英文摘要怎么写 - 副本
英文摘要格式范例
英文樣張【英文文體一律使用Times New Roman，摘要頁面為A4一頁，內容包含題目、作者單位及內文一律以字形大小12 書寫；上下邊界 2.54cm、左右邊界3.17cm，無裝訂邊】Investigation of Strong Aftershock SequencesCheng-Horng LinInstitute of Earth Sciences, Academia SinicaAbstractThe 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan earthquake (Mw=7.6) triggered a huge number of strong aftershocks in the Taiwan area. Those earthquakes provide an ideal opportunity to statistically examine possible mechanisms of both earthquake triggering and fault interaction.IntroductionThe 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan earthquake (Mw = 7.6), one of the best instrumentally recorded earthquakes in the world (Teng et al., 2001), has provided another reliable seismic data set with which to examine possible mechanisms of earthquake triggering and fault interaction.ReferencesAndrew, M.F. and J. Lin, 2001: Delayed triggering of the 1999 Hector Mine earthquake by viscoelastic stress transfer, Nature, 411, 180-183.Chen, K.C. and J.H. Wang, 1988: A study on two 1986 Hualien, Taiwan earthquakes and their aftershocks, Proc. Geol. Soc. China, 31, 65-72.Figure 1. Distribution of earthquakes (small dots) after the 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan earthquake (a thick circle) and the general geology of the island of Taiwan. Most earthquakes are grouped into two seismic zones (i.e., the Chi-Chi and the Central Range seismic zones) marked by dashed-boxes. The regional seismic network(CWBSN) was marked by triangles.。
怎样写英文摘要（5篇）
怎样写英文摘要（5篇）第一篇：怎样写英文摘要摘要的类型与基本内容根据内容的不同，摘要可分为以下三大类：报道性摘要、指示性摘要和报道指示性摘要(1)报道性摘要(informative abstract)：也常称作信息性摘要或资料性摘要，其特点是全面、简要地概括论文的目的、方法、主要数据和结论。
通常,这种摘要可以部分地取代阅读全文。
(2)指示性摘要(indicative abstract)：也常称为说明性摘要、描述性摘要(descriptive abstract)或论点摘要(topic abstract)，一般只用二三句话概括论文的主题，而不涉及论据和结论，多用于综述、会议报告等。
该类摘要可用于帮助潜在的读者来决定是否需要阅读全文。
(3)报道-指示性摘要(informative-indicative abstract)：以报道性摘要的形式表述一次文献中的信息价值较高的部分，以指示性摘要的形式表述其余部分。
传统的摘要多为一段式，在内容上大致包括引言(Introduction)，材料与方法(Materials and Methods)，结果(Results)和讨论(Discussion)等主要方面，即IMRAD((Introduction，Methods，Results and Discussion)结构的写作模式。
20世纪80年代中期出现了另一种摘要文体，即“结构式摘要"(structured abstract),该摘要实质上是报道性摘要的结构化表达。
写摘要的注意事项摘要主要讲述本论文的要点。
结论写完以后再写摘要.摘要给人第一口苹果的品尝效果.审稿人一般用15分钟看摘要和引言.如果第一印象不好,他/她会去寻找理由建议主编退稿.5 摘要的读者面比论文全文的读者面大得多。
不要用第一人称。
写摘要的顺序第一句话：讲一下你这篇文章的研究意义（但是有的杂志不需要这句话）第二句话：以 To eluicdatie the mechanism..., To investigate....,或者for the purpose of....开头来讲述你这样研究的目的。
完整英文摘要
完整英文摘要第一篇：完整英文摘要lee's culture is located in the west of Long shan mountain, WeiShui river of the ancient county, is one of the cradles of Chinese ancient civilization, and also the birthplace of The lee.With Dunhuang culture, Tianshui fuxi culture, LaBuLengSi Tibetan Buddhism culture is one of four culture of Gansu province.But at present, the cultural development of West gansu is lagging behind, a lot of development and utilization of resources is difficult to get, it has to do withWest gansu geographical position relatively closed, human resources development has a close relationship.Lee's culture as an important form about culture, also suffered a bottleneck in its development, lee's cultural history and contemporary development not well together, especially in the promotion and development of invested is not enough, lead to lee's culture has been difficult to familiar to the general public.Local economic backward culture is difficult to promote the development process.Fully realize the importance of West gansu lee culture, reasonable and effective development of lee's culture, make its internal value have spread wider, deeper reach to culture to promote economic and cultural development dual goal.Cultural characteristicscountermeasuresThe economicdevelopment第二篇：摘要英文摘要温度是生产过程中常见和重要的物理参数。
英语摘要范文5篇
1、现代化要求教师角色重新定位。
