Positive Psychology - Sophia
积极心理学英文综述范文
积极心理学英文综述范文英文回答：Positive Psychology: A Comprehensive Review.Positive psychology is a relatively recent area of study that focuses on the strengths and virtues that enable individuals and communities to thrive. It is based on the belief that human beings have the potential for great happiness, fulfillment, and well-being, and that these qualities can be cultivated through intentional effort.Positive psychology emerged as a response to the limitations of traditional psychology, which has tended to focus on mental illness and dysfunction. While traditional psychology has been successful in reducing suffering, it has not always been as effective in promoting happiness and well-being. Positive psychology aims to fill this gap by studying the factors that contribute to human flourishing.One of the key tenets of positive psychology is that happiness is not simply the absence of negative emotions, but rather a positive state of being that is characterized by feelings of joy, contentment, and fulfillment. Positive psychologists believe that happiness can be cultivated through a variety of activities, such as spending time with loved ones, engaging in meaningful work, and practicing gratitude.Another key tenet of positive psychology is that resilience is a key factor in well-being. Resilience is the ability to bounce back from adversity and to maintain a positive outlook in the face of challenges. Positive psychologists believe that resilience can be learned and strengthened through a variety of techniques, such as mindfulness, positive self-talk, and social support.Positive psychology has a number of applications in the real world. For example, positive psychology interventions have been shown to be effective in reducing stress, improving mood, and increasing resilience. Positive psychology has also been used to develop programs thatpromote well-being in schools, workplaces, and communities.Positive psychology is a growing field of study that has the potential to make a significant contribution to our understanding of human well-being. By focusing on the strengths and virtues that enable individuals and communities to thrive, positive psychology can help us to create a more fulfilling and meaningful world.中文回答：积极心理学，全面综述。
Positive Psychology An Introduction
Author's note. Martin E. P. Seligman, Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania; Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi, Department of Psychology, Claremont Graduate University.
At this juncture, the social and behavioral sciences can play an enormously important role. They can articulate a vision of the good life that is empirically sound while being understandable and attractive. They can show what actions lead to well-being, to positive individuals, and to thriving communities. Psychology should be able to help document what kinds of families result in children who flourish, what work settings support the greatest satisfaction among workers, what policies result in the strongest civic engagement, and how people's lives can be most worth living.
积极心理学英文综述范文
积极心理学英文综述范文Title: A Comprehensive Review of Positive Psychology.Positive psychology, a branch of psychology that focuses on the study and promotion of positive emotions, strengths, virtues, and well-being, has emerged as a significant field of research in recent decades. Developed by Martin Seligman and his colleagues in the late 1990s, positive psychology aims to shift the focus of psychology from pathology and deficit-based approaches to the study of human strengths, talents, and positive emotions. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of positive psychology, its key concepts, applications, and future directions.Origins and Definition.Positive psychology has its roots in the humanistic tradition of psychology, which emphasizes the importance of human potential and growth. It is distinct from traditionalpsychology, which has often been focused on studying and treating mental illness and pathology. Positive psychology instead focuses on the positive aspects of human life, including emotions, traits, and institutions that promote well-being and flourishing.The core principles of positive psychology are centered around three key areas: positive emotions, engagement with life, and positive relationships. Positive emotions refer to feelings of happiness, joy, contentment, and other positive affective states. Engagement with life involves being fully present and immersed in activities that are personally meaningful and fulfilling. Positiverelationships refer to the quality and nature of our social connections with others, including family, friends, and community.Applications and Interventions.Positive psychology has a wide range of applications and interventions that aim to promote positive outcomes and enhance well-being. One of the most well-knowninterventions in positive psychology is the practice of gratitude, which involves intentionally focusing on and appreciating the good things in life. Gratitude has been shown to improve emotional well-being,增强人际关系, and enhance overall life satisfaction.Other interventions include mindfulness practices, such as meditation and yoga, which promote awareness and engagement with the present moment. Mindfulness has been found to reduce stress and anxiety, enhance emotional regulation, and improve cognitive performance. Other positive psychology interventions focus on building social connections, fostering positive relationships, and developing character strengths.Future Directions.Positive psychology is a rapidly growing field, and there are many exciting directions for future research and application. One area of particular interest is the development of positive interventions for specific populations, such as adolescents, older adults, andindividuals with mental health conditions. By tailoring interventions to meet the unique needs of these populations, positive psychology has the potential to make significant contributions to improving their well-being and quality of life.Another important direction for future research is the exploration of the neurobiological mechanisms that underlie positive emotions and well-being. By understanding how positive psychology interventions work at theneurobiological level, we can gain a deeper understandingof their effectiveness and develop more targeted andprecise interventions.Conclusion.Positive psychology has emerged as a critical field of research and practice that focuses on the positive aspectsof human life. By studying and promoting positive emotions, strengths, virtues, and well-being, positive psychology has the potential to transform individuals, communities, and society for the better. Future research and applications inpositive psychology will continue to expand our understanding of human potential and growth and lead to more effective interventions that promote positive outcomes and enhance well-being.。
积极心理学 品格优势 英文
积极心理学品格优势英文Positive psychology is a branch of psychology that focuses on understanding and promoting human well-being and flourishing. It emphasizes the study of positive emotions, character strengths, and positive experiences. One key concept within positive psychology is the notion of character strengths.Character strengths refer to positive traits or qualities that are inherent to individuals and contribute to their personal and social well-being. These strengths are considered to be the core elements of a person's character and are believed to play a crucial role in their overall happiness and success.There are several theories and models that have been developed to identify and classify character strengths. One of the most well-known models is the Values in Action (VIA) classification, which identifies 24 character strengths. Some examples of these strengths include creativity, kindness, perseverance, and gratitude.Research in positive psychology has shown that individuals who are aware of their character strengths and actively utilize them in their daily lives experience higher levels ofwell-being, happiness, and life satisfaction. For example, individuals who frequently express gratitude tend to have a more positive outlook on life and stronger social relationships.Character strengths can be developed and cultivated through various interventions and practices. One such intervention is the practice of mindfulness, which involves intentionally paying attention to the present moment without judgment. Mindfulness has been found to enhance self-awareness and help individuals recognize and utilize their character strengths effectively.In addition to mindfulness, other interventions such as positive affirmations, gratitude exercises, and acts of kindness can also be used to promote the development and utilization of character strengths. These interventions have been shown to improve overall well-being and contribute to a more positive and fulfilling life.To sum up, positive psychology and the concept of character strengths provide a framework for understanding and promoting human flourishing. By focusing on individuals' positive qualities and strengths, positive psychology offers practical strategies for enhancing well-being and living a morefulfilling life.积极心理学是心理学的一个分支，专注于理解和促进人类的幸福和繁荣。
积极心理学定义外文翻译(可编辑)
