unit 6研究生英语读与写(第三版)-
研究生英语(人大版第三版)u6
PPaarrtt3 1(0P-a1r2a10-12)
• [10] we must accept our losses,and learn how to let go.
• 为了要解决这个矛盾，我们必须寻找一个较为广阔的视角 ，透过通向永恒的窗口来观看我们的生命。
• [15] Life is never just being.
• 生命绝不只是存在。
• The beauty we fashion cannot be dimmed by death.Our flesh may ,our hands will wither,but that which they create in beauty and goodness and truth lives on for all time to come.
when to hold fast and when to let go.
• 生活的秘诀在于懂得何时抓紧，何时放松。
Part 2 (para.2~9)
Main idea :
• [2]Surely we ought to hold fast to life, for it is wondrous,and full of a beauty that breaks through every pore of God's own earth.
• 我们创造的美好的东西不会因为我们的死亡而暗 淡无光。我们的肉体会消亡，我们的双手也会枯 萎，但它们在真善美中所创造的一切将在日后长 存!
• [16]Pursue not so much the material as the ideal,for ideals alone invest life with meaning and are of enduring worth.
医学院校研究生英语读与写(第三版)词汇题与完形整理
The doctor patient-relationship is the foundation of modern medical ethics. What will be the touchstone the profession may need with the charge of the doctor-relationship? 医患关系是现代医德的基础。
在医生关系的管理上，这个行业可能需要什么样的试金石？First of all, instead of governing the doctor-patient relationship by altrusim and fidelity, more patients and doctors meet each other while under contract than ever before and usually neither has truly free choice in the matter. 首先，与以往任何时候相比，更多的病人和医生在合同期内见面，而不是通过高视阔步和忠诚来管理医患关系，在这件事上，他们通常医生来说是很少见的，因为他们需要与成对和不成对的医生按照小组安排来照顾同一个家庭的几代人，并由管理式医疗计划选择和取消选择。
Thirdly, the information learned from or about the patient seems to be wide open and confidentiality of medical records seems like food for earthworms. Medical practice in no longer personal and the managed care's ethical foundation is population-based.第三，从病人身上学到的或关于病人的信息似乎是公开的，医疗记录的保密性似乎是蚯蚓的食物。
研究生英语精读教程第三版Unit1,Unit3,Unit5,Unit6
Unit One你认为自己是什么样的人，那你就是什么样的人如果你改变想法——从悲观变为乐观——你就可以改变自己的生活卡勒普-撒弗兰[1] 你看酒杯是半杯有酒而不是半杯空着的吗?你的眼睛是盯着炸面圈，而不是它中间的孔吗? 当研究者们自细观察积极思维的作用时，这些陈辞滥调突然问都成了科学问题。
[2] 迅速增多的大量研究工作——迄今已有104个研究项目，涉及大约15 000人——证明乐观的态度可以使你更快乐、更健康、更成功。
与此相反，悲观则导致无望、疾病以及失败，并与沮丧、孤独及令人苦恼的腼腆密切相关。
位于休斯敦莱斯大学的心理学家克雷格·A·安德森说：“如果我们能够教会人们更积极地思考，那就如同为他们注射了预防这些心理疾病的疫苗。
”[3] “你的能力固然重要，”匹兹堡的卡内基一梅降大学的心理学家迈克尔·F·沙伊尔说，“但你成功的信念影响到你是否真能成功，”在某种程度上，这是由于乐观者和悲观者以截然不同的方式对待同样的挑战和失望。
[4] 以你的工作为例。
宾夕法尼亚大学的心理学家马丁·E·P·塞利棉曼与同事彼得·舒尔曼在一项重要研究中对大都市人寿保险公司的推销员进行了广泛调察。
他们发现，存工龄较长的推销员中，积极思考比消极思考者要多推销37％的保险额。
机新雇用的推销员中，乐观主义者则多销了20％。
[5] 公司受到了触动，便雇用了100名虽未通过标准化企业测试但在态度乐观一项得分很高的人。
这些本来可能根本不会被雇用的人售出的保险额高出推销员的平均额10％。
[6] 他们是如何做的呢？据塞利格曼说，乐观主义者成功的秘诀就在于他的“解释方式”。
出了问题之后，悲观主义者倾向于自责。
他说：“我不善于做这种事，我总是失败。
”乐观主义者则寻找漏洞，他责怪天气、抱怨电话线路、或者甚至怪罪别人。
他认为，是那个客户当时情绪不好。
当一切顺利时，乐观主义者居功自傲而悲观主义者只把成功视为侥幸。
新视野大学英语第三版读写教程第三册UNIT6课文及翻译(A+B篇)
TEXT AUnder the bombs: 19451945：在炮火攻击下1 Today, when I look back, I'm surprised that I recall the beginning so vividly; it's still clearly fixed in my mind with all its coloring and emotional intensity. It begins with my suddenly noticing 12 distant silver points in the clear brilliant sky filled with an unfamiliar abnormal hum. I'm seven years old, standing in a meadow, and staring at the points barely moving across the sky.如今，当我回首往事，我很惊讶我居然能如此生动地回忆起轰炸开始的情况，那天的色彩和紧张的情绪仍然清晰地印在我的脑海中。
那天，我突然发现在晴朗的天空中出现了12个银色的小点儿，离我很远，发出不正常的嗡嗡声，这种声音我以前从来没听过。
那年我七岁，就这样站在一片草地上，盯着天空中几乎不怎么移动的小点儿。
2 Suddenly, nearby, at the edge of the forest, there's the tremendous roar of bombs exploding. From my standpoint, I see gigantic fountains of earth spraying upward. I want to run toward this extraordinary spectacle; it terrorizes and fascinates me. I have not yet grown accustomed to war and can't relate into a single chain of causes and effects these airplanes, the roar of the bombs, the earth radiating out from the forest, and my seemingly inevitable death. Unable to conceive of the danger, I start running toward the forest, in the direction of the falling bombs. But a hand claws at me and tugs me to the ground. "Stay down," I hear my mother's trembling voice, "Don't move!" And I remember that my mother, pressing me to her, is saying something that I don't yet know exists, whose meaning I don't understand: That way is death.突然，就在附近，森林的边缘，我听到有巨大的炸弹爆炸的声音。
