Chapter 2-2 Students(1)
CHAPTER TWO
2.1.1 以-s结尾的疾病名称和游戏名称
疾病-arthritis（关节炎），bronchitis（支气管炎），
rickets（软骨病），
mumps（腮腺炎）， diabetes（糖尿病）-用作单数
Mumps is a kind of infectious disease. Arthritis is a disease causing pain and swelling in the joints of body. Phlebitis（静脉炎） is a swollen condition of the blood vessels.
The herd of cows and claves are moving toward the sheds by twos and threes.
2.2.4 a committee of 等+复数名词
如果主语是由a committee of/a panel of/a（the）board of+复数名词构成，动词通 常用单数。 A committee of five men and three women is to consider the matter. A panel of distinguished people has been chosen to judge this competition, It is meeting tomorrow.
2.5 Concord of Others
1. PRINCIPLES OF COCORD
Grammatical
Concord Notional Concord Principle of Proximity
1.1 GRAMATICAL CONCORD
大学生英语教材第一册
大学生英语教材第一册IntroductionThe first book of college English textbook is an essential learning material for college students studying English as a second language. In this article, we will explore the content and format of the first book, highlighting its importance and relevance to the needs of college students.Chapter 1: Introduction to English LearningThis chapter serves as an introduction to English learning for college students. It covers the basic concepts of language acquisition, the importance of English proficiency, and the role of the first book in developing language skills.Chapter 2: Phonetics and PhonologyThe second chapter focuses on phonetics and phonology, helping students understand the sounds and pronunciation of English. It introduces the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) and provides exercises to enhance listening and speaking abilities.Chapter 3: Vocabulary BuildingBuilding a strong vocabulary is crucial for effective communication. This chapter presents various methods for expanding one's vocabulary, including word formation, context clues, and the use of dictionaries. It also provides practice exercises to reinforce learning.Chapter 4: Grammar and Sentence StructureChapter four delves into the fundamentals of English grammar and sentence structure. It covers parts of speech, verb tenses, sentence patterns, and common grammatical errors. The chapter provides comprehensive explanations and exercises to improve grammatical accuracy.Chapter 5: Reading and ComprehensionDeveloping reading skills is essential for understanding written English. This chapter introduces different reading strategies, such as skimming, scanning, and inferencing. It includes a variety of texts, such as news articles, essays, and short stories, to enhance comprehension skills.Chapter 6: Writing SkillsWriting skills are crucial for academic and professional success. This chapter focuses on various writing elements, including organizing ideas, constructing paragraphs, and developing argumentative essays. It also provides guidance on proper grammar and vocabulary usage in writing.Chapter 7: Listening and SpeakingEffective listening and speaking skills are essential for communication in both academic and social settings. This chapter provides listening materials, such as dialogues and speeches, to enhance comprehension. It also offers speaking activities to improve fluency and pronunciation.Chapter 8: Cultural InsightsUnderstanding cultural differences plays a significant role in effective communication. This chapter explores cultural topics to promote intercultural competence among students. It discusses cultural aspects suchas greetings, gestures, and traditions, providing students with a broader cultural understanding.ConclusionThe first book of the college English textbook is a comprehensive guide for college students to develop their English language skills. With its diverse content, well-structured lessons, and ample opportunities for practice, it equips students with the necessary tools to succeed in their English learning journey. By mastering the material in this book, college students will be well-prepared to communicate confidently and effectively in English-speaking environments.。
语言学简明教程Chapter 2
12
What’s the properties of every speech sound? What state is the speech organ when a particular sound is produced? How many organs are concerned? How do speech sounds differ from each other? Properties of Consonants 1. The state of the vocal cords (voicing: voiced/voiceless): voiced: [b] [d] [g] [v] [z] [ ] [ ] [ ] etc. voiceless: [p] [t] [k] [f] [s] [ ] [ ] [ ] etc. They are the only voiceless consonants in English (8), and vowels are all voiced. 2. The position of the velum (nasality: nasal/oral) In English, the three sounds [ ], [n], and [ ] are nasal. All the other sounds are oral.
②
③
④
approximants: [
], [w], [l], [r], [h].
The Description of English consonants
①
stops/plosives: [p], [b], [t], [d], [k], [g]; fricatives: [ ], [v], [s], [z], [ ], [ ], [ ], [ Forcing aair through a narrow passage,ofbut and ②. slowly ]; narrow passage. A combination ① release through
班班幼儿园第二章英文
班班幼儿园第二章英文Chapter 2: English at Banban KindergartenIntroduction:English language learning is an important aspect of education at Banban Kindergarten. In Chapter 2, we will explore the various methods and strategies used to teach English to our young learners. The curriculum is designed to provide a comprehensive and engaging English learning experience, focusing on four key areas: listening, speaking, reading, and writing. Through a combination of interactive activities, games, and songs, children develop their English language skills in a fun and stimulating environment.Listening:At Banban Kindergarten, listening skills are developed through various activities that encourage active listening and comprehension. Teachers use audio materials, such as English stories or songs, to expose children to different accents, intonations, and vocabulary. This helps them to develop their listening skills and comprehension abilities gradually.Additionally, teachers engage students in classroom discussions, group activities, and storytelling sessions, which further enhance their listening skills. By actively participating in these activities, children become more confident in their ability to understand spoken English.Speaking:To foster speaking skills, teachers at Banban Kindergarten use a communicative approach. From the moment children step into the classroom, English is the primary language of instruction. Teachers use simple, clear language and encourage children to express themselves in English. Activities such as role-plays, pair work, and games are incorporated into the curriculum to encourage children to speak confidently and fluently. Through frequent practice and positive reinforcement, children gradually gain confidence in using English to communicate with their teachers and peers.Reading:Reading is an essential part of language development, and at Banban Kindergarten, we aim to cultivate a love for reading in our students. The curriculum includes a wide range of storybooks, picture books, and leveled readers that are suitablefor young learners. Teachers create a welcoming reading corner within the classroom, stocked with books that cater to different reading abilities and interests. Through shared reading sessions, guided reading activities, and independent reading time, children develop reading skills such as phonics, word recognition, and comprehension. The goal is to instill a lifelong love for reading and provide a solid foundation in literacy.Writing:Writing skills are introduced gradually at Banban Kindergarten, beginning with the basics of letter formation and phonics. Teachers provide guided writing activities and encourage children to write simple sentences and short paragraphs. Through interactive writing exercises, children learn to express their ideas and thoughts in English, gradually improving their writing abilities. Teachers provide constructive feedback and assist students in improving their grammar, vocabulary, and sentence structure. The focus is on creating a positive and supportive environment that encourages children to practice and develop their writing skills.Assessment:At Banban Kindergarten, assessment is an integral part of thelearning process. Teachers use a variety of assessment methods to track each child's progress and identify areas for improvement. These methods include observation, informal assessments, and periodic tests. Teachers provide feedback to both students and parents regularly, highlighting areas of strength and areas that need improvement. This feedback helps parents to stay informed about their child's progress and actively engage in their English language learning journey.Conclusion:English language learning at Banban Kindergarten is designedto be an immersive and enjoyable experience for young learners. By focusing on listening, speaking, reading, and writing skills, children develop a solid foundation in English language proficiency. Through a combination of interactive activities, engaging materials, and skilled teachers, students gain confidence in using English to communicate effectively. The goal is to equip children with the necessary language skills to succeed in their future academic endeavors and beyond.。