积极心理学定义外文翻译（可编辑）积极心理学定义外文翻译外文翻译原文Positive Psychology DefinedMaterial Source: Journal of psychology and christianityAuthor: Siang-yang TanSeveral years ago, the millennial issue of the American Psychologist focused on the emerging science of positive psychology, referring to the study of positive emotion, positive character, and positive institutions. In that issue, Seligman and Csikszentmihalyi 2000 defined positive psychology thus:The field of positive psychology at the subjective level is about valued subjective experiences: well-being,contentment, and satisfaction in the past; hope and optimism for the future; and flow and happiness in the present. At the individual level,it is about positive individual traits:the capacity for love and vocation,courage, interpersonal skill, aesthetic sensibility, perserverance, forgiveness, originality, future-mindedness,spirituality, high talent, and wisdom.At the group level, it is about the civic virtues and the institutions that move individuals toward better citizenship: responsibility,nurturance,altruism, civility, moderation, tolerance, and work ethic, p. 5Progress of Positive PsychologyMore recently, also in the American Psychologist, Seligman, Steen, Park, and Peterson 2005 provided a progress report on positive psychology, including some empirical validation of interventions. They noted that in the 5 years since 2000, a number of significant books have been published on positive psychology, such as: The Handbook of Positive Psychology Snyder &Lopez, 2002; Authentic Happiness Seligman,2002a; A Psychology of Human Strengths: Fundamental Questions and Future Directions for a Positive Psychology Aspinwall & Staudinger,2003; Flourishing: Positive Psychology and the Life Well Lived Keyes & Haidt, 2003; Positive Psychological Assessment: A Handbook of Mode and Measures Lopez & Snyder, 2004 covering measures of hope, optimism, self-efficacy, problem-solving, locus of control, creativity, wisdom, courage, positive emotion, self-esteem, love,emotional intelligence, empathy, attachment, for-giveness, humor, gratitude, faith, morality, coping, well-being, and quality of life; Positive Psychology in Practice Linley & Joseph,2004bcontaining many helpful guidelines and suggestions for putting positive psychology into practice; Character Strengths and Virtues: A Handbook and Classification Peterson & Seligman, 2004; and Handbook of Methods in Positive Psychology Ong & van Dulmen, in press.Seligman et al. 2005 also noted that there are significant developments in the field of positive psychology in terms of meetings e.g., the Annual International Positive Psychology Summit is held the first weekend of October in Washington, DC, networks and centers e.g.,the Positive Psychology Network supports more than 50 research groups totaling more than 150 scientists from universities around the world,and the first Positive Psychology Centers in the United States at the University of Pennsylvania, the University of Michigan, the Universityof Illinois, and Claremont Graduate University, courses and degrees e.g., the first master's degree in applied positive psychology at theUniversity of Pennsylvania started in September, 2003,andwebsitese.g.,//0>./science/positivepsy.6>html,//./. Furthermore,a new quarterly journal. The Journal of Positive Psychology, will be launched and published by Taylor and Francis Publishers in 2006.Positive Virtues and Character StrengthsThe field or movement of positive psychology has therefore grown tremendously in a few short years. Seligman et al. 2005 especially emphasized and summarized the following classification of 6 virtues and 24 character strengths described in more detail in Peterson and Seligman 2004: 1 Wisdom and knowledge creativity, curiosity, open-mindedness,love of learning, perspective; 2 Courage authenticity,bravery,persistence, zest; 3 Humanity kindness, love. Social intelligence; 4Justicefairness,leadership,teamwork;5Temperanceforgiveness,modesty,p rudence, self-regulation; 6 Transcendence appreciation of beauty and excellence, gratitude, hope, humor, religiousness.Positive psychology's focus on such virtues and character strengths actually overlaps muchwith what the field of the psychology of religion has been studying andresearching for many years.Park 2003 therefore pointed out the need for positive psychology to be more aware of the psychology of religion and access more the contributions of the psychology of religion already available on some of the subject matter of positive psychology e.g., see Paloutzian & Park,2005. She emphasized, in particular, research that has been done in the psychology of religion on meaning in life and stress-related growthalso see Ryff & Singer, 2003, on resilience or flourishing under fire.With regard to stress-related growth. Park2003 reported that religiousness has been found to be related to growth in individuals experiencing a variety of stressful life events such as bereavement, hospitalization, having cancer, sexual assault, bringing up an autistic child, and testing positive for HIV. She also challenged researchers involved in the psychology of religion to relate their work and findings more to the rapidly growing field or movement of positive psychology. Positive psychology is therefore not without its critics and critiques e.g., see Held, 2004; also see Aspinwall & Staudinger,2003; Park, 2003;and Sandage & Hill, 2001. A biblical perspective on and critique of positive psychology will be briefly covered toward the end of this article.Applied Positive Psychology: Positive Prevention and Positive TherapySeligman 2002b has briefly described how positive psychology can be applied to prevention positive prevention and therapy positive therapy.In positive prevention he notes that the following human strengths, to name several,have been found to act as buffers against mental illness: courage, future-mindedness, optimism,interpersonal skill, faith, work ethic, hope, honesty, perseverance, the capacity for flow and insight. Positive prevention seeks to understand and learn how to develop and strengthen these virtues in young people. For example Seligman described the use of disputing of catastrophic thinking as a core skill in "learned optimism"programs that he has developed and found effective in preventing depression and anxiety in children and adults. He advocates identifying and developing or building positive human traits orstrengths in people at risk, so that effective prevention can occurusing a positive psychology approach: positive prevention.In positive therapy or using a positive psychology approach to the treatment of psychological or mental disorders, Seligman 2002b remindsus that there are some clear specifics in effective psy chotherapy, such as "applied tension for blood and injury phobia, penile squeeze for premature ejaculation, cognitive therapy for panic, relaxation for phobia, exposure for obsessive-compulsive disorder, behavior therapy for enuresis" p. 6. With regard to the so-called nonspecifics of effective psychotherapy, he proposed renaming them into two main classes or categories: tactics and deep strategies.Seligman 2002b listed the following as examples of tactics of good psychotherapy: "attention, authority figure, rapport, paying for services, trust, opening up, naming the problem, tricks of the tradee.g., "Let's pause here," rather than "Let's stop here"" p. 6. With regard to deep strategies, he believes that they are all techniques of positive psychology, and include instilling hope, narration or telling the stories of our lives, and the "building of buffering strengths" pg.6. Examples of strengths built in effective psychotherapy or positive psychotherapy are: "courage, interpersonal skill, rationality, insight, optimism, honesty, perseverance, realism, capacity for pleasure, putting troubles into perspective,future-mindedness, finding purpose" p.7.Seligman 2002b therefore emphasizes that a positive psychology approach to prevention and therapy---- positie prevention and positive therapy----will measure, understand and build the positive human traits or characteristics virtues and character strengths that make life worth living and that help individuals and communities not just survive or endure but also flourish.FlourishingRecently, there has been a greater emphasis on flourishing, focusing on good mental health and the life well lived rather than just on the absence of mental illness. Keyes and Haidt 2003 have edited a book on flourishing, referring to when people experience high levels of emotional, psychological and social well-being due to vigor and vitality, self-determination, continuous self-growth, close relationships and a meaningful and purposeful life see Tracey, 2005. Keyes 2005found in recent research with a nationally representative sample of adults age 25 to 74 years A^ 3,032 that only 18% of American adults met his criteriafor the categorical diagnosis of "flourishing." The majority of adults roughly 6 in 10 or 65.1% were in the "moderately mentally healthy"categorical diagnosis. About 17% of adults were found to be in the categorical diagnosis of "languishing" or mentally unhealthy. Nearly as many American adults were therefore found to be languishing 16.9% or rnentally unhealthy as were found to be flourishing 18% or mentally healthy. Keyes concluded that mental health is clearly a positive thing, and anything less than flourishing seems to fall short of healthy functioning in life since diagnoses less than flourishing wereassociated with higher levels of dysfunctions in terms of work reductions, health limitations, and psychosocial functioning.In a similarvein, Frederickson and Losada 2005 recently described positive affect and the complex dynamics of human flourishing. Based on Frederickson's 1998 broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions and Losada's 1999 non-linear dynamics model of team performance, they predicted that