不定式1
动词不定式用法 (1)
regret to do sth.遗憾地做某事 regret doing sth.后悔作了某事 I regret to say that I can’t go with you. I regret telling him about it.
try to do sth. 尽力去做某事 try doing sth. 试一试，试试看 stop to do sth.停下来去做某事（表目的） stop doing sth.停止做某事（作宾语）
我们的任务是学习。
Our task is to study hard.
5.动词不定式作宾补
（1）常用结构有： advise sb to do something force sb to do something tell sb to do something…
（2）常跟省to的动词不定式作宾补的动词有： see, watch, notice, observe, look at, listen to, feel, make, let, have The teacher had us recite the text every day. Was he noticed to leave the room? 注：help后可跟省to或带to的不定式作宾补。
我正要出去，电话铃响了。 I was about to go out when the telephone rang.
3.This being my first experience, I stayed at the top and watched. 天气很好，我们决定出去野餐。
It being fine, we have made up our minds to go for a picnic.
英语中不定式（todo）的6种成分和2种独立用法
英语中不定式（todo）的6种成分和2种独立用法非谓语是英语学习的重点也是难点，很多同学对这个语法知识一直是处于比较懵的状态。
其实只要掌握非谓语所充当成分的用法就可以运用自如了。
非谓语，顾名思义就是不做谓语的动词的变化形式，即to do ，doing，done。
除了谓语，句子成分中还有主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。
下面看看不定式(to do)充当这6种成分的用法：一、不定式作主语1.To see is to believe. （这种情况不常用）2. It is important to learn English well.It 是形式主语，真正的主语是 to learn English well. 这种用法是常用的而且是考点！考点！考点！二、不定式作表语:常说明主语的内容、性质和特征或表动作将要发生。
1. My job is to keep the children safe.2.My task is to type the article.三、不定式做宾语1.He prefers to eat white bread and rice.2.He wants to play football.3.动词feel, find, make, think等后面，可以用it作形式宾语代替真正的宾语——动词不定式，句子结构是...feel / find / make / ... it+adj. / n.+to do...。
如：I find it difficult to remember everything.常接动词不定式作宾语的动词有：（需要记住）agree, afford, appear, ask, attempt；care, choose, claim；dare,decide,demand,deserve,determine；expect, fail, get, guarantee；hate, hesitate, hope, hurry；intend, learn, manage, offer,plan, prepare, pretend, promise；refuse, seem, tend, threaten；want, wish 等四、不定式做宾语补足语1.I'd invite her to have dinner at my house.2 . We should allow the children to choose their own clothes.Note 1: 带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词主要有：要求允许提议(ask, allow, advise)，期望邀请鼓励(expect, invite, encourage)，教导告诉想要(teach, tell, want)，等待希望愿意(wait for, wish, would like / love)。
第一讲 动词不定式
第一讲动词不定式重难点：动词不定式的句法功能以及动词不定式的各种常见的考点。
概念理解：动词不定式是由“to+动词原形”构成。
有些动词后接不带to的动词不定式，如let\make\have等。
动词不定式可以有自己的宾语，也可和时态相结合。
一、不定式的句法功能1、不定式作主语To learn a foreign language is not easy.不定式短语作主语时，常用it作形式主语来代替它的位置，而将真正的主语（不定式短语）移到谓语之后It’s a great honor to be invited to Mary’s birthday party.2、不定式作作动词宾语下列动词常接不定式作宾语，如：agree, arrange, ask, beg, choose, dare, decide, demand,expect, fail, fear, hope, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise,They hope to find new resources for mankind.他们希望为人类找到新资源。
如果不定式作宾语且有自己的补语，常用“it”作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语放在后面。
下列动词常用it作形式宾语，如：believe, consider, feel, find, know, makeI know it impossible to finish so much homework in one day.3、不定式作表语不定式作表语时，一般紧跟在系动词后，说明主语的内容The first step is to check the victim’s breathing.4、不定式作补语I’d like the problem to be discussed at the next meeting.5、不定式作定语The students have a lot of homework to do every day.6、不定式作状语不定式可以作原因状语、结果状语、目的状语以及方式状语不定式在下列句式中作目的状语：so as to do, in order to doIn order to ensure your hair looks its best, pay attention to what you eat.二、不定式考点归纳考点1不定式的时态和语态：---Is Bob still performing?---I’m afraid not. He is said ____the stage already as he has become an official.A. to have leftB. to leaveC. to have been leftD. to be leftThe news reporters hurried to the airport, only ____ the film stars had left.A. to tellB. to be toldC. tellingD. told考点2不定式的功能：不定式具有名词的特征，可以作主语或宾语，具有形容词的特征，可以作表语、定语或补足语；具有副词的特征，在句子中可以作状语。
不定式的用法总结
My brother asked me to clean the room
with him.
