for all ages and often contain themes of adventure,friendship,and moral lessons.20.Superhero Films:Superhero films feature characters with extraordinary abilities, often battling villains to save the world.Each genre has its own conventions and tropes,and filmmakers often blend elements from different genres to create unique and engaging cinematic experiences. Understanding these genres can help you better appreciate the art of filmmaking and the diverse stories that can be told through the medium of film.。
soft actor-critic 的解释 -回复
soft actor-critic 的解释-回复Soft Actor-Critic (SAC) is a reinforcement learning algorithm that combines the actor-critic framework with maximum entropy reinforcement learning. It is designed to learn policies for continuous action spaces, facilitating robust and flexible control in complex environments. In this article, we will step by step explore the key principles and components of the SAC algorithm.1. Introduction to Reinforcement Learning:Reinforcement learning is a branch of machine learning that focuses on enabling an agent to learn how to make decisions based on its interaction with an environment. The agent receives feedback in the form of rewards or penalties and learns to maximize the cumulative reward over time through trial and error.2. Actor-Critic Framework:The actor-critic framework is a popular approach in reinforcement learning. It combines the advantages of both value-based and policy-based methods. The actor, also known as the policy network, learns to select actions based on the current state of the environment. The critic, on the other hand, estimates the value function or the state-action value function, providing feedback tothe actor's policy learning process.3. Continuous Action Spaces:Many real-world problems, such as robotics control or autonomous driving, involve continuous action spaces. In contrast to discrete action spaces where there are a finite number of actions to choose from, continuous action spaces allow for an infinite number of actions within a specific range. Traditional policy-based methods struggle with continuous actions due to the curse of dimensionality.4. Maximum Entropy Reinforcement Learning:Maximum entropy reinforcement learning aims to learn policies that are not only optimal but also stochastic. Introducing stochasticity in the policy allows for exploration and probabilistic decision-making, enabling the agent to handle uncertainties in the environment. This approach helps prevent the agent from getting trapped in local optima.5. Soft Q-Learning:Soft Q-learning is a variant of the Q-learning algorithm that leverages maximum entropy reinforcement learning principles. Itseeks to learn a soft state-action value function, which combines the typical expected reward with an entropy term. The entropy term encourages exploration by discouraging over-reliance on deterministic policies.6. Policy Optimization with Soft Actor-Critic:In SAC, the actor is responsible for learning the policy distribution, parametrized by a neural network. The critic learns the Q-function, estimating the state-action values. The training procedure consists of sampling actions based on the current policy, collecting trajectories or episodes, and using these samples to update the policy and Q-function.7. Entropy Regularization:SAC utilizes entropy regularization to ensure exploration and stochastic decision-making. The entropy term acts as a regularizer added to the objective function during policy optimization. By maximizing the entropy, the agent strives to maintain a diverse set of actions and explore the full action space.8. Soft Actor-Critic Architecture:The SAC architecture involves three main components: the actornetwork, the critic network, and target networks. The actor network is responsible for learning the policy distribution, while the critic network estimates the Q-function for value estimation. Target networks are used to stabilize the learning process by providing temporally consistent value estimates.9. Experience Replay:Experience replay is a technique employed in SAC to improve sample efficiency and mitigate potential non-stationarity issues. Instead of updating the policy and value function using immediate samples, experience replay stores and replays past experiences. This approach enables the agent to learn from a diverse range of experiences, leading to more robust policy learning.10. Exploration Strategies:Exploration is critical for reinforcement learning, as it allows the agent to discover new and potentially better policies. SAC employs a combination of exploration strategies, including adding noise to the policy parameters or actions. This noise injection encourages the agent to explore different solutions, improving the chance of finding the optimal policy.In conclusion, Soft Actor-Critic is a powerful reinforcement learning algorithm for continuous action spaces. By incorporating maximum entropy reinforcement learning principles, SAC enables robust and flexible control in complex environments. Its actor-critic framework, with entropy regularization, allows for policy optimization and exploration, making it well-suited for real-world problems. Additionally, the use of experience replay and exploration strategies enhances the learning process, leading to better performance and more efficient policy learning.。