江苏省镇江句容市(三年)七年级下学期期中考试英语试卷分类汇编：阅读理解专题
江苏省镇江句容市2019-2021年（三年）七年级第二学期期中考试英语试卷分类汇编阅读理解专题江苏省镇江市句容市2020-2021学年七年级下学期期中学情分析英语试卷四、阅读理解（共10小题；每小题2分, 满分20分）阅读下面的三篇短文，根据短文内容，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择最佳答案。
AStudy the contents (目录) page of a book and choose the right answer to each of the following questions.ContentsPart IThe history and culture of DantuChapter 1 The long history of Dantu (1)Chapter 2 The rich culture of Dantu (17)Part IIThe development (发展) of Dantu in the past 40 yeasChapter 3 Buildings and st reets (32)Chapter 4 Roads and traffic (46)Chapter 5 Food and drinks (58)Chapter 6 Companies and factories (71)Chapter 7 Parks and shopping malls (86)Part IIIChapter 8 Plans for the future (101)Part IVTo our readers (121)51. Which part should you read if you want to know some old stories of Dantu?A. Part I.B. Part II.C. Part III.D. Part IV.52. If you want to introduce some parks to visitors to Dantu, which chapter should you read?A. Chapter 4.B. Chapter 5.C. Chapter 6.D. Chapter 7.53. Which of the following may NOT be included in Part IV?A. How much is the book?B. How do they write the book?C. Why do they write this book?D. What can you get from the book?BOften, there are noisy (吵闹的) neighbors where many people live close together. And this can be more of a problem when you share walls, floors or ceilings with neighbors in a flat. A noisy neighbor can make life difficult, especially if noise (噪音) goes well into night, or happens during early morning hours. How can we well deal with (处理) the problem? Just try the steps below.You should first try to tell your noisy neighbors about the noise. When doing so, you should be polite, even friendly. You can begin like this, “I am not sure whether you know or not.” Then tell the neighbors the problem in an honest way, and ask them to turn down the music, or not to hold parties until 3 a.m. At the end, you can say that you know they hear your noise too, and that you will take care with your behavior (行为) to make as little noise as possible.You should know that not all neighbors are going to follow your requirement (要求), and some may act in a bad manner. If the noisy neighbors don’t change their behavior, the next step should be tonoise was quite terrible. For example, if your neighbor has noisy parties every Friday night that go on into the early morning then write down those dates.If the noise keeps going on, you should report it to local authorities (权力部门), or even the police station.Remember that you cannot always require noisy neighbors to be quiet. If you have finished the steps and letter but the noise keeps going on, don’t start hitting walls in your home or turning up the music to make your neighbors angry. Just have patience and remember that communication is the most important.54. According to the writer, which of the following is NOT true?A. Being polite and friendly may help when dealing with the problem.B. Saying you yourself will make little noise may help when dealing with the problem.C. Writing down the noisy dates in the letter may help when dealing with the problem.D. Hitting the walls or turning up the music may help when dealing with the problem.55. What does the underlined word in the last paragraph most probably mean?A. 沟通B. 报警C. 斗争D. 冷静56. Which of the following is the best title for the passage above?A.What’s life like with noisy neighbors?B. How should you talk to your noisy neighbors?C. What should you write to your noisy neighbors?D. How should you deal with your noisy neighbors?CSmart phones have become part of our daily lives. However, to protect young students’ eyesight, make sure they spend enough time on their school work and help them fight the addiction (瘾) to the internet and games, primary and middle schools will have more rules to limit (限制) students’ mobile phone use at school in January.According to a notice from the Ministry of Education in January, primary and middle school students shall be limited from carrying phones to school. Those who still want to bring their phones to school must get their parents’ approval (许可) and hand their phones over during class time.A report by the China Internet Network Information Center in 2020 shows that China had 175 million internet users under the age of 18 in 2019, with 74 percent having their own smart phones.This is worrying because long-time use of smart phones is bad for children’s eyesight, cervical vertebrae and even the brain, according to the World Health Organization.On Feb 19, a notice from Beijing Municipal Education Commission required all local primary and middle schools to include rules on smart phone use in school management. Schools should make clear where, how and who will take care of the phones for students who have received approval to bring them.Many schools have taken steps to limit students’ phone use. According to Zhou Dandan, an English teacher at Beijing No.2 High School, every classroom in her school has a box for students to keep their phones during class.57. What’s the function (作用) of the underlined word in paragraph one?A. 表递进B. 表转折C. 表并列D. 表举例58. From the passage we know that ▲.A. all students must leave their phones at home before going to schoolB. in 2019 about 129 million internet users under 18 had their own smart phonesC. long-time use of smart phones is only bad for children’s eyesightD. schools won’t look after the smart phones students bring to school59. Why does the writer speak of Teacher Zhou Dandan?A. To show she is a good teacher.B. To show her ideas on the limit.C. To show readers an example.D. To show she is from Beijing.60. What does the passage mainly tell us?A. Schools will have more rules to limit students’ smart phone use.B. Our country and schools take good care of students.C. Long-time use of smart phones is very bad for students.D. Students mustn’t use smart phones at school at all.阅读理解（每题2分，共20分）51--53 ADA 54--56 DAD 57--60 BBCA江苏省镇江市句容市2019-2020学年七年级下学期期中学情检测英语试题四、阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2分，满分20分）AA. OneB. TwoC. SevenD. Five 47. Lin’s parents take Lin a nd her little brother to the City Museum, Lin is 12 and her little brother is 6, they should pay .A. $ 14B. $17C. $11D. $1948. If Jack goes to the museum from the railway station at 8:30 a.m. on Monday, he canto save time. A. walk there B. take the undergroundC. take a taxiD. take a busBThe students in the United States think that the long summer holiday can be a great time to learn or to do some new things. Here are some ways for you to plan an interesting summer holiday.Taking time outThe summer holiday can be a great time to do something for the next school year. You can have some time to think about your wish. That’s important for you .Being a volunteerAre you thinking about helping others? The summer holiday gives you time to do something for them. Helping others can make you happy. You can also make new friends when working as a volunteer.ReadingDon’t let your brain (大脑) get lazy. You need to make your brain run. Visit the library or bookstore and find books that are interesting for you. You can learn a lot from books.Other thingsThink about other things you wish to do. Write a book? Study English? Get a job? Make a trip to some interesting places?Now it’s time to talk to your parents about your holiday plan. Then have a great summer holiday!49. The summer holiday is a great time to .A. meet old friendsB. play with parentsC. think about othersD. do some new things50. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A. It’s terrible to think about your wish in the summer holiday.B. It’s good for you to help others in the summer holiday.C. Visiting the library or bookstore is usually boring.D. Parents need to make holiday plans for their children.51. The passage mainly talks about .A. students in the United StatesB. the plan for the summer holidayC. interesting books and placesD. how to learn new thingsCAfter I graduated (毕业) from middle school, I went to Tamarindo Beach (海滩) with some of my classmates. That was my first time to the beach, so I still remember it after two years.We left at 6 a.m. to Tamarindo and arrived at about 10 a.m. As soon as we got to the hotel, we bought some ice cream to eat. It was too hot. Then we had a good sleep. In the afternoon, we began to enjoy our great trip. We played beach volleyball on the beach for one hour and then swam in the swimming pool of the hotel. Before the dinner we watched the sunset (日落). It was beautiful and we told stories about our lives and talked about our dreams. It was a cool day for all of us.The next morning we took a bike and rode to another beach. We took many funny pictures along the way. When we rode to the Conchal Beach, we spent the rest (剩下的) time of the day there. The Conchal Beach was very beautiful and there were not many people. We went fishing in the afternoon and watched stars on the beach at night. We feel tired but happy on the second day.On the third day, we got up early and went back home.52. When did the writer go to the beach for the first time?A. When he was two.B. When he was in Grade Two.C. Two years before.D. Before he graduated from middle school.53. What is the right order (顺序) of activities on the first day?