常带 to 的不定式做宾语补足语的动词有: ask, beg, prefer, help, promise, wish, want, expect, permit, request, allow, command,
• You must remember to lock the door when you leave
• • • • • • • • • •
2. remember doing sth 记得曾做过某事 I remember locking the front door 3. forget to do sth 忘记要做某事 He forgot to do his homework yesterday 4. forget doing sth 忘记曾做过某事 I forgot saying this thing to you 5. try to do sth 努力做某事 He tries to answer each question 6. try doing sth 试着做某事 I tried singing an English song
doing指经常性动作，而 to do指一次性的动作。 I like swimming，but I don‘t like to swim now． 我喜欢游泳, 但我现在不想游。 begin\start to do sth begin\start doing sth
提示板：
• 后面只接动名词做宾的动词
巧记动词不定式作宾语歌诀：
•
• • • • • • •
想要拒绝莫忘记 （want, refuse, forget） 需要努力就学习 （need, try, learn） 喜欢帮助加同意 （like help agree ） 希望决定后开始 （hope, decide, begin, start）
(完整版)英语动词不定式大全
英语动词不定式大全动词不定式是一种活跃的非谓语动词。
它在句中起的是名词。
形容词或副词的作用,可在句子中作主语。
宾语。
定语。
状语和宾语补足语。
动词不定式的形式是"to +动词原形",但to有时要省去。
动词不定式在具体运用时,用不用to,取决于谓语动词的用法:一。
带to的不定式结构1.我们学过的能直接跟带to的不定式结构的动词主要有:want, ask, tell, hope, learn, try, decide, forget, remember, like ,love, stop, go, come 等。
2.动词不定式的否定形式是在不定式前直接加not,即not to do sth.。
例如:Jim told me not to wake up Kate.吉姆告诉我别叫醒凯特。
二。
不带to的不定式结构以下几种情况使用不带to的动词不定式:1.在固定词组had better之后。
注意:had better的否定形式是had better not do sth.。
例如:You had better go home now.你最好现在回家。
It's cold outside. You'd better not go out.外面很冷,你最好不要出去。
2.在let,make,see, feel, watch,hear等感官或使役动词后,要跟不带to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语。
例如:I made them give me the money back.我迫使他们把钱还给我。
I didn't see you come in.我没看见你进来。
3.在引导疑问句的why not之后。
"Why not+不带to的不定式"是Why don't you do…的省略,可以用来提出建议或劝告。
例如:Why not go with us。
为什么不和我们一起去呢。
不定式1
11. Napoleon spoke so loudly as to ___ in front of his soldiers. A. hear B. be heard C. listen D. be listened to 12. Television and radio _____ to know what is going on all over the world. A. made it possible of us B. have made us possible C. have made it possible for us D. have made it be possible for us
6. Nothing can make the brave soldier ____ his country. A. turn against B. to turn against C. to turn to D. turn to 7. In the old days it was difficult for the poor a job. A. find B. to find C. look D. to look for
Write sentences.
e.g: it / good / read / that /. It is good to read that. 1. it / nice / see / her /. It is nice to see her. 2. it / bad / say / that /. It is bad to say that.
7.和某些形容词连用be sure/happy/ready/sorry/afraid/glad/excited /surprised to do sth. He is very happy to see his wife. I’m sorry to trouble you. 8.和疑问词who,what,when,where,which,how 构成不定式短语做宾语。 I don’t know how to use a computer. Can you tell me when to start?
不定式的用法
不定式的用法动词不定式一．动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式，它没有人称和数的变化，在句中不能作谓语，但可以作除谓语之外的其他任何句子成分（主语，表语，宾语，宾语补足语, 定语，状语）。
动词不定式具有名词，形容词和副词的特征，同时还保留动词的某些特点，可以有自己的宾语和状语。
动词不定式和它的宾语和状语构成了不定式短语。
二．动词不定式的构成和形式1.动词不定式的一般式有两种：（1）. to do （2）. do （不带to的不定式，即动词原形）2. 不定式的否定式：not to do3. 不定式的被动式：to be done4. 不定式的进行式：to be doing5. 不定式的完成式：to have done6. 不定式的完成被动式：to have been done7. 不定式的完成进行式：to have been doing三．不定式的用法1. 不定式结构作主语（1）. To see is to believe. 眼见为实。
（2）. To swim alone in the river is dangerous.（3）.T o finish that task in such a short time is really a challenge．如果作主语的不定式短语过长，则显得头重脚轻，这时常用形式主语it 来代替，而把不定式短语放在句尾作真实的主语。
根据情况，如果要表明不定式的动作是谁做的，还可以在不定式前面加上一个适当的逻辑主语（for sb ）, 则构成句型：It + be + n / adj / n + （for sb ）+ to do sth注意：句型中的形式主语it不可由that或this等其他代词代替（1）. It is dangerous （for the children ）to swim alone inthe river.（2）.It is necessary（for us）to study English.注意：在某些形容词(如careless，clever，considerate，foolish，good，impolite，kind，naughty，nice，silly，stupid等)作表语时，不定式后可以加of来引导出其逻辑主语：这些多数是表示“表扬或批评”的形容词，主要是修饰逻辑主语sb（1）.It is very kind of you to tell me the truth．（2）.It is stupid of him to do such a silly thing．2. 不定式作宾语不定式作宾语有两种：A . 一种是及物动词后直接跟带to的不定式。
1.动词不定式
Non-Finite Verbs非谓语动词概说在英语中，不是用作句子谓语而是用于担任其他语法功能的动词叫做非谓语动词。
非谓语动词包括三种形式：不定式(the Infinitive)动名词(the Gerund)分词(the Participle)1.动词不定式1.1 不定式的构成形式基本形式是“to+动词原形”。
有时可以不带to。
to仅是个符号，本身没有实义。