SIMATIC Energy Manager PRO V7.2 - Operation Operat
2 Energy Manager PRO Client................................................................................................................. 19
2.1 2.1.1 2.1.2 2.1.3 2.1.4 2.1.5 2.1.5.1 2.1.5.2 2.1.6
Basics ................................................................................................................................ 19 Start Energy Manager ........................................................................................................ 19 Client as navigation tool..................................................................................................... 23 Basic configuration ............................................................................................................ 25 Search for object................................................................................................................ 31 Quicklinks.......................................................................................................................... 33 Create Quicklinks ............................................................................................................... 33 Editing Quicklinks .............................................................................................................. 35 Help .................................................................................................................................. 38
mistr包的文档说明书
Extensions in the mistr WorldLukas Sablica a and Kurt Hornik aaInstitute for Statistics and Mathematics,WU Wirtschaftsuniversität Wien,Austria;https://www.wu.ac.at/en/statmathThis version was compiled on February 22,2023The main aim of this vignette is to introduce several available options for the package mistr.In the first place,we introduce the implementation of a distribution that is not directly supported by the framework,followed by a small example.Then we show how to add a new transformation and how this new transformation can be improved if some direct and invariant transformations are included.Note that this vignette serves as a guide-book for extensions in the mistr framework and does not cover examples for general purposes.These are more deeply described in the introduc-tion vignette.extensions |composite |mixture |R |tails |models |truncated |distributions1.Adding newdistributionWhile the framework provided by the mistr package currently sup-ports all distributions that are in-cluded in the R stats package and many more as well,there are and always will be specific distributions that are not covered in the package code,and thus must be added by the user.In such case,a new distribution can be added in a very simple way .Under the assumption that the [pre-fix ][name ]functions (d ,p ,q ,andr )are loaded in the search path,the only additional function that is needed is the function that will create the object representing this random variable.This can be best explained on a concrete example.A function that creates an object for uniform distribution is designed asfollows:As the source code indicates,the only arguments of the function are the parameters.Another information that the user passes is the distribution family ,which is set according to the function call.The rest of the information is fully determined by these two characterizations.The class contains the mother class dist and a class univdist ,which,unlike the class trans_univdist ,expresses that the distri-bution is not transformed.Next class is the standist class that indicates that we are dealing with a standard distribution,and not a mixture or composite random variable.The class of standist is then split into continuous and discrete distributions,and this characterization is then stored as a next class.The last class is then the class of the distribution family .Thus,while the last three classes are present for internal purpose,the first two classes must be set by the user according to the new distribution.To show also an example of a distribution that