ACCELERATORS
NEC Vector Engine Accelerators 用户指南说明书
QuickSpecsNEC Vector Engine Accelerators OverviewNEC Vector Engine AcceleratorsHewlett Packard Enterprise supports, on selected HPE ProLiant and Apollo servers, computational modules based on the NEC Vector Engine technology.The NEC Vector Engine Accelerator Module with its unmatched memory bandwidth per core offers a balanced architecture for applications bounded by insufficient Byte per FLOPS characteristics.Extremely large amount of data can be processed per cycle thanks to the native vector architecture.Moreover, users can easily exploit these capabilities via a standard development environment leveraged from the vector supercomputers era. Applications don’t have to be migrated to a new programming environment. Existing Fortran and C/C++ codes will simply have to be recompiled for the Vector Engine processor.Full software environment is available with compilers, libraries and tools. Compilers are able to vectorize and auto-parallelize loops. Parallelization with OpenMP and MPI is supported.The NEC Vector Engine Accelerator Module is offered in a PCIe form factor, to be hosted by an HPE supported server running a standard Linux® operating system as the user front end.It has been developed using 16nm FinFET process technology for extreme high performance and low power consumption.An outstanding memory bandwidth of 1.2 TB/s is leveraged from the exceptional integration of six HBM2 memory modules and a multi-core vector processor using Chip-on-Wafer-on-Substrate technology.The eight cores share a Last-Level-Cache, facilitating shared memory parallelization.NEC Vector Engine ModelsHPE NEC Vector Engine Accelerator Module Q7G75A Notes: Q7G75A is to be used with HPE Apollo 6500 Gen10. Please see the server QuickSpecs for configuration rules, including requirements for enablement kits.HPE NEC Vector Engine Accelerator Module Q7G75C Notes: Q7G75C is to be used with HPE ProLiant DL380 Gen10. Please see the server QuickSpecs for configuration rules, including requirements for enablement kits.Description HPE NEC Vector Engine Accelerator ModuleHPE NEC VectorEngine Accelerator Module Q7G75A or Q7G75CImageHPE NEC Vector Engine Accelerator Module (VE) offers the best memory bandwidth per core to accelerate AI and HPC real applications. Its record Bytes per FL OPS ratio unleashes applications that are memory bandwidth bounded on current architectures. High sustained application performance of Vector Supercomputers is now available in this PCIe card form factor, at a fraction of the power consumption.Performance2.15 TFLOPS DP | 4.3 TFLOPS SP Memory Size48 GB HBM2 Stacked Memory Memory Bandwidth1.2 TB/s to HBM2 Stacked Memory Bytes/FLOPS0.56 Cores8 Vector Cores Each core with 3 FMA units, 1 Scalar unit, 64 registers of 16,384 bits (256 elements) - 128kB p. corePeer to Peer via PCIex16 PCIe Gen3 Power<300W CoolingPassive Cooling Form FactorDouble-width, Full Height, Full Length Supported Servers and Operating Systems Supported Servers Maximum number of VE cards per Server Server supported Operating Systems HPE ProLiant DL380 Gen10 Up to 3RHEL and CentOS 7.4, 7.5HPE Apollo 6500 Gen10 Up to 8RHEL and CentOS 7.4, 7.5 Software (orderseparately)NEC Fortran (2003, 2008), C (11), C++ (14) compilers. OpenMP 4.5. NEC MPI 3.1. BL AS, FFT, libc, Lapack, etc libraries. Stencil library. GNU profiler (gprof). GNU debugger (gdb) and Eclipse parallel tools platform (PTP). FtraceViewer, PROGINF tools. Notes:− HPE ProLiant DL380 Gen10 servers must be equipped with several options to receive the HPE NEC Vector Engine. Forexample, High Performance Heatsink Kit, High Performance Temperature Fan Kit, Graphics Cable Kit. Only a selection of HPE ProLiant DL380 Gen10 server models are supported with the HPE NEC Vector Engine Accelerator Module. Please see the HPE ProLiant DL380 Gen10 server QuickSpecs for configuration rules. − NEC Software Licenses are available from HPE on a per project basis.Performance of the Vector Engine 1.0 Type 10B-P•The Vector Engine 1.0 Type 10B-P PCIe module is built for HPC and AI.•8 vector cores.•16MB last-level-cache shared by all the cores at 3TB/s (400GB/s per core).•Each core has 64 registers of 16,384 bits (256 elements) for a total of 128kB per core.•Three Fused Multiply-Add (FMA), one Scalar and a few other functional units are available per core.• 2.15 TFLOPS of double-precision performance.• 4.30 TFLOPS of single-precision performance.•48GB HBM2 at 1.2 TB/s.•Power consumption: less than 300W.•x16 PCIe Gen 3.0 maximizes bandwidth between the HPE ProL iant server and the vector processors. The whole application being run on the Vector Engine, it is less subject to PCIe bottleneck than codes offloading functions to accelerators and transferring data constantly.•Vector processors can communicate directly when placed under the same root complex. Up to 8 VEs in an Apollo 6500 Gen10.Service and SupportService and SupportNotes:This option is covered under HPE Support Services / Service Contract applied to the HPE ProLiant Server. No separate HPE Support Services need to be purchased.Most HPE branded options sourced from HPE that are compatible with your product will be covered under your main product support at the same level of coverage, allowing you to upgrade freely. Please check HPE ProLiant Server documentation for more details on the services for this particular option.HPE Pointnext - Service and SupportGet the most from your HPE Products. Get the expertise you need at every step of your IT journey with HPE Pointnext Services. We help you lower your risks and overall costs using automation and methodologies that have been tested and refined by HPE experts through thousands of deployments globally. HPE Pointnext Advisory Services, focus on your business outcomes and goals, partnering with you to design your transformation and build a roadmap tuned to your unique challenges. Our Professional and Operational Services can be leveraged to speed up time-to-production, boost performance and accelerate your business. HPE Pointnext specializes in flawless and on-time implementation, on-budget execution, and creative configurations that get the most out of software and hardware alike.Consume IT on your termsHPE GreenLake brings the cloud experience directly to your apps and data wherever they are—the edge, colocations, or your data center. It delivers cloud services for on-premises IT infrastructure specifically tailored to your most demanding workloads. With a pay-per-use, scalable, point-and-click self-service experience that is managed for you, HPE GreenLake accelerates digital transformation in a distributed, edge-to-cloud world.•Get faster time to market•Save on TCO, align costs to business•Scale quickly, meet unpredictable demand•Simplify IT operations across your data centers and cloudsManaged services to run your IT operationsHPE GreenLake Management Services provides services that monitor, operate, and optimize your infrastructure and applications, delivered consistently and globally to give you unified control and let you focus on innovation. Recommended ServicesHPE Pointnext Tech Care.HPE Pointnext Tech Care is the new operational service experience for HPE products. Tech Care goes beyond traditional support by providing access to product specific experts, an AI driven digital experience, and general technical guidance to not only reduce risk but constantly search for ways to do things better. HPE Pointnext Tech Care has been reimagined from the ground up to support a customer-centric, AI driven, and digitally enabled customer experience to move your business forward. HPE Pointnext Tech Care is available in three response levels. Basic, which provides 9x5 business hour availability and a 2 hour response time. Essential which provides a 15 minute response time 24x7 for most enterprise level customers, and Critical which includes a 6 hour repair commitment where available and outage management response for severity 1 incidents.https:///services/techcareHPE Pointnext Complete CareHPE Pointnext Complete Care is a modular, edge-to-cloud IT environment service that provides a holistic approach to optimizing your entire IT environment and achieving agreed upon IT outcomes and business goals through a personalized and customer-centric experience. All delivered by an assigned team of HPE Pointnext Services experts. HPE Pointnext Complete Care provides: • A complete coverage approach -- edge to cloud•An assigned HPE team•Modular and fully personalized engagement•Enhanced Incident Management experience with priority access•Digitally enabled and AI driven customer experiencehttps:///services/completecareTechnical SpecificationsWarranty and Support ServicesWarranty and Support Services will extend to include HPE options configured with your server or storage device. The price of support service is not impacted by configuration details. HPE sourced options that are compatible with your product will be covered under your server support at the same level of coverage allowing you to upgrade freely. Installation for HPE options is available as needed. To keep support costs low for everyone, some high value options will require additional support. Additional