动词不定式有以下几种形式上的变化：非谓语动词主动形式被动形式形态语态一般式进行式完成式完成进行式动词不定式to doto be done to be doing to have done to have been doneto have been doing1.动词不定式1.2 不定式的用法①作主语a)不定式作主语时，常用it放在句首代替不定式，而将不定式移到谓语后面。
例如：To help others is our duty.It is our duty to help others.帮助别人是我们的义务。
1.动词不定式1.2 不定式的用法①作主语b)如果要说明不定式表示的动作是谁做的，可以在不定式前面加一个由for引起的短语。
基本句型为：It is/ will be +形容词+for sb. to do sth.例如：It is easy for the students to sing English songs.唱英文歌曲对学生们来说是件容易的事。
1.动词不定式1.2 不定式的用法①作主语c)在一些形容词作表语时，不定式前面常需加一个由of引起的短语，用来对某种行为作出判断或评论。
基本句型为：It is+形容词+of sb. to do sth.例如：It is very kind of you to think so much of us.难为你为我们想这么多。
常用于这种句型的形容词有：kind wise silly goodunwisewrongnicecleverrightfoolish rude stupidpolitecarelessnaughty …1.动词不定式1.2 不定式的用法②作宾语及复合宾语a)常见的用不定式作宾语的动词有：want hate seemdemand hope fail likebegin helpmanageforget offerlearn pretend remember expectagreeintendpromisedetermine …1.动词不定式1.2 不定式的用法②作宾语及复合宾语a)常见的用不定式作宾语的动词有：例如：He said he wanted to be a professor.他说他想当教授。
不定式由to动词原形构成1
一般式
to do
to be done
进行式 完成式 完成进行式
to be doing ----------
to
have
done
to have done
been
to have been ---------doing
动词不定式的时态
(1).They pretended not to see us.
whether they will enjoy it.
A. to see
B. to be seen
C. seeing
D. see
8. It is said in Australia there is more
land than the government knows ____.
A. it what to do with
Use your head!
1. My wife said in her letter that she would appreciate ____ from you sometime. A. to have heard B. to hear C. for hearing D. hearing
2. Robert is said ___ abroad, but I didn’t know what country he studied in. A. to have studied B. to be studying C. to study D. to have been studying
四、不带to的不定式作宾补
一感: feel
二听 listen to
hear
let
2018学年中考英语复习--动词不定式 (一)
作表语
To see is to believe. His wish is to be a doctor.
Exercise
1 我的工作是每天打扫这间屋子。
My work is to clean the room every day.
2 最上策的计划就是马上离开这儿。
The best plan is to leave at once.
注意
D. 作简短回答或避免不必要的重复时，
动词不定式常常省去to 后面的动词， 只保留to 。
A:Would you like to come to my party? B: Yes , I’d love to ( come to your party).
Mary想用我的自行车，但我叫她别用。
Mary wanted to use my bike, but I asked her not to ( use my bike).
They were heard to sing a pop song.
We watched them play football .
注意
B. 动词不定式的否定式只须在to 前加
not.不带to的不定式则在动词前加not. My father decided not to take up the job. The teacher told us not to be late again. My mother let me not do it by myself.
a. learn b. to learn c. learned d. learning 9 In winter, you can see snowflakes _____a___ down.
四级语法精要浓缩精华版(一)
四级语法精要浓缩精华版(一)非谓语动词1. 不定式1) 形式主动形式被动形式一般式 to do to be done完成式 to have done to have been done进行式 to be doing完成进行式 to have been doinga) 完成式: 不定式的一般形式所表示的动作, 通常与主要谓语表示的动作(状态)同时(或几乎同时)发生, 或是在它之后发生. 假如不定式所表示的动作, 在谓语所表示的动作(状态)之前发生, 就要用不定式的完成式.I am glad to have seen your mother (= I am glad I have seen your mother).(比较: I am glad to see you.)He is said to have written a new book aboutworkers.He pretended not to have seen me.b) 进行式: 如果主要谓语表示的动作(状态)发生时, 不定式表示的动作正在进行, 这时要用不定式的进行式.You are not supposed to be working. You haven’t quite recovered yet.We didn’t expect you to be waiting for us here.He pretended to be listening attentively.c) 完成进行式: 在谓语所表示的时间之前一直进行的动作, 就要用不定式的完成进行式.The struggle was known to have been going for twenty years. We are happy to have been working with you.d) 被动式: 当不定式的逻辑上的主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时, 不定式一般要用被动形式.It is an honour for me to be asked to speak here.She hated to be flattered.He wanted the letter to be typed at once.This is bound to be found out.There are a lot of things to be done.She was too young to be assigned such work.2) 功用: 不定式可以作主语 (a), 宾语 (b), 表语 (c), 定语 (d) 或是状语 (e).a. To scold her would not be just.b. We are planning to build a reservoir here.c. One of our main tasks now is to mechanize agriculture.d. Do you have anything to declare?e. We have come to learn from you.3) 不带to 的不定式:a) 在“动词+ 宾语+不定式”结构中, 如果动词是表示感觉意义的see, hear, watch, smell, feel, notice等, 或是表示“致使”意义的 have, make, let等, 其后的不定式结构不带to.John made her tell him everything.