is not yet sup-ported by mistr ,we demonstrate the discrete uniform distribu-tion.Discrete uniform distribution,also known as equally likely outcomes distribution,is a probability distribution where a finite number of outcomes are equally likely to be observed.Even though the distribution itself is non-parametric,it is broadly acceptable to represent its values by all integers in an interval [min ,max ].This offers in a same way as the continuous uniform distribution a parametric representation using the two parameters,min and ing these two parameters,the cumulative distribution function and the probability density function are equal toF (x )=0x <min, x −min +1max −min +1min ≤x ≤max,1max <x ,andf (x )=1max −min +1x ∈{min,min +1,...,max-1,max },else,respectively .If these two functions together with the quantile function and a random sample function are available in the search path as a [prefix ][name ]function,e.g.,ddunif(),pdunif(),qdunif(),and rdunif(),the function that will create an object can be definedas:In this example the distribution is created using the help func-tion new_dist().If new_dist()is called from within the creator function,it takes only the name and support details of the distri-butions.Other specifications will be filled according to the parenthttps:///package=mistrmistr Vignette|February 22,2023|1–3calls automatically.Note,that new_dist()can be called also di-rectly from other functions and environments but in this case other arguments must befilled.For more details see the helpfile of new_dist().The next important thing is that unlike the continu-ous distributions,the support information in the case of discrete distributions also contains the parameter by.This parameter de-scribes the deterministic step between the support and for most known discrete distributions is equal to one,as they have support on the integers.It might of course differ for some distributions, which have support only on even numbers,or some scaled distri-butions.It is essential that this parametrization allows to perfectly define the support of a distribution,and hence allows to do more complicated operations and calculations.In the case the user would like a distribution with no equally distanced outcomes,one can perform a non-linear transformation.Afinal remark concerning the[prefix][name]functions for discrete distribution is that the d and p functions should have some rounding towards the support to avoid rounding errors.For distributions provided by the frame-work,this rounding is already implemented in the stats package calls.Thus if the d p,q and r functions are reachable either from another package namespace or from the globalenvironmentthe distribution can be created and evaluatedas:2.Adding new transformationsThe ability to perform transformations was already presented in the Introduction vignette.In this section we will cover how a new transformation can be added.The whole procedure will be described on an example,where an arcus tangent transformation will be implemented.Arcus tangent,also known as atan,is a monotonic function on the whole support of the real numbers.Its inverse function is tangent(tan)and thanks to the nice one-to-one relationship from atan to tan and then back,atan can be easily implemented into current framework.For each transformation,there is usually a need to create two new functions.One that performs transformations on yet untrans-formed distributions,and hence initializes the process(dispatches on class univdist).Second that dispatches on class trans_univdist and is designed to add new transformation or upgrade or delete the previous one.Clearly,it is possible to add just one function that dispatches on class dist and hence works for both types,however, such approach does not contain enoughflexibility for operations like inverse transformation of the previous one and is not rec-ommended.The main function that is designed to make the life with the new transformation easier is the trafo()function.The function takes the object on which new manipulations will be per-formed,a specified type of manipulation and expressions that are used for this change.Thus,an atan()function that dispatches on untransformed distributions can be designed asfollows.While the argument type in the trafo()call can be assigned with4different string values(“init”,“new”,“update”,“go_back”), for the function that dispatches on univdist only type=“init”should be used.This initializes the history list that stores the information about the old transformations and assigns thefirst transformations according to the next four arguments.These(trans,invtrans,print and deriv)should be attached to the expressions that correspond to the