a ratio of positive to negative affect at or above 2.9will characterize individuals classified as in flourishing mental health. They conducted a study with two samples of university students totaling 188 participants who completed an initial survey to identify flourishing mental health, and then kept daily reports of experienced positive and negative emotions for 28 days. They found that the mean ratio ofpositive to negative affect was above 2.9 for those classified as flourishing and below 2.9 for those classified as not flourishing, andfelt that this discovery of the critical 2.9 positivity ratio may be a breakthrough.Frederickson and Losada 2005 also suggest that appropriatenegativity is a crucial ingredient within human flourishing that helps to maintain a grounded system, pointing out that the complex dynamics of flourishing may first show signs of disintegration at a positivity ratio of 11.6.They therefore propose the following prediction:Human flourishing is optimal functioning characterized by four key components: a goodness, indexed by happiness, satisfaction, and superior functioning; b generativity. indexed by broadened thought-action repertoires and behavioral flexibility;c growth, indexed by gains in enduring personal and social resources; and d resilience, indexed by survival and growth in the after-math of adversity. Each of these four components will be linked to positivity ratios at or above 2.9. p. 685 Empirical Validation of Positive Psychology Interventions toIncrease Individual HappinessSeligman et al. 2005 also reported the results of their most recent research efforts at empirically validating or supporting the efficacy of several positive psychology interventions aimed at increasing individual happiness. They first point out the need to better define happiness as a term consisting of at least the following three distinct aspects or dimensions Seligman, 2002a: "a positive emotion and pleasure the pleasant life; b engagement the engaged life; and cmeaning themeaningful life" p. 413. Their recent research has shown that the most satisfied people are those who pursue all three, with engagement and meaning carrying the most weight Peterson, Park, & Seligman, 2005.Seligman et al. 2005 conducted their first large randomizedcontrolled trial RCT using the random-assignment, placebo-controlled design on the efficacy of five internet-based happiness exercises and one placebo control exercise, with a convenience sample drawn from visitors to the web site created for Seligman's 2002a book Authentic Happiness. The initial sample consisted of 577 participants who completed baselinequestionnaires, including a measure of depression called the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale or CES-D Radloff, 1977, and a new measure of happiness called the Steen Happiness Index or SHI that they developed. The final sample they used consisted of 41171%participants who completed all five follow-up assessments after the pre-test, immediate post-test after one week of intervention, 1 week follow-up, 1 month follow-up, 3 month follow-up and 6 month follow-up. The placebo control exercise was writing about early memories every night for one week Farly memories. The 5 happiness exercises were: 1 Gratitude visit participants were given a week to write a letter of gratitude and then deliver it personally to someone who had been especially kind to them but had not yet been appropriately thanked;2Three good things in life participants were asked to write down three things that went well and their causes daily for a week; 3 You at yourbest participants were asked to write about a period in their lives when they were at their best and to reflect on the strengths they had identified, and to review this daily for a week; 4Using signature strengths in a new way participants were given feedback on their topfive or"signature" strengths based on an inventory of character strengths they were asked to take online, and to use one of these top strengths in a different and new way daily for a week; 5Identifying signature strengths participants were asked to take the inventory of character strengths online, note theirfive top strengths, and use them more often for a week.Seligman et al. 2005 found in this Internet RCT that two of the happiness exercises or interventions using signature strengths in a new way and three good things increased happiness and reduced depressive symptoms for six months. Another happiness exercise, the gratitude visit resulted in large positive changes but only for a month. The other two happiness exercises yow at your best and identifying signature strengths and the placebo control (early memories' led to positive but temporary or transient effects on happiness and depressive symptoms. The long-term effects of the effective happiness exercises were greatest for the participants who continued the exercises on their own beyond the prescribed one week period of intervention.There are, of course, methodological limitations with such anInternet-based RCT, such as using a convenience sample with largely white, well-educated and financially comfortable participants who wereonly mildly depressed and interested in becoming happier. However, current studies being conducted by Seligman and his colleagues using packages of happiness exercises rather than isolated exercises delivered with human hands rather than through the Internet are showing large effect sizes for reducing depression and increasing happiness compared to the moderate effect sizes they found in this initial Internet-based study Seligman et al., 2005. Seligman et al. therefore concluded: We cannot resist thespeculation that happiness exercises may prove therapeutic in depressive "disorders. It is important to note that these interventions also reduced depressive symptoms lastingly, and in other studies we are finding that this effect is massive. In fact, an unspoken premise of all talk therapy is that it is beneficial to talk about one's troubles and to overcome them by confronting them。
天津市天津市和平区2023-2024学年高二上学期1月期末英语试题
天津市天津市和平区2023-2024学年高二上学期1月期末英语试题学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________一、单项选择1．As schools struggle to survive on smaller budgets, the ongoing debate over whether physical education classes should be cut will certainly be ________.A．fed B．fueled C．hit D．illustrated 2．—I have been working hard at my English in the past two months, but I think I make little progress in it.________ , Emma! Your English will soon be perfect.A．I can’t help it B．Make itC．Hang in there D．You really have me there3．________her illness leaving her very weak at times, she tries to gain pleasure from life A．Despite B．However C．Although D．Instead of 4．Consumers think highly of this auto company, ________expense the problem cars under guarantee are repaired.A．at which B．at whose C．for which D．for whose 5．In China, a man from Jiangsu Province ________ from university at the age of 88,________him the oldest university graduate in the country.A．graduated; making B．graduated; to makeC．being graduated; made D．having graduated; made6．We ________the evening until Frank________to an emergency.A．enjoyed; had been called B．enjoyed; was callingC．were enjoying; was called D．had enjoyed; has called7．________the very high rents charged, some parents consider buying as a(n)________ A．Faced; solution B．Facing; chanceC．Facing with; option D．Faced with; alternative8．Listen! The coach ________the strengths of our opponents because ourteam________against them before.A．has explained; weren’t playing B．explains; won’t playC．is explaining; haven’t played D．will explain; hadn’t been playing9．________the tourists didn’t want to go to the town where the earthquake had taken place just a few weeks before.A．Reluctantly B．ApproximatelyC．Extremely D．Understandably10．The doctor ordered the woman to be________all solid food for at least twenty four hours.A．kept out B．kept away C．kept off D．kept up二、完形填空I was living in Cali, Colombia. One day my younger sister decided to visit me for asuccess. If you are prepared to bounce back when everyone else 29 , you will be the winner. Think of your contingency plan as a form of 30 , one that, if nothing else, can give you the peace of mind you need.11．A．heart B．sight C．track D．touch 12．A．heading B．leaving C．driving D．going 13．A．better B．easier C．funnier D．worse 14．A．picked up B．checked up C．ended up D．came up 15．A．down B．off C．by D．out 16．A．choice B．evidence C．hope D．reason 17．A．arrive B．pass C．reach D．return 18．A．station B．direction C．location D．position 19．A．in time B．on time C．behind time D．ahead of time 20．A．allowed B．reminded C．forced D．begged 21．A．agreed B．appeared C．succeeded D．signed 22．A．advice B．control C．responsibility D．risk 23．A．coming into effect B．getting into trouble C．putting into practice D．taking into account24．A．approves of B．looks up C．goes after D．turn to 25．A．accessed B．altered C．approached D．avoided 26．A．dangerous B．essential C．pointless D．priceless 27．A．extremer B．faster C．better D．stranger 28．A．capability B．flexibility C．reliability D．stability 29．A．breaks down B．settles down C．gets over D．carries away 30．A．assistance B．endurance C．guidance D．insurance三、阅读理解Are you looking for a fun day out in New York at a reasonable price? Then look no further than the amusement parks situated at. the historic Coney Island entertainment center in New York City, offering something for the whole family to enjoy here, including games, rides and restaurants. For non-stop entertainment, Coney Island is the place to be!31．What do we know about the Astroland’s POP ticket?A．Though expensive, it is more convenient.B．