The Demand of Relocating Teachers’ Role in ModernizationIn the current era of globalization, the role of teacher in education is undergoing great change. Instead of providing knowledge for students once and for all, teachers are expected to show the students how to find, obtain and use knowledge on their own. More importantly, teachers should act as a facilitator and counselor for students’ future development. To achieve this goal, teachers need to respond to students’ abilities and adapt to the changing demand readily. In brief, teaching is all about offering paths to students and keeping them highly motivated on the way.2、博物馆免费开放：亟待公众热情参与。
The Museum is Free：the Enthusiasm of the Public is ExpectedIn March 2008, our government had made a decision that the museum would be opened free for the public. This decision is welcomed and shortens the distance between the public and the museum, which not only ensures the cultural rights of the public but also promotes economic growth though it still has some disadvantages. Specifically speaking, it provides an opportunity for the public participation and can arouse their enthusiasm. Meantime, the system construction of the public participation should be strengthened thereby to improve the utilization of the publiccultural resources. Moreover, various museum exhibitions can sat isfy the pu blic’s spiritual andcultural needs and cultivate their loyalty and enhance the cohesion of a nation. Besides, it also promotes the local economic development based on the development of cultural heritage.3、论科学研究的方法。
英文合同摘要格式模板
英文合同摘要格式模板This document serves as a summary of the contract entered into by and between [Party A] and [Party B] on [Date]. This contract outlines the terms and conditions under which both parties agree to conduct business together.1. Parties Involved:- [Party A]: [Name], located at [Address]- [Party B]: [Name], located at [Address]2. Scope of Work:The scope of work outlines the specific services or products that [Party A] will provide to [Party B]. This includes a detailed description of the work to be completed, timelines for completion, and any deliverables that will be provided.3. Payment Terms:Payment terms outline how and when payments will be made for the services or products provided by [Party A]. This includes the total amount due, any payment schedules, and any penalties for late payment.4. Confidentiality:Confidentiality clauses outline how sensitive information shared between both parties will be protected. This includes specifics on what information is considered confidential, how it will be safeguarded, and the consequences for breaching confidentiality.5. Termination:Termination clauses outline the conditions under which either party may choose to terminate the contract. This includes provisions for notice periods, reasons for termination, and any penalties for early termination.6. Dispute Resolution:Dispute resolution clauses outline how any conflicts or disagreements between both parties will be resolved. This can include mediation, arbitration, or litigation procedures.7. Governing Law:Governing law clauses specify which jurisdiction's laws will govern the contract. This ensures that both parties understand the legal framework under which the contract operates.8. Amendments:Amendment clauses outline how any changes to the contract will be made. This includes provisions for updating terms, obtaining consent from both parties, and documenting any changes in writing.9. Signatures:Both [Party A] and [Party B] must sign the contract to indicate their agreement to the terms and conditions outlined. Signatures confirm that both parties understand and agree to abide by the contract.By signing below, both parties acknowledge that they have read and understood the terms and conditions outlined in this contract summary.[Party A Signature] [Date][Party B Signature] [Date]This contract summary is a brief overview of the key terms and conditions of the contract between [Party A] and [Party B]. For a detailed understanding of the full contract, please refer to the original document.。