① played beach volleyball ② ate ice cream ③ had dinner ④ watched the sunset⑤ swam in the swimming poolA. ②①⑤④③B. ②①⑤③④C. ②⑤①③④D. ②⑤④③①54. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A. They spent five hours to get to Tamarindo.B. They went fishing on the second day.C. They saw many people on the Conchal Beach.D. They went back home in the evening.55. What is the best title for the passage?A. A happy day on the beachB. I want to go to the beachC. My first trip to the beachD. Welcome to Tamarindo Beach四、阅读理解(共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分)46-50 CDBDB 51-55 BCABC江苏省镇江市句容市2018-2019学年七年级下学期期中学情分析英语试题四、阅读理解 (共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分)( A ).A. 010-6699 6644B. 010-6697 3219C. 010-6699 9977D. 010-6699 383447. My father is a member of Sunshine Theatre, he will pay when he watches a play there.A. ￥15B. ￥20C. ￥30D. ￥4048. Mrs. Wang will go to Sunshine Modern Cinema for a film with her 65-year-old father and her13-year-old little son, she should pay .A. ￥80B. ￥90C. ￥110D. ￥120( B )How much do you know about school life in Singapore?In Singapore, many middle school students spend a lot of time on their studies. People there always think that good schooling is the ticket to success (成功). So, many of these students try their best to get good results in their exams. They have a lot of homework every day and exams are usually a big problem to them. Sometimes, a few even have to go to evening classes after school. Schools have many activities outside school hours. The students can join in sports and games, music and dance, swimming and rock climbing. They also join in community service.In their free time, most students like to listen to pop music. Hollywood movies, Hong Kong and Singapore movies are very popular, too. Many of them also spend their free time searching the Internet, chatting with their friends, playing computer and video games. They sometimes go to cafes, fast-foodSo life for middle school students in Singapore is not easy but rich and colorful.49.What do people in Singapore always think is the ticket to success?A. A good school.B. Good schooling.C. Doing much homework.D. Having evening classes.50. Students in Singapore have many activities outside school hours. Which of the followingactivities are NOT mentioned (提及)?A. Doing sports and playing games.B. Listening to music and dancing.C. Going swimming.D. Visiting museums.51. The passage tells us that many students in Singapore would like to .A. go swimmingB. write letters to their friendsC. read books in big bookstoresD. get good results in the exams( C )Anne and Joseph are talking about an interesting question. Why do some people change (改变) their names? There can be many reasons. Hanna changed her name to Anne because she thought it would be easier for people to remember. On the other hand, Joseph is thinking about changing his name to an unusual (不寻常的) name because he wants to be different.People have a lot of reasons for changing their names. Film stars, singers, sportsmen and some other famous people often change their names because they want names that are not ordinary (普通的), or that have special (特殊的) sound. They chose the “new name” for themselves instead of (代替) the name their parents gave them when they were born.Some people have another reason for changing their names. They have moved to a new country and want to use a name that is usual there. For example, Li Kaiming changed his name to Ken Lee when he moved to the United States. He uses the name Ken at his job and at school. But with his family and Chinese friends, he uses Li Kaiming. For some people, using different names makes life easier in their new country.In many countries, a woman changes her family name to her husband’s after she gets married (结婚). But today, many women are keeping their own family name and not using their husband’s. Sometimes, women use their own name in some situations (情况) and their husband’s in other situations. And some use both their own name and their husband’s.52.Hanna changes her name to Anne because “Anne” is for people to remember.A. louderB. easierC. prettierD. hard53. Famous people want their new names to .A. have special soundB. be ordinaryC. have no meaningD. be unknown54. Mr. Li uses his new name when he .A. stays with his familyB. is at his jobC. is among Chinese friendsD. comes back to China55. What is the best title (标题) of this passage?A. Family namesB. Women’s namesC. Changing namesD. Special names四、阅读理解 (共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分)46-50 DCABD 51-55 DBABC。
语言学chapter2课后练习答案
Chapter 2Revision exercises reference1.What are the two major media of communication? Of the two, which one isprimary and why?Refer to section 2.1The two major media of communication are speech and writing. Of the two, speech is considered primary for the following reasons: 1) from the point of view of linguistic evolution, speech is prior to writing. The writing system of any language is always a later invention. 2) In everyday communication, speech conveys a greater amount of information than writing. 3) Speech is always the way in which every native speaker acquires his mother tongue, and writing is learned and taught later as part of formal education.2.What is voicing and how is it caused?Refer to section 2.2.2 (1)V oicing is a phonetic feature of some speech sounds. It is caused by the vibration of the speaker's vocal cords when he produces a certain sound. If a sound bears this feature, it is voiced. If such a feature is absent in the pronunciation of a sound, it is voiceless. All vowels in English are voiced; and some consonants in English are voiced such as [d] and [v] while others are voiceless such as [p] and [s].3.Explain with examples how broad transcription and narrow transcriptiondiffer.Both broad and narrow transcriptions are ways to transcribe speech sounds, i.e.ways of using written symbols to represent speech sounds. In broad transcription, only the letter symbols are used, and the principle is to use one letter for onesound, such as [P] and [I]. In narrow transcription, a set of symbols calleddiacritics are added to the letter symbols to show the finer differences between similar sounds, such as[P h] and [ɫ].4.How are the English consonants classified?As in the pronunciation of consonants the air stream coming from the lungs is somehow obstructed, it is possible and also necessary to classify them in terms of manner of articulation and place of articulation. In terms of manner of obstruction, the consonants are classified into the following groups: stops, fricatives, affricates, liquids, nasals and glides. In terms of place of obstruction, the consonants are classified into the following groups: bilabial, labiodental, dental, alveolar, palatal, velar, and glottal.5.What criteria are used to classify the English vowels?To classify the English vowels, the following criteria can be applied: position of the tongue, openness of the mouth, length of the vowels, and the shape of the lips.According to the position of the tongue, the vowels are classified into front, central and back vowels; according to the openness of the mouth, the vowels are classified into close, semi-close, semi-open, and open vowels; and according to the length of the vowels, they are classified into long vowels and short vowels;and according to the shape of the lips, and the vowels are classified into rounded and unrounded vowels.6.Give the phonetic symbol for each of the following sound descriptions:1)voiced palatal affricate--- [dʒ]2)voiceless labiodental fricative---[f]3)voiced alveolar stop---[d]4)front, close, short---[i]5)back ,semi-open, long ---[ɔ:]6)voiceless bilabial stop---[p]Given the phonetic features of each of the following sounds:1)[d]---voiced alveolar stop2)[l]---voiced alveolar liquid3)[tʃ]---voiceless palatal/alveolar affricate4)[w]---voiced bilabial glide5)[u]---back,close,short(rounded)6)[æ]---front,short,open(unrounded)7.How do phonetics and phonology differ in their focus of study? Who do youthink will be more interested in the