这类结构转换为被动语态时, 后面的不带to 的不定式一般还原为带to 的不定式.She was made to tell him everything.b) 在 had better, had best, would rather, would sooner, would just as soon, might (just) as well, cannot but 等搭配之后, 动词不定式也不带to.I’d rather not have eggs and bacon for breakfast.They cannot but accept his term.c) 在make do, make believe, let drop, let fall, let fly, let slip, let drive, let go of, let there be, hear say, hear tell, leave go of等固定搭配中, 用不带to的动词不定式.John let fly a torrent of abuse at me.I’ve heard tell of him.d) 在动词help(或help +宾语)之后可用不带to的不定式, 也可用带to的不定式.Can I help (to) lift this heavy box?e) 在介词except, but 之后, 如果其前有动词do的某种形式, 不定式一般不带to, 反之带to.There is nothing to do except wait till it stops raining. Smith will do anything but work on a farm.There’s no choice but to wait till it stops raining.f) 连词 rather than, sooner than 置于句首时, 其后的不定式不带to.Rather than push the book back as he wanted to do, he forced himself to pick it up.出现在句中其他位置时, 其后的不定式有时带to, 有时不带to.He decided to write rather than telephone.The manager believes it is important to invest in new machinery rather than to increase wages.g) 用作补语的动词不定式, 如果主语是由“all + 关系分句”，“thing +关系分句”，“what分句”或“thing +不定式结构”等构成，并带有do的某种形式，这时，作为主语补语的不定式可以省to，也可以不省.What he will do is (to) spoil the whole thing.All you do now is complete the formThe only thing I can do now is go on by myself.The thing to do now is clear up this mess.The least I can do is drive everybody else closer to the issue.4) 不定式的其他用法a) too…to 结构通常表示否定意义:She was too young to understand all that.enough…to结构则表示肯定意义:She was not old enough to understand all that.not too, but too, all too, only too等和不定式连用时,不定式一般不表示否定意义:He’s only too pleased to help her.so…as (to)这种结构也可用不定式作状语:Be so kind as to drop in some time when you are free.b) 如果要说明不定是表示的动作是谁做的, 可以在不定式前加一个for引起的短语:It is not hard for one to do a bit of good.It is a great honour for us to be present at this rally.在以某些形容词(如 kind, good, nice, wise, unwise, clever, silly, wrong, right, foolish, stupid, careless, considerate, rude, naughty, impolite等)作表语时, 不定式前可加一个of引起的短语, 来说明不定式指的是谁的情况:It’s kind of you to think so much of us.(It is) Awfully good of you to come and meet us.It’s very nice of you to be so considerate.It’s unwise of them to turn down the proposal.相关内容: 四级语法精要-浓缩精华版(二)2.V+ing1) 形式a) 完成式: 如果要表示动名词代表的动作在谓语所表示的动作之前发生, 通常用动名词的完成形式.He didn’t mention having met me.I regret not having taken her advice.在某些动词后(或成语中), 常用(或可以用)动名词的一般形式, 尽管动作是在谓语所表示的动作之前发生的.Excuse me for coming late.I don’t remember everseeing him anywhere.现在分词的完成式主要用在状语中, 表示这动作在谓语所表示的动作之前发生.Having been there many times, he offered to be our guide. Having found the cause, they were able to propose a remedy.另外, 独立结构也可用现在分词的完成形式.The guests having left, they resumed their discussion.The children, having eating their fill, were allowed to leave the table.b) 被动式: 当一个动名词逻辑上的主语所表示的是这动作的对象时, 动名词一般要用被动形式.His being neglected by the host added to his uneasiness.He couldn’t bear being made fun of like that.但要注意, 在want, need, deserve, require 等动词后, 尽管表示的是被动的意思, 却用动名词的主动形式.My pen needs filling.The point deserves mentioning.This problem requires studying with great care.在worth这个形容词后情形也是这样.Her method is worth trying.现在分词的被动式可以用来作定语, 宾语补足语, 状语及用于独立结构中.This is one of the experiments being carried on in our laboratory.You’ll find the topic being discussed everywhere.Being asked to give a performance, she couldn’t very well refuse. These are sold at reduced prices, the defects always beingpointed out to the customers.c) 完成被动式: 如果表示的动作在谓语表示的动作之前发生, 有时需要用动名词的完成被动式.I don’t remember having ever been given a chance to try this method.但在多数情况下都避免使用这一形式, 而用一般被动形式代替, 以免句子显得累赘.现在分词的完成被动式一般用来作状语或用于独立结构中.Having been given such a good chance, how could she let it slip away?The decision having been made, the next problem was how to make a good plan.All the compositions having been written and collected, the teacher sent the students home.2) 句法功用a) 作主语:Walking is good exercise.It’s nice talking to you.There is no denying the fact that the new method has greatly raised labour productivity.b) 作宾语:Your shoes need polishing.You mustn’t delay sending the tractors over.He avoided giving us a definite answer.c) 作介词宾语: 动名词作介词宾语用的时候最多. 