如何写好英文摘要
如何写英文摘要一、概述文章摘要是对所写文章主要内容的精炼概括。
美国人称摘要为“Abstract”,而英国人则喜欢称其为“Summary”。
通常国际刊物要求所要刊登的文章字数，包括摘要部分不超过1万字。
而对文章摘要部分的字数要求则更少。
因此，写摘要时，应用最为简练的语言来表达论文之精华。
论文摘要的重点应放在所研究的成果和结论上。
国际会议要求的论文摘要的字数不等，一般为200字-500字。
而国际刊物要求所刊登的论文摘要的字数通常是100字-200字。
摘要的位置一般放在一篇文章的最前面，内容上涵盖全文，并直接点明全旨。
语言上要求尽量简炼。
摘要通常多采用第三人称撰写。
科学书籍、论文和学术报告一般都附有内容摘要，这样可以节省读者的时间，使他们不必读完整个文章就能够了解它的主要内容。
书籍摘要，一般放在封二或封三；论文和学术报告的摘要，一般放在正文前面。
摘要应做到简明扼要，切题，能独立成文，使读者能准确地了解书籍的要义。
写摘要时，最好用第三人称的完整的陈述句，文长一般不超过200个词。
摘要分陈述性的（Descriptive）和资料性的（Informational）两类。
陈述性摘要只陈述书籍或文章的主题，不介绍内容。
资料性的摘要除了介绍主题外，还应介绍文章的要点和各个要点的主要内容。
它可以包括三个组成部分①点明主题，解析文章或书籍的目的或意图；②介绍主要内容，使读者迅速了解文章或书籍的概貌；③提出结论或建议，以供读者参考。
二、常见句型常见的摘要句型有：1）This paper deals with...2）This article focuses on the topics of (that,having,etc)...3）This eassy presents knowledge that...4）This thesis discusses...5）This thesis analyzes...6）This paper provides an overview of...7)This paper elaborates on ...8）This article gives an overview of...9）This article compares...and summarizes key findings.10）This paper includes discussions concerning...11)This paper presents up to date information on...12)This article covers the role of chemicals in...13)This paper addresses important topics including...14)This paper touches upon...15)This paper strongly emphasizes...16)This eassy represents the preceedings of ...17)This article not only describes...but also suggests...18)This paper considers...19)This paper provides a method of ...20)This paper introduces an applicable procedure to analyze...21)This paper offers the latest information regarding...22)This paper is devoted to examining the role of...23)This article explores...24)This paper expresses views on...25)This paper reflects the state of the art in...26)This paper explains the procedures for...27)This paper develops the theory of ...28)This article reviews the techniques used in...29)This paper investigates the techniques and procedures to...30)This article is about...31)This eassy is related to ...32)This paper concerns...33)This paper gives an account of ...34)This article tells of...35)This paper tries to describe...36)This paper provides an analysis of ...37)This paper reports the latest information on ...38)The author of this article reviews...39)The writer of this paper discusses...40)The writer of this eassy tries to explore...41)The aim of this paper is to determine...42)The purpose of this article is to review...43)The objective of this paper is to explore...破题用语，一般有：①Th额author of this article reviews (or: discusses,describes,summarizes,examines)something……②This article reviews (or:reports,tells of,is about,concerns)something…….③This article has been prepared (or:designed,written)…….④The purpose of t his article is to determine something…….⑤The problem of something is discussed …….结论和建议，一般有以下几种写法：①The author suggests (recommends,concludes)that…….②This article shows that…….③It is suggested that…….④The author's suggestion (or:conclusion )is that ……⑤The author finds it necessary to …….三、分类举例1）陈述型论文摘要。
论文英文摘要格式