《研究生英语精读教程》(第三版下)Unit 6课文
Unit Six Culture ShockKalvero ObergCulture shock might be called an occupational disease of people who have been suddenly transplanted abroad. Like most ailments, it has its own symptoms and cure.Culture shock is precipitated by the anxiety that results from losing all our familiar signs and symbols of social intercourse. Those signs or cues include the thousand and one ways in which we orient ourselves to the situation of daily life; when to shake hands and what to say when we meet people, when and how to give tips, how to make purchases, when to accept and when to refuse invitations, when to take statements seriously and when not. These cues, which may be words, gestures, facial expressions, customs, or norms, are acquired by all of us in the course of growing up and are as much a part of our culture as the language we speak or the beliefs we accept. All of us depend for our peace of mind and our efficiency on hundreds of these cues, most of which we do not carry on the level of conscious awareness.Now when an individual enters a strange culture, all or most of these familiar cues are removed. He or she is like a fish out of water. No matter how broad-minded or full of goodwill you may be, a series of props have been knocked from under you, followed by a feeling of frustration and anxiety. People react to the frustration in much the same way. First they reject the environment which causes the discomfort. "The ways of the host country are bad because they make us feel bad." When foreigners in a strange land get together to grouse about the host country and its people, you can be sure they are suffering from culture shock. Another phase of culture shock is regression. The home environment suddenly assumes a tremendous importance. To the foreigner everything becomes irrationally glorified. All the difficulties and problems are forgotten and only the good things back home are remembered. It usually takes a trip home to bring one back to reality.Some of the symptoms of culture shock are excessive washing of the hands, excessive concern over drinking water, food dishes, and bedding; fear of physical contact with attendants, the absent-minded stare; a feeling of helplessness and a desire for dependence on long-term residents of one's own nationality; fits of anger over minor frustrations; great concern over minor pains and eruptions of the skin; and finally, that terrible longing to be back home.Individuals differ greatly in the degree in which culture shock affects them. Although not common, there are individuals who cannot live in foreign countries. However, those who have seen people go through culture shock and on to a satisfactory adjustment can discern steps in the process.During the first few weeks most individuals are fascinated by the new. They stay in hotels and associate with nationals who speak their language and are polite and gracious to foreigners.This honeymoon stage may last from a few days or weeks to six months, depending on circumstances. If one is very important, he or she will be shown the show places, will be pampered and petted, and in a press interview will speak glowingly about