It can be used for the whole year around.C．It can be repeatedly used for many times.D．It can be used for public transport as well.32．Which Park would a family with younger children probably choose to visit?A．Water Flume slide in Haunted HouseB．Astroland Amusement ParkC．Coney Island BoardwalkD．Deno’s Wonder Wheel Park33．Which of the following is the passage probably taken from?A．A tour brochure.B．A safety regulations.C．A travel journal.D．A traffic guide.Packing up her bedroom in Virgin a Beach, Douglas had to say goodbye to her family, to her two dogs, and to the beach, where she loved to ride waves on her boogie board. But it was time to take the leap, however, heartbreaking and awkward it would be. Even at 14, Douglas knew that.So off she went about 1.200 miles to West Des Moines, Iowa, to train with a coach from China and live with a white family she had never been met. When she arrived,\Douglas thought that she must be the only black person in the state.“I was unpacking and saying, ‘What am I doing?’”said Douglas, who is 16.“it was like:’Where do I put everything? Where are the spoons?’ I’d wake up and say, ‘This is my bed,where am I?’”Liang Chow, who had coached the Olympic gold medalist Shawn Johnson, transformed Douglas into one of the best gymnasts in the world, helping her skyrocket from an average member of the national team to the top of the sport. And a couple with four young daughters became her second family, nurturing her in low a while her real family|supported her from afar,(遥远地).That move also was important in Douglas’s making history. By winning the Olympic all-round title, she became the first black woman to do so. She also became the fourth American woman to win the all-round, following Mary Lou Rettonjin 1984, Carly Patternson in 2004 and Nastia Liukin in 2008.Douglas won, scoring 62.232 points, and led the competition from beginning to end.’Viktoria Komova, who sobbed into her coach’s chest when she learned she had lost, won the silver, with 61.973 points. Aliya Mustafina. the 2010 world all-round champion, won the bronze with 59.566 points. The other American in the competition, Aly Raisman finished fourth after losing a tiebreaker(决胜局) to Mustafina.Douglas said she had felt confident all along that she would win.“It was just an amazing feeling,”she said,“I was just like, believe, don’t fear, believe.”34．Douglas left her home at 14 because sheA．didn’t like her dogsB．needed training to make a differenceC．wanted to live with her second familyD．wanted to become the only black champion in the stateA．uneasy B．excitedC．independent D．tired36．What can we learn about the competition mention ed in the passage?A．Komova felt stressed during the game and lost her heart.B．Douglas stayed ahead throughout the whole game.C．Aliya came from America and won the third place.D．Most of the competitors were from America.37．Which of the following statements about|Douglas is TRUE?A．She was the first American woman to win the all-around.B．She was the only black person in the state of Iowa.C．Her family didn’t like the idea of her becoming a gymnast.D．Her move to Iowa brought her the chance to succeed.You sitting in the classroom waiting for the teacher to pass out the tests, the door opened and a man walked in, but he wasn’t the regular teacher. You tried to say that you were in the wrong place, but couldn’t open the mouth. You kept trying but it was useless. Finally, you yelled, “Wait!”. Then you opened the eyes and realized it was only a crazy dream.What happens to our minds and bodies when we’re asleep? To find out, scientists have set up “sleep laboratories.”, where scientists use machines to keep track of people’s heartbeats, watch their muscular (肌肉的) movements and their brainwaves are recorded too.Scientists believe that people go through five stages of sleep. All five stages are repeated four to six times each night. Stage one is a very light sleep. But stage four is the deepest sleep of all. If you’re very tired, you will spend a lot of time in stage four. Then you pass into the fifth state. Your heart starts beating faster. Your eyes move back and forth very quickly under closed lids. You are dreaming.The fifth stage is called REM sleep, which stands for Rapid Eye Movement. How do scientists know all this? They work with sleep volunteers. If you were a sleep volunteer, this is what scientists would do. Every time you went into REM sleep, they would wake you up. After a few nights, you might start going into REM sleep sooner and more often than usual. The scientists would be kept very busy trying to wake you up. They might think you were trying hard to make up for the lost dream time!What this may mean is that people need to dream just as they need to sleep. When you’ve been asleep, your mind doesn’t turn off. It keeps on thinking. And your sleeping mind tums your thoughts into a technicolor movie with sound, lights, and a huge cast. Sometimes you may dream you are being chased by something you can’t see. Sometimes you may fall without getting hurt. And in some dreams, your best friend turns into a monster, or your cat talksDreams can be scary, funny, or just plain boring. But what do they mean? In ancient times, people said dreams told them about the future. Today most experts think that dreams teach people about themselves. You may not understand all your dreams, but at least you can enjoy them. In your dreams, you can discover a whole other world!38．What is the purpose of setting up sleep laboratories?A．To watch and take care of people while they are asleep.B．To find out what happens to our minds and bodies when we are asleep.C．To find out the five stages of sleep.D．To find out what’s REM sleep.39．From Paragraph 3 we know thatA．the same dream may repeat all the timeB．people dream only when they are tiredC．everyone dreams at nightD．when you dream you are in the deepest sleep40．According to the passage, why are scientists busy waking up volunteers during the test?A．To disrupt their sleep patterns.B．To monitor the occurrence of dreaming.C．To ensure they sleep well enough.D．To observe their muscular movements.41．What can be inferred from the last paragraph of the passage?A．Dreams can be mysterious and unpredictable.B．Dream analysis has been consistent throughout history.C．Experts believe dreams provide self-insight.D．People enjoy dreams even if they don’t understand them.Positive psychology is a relatively new sub-field of psychology that focuses on human strengths and the things that make life worth living ——to move beyond surviving to flourishing (昌盛, 茂盛). Theorists and researchers in the field have sought to identify the elements of a good life. They have also proposed and tested practices for improving life satisfaction and well-being. While psychologists have studied topics like happiness, optimism,and other human strengths for decades, positive psychology wasn’t officially identified as a branch of psychology until 1998 when Martin Seligman was elected president of the American Psychological Association (APA). Seligman called for research into what makes normal people’s lives positive and fulfilling. He stated that psychology should be just as concerned with nurturing the good things in life as it was with healing the bad. From these ideas positive psychology was born.Today, positive psychology is sometimes confused with self-help movements. However, positive psychology is a science.Positive psychologists don’t wish to discard the study of human problems. They simply wish to add the study of what’s good in life to the field.Despite its ongoing popularity, positive psychology has been criticized for a number of different reasons. First, humanistic (人本主义的) psychologists have argued that Seligman is claiming credit for the work previously done in humanistic psychology. Also, some have said that the research produced by the sub-field is invalid or overstated. Similarly, some claim that positive psychology fails to take individual differences into account. Instead presenting findings as it they will work for everyone in the same way.Finally, some have suggested that positive psychology is limited by cultural bias (偏见). Positive psychology’s findings often come from a middle-class perspective that ignores. issues such as systemic inequality and poverty. Recently, however, attempts have been made to expand the findings in positive psychology to incorporate (合并) perspectives from non-Western countries and a diversity of backgrounds.42．What can we learn about the Positive psychology from the first paragraph?A．Positive psychology is finding a new way for humans to survive.B．Psychologists have already studied positive psychology for decades.C．It was in 1998 that positive psychology became a branch of psychology study.D．Positive psychology focuses on both human strengths and problems.43．What. does the underlined word “discard” in Paragraph 3 mean?A．Abandon.B．Explore.C．Divide.D．Evaluate.44．How is the future development of positive psychology according to the last paragraph?A．Steady.B．Promising.C．Uncertain.D．Fruitless.45．What is the best title of the passage?A．Positive psychology—make life worth/living.B．Psychology development and culture diversity.C．Seligman and his lifelong study.D．Psychology study and daily life.阅读短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题。
(积极心理学英文课件)chapter1 what is positive psychology？
– Opposed to psychoanalysis or behaviorism – Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers – Self-actualization – Existentialism – Phenomenology
• Whether we label these preferred circumstances “positive” or “less sucky” is a matter of semantics.