difference between, say, [l]and[ɫ], [pʰ]and[P],a phonetician or a phonologist? Why?Refer to section 2.3.1Though both dealing with speech sounds, phonetics and phonology differ in their focus of study in that the former focuses on the speech sounds themselves, their ways of pronunciation, their differences, their classifications, etc., while the latter focuses on the sound system of particular languages and the role sounds play in conveying meaning. Therefore, a phonetician will be more interested in the difference between two sounds.8.What is a phone? How is it different from a phoneme? How are allophonesrelated to a phoneme?Refer to section 2.3.2A phone is simply a speech sound, every actual sound we use or hear inmeaningful linguistic communication. For example, in pronouncing the two words “feel” and “leaf”, we actually use or hear four phones:[f][i:][l]and[~l].A phone differs from a phoneme in that the former is an actual sound we hear andit is the unit of study in phonetics, and the latter is not an audible sound, but an abstract entity, a collection of phonetic features, used as a unit of study in phonology. Take the “feel” and “leaf” example again. While four phones are used or heard in the pronunciation of these two words, only three phonemes are involved, i.e. /f/ /i: / and /l/.A phoneme, though as an abstract entity, is realized as different phones indifferent phonetic contexts. All these different phones are called the allophones of the same one phoneme. For example, the aspirated [pʰ] and the unaspirated [p] are allophones of the same phoneme/p/.9.Explain with examples the sequential rules, the assimilation rule, and thedeletion rule.Sequential rules are rules that govern the combination of sounds in a particular language. For exam ple, why “klib” is a permissible combination of the four sounds in English and why “kbli” is not can only be accounted for by a sequential rule.The assimilation rule assimilates one sound to another by “copying” a feature of a sequential phoneme, thus making the two phones similar. For example, the actual pronunciation of the letter “n” in the word “ incorrect” is not the alveolar [n] but the velar nasal [ŋ] is a manifestation of the assimilation rule at work.The deletion tells us when a sound is deleted although it is orthographically represented. For example, in the pronunciation of such words as sign, design, and paradigm, there is no [g] sound although it is represented in spelling by the letterg. But in their corresponding noun forms signature, designation and paradigmatic,the [g] represented by the letter g is pronounced.10.What are Suprasegmental features? How do the major Suprasegmentalfeatures of English function in conveying meaning?Suprasegmental features refer to those phonological features occurring above the sound segment level. The major Suprasegmental features in English are stress and intonation. The shift of word stress may change the part of speech of words of the same spelling, such as “'progress n.” and “pro'gress v.” , and different stress may cause difference in the meaning of some compound nouns and noun phrases with the same components, such as “'hotdog” and “hot 'dog”. Stressing words that are normally unstressed in a sentence may convey some extra meaning by the speaker.For exam ple, by stressing the pronoun “my” in the sentence “He is driving 'my car” the speaker is emphasizing the fact that the car he is driving is no one else`s but the speaker`s.The three often-used intonations in English are the falling tone, the rising tone, and the fall-rise tone. The basic role they each play is that the falling tone states a fact, the rising tone raises a question, and the fall-raise tone implies some meaning not literally expressed. For example, the same sentence “That`s not the book he w ants” said in the three different intonations convey three different meanings.Supplementary ExercisesI. Decide whether each of the following statements is True or False:1.If two phonetically similar sounds occur in the same environments and they distinguishmeaning, they are said to be in complementary distribution.2. A phone is a phonetic unit that distinguishes meaning.3.English is a tone language while Chinese is not.4.In linguistic evolution, speech is prior to writing.5.In everyday communication, speech plays a greater role than writing in terms of the amountof information conveyed.6.Articulatory phonetics tries to describe the physical properties of the stream of sounds whicha speaker issues with the help of a machine called spectrograph.7.The articulatory apparatus of a human being are contained in three important areas: the throat,the mouth and the chest.8.Vibration of the vocal cords results in a quality of speech sounds called voicing.9.English consonants can be classified in terms of place of articulation and the part of thetongue that is raised the highest.10.According to the manner of articulation, some of the types into which the consonants can beclassified are stops, fricatives, bilabial and alveolar.11.Any sound produced by a human being is a phoneme.12.Distinctive features of sound segments can be found running over a sequence of two or morephonemic segments.II. Fill in each of the following blanks with one word which begins with the letter given:13. A ____ refers to a strong puff of air stream in the production of speech sounds.14.The four sounds /p/,/b/,/m/ and /w/ have one feature in common, i.e., they are all b_______sounds.15.S_________ features are the phonemic features that occur above the level of the segments.They include stress, tone, intonation, etc.16.The rules that govern the combination of sounds in a particular language are called s ____rules.17.P___________ is a discipline which studies the system of sounds of a particular language andhow sounds are combined into meaningful units to effect linguistic communication.18.Depending on the context in which stress is considered, there are two kinds of stress: wordstress and s_________ stress.III. There are four choices following each of the statements below. Mark the choice that can best complete the statement:19.Of all the speech organs, the _______ is/ are the most flexible.A. mouthB. lipsC. tongueD. vocal cords20.__________ is a voiced alveolar stop.A. /z/B. /d/C. /k/D. /b/21.Since /p/ and /b/ are phonetically similar, occur in the same environments and they candistinguish meaning, they are said to be ___________.A. in phonemic contrastB. in complementary distributionC. the allophonesD. minimal pair22. A ____ vowel is one that is produced with the front part of the tongue maintaining the highestposition.A. backB. centralC. frontD. middle23.Distinctive features can be found running over a sequence of two or more phonemicsegments. The phonemic features that occur above the level of the segments are called ____________.A. phonetic componentsB. immediate constituentsC. Suprasegmental featuresD. semantic features24.A(n) ___________ is a unit that is of distinctive value. It is an abstract unit, a collection ofdistinctive phonetic features.A. phoneB. soundC. allophoneD. phoneme。
句子翻译绿色单词chapter 1--7
根据中文提示完成句子，每空一词。
（Chapter 1）1.在我遇到困难的时候，他总能给我一些宝贵的意见。
When I am in trouble, he can always give ______ some ________ advice.2.放学前我们一定要把教室打扫干净。
We have to ________ _______ the classroom before school is over.3.他看看四周，但是没发现一个人。
He ________ ________ but found nobody here.4.对于我们而言，努力学习很重要。
It’s very important _______ us _______ _______ ________.5.水最终流入了海洋。
Water _________ ________ the sea in the end.6. 这首歌曲听起来很优美。
The song _________ __________.7.记住不要浪费或者污染自然资源。
Remember not to ________ or _________ the natural resources.8.我一直等到12点钟，但他没有来。
I _________ ________ twelve o’clock, but he didn’t come.9.他摇了摇头，以示对我观点的不赞同。
He _________ _________ ________. This meant that he didn’t agree with me.10.水覆盖了地球三分之二的面积。
Water covers about ________ ________ of Earth.11.我们起初计划去伦敦，但是最后改变了主意。
We planned to go to London _______________ _______ ________,but we changed our mind finally.根据中文提示完成句子，每空一词。
Chapter_2
2.1.3 Filters, Ripple Voltage, and Diode Current
Assume rf=rd=0, vC(0+)=0,R->∞
Chapter 2-14
Positive input voltage and initial portion of output voltage
Chapter 2-3
2.1 Rectifier Circuits Rectification is the process of converting an alternating (ac) voltage into one that is limited to one polarity. Rectification is classified as half-wave or full-wave with half-wave being the simpler and full-wave more efficient.
Chapter 2-4
Block Diagram for ac to dc Converter
The diode rectifier and voltage regulator are diode circuits.
Chapter 2-5
2.1.1 Half-Wave Rectifier
Voltage Transfer Characteristics
Chapter 2-40
EX2.1 P98 EX2.10
Chapter 2-41
Ex2.2 P99 EX2.11
Chapter 2-42
Ex2.3 Determine the value of R required to limit the current (10mA) in the circuit when the input is in the low state (0.2V). (Vr=1.7V).