论文英文摘要格式The abstract is a concise and informative summary of the main aspects of a research paper. It typically includes the purpose, methods, results, and conclusions of the study. The following is a recommended format for writing an abstract in English for a research paper:1. Introduction: Start the abstract by introducing the background and significance of the research topic.2. Objectives: Clearly state the research objectives or main research question that the study aims to address.3. Methods: Provide a brief description of the research design, methods, and materials used in the study.4. Results: Summarize the key findings or outcomes of the research. Include any statistical significance, if applicable.5. Conclusions: State the main conclusions or implications of the study and highlight their significance. Avoid generalizations and unsupported claims.6. Keywords: Include a list of relevant keywords or phrases that can help identify the main subject of the research.7. Length: Keep the abstract concise, usually between 150 to 250 words. Avoid including unnecessary details or referring to figures or tables.8. Language: Use clear and concise language. Avoid jargon and technical terms unless necessary. Use active voice and be specific in your descriptions.Remember that the abstract is often the first part of your research paper that readers will see, so it should be well-written and accurately represent the content of your study.。
英文文章摘要怎么写.doc
英文文章摘要怎么写英文文章摘要怎么写?英文文章摘要范文【1】abstractthe joy luck clubis written by famous chinese american writer amy tan in the end of 1980s. it isabout the experience of four mothers immigrating fromchinaand their four american born daughtersliving in theunited states.this paper mainly discusses the application of mitchells womens estate in the joyluck club. based on the position of women in society and family, writerthoroughly analyzes the oppressions on women.the paper includes threechapters, t heory of “womens estate”, the position of women in the joy luck club and consciousness-raisingreflected in the joy luck club. accordingly, it is reveals that the oppressionsgiven by men on women in families are inevitable, only can women have theability to liberate themselves.keywords: women; families; oppressions; mitchells“womens estate”论文英文标题、摘要等的写法【2】1.英文题名(标题)1) 题名的结构。
英文摘要万能模板
英文摘要万能模板篇一：英语摘要十大万能模板由于英语摘要是新题型，相对来讲比较难，但是大家摸清基本的套路和方法，就不会无从下笔了，下面的十个模板是从《MBA联考英语写作分册》摘录的，模板很简单，大家把模板背熟，到考试是直接套用就行了，不过最好先找几篇文章练练笔，熟悉一下流程。
英文摘要的基本方法就是：首先，写出中文摘要；其次，把它用简单的英文翻译过来并加以修改。
英文摘要的写作注意事项：1、英文摘要结构严谨，表达简明，语义确切。
尽量使用短句，慎用长句。
2、应采用第三人称表达方式，谓语动词用一般现在时、现在完成时或一般过去时。
进行时态和其他复合时态基本不用。
3、英文摘要的语态既可采用主动，也可采用被动。
英语摘要十大万能模板框架一In the first paragraph of the dissertation, the author highlights that due attention has to be paid to__. Several fundamental factors have contributed to such a tendency. First and foremost, among the most convincing causes identified by people, one should be stressed, that is __. In addition, as far as the author is concerned, __ is of utmost significance to our society. The last but not the least, as isillustrated in the last paragraph of the essay, the writer also takes __into consideration. Given all the above argument, we can draw the conclusion that __ is indeed crucial.在本段的第一段，强调我们必须充分重视＿（中心词）。
英文摘要书写技巧
英文摘要书写技巧【摘要】The abstract is a crucial part of any research paper, providing a brief summary of the study's key points. In this article, we discuss some important tips for writing an effective abstract.Firstly, it is essential to choose a clear and concise title that accurately reflects the research. Including relevant keywords can help improve the visibility of the study in search results. The abstract should provide a brief overview of the research, outlining the purpose, methods, results, and conclusions. Using a structured format with distinct sections can help guide the reader through the abstract. Avoiding technical jargon can ensure that the abstract is accessible to a wider audience.【关键词】英文摘要、书写技巧、清晰简洁的标题、关键词、研究摘要、结构化格式、避免技术术语1. 引言1.1 IntroductionThe abstract is a crucial part of any research paper as it provides a brief overview of the study and its findings. It servesas a snapshot of the entire paper, allowing readers to quickly understand the purpose and significance of the research. In this article, we will discuss some key tips for writing an effective abstract that effectively communicates the essence of your research. By following these guidelines, authors can ensure that their abstracts are clear, concise, and informative, ultimately helping to attract readers and generate interest in their work.2. 