6. Are happy people stupid?
• Our common culture is replete with stereotypes linking happiness and stupidity.
10.What about culture?
• A lots of cultural practices need to be documented and disseminated across national borders.
• Cultural-bound
11. Is this a paradigm shift?
from the careful studies and presenting them to an eager public as simple truths as opposed to tentative generalizations. • It brings down positive psychology by running far ahead of what the evidence actually shows, promising what cannot be delivered, and glossing over the real problems that many people face.
积极心理学考试重要资料
目录1. 什么是积极心理学 (1)2. 积极心理学的研究范围 (1)3. 基本主张 (2)4. 常用的情绪调节策略有哪些 (2)5. 简述情绪ABC理论 (2)6. 马斯洛需要层次理论 (3)7. 简述人际沟通的技巧（待定） (3)8. 简述挫折应对的策略 (4)9. 如何培养自己的专注力 (5)10. 如何更加合理管理自己的时间 (5)11. 如何更有效的设定目标 (6)12. 结合自身性格特点，谈谈如何促进自我成长 (6)13. 结合情绪ABC理论，谈谈如何进行自我情绪管理 (6)14. 结合自身，谈谈如何进一步增强自己的主观幸福感 (7)15. 如何理解心理冲突的意义和如何解决冲突 (7)1.什么是积极心理学积极心理学英文为Positive Psychology，它是指利用心理学目前已比较完善和有效的实验方法与测量手段，来研究人类的力量和美德等积极方面的一个心理学思潮。
积极心理学的研究对象是平均水平的普通人，它要求心理学家用一种更加开放的、欣赏性的眼光去看待人类的潜能、动机和能力等。
它是利用心理学目前已比较完善和有效的实验方法与测量手段,研究人类的力量和美德等积极方面的一个心理学思潮。
积极的心理学从关注人类的疾病和弱点转向关注人类的优秀品质，它有三个层面的含义：第一，从主观体验上看它关心人的积极的主观体验，主要探讨人类的幸福感，满意感，快乐感，建构未来的乐观主义态度和对生活的忠诚；第二，对个人成长而言，积极的心理学主要提供积极的心理特征，如爱的能力，工作的能力，积极地看待世界的方法，创造的勇气，积极的人际关系，审美体验，宽容和智慧灵性等等；第三，积极的心理品质包括一个人的社会性，作为公民的美德，利他行为，对待别人的宽容和职业道德，社会责任感、成为一个健康的家庭成员。
幸福与财富无关。
幸福的人不一定是富人，一个穷人也可以是很快乐的。
积极状态的人不一定富有，但一定是幸福、快乐和乐观的。
塞里格曼——积极心理学之父总结道:“积极心理学是探究人类适应复杂社会的美好行为,关注于构建人类的性格力量和德行的科学。
牛津积极心理学手册Oxford Handbook of Positive Psychology
牛津积极心理学手册Oxford Handbook of Positive Psychology Shane J. Lopez (Author), C.R. Snyder (Author)积极心理学手册Snyder和Lopez主编的《积极心理学手册》的正式出版宣告了积极心理学运动的独立。
牛津大学的积极心理学手册（第二版）是积极心理学新兴领域开创性的参考，这在最近几年，已超越了学术界捕捉广大公众的想象。
该手册提供了一个由大多数人所需要的心理路线图- 那些也不需要接受治疗，但要实现他们的生命去追求。
总共65章总结了在所有领域的相关文献，是国际上最知名的穷其一生的研究成果的汇总。
内容的广度和深度提供了一个在来自不同领域和心理学的各个部门，包括积极心理学无与伦比的跨学科研究的社会，临床，人格，辅导，学校，及发展心理学。
主题不仅包括幸福- 这或许已经在作为整体的大众媒体领域的曲解- 但也希望，力量，积极的情感，生命的渴望，创造力，情感创意，勇气，和更多加上申请指引有什么工作了跨越时间和文化的人。
性格优势与美德分级手册Character Strengths and Virtues: A Handbook and ClassificationChristopher Peterson and Martin Seligman“人类个人优势标准”具体内容积极心理学核心发起人彼得森和塞林格曼通过调查研究，将人类个人优势归结为以下6大类24小类1. 智慧（1）创造性；（2）好奇心；（3）批判性思维；（4）好学；（5）洞察力2. 勇气（6）勇敢；（7）毅力；（8）诚实；（9）热情3. 仁爱（10）爱与被爱的能力；（11）善良；（12）社交智慧4. 公正（13）忠诚；（14）公平；（15）领导力5. 节制（16）宽恕；（17）谦虚；（18）谨慎；（19）自制6. 卓越（20）对美的欣赏；（21）感恩；（22）乐观；（23）幽默；（24）灵性对于以上6大类，24项“人类个人优势标准”的具体解释如下：（1）智慧（wisdom and knowledge）—获取知识、运用知识的认知优势。
《人格心理学》(英文版)自我成长的那些事
《人格心理学》（英文版）自我成长的那些事Introduction:Personality psychology is a branch of psychology that focuses on studying the individual differences in personality and behavior. It seeks to understand the differences between individuals in terms of their thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, and how these differences relate to their environment.Personal growth is an essential concept in this field, and it involves the acquisition of new skills and traits that foster mental, social, and emotional development. The following are some essential aspects of personal growth that are central to personality psychology.Self-awareness:Self-awareness is the ability to understand one's thoughts, emotions, and behaviors, and how they relate to one's environment. This is a crucial element in personal growth because it enables an individual to have a better understanding of themselves, and the impact that they have on others.Self-awareness allows one to recognize their strengths and weaknesses, which enables them to work on improving their weaker areas while maximizing their strengths. It also enables an individual to identify patterns in their behaviors and emotions, which helps them to make beneficial changes.For example, an individual who realizes that their work-lifebalance is affecting their mental and emotional well-being can take steps to improve this by making changes to their routine or taking up a hobby to de-stress.Self-acceptance:Self-acceptance entails accepting oneself as one is, including one's thoughts, emotions, and behaviors. It is a crucial component of personal growth as it allows one to be at peace with themselves, at the same time embracing their areas of growth.Self-acceptance enables one to embrace their unique traits and qualities, without feeling the need to conform to societal expectations. This can enhance self-esteem and self-worth, which can help create a more positive mindset.For example, an individual who is happy with their body image, regardless of societal expectations, is likely to have a better self-image and higher self-confidence.Self-improvement:Self-improvement is the process of continuously working on oneself to develop new skills, gain knowledge, and improve oneself in various aspects of life. It is an ongoing process that requires dedication and commitment to achieve growth and success. Self-improvement can involve setting goals, taking up new hobbies, learning new skills, or adopting a new mindset. It is an essential aspect of personal growth because it enables individuals to strivetowards becoming a better version of themselves.For example, an individual who sets a goal of becoming more assertive in their workplace can work towards developing their communication skills, taking up public speaking classes, or joining a debate club to enhance their skills.Conclusion:Personal growth is an essential concept in personality psychology, and it involves self-awareness, self-acceptance, and self-improvement. These elements play a crucial role in an individual's overall development, enabling them to understand themselves, accept their unique traits, and strive towards becoming a better version of themselves.With self-awareness, individuals can recognize their strengths and weaknesses, adopt a heightened sense of self-acceptance, and work on continuous self-improvement. These elements positively impact one's mindset, self-esteem, and ability to handle stressors.Self-development is an ongoing process that involves a mix of cognitive, emotional, and behavioral interventions in the life of an individual. It requires individuals to take active steps to improve their lifestyles, build healthy relationships, and develop healthy coping mechanisms. Self-awareness, self-acceptance, and self-improvement work together to empower individuals with the necessary tools to make progress in various aspects of life.Self-awareness refers to knowing oneself, understanding personal values, strengths, weaknesses, and emotions. It is the foundation ofself-development. By being self-aware, individuals become conscious of their feelings and emotions, enabling them to understand how they contribute to their overall well-being. Self-awareness fosters introspection, which allows individuals to focus on their self-improvement journey continuously.Besides, self-awareness enhances communication and conflict resolution skills. Individuals who understand their strengths, weaknesses, and emotional triggers can communicate effectively, share their thoughts and feelings, and