transformation,inverse transformation,transformation that is used in print and the derivative of the inverse transformation, respectively.The last two arguments specify the name of the opera-tion and(if any)additional value that was used in the transforma-tion.In this example,function atan()is used for transformation, tan()as the inverse of atan(),again atan()for the print and since d tan(x)d x=1+tan(x)2,for the deriv argument such an expres-sion is used.Additionally,name of the operation is added to be able to track and recognize it later.Furthermore,the argument value(not used here)can be assigned to a numeric if the function of a transformation contains two inputs such as multiplication or addition.This information can be later used for updating the trans-formation(i.e.,3+(2+X)=5+X).Note that all expressions must use X as a placeholder to indicate the object in the transformation.With this function we can now easily transform any distribution. An example of arctan()transformed standard normal distribution2|https:///package=mistr Sablica and HornikThis transformation is then fully able to cooperate withothers.Once the function for untransformed distributions is imple-mented,we can add also one for the transformed case.This function should offer more possibilities and it depends only on the creator how smart he wants the framework to be.For this particular case with atan(),we will assume that also tan()trans-formation is implemented.Even though tan()is not monotonic transformation,using the sudo_support()and modulus one can easily check if the transformation is performed only on the mono-tonic part of the support.Thus,if tan()is implemented also for the distribution,atan.trans_univdist()can be writtenas:Here,the types “go_back”and “new”are used.The “go_back”is used when the code recognizes that the previous operation was the inverse and so rather cancels out both transformations.On the other hand,if there is no another way to eliminate or update a transformation,type =“new”adds a new transformation to the previous ones.This call again needs the expressions and operation name as in the example before.The last type,which was not used here is the “update”type,which can be used for updating previous transformations.For more details see the help file of trafo()or the source code of different transformations.Finally ,there is a possibility to add an invariant or direct trans-formation.This procedure is trivial and one only needs to create a call that dispatches on the distribution family rather than on the class univdist .For the discrete uniform distribution,which is invariant under linear transformation,this means that we can write the plus transformationas:To summarize,we can perform two transformations on ournew distribution,where one is invariant and the second one is the atan()transformation.ReferencesBakar S,Nadarajah S,Kamarul Adzhar Z,Mohamed I (2016).“Gendist:An R Package for Generated Probability Distribution Models.”P L o S One ,11(6).ISSN 1932-6203.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0156537.Bolker B,T eam RDC (2017).bbmle:T ools for General Maximum Likelihood Estimation .R package version 1.0.20,URL https:///package=bbmle .Cooray K,Ananda MM (2005).“Modeling actuarial data with a composite lognormal-Pareto model.”Scandinavian Actuarial Journal ,2005(5),321–334.doi:10.1080/03461230510009763.https:///doi/pdf/10.1080/03461230510009763,URL https:///doi/abs/10.1080/03461230510009763.Kohl M,Ruckdeschel P (2010).“R Package distrMod:S4Classes and Methods for Probability Models.”Journal of Statistical Software,Articles ,35(10),1–27.ISSN 1548-7660.doi:10.18637/jss.v035.i10.Nadarajah S,Bakar S (2014).“New composite models for the Danish fire in-surance data.”Scandinavian Actuarial Journal ,2014(2),180–187.doi:10.1080/03461238.2012.695748.https:///10.1080/03461238.2012.695748,URL https:///10.1080/03461238.2012.695748.Nadarajah S,Bakar SAA (2013).“CompLognormal:An R Package for Composite Lognormal Distributions.”The R Journal ,5(2),97–103.URL https:///archive/2013/RJ-2013-030/index.html .Ryan JA,Ulrich JM (2018).quantmod:Quantitative Financial Modelling Frame-work .R package version 0.4-13,URL https:///package=quantmod .Scollnik DPM (2007).“On composite lognormal-Pareto models.”Scandinavian Actuarial Journal ,2007(1),20–33.doi:10.1080/03461230601110447.https:///10.1080/03461230601110447,URL https:///10.1080/03461230601110447.Wickham H (2016).ggplot2:Elegant Graphics for Data Analysis .Springer-Verlag New Y ork.ISBN 978-3-319-24277-4.URL .Sablica and Hornik mistr Vignette |February 22,2023|3。
常见的英语单词后缀大全完美版
1基本信息Ⅰ．后缀－abｌe与-ible形容词后缀-ablｅ与-iｂｌｅ是同义后缀,加在动词后,使动词变为形容词，其意义相当于情态动词 cａｎ+此动词被动式。
所以在语义上有被动意义。