goodwill and international friendship.But this mentality does not normally last if the foreign visitor remains abroad and has seriously to cope with real conditions of life. It is then that the second stage begins, characterized by a hostile and aggressive attitude toward the host country. This hostility evidently grows out of the genuine difficulty which the visitor experiences in the process of adjustment. There are house troubles, transportation troubles, shopping troubles, and the fact that people in the host country are largely indifferent to all these troubles. They help, but they don't understand your great concern over these difficulties. Therefore, they must be insensitive and unsympathetic to you and your worries. The result, “I just don't like them.” You become aggressive, you band together with others from your country and criticize the host country, its ways, and its people. But this criticism is not an objective appraisal. Instead of trying to account for the conditions and the historical circumstances which have created them, you talk as if the difficulties you experience are more or less created by the people of the host country for your special discomfort.You take refuge in the colony of others from your country which often becomes the fountainhead of emotionally charged labels known as stereotypes. This is a peculiar kind of offensive shorthand which caricatures the host country and its people in a negative manner. The "dollar grasping American" and the "indolent Latin Americans“are samples of mild forms of stereotypes. The second stage of culture shock is in a sense a crisis in the disease. If you come out of it, you stay; if not, you leave before you reach the stage of a nervous breakdown.If visitors succeed in getting some knowledge of the language and begin to get around by themselves, they are beginning to open the way into the new cultural environment. Visitors still have difficulties but they take a "this is my problem and I have to bear it" attitude. Usually in this stage visitors take a superior attitude to people of the host country. Their sense of humor begins to exert itself. Instead of criticizing, they joke about the people and even crack jokes about their own difficulties. They are now on the way to recovery.In the fourth stage, your adjustment is about as complete as it can be. The visitor now accepts the customs of the country as just another way of living. You operate within the new surroundings without a feeling of anxiety, although there are moments of social strain. Only with a complete grasp of all the cues of social intercourse will this strain disappear. For a long time the individual will understand what the national is saying but is not always sure what the national means. With a complete adjustment you not only accept the food, drinks, habits, and customs, but actually begin to enjoy them. When you go home on leave, you may even take things back with you; and if you leave for good, you generally miss the country and the people to whom you became accustomed.。
新视野大学英语第三版读写教程第三册Unit 6 Section A-Under the bombs：1945
Listen to a short passage about “Iraq war takes its toll on children” and fill in the missing information.
The U.N. Children's Fund says children in Kurdistan in northern Iraq thriving are___________ and the situation in southern Iraq has become more stable. It says security has improved in Baghdad and the surrounding areas since the sosurge called troop ________began in February.
Listen to a short passage about “Iraq war takes its toll on children”and fill in the missing information.