avoid negative responses to situations. This can positively influence professional and personal relationships.Self-acceptance involves recognizing, embracing, and affirming one's unique traits, strengths, and weaknesses without seeking external validation. With self-acceptance, individuals develop a sense of self-worth and confidence, leading to more assertiveness in various aspects of life. Self-acceptance can improve mental health. When individuals stop comparing themselves with others and embrace their uniqueness, their mental health improves, leading to reduced stress levels, anxiety, and depression.Moreover, self-acceptance promotes self-love, leading to healthy self-esteem. Individuals with healthy self-esteem are not afraid of taking risks, expressing themselves, and chasing their dreams. This trait nurtures resilience, providing individuals with the ability to bounce back from setbacks and adversity.Self-improvement involves engaging in activities that foster growth, development, and learning. It could include learning a newlanguage, skill, or acquiring knowledge through reading books. Self-improvement requires dedication, practice, and commitment towards achieving specific goals, resulting in a more fulfilling life.Besides, self-improvement allows individuals to set and reset goals, enhancing self-motivation, and self-control. Setting realistic goals enhances personal accountability, responsibility and reduces procrastination. These qualities, together with self-awareness and self-acceptance, foster a strong sense of self. Individuals with a strong sense of self can make effective decisions, set boundaries, and make progress in various aspects of life.In conclusion, personal growth is a crucial process that involves self-awareness, self-acceptance, and self-improvement. These elements work together to develop consciousness, improve confidence, and offer pathways for success. Personal growth requires time, practice, and consistency, but it ultimately leads to a deeper understanding of oneself and a more fulfilling life.。
心理幸福感PPT
积极心理学对心理干预的影响
心理学不仅研究病态、弱点和损害，还研究力量和优 点。干预不仅是修复被损坏的东西，而且是培育最好 的东西。
积极心理学的研究已经证实，和一般人相比，“那些 具有积极观念的人具有更良好的社会道德和更佳的社 会适应能力，他们能更轻松地面对压力、逆境和损失 ，即使面临最不利的社会环境，他们也能应付自如。
的论文出现了14次，才会出现一篇关注快乐、 幸福等积极情绪的论文
14:1
积极心理学兴起的背景
二次世界大战後，由于心理问题增加，形成了 心理治疗的疾病模式。少有心理学研究关注普 通人该如何成长，过充实的生活
近年来，学者专家批评： 心理疾病的治疗－过度强调 普通人生活更美好－被忽视 培育与生俱来的天赋－被遗忘
积极心理学对心 理干预的影响
心理学的三大使命 治疗心理疾病 使所有人能过上更好的生活 识别和培育天才
心理学，在过去很长一段时间以来…
过度关 注负面
检索1967年－2000年以来重要心理学文献
关于焦虑(anxiety)的文章有57800篇 关于抑郁(depression)的有70856篇 而提及欢乐（joy)的仅有85l篇 关于幸福(happiness)的有2958篇 其中，居然关注抑郁、焦虑、恐惧等消极情绪
Barbara Fredrickson’s Theory
积极心理学的目标：获得幸福
积极心理学研究的主要目的是改善生活品质，并预防 低潮时心理疾病的发生。
积极心理学的核心目标就是“理解和帮助人们获得幸福 和主观幸福感”。
积极心理学就是要协助“找到并培育人们的天赋及才华 ，使得平凡的生活更具意义和使命感”。
问题的提出
当代心理学的主流是积极心理学（Positive Psychology） 和积极心理治疗（Positive Therapy）。（Seligman ，2002）
The Psychology of Positive Psychology
The Psychology of Positive Psychology Positive psychology is a relatively new field of psychology that has gained a lot of attention in recent years. It is a branch of psychology that focuses on the positive aspects of human behavior and how they can be enhanced to improve well-being and quality of life. Positive psychology is a science that is concerned with understanding how people can lead fulfilling and meaningful lives, and how they can achieve their full potential.One of the key concepts in positive psychology is the idea of resilience. Resilience is the ability to bounce back from adversity and to adapt to change. It is a crucial skill that can help people to overcome challenges and to thrive in difficult circumstances. Resilience is not something that people are born with; it can be developed through practice and training.Another important concept in positive psychology is the idea of positive emotions. Positive emotions are emotions that make people feel good, such as happiness, joy, and contentment. Research has shown that positive emotions can have a range of benefits, including improved physical health, increased creativity, and better social relationships. Positive emotions can be cultivated through a range of activities, such as meditation, mindfulness, and gratitude practices.Positive psychology also emphasizes the importance of relationships and social connections. Research has shown that people who have strong social connections are happier, healthier, and more resilient than those who are socially isolated. Positive psychology encourages people to build and maintain strong relationships with family, friends, and colleagues, and to participate in social activities that bring them joy and fulfillment.Another important aspect of positive psychology is the idea of personal growth and development. Positive psychology encourages people to set goals and to work towards achieving them. It emphasizes the importance of self-reflection and self-awareness, and encourages people to identify their strengths and weaknesses and to work on developing their skills and abilities. Positive psychology also encourages people to seek out newexperiences and challenges, and to embrace opportunities for personal growth and development.Finally, positive psychology emphasizes the importance of meaning and purpose in life. Research has shown that people who have a sense of meaning and purpose in life are happier, healthier, and more resilient than those who do not. Positive psychology encourages people to identify their values and to work towards goals that are aligned with those values. It also encourages people to find meaning and purpose in their work, their relationships, and their hobbies and interests.In conclusion, positive psychology is a fascinating and important field of psychology that has a lot to offer in terms of improving well-being and quality of life. It emphasizes the importance of resilience, positive emotions, relationships, personal growth and development, and meaning and purpose in life. By focusing on these key concepts, positive psychology can help people to lead happier, healthier, and more fulfilling lives.。
Positive Psychology积极心理学
Wikipedia 2018
2
ORIGINS OF POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY
（积极心理学的起hoto by Unknown Author is licensed
13
做一个乐观主义者
TIPS FOR OVERALL WELL-BEING
（提升总体幸福感小窍门）
保持联系
接受你自己
练习专注力
寻找目标
幸福小窍门
运动 表达感恩
掌控你的环境
拥有希望
14
FIVE HABITS TO PRACTICE DAILY
（参与）
（关系）
Martin Seligman’s PERMA
（马丁的PERMA模型）
（积极情绪）
（幸福理论）
（成就）
Martin Seligman’s, Flourish, 2011
（活力） （意义）
3
POSITIVE EMOTIONS
（积极情绪）
Positive emotions are an essential part of our well-being. Happy people look back on the past with delight; look into the future with hope; and they enjoy and cherish the present. （积极情绪是我们幸福的重要组成部分。快乐的人带着喜
• “the scientific study of positive human functioning and flourishing on multiple levels that include the biological, personal, relational, institutional, cultural, and global dimensions of life“ – Martin Seligman and Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi（对积极的人类功能和多层次繁荣的科学性研