正文2.1 Choose a clear and concise titleRemember that the title of your abstract is often the first thing that readers will see, so it is important to make a good first impression. By choosing a clear and concise title, you can ensure that your abstract stands out and attracts the attention of potential readers.2.2 Include keywordsOne strategy for choosing keywords is to identify key terms that are repeated throughout your paper. These may include important concepts, variables, or theories that are central to your research. Additionally, consider using synonyms or alternative terms that readers might use when searching for information on your topic.2.3 Provide a brief summary of the researchOverall, the summary should give readers a clear understanding of what the research is about and why it is significant. By providing a concise overview of the study, the abstract can help readers determine whether the research is relevant to their interests and worth further investigation.2.4 Use a structured formatOne common format for structuring an abstract includes the following sections:2.5 Avoid technical jargonAdditionally, avoiding technical jargon can also help improve the overall readability and flow of your abstract. Readers will be able to grasp the key concepts and findings of your research more easily, leading to a more engaging and informative abstract.3. 结论3.1 ConclusionIn conclusion, writing a concise and well-structured abstract is essential for effectively communicating the key findings and importance of your research. By following the tips outlined inthis article, such as choosing a clear title, including relevant keywords, providing a brief summary of the research, using a structured format, and avoiding technical jargon, researchers can increase the visibility and impact of their work. A well-written abstract can attract more readers, increase the chances of publication, and enhance the overall quality of a research paper. Therefore, it is important for researchers to dedicate time and effort to crafting a well-written abstract that accurately represents the significance of their research findings.。
英文标题、摘要写法
英文标题、摘要写法第一篇：英文标题、摘要写法英文标题首字母大写（1）一般实词（名词、动词、代词、形容词、副词等）首字母大写，虚词（介词、冠词、连词、感叹词）首字母小写。
（2）标题第一个单词、最后一个单词，无论是实词还是虚词，首字母都要大写。
（3）5个及5个字母以上的虚词,如between、without、alongside、underneath等，都应该大写。
（4）如果是重要的提示性标题，或专有名称标题，可以全部字母都用大写，但应慎用。
学术论文英语标题和摘要的撰写方法一、英文题名题名的结构英文题名以短语为主要形式，尤以名词短语(noun phrase)最常见，即题名基本上由1个或几个名词加上其前置和(或)后置定语构成。
短语型题名要确定好中心词，再进行前后修饰。
各个词的顺序很重要，词序不当，会导致表达不准。
题名一般不应是陈述句，因为题名主要起标示作用，而陈述句容易使题名具有判断式的语义；且陈述句不够精练和醒目，重点也不易突出。
少数情况(评述性、综述性和驳斥性)下可以用疑问句做题名，疑问句可有探讨性语气，易引起读者兴趣。
题名的字数题名不应过长。
国外科技期刊一般对题名字数有所限制。
例如，美国医学会规定题名不超过2行，每行不超过42个印刷符号和空格；英国数学会要求题名不超过12个词。
总的原则是，题名应确切、简练、醒目，在能准确反映论文特定内容的前提下，题名词数越少越好。
中英文题名的一致性同一篇论文，其英文题名与中文题名内容上应一致，但不等于说词语要一一对应。
在许多情况下，个别非实质性的词可以省略或变动。
题名中的冠词科技论文题名中的冠词有简化的趋势，凡可用可不用的冠词均可不用。
题名中的大小写题名字母的大小写有以下3种格式：全部字母大写；每个词的首字母大写，但3个或4个字母以下的冠词、连词、介词全部小写；题名第1个词的首字母大写，其余字母均小写。
题名中的缩略词语已得到整个科技界或本行业科技人员公认的缩略词语，才可用于题名中，否则不要轻易使用。
英文摘要写法与格式
本科生毕业生论文英文摘要写作规范
1、英文摘要是应用符合英文语法的文字语言，提供论文内容梗概为目的的短文。
（内容基本与中文摘要相同，但不用完全逐句对应）。
2、英文题目、摘要、关键词自成一页（1页即可），放在中文摘要页之后。
3、英文字体与行间距：统一使用“西文字体”中的“Times New
Roman”，倍行间距。
4、英文题目：使用三号字加粗。
5、英文摘要：“Absract”顶格，使用四号字，并加粗。
英文摘要具体内容使用四号字。
6、英文关键词：“Key Words”顶格，使用四号字并加粗。
每个关键词使用四号字
见下一页范本。
英文文章摘要范文