它常可以用在某些成语后面, 常见的有: insist on, persist in, think of, dream of, object to, suspect…of, accuse…of, charge…with, hear of, approve of, prevent…from, keep…from, stop…from, refrain from, be engaged in, look forward to, opposed to, depend on, thank…for, feel like, excuse…for, aim at, devote…to, set about, spend…in, get (be) used to, be fond of, be capable of, be afraid of, be tired of, be sick of, succeed in, be interested in, feel (be) ashamed of, be proud of, be keen on, be responsible for.d) 作表语:The real problem is getting to know the needs of the people. 动名词和不定式都可以作主语或表语. 一般说来, 在表示抽象的一般的行为时多用动名词; 在表示具体某词动作, 特别是将来的动作时, 多用不定式.e) 作宾语补足语: 分词可以在see, hear, notice, watch, feel, find, keep, get, have等动词后作宾语补足语.The words immediately set us all laughing.Once we caught him dozing off in class.His remark left me wondering what he was driving at.在see, hear, feel, watch, notice等动词后, 及可用现在分词, 也可用不定式构成宾语补足语. 用现在分词时, 表示动作正在发生, 用不定式时表示动作发生了.Do you hear someone knocking at the door?Yes, I did. I heard him knock three times.f) 作状语: 现在分词作状语时, 通常都表示主语正在进行的另一动作, 来对谓语表示的主要动作加以修饰或作为陪衬.I ran out of the house shouting.I got home, feeling very tired.Driving to Chicago that night, I was struck by a sudden thought. 现在分词短语有时可以用作状语表示原因, 相当于一个表示原因的状语从句.Not knowing her address, we couldn’t get in touch with her. Seeing nobody at home, she decided to leave them a note. Having already seen the film twice, she didn’t want to go to the cinema.现在分词短语有时可用作时间状语, 相当于when引起的从句: Seeing those pictures, he couldn’t help thinking of those memorable days they spent together.如果两个动作是完全同时发生的, 多用when 或while加分词这种结构.Be careful when crossing the street.When leaving the airport, they waved again and again to us. She got to know them while attending a conference in Beijing.3) 前面带有代词或名词的动名词结构: 一个动名词前面可以加一个物主代词(或名词的所有格结构), 来表示这个动名词逻辑上的主语. Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us.Our sole worry is your relying too much on yourself.Do you mind myreading your paper?They insisted on my staying there for supper.如果不是在句子开头, 这个结构常常可以用名词的普通格(或人称代词宾格), 这比用所有格更自然一些.I don’t mind him going.She hates people losing their temper.4) 只能用动名词作宾语的动词: suggest, finish, avoid, stop, can’t help, mind, admit, enjoy, leave off, require, postpone, put off, delay, practise, fancy, excuse, pardon, advise, consider, deny, endure, escape, miss5) 既可用动名词, 也可用不定式作宾语的动词: love, like, hate,dislike, begin, start, continue, intend, attempt, can’t bear, propose, want, need, remember, forget, regret, neglect, try, deserve, can’t afford等.有时两种结构之间意义差别不大, 有时却有不同的意思. 在remember, regret, want, try等词后差别是比较明显的.I remember seeing her once somewhere.I must remember to take my notebooks with me.I regret not having accepted your advice.I regret to say I haven’t given you enough help.She doesn’t want (need) to come.The house wants (needs) cleaning.We must try to get everything done in time.Let’s try doing the work some other way.6) 悬垂修饰: 分词作状语时, 表示的必须是主语的一个动作或状态. Walking through the park, we saw a lot of flowers. (walking 是we的动作, 正确)Walking through the park, the flowers looked very beautiful. (错误)Standing on the tower, we could see the whole city. (正确) Standing on the tower, the whole village could be seen. (错误)相关内容: 四级语法精要-浓缩精华版(二)3.分词1) 意义: 过去分词通常来自及物动词, 带有被动意义和完成意义; 而现在分词有的来自及物动词, 有的来自不及物动词, 通常带有主动意义和未完成意义.frozen food a freezing winda bored traveller a boring journeya lost cause a losing battlea conquered army a conquering armya finished article the last finishing touchthe spoken word a speaking birda closed shop the closing houra recorded talk a recording machine来自不及物动词的过去分词很少能单独用作前置修饰语, 能作这样用的仅限于下面几个词, 仅表示完成意义, 不表示被动意义.the risen sun, fallen leaves, faded/withered flowers, returned students, retired workers, departed friends, escaped prisoners, the vanished jewels, newly-arrived visitors用作后置修饰语的过去分词一般都带有修饰语或其他成分, 在意义上相当于关系分句.Most of the people invited to the reception were old friends.2) 句法作用a) 作定语: distinguished guest 贵宾, unknown heroes 无名英雄, armed forces武装部队, canned food罐头食品, boiled water开水, steamed bread馒头, stricken area灾区分词还可构成合成词作定语: simply-furnished room陈设简单的房间, clear-cut answer明确的答复, highly-developed industry高度发展的工业, heartfelt thanks衷心的感谢, hand-made goods手工制品, man-made