2. What does war inevitably cause?
新视野大学英语第三版读写教程第三册UNIT6课文及翻译(A+B篇)
TEXT AUnder the bombs: 19451945：在炮火攻击下1 Today, when I look back, I'm surprised that I recall the beginning so vividly; it's still clearly fixed in my mind with all its coloring and emotional intensity. It begins with my suddenly noticing 12 distant silver points in the clear brilliant sky filled with an unfamiliar abnormal hum. I'm seven years old, standing in a meadow, and staring at the points barely moving across the sky.如今，当我回首往事，我很惊讶我居然能如此生动地回忆起轰炸开始的情况，那天的色彩和紧张的情绪仍然清晰地印在我的脑海中。
那天，我突然发现在晴朗的天空中出现了12个银色的小点儿，离我很远，发出不正常的嗡嗡声，这种声音我以前从来没听过。
那年我七岁，就这样站在一片草地上，盯着天空中几乎不怎么移动的小点儿。
2 Suddenly, nearby, at the edge of the forest, there's the tremendous roar of bombs exploding. From my standpoint, I see gigantic fountains of earth spraying upward. I want to run toward this extraordinary spectacle; it terrorizes and fascinates me. I have not yet grown accustomed to war and can't relate into a single chain of causes and effects these airplanes, the roar of the bombs, the earth radiating out from the forest, and my seemingly inevitable death. Unable to conceive of the danger, I start running toward the forest, in the direction of the falling bombs. But a hand claws at me and tugs me to the ground. "Stay down," I hear my mother's trembling voice, "Don't move!" And I remember that my mother, pressing me to her, is saying something that I don't yet know exists, whose meaning I don't understand: That way is death.突然，就在附近，森林的边缘，我听到有巨大的炸弹爆炸的声音。
新视野英语教程第三版读写教程Unit6课件
Unit6DirectionNew Year’s Day has always been the time when people look ahead and hope for the luck they want. Long ago, in many cultures, people thought they could affect the luck they would have in the coming year by what they did or ate on the first day of the year. For that reason, it has become common for people to spend the New Year’s Day with their family members. Even today people still believe that anything in the shape of ring is good luck, and that if the first visitor on New Year’s Day is a tall dark-haired man, it will bring good luck to the rest of the year.even.1)[C](宗教节日或假日的)前夜，前夕He went to bed on Christmas Eve very early.In the United States, many people go to New Year’s Eve parties.2)(重大事件发生的)前夕，前一刻He could hardly go to sleep on the eve of his visit to China.She felt nervous on the eve of her examination.celebration n. 庆祝，庆祝会She was persuaded to come to the annual celebration party.The party was in celebration of their parents’ golden wedding anniversary.celebrate v. 庆祝，举行(仪式，庆典)They celebrated his 80th birthday yesterday.It has become a custom among them to celebrate the birthday with a party.ancientadj. 1)古代的The story took place in ancient Greece.The ancient Romans conquered many countries.2)古老的，旧的In Rome, we visited some ancient temples.measurevt.测量Time is measured by the hour, minute and second.n.[C] 措施，方法We must take measures right away.The shop took some new measures to attract more customers.unitedadj. 1)(政治上的)联合，联盟The matter was referred to the United Nations.This book deals with life in the United States.2)一致的，团结的They are a very united family.We can surely overcome these difficulties as long as we are closely untied.western 西方（国家、世界）的，西部的Self-esteem is important in Western culture for two reasons.importance n. 重要，重大，重要性We shouldn’t ignore the importance of agriculture in a country.Governments now realize the importance of environmental protection.give importance to重视We should give much importance to English learning.festivaln. 1)(尤指宗教的)节日Mid-Autumn Festival中秋节Spring Festival春节Lantern Festival 元宵节（Tomb-sweeping Day 清明节）Dragon Boat Festival 端午节2）（定期在某地举行的）节庆，活动the Edinburgh Festival爱丁堡艺术节A Chinese film won an award at the Italian Film Festival last year.bring in把….带进来；引入They brought in different customs and cultures.他们带来了不同的风俗和文化。
研究生精读教程(第三版)PPT下册Unit 6 Culture Shock
Menu
People react to the frustration in much the same way. First they reject the environment which causes the discomfort. "The ways of the host country are bad because they make us feel bad." When foreigners in a strange land get together to grouse* about the host country and its people, you can be sure they are suffering from culture shock.
1. precipitate v. cause to happen; hasten the coming of (an unwanted event)引起；加速来临
2. Intercourse n. interaction, interchange互相作用, 交际, 交 往
Menu
Those signs or cues include the thousand and one ways in which we orient* ourselves to the situation of daily life; when to shake hands and what to say when we meet people, when and how to give tips, how to make purchases, when to accept and when to refuse invitations, when to take statements seriously and when not.
新视野大学英语3读写教程(第三版)u6
Listen to a short passage about “Iraq war takes its toll on children”and fill in the missing information.
But, UNICEF spokeswoman, Claire Hajaj, volatile tells VOA Iraq is still a __________and dangerous place. security “Better ________does not mean secure. And, the second thing is as we see communities begin to open up because of greater_________, we can see the needs access that may have been hidden for a long time.”