英文文章摘要范文An abstract is a concise summary of a research paper, thesis, review, conference proceeding, or any in-depth analysis of a particular subject and is often used to help the reader quickly ascertain the paper's purpose. Abstracts highlight the main ideas and core information outlined in a longer piece of writing. They allow readers to survey the contents of a paper and decide whether it is relevant to their own research or interests. A well-crafted abstract can determine whether an audience will want to read the entire work.When writing an abstract, it is important to include the essential elements that will provide the reader with a clear, concise understanding of the paper's content. These key components typically include the paper's purpose, methods, results, and conclusions. The abstract should accurately represent what is discussed in the greater body of the work without including too much extraneous information.The first sentence of an abstract should clearly introduce the topic of the paper and provide some background information. This openingstatement should concisely explain the significance or importance of the research. For example, an abstract for a paper on a new treatment for cancer might begin by stating, "This study examines the efficacy of a newly developed chemotherapy drug in treating late-stage lung cancer."Following the introductory sentence, the abstract should describe the methods or methodology used in the research. This section might cover the types of data collected, the research participants, the procedures followed, and the analytical techniques employed. Using the previous example, the methods section of the abstract could read, "A randomized, double-blind clinical trial was conducted with 500 participants diagnosed with stage 4 non-small cell lung cancer. Participants were randomly assigned to receive either the new chemotherapy drug or a placebo. Tumor size and progression were measured at regular intervals over the course of a 6-month treatment period."The results section of an abstract is critical, as it informs the reader of the key findings of the research. This part of the abstract should summarize the most important outcomes, trends, and conclusions supported by the data. In the lung cancer study example, the results might be stated as, "The results of the study showed that patients receiving the new chemotherapy drug experienced a 35% reduction in tumor size on average, compared to a 5% reduction in the placebogroup. Progression-free survival was also significantly higher in the treatment group."Finally, the abstract should conclude with a statement about the significance or implications of the research. This closing sentence or two should explain why the findings are important and what they contribute to the existing knowledge on the topic. Using the sample topic again, the concluding sentence of the abstract could read, "These findings suggest that this new chemotherapy drug could be an effective treatment option for patients with late-stage lung cancer who have exhausted other therapeutic avenues."When writing an abstract, it is essential to be as clear and concise as possible. Avoid jargon and overly technical language that may confuse or alienate the reader. The abstract should be self-contained, meaning it can be understood independently without the reader having to refer to the full paper. It is also important to accurately reflect the content and conclusions of the entire work - the abstract should not exaggerate or misrepresent the research.The length of an abstract can vary depending on the publication or assignment guidelines, but they are typically between 150 and 300 words. Some abstracts may be even shorter, ranging from a single paragraph to a maximum of 500 words. Regardless of the specific word count, the abstract should be tightly focused and provide acomprehensive overview of the key elements of the paper.In addition to succinctly summarizing the research, a well-written abstract