support is only required on select high value workload accelerators, fibre channel switches, InfiniBand and UPS batteries over12KVA.See the specific high value options that require additional support hereProtect your business beyond warranty with HPE Support ServicesHPE Pointnext provides a comprehensive portfolio including Advisory and Transformational, Professional, and Operational Services to help accelerate your digital transformation. From the onset of your transformation journey, Advisory and Transformational Services focus on designing the transformation and creating a solution roadmap. Professional Services specializes in creative configurations with flawless and on-time implementation, and on-budget execution. Finally, operational services provides innovative new approaches like Flexible Capacity and Complete Care, to keep your business at peak performance. HPE is ready to bring together all the pieces of the puzzle for you, with an eye on the future, and make the complex simple.Parts and MaterialsHewlett Packard Enterprise will provide HPE-supported replacement parts and materials necessary to maintain the covered hardware product in operating condition, including parts and materials for available and recommended engineering improvements.Parts and components that have reached their maximum supported lifetime and/or the maximum usage limitations as set forth in the manufacturer's operating manual, product QuickSpecs, or the technical product data sheet will not be provided, repaired, or replaced as part of these services.The defective media retention service feature option applies only to Disk or eligible SSD/Flash Drives replaced by Hewlett Packard Enterprise due to malfunction.HPE Support CenterThe HPE Support Center is a personalized online support portal with access to information, tools and experts to support HPE business products. Submit support cases online, chat with HPE experts, access support resources or collaborate with peers. Learn more https:///hpesc/public/homeHPE's Support Center Mobile App* allows you to resolve issues yourself or quickly connect to an agent for live support. Now, you can get access to personalized IT support anywhere, anytime.HPE Insight Remote Support and HPE Support Center are available at no additional cost with a HPE warranty, HPE Support Service or HPE contractual support agreement.Notes:*HPE Support Center Mobile App is subject to local availability.For more informationVisit the Hewlett Packard Enterprise Service and Support website.Summary of ChangesDate Version History Action Description of Change15-Nov-2021 Version 3 Changed Service and Support section was updated.02-Dec-2019 Version 2 Changed Overview and Standard Features sections were updated.Q7G75C addition to be used with HPE ProLiant DL380 Gen10 02-Apr-2019 Version 1 New New QuickSpecsCopyrightMake the right purchase decision. Contact our presales specialists.ChatEmailCall© Copyright 2021 Hewlett Packard Enterprise Development LP. The information contained herein is subject to change without notice. The only warranties for Hewlett Packard Enterprise products and services are set forth in the express warranty statements accompanying such products and services. Nothing herein should be construed as constituting an additional warranty. Hewlett Packard Enterprise shall not be liable for technical or editorial errors or omissions contained herein.a00059759enw - 16363 - WorldWide - V3 - 15-November-2021Get updates。
VBA如何用
VBA如何用?一、宏在PowerPoint中，我们可以通过录制宏，来帮助我们自动完成一系列操作。
1、执行“工具→宏→录制新宏”命令，打开“录制新宏”对话框，输入一个名称，按下“确定”按钮进行录制。
2、根据你的需要，将要录制的过程操作一遍，然后按下“停止录制”按钮，退出录制状态。
3、执行“工具→宏→宏”命令，打开“宏”对话框，双击其中的宏，即可运行该宏。
现在我们就来具体演示并录制一个“宏”，首先按照上面的描述进入到录制状态，然后点击“插入”—“图片”—“来自文件”命令，然后选择一个图形文件，将这个文件插入到Powerpoint的文稿中，接着选择这个插入的图片，将当前这个图片移动到某个位置，如果觉得图片放置的位置不合适，我们可以多次调整这张图片的位置和大小，直到你认为这个图片达到最合适的位置和大小，最后当你点击“停止录制”按钮了。
之后点击键盘“ALT+F11”，就可以进入到VBE即VB编辑器中,双击左侧的模块名或“查看代码”工具打开代码窗口。
以下就是我录制的“宏”程序代码，在这里可以看到有很多无用的代码，这些代码是我在调整图片位置时记录下来的，因此我们可以删除这些不需要的代码，并直接将位移量及尺寸大小的数赋给相应的代码中，这样做可以大大提高该“宏”的运行速度。
ActiveWindow.Selection.SlideRange.Shapes.AddPicture(FileName:="E:\图片\001.jpg", LinkToFile:=msoFalse, SaveWithDocument:=msoTrue,Left:=-23,Top:=-17, Width:=768, Height:=576).SelectWith ActiveWindow.Selection.ShapeRange.IncrementLeft -166#.IncrementTop 83.88End WithWith ActiveWindow.Selection.ShapeRange.IncrementLeft 190#.IncrementTop 68#End WithEnd Sub为了防止宏病毒,Powerpoint提供了安全选项（该命令也是所有OFFICE组件的通用命令，如果在Powerpoint中修改了这里的设置，那么也会影响到其它OFFICE组件程序的“宏”设置。
生物专业英语
1、signal transduction: 信号转导；2、second messengers：第二信使；3. signal transduction pathway：信号转到通路；4. ion flux：粒子流；5. Cytoplasm：细胞质；6. hydrophobic nature：疏水性质；7. promoter region：启动子区域；8. steroid hormones：类固醇激素；9. thyroid hormone：甲状腺激素；10. retinoic acid：维甲酸；11. nucleoplasm：核质；12. lipophilic hormones：脂激素；13. testosterone：睾酮；14. progesterone：黄体酮；15. cortisol：皮质醇；16. passive diffusion：被动扩散；17. Hormone-Responsive Elements (HREs)：激素反应元件；18. integral transmembrane proteins: 整合跨膜蛋白；19. tyrosine kinase：酪氨酸激酶；20. serine/threoine protein kinases：丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶；21. Phosphatidylinositol：磷酸肌醇；22. Diacylglycerol (DAG)：二酰基甘油；23. Inositol-triphosphate (IP3)：三磷酸肌醇；24. arginine：精氨酸；25. citrulline：瓜氨酸；26. guanylate cyclase：鸟苷酸环化酶。
1.Cell communication : 细胞通讯；2. signal -transduction pathway：信号转导途径；3. growth factors：生长因子；4. paracrine signaling：旁分泌信号；5. neurotransmitter：神经递质；6. G-Protein-Linked Receptors: G-蛋白偶联受体；7. Tyrosine-Kinase Receptors：酪氨酸激酶受体；8. Ion-Channel Receptors：离子通道受体；9. Ligand-gated ion channels：配体门控离子通道；10. cytoskeleton：细胞骨架。
译林版高中英语选择性必修四Unit4 Grammar and usage 练习(雅礼版)
选必四Unit 4 Never too old to learn语法补充练习：Analysis of complicated sentences 复杂句分析Part I 2022年高考真题赏析1. (2022年全国甲卷语法填空)On the 1,100 kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, ______ lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three province.2. (2022年全国甲卷短文改错)The disagreement was too sharp that neither he nor I knew what to settle it. One day, he talked with me or hoped to mend our relations.3. (2022全国乙卷语法填空)The “First International Tea Day Tea Road Cooperative Initiative” issued (发布) at the ceremony calls for people working in the tea industry to come together to promote international cooperation _______ cultural exchanges.4. (2022年全国乙卷短文改错) Whether you ride a bicycle, you don’t use petrol. So you are not producing carbon dioxide and not causing air pollution. Just see how cars have taken over our cities. They often run at high speeds, what may put our lives in danger.5. (2022年新高考I卷语法填空)The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species ______ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.6. (2022新高考I卷语法填空)After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year. The GPNP is designed to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity (完整性)of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, ________ leaving behind precious natural assets (资产) for future generations”.7. (2022年新高考II卷语法填空) “He saved my son’s life,” said Mrs. Brown. “I don’t know ______ to thank him. ” “I just didn’t want the boy to be hurt,” said Henry.8. (2022新高考II卷语法填空)He hung on for a few minutes _______ screamed for his father, but his father didn’t hear him.9. (2022年浙江1月语法填空)Kim Cobb, a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, is one of a small but growing minority of academics __________ are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change.Part II 模拟题精选1. Like any natural force, gravity pull can work with us or not. The gravity pull of our habits maycurrently be keeping us from going _______ we want to go.2. He then handed Todd a large bag, inside _______ were clean shirts and shorts, plus a brand-new pair of New Balance sneakers. Todd was blown away. “I was very happy.” he told W ATN-TV. “Shocked, completely.”3. Why do squirrels spend their time in trees and chipmunks (花栗鼠) prefer the ground? The answer hasa lot to do with _______ chipmunks and squirrels spend their winters.4. President Xi makes it clear __________ the principal contradiction facing Chinese society in the new era is ________ between unbalanced and inadequ ate development and people’s ever-growing needs for a better life.5. In June, China’s last satellite of its Bei Dou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) was launched into orbit, marking the completion of the whole system. In ancient China, people used the Big Dipper, _______ is known in Chinese as “beidou qixing,” to navigate.6. A split could also prevent the future development of the app, ________ popularity has been fuelled by ByteDance’s algorithms (算法), honed (磨炼) in developing Douyin and Toutiao.7. Tik Tok’s woes (麻烦) offer others an opening. In India, ______ 200 million users lost access to it overnight, a local rival, Roposo, got 22 million sign-ups in 48 hours. In America, Facebook is about to launch Instagram “Reels”, a TikTok clone, ________YouTube will soon roll out “Shorts”.8. Thirdly, we must be able to read the language, and fourthly, we must be able to write it. We must be able to make sentences _______ are grammatically correct.9. The updated information on the Artemis mission renews NASA’s p romise ________ one of the astronauts will be a woman.10. Pleasure in one’s heart and a smile on his lips is a sign _______ the person has a pretty good grasp of life.11. Be sure to be with a strong awareness that you are ______ you eat!12. Though sci entists aren’t sure _______ is causing this change, the publishers of the study think that it’s connected to rainfall.13. For a business, there are all sorts of places _______ colour comes into play. You might immediately think of branding elements such as the logo and business cards.14. There are many idioms in English, quite a few of ________ come from the Bible.15. These are ________ she chose to take out. By the 1860s, she may have included scissors, a purse, anda magnifying glass.16. The system will be used in a hospital in Lanzhou, capital of Gansu, _______ is mainly devoted to treating cancer patients with the technology of heavy-ion (重离子) accelerators.17. The British doctor Benjamin Hobson, _______ came to China and published his book Treatise on Physiology in 1851, systematically planted the seed of western clinical medicine into the soil of the Chinese intellectual community, _________ posed a serious challenge to TCM.18. ________ everyone on your team is working different hours, you may be getting emails and messages at all hours of the day, night or weekend, ________ can create an always available, or “always-on” environment.19. In May 2009, the famous sports magazine, Sports Illustrated, wrote a cover story about a high school baseball pla yer named Bryce Harper, calling him “Baseball’s LeBron”. Bryce Harper was a sports talent ________ possessed gifts far greater than some in the majors.20. They made me learn to play the violin and then the piano. At that time I hated music, just _______ it was what they wanted me to do.21. Most people have to get to a point _________ they don’t have a choice ______ they will change something.22. Any offender shall be brought back and brought to justice even ______ he/ she may flee abroad.23. The man hid himself behind the door waiting so ________ no other people could see him negotiating with his manager about his promotion.24. ________ they are extremely talented, it can be really hard for models with just a few years’ experience to impress the big brands and win opportunities.25. Conventional wisdom has it _______ China will overtake North America next year in the size of the film market.26. ________ many of us today take the television for granted, it’s actually one of the greatest inventions of the 20th century.27. —How about travelling abroad this winter holiday, just for a change? —OK. _______ you want.28. According to The Sun, British scientists have solved the ancient riddle of ________ came first—chicken or egg?29. Persistent people begin their success ______ others end in failure.30. In 1776, two Spanish men were seeking a way to travel from Santa Fe, in ________ is now NewMexico, to California on the west coast of North America.31. It’s the gap year before going to university ________ students can make friends and work on meaningful projects _________ may help them understand college life better.32. It is so cold that you can’t go outside _________ fully covered in thick clothes.33. _________some people are motivated by a need for success, others are motivated by a fear of failure.34. Located ________ the Belt meets the Road, Jiangsu will contribute more to the Belt and Road construction.35. _______ you can sleep well, you will lose the ability to focus, plan and stay motivated after one or two nights.36. A problem has occurred ________ we should develop innovative thinking abilities in the classrooms by giving students opportunities to generate new ideas.37. China’s Silk Road Economic Belt, ________ accomplished, will qui cken the economic growth of the countries along the route.38. Sometimes it’s hard to accept the truth _______ the lie sounds so much better.39. The trouble with the global warming debate is that it has become a moral problem _______ it’s really an engineering one.40. Our health is _______ we make of it — give it attention and it improves; give it none and it weakens.参考答案Part I 2022年高考真题赏析1. who2. too →so; what→how; or →and3. and4. Whether → If 或Whether → When; what → which5. that6. and7. how8. and9. that/whoPart II 模拟题精选1. where/wherever2. which3. how4. that; that5. which6. whose7. where; and8. that/which9.that 10. that11.what 12. what 13. where 14. which 15. what16. which 17. who; and 18. If/ When/ Once; which 19. who/that 20. because21. where; before22. if/ though 23. that 24. Unless 25. that26. While/ Although/ Though 27. whatever 28. which 29. where 30. what31. when; that32. unless 33. While/ Although/ Though 34. where 35. Unless36.whether 37. once 38.because/ since 39. when 40. what。
多元启迪创业激情的英语作文
In the contemporary world,the spirit of entrepreneurship is a driving force that propels innovation and economic growth.It is a multifaceted concept that can be inspired by various elements,including cultural diversity,technological advancements,and societal needs.Here is an essay that explores how these elements can ignite the passion for entrepreneurship.Cultural Diversity as a Source of InspirationCultural diversity is a rich tapestry of ideas,values,and practices that can inspire entrepreneurs to create unique products and services.When individuals from different backgrounds come together,they bring a wealth of perspectives that can lead to innovative solutions.For instance,the fusion of culinary traditions from around the world has given rise to new food products that cater to diverse tastes and preferences. Entrepreneurs who are sensitive to cultural nuances can tap into this diversity to create businesses that resonate with a global audience.Technological Advancements as CatalystsThe rapid pace of technological advancements provides a fertile ground for entrepreneurial ventures.Innovations in fields such as artificial intelligence, biotechnology,and renewable energy offer vast opportunities for those who are willing to explore and adapt.Entrepreneurs can leverage these technologies to develop solutions that address pressing issues,such as climate change or healthcare challenges.Moreover, the internet and social media platforms have democratized access to information and markets,enabling entrepreneurs to reach a wider customer base with relatively low costs.Societal Needs as MotivatorsSocietal needs and challenges often serve as the impetus for entrepreneurial initiatives. Entrepreneurs who are attuned to the needs of their communities can develop businesses that not only generate profit but also contribute positively to society.For example,social entrepreneurs focus on creating sustainable solutions to social problems,such as poverty alleviation,education,and healthcare.By identifying gaps in the market and addressing them with innovative approaches,these entrepreneurs can make a significant impact on the world.The Role of Education and MentorshipEducation plays a crucial role in nurturing the entrepreneurial spirit.Institutions that offer courses in entrepreneurship,business management,and innovation can equip aspiringentrepreneurs with the skills and knowledge necessary to start and grow their businesses. Furthermore,mentorship from experienced entrepreneurs can provide invaluable guidance and support,helping newcomers navigate the complexities of starting a business.Government Policies and SupportGovernments can also play a significant role in fostering an environment conducive to entrepreneurship.Policies that encourage investment,provide tax incentives,and support research and development can help entrepreneurs bring their ideas to fruition. Additionally,governmentsponsored incubators and accelerators can offer resources and networking opportunities that are essential for the growth of startups.ConclusionThe passion for entrepreneurship is ignited by a combination of cultural diversity, technological innovation,societal needs,educational opportunities,and supportive government policies.By recognizing and leveraging these factors,individuals can embark on entrepreneurial journeys that are not only personally rewarding but also contribute to the betterment of society as a whole.The spirit of entrepreneurship is a testament to human ingenuity and the relentless pursuit of progress,and it is a force that will continue to shape the future of our world.。
DeskTop电子书制作教程
目前，大多数朋友制作电子连环画都使用品雅小居开发的Pview系列，Pview系列确实使用起来方便快捷，然DeskTop 也有其优越性，比如支持双翻、链接等等。
论坛里仍有一些朋友平时会用到DeskTop，但我看了他们用的版本不是一帆风乐园的修改版，就是箫心论坛的修改版，又或者是中文网的修改版，而且任务栏标题也没有改，都是DWB、CLK之类的。
本文就针对这些情况，指导大家如何去打造带有个人信息的版本。
一.DeskTop入门有些朋友可能没有使用过DeskTop，这也没有关系，想必子游的《翻页电子书入门与提高》很多朋友都看过吧，不熟悉DeskTop的朋友看看这本书也就够了。
另外，使用DeskTop打包太过繁琐，需要一页一页地添加，实在烦人，不过这个问题也有人解决了，品雅小居开发的“翻页连环画助手”很好地解决了这个繁琐的工作。
只是“翻页连环画助手”将翻页速度、开始状态、保存、打印等所有的功能都定死了，没有选择的余地。
如果有人想改的话，我在这里提供两个方案。
方案一，打开用DeskTop 打开由“翻页连环画助手”生成的dml文件，点击工作栏上的“书籍属性”按钮，就会弹出“书籍属性设置”对话框（见图1），在这个对话框里可以设置你想要的属性。
方案二，直接用记事本或者Word之类的软件打开生成的dml 文件，可以看到它是一个纯文本的脚本文件：第一段：<BOOKHEAD version="2.0.2" editor="DeskTopAuthor" editorversion="4.5.7"/> //版本信息第二段：<PAGEFORMAT pagenumber="18" papercolor="0FFFFFFh" ....... //电子书总页数第三段：<DIMENSION width="960" height="768"/> //电子书尺寸第四段：<PAGE number="1" withtransrgn="NO" .......//第一页开始第五段：<IMAGE bitmapid="00001.jpg" left="0" top="0" width="960" height="768" .......//第一页的图像位置尺寸第六段：<BITMAP id="00001.jpg" file="00001.jpg" width="10" height="10" quality="100"/>//图像内部标识和外部文件名第七段：</PAGE>//第一页结束第八段：<PAGE number="2" withtransrgn="NO" .......//第二页开始.....第十段：</PAGE>//第二页结束.....如果要修改属性的话，就改第二段中的相应属性吧。