— Gilbert Parker(Canadian novelist and British politician)
I am sure that if the mothers of various nations could meet, there would be no more wars.
— E. M. Forster(British novelist)
Under the bombs: 1945 Humanities
3. What does the history of the atomic bomb show to us?
The idea of using nuclear weapons in an attempt to exercise global control is already bankrupt. It is morally bankrupt because it led to the sacrifice of the city – contrary to the international law despite the fact that there was military necessity—in pursuit of America’s quest to be the global leader. It is practically bankrupt because the actual result was an out-of-control nuclear arms race and secondly, a significant contribution to the Cold War and to the hot wars of Korea and Vietnam.
研究生英语读写译Unit6答案
研究生英语读写译Unit6答案Unit 6Text AII. VocabularyA.1. pledge2. split3. shield4. end up inheriting5. formulated6. endeavor7. Bonds8. is greatly at oddsB.1. undo2. reject3. endeavor4. shield5. ended up6. renewal7. eradicate8. committed9. anew 10. shrankIII. Grammar & StructureA.On November 22, 1963, the day President John F. Kennedy wasassassinated, I was a 13- years- old freshman attending Mount St. Joseph’s High School, a Catholic school in Baltimore,Maryland. I remembered exactly where I was when I heard the first whispered rumor ---- in the hallway on my way to a sixth period biology class. I recollect just as distinctly what I heard: “Some Cu ban guy worked for Castro shot the President!” It wasn’t long after I heard a new explanation for the P resident’s murder: “It was a Russian agent working for Khrushchev!” None of us knew which was the more shocking or potential dangerous rumor.In the blur of that first horrible day came yet another news report, this one stating that the President had being shot by a former Marine hiding in a book warehouse and using a German Mauser-type rifle. Hours later, the Dallas police took such a man for custody five miles away, in a Dallas movie theater. Two days later, by the end of that paralyzingly sad weekend, the story of JFK’s assassination had turned into 180 degrees: Now, according to most of the reports, the President had been shot in the back on the head by a Castro sympathizer using an Italian rifle.I couldn’t help but∧intrigued. 1. 13-year-old2. remember3. working4. before5. potentially6. been7. into8. /9. of10. beB.1. D2. C3. A4. D5. B6. B7. A8. C9. B 10. AIV. TranslationThe 1960s saw the instable international situation, the people of the third world countries demanding independence, fighting for democracy and freedom. At that time, the American economy remained weak; the political situation was unstable; the government officials were lack of guts and brains. The American people were looking forward to the new president making vigorous efforts to change the situation.In the campaign John F. Kennedy creatively put forward the “New Frontier” policy, which to a certain extent reflected the strong desire of the American government and people to revive.On January 20, 1961, about 2000 people gathered on Capitol Hill, witnessing the inauguration ceremony of the new president. 43-year-old Kennedy mounted the rostrum with vigorous strides, and delivered the exciting, unforgettable inaugural address. People not only cheered for his address, but also often mentioned it in the same breath with those by Washington, Jefferson and Lincoln.After taking office, facing the deteriorating economic situation, John F. Kennedy practiced the economic theory by British economist Keynes, implemented a series of policies to stimulate American economy and effectively boost the economy.His daring, courage and spirit of adventure help him win the support of the U.S. bourgeoisie, making him a rare one of American postwar presidents.Text BComprehension & AppreciationA.1. A2. D3. A4. C5. B6. DB.1.本人有幸两次当选总统，为大家服务，并和你们一道使我们的国家更加繁荣昌盛地步入21世纪。
新视野大学英语(第三版)读写教程Unit 6-Section B-What does feminism really mean
Reading for supporting details
They trained horses, stocked furnaces, made tires, stood on assembly lines, welding parts onto refrigerators and lubricating car engines. In the evenings and on weekends, they labored equally hard, working on their own small tract of land, fixing broken-down cars, repairing broken shutters and drafty windows. In their little free time, they drowned their livers in beer from cheap copper mugs at a bar near the local brewery or racecourse. (Para. 1)
Reading for supporting details
Example When I was a boy growing up off the grid in the Commonwealth of Virginia, the men I knew labored with their bodies from the first rooster crow in the morning to sundown. They were marginal farmers, shepherds, just scraping by, or welders, steelworkers, carpenters; they built cabinets, dug ditches, mined coal, or drove trucks, their forearms thick with muscle.