英语语言学教程Chapter_2_PPT
The three main areas of the study of sounds
Articulatory phonetics is the study of the production of speech sounds Acoustic phonetics is the study of the physical properties of speech sounds Perceptual or auditory phonetics is concerned with the perception of speech sounds
The international phonetic alphabet (P.28)
2.2 Consonants and vowels (p. 29-37)
Consonants are sounds made by a closure or narrowing in the vocal tract so that the airflow is either completely blocked, or so restricted that audible friction is produced. A vowel is produced without such “stricture” so that „air escapes in a relatively unimpeded way through the mouth and nose.” (Crystal, 1997: 154)
Lateral （边音 / 舌边音） [l] ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้ncomplete closure between one or both sides of the tongue and the roof of the mouth
英语专四练习sublist 2 exercise with keys
Sublist 2achieve acquisition administration affect appropriate aspects assistance categories chapter commission community complex computer conclusion conduct consequences construction consumer credit culturaldesign distinction elements equation evaluation features final focus impact injuryinstitute investment items journal maintenance normal obtained participation perceived positive potential previous primary purchase rangeregion regulations relevant resident resources restricted security sought select sitestrategies survey text traditional transferExercise 1assist evaluate credit primary compute resident achieve institute obtain site1. He _______________ a final mark of just over 80%. obtained2. If I can _______________ you in any way, please let me know. assist3. We have to give her a lot of _______________ for our success. credit4. The government is looking for a _______________ on which to build a new school in this area. site5. The _______________ reason he has done so well at school is that he works incredibly hard. primary6. Firemen had to evacuate the elderly _______________ of a local nursing home after smoke was seen coming from one of the rooms. residents7. If you want to _______________ real progress in your speaking skills, you need to speak English as often as possible while you are here. achieve8. The English Program has _______________ many changes over the years in an attempt to provide an increasingly better program. instituted9. The results of the poll have now been _______________, and will be distributed to the news media this afternoon. computed10. Every employee's work performance will be _______________ on a yearly basis. evaluated11. Mikhail Gorbachev is _______________ with helping to bring about the end of communism in Europe. credited12. She _______________ the doctor during the operation. assisted13. _______________ valid results is a major goal of all research. achieving14. World chess champion Gary Kasparov was recently beaten by a machine which was able to _______________ its moves almost instantly. compute15. Teachers in the program are _______________ by the students at the end of each session. evaluated16. Fire crews rushed to the _______________ of the plane crash. site17. Vitamins are best _______________ through fresh fruit and vegetables, rather than by takingpills. obtained18. Calcium is the _______________ mineral needed for building and maintaining strong bones. primary19. Local _______________ are delighted with the new water park for children. residents20. The government has _______________ a couple of changes to the driver's licensing procedure in an attempt to reduce the number of accidents involving new drivers. instituted Exercise 2feature resources category participate invest conclude acquire purchase strategy culture1. She won awards in both the best female vocalist, and best album of the year _______________. categories2. In the _______________ of Japan, people bow to each other when they meet. culture3. Steven Spielberg announced the release of his newest film, _______________ Tom Cruise, at the film festival. featuring4. Did you _______________ anything of value while you were travelling in the U.S.? purchase5. Before _______________ in a new dictionary, look up a couple of words in a few different ones so you can see which one has the clearest definitions. investing6. In this course we will be teaching you a number of different _______________ which will help you learn to read more quickly in English. strategies7. ESL students in this program are encouraged to _______________ in as many activities as possible in order to get to know people, and practise speaking English. participate8. Karla had _______________ a bit of an English accent after living in London for 5 years. acquired9. If you are giving a speech, remember that if you _______________ five minutes early, your audience will be quite happy, but if you _______________ five minutes late, they may be angry or impatient. conclude10. Canada is a country which is rich in natural _______________ such as lumber, fish, and clean water. resources11. Malaysia's natural resources fall into three basic _______________: agricultural, mineral, and energy. categories12. Parrots, most famous of all talking birds, rarely _______________ a vocabulary of more than twenty words. acquire13. The bacteria _______________ that we examined under the microscope was actually quite beautiful to look at. culture14. This company needs to _______________ in new machinery if it wants to survive. invest15. Paul Nation has noted that the most successful second language students are those who use several different vocabulary learning _______________. strategies16. The landscape of our planet is dominated by _______________ formed by running water. features17. The American Psychological Association has _______________ that viewing violence on TV promotes aggressive behaviour in children. concluded18. Our company simply doesn't have the _______________ to take on a project of that size. resources19. Everyone who _______________ in the run will receive a free T-shirt. participates20. It is said that the island of Manhattan was _______________ from the native people of the area for about $24 worth of goods. purchasedExercise 3restrict perceive chapter conduct surveydesign range administer final item1. She is currently working on _______________ a new publicity campaign for the local department store. designing2. The government is _______________ tests of a drug that may prove useful in the fight against AIDS. conducting3. I read the first _______________ of the book last night, and it seems pretty good. chapter4. During the experiment, the drug was _______________ to a monkey, and the results were studied. administered5. You should make up a list of the _______________ you want to take with you on your trip. items6. There is a wide _______________ of abilities in our tennis club, from absolute beginners to those who have played professionally. range7. Traffic in these lanes is _______________ to vehicles with 3 or more passengers. restricted8. Children do not always _______________ the relationship between success and effort in the things they do. perceive9. A recent telephone _______________ of over 1,000 households revealed that over 70% of Canadian families now recycle. survey10. All the students were dressed up for the _______________ banquet. final11. We need to make up an _______________ list of everything required before beginning work on building the playground. itemized12. His divorce marked the beginning of a new _______________ in his life. chapter13. Although we cannot count every star in our galaxy, we can take a _______________ in the region of space near our sun. survey14. She was wearing a beautiful black dress with a _______________ of red roses down the