例如:tｈｅrｅｓｕlｔs caｎbe testｅd.→ｔhe resulｔs are tｅsｔａｂle.这些结果是可测试的。
究竟哪些动词加-ｉbｌe，哪些加－able呢？1．加-ibｌe的词大多数来自拉丁语。
下面加-ibｌe的词都是来自拉丁语的动词。
如：edｉble(可食用的) visｉble(可见的）ｓensiｂle(可觉察的）pｏssiｂle(可能的）flｅxｉｂｌe（易弯曲的）２．以-ｍｉt结尾的动词,将-mit变为-misｓ再加-ｉbｌe。
如：permit→permisｓiｂle(可允许的）3.以－nｄ结尾的动词，将-ｎd变为-ns再加-ｉble，如:rｅsponｄ→responsible（有责任的）,dｅfend→d ｅｆenｓible（能防御的）4.加-able的动词远比加-iｂｌe的多,且-ａbｌe为活性后缀,如要构成这一意义的新词时,都是加－aｂle。
５.一般以"e"结尾的动词，去掉"e"再加-ablｅ。
如:erase→eraｓabｌe（可擦掉的),ｄecｅivｅ→deｃeivable （可欺的）也有直接加的，如:ｃhanｇe→ｃhａngeabｌe（可变化的),sｅrvice→ｓｅrｖｉceaｂle（有用的)6.动词以辅音加y结尾，ｙ变i加abｌe。
如:deny→ｄｅnｉablｅ(可否认的）,relｙ→relｉａble（可靠的)Ⅱ．后缀-iｚe（-ise）后缀-ｉze(－isｅ)可以加在名词或形容词的后面构成动词，表示"照……样子做＂、"按……方式处理"、"使成为……"、"变成……状态"、＂……化"的意思。
男演员女演员类型英语作文
In the realm of acting, the distinction between male and female actors often extends beyond the mere portrayal of characters. Each type of actor brings a unique set of qualities and skills to the table, shaping the narrative and the audiences perception of the story. Here, we will explore the various types of male and female actors and the roles they play in the Englishspeaking film and theater industry.Male Actors:1. Leading Men: These are the quintessential heroes of the story, often embodying charm, charisma, and a sense of adventure. They are the protagonists who drive the narrative forward and are typically portrayed as strong, courageous, and morally upright.2. Supporting Actors: While they may not be the central figures, supporting actors play crucial roles in the development of the plot and the main characters. They often provide depth and complexity to the story, acting as mentors, friends, or rivals to the leading characters.3. Character Actors: Character actors are known for their ability to transform into a wide array of roles, often playing eccentric or distinctive characters that leave a lasting impression on the audience.4. Comedic Actors: These actors specialize in humor, providing comic relief and levity to the story. They have a keen sense of timing and delivery that can make or break a comedic scene.5. Action Stars: Known for their physical prowess and ability to perform their own stunts, action stars often take center stage in films that require intense fight scenes, chase sequences, and highadrenaline action.Female Actors:1. Leading Ladies: The female counterparts to leading men, leading ladies are often portrayed as strong, independent, and complex characters. They can be the love interest, but they are also capable of driving the story forward with their own motivations and conflicts.2. Supporting Actresses: Similar to their male counterparts, supporting actresses play essential roles that help to enrich the narrative. They can be best friends, family members, or adversaries, providing emotional depth and contrast to the main characters.3. Character Actresses: These actresses excel at portraying unique and memorable characters that may not always be the central figure but are integral to the storys fabric.4. Comedic Actresses: Just as with comedic actors, comedic actresses bring humor and wit to their roles. They can deliver punchlines with precision and timing, making them a vital part of any comedy.5. Action Heroines: Female action stars are increasingly prominent in the industry, showcasing their physical abilities and strength in roles traditionally dominated by men. They are often portrayed as fearless and resourceful, capable of holding their own in actionpacked scenes.Both male and female actors contribute to the diversity and richness of storytelling in the Englishspeaking world. Their performances not only entertain but also challenge societal norms, promote representation, and inspire audiences. The art of acting is a powerful tool for communication and expression, and these actors are the ambassadors of that art.。
英语缩写意思R开头
RSVP
Repondez s’il vous plait (Please reply)
RT
Retweet Real Time
RTA
Road Traffic Accident
RTB
Return To Base
RTD
Ready To Drink
RHD
Right Hand Drive
RHI
Rumour Has It
RHIP
Rank Has Its Privileges
RHS
Right Hand Side
RINO
Republican In Name Only
RIYL
Recommended If You Like
RL
Real Life
RLAB
Roll Like A Buffalo
RPC
Role Playing Chat
RPF
Real Person Fiction
RPG
Rocket Propelled Grenade Role Playing Game
RPM
Revolutions Per Minute
RPS
Rock Paper Scissors (game)
RQ
Random Questions (Livejournal community)
RWYS
Reap What You Sow
RYC
Regarding Your Comment
RYN
Read Your Note Regarding Your Note
RYO
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Dataflow execution models
• Kahn-McQueen • Static dataflow (Dennis) • Tagged token model (Arvind/Gostelow) • Dataflow process networks (Lee)
ENEE 759E, Fall 1999, ECE Dept./University of Maryland, College Park. Handout 10: Dataflow modeling, Page 7 of 58.