研究生英语精读教程(第三版_上)第6单元英文原文及翻译和课后答案
Unit SixTwo Truths to Live ByHold fast, and let go:understand this paradox*, and you standat thevery gate of wisdomAlexander M. Schindler[ 1 ] The art of living is to know when to hold fast and when to let go. For life is a paradox: it enjoins* us to cling to* its many gifts even while it ordains* their eventual relinquishment*The rabbis* of old put it this way: "A man comes to this world with his fist clenched*, but when he dies, his hand is open."[1] 生活的秘诀在于懂得何时抓紧，何时放松。
因为人生就是一对矛盾：它既令我们抓紧人生的多种赐与，同时它又要我们到头来把这些赐与放弃。
老一辈犹太学者是这样说的：“ 一个人握紧拳头来到这个世界，但他却是松开手掌离开这世界的。
”[ 2 ] Surely we ought to hold fast to life, for it is wondrous*, and full of a beauty that breaks through* every pore* of God's own earth. We know that this is so, but all too often we recognize this truth only in our backward glance when we remember what it was and then suddenly realize that it is no more.[2] 毫无疑问，我们应该牢牢抓住生命，因为它奇妙，它有一种在上帝创造的世界里无孔不入、无处不在的美。
研究生英语阅读教程第三版课文Lesson6
A Beautiful MindSylvia Nasar[1]John Forbes Nash, Jr. —mathematical genius, inventor of a theory of rational behavior, visionary of the thinking machine —had been sitting with his visitor, also a mathematician, for nearly half an hour. It was late on a weekday afternoon in the spring of 1959, and, though it was only May, uncomfortably warm. Nash was slumped in an armchair in one corner of the hospital lounge, carelessly dressed in a nylon shirt that hung limply over his unbelted trousers. His powerful frame was slack as a rag doll’s, his finely molded features expressionless. He had been staring dully at a spot immediately in front of the left foot of Harvard professor George Mackey, hardly moving except to brush his long dark hair away from his forehead in a fitful, repetitive motion. His visitor sat upright, oppressed by the silence, acutely conscious that the doors to the room were locked. Mackey finally could contain himself no longer. His voice was slightly querulous, but he strained to be gentle. “How could you,” began Mackey, “how could you, a mathematician, a man devoted to reason and logical proof... how could you believe that extraterrestrials are sending you messages? How could you believe that you are being recruited by aliens from outer space to save the world? How could you ...?”[2]Nash looked up at last and fixed Mackey with an unblinking stare as cool and dispassionate as that of any bird or snake. “Because,” Nash said slowly in his soft, reasonable southern drawl, as if talking to himself, “the ideas I had about supernatural beings came to me the same way that my mathematical ideas did. So I took them seriously.”[3]The young genius from Bluefield, West Virginia—handsome, arrogant, and highly eccentric—burst onto the mathematical scene in 1948. Over the next decade, a decade as notable for its supreme faith in human rationality as for its dark anxieties about mankind's survival, Nash proved himself, in the words of the eminent geometer Mikhail Gromov, “the most remarkable mathematician of the second half of the century.” Games of strategy, economic rivalry, computer architecture, the shape of the universe, the geometry of imaginary spaces, the mystery of prime numbers—all engaged his wide-ranging imagination. His ideas were of the deep and wholly unanticipated kind that pushes scientific thinking in new directions.[4]Geniuses, the mathematician Paul Halmos wrote, “are of two kinds: the ones who are just like all of us, but very much more so, and the ones who, apparently, have an extra human spark. We can all run, and some of us can run the mile in less than 4 minutes; but there is nothing that most of us can do that compares with the creation of the Great G-minor Fugue.” Nash’s genius was of that mysterious variety more often associated with music and art than with the oldest of all sciences. It wasn’t merely that his mind worked faster, that his memory was more retentive, or that his power of concentration was greater. The flashes of intuition were nonrational. Like other great mathematical intuitionists —Georg Friedrich Bernhard Riemann, Jules Henri Poincare, Srinivasa Ramanujan—Nash saw the vision first, constructing the laborious proofs long afterward. But even after he’d try to explain some astonishing result, the actual route he had taken remained a mystery to others who tried to follow his reasoning. Donald Newman, a mathematician who knew Nash at MIT in the 1950s, used to say about him that “everyone else would climb a peak by looking for a pathsomewhere on the mountain. Nash would climb another mountain altogether and from that distant peak would shine a searchlight back onto the first peak”.