satellite人造卫星b) 作补足语: 可以带过去分词作宾语补足语的动词有:see, hear, feel, find, think等表示感觉和心理状态的动词.I saw the students assembled in the hall.We found her greatly changed.make, get, have, keep等表示”致使”意义的动词:I have my hair cut every ten days.She got her bad tooth pulled out.Please keep us informed of the latest developments.like, want, wish, order等表示希望, 要求, 命令等意义的动词: I don’t want any of you (to be) involved in the scandal. He won’t like such questions (to be) discussed at the meeting.c) 过去分词短语常用作状语, 修饰谓语, 很多都说明动作发生的背景或情况.Guided by these principles, they went on with the work,Delighted with her work, they made her the general manager. 过去分词短语也可作状语表示原因, 相当于一个表示原因的状语从句.Influenced by his example, they performed countless good deeds. 有时也可说明动作发生的时间, 相当于一个表示时间的状语从句. This method, tried in areas near Shanghai, resulted in a marked rise in total production.间或也可表示一个假设的情况, 相当于一个条件从句.Given closer analysis, we can see this is totally wrong.偶尔也可用来代替一个“让步”状语从句.Picked 20 years a year, it grows tired only after 40 or 50 years. 相关内容: 四级语法精要-浓缩精华版(二)。
动词不定式1与双宾语
动词不定式当我们要表达“想要做某事、需要做某事或决定做某事”时，就会出现两个动词连用的情况，这时我们用want to do sth., need to do sth.和decide to do sth.等表达方式。
行为动词后面的动词都采用了”to+动词原形”的结构，这种结构称为不定式（有时可以不带to）。
动词不定式既有动词的性质，又有名词的性质。
它没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能独立作谓语。
一、不定式结构1. 带to的不定式结构能直接跟带to的不定式结构的动词主要有：want, ask, tell, hope, learn, try, decide, forget,。
②在I have no choice but to accept the fact.除了接受这个事实我别无选择。
What do you like to do besides swim? 除了游泳你还喜欢做什么？⑤为了避免重复，不定式可省去to。
I’m really puzzled what to think or say.对于想什么或说什么，我真的很困惑。
二、动词不定式的语法作用动词不定式在句子中可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语、同位语等。
动词不定式的否定形式是在不定式前直接加not，即not to do sth.。
那么英语中的动词不定式都可以表示什么意思呢？有什么样的语法功能呢？1. 动词不定式在句子中作主语。
①不定式作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数，常采用it作形式主语，不定式后置的方式，特别是不定式短语较长时，这样可以避免句子的“头重脚轻”，即It+形容词/名词+to do sth．。
动词不定式作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
例如：It is not easy to learn English well. 学好英语真不容易。
It is difficult to speak a foreign language well. = To speak a foreign language well isdifficult.说好一门外语是困难的。
动词不定式(1)
动词不定式(1)时态1) 现在时：一般现在时表示的动词，有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，有时发生在谓语动词的动作之后。
He seems to know this.I hope to see you again. = I hope that I'll see you again. 我希望再见到你。
2) 完成时：表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。
I'm sorry to have given you so much trouble.He seems to have caught a cold.3) 实行时：表示动作正在实行，与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。
He seems to be eating something.4) 完成实行时：She is known to have been wreaking on the problem for many years.一般在情绪后加to do to do 也表将来(2)语态主动形式被动形式一般式（not) to do （not) to be done实行式（not) to be doing 无被动完成式（not) to have done ( not) to have been done如果动词不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者，不定式一般要用被动语态形式。
如：It's a great honour to be invited to Mary's birthday party.（不定式作主语是被动语态to be invited是被邀请）It was impossible for lost time to be made up.（不定式作主语）I wish to be sent to work in the country.（不定式作宾语）Can you tell me which is the car to be repaired?（不定式作定语）He went to the hospital to be examined.（不定式作状语）（3）疑问词＋不定式结构疑问词who,what,which,when,where,whether,how后可接不定式构成不定式短语，在句中作主语、宾语、表语等。
动词不定式1
不定式结构也可直接置于句首作主语，此 时谓语动词要用单数。 To err is human; to forgive, divine. To love for the sake of being loved is human, but to love for the sake of loving is angelic.
All our attempts ___ the child from drowning were in vain. A. to rescue B. having rescued C. rescue D. being rescued
句型5：形容词+ to do sth.
1. 句子主语和不定式动词可构成逻辑上的 动宾关系。 She is very nice to talk to. = it is very nice to talk to her. Mary is easy to get on with. = it is easy to get on with Mary. English is difficult to speak. Football is very interesting to watch.
句型4: 名词+ to do sth.
作定语 不定式作宾语一般与被修饰名词有以下三 种关系： 1. 动宾关系
I have a letter to write. (逻辑关系即：write a letter) I need some paper to write on. (逻辑关系即：write on some letter) I need a pen to write with. (逻辑关系即： write with a pen)
He refused to co-operate with us. His refusal to co-operate makes us angry. I don’t wish to change. I have no wish to change.