12个字母英语词汇
发明相对论的英文名词解释
发明相对论的英文名词解释Einstein's Theory of Relativity: Unveiling the Secrets of the UniverseIntroductionThroughout history, groundbreaking scientific discoveries have revolutionized our understanding of the natural world. Few, however, can match the profound impact and enduring legacy of Albert Einstein's Theory of Relativity. This article aims to provide a comprehensive explanation and exploration of this groundbreaking theory, which forever changed the course of physics and our perception of space, time, and gravity.Understanding Relativity: A Paradigm Shift in PhysicsAlbert Einstein, a German-born theoretical physicist, introduced his Theory of Relativity in the early 20th century. It challenged and revolutionized the fundamental principles upon which classical physics was built. The theory consists of two pillars: the Special Theory of Relativity, formulated in 1905, and the General Theory of Relativity, established in 1915.Special Theory of Relativity: Spaceships, Time Dilation, and the Speed of LightThe Special Theory of Relativity is primarily concerned with objects moving at constant velocities in the absence of gravitational forces. Its foundation lies in two postulates: the principle of relativity and the constancy of the speed of light.The principle of relativity states that the laws of physics are the same for all observers in uniform motion. Consequently, motion becomes relative, and there is no absolute frame of reference. This principle contradicted the classical Newtonian mechanics that had dominated physics for centuries.Furthermore, the constancy of the speed of light is a fundamental tenet of Einstein's theory. According to this principle, the speed of light in a vacuum is always the same, regardless of the motion of the source or the observer. This assertion defied the common-sense notion that the speed of an object depends on the speed of the observer relative to the object.One of the most mind-boggling consequences of the Special Theory of Relativity is time dilation. As an object moves closer to the speed of light, time for that object slows down relative to a stationary observer. This phenomenon has been experimentally confirmed and is crucial for various practical applications, including space travel and particle accelerators.General Theory of Relativity: Gravity, Curved Spacetime, and the Fabric of the UniverseWhile the Special Theory of Relativity dealt with motion in the absence of gravity, the General Theory of Relativity expanded the framework to include gravity as a consequence of curved spacetime.According to Einstein's theory, mass and energy curve the fabric of spacetime, creating what we perceive as gravitational forces. This concept revolutionized our understanding of gravity, as opposed to the classical theory that described it simply as a force between objects.In the General Theory of Relativity, massive objects like stars and planets cause spacetime to curve, and other objects moving within this curved spacetime experience gravitational effects. This theory successfully explained various phenomena, such as the bending of light by massive objects and the precession of Mercury's orbit, which were previously inexplicable under classical physics.Implications and Applications of RelativityBeyond its profound impact on theoretical physics, the Theory of Relativity has had significant implications and practical applications in various fields.The development of GPS technology, for instance, heavily relies on both the Special and General Theories of Relativity. The precise coordination and synchronization of signals from satellites orbiting Earth require accurate timekeeping, which is affected bytime dilation due to the satellites' velocities and the gravitational fields they experience. Without taking these relativistic effects into account, GPS systems would rapidly become inaccurate.Furthermore, the confirmation of Einstein's theory during the 1919 solar eclipse, when Sir Arthur Eddington observed the apparent bending of starlight by the Sun's gravity, solidified the Theory of Relativity's status as a pillar of modern physics and gained worldwide attention. This monumental scientific discovery also captured the imagination of the public, propelling Einstein to international fame.ConclusionAlbert Einstein's Theory of Relativity stands as one of the most profound scientific achievements in human history. Its impact transcends the boundaries of physics, permeating various aspects of our lives. From our understanding of the fundamental workings of the cosmos to practical applications in technology, the Theory of Relativity has forever changed our perception of the universe. As we continue to probe the mysteries of the universe, the principles and implications of relativity remain at the forefront of scientific exploration.。
加速器物理课件第10章直线加速器
行波加速器
行波加速器运行在n=0的空间谐波情况下。一般 适宜加速短脉冲和速度接近于光速的粒子，比 如电子。 行波加速器---盘荷波导、螺旋波导等结构
盘荷波导：
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盘荷波导：
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螺旋波导
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驻波加速器
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在传播方向上z方向，两个临界波峰之间的距离λp比 实际的波长λ要长。这就意味着在Z的方向上波现象 以大于C的速度在传输。
在只有一个边界时，入射波 可以以任何方向入射均可传输
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两个导体壁的情况，就又多了一条限制，为了在每个边 界都满足条件，只有一个角度入射的波才能够传输。两 个壁之间的距离必须是半波长的整数倍此时波的纵向行 为为行波，横向行为为驻波。
其中A是常数，在半径为a的边界上，我们有：
Bessel 函数有许多根，每一个根对应一个TM波的模式，第一 个根为TM01，0指无方位上的变化，1指径向一个半波长。因 为 kr=2.405/a 所以为了满足边界条件kr是一个固定的数。
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色散关系曲线
相速
群速
在这个曲线上的任意一点同原点的连线的斜率给出了该点的相速 双曲线上所有的点都有 Vph>c，他们全在Vph=c的直线的上方。 d 双曲线上所有的点的斜率给出了该点的群速。 vg dk 在ω=ωc处，vg=0 色散曲线相对于原点是对称的，即波可以沿±z两个方向传播。
位置 n
p
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n 0,1,2,3,..
橡胶配方——精选推荐
橡胶配⽅从事橡胶技术⼯作时，⾸先会⾯对下述各问题：─—什么叫做橡胶配⽅？─—如何设计橡胶配⽅？─—成功的橡胶配⽅是什么？事实上，橡胶配⽅技术乃是⼀种选择和运⽤材料之科学和艺术。
⼀般之橡胶配⽅⽬的有三：⾸先是使橡胶制品具有实⽤之物性；其次是能配合现有加⼯设备进⾏良好之加⼯作业；最后是以可能之最低成本之配料达到符合客户所要求之物性⽔平。
换⾔之，设计橡胶配⽅最需考虑之三要素为配料之物性者、加⼯性和成本，并使三者获得⼀个适当之平衡点，此即配⽅设计都最主要之⼯作。
配⽅中常⽤之添加剂可摘要分类成⼗个主要成份：橡胶或弹性体（elastomers ）:橡胶配⽅设计第⼀个步骤也是最重要的步骤即为选择橡胶基材或原料胶。
橡胶为⼯程材料之⼀种，不论其组成为何，都带有⼀些共通之基本特性。
所有橡胶都带有弹性，可弯曲性、韧性、不易透⽔和透空⽓等性质。
除了这些共通特性外，每种橡胶因组成之不同，各⾃具有其本⾝之性质。
加硫剂（Vulcanizing agents ）:添加加硫剂之⽬的是使配料产⽣化学反应⽽在橡胶分⼦之间产⽣架桥（cross linking ）之现象⽽改变橡胶之物性。
化学架桥作⽤使橡胶配料由柔软、带粘性之热可塑体变成强韧之热固物，此时受温度之影响较少。
到⽬前为⽌，硫磺仍是最⼴泛使⽤之加硫剂。
其它载硫剂（sulfur donor ）如⼆硫化秋兰姆类之TMTD(TUEX) 有时亦⽤作全部或局部取代元素硫磺于低硫或⽆硫加硫系统之配⽅，使制品得以改善其耐热性。
配⽅设计者其第⼆个最重要之⼯作为对于配料加硫系统，加硫剂和促进剂之选择。
加硫促进剂（Accelerators ）:加硫促进剂可使配料硫化速率加快⽽缩短加硫时间。
活化剂（Activators ）和迟延剂(Retarders):活化剂是⽤来帮助促进剂增强其活性和效能，最常⽤之活化剂有锌氧粉、硬脂酸、氧化铅、氧化镁和胺类（H ）。
防⽼剂（Antidegradants ）:防⽼剂可延缓橡胶制品因受氧⽓、臭氧、热、⾦属催化作⽤和屈曲运动之影响⽽劣化。
加速器介绍
Introduction to Particle Accelerators國家同步輻射研究中心 周炳榮 Ping J. Chou pjchou@.twPHYS467500— 01Last update: 2007-10-22十年樹木，百年樹人Important Notes to Students: The sole purpose of this lecture notes is meant for classroom use only. Some photographs and graphic illustrations are adapted from various reference literatures, which are NOT to be distributed beyond the classroom use. Acknowledgement: The author is greatly in debt to Dr. Andrew Sessler of Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory for his generous help and offering of invaluable historic notes on the development of particle accelerators. Dr. Andrew Sessler’s book* on the historic review of the development of particle accelerators is HIGHLY recommended to those who is interested in the physics of particle accelerators and the human stories behind it. One can certainly find some inspiration from his book. * Andrew Sessler and Edmund Wilson, Engines of Discovery –- A Century of Particle Acceerators, (World Scientific, Singapore 2007)The years around 1930 can be marked as the starting point of the accelerator era. Lord Ernest Rutherford can be regarded as the first person to push the development of particle accelerators.Laureates Year Main contribution to the physics of particle accelerators---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------E.O. Lawrence 1939 the invention of cyclotron and the production of artificial radioactive elements J.D. Cockcroft & 1951 the invention of cascade accelerator and the first E.T.S. Walton disintegration of atomic nuclei by artificially accelerated particles E.M. McMillan 1951 the principle of phase stability (transuranium elements) (in chemistry, shared with G.T. Seaborg ) J. Schwinger ( 1965 the fundamental analysis of properties of synchrotron shared with S. radiation (work on quantum electrodynamics) Tomonaga, R.P. Feynman) L.W. Alvarez 1968 drift tube linear accelerator (development of hydrogen bubble chamber) C. Rubbia & 1984 the invention of stochastic cooling for antiprotons S. Van der Meer (discovery of W/Z particles)Mechanism of Particle Acceleration DC voltage acceleration (developed in 1930s) • Voltage multiplier cascade (Cascade accelerators, Cockcroft and Walton) • Electrostatic generator (Van de Graaff accelerators) Resonance acceleration (Gustaf Ising, Sweden, first proposed it in 1924) • Radio-frequency (RF) Linear accelerators (Rolf Wideröe, Norway, built the first linac using an RF accelerating field) • Radio-frequency quadrupole (RFQ) (first proposed by I.M. Kapchinski and V.A. Teplyakov in 1970) • Cyclic accelerators Cyclotron (first one built in 1931) Microtron (first proposed in 1944 by V. Veksler and J. Schwinger) Synchrocyclotron (first proposed in 1945 by E. McMillan and V. Veksler) synchrotron Magnetic induction acceleration • Betatron (invented & built in 1940 by Donald Kerst, but the concept was formulated by R. Wideröe in 1928) • Induction linac (invented by N.C. Christofilos in 1950s)PHYS467500— 01DC voltage acceleration: (DC electric field)+V-VBattery (DC power supply)Magnetic induction acceleration: (Faraday’s Law of Induction)r r ∂B ∇× E = − ∂t r r r r & ∫ E ⋅ d l = − ∫ B ⋅ dSResonance acceleration: (AC electric field)∆W = e∆V ∆V = V0 sin(ωrf t + φ )E z ( r , t ) = E0 J 0 ( Bθ (r , t ) =e.g. the oscillating electromagnetic fields in a pillbox cavity (Maxwell eqs. + boundary conditions)ωcr ) e j ωtE0 ω J 1 ( r ) e j ωt c cExample of resonance acceleration:A pillbox cavity (NSRRC Booster)Electrostatic Acceleratorusing DC electric field to accelerate charged particles, the gain in the kinetic energy is: K= qV Voltage gain ∆V≦ 10 kV Method 1) 10 kV 10 kV 10 kV 10 kV－ ＋－ ＋ － ＋ － ＋ Connecting several accelerating structures in succession each is charged by high voltage power supply (10 kV max.) Method 2)+ _Charging up several high voltage capacitors, each to the maximum voltage available, then we discharge those capacitors all in series Cockcroft-Walton accelerator, it can reach few MeVMethod 3)Van de Graaff accelerator, it can reach ~ 10 MeV, invented in 1930’s deposit charge on a moving belt (insulating material) driven by a motor. The belt carries the charge to a large sphere continuously. A very huge charge (high voltage) is built up on the sphere. The physical size and expense are the limitationCockcroft-Walton Voltage Multiplier (cascade accelerator)The 750 keV Cockcroft-Walton accelerator at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab), Batavia, USAThe original Cockcroft-Walton generator developed by J. Cockcroft and E. Walton at Cavendish Laboratory in Cambridge, U.K.Ernest T.S. WaltonErnest RutherfordJohn D. Cockcroft(founding father of nuclear physics)•The Cockcroft-Walton generator can convert AC or raise a low DC voltage to a much higher DC voltage level. It is used to provide higher DC electric fields for particle acceleration. •It is based on the principles of voltage multiplying circuit. A voltage multiplier can step up a relatively low voltage to an extremely high value. This technique is different from the transformer. It does not require the heavy core and use only capacitors and rectifiers (diodes). •The voltage potential achieved by the first Cockcroft-Walton voltage multiplier is 700 kV with a voltage variation within few percent. Positive ions of hydrogen with a beam current of the order of 10 µA being obtained (protons of 710 keV). •This is the first accelerator to demonstrate disintegration of atomic nuclei by artificially accelerated particles! They induced the nucear reaction: Li+ p 2HeFirst cycle K1General principle of voltage multiplying circuitX1 K2 E supply E K3 0 2E K2 E In the 1st cycle when X1 and X2 are connected to K2 and K3, capacitor X2 will be charged to voltage E supply E K3 Efloating connectionE X2Second cycle K1 X1 2E X2The voltage multiplier circuit was known and used at lower potentials around 1920.ÆM. Schenkel, Elektrotechnische, 40: 333 (1919)ÆH. Greinacher, Z. Phys.,4: 195 (1921)Cockcroft and Walton adapted the circuit and applied it to a much higher voltage potentials than in the previous applications. Their results are reported in aseries of papers:Proc. Roy. Soc. (London), A129: 477 (1930)Proc. Roy. Soc. (London), A136: 619 (1932)Proc. Roy. Soc. (London), A137: 229 (1932)Proc. Roy. Soc. (London), A144: 704 (1934)J.D. Cockcroft and E.T.S. Walton were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for 1951.The steady DC voltage potentials available with the voltage multiplier cascade and its reliability have made it very useful in low-energy nuclear physics, in theenergy range up to 1 MeV. For enclosed systems filled with high pressureinsulating gases, the voltage has been achieved up to 6 MV. It is alsofrequently chosen as the pre-accelerator (injector) for higher energy machines when high-intensity ion beam is desired.Diameter of the sphere: 15 ft. Diameter of the supporting column: 6 ft.The machine was used as a research accelerator at MIT operating at potentials up to 2.75 MV. It was moved to Boston Museum of Science eventually. The effect of pigeons’droppings on the sphere is very dramatic as shown by those sparks.The diagram from E.O. Lawrence’s 1934 patent, found from WikipediaErnest O. Lawrence in 1930The first cyclotron with a diameter of 5 inchesE.O. Lawrence’s idea of using voltages oscillating at radio frequency (RF) toaccelerate charged particles in a circular machine was triggered by Rolf Wideroe’spaper that he came across in the Berkeley University library in 1929.[Ref.]: Photography gallery of Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory,/photo/gallery/If the frequency of electric oscillator is adjusted to be the same as the cyclotron frequency, i.e. particles always cross the voltage gap at the right timing (resonance condition: continuous accelerationÄenergy gain)The 11-inch cyclotron built by Lawrence and his graduate students, David Sloan and M. Stanley Livingston at the Univ. of California, Berkeley during 1931. They obtained a proton beam of energy 1.22 MeV and a current of 1 nA with a maximum accelerating voltage of only 4 kV.•Phys. Rev., 40: 19 (1932), E.O. Lawrence and M.S. Livingston•Rev. Mod. Phys.,18, 293 (1946), M.S. Livingston; “Ion Sources for Cyclotrons”The principle of vertical focusing in a cyclotron (focusing action of electric field)＋V－VA H＋BBecause of the existence of the curvature of the field lines, most effective for particles at low energy, near the center of gap.PHYS467500— 01At higher beam energy, the increase of speed is getting smaller. Particles can not cross the voltage gap at the right timing. Eventually they are decelerated (not synchronized with the accelerating voltage), i.e. the resonance condition is lost. The maximum energy gain can be obtained from a cyclotron: heavy particles: E ~ 20 MeV (protons) electrons : E ~ few hundred eV, < 1 keV ! The energy limit of cyclotron is set by the effects of relativity Synchronism is lost when v c (why?) What is the limitation to build a cyclotron at higher energy for heavy ions? Is cyclotron a good option for accelerating electrons to higher energy? Why?Homework 1) The correct expression to be used when the relativistic effect is taken into account should be R=P/(qB), instead of Eq.(1.2), where P is the momentum. Derive this result. PHYS467500— 01Homework 2) Using the expression given in Homework 1, derive the circulating frequency of particles when the relativistic effect is taken into account.qB f = 1− v2 c2 2πm0(1.5)Homework 3) Using the relativistic expression of circulating frequency given in Eq.(1.5) of Homework 2, calculate the circulating frequency for electrons with kinetic energy 10 keV and 1 MeV respectively. Assuming a magnetic field B= 500 Gauss. Then, you repeat the calculation using the nonrelativistic expressions given by Eqs.(1.2) and (1.3), compare the circulating frequencies obtained with the nonrelativistic expressions and relativistic expressions. Homework 4) Repeat the calculation you have done in Homework 3, calculate the circulating frequency for protons with kinetic energy 1 MeV and 30 MeV respectively. Assuming a magnetic field B= 500 Gauss. Then, you repeat the calculation with nonrelativistic expressions given by Eqs.(1.2) and (1.3), compare the circulating frequency for both cases.The 184 inch cyclotron built at Univ. of California, Berkeley[Ref.]: Photography Gallery of Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, /photo/gallery/Electron Linac (disk loaded structure)[Ref.] High power microwave amplifier[Ref.] Beam Line, Vol.28 (1998), published by SLACStanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC)50 ¥ 50 GeV e-e+September 25, 2007 - Wolfgang Panofsky, Renowned Stanford Physicist and Arms Control Advocate, Dead at 88 •born in Berlin April 24, 1919 •graduated from Princenton University in 1938 •received his PhD. From California Institute of Technology in 1942 and served as consultant to the Manhattan Project, helping build the first atomic bomb during World War II. •The founding director of SLAC •member of the President’s Science Advisory Committee in the Eisenhower, Kennedy and Johnson administrations. •a fellow of the American Physical Society and served as its president in 1974. For more details, please refer to /pressreleases/2007/20070925.htmMagnetic induction accelerationBetatronBgBav• • •Donald Kerst and Robert Serber reinvented R. Wideröe’s beam transformer idea and renamed it as betatron. The success is due to their detailed orbit stability analysis and careful magnet design by D. Kerst. In the betatron, a time varying magnetic field produces an electric field that accelerates electrons. Although the betatron has a circular geometry similar to the cyclotron, it’s a pulsed machine and the particle orbit does not spiral out. It’s the first circular accelerator to operate at a constant orbit radiusPhys. Rev., 58: 841 (1940), D.W. Kerst Phys. Rev., 60: 47 (1941), D.W. Kerst Phys. Rev., 60: 53 (1941), D.W. Kerst and R. SerberPrimary coilSecondary coilAC Induced alternating currentChanging magnetic flux The principle of betatron is similar to the action taking place in an electric transformer. The coil of magnet in the betatron acts as the primary winding, the circulating electron beam acts as the secondary winding. the changing magnetic flux acceleration the increasing magnetic field particle guiding In contrast, cyclotrons can be operated continuously ! Betatron operation must be recycled Pulsed operation[Ref.] /history/Timeline/1940s.html[Ref.] /engineering/ind_module_summary.htmlThe Flash X-Ray Facility (FXR),a linear-induction electron beamaccelerator built in 1982, atLawrence Livermore NationalLaboratory, California, USA. Itis used to study the detonationprocess (implosion) of nuclearweapons.