1 IntroSeligman——positive psychology.
© Mark Williams
Enhancing mindfulness by STOP
S T O P Stop what you are doing Smile Take a breath Take some time (count to 5) Observe your body & relax it Observe (body, mind, sensations) Pause to notice a wonderful thing Proceed with what your were doing
© Mark Williams
Who is he? What did he do?
© Mark Williams
Prof. Dr. Martin Seligman, 1998 President American Psychological Association, “father” father” and world leader of Positive Psychology, Director of the Positive Psychology Center, University of Pennsylvania
Judge, T. A., & Hurst, C. (2007).
© Mark Williams
Positivity and Income
• Highly positive people made a lot more money than low positive people (on average). • Participants with a high school score of 2.0, low positive people made $50,100 (average) at age 50, but high positive people made $64,620 (average). • With a high school score of 4.0, low positive people made $49,389 (average), while high positive people made $100,764 (average).
《积极心理学》写日记 中英文讲稿
《积极心理学》写日记中英文讲稿积极心理学写日记Positive Psychology Diary[日期] Date: [月/日] [Month/Day]今天是一个美好的一天，我想借此机会记录下自己的心情和对积极心理学的思考。
积极心理学是一门研究人类幸福、满意和积极情感的学科，旨在帮助人们更好地理解自己，提高生活质量。
Today has been a wonderful day, and I want to take this opportunity to record my feelings and thoughts on positive psychology. Positive psychology is a discipline that studies human well-being, satisfaction, and positive emotions. It aims to help individuals gain a better understanding of themselves and improve their quality of life.早上，我醒来时就迎着阳光微笑。
我想，今天我可以利用自己积极的心态和能量去面对任何挑战。
在穿好整洁的衣服后，我做了一会儿冥想，让自己平静下来，准备开始全新的一天。
In the morning, I woke up with a smile, facing the sunshine. I thought to myself that today I could approach any challenges with a positive mindset and energy. After dressing neatly, I spent some time meditating to calm myself down and prepare for a brand-new day.早餐后，我决定运动一下。
心理咨询师培训课件《小学生积极心理学》
什么是积极心理学
积极心理学提倡用主动、乐观、开放、欣赏的心态 看待事物，是着力研究普通人的幸福、发展、快乐 的科学。主要体现在三方面：一是从主观层面研究 人的积极心理体验。强调人要满意地对待过去，幸 福地感受现在，乐观地面对未来。二是从个体层面 研究积极的特质。如培养积极的人格特质，增强积 极的情感体验。三是从群体层面研究积极的社会组 织系统。如公民美德的培养、社会责任感、利他主 义、职业道德等等。（中国式过马路、贴标签、讨工资）
下肢发育加快现象
因为身体的下半部分生长较快，儿童的腿显得比幼儿期 更长。女孩身体稍微有点胖，男孩肌肉稍微发达一些。 8岁以后，女孩开始以更快的速度增加脂肪，在青少年 期速度更快。
美国小学生
【第一节 身体发育】
中国小3学4 生
从体内机能的发育来看，小学生的心脏和血管在 不断增长，其容积没有成人的大，但新陈代谢快， 所以小学生心跳速度比成人快。从肺的发育来看， 六七岁儿童肺的结构就已发育完成，至十二岁时 已发育得较为完善，儿童的肺活量在这一阶段也 迅速增加，表明肺功能不断发展。
从习得无助、习得乐观到积极心理学
Seligman开创了习得无助和习得乐观的研究领域。 20世纪末他树立起积极心理学的大旗，将心理学引
向探索和促进人类性格力量发展和美德完善的轨道， 反转了20世纪中后期心理学过分关注人性的消极面 和弱点的研究取向，界定了积极心理学三个明确的 研究领域：积极情感体验、积极人格特征和积极社 会制度。（人本主义心理学思想） 近年来他致力于研究人类的美德和优势，并提出运 用美德和优势治疗心理疾病的积极心理治疗理论。
如果青少年具备前了5个C，那么通常会获得第6个C，
即“contribution”
— to Self, family, community
高一英语心理学知识单选题30题
高一英语心理学知识单选题30题1.Psychology is the scientific study of _____.A.behavior and mental processesnguage and communicationC.math and scienceD.history and culture答案：A。
心理学是对行为和心理过程的科学研究。
选项B 语言和交流不是心理学的主要研究对象；选项C 数学和科学也不是心理学的研究范畴；选项D 历史和文化也不属于心理学的研究内容。
2.Who is known as the father of psychology?A.Sigmund FreudB.William JamesC.John WatsonD.Ivan Pavlov答案：B。
威廉·詹姆斯被称为心理学之父。
西格蒙德·弗洛伊德是精神分析学派创始人；约翰·华生是行为主义心理学代表人物；伊万·巴甫洛夫以经典条件反射实验闻名。
3.The famous Stanford Prison Experiment was conducted by _____.gramB.ZimbardoC.AschD.Piaget答案：B。
著名的斯坦福监狱实验是由津巴多进行的。
米尔格拉姆进行了服从权威实验；阿希进行了从众实验；皮亚杰是儿童心理学家。
4.Psychologists who study how people think, learn, and remember are called _____.A.cognitive psychologistsB.social psychologistsC.developmental psychologistsD.clinical psychologists答案：A。
研究人们如何思考、学习和记忆的心理学家被称为认知心理学家。
社会心理学家研究人与人之间的互动；发展心理学家研究人的成长和发展；临床心理学家主要处理心理障碍。
积极心理学读后感英文
积极心理学读后感英文**Positive Psychology: Reflections after Reading**After delving into the realm of Positive Psychology, I've come to appreciate the profound impact it can have on one's mindset and overall well-being. The focus on fostering positivity and resilience, rather than solely dwelling on negativity and psychopathology, offers a refreshing perspective on mental health.深入探究积极心理学领域后，我深刻体会到它对个人心态和整体幸福感产生的深远影响。
积极心理学不仅关注负面心理和病理状态，更着重于培养积极情绪和复原力，为心理健康带来了全新的视角。
The book highlights the importance of cultivating gratitude, optimism, and a sense of purpose in life. These elements, it argues, are crucial in shaping a fulfilling and meaningful existence. Gratitude helps us appreciate the good in our lives, optimism encourages us to see possibilities even in challenging situations, and a sense of purpose gives us direction and a reason to keep going.书中强调了培养感恩、乐观和人生目标感的重要性。
积极人格理论评述
西南交通大学学报（社会科学版）2012年3月JOURNAL OF SOUTHWEST JIAOTONG UNIVERSITYMar．2012第13卷第2期（Social Sciences ）Vol．13No．2收稿日期：2011-04-18作者简介：肖盛兰（1980－），女，重庆市人。
硕士研究生，主要从事发展与教育心理学研究。
E-mail ：lanmeimei129@sina．com 。
积极人格理论评述肖盛兰（浙江师范大学教师教育学院，浙江金华321004）关键词：人格；人格心理学；积极心理学；积极人格理论；解释风格理论；积极人格特质摘要：积极人格理论反思和批判了传统人格心理学研究中所存在的问题，认为人格形成过程受先天因素和后天因素共同影响。
目前，积极人格理论的研究主要包括解释风格理论和积极人格特质研究等。
解释风格理论可以尝试让人们通过改变归因方式或增进积极体验来转变一个人的解释风格，并帮助其形成乐观型解释风格。
而积极人格理论倡导人格心理学研究应把关注点更多地放在积极的心理品质和美德上，不仅要注重人格特质的研究，还要关注问题人格的矫正及健康人格的培养，以提升人类的生活幸福感，促进全人类的和谐发展。