side. design15. A large fence _______________ access to the area. restricts16. In response to Indian nuclear weapons testing, Pakistan _______________ its own tests in 1998. conducted17. The Cayman Islands have been _______________ by Jamaica since 1863. administered18. We _______________ the contract this afternoon. finalized19. Summertime temperatures in this region _______________ between 20 and 30 degrees. range20. Cigarette smoking is widely _______________ as being the most serious health issue in society today. perceivedExercise 4positive affected focus region commission distinct journal consequence secure text1. He broke the law, and now he has to face the _______________ of his actions. consequences2. The local government has _______________ a study to see if it is worth trying to save some of the old historic buildings downtown. commissioned3. Japan covers four _______________ climate zones, from the tropics of Okinawa to the snow country of the far north. distinct4. The results of the experiment were published in an important chemistry _______________. journal5. Her brother has just tested _______________ for AIDS, so she is very upset. positive6. You are trying to do too many things at once. It would be better to just _______________ on one thing in order to do it properly. focus7. The professor's lecture just repeated what is written in our assigned _______________. text8. His job doesn't pay very well, but it is very _______________, so he doesn't really want to give it up. secure9. The economy of Canada has been _______________ a great deal by the Asian economic crisis. affected10. In some _______________ of Canada, winter lasts more than half the year. regions11. Make sure you _______________ the boat with a good rope or it will float away. secure12. On November 3rd, 1507, the great Leonardo DaVinci was _______________ to paint the portrait that is known today as the Mona Lisa. commissioned13. We went on a wonderful tour of the wine-producing _______________ of British Columbia last summer. regions14. His outlook on life became much more _______________ once he found a job, and began getting a regular salary. positive15. The centre of the planet Earth is believed to consist of two _______________ parts, with a liquid outer core surrounding a solid inner core. distinct16. The children were greatly _______________ by the divorce of their parents. affected17. If mankind fails to address the problem of pollution, future generations will face the terrible _______________ of our inaction. consequences18. Sue is planning to study _______________, and hopes to become a television news reporter. journalism19. My photos didn't turn out very well. I think my hand must have been shaking a little bit because they're all out of _______________. focus20. The Internet can be used to access huge amounts of information in the form of _______________, graphics, sound, and video. textExercise 5construct impact potential maintain tradition appropriate seek element regulate community1. Changes in the American economy generally have a serious _______________ on our economy here in Canada. impact2. Most immigrants to Canada try to preserve the culture and _______________ of their home country for their children. traditions3. Water and salt both work to _______________ the water content of the body. regulate4. People in this _______________ want to keep the area safe for children to play in. community5. I don't really think that it is _______________ to wear jeans to the office. appropriate6. The Great Wall of China was _______________ to keep out enemy invaders. constructed7. There are 109 different _______________ in the Periodic Table in chemistry. elements8. Tian Hsu works hard to _______________ close friendships with the students she studied with in London. maintain9. My great-grandfather came to Boston to _______________ his fortune in the early 1800s. seek10. Scientists are only beginning to recognize the _______________ benefits of using ocean tides as a source of endless, clean energy. potential11. Some of the vocabulary which we are studying is slang, and is not _______________ in certain situations. appropriate12. The black _______________ is protesting the treatment of black youths arrested by police in recent months. community13. Aristotle believed that the universe is composed of 4 _______________: earth, air, fire and water. elements14. Women in Japan usually wear a _______________ wedding kimono for at least part of their marriage ceremony. traditional15. Some people think that access to the Internet should be _______________ so that children are not exposed to pornography. regulated16. All the extra-terrestrials were killed by the _______________ when their spaceship slammed into the Eiffel Tower. impact17. Bill Gates has _______________ the largest computer empire in the world. constructed18. Buddhism teaches that the _______________ to become a Buddha is already contained within us. potential19. Two masked men are being _______________ by police for robbing a number of convenience stores. sought20. The city can no longer afford to _______________ the zoo, and will sell all the animals that are remaining. maintainExercise 6aspect injure normal transfer complex relevant previous equate select consume1. Our new washing machine _______________ about half the electricity of our old model.consumes2. The issue is much too _______________ for me to understand. complex3. We need to really look at all the _______________ of this deal before we decide whetheror not to accept it. aspects4. In a _______________ week, you can expect to study between 15-20 items of vocabularyin this class. normal5. She _______________ her back lifting a heavy box while she was moving into her new apartment. injured6. Our _______________ house was much smaller than this new one. previous7. She has just been _______________ as a member of Canada's Olympic volleyball team. selected8. Talking about the personal life of employees is not _______________ to a discussion of their ability to do their job. relevant9. We moved from Halifax to Vancouver when my father's company _______________ him to their main office out here. transferred10. Many people _______________ Canada with snow, but in the city where I live, sometimes we don't get any snow all winter. equate11. Patricia Chan has been _______________ to represent this company at the New York conference. selected12. Politics are too _______________ for me to understand, and I don't even know who to vote for. complex13. Teaching students to have realistic expectations is an important _______________ of second language instruction. aspect14. An adult grey whale _______________ about 1,100 kilograms of food per day. consumes15. Please ensure that you attach all the _______________ documents to your application. relevant16. The African continent is often _______________ with images of starving children, but many of the people there live quite comfortably. equated17. The original inhabitants of New Zealand, the Maori, _______________ their history down the generations largely by word of mouth. transferred18. His knee _______________ prevented him from playing professional basketball. injury19. Other than the fact that he was born with two heads, he is a fairly _______________ sort of guy. normal20. On April 15th, 1865, American president Abraham Lincoln died after being shot in the head the _______________ night. previous。
香港朗文2Bchapter2教案第一课时
T:Show a picture on ppt
S:Look! There is a grape.
T:Show a picture on ppt
II.Revision:Have Student Review
T:Do you like pizza? (ask all the students)
S:Yes, I do. Yummy!/ No, I don’t. Yucky!/Yes, we do!
Cell phone Question Game?
Based on nouns being countable or uncountable