[Ref.] /str/April02/April50th.htmlNichola C. Christofilos, theinventor of the inductionlinac (1950s) and theprinciple of strong focusing.[Ref.] http://www.mlahanas.de/Greeks/new/Christofilos.htm國家同步輻射研究中心增能環（新竹科學園區）Synchrotron (higher energy electron)when e-travels at 0.98c Äthe beam energy is only at 2 MeV e-travels at a constant speed above few MeV The operation principles of e-synchrotron combine:•cyclotron method of acceleration•Strength of magnetic guiding field increases as the e-energy increasesThe alternating voltages at the gaps can be kept at constant frequency (f RF = const.)Synchrotron must also be pulsed.•Phys. Rev., 70: 249 (1946), D. Bohm and L. Foldy同步輻射加速器基本構造示意圖The synchrotron radiation emitted by electrons orbiting in the magnetic field was first observed in a 70 MeV electron synchrotron at General Electric Company Research Laboratory in 1947.•J. Appl. Phys.,18: 810 (1947), F.R. Elder, A.M. Gurewitsch, R.V. Langmuir, and H.C. PollockThe 300 MeV electron synchrotron built at General Electric Co. in 1940s.The photograph shows the synchrotron radiation emitted from theaccelerator.PHYS467500—01•Fixed-target machine:¨test particle m B is at rest in the lab frame, E AB E c m E 2*2≅•Colliding-beam machine:SLAC Beam Line , Spring 1997Livingston Plot★Terminated in 1993 SSC: 20 TeVLivingston Plot for Colliders in the Constituent Frame 7 TeV (p-p collider)Replaced by International Linear Collider (ILC)The energy of hardon colliders here has been derated by factors of 6-10. Why?PHYS467500— 01[Ref.]: SLAC Beam Line, Spring 1997Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab), Chicago, U.S.A.Tevatron (1 TeV)Main Injector[Ref.] Visual Media Services, Fermilab /pub/presspass/vismedia/RecyclerMain RingTevatronMain InjectorMain Control RoomLarge Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN, Geneva, Switzerland (will start up in May 2008)[Ref.] http://www.cern.ch Operating temperature 1.9 KSuperconducting coils cooled down to 1.9 °K, dipole field B= 8 TStanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC), Menlo Park, California, U.S.A.[Ref.] Klystron galleryLinac tunnel[Ref.] /exp/e158/pictures/ASSET/tunnel_.jpgSLAC Linear Collider[Ref.] /sldwww/slc/SLAC_AERIAL.GIFForth Generation Light Source ( X-ray FEL ) FEL: free electron laser/lcls/Electron bunch length: 0.023 mm, 15 GeV electron beam X-ray wavelength: 0.15 – 1.5 nm X-ray pulse duration: 100 femtosecond – 100 attosecond。
混凝土材料英文名称
AAbramsAbrams cone—Abrams圆筒(坍落度筒)Abrams law—Abrams定则Admixture—外加剂→化学外加剂Aggregate—骨料Absorption of water—吸水率Alkali-carbonate reaction—碱-碳酸盐反应Chloride—氯化物Clay—黏土combination of—结合criteria of acceptance—接受准则frost resistance—抗冻性grading—级配Los Angeles test—洛杉矶实验Maximum size and water requirement—最大粒径和需水量Mechanical properties—力学性能Moisture—含水率organic substance—有机杂质porosity—孔隙率sieve analysis—筛分分析S.S.D.—饱和面干sulphate—硫酸盐water requirement—需水量Aggressive CO2—侵蚀介质CO2Alite—xx特Ammonium salts—铵盐Amorphous silica—无定形二氧化硅ASR Alkali-silica-reaction in aggregate—骨料中的碱-硅反应: BBelite—贝利特Blast furnace cement—矿渣水泥Bleeding—泌水concrete in floor—地板混凝土grout—水泥浆influence of steel bond—钢筋粘结的影响influence of transition zone—过渡区的影响mortar—砂浆BolomeyCCapillary porosity—毛细管孔隙率Capillary pressure—毛细管压力Carbonation—碳化Characteristic strength—特征强度Chemical admixtures一化学外加剂Air entraining agents(AEA)—引气剂use in shotcrete—在喷射混凝土中的应用ASR inhibitor—碱-硅反应抑制剂Corrosion inhibitors—防腐剂Classification—分类Hardening accelerators—促硬剂Hydrophobic admixtures—防水剂High-range water reducers superplasticizers—高效减水剂(超塑化剂) Retarders—缓凝剂Setting accelerators—促凝剂Use in shotcrete—用于喷射混凝土中Silanes—硅烷Shrinkage-reducing admixtures—减缩剂SRA→Shrinkage-reducing admixturesSuperplasticizers—高效减水剂（超塑化剂）Mechanism of action of—作用机理Slump loss/retention—坍落度损失/保持Multifunctional—多功能的Use in shotcrete—用于喷射混凝土中Use to increase strength/durability—用于提高强度/耐久性Use to reduce cement—用于减少水泥Use to increase workability—用于提高工作性Viscosity modifying agents—黏度调节剂VMA→Viscosity modifying agentsWater-reducers—减水剂Cement—水泥Norms—标准Set regulator—调凝剂Setting—凝结Strength—强度Chloride—氯化物Diffusion—扩散Compactability—密实性Compacting factor—密实系数Composite cement—复合水泥Composite Portland cement—复合硅酸盐水泥Concrete—混凝土DDamage→deterioration—损伤→劣化DEF—延迟钙矾石形成Degree of compaction—密实度In shotcrete—喷射混凝土Degree of consolidation—密实度Degree of hydration—水化程度Depassivation—去钝化Deterioration—劣化Drying shrinkage→shrinkage—干缩→收缩DSP一致密小颗粒混凝土Durability—耐久性Capillary porosity—毛细管孔隙率Concrete cover—混凝土保护层Exposure classes—暴露等级Long term durability—长期耐久性Deterioration—劣化Manufacture—生产Placing—浇筑Prestressed—预应力Reinforced—增强Corrosion of reinforcement—钢筋的腐蚀Promoted by carbonation—碳化引起Promoted by chloride—氯化物引起Cracking—开裂Creep—徐变Basic—基本Drying—干燥Influence of creep on drying shrinkage—徐变对干缩的影响Prediction of creep in concrete structures—混凝土结构的徐变预测Cored concrete—混凝土芯样Curing—养护Influence of curing on durability—养护对耐久性的影响Influence of curing on concrete strength—养护对混凝土强度的影响Membrane—薄膜Wet curing—湿养C3A—铝酸三钙C4AF—铁铝酸四钙C3S—硅酸三钙C2S—硅酸二钙C-S-H—水化硅酸钙EEntrained air一引气Influence on freezing—对抗冻性的影响Influence on strength—对强度的影响Entrapped air—夹杂气体Ettringite—钙矾石Primary—一次Secondary—二次Expansive agents→Shrinkage compensating concrete—膨胀剂→收缩补偿混凝土FFibre-inforced concrete ( FRC )—纤维增强混凝土Application of FRC一纤维增强混凝土的应用Crack-free concrete一无裂缝混凝土Toughness of concrete—混凝土的韧性Impact strength—冲击强度In shotcrete—喷射混凝土Metallic fibre—金属纤维Polymer mini-fibre—聚合物微纤维Polymer macro-fibre—聚合物大纤维Polymer structure PVA fibres—聚合物结构聚乙烯醇纤维Fictitious thickness一虚拟厚度Fire endurance of concrete一混凝土的耐火性Behavior of concrete during fire一混凝土在火中的行为Behavior of high-strength concrete during fire—高强混凝土在火中的行为Influence of the aggregate—骨料的影响Influence of the concrete cover—混凝土保护层的影响Influence of the metallic fibres一金属纤维的影响Influence of the loading in service一服役荷载的影响Influence of the polymeric fibres—聚合物纤维的影响Fly ash—粉煤灰Beneficiation—选矿Freezing and thawing一冻融FüllerFüller&Thompson→FüllerGGGBFS→slag—磨细粒化高炉矿渣→矿渣Gluconate—葡萄糖酸盐Glucose—葡萄糖Grout—浆体Gypsum—石膏HHeat—热Cracking due to thermal gradients—温度梯度诱发开裂Of hydration—水化热Hydration—水化Of aluminates—铝酸盐的水化Of silicates—硅酸盐的水化High-Performance Concrete—高性能混凝土High Strength Concrete—高强混凝土Hooke law—Hooke定律KKiln一烧窑LLeaching—析浆Lightweight concrete—轻混凝土Glassification—分类Expanded clay—陶粒Lightweight aggregate—轻骨料In the Rome Pantheon—罗马万神殿Natural lightweight aggregate(pumice)—天然轻骨料(浮石) Shrinkage—收缩Structural—结构的Precast L. C—预制轻混凝土SCC L. C—自密实轻混凝土Structural L. C for ready-mixed concrete—预拌结构轻混凝土Lignosulphonate—木素磺酸盐Lime—石灰Limestone—石灰石Blended cement一混合水泥Lyse rule—Lyse准则MMagnesium salts—镁盐Mass concrete—大体积混凝土Mix design—配合比设计Modulus—模数Of elasticity—弹性模量Of fineness一细度模数Mill一磨机Municipal Solid Waste Incinerator一市政固体废物焚烧炉PPassivation—钝化Permeability—渗透性Pop-out一凸起Porosity—孔隙率Capillary—毛细管孔隙Capillary porosity and strength—毛细管孔隙率与强度Capillary porosity and elastic modulus—毛细管孔隙率与弹性模量Capillary porosity and permeability—毛细管孔隙率与渗透性Capillary porosity and durability—毛细管孔隙率与耐久性Gel—凝胶Macroporosity—大孔孔隙率Portland cement—硅酸盐水泥Blended cements一混合水泥European norm—欧洲标准Ferric一铁相Manufacture—生产White—白色Powers—能源Pozzolan一火山灰Activity—活性Industrial—工业的Pozzolanic cement一火山灰水泥Precast concrete—预制混凝土Steam curing—蒸养Prescriptions on concrete structures—混凝土结构的质量要求Concrete composition prescriptions—混凝土组成的质量要求Concrete performance prescriptions—混凝土性能的质量要求Contractor prescriptions一对承包商的要求RReactive Powder Concrete一活性粉末混凝土Recycled concrete一再生混凝土Process of manufacturing recycled aggregate (RA)一再生骨料的加工工艺Properties of RA一再生骨料的性能Contaminant products—污染物Density of RA一再生骨料的密度Water absorption—吸水率Properties of concrete with RA—含有再生骨料混凝土的性能Relaxation—松弛Retempering—重拌合SSegregation—离析SCC→Self-Compacting Concrete—自密实混凝土Self-Compacting Concrete—自密实混凝土Architectural一装饰High strength—高强Mass concrete—大体积混凝土Lightweight concrete—轻混凝土Shrinkage-compensating—收缩补偿Setting—凝结Shrinkage—收缩Drying shrinkage—干缩Influence of aggregate on drying shrinkage一骨料对干缩的影响Influence of high range water reducers on drying shrinkage—高效减水剂对干缩的影响Influence of workability on drying shrinkage一工作性对干缩的影响Prediction of drying shrinkage in concrete structures—混凝土结构干缩的预测Plastic shrinkage—塑性收缩Standard shrinkage—标准收缩Shrinkage-compensating concrete—收缩补偿混凝土Expansive agents—膨胀剂Combined