动词不定式用法小结[1]3概要
![动词不定式用法小结[1]3概要](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/709925f1a45177232e60a24f.png)
动词不定式用法小结动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式，其结构为“to＋动词原形”，其中to不是介词，而是动词不定式的符号，称为小品词，动词不定式没有人称和数的变化。
动词不定式和其后面的名词等构成不定式短语，在句子中可以用作主语、表语、宾语、补足语、定语、状语等。
一. 作主语例如：To be a doctor is hard.做医生很难。
To learn English well is not easy.学好英语不容易。
动词不定式（短语）作主语时，为了避免句子的头重脚轻，可以用“it”作形式主语，而把真正的主语－－动词不定式（短语）放在句子的后部。
例如上面的句子可以表示为：It is hard to be a doctor.It is not easy to learn English well. 再如：It’s important to plant trees in spring.如果动词不定式的动作是谁做的，可以在动词不定式前面加一个由介词for 引导的短语，称为不定式的复合结构。
例：It’s good for us to read English aloud in the morning.对我们来说每天早晨大声读英语是很有益的。
It is important for students to use English every day.对学生来说每天使用英语是很重要的。
总结：it is +adj for sb to do sth.二. 作表语：动词不定式（短语）作表语常用于系词be的后面。
例：His work is to drive a car.他的工作是开车。
My job is to feed animals.我的工作是饲养动物。
Her ambition is to be a doctor.她的理想是当医生。
三. 作宾语动词不定式（短语）可以放在一些动词后面用作宾语，能以动词不定式作宾语的动词有：begin,start, want, forget, remember, show, learn, like, hate, love, ask 等。
1.非谓语动词(不定式)
作宾语补足语
作表语．
例如： My job is to help the patient． ．
作定语:
不定式作定语，放在其修饰的名词之后。 不定式表示的时间，在谓语动词之后。 例如： 1 . I have some books （for you） to read． ） ． 2. Do you have further questions to ask？ ？ 3. Do you have something to take to him? 4. He is always the first to come to school.
不定式也可在作表语用的形容词 后面作状语．
例如： I am very glad to hear it． ． The question is difficult to answer． ． “ too十形容词或副词十不定式”作状 十形容词或副词十不定式” 十形容词或副词十不定式 例如： 语．例如： He is too old to do that． ． 这个词时， 另外句子中有 enough这个词时，常用 这个词时 不定式作状语．例如： 不定式作状语．例如： The room is big enough to hold us． ．
但这句如改为下列形式， 但这句如改为下列形式，不定式就得用被 动形式： 动形式： I know what is to be done. 这是因为 what is to be done是 是 宾语从句， 宾语从句，从句中的主语 what是动词 do的动作对象 是动词 的动作对象
不定式作表语形容词的状语， 不定式作表语形容词的状语，和句中主 语构成逻辑上的动宾关系时，不定式多 语构成逻辑上的动宾关系时， 用主动形式， 用主动形式，这是因为人们往往认为形 容词后者去了 for one或 for people． 或 ． 例如： 例如： He is hard to talk to． ． ( To talk to him is hard.) The book is difficult to understand. ( To understand the book is difficult.)
不带to的动词不定式 (1).
listen to, smell, feel, find, perceive(觉察，看见 ),behቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱld（书面用语“见到”)等
eg:I saw her cross the street # 除notice ,watch不用被动语态外，上述动词变 成被动语态时，其后的动词不定式就不省to
eg:She was seen to cross street.
6
# Why… / why not…： eg:Why not join us?
7
help 可带to，也可不带to, help sb (to) do sth
8
由and, or和than连接的两个不定 式，第二个to 可以省去 eg:Her job is to take care of the children and wash clothes.
3.使役动词作宾语补足语的动词不定 式不带to
# make ,let, have ,bid(吩咐), leave(=let) eg:I'll let him do it. # make和bid用于被动语态时，可以 带 可以不带 eg:He was made (to) laugh.
4
# 在cannot but ,cannot help but, have no choose but, had better (best), would (had) rather(sooner)…than…, 后的动词不 定一般不带to eg:When the country calls you for help, you cannot but go.
5
# rather than位于句首时，其后用不 带to的定式， # 但rather than在句中时，其后的动 词不定式可以带to，也可以不带to eg:Rather than cause trouble, he left. He prefers to rent a car rather than (to) have one of his own.