[5]No one was more obsessed with originality, more disdainful of authority, or more jealous of his independence. As a young man he was surrounded by the high priests of twentieth-century science—Albert Einstein, John von Neumann, and Norbert Wiener—he joined no school, became no one's disciple, got along largely without guides or followers. In almost everything he did—from game theory to geometry—he thumbed his nose at the received wisdom, current fashions, established methods. He almost always worked alone, in his head, usually walking, often whistling Bach. Nash acquired his knowledge of mathematics not mainly from studying what other mathematicians had discovered, but by rediscovering their truths for himself. Eager to astound, he was always on the lookout for the really big problems. When he focused on some new puzzle, he saw dimensions that people who really knew the subject (he never did) initially dismissed as naive or wrongheaded. Even as a student, his indifference to others' skepticism, doubt, and ridicule was awesome.[6]Nash’s faith in rationality and the power of pure thought was extreme, even for a very young mathematician and even for the new age of computers, space travel, and nuclear weapons. Einstein once chided him for wishing to amend relativity theory without studying physics. His heroes were solitary thinkers and supermen like Newton and Nietzsche. Computers and science fiction were his passions. He considered “thinking machines”, as he called them, superior in some ways to human beings. At one point, he became fascinated by the possibility that drugs could heighten physical and intellectual performancedd9 He was beguiled by the idea of alien races of hyper-rational beings who had taught themselves to disregard all emotion. 10 Compulsively rational, he wished to turn life’s decisions—whether to take the first elevator or wait for the next one, where to bank his money, what job to accept, whether to marry—into calculations of advantage and disadvantage, algorithms or mathematical rules divorced from emotion, convention, and tradition. Even the small act of saying an automatic hello to Nash in a hallway could elicit a furious “Why are you saying hello to me?”[7]His contemporaries, on the whole, found him immensely strange. They described him as “aloof ”, “haughty”, “without affect”, “detached”, “spooky”, “isolated” and “queer”, Nash mingled rather than mixed with his peers. Preoccupied with his own private reality, he seemed not to share their mundane concerns. His manner—slightly cold, a bit superior, somewhat secretive—suggested something “mysterious and unnatural”. His remoteness was punctuated by flights of grrulousness about outer space and geopolitical trends, childish pranks, and unpredictable eruptions of anger. But these outbursts were, more often than not, as enigmatic as his silences. “He is not one of us” was a constant refrain. A mathematician at the Institute for Advanced Study remembers meeting Nash for the first time at a crowded student party at Princeton:I noticed him very definitely among a lot of other people who were there. He was sitting on the floor in a half-circle discussing something. He made me feel uneasy. He gave me a peculiar feeling. I had a feeling of a certain strangeness. He was different in some way. I was not aware of the extent of his talent. I had no idea he would contribute as much as he really did.[8]But he did contribute, in a big way. The marvelous paradox was that the ideas themselves were not obscure. In 1958, Fortune singled Nash out for his achievements in game theory, algebraic geometry, and nonlinear theory, calling him the most brilliant of the younger generation of new ambidextrous mathematicians who worked in both pure and applied mathematics. Nash's insight into the dynamics of human rivalry —his theory of rational conflict and cooperation —was to become one of the most influential ideas of the twentieth century, transforming the young science of economics the way that Mendel’s ideas of genetic transmission, Darwin’s model of natural selection, and Newton’s celestial mechanics reshaped biology and physics in their day.。
大学英语读写第三册 Unit 6
Language Study: here and there
here and there: in various places Example: • During the summer vacation he will do a bit of teaching here and there.