use of SRA and expansive agents—减缩剂和膨胀剂的结合应用Lime-based expansive agents—石灰基膨胀剂Sulphoaluminate-based expansive agents—硫铝酸盐基膨胀剂Application of shrinkage compensating concrete—补偿收缩混凝土的应用Joint-free architectural buildings—无缝装饰建筑Joint-free industrial floor一无缝工业地板Repair of damaged concrete structures—损坏混凝土结构的修补Expansion of specimen vs. that of structure—试件的膨胀与结构的膨胀Restrained expansion—约束膨胀SCC shrinkage-compensating concrete—自密实收缩补偿混凝土Shotcrete—喷射混凝土ACI recommendations—ACI建议Bond of shotcrete. to substrate—喷射混凝土与基层的粘结Chemical admixtures in—喷射混凝土的化学外加剂Alkali-free accelerators—无碱促进剂Sodium silicate accelerators—硅酸钠促进剂Composition of一喷射混凝土组成Fibres in—喷射混凝土的纤维High performance—高性能喷射混凝土TTemperature—温度Influence of temperature on concrete strength—温度对强度的影响Influence of temperature on site organization—温度对现场浇筑的影响Influence of steel bars on—配筋的影响Mineral additions in—矿物掺合料Nozzelman喷枪操作工Rebound—回弹Sieve analysis—筛分Silica fume—硅灰Silica fume in high strength concrete—高强混凝土中的硅灰Slag—矿渣Cement—矿渣水泥Slump—坍落度Slump loss—坍落度损失SRA→Shrinkage Reducing Admixture in Chemical Admixtures-一化学外加剂中的减缩剂Standard deviation一标准差Steam curing—蒸养Steel-concrete bond—钢筋-混凝土的粘结Strength—强度Characteristic一特征强度Class of cement—水泥的强度等级Class of concrete一混凝土的强度等级Compressive—抗压强度DSP concrete—细颗粒密实混凝土Flexural—抗折强度High-strength concrete—高强混凝土Influence of compaction on一密实性对强度的影响Influence of cement on concrete一水泥对混凝土强度的影响Influence of temperature on concrete—温度对混凝土强度的影响Influence of transition zone on—过渡区对强度的影响Of cement paste—水泥浆的强度Of cored samples一芯样的强度Of specimens—试件的强度Standard deviation—标准差Tensile—抗拉强度Stress—应力Compressive—压应力Flexural—弯曲应力Tensile一拉应力Sulphate attack—硫酸盐侵蚀Sup erplsticizer→Chemical. admixtures—超塑化剂(高效减水剂)→化学外加剂Placing in summer time一夏季浇筑Placing in winter time一冬季浇筑Thaumasite—硅灰石膏Thermal gradients—温度梯度Transition zone—过渡区VVebe—维勃Vibration—振动WWater—水And workability—水与工作性And strength.一水与强度Addition on job site一水的现场添加Water-cement ratio—水灰比Workability—工作性And consolidation—工作性与密实性《A Novel Cable-Enhanced,Wire-MeshReinforcement for Structural Concrete to Improve Its Properties》。
中国创新英语作文四分钟
中国创新英语作文四分钟China's Innovation: A Transformative JourneyChina's rapid economic growth over the past few decades has been nothing short of remarkable. From a largely agrarian-based economy to a global powerhouse, the country has undergone a remarkable transformation, driven by a relentless pursuit of innovation. This essay aims to explore the multifaceted aspects of China's innovation landscape, highlighting its key drivers, the challenges it faces, and its potential impact on the global stage.At the heart of China's innovation story lies a deep-rooted commitment to technological advancement. The government has prioritized investment in research and development (R&D), recognizing the vital role it plays in fostering a culture of innovation. In 2021, China's R&D spending reached a staggering $378 billion, surpassing the United States and cementing its position as a global leader in this domain. This commitment has translated into the emergence of cutting-edge technologies, from artificial intelligence and renewable energy to biotechnology and advanced manufacturing.One of the key drivers of China's innovation ecosystem is the country's vast pool of human capital. With a population of over 1.4 billion, China boasts a deep reservoir of talented individuals, many of whom are highly educated and skilled in various fields. The government's emphasis on STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) education has produced a generation of engineers, scientists, and technologists who are at the forefront of innovation. This talent pool has been further bolstered by the country's efforts to attract and retain top global talent, offering attractive incentives and creating an environment conducive to research and development.Closely linked to the human capital factor is the rise of entrepreneurship in China. The country has witnessed a remarkable surge in the number of startups, many of which are driving innovation in various sectors. From e-commerce and fintech to renewable energy and healthcare, Chinese entrepreneurs have demonstrated a remarkable ability to identify and capitalize on emerging market opportunities. This entrepreneurial spirit has been further fueled by the government's support, including the establishment of incubators, accelerators, and venture capital funds that provide the necessary resources and funding for these innovative ventures to thrive.Another critical aspect of China's innovation landscape is the country's robust intellectual property (IP) protection framework. Inrecent years, China has made significant strides in strengthening its IP laws and enforcement mechanisms, recognizing the importance of safeguarding the fruits of innovation. This has not only encouraged domestic innovators to continue pushing the boundaries of technological advancement but has also attracted global companies to establish research and development centers within the country, further bolstering the overall innovation ecosystem.However, China's innovation journey is not without its challenges. The country's vast size and regional disparities have resulted in uneven distribution of innovation activities, with certain hubs like Beijing, Shanghai, and Shenzhen emerging as the dominant players. Addressing this imbalance and ensuring that innovation benefits all regions of the country remains a key priority for the government.Additionally, the global geopolitical landscape has introduced new complexities, with increasing tensions and trade disputes posing potential barriers to the free flow of knowledge and technology. China's efforts to become self-reliant in critical technologies, while understandable, have raised concerns about the potential for technological decoupling and the disruption of global supply chains.Despite these challenges, China's innovation journey holds immense promise. As the country continues to invest in R&D, foster entrepreneurship, and strengthen its intellectual property protection,it is poised to make significant contributions to the global innovation landscape. The emergence of Chinese tech giants, such as Alibaba, Tencent, and Huawei, has demonstrated the country's ability to create world-class innovative products and services that can compete on a global scale.Moreover, China's focus on sustainability and green technology has the potential to reshape the global energy landscape. The country's massive investments in renewable energy sources, electric vehicles, and energy-efficient technologies have positioned it as a leader in the fight against climate change, with the potential to drive the global transition towards a more sustainable future.In conclusion, China's innovation journey is a testament to the country's unwavering determination to transform itself into a global leader in technology and innovation. From its commitment to R&D and human capital development to the fostering of entrepreneurship and the strengthening of intellectual property protection, China has demonstrated its ability to harness the power of innovation to drive economic growth and societal progress. As the country continues to navigate the challenges and complexities of the global landscape, its innovation capabilities will undoubtedly play a crucial role in shaping the future of the world.。
粒子加速器制作方法
粒子加速器制作方法Particle accelerators are powerful tools used by scientists to study the fundamental building blocks of matter. They work by speeding up charged particles to very high energies using electric and magnetic fields. These accelerated particles can then be used in a variety of experiments to explore the nature of particles and forces.粒子加速器是科学家用来研究物质基本构成的强大工具。
它们通过利用电场和磁场来加速带电粒子到非常高的能量。
然后这些加速的粒子可以用在各种实验中来探索粒子和力的性质。
There are many different types of particle accelerators, each with its own unique design and purpose. Some accelerators, like the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN, are massive, underground machines that collide particles at incredibly high energies to recreate conditions that existed just after the Big Bang. Other accelerators are smaller and used for more focused experiments, such as medical treatments or material science research.有许多不同种类的粒子加速器，每种都有独特的设计和目的。
英特尔内存分析加速器用户指南说明书