can also serve other important functions. It allows researchers to quickly determine the relevance of a paper to their own work and decide whether they want to read the full text. Abstracts are also important for indexing and cataloging research, as they help make papers searchable and discoverable in databases and online repositories.Overall, the abstract is a critical component of a research paper or other academic work. It gives readers an at-a-glance understanding of the study's purpose, methods, findings, and significance. By following best practices for abstract writing, authors can ensure that their work is accessible, informative, and appealing to a wide audience of scholars and researchers.。
怎样写英语作文的摘要格式
怎样写英语作文的摘要格式How to Write an English Essay。
Writing an English essay can be a daunting task, especially for those who are not native speakers of the language. However, with the right approach and some practice, anyone can write a great essay in English. Here are some tips on how to write an English essay.1. Choose a topic。
The first step in writing an English essay is to choose a topic. This can be a challenging task, but it is important to choose a topic that you are interested in and that you have some knowledge about. You can also choose a topic that is relevant to your course or to current events.2. Brainstorm ideas。
Once you have chosen a topic, the next step is tobrainstorm ideas. This involves jotting down all the ideas that come to mind, even if they seem unrelated or unimportant. This will help you to identify the main points that you want to discuss in your essay.3. Create an outline。
英文摘要写作格式和输入规范要求
英文摘要和外文翻译的格式要求目录一、总体要求 (2)二、英文标题 (2)三、作者姓名 (2)四、摘要 (3)五、关键词 (3)六、正文。
(3)七、图表。
(4)八、参考文献。
(4)九、斜体。
(4)十、英国人姓名规则 (4)十一、英文大、小写字母的使用 (5)十二、英文回行的基本规则 (6)十三、段落规则 (7)十四、英文标点使用规则 (7)十五、英国英语和美国英语标点符号的差异 (19)十六、中英文标点符号的差异 (19)十七：中国学生常见标点符号错误例析 (21)一、总体要求要求英语语言较为地道、通顺、简练，语法正确，符合英语表达习惯，专业术语规范、准确。
外文页所有字体均为Times New Roman ，要在英文状态输入法下输入，注意标点符号是英文的。
请结合所给模版认真体会。
本说明未尽事项，请查阅相关规定。
二、英文标题题目应写在第一行的中间，题目左右两边的空白距离大致相等。
题目的第一个单词的第一个字母必须大写。
从第二个单词起，其中每个实义词的第一个字母大写，而冠词、介词和连词的第一个字母则一般小写。
如：A Day to RememberLet's Go in for Sports题目的另一种写法是所有单词的第一个字母全部用大写。
如：My Life As Factory WorkerA Walk Under The Rain写题目不要用括号或引号。
题目后除了问号和感叹号之外，不加其它标点符号。
1、冠词：位于标题头时，首字母大写；位于标题中时，全部字母小写；2、介词及连词：位于标题头时，首字母大写；位于标题中时，5个（含）以上字母的，首字母大写；4个（含）以下字母的，全部字母小写。
三、作者姓名居中，斜体；中国人姓名按照中国人习惯，姓前名后，姓全部字母大写，名第一个字母大写，若名为2个字，则2个字之间加短线“-”，作者姓名之间加逗号“·”最后两作者之间加“and”。
⑴XIANG Hong-qiong and FENG Zhi-xin⑵YANG Xiu-hong , WU Zong-pu and ZHANG Guo-dong⑶西方国家及其它国家人的姓名按其习慣顺序排列，如：Sophie Dupont；缩写姓名时，姓要大写，之间用句号；如：J. H. Caemmere ；M. H. Thatcher（句号后面空1字符）⑷作者姓名及其排序应与中文稿一致。
期刊论文英文摘要格式
期刊论文英文摘要格式（Title）应简洁、明确，并准确反映论文的核心内容。
使用主动语态，并避免使用缩写、行话或术语。
作者信息（Author Information）在下方，列出所有作者的姓名、所属机构及联系信息。
确保所有作者都同意在论文中列出。
摘要（Abstract）摘要应提供论文的简要概述，包括研究目的、方法、结果和结论。
确保摘要不超过250字，并使用第三人称。
关键词（Keywords）在摘要下方，列出35个关键词，这些关键词应与论文内容紧密相关，并有助于读者在数据库中找到您的论文。
引言（Introduction）引言部分应简要介绍研究背景、目的和意义。
确保这部分内容与摘要相呼应，并为读者提供足够的背景信息。
方法（Methods）方法部分应详细描述您的研究方法、实验设计、数据收集和分析方法。
确保这部分内容足够详细，以便其他研究人员能够重复您的实验。
结果（Results）结果部分应报告您的实验结果，并使用图表、表格和图像等视觉元素来支持您的发现。
确保结果部分与摘要中的结果相一致。
讨论（Discussion）讨论部分应解释您的研究结果，并将其与现有文献进行比较。
确保这部分内容深入分析结果，并指出研究的局限性和未来研究方向。
结论（Conclusion）致谢（Acknowledgments）附录（Appendices）在致谢下方，提供任何额外的材料，如原始数据、代码或额外的图表。
确保附录部分与内容相一致。
期刊论文英文摘要格式（Title）是论文的“门面”，应简洁明了，直接反映论文的核心内容。
避免使用缩写、行话或术语，以便所有读者都能理解。
通常使用主动语态，这样可以更直接地传达信息。
作者信息（Author Information）在下方，列出所有作者的姓名、所属机构及联系信息。
确保所有作者都同意在论文中列出，并且按照贡献大小排序。
联系信息应包括电子邮件地址，以便读者与作者联系。
摘要（Abstract）摘要应提供论文的简要概述，包括研究目的、方法、结果和结论。
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3 Summary中可以加些图表甚至公式， 有利于读者的理解和记忆。但Abstract不 能夹带图表和公式。经常写文章的学者， 在构思阶段，习惯写个提纲，其实就是 提要的前身。大多数人先把文章写好， 再概括出摘要。当然，也有些情况下需 要先写摘要，比如申请基金或提交意向 书等。
Process of summary writing
You should bear in mind the following requirements:.