.
2)Using vocabulary in context to express presence of a countable or uncountable noun. i.e. There is a grape/ There are some grapes
I.Warm-up
1)Greeting: Good morning boys and girls.Is it sunny? S: Yes. T: And is it bright?
2)Warm-up song:“Do you like Spaghetti Yoghurt ?”
3)Discuss the song with the students
S:Yes, he does.
T:Repeat the process to allow many different students to ask questions and answer using cell phones a props.
Chapter 2 词汇翻译(一)for students
Chapter 2 词汇翻译（一）
——词汇翻译方法概述
1、对应
“对应法”也就是传统翻译理论中的所谓“直译法”。
家教
家丑
家累
家产
佳期佳人佳音佳节佳肴
2 阐释
阐释法实际是“以释代译”。
阐释是在难以取得双语对应契合时最常用的译词法．城楼
城关
井底之蛙
夜郎自大
空城计
3、转换
最常见的是词类转换。
下句中“研究”是动词，译成英语后成了名词。
50年代中国开始研究气功，到60年代，气功已成为一门重要学问。
转换还有否定式和肯定式(或正说和反说)之间的转换：
人生琐事、
等闲视之、
家常便饭、
难吃（的药）、
蒙你指点迷津，
我还是一头雾水、
不讲卫生、
情绪不好、
动不动（他动不动就生气）、
不熟悉（我不熟悉这个工作）、
不治之症
4 淡化
淡化法一般用于对形象化用词的翻译。
节骨眼、
伤脑筋、
牵肠挂肚、
一刀两断、
牵一发而动全身、
吃不了兜着走、
吃醋
5 融合
大小
长短
轻重
高低
始终6、音译
饺子
气功。
大学英语跨文化交际 chapter2
Chapter 2 Communication and InterculturalCommunicationI. Teaching ObjectivesIn this chapter, the teacher should enable the students to:1. know different definitions of communication.2. identify nine components of communication.3. identify the characteristics of communication.4. know the relationship between culture and communication.5. know the definition of intercultural communication.6. identify the 4 forms of intercultural communication.II. Contents1. Keywords(1) Sender/Source: A sender/source is the person who transmits a message.（信息发出者/信息源：信息发出者/信息源指传递信息的人。
）(2) Message: A message is any signal that triggers the response of a receiver.（信息：信息指引起信息接受者反应的任何信号。
）(3) Encoding: It refers to the activity during which the sender must choose certain words or nonverbal methods to send an intentional message. （编码：编码指信息发出者选择言语或用非言语的方式发出有目的的信息的行为。
AUthenightofthehorse知识点击习题
教学重点：重点句型的运用教学难点：情态动词、代词教学过程：1、词汇（快速过）2、语法（详解）3、家庭作业9AChapter1Thenightofthehorse一、词汇词汇提高篇Stonehengen.史前巨石柱Egyptn.埃及sendin上交，呈递talen.传说theTrojans特洛伊人Troy特洛伊城beyondprep.在……远处stairn.楼梯capturev.捕获，占领darknessn.黑暗dragv.拖，拉Greeka.希腊的n.希腊人includev.包括plainn.平原Pyramidn.金字塔roughlyad.粗暴地securelyad.安全的seizev.抓住unablea.没有能力的arrown.箭，箭头bown.弓fictionala.虚构的legendn.传说，传奇politiciann.政客sportsmann.男运动员sportswomann.女运动员junka.陈旧，无用或不值钱的东西mendv.修补词形转换基础1.部分单词的复数形式army---armies;enemy---enemie s;century---centuries2.几组反义词disappear---appear;（消失---出现）enemy---friend;（敌人---朋友）dark---bright;(黑暗的---明亮的)empty---full；（空的---满的）stupid---clever/bright/wise/ intelligent/smart（愚蠢的---聪明的）3.historyn.历史historicala.历史的4.woodena.木头的woodn.木头5.cityn.城市citizenn.市民6.frighteneda.受惊吓的（修饰人）frighteninga.恐怖的（修饰物）frightenv.使害怕7.helpn./v.帮助helpfula.有帮助的8.succeedv.使……成功successn.成功9.enterv.进入entrancen.入口10.difficulta.困难的difficultyn.困难提高1.darka.黑暗的darknessn.黑暗2.Greeka.&n.希腊的，希腊人Greecen.希腊3.able---unable（有能力的---没有能力的）enablev.使……能4.celebratev.庆祝celebrationn.e.g.celebrateChristmas/celeb rateone’sbirthday/celebrateas uccess5.securelyad.安全地securea.安全的6.includingprep.包括includev.包括7.gianta.=verylarge巨大的op.tiny微小的8.secretn.秘密secretlyad.秘密地9.succeedv.成功successn.成功successfula.成功的successfullya.成功地10.rougha.不平的；粗糙的；崎岖的roughlyad.11.Troyn.特洛伊城Trojann./a.特洛伊人（的）12.Europen.欧洲Europeana.&n.欧洲的（人）aEuropean13.fictionn.虚构的事fictionala.虚构的14.politicsn.政治politiciann.政客15.sportn.运动sportsman男运动员sportswoman词组基础1.twoatatime一次两个2.makejokesaboutsb.拿……开玩笑=makefunof3.nolonger不再=not…anylongere.g.Iamnolongerachild.=Iamno tachildanylonger.4..secondslater=afterawhile= momentslater过了一会儿5.lookdownat向下看着6.takesthwithsb.随身带去某物7.obeyorders遵守命令8.makesurethat+从句确信(makesure=besure)9.gotosleep=fallasleep入睡10.succeedindoingsth=besucce ssfulindoingsth.=managetodosth 成功地干某事11.byatrick用诡计bymidnight 到了午夜12.sailaway驾船驶走13.theIndianOcean印度洋14.enjoyoneself=haveagoodtim e=haveawonderfultime过得愉快15.getridof摆脱16.playatrickonsb.捉弄某人提高1.inthedarkness=inthedark在黑暗中2.sendin上交，呈递3.exceptfor除了4.besecurelylocked被安全地锁上5.pull…into把…放进…中drag…into把…拉进…中6.dragsb.away掳走二、重要内容讲解※1.Anewspaperranashortstorycompetitiononfamoustalesfromhistory.报纸举办一个依据着名历史故事创作短篇小说的比赛。
高一-Unit2-《Two-geniuses》-reading教案-牛津上海版S1B
Chapter 2 Two Geniuses-Reading一、章节分析（Reading section ）（一）综述本单元向我们讲解并描述了发生在爱因斯坦身上真实的事情。
并不是我们想象中的大科学家治学的故事，而是他跟大家开了一场玩笑，反映出他幽默的一面。
1先确定Main characters? Setting? Time? Place?再理清storyline：Beginning? Development? Climax? Ending?这样也为之后的写作做好铺垫。
2可以利用文章中的图片预料故事，或让学生阅读到某一段停下，关上课本，对接下去的故事情节进行预料。
3可以引导学生探讨什么样的人算是天才。
天赋就等于胜利么？也可以引导学生探讨生活或学习的方法。
是不是额外须要一份新奇心、想象、创建力、甚至幽默？（二）阅读目标1学问目标学习课文中重点词、词组、句型和语法。
2实力目标提高学生的阅读理解实力和培育学生的想象力。
了解故事体裁的必备要素。
3情感目标帮助学生对how to treat the genius you are born with?以及how to live a life?有肯定的思索。
（三）教学方法任务型教学法组织教学。
（四）重点和难点1词汇学习1)核心词汇●applause●attempt●curiosity●eventually●genius●gift●lecture●modest●offer●remote●reputation2)拓展词汇●nuclear●theory●universe3)词组和短语●dozens of●have no/an idea…●be in trouble●join in●by heart●regard…as●lead to●let…down● a sense of humo(u)r●take over2 句型学习●so…that●(did), (did)…and (did)●would like to (do)●It’s a pleasure to (do)…●tag questions二、教学设计（Teaching Designs）(a) (b)While-reading 梳理课文：●简洁地介绍一下爱因斯坦。
02朗文国际英语教程 第1册备课课件_Chapter 2
We are from Canada.
They are good students.
You are my friends.
主格的用法1
1.主格在句子中作主语
(主语表示句子主要说明的人或事物。)
I love my motherland.
He is a French teacher.
主格的用法2
2.主格在句子中作表语
He is interested in the film.
练习题:用interesting和interested填空。
1、This story is very_i_n_te__re_s_t_in__g. 2、I'm _i_n_t_e_re_s__te_d_ in your story. 3、She isi_n_te_r_e_s_t_e_d_ in the i_n_te__re_s_t_i_n_g news. 4、Tom is _in_t_e_r_e_s_te__d in playing basketball. 5、David is i_n_te__re_s_t_e_d_in the _in_t_e_re__s_ti_n_gbook。
English.(we)
3. This book is useful , I want to buy it
______.(it)
you
4. This gift is for ______. (you)
me
5. My parents love ______.(I)
宾格的用法
宾格在句子中作宾语 （宾语表示动作行为的对象）
Oral Practice
above, over, on 在……上 above 指在……上方,不强调是否垂直，与 below相对; over指垂直的上方,与under相对,但over与物体有一定的 空间，不直接接触。 on表示某物体上面并与之接触。与 beneath [bɪˈni:θ]相 对; The bird is flying above my head. There is a bridge over the river. He puts his watch on the desk.
Chapter(2) Two
[ii] For some certain scopes: A subjective test is used in a small scope (For example, in a class);while an objective test is used in a large scope (nation-wide or even world-wide), CET,WSK… [iii] For some certain purposes: An objective test is used for selecting in the proficiency test; while a subjective test is used in the diagnostic test to reinforce or remedy learning and improve teaching.
3
a. Short-term objectives b. New examples of the material taught c. Immediate response d. Analysis: (Generally speaking, most of the students should get 80% right.) m (mean) and S.D. (Standard Deviation) (Questions:) (1) If m is small, what’s the problem? (2) If S.D. is big, what’s the problem?
14
2) Objective Test
(1) The Objective Test has only one correct answer. (2) From: Multiple-choice (3) Advantages: [i] The result is objective. [ii] Scoring is very convenient, unnecessarily ask the professionals to score. [iii] It covers a wide range of items. [iv] It’s very reliable. [v] The paper can be kept for later use. 15
Chapter 2-2 Students
X = 7.6152
Example 6: Unknown Interest Rate i
Unknown interest rate problems involve solving for i, given n and 2 other values (P, F, or A)
(Usually requires a trial and error solution or interpolation in interest tables)
X =
Example 7: Interest Rate i
If Laurel made a $30,000 investment in a friend’s business and received $$50,000 five years later, determine the rate of return. Solution: (Using the basic equation) F = P(1 + i)n
2-6
Interpolation
Untabulated “i “
Determine the value for (F/P, 8.3%, 10)
Formula: F = (1 + 0.083)10 = 2.2197 Spreadsheet: = FV(8.3%,10,,1) = 2.2197 Interpolation: 8.0%
A contractor purchased equipment for $60,000 that provided income of $8,000 per year. At an interest rate of 10% per year, what is the length of time required to recover the investment ?