Language Study
The Bay of Naples
• Johnsy’s Dream of Painting it Before she Fell Ill
Para 5
“She – she wanted to paint the Bay of Naples some day,” said Sue.
• Johnsy’s Surrender to Disease and Giving up All Her Dreams Para 16
Language Study
joint: held or done by two or more persons together Examples: • She had taken he money out of the joint account she had with her husband. • There are a number of different forms of business ownership, such as partnerships corporations and joint ventures.
• Para 16
“…I want to see the last one fall before it gets dark. Then I’ll go, too…”
The Last Leaf that Endured the Cold and Rainy Night
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The brain develops differently and has trouble with an important job: making sense of the world.
Background information
D. Causes and Risk Factors
“We do not know all of the causes of ASD.”
It is one of the recognized disorders in the autism spectrum which refers to a range of developmental disabilities that includes autism as well as other disorders with similar characteristics like Asperger syndrome (AS).
Background information
B. Facts about ASD
• There is often nothing about how people with ASD look that sets them apart from others.
• People with ASD may communicate, interact, behave, and learn in ways that are different from most other people.
See more on /magazine/archive/2010/10/autismsfirst-child/308227/ (Autism’s First Child)
Background information
F. World Autism Awareness Day (2 April)
a British architectural artist known for his ability to draw from memory
a landscape after seeing it just once gained worldwide popularity
Background information
C. Signs and Symptoms
kids with an ASD might: • have trouble learning the meaning of words • repeat actions over and over again, like saying the same word • move his or her arms or body in a certain way • have trouble adjusting to changes • have trouble relating to others or not have an interest in other people at all • avoid eye contact and want to be alone • have trouble understanding feelings or talking about their own feelings …
• His 1943 paper, "Autistic Disturbances of Affective Contact", along with the work of Hans Asperger, forms the basis of the modern study of autism.
Dr. Kanner
• a 30% increase from one in 88 in 2012
* 数据来自美国疾控中心
Background information
A. Data on Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
• a rapid increase in China • 1.64 million children with autism as recently reported
Background information
D. Leo Kanner (known for his work related to autism)
• His work formed the foundation of child and adolescent psychiatry in the U.S. and worldwide
Patient One: the First Autism Diagnosis
Program video: /GMA/autisms-child-donald-graytriplett-person-diagnosed/story?id=11632605
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
Donald Triplett (left) and his brother
• He was the founder of the first academic child psychiatry department at Johns Hopkins University Hospital.
• His first textbook, Child Psychiatry in 1935, was the first English language textbook on the topic.
TED Talk (Feb 2010) The world needs all kinds of minds
/talks/temple_grandin_the_world_needs_all_kinds_of_minds
Stephen Wiltshire (1974-)
——中国公益研究院2012年 《中国自闭症儿童现状分析报告》
only about 8%-25% may recover
• The prevalence of autism is about 1–2 per 1,000 people worldwide.
• It occurs about 4 times more often in boys than girls.
Text A Inside the Autistic Mind
Outline
Background information Global analysis of the text Detailed study of the text Text structure analysis Reference answers to the exercises
Claudia Wallis
Background information
（2010）
Temple Grandin《自闭历程》
Background information
Temple Grandin（唐普尔·格兰丁）
• an American Ph.D. of animal science • a professor at Colorado State University • a best-selling author • an autistic activist
Background information
Introduction to the topic
自闭症
Background information
Autism ['ɔːtɪz(ə)m]
Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impaired social interaction, verbal and non-verbal communication, and by restricted and repetitive behavior.
• Their learning, thinking, and problem-solving abilities can range from gifted to severely challenged.
• Some people with ASD need a lot of help in their daily lives; others need less.
different factors including environmental, biologic and genetic ones as follows： • Most scientists agree that genes are one of the risk factors that can make a person more likely to develop ASD. • Children who have a sibling with ASD are at a higher risk. • When taken during pregnancy, the prescription drugs valproic acid and thalidomide have been linked with a higher risk of ASD. • There is some evidence that the critical period for developing ASD occurs before, during, and immediately after birth. …