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不定式一不式的构成：“to+动词原形”如: to do, to read，to work, to memorize，to be，to leave，to practice，to dance二不定式短语——不定式及其宾语，状语和表语1 to do homework at home every day2 to work near the factory3 to read English words in the morning4 to dance in the danging hall5 to see the film on Saturday evenin g6 to drink hot tea in the office7 to spend a lot of time in playing computer game every day at home8 to be a good teacher in the future9 to be a top student at school10 to be rich men in many years11 to be a woman scientist in ten years写出下列不定式短语：1在家看电视2在操场打篮球3星期一到星期五去上学4每天喝大量水5夏季在河里游泳6冬季在雪上滑冰7晚上在床上睡觉8每天在家里吃饭9每天花大量时间读英语10在城里找个好工作11每天按时去上班12教室里开个班会13 明年买个新车14将来当个好医生15两年后当个大学生16未来当个科学家17在学校交个好朋友18在家当个好儿女19放学后按时回家20吃饭前洗手22放学后步行回家23下周本校开运动会三不定式的否定式：Not+动词不定式1 Not to take other’s things at school2 Not to eat unhealthy food3 Not to play football on the street4 Not to drink strong tea5 Not to make noise in the classroom6 Not to be late for school7 Not to be late for work8 Not to be teacher in the future写出下列不定式短语:1考试中不看别人试卷2不读不健康的书籍3不在深水里游泳4不犯愚蠢的错误5在学校不抽烟6在课堂上不说脏话7不在校园骑自行车8 不吃发霉的水果9不吃太多快餐食品10开会不迟到11上课不迟到12不对父母生气四不定式的逻辑主语：for sb +不定式1for students to learn English at school2 for me to help my parents at home3 for parents to care about children4 for children not to play football on the street5 for teacher to help students to study English at school every day6 for my grandmother to worry about my health7 for school not to care about students’ life conditions8 for LiMin not to buy new car next year写出下列不定式短语1王平写一份信2李华借钱给别人3 爸爸要去南京4孩子出去玩5老师告诉学生不要在街上玩6家长告诉儿女要尊敬老师7歌唱家在剧院唱歌8运动员在操场打篮球9母亲在家做饭10弟弟在学校学钢琴11妹妹在家做作业12我在床上玩手机13政府提高物价14办公室发出通知15年轻人夏季在河里游泳16孩子冬季在冰上滑冰17我们晚上在家看电视18你来帮我19哥哥在房间洗衣服20学生在实验室学计算机21孩子们喜欢吃快餐食品22老人喜欢在家躺着五疑文词+不定式1 how to learn the computer2 when to get up every day3 where to get so much money4 who to finish the work5 which kind of fruits to want6 what to do next7 how to work out the math problem in short tim e8 how to play the piano9 where to buy this dictionary写出下列不定式短语:1谁来画画2谁去浇花3如何使用电子计算机4什么时候开会5哪里去买这种化学书6要哪一种钢笔7干吗不喝水呢8干吗不休息一下9哪里去找比较好的英语老师10为什么上学迟到11什么地方吃牛肉面12什么时候开运动会13什么时间睡觉14什么时候去爬山15读什么书16喝什么茶？17吃什么菜18找什么样的女朋友19怎么在字典里查单词20怎样吃西餐21如何上网22如何学好英语六不定式的功能：（一）作主语（不定式短语作主语时，不论有多长一律看成一个整体，谓语用单数。
另外，不定式作主语往往表示一种活动具有名词性质。
）1 To say is one thing.2 To do is another3 To learn English well at school is not easy.4 To get up early every morning is a good habit.5 Not to take other' things at school is also a habit.6 Not to smoke in one' life is good for health.7 How to learn a foreign language well is a question.8 When to have a class meeting today is not known.9 What to do next has not been decided yet.10 Who to come to see us tomorrow is a secret.注意：(1)当不定式的主语太长时，习惯上用it做形式主语。
(2)当带有逻辑主语的for sb to do sth做主语时则必须用it作形式主语。
如：1 It is very good to see all the teachers and classmates2 It is a big question how to learn a foreign language3 It is very important to learn English well at school.4 It is quite necessary for students to memorize a lot of English words in learning English.5 It is not right for teacher to punish students in class.6 It is good manners for people to respect each other.7It is bad for health for students not to have sports in the school.8 It is not known when to start tomorrow morning9 It has been very clear who to teach us Englishnext term10 It is a good habit to keep drinking milk every day11 It is not right to spend a lot of time in playing the computer games every day.造句：1坐在家里看电视很舒服2很幸运路上捡到一百元3尊敬老师是一种礼貌4每天喝足量的水是个好习惯5教你们英语是我的工作6说起来容易但做起来难7明天去植树是我们的任务8下周去旅游是老师的计划9 上一个好大学是父母的愿望10如何找到这个人是最重要的关键11学生每天早上读课文和单词后重要12每个人学好语言是可能的13躺在床上很舒服14在家里看电视是一种学习15在学校打篮球和乒乓球很有意思16花大量时间打电子游戏是一种时间的浪费17注意你的书写很有必要18在加拿大说英语和法语很容易19冬季去滑冰很有趣20夏季去钓鱼是一种享受21周末去购物也是一种享受22在床上看书很舒服23在街上遇到一个同学令人高兴24在操场打篮球是一种活动25在教室记英语单词是个好主意26认真做家庭作业是个好习惯27将来当个有名的大夫是我的想法28三年后当个大学生是父母的意思29十年后当个富有的人只是个计划30将来当个女科学家是我的最大愿望31五分钟内画一匹漂亮的马很难32不拿别人的书籍和钱是个好习惯33学生上课不迟到是对的34男人不抽烟是个好习惯35不吃太多的快餐食品有益健康36从星期一到星期五不看电视是父母的规定37跟一个漂亮的女人交朋友是每个男人的愿望38两分钟内算出（work out)一道物理题不容易39不借钱给别人是不对的40一个人不犯愚蠢的错误是不可能的41不喝浓茶有益健康42如何使用计算机是一门技巧43怎样学好数学是个问题44谁来教我们化学还不知道45谁去完成这个任务还没有定下来46什么时候开会还不清楚47哪里搞到这么多钱是个难题48为什么要盖一所新学校还不清楚49找什么样的女朋友很重要50吃什么菜已经定下（二）不定式作表语（不定式作表语时位于系动词be之后，对主语进行表述．．，表明主语．．和说明的计划、打算、想法、愿望等）如：1 My work is to teach you English gramm ar2 Our school' plan is to build a teaching building again behind the playground.3 The best way is for students to read English words and texts every morning.4 Most classmates' opinion（意见）is for girl students to clean the windows and doors5 Our studying task(任务) is to remember these words and sentences.6 My idea is to learn English ,math,physics and chemistry well first。