Kahn-McQueen dataflow example
source actor
b
c
a
e
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
d
1. try e 2. (c, e) hungry 3. try c 4. execute c 5. try e 6. (d, e) hungry 7. try d 8. (a, d) hungry 9. try a 10. execute a
• Declare all memory up front • No dynamic memory allocation • Hierarchical vs. primitive actors • Actor libraries
ENEE 759E, Fall 1999, ECE Dept./University of Maryland, College Park. Handout 10: Dataflow modeling, Page 5 of 58.
ENEE 759E, Fall 1999, ECE Dept./University of Maryland, College Park. Handout 10: Dataflow modeling, Page 3 of 58.
Actors
• Restricted or unrestricted complexity • In general, a Turing machine (“thread”) • Optional bounded state limitation
Static (“safe”) dataflow
• Primarily for implementation as a machine architecture • Actors are primitive operations ~ functional units • Static restriction: An edge can buffer at most one token at a
ENEE 759E, Fall 1999, ECE Dept./University of Maryland, College Park. Handout 10: Dataflow modeling, Page 4 of 58.
Actor example: LMS adaptive filter
ENEE 759E, Fall 1999, ECE Dept./University of Maryland, College Park. Handout 10: Dataflow modeling, Page 6 of 58.
• Repeat
• current_actor executes until sufficient data does not exist on some
input edge e .
• Edge e is marked as being “hungry” (hungry(e) ← TRUE ).
• current_actor ← src (e) • After an actor (src (α) ) writes to a hungry edge α :
“demand-driven” execution
hungry(α) ← FALSE
current_actor ← snk (α )
• Until deadlock
may or may not ever happen
ENEE 759E, Fall 1999, ECE Dept./University of Maryland, College Park. Handout 10: Dataflow modeling, Page 9 of 58.
time “acknowledgement edges”
ENEE 759E, Fall 1999, ECE Dept./University of Maryland, College Park. Handout 10: Dataflow modeling, Page 13 of 58.
The static restriction
Kahn-McQueen model
• Dataflow graph (V, E ). • Execution starts with a sink vertex v ( src (e) ≠ v for all e ∈ E ). • Unique source/sink vertex can be defined to simplify analysis a little.
p may or may not equal q , this is called functional parallelism. • If for some k , invocations Ip(Ak ) and Iq(Ak) (p ≠ q) execute at the same
time, this is called data parallelism.
• An edge can buffer at most one token at a time • Advantages
• Makes it easy to map into hardware directly • E.g. no indexing into multiword buffers • E.g. no dynamic memory allocation • Disadvantages • Limits parallelism (data parallelism) • Token traffic is doubled due to acknowledgement edges
meaningful operation • Firing rules • “Data-driven execution”
ENEE 759E, Fall 1999, ECE Dept./University of Maryland, College Park. Handout 10: Dataflow modeling, Page 2 of 58.
ENEE 759E, Fall 1999, ECE Dept./University of Maryland, College Park. Handout 10: Dataflow modeling, Page 14 of 58.
Functional parallelism vs. data parallelism
Dataflow computation model
• Application is modeled as a directed graph or multigraph. • Vertices (actors) represent computations. • Edges represent
• Data precedences • FIFO buffers • Data values (tokens) are queued on edges • “Strict” vs. “logical” FIFOs. • Initial tokens (delays) may be present • (Usually) discrete actor firings • An actor can execute whenever it has sufficient data to perform a
etc.
ENEE 759E, Fall 1999, ECE Dept./University of Maryland, College Park. Handout 10: Dataflow modeling, Page 10 of 58.
initial token
Observations
• Flexibility • Potential to exploit parallelism • Issues
ENEE 759E, Fall 1999, ECE Dept./University of Maryland, College Park. Handout 10: Dataflow modeling, Page 8 of 58.
Kahn-McQueen model: operation
• current_actor ← SINK
Example 1
Example 2
application designed by members of the Ptolemy project, UC Berkeley application designed by members of the Ptolemy project, UC Berkeley
Dataflow computation model
• Kahn-McQueen • Static dataflow (Dennis) • Tagged token model (Arvind/Gostelow) • Dataflow process networks (Lee)
ENEE 759E, Fall 1999, ECE Dept./University of Maryland, College Park. Handout 10: Dataflow modeling, Page 12 of 58.