高级英语听说(1)Chapter 2 Self-Assessment-ListenListen
sick
1. 1
sunny
2. 2
tan
3. 3
sun
4. 4
love
5. 5
come
6. 6
ski
7. 7
70
8. 8
chance
9. 9
extra
10. 10
2. 2.
2．Listen to the conversation and choose the best answer.
2.
B.
B．the island of Jamaica
3.
C.
C．the island of Cuba 10. (10)
1.
A.
A．10 thousand
2.
B.
B．1 million
3.
C.
C．10 million
Chapter 2 Self-Assessment-Listen
这部分的成绩会计入你的形成性考核成绩。
1. 1. 1．Listen and fill in the blanks. 00:00/01:30 Peter: Wow. Look. It’s raining cats and dogs — again! I hate this weather. When does winter break start? Jack: Winter break? It’s only October. Peter: I know, but I’m 1 (1) of studying. I want to go someplace warm and lie on the beach for a week. Someplace where it's 2 (2) and dry. Florida or Hawaii, maybe? Jack: Yeah. Where we can go swimming and snorkeling and get a great 3 (3). Now that’s my idea of a perfect vacation. Ming: Not mine. I can’t swim very well, and I don’t like lying in the 4 (4). Peter: Oh, yeah? How come? Ming: I don’t know. I just prefer the mountains, especially in winter. I 5 (5) snowboarding. In fact, I’m planning to go to Bear Mountain with some friends in December. Do you guys want to 6 (6)? Jack: No thanks. I went there last year. I was freezing the whole time. Anyway, I don’t know how to 7 (7) very well. Last year, I fell about a hundred times. Ming: Peter, how about you? Peter: Sorry, I’m like Jack. I don’t want to go anyplace where it’s below 8 (8) degrees. Jack: By the way, what’s the weather forecast for tomorrow? Ming: The same as today. Cloudy, cold, and a 90 percent 9 (9) of rain. Jack: Oh, no! I left my umbrella at the library. Ming: You can borrow mine. I’ve got an 10 (10) one.
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Example 7: Interest Rate i
If Laurel made a $30,000 investment in a friend’s business and received $50,000 five years later, determine the rate of return. Solution: (Using the basic equation) F = P(1 + i)n
Engineering Economy INEN 260
Chapter 2 - 2 Factors: How Time and Interest Affect Money School of Mechanical Engineering Henan Polytechnic University Winter 2014
In both cases, the unknown variable is “n”
1-13
Unknown Recovery Period n
Procedure: Set up equation with all symbols involved and solve for n
Example 8: A contractor purchased equipment for $60,000 that provided income of $8,000 per year. At an interest rate of 10% per year, the length of time required to recover the investment ?
Solution: Can use either the P/A or A/P factor. Using A/P: $60,000(A/P,10%,n) = $8,000 = (A/P, 10%, n) = 0.13333
From A/P column in i = 10% interest tables, n is between 14 and 15 years (A/P, 10%, 14) = 0.1358
F/A Factor Review: Previous Class
F = A(F/A, i, n)
(1 i) 1 F=A i
n
Example 1: F/A Factor
Formosa Plastics has major fabrication plants in Texas and Hong Kong. It is desired to know the future worth of $1,000,000 invested at the end of each year for 8 years, starting one year from now. The interest rate is assumed to be 14% per year.
1-12
Determine Unknown Number of Years
We can use same logic to calculate the number of years. It is sometimes necessary to determine number of years required for a cash flow to provide stated rate of return. It is desirable to determine when specified amounts will be available from an investment.
or
X = 10.7305 – [(10.7305 – 10.0890) * (14 – 12.5) / (14 – 12)] = 10.2494
Example 5
6% = 7.8869
(P/A , 6.7%, 11)
6.7% = 7% =
X 7.4987
X = 7.8869 – [(7.8869 – 7.4987) * (6.7 – 6)/ (7 – 6)]
$500,000 = $35,000(P/A, 5%, n) $500,000 / $35000 = 14.2857 = (P/A, 5%, n) N = between 25 & 26 years 14.0939 = 25
14.2857 = x 14.6430 = 26
Interpolation:
(26 - 25) * (14.2857-14.0939)/(14.643-14.0939) = 0.3492 == 25 + 0.3492 = 25.4 years
1-15
Example 10: Number of Years
A couple retire with $750,000 – invested at 6% interest how many years can they withdraw $60,000
Example 3: F/A Factor
How much money must Carol deposit every year starting 1 year from now at 5.50% per year in order to accumulate $6,000 exactly 7 years from now? Solution: A = ?; i = 5.5%; n = 7 years; F = $6,000
OK OK
------ 2.1589 8.3% -----x 9.0% ------ 2.3674
x = 2.1589 + [(2.3674 – 2.1589) * (8.3 - 8.0) /(9.0 – 8.0)] (a little higher) = 2.2215 Absolute Error = 2.2215 – 2.2197 = 0.0018
Solution: F = ?; A = $1,000,000.; i = 14%; n = 8 years F = A(F/A, i, n) F = $1,000,000(F/A, 14%, 8) = $1,000,000(13.2328) = $13,232,800
Example 2: More F/A Problems
(A/P, 10%, x) = 0.13333 (A/P, 10%, 15) = 0.1315
x = 14 + (15 -14) * (0.1358 - 0.1333)/(0.1358 - 0.1315) = 14.58 yrs
Example 9: Number of Years
A couple wants to retire. They have $500,000 saved up and they want to withdraw $35,000 per year. How long can they do this at 5% interest? Solution:
X = 7.6152
Unknown Interest Rate i
Example 6: A contractor purchased equipment for $60,000 which provided income of $16,000 per year for 10 years. What was the annual rate of return of the investment ? Procedure: Set up equation with all symbols involved and solve for i Solution: Can use either the P/A or A/P factor. Using A/P: A = P(A/P, i%,10) === $16,000 = $60,000(A/P, i%,10) $16,000/$60,000 = 0.2667 = (A/P, i%,10) (A/P, 20%, 10) = 0.2385 (A/P, x%, 10) = 0.2667 (A/P, 25%, 10) = 0.2801 X = 20 + (25 - 20) * (0.26667 - 0.2385) / (0.2801 - 0.2385) = 20 + 3.39 = 23.39%
= $6,000(0.12096)
= $725.79
i A F n (1 i ) 1
Factor Values for Untabulated i or n
3 ways to find factor lues for untabulated i or n values Use formula, Use spreadsheet function with corresponding P, F, or A value set to 1, and Linearly interpolate in interest tables Formula or spreadsheet function is fast and accurate. Interpolation is only approximate.
1-17
Example 12: Number of Years
If $3,987 accumulated to $8,905 at a rate of 11.6%, what was the time span? Solution:
P = $3,987; F = $8,905; i = 11.6%; n = ? The basic equation is F = P(1 + i)n $8,905 = $3,987(1 + 0.116)n $8,905/$3,987 = 2.2335 = (1.116)n ln(2.2335) = n [ln(1.116)] 0.8036 = n(0.1098) n = 0.8036/0.1098, therefore n = 7.32 years