中图分类号：B84文献标志码：A文章编号：1009－4474（2012）02－0095－04Commentary of Positive Personality TheoryXIAO Sheng-lan（School of Teacher's Education ，Zhejiang Normal University ，Jinhua 321004，China ）Key words ：personality ；psychology of personality ；positive psychology ；positive personality theory ；explanatory style ；positive traits of personalityAbstract ：Research on personality is an important aspect of psychological study．The positive personality theory of positive psychology closely correlates with the personality theory of humanistic psychology．Like the personality theory of humanistic psychology ，the positive personality theory focuses on the positive aspects of personality．But its research is much more profound with less emphasis on people's initiative and “basically good ”theory．The positive personality theory criticizes drawbacks in the traditional personality psychology．In the light of such ，personality is not static and the formation of personality is an individual's active construction process influenced by the congenital factors and acquired factors．The positive personality theory advocates that the psychology of personality should focus more on positive psychological personalities and virtues ，which should put emphasis not only on the study of personality traits ，but also on the correction of personality and the cultivation of healthy personalities to enhance the happiness of human life and to promote the harmonious development of mankind．Currently ，the research of positive personality theory mainly includes studies of explanatory style theory and positive traits of personality．一、人格与积极心理学的定义对人格的研究一直是心理学界所关注的热点，然而何为人格？对此的定义可谓众说纷纭，不同领域的研究者对人格的定义各不相同，其中Pervin 的定义比较有代表性。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
Happiness Levels
Positive Psychology could make u happier than your old self.
Positive Psychology could make your Psychological immune system stronger. It doesn‟t mean you won‟t be sad and ill ,but it means you can recover promptly when you are down.
When we lose the person we love, we feel how wonderful if she or he could be back.
We only treasure the things we usually regard them as usual when we lost them. Lets refresh the usual things we have and look at them again from a different perspective.
Activity – Part 2
In your groups, help each other find the positives in their daily lives.
Example: What or who makes you annoyed or frustrated? Person says: My mother keeps nagging at me. Different perspective: You are blessed to have your mother be with you.
The Story of Jack
This is Jack.
Jack is very happy after being admitted to college. For months, he feels very successful. Few months later, he is nervous again, he needs to work hard to find a good job. After much effort and competing he finally wins his competition and is recruited by a really famous company. He feels good and proud of himself. However, he is soon depressed again. He needs to get a promotion……..
Practical Tip 2: Being Grateful
Activity – Part 1
Work in threes. In your groups, share
What or who makes you annoyed or frustrated? What makes you upset or tired? What is your daily routine? How do you feel about them?
How did that feel?
Friends around you comfort you saying ‘Don’t be nervous’, ‘Don’t be stressed’, ‘You can do it’ How did you feel ? If some to make you feel better, what would that be?
Practical tips to become a Happier Person
Sophia Zhang
How long did you happy moment last? Were you constantly happy?
When you are being cheated, you are sad and crying, When your family member leave you , you are grieving, When your get ill , you think you are in a bad situation
But after a while, be it days or months , you return to your normal happiness level.
Happiness Levels
Happy
Happiness Level
Sad
Our emotional state fluctuates constantly but we always go back to a neutral state.
There are several ways to get to the end goal Enjoys the moment
B
B
A
A
Why Perfectionism
People too often praise someone for the outcome and not the process. The concept of failure becomes something fearful.
Before we begin Right now let us imagine an elephant walking towards us.
Don’t think of pink elephants.
What came to mind?
Lets try another
Recall a time when you were nervous about an examination or interview or competition.
We end up not wanting to fail.
But, failure is an option. It is through failing that we learn. Great leaders would say, ‘ to succeed, hasten your rate of failure.’
Thanks for the dog accompanying with me always. Thanks for the coffee refresh my brain. Thanks for knowing Shane organizing such perfect activity. Thanks for the PPT right now reminding me to be happier
What did you do to cope?
What did you do that made you feel better?
Permission to be Human
Practical Tip 1: Meditation
Emotion
Zero
Negative emotion
Note: zero emotions is not the same being sad
Company Logo
Don’t Regret
Our negative experiences allow us to appreciate what we have so much more.
When we are tired, then we have a rest, we feel happy . When we are ill, we find it important to keep healthy.
What do we see?
Perfectionism
Half the bottle is empty.
Excellent
Half of the bottle is full
Perfectionism vs Excellence
Perfectionism Perfectionism is the person who wants to be perfect. An incapacitating fear of failure that permeates all our lives especially those area we care about most. Defensive Its all or nothing, perfect or failure, afraid of failure. in order to keep that facade, that perfect image. (only one way) There is only one right way Experience only temporary relief, stressful, Excellence A person committed to perfection can still be as ambitious. The difference between the two is just the approach towards the journey. Welcomes Criticism The journey is as important as the outcome ,knows learn to fail ,fail to learn.
Imagine all these “thank you”s and your imagination makes you happier and happier. Do this ”thank you ” activity every day and every day you think of different things. You are into positive thinking and you are happier.