your summary should not be longer than a third of the original passage; it Should be faithful to the original, with no change in facts or views, and no important points left out; and it should be written in continuous prose, not in the form of an outline
Balance: Giving equal attention to each main idea and stressing ideas that the author stresses will result in an accurate summary.
After finishing writing a summary, how do you judge or check it? Questions to judge a valid summary are as follows:
是个总结就可以称之为Summary
Abstract
abstract = 摘要(学术界/ 论文用) 不可用图表和公司
Summary
summary = 摘要/总结 (general public 用) 可插入图表和公式
独立于正文前
数十到300字左右
正文结尾，或每章节后
Objectivity: No idea that is not the author’s should be included in the summary, and no opinion of the summary writer should be in the summary. No judgments are permitted in a summary.
What is a abstract?
An abstract should be viewed as a miniature vesion of the paper. The abstract should provide a brief summary of each of the main sections of the paper: Introduction, Materials and Methods, Results, and Discussion. As Houghton(1975) puts it, “An abstract can be defined as a summary of the information in a document.” 美国《化学文摘》、《生物文摘》和英联邦 农业局的文摘系统对文摘的定义是“对原文 内容准确、扼要的表达。不加补充解释和评 论”。
2.提要（或简介），即英文的Summary ：既然 称之为提要，即包含提炼和要点两个方面。 在科技文献和教科书中，提要强调对研究课 题内容的概括，比如实验内容、目的、研究 的展望等方面的简述。提要对字数的要求比 较灵活，可长可短。既可以图文并茂，也可 以广征博引。既可放在文前，也可以置于文 后。和摘要Abstract 相比，提要 Summary 更 普及常用，不论是在学术界还是日常交流中 都会经常出现
The difference of abstract and summary
摘要（或文摘），也就是英文的Abstract 顾名 思义，是一篇文章摘出来的要点。其内容讲 究的是对文章内容的高度压缩，强调的是对 文字本身的概括，不能夹带图表、参考文献。 摘要（Abstract）写好了很不简单，原因是其 对文数的限制比较严格。一般SCI英文论文摘 要允许200 - 300字，很少有超过500字的。摘 要不论是在书里还是论文中，都是放在文前。 许多SCI期刊对摘要的格式有不同的要求，比 如结构摘要，非结构摘要等。是出于出版形 式的考虑，本质和目的不变。
Summary & Abstract
Summary 和 Abstract 如 何 写 Summary 如何写科技论文摘要 如何写毕业论文摘要 —旷代亭子小姐 —啊咪咪 —猛男 —二货
What is a summary?
A summary is a short version of a longer piece of writing. It’s about one-third to one-fourth as long as the original passage. It saves time, space and energy by producing an reduced form of an article or other long document.
Summary Writing
The summary Qualities of a summary Process of summary writing Suggestions on writing summaries
Qualities of a Sumห้องสมุดไป่ตู้ary
The qualities of a summary are as follows:
1) 2) 3) 4) Did I include all the important ideas? Did I omit all unnecessary words and phrases? Does the summary read smoothly? Would a reader of my summary who had not read the article get a clear idea of the article?