I NTEL®I N-M EMORY A NALYTICS A CCELERATOR (I NTEL®IAA) U SER G UIDEDocument ID: 354834June 2023Notices & DisclaimersIntel technologies may require enabled hardware, software, or service activation.No product or component can be absolutely secure.Your costs and results may vary.You may not use or facilitate the use of this document in connection with any infringement or other legal analysis concerning Intel products described herein. You agree to grant Intel a non-exclusive, royalty-free license to any patent claims thereafter drafted which includes subject matter disclosed herein.All product plans and roadmaps are subject to change without notice.The products described may contain design defects or errors known as errata, which may cause the product to deviate from published specifications. Current characterized errata are available on request.Intel disclaims all express and implied warranties, including without limitation, the implied warranties of merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, and non-infringement, as well as any warranty arising from course of performance, course of dealing, or usage in trade.Code names are used by Intel to identify products, technologies, or services that are in development and not publicly available. These are not “commercial” names and not intended to function as trademarks.No license (express or implied, by estoppel or otherwise) to any intellectual property rights is granted by this document, with the sole exception that a) you may publish an unmodified copy, and b) code included in this document is licensed subject to the Zero-Clause BSD open source license (0BSD),https:///licenses/0BSD. You may create software implementations, based on this document and in compliance with the foregoing, that are intended to execute on one or more Intel products referenced in this document. No rights are granted to create modifications or derivatives of this document.© Intel Corporation. Intel, the Intel logo, and other Intel marks are trademarks of Intel Corporation or its subsidiaries. Other names and brands may be claimed as the property of others.REVISION HISTORYDate Revision DescriptionJune 2023 Initial Release The initial release of the document.GLOSSARYAcronym Term DescriptionAECS Analytics EngineConfiguration and State A data structure.•Passes configuration data that did not fit into the descriptor to the accelerator.•Passes state information between descriptor executions when a job consists of multiple descriptors.DSA Intel® Data StreamingAcceleratorAn accelerator designed by Intel to accelerate streaming operationslike memory copy.QPL Intel® Query ProcessingLibrary An Intel library to interface between applications and the hardware.CONTENTS1.Configuring Accelerators (4)1.1Introduction (4)1.2Prerequisites (4)2.BIOS Setup for Enabling the Accelerators (5)2.1Entering the BIOS Setup (5)3.Accel-Config Utility (9)3.1Configure the Intel® In-Memory Analytics Accelerator Device (9)3.2Operation Offloading to IAA Devices: Intel® Query Processing Library (Intel® QPL) (15)4.Additional Resources (16)1.CONFIGURING ACCELERATORS1.1IntroductionIntel® Fourth Generation Xeon® scalable processors have multiple accelerators, including:•Intel® Data Streaming Accelerator (Intel® DSA): for data movement.•Intel® Dynamic Load balancer (Intel® DLB): for load balancing.•Intel® In-Memory Analytics Accelerator (Intel® IAA): for compression/decompression and encryption/decryption.This document provides instructions for configuring the Intel® In-Memory Analytics Accelerator (Intel® IAA), which offloads compression/decompression operations from the CPU.1.2Prerequisites•Specific models of Intel® Fourth Generation Xeon® scalable processor or later, which include Intel® IAA. •Linux Kernel with ENQCMD support enabled. For example, Linux Kernel 5.18 or later.•Instructions are for CentOS Stream8 and Ubuntu Operating Systems.2.BIOS SETUP FOR ENABLING THE ACCELERATORS2.1 Entering the BIOS SetupTo enter the BIOS Setup using a keyboard (or emulated keyboard), press the F2 key during boot time when the OEM or Intel Logo Screen or the POST Diagnostic Screen is displayed.1.Once in the BIOS menu, click EDKII Menu.Figure 2-1: EDKII Menu within the BIOS menu.Figure 2-2: Select Socket Configuration 3.Select IIO Configuration.Figure 2-3: Select IIO ConfigurationFigure 2-4: Select IOAT Configuration 5.Select Socket 0 (Sck0) IOAT Config.Figure 2-5: Select Socket 0 (Sck0) IOAT Config6.Select <Enable> for IAX.Figure 2-6: Select <Enable> for IAX on the (Sck0) IOAT Config Screen3.ACCEL-CONFIG UTILITYThe Intel® Fourth Generation Xeon® Scalable processor accelerator devices are configured using a user-space utility called accel-config. This utility is available for installation via the accel-config-GitHub(https:///intel/idxd-config)3.1Configure the Intel® In-Memory Analytics Accelerator Device1.Enable Intel® IAA as in the BIOS Setup for Enabling the Accelerators. In addition to that, configure thefollowing parameters.•EDKII Menu -> Socket Configuration -> Processor Configuration -> VMX: Enable•EDKII Menu -> Socket Configuration -> IIO Configuration -> Intel VT for Directed I/O (VT-d) -> Intel VT for Directed I/O: Enable•EDKII Menu -> Socket Configuration -> IIO Configuration -> Interrupt Remapping: Enable•EDKII Menu -> Socket Configuration -> IIO Configuration -> Opt-Out Illegal MSI Mitigation: Enable o Note: Opt-Out Illegal MSI Mitigation enablement depends on processor stepping and required for steppings older than E5.2.Enable IOMMU in the kernel. For example,$vim /etc/default/grub# Add intel_iommu=on,sm_on for the default kernel parameters# For example, GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT=” intel_iommu=on,sm_on”# save and exit from vim# For CentOS$grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg$grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/efi/EFI/centos/grub.cfg# For Ubuntu$update-grub$reboot3.Download and install accel-config using Accel-config Utility instructions as in accel-config-GitHub(https:///intel/idxd-config)To configure the Intel IAA device1.Disable all accelerator devices first.2.Configure each engine and group, then assign them a group_id.3.Configure one or more work queues (depending on device mapping).4.Enable one or more accelerator devices and engine.The following script summarizes the steps and provides an example. In this example, all available Intel IAA devices are configured as a separate work queue, and all engines in each device are configured by default. Devices can be configured in the “shared” or “dedicated” depending on the scheduling mode.Please copy the following section of the code and create an executable file to run it.#!/usr/bin/env bash# Script configure IAA devices# Usage : ./configure_iaa_user <mode> <start,end> <wq_size># mode: 0 - shared, 1 - dedicated# devices: 0 - all devices or start and end device number.# For example, 1, 7 will configure all the Socket0 devices in host or 0, 3 will configure all the Socket0 devices in guest# 9, 15 will configure all the Socket1 devices and son on# 1 will configure only device 1# wq_size: 1-128## select iax config#dir="$( cd "$( dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}" )" && pwd )"#echo ${dir}## count iax instances#iax_dev_id="0cfe"num_iax=$(lspci -d:${iax_dev_id} | wc -l)echo "Found ${num_iax} IAX instances"dedicated=${1:-0}; shiftdevice_num=${1:-$num_iax}; shiftwq_size=${1:-128}; shiftif [ ${dedicated} -eq 0 ]; thenmode="shared"elsemode="dedicated"fi#set first,step counters to correctly enumerate iaa devicesfirst=1 && step=2## disable iax wqs and devices#echo "Disable IAX"for ((i = ${first}; i < ${step} * ${num_iax}; i += ${step})); do echo disable wq iax${i}/wq${i}.0 >& /dev/nullaccel-config disable-wq iax${i}/wq${i}.0 >& /dev/nullecho disable iax iax${i} >& /dev/nullaccel-config disable-device iax${i} >& /dev/nulldoneecho "Configuring devices: ${device_num}"if [ ${device_num} == $num_iax ]; thenecho "Configuring all devices"start=${first}end=$(( ${step} * ${num_iax} ))elseecho "Configuring devices ${device_num}"declare -a array=($(echo ${device_num}| tr "," " "))start=${array[0]}if [ ${array[1]} ];thenend=$((${array[1]} + 1 ))elseend=$((${array[0]} + 1 ))fifi## enable all iax devices and wqs#echo "Enable IAX ${start} to ${end}"for ((i = ${start}; i < ${end}; i += ${step})); do# Config Engines and groupsaccel-config config-engine iax${i}/engine${i}.0 --group-id=0 accel-config config-engine iax${i}/engine${i}.1 --group-id=0 accel-config config-engine iax${i}/engine${i}.2 --group-id=0accel-config config-engine iax${i}/engine${i}.3 --group-id=0accel-config config-engine iax${i}/engine${i}.4 --group-id=0accel-config config-engine iax${i}/engine${i}.5 --group-id=0accel-config config-engine iax${i}/engine${i}.6 --group-id=0accel-config config-engine iax${i}/engine${i}.7 --group-id=0# Config WQ: group 0, size = 128, priority=10, mode=shared, type = user, name=iax_crypto, threashold=128, block_on_fault=1, driver_name=useraccel-config config-wq iax${i}/wq${i}.0 -g 0 -s $wq_size -p 10 -m ${mode} -y user -n user${i} -t $wq_size -b 1 -d userecho enable device iax${i}accel-config enable-device iax${i}echo enable wq iax${i}/wq${i}.0accel-config enable-wq iax${i}/wq${i}.0doneVerify if the devices are configured correctly using the accel-config list.For the sake of simplicity, the expected results from a single Intel IAA device are shown. The display for the remaining Intel IAA devices will be the same since they all are configured as in the preceding script. Intel IAA devices are counted as odd numbers, while Intel® Data Streaming Accelerator (Intel® DSA) devices are counted as even numbers.{{"dev":"iax1","max_groups":4,"max_work_queues":8,"max_engines":8,"work_queue_size":128,"numa_node":0,"op_cap":["0xd","0x7f331c","0","0"],"gen_cap":"0x71f10901f0105","version":"0x100","state":"enabled","max_batch_size":1,"max_transfer_size":2147483648,"configurable":1,"pasid_enabled":1,"cdev_major":237,"clients":1,"groups":[{"dev":"group1.0","traffic_class_a":1,"traffic_class_b":1,"grouped_workqueues":[{"dev":"wq1.0","mode":"shared","size":128,"group_id":0,"priority":10,"block_on_fault":0,"max_batch_size":32,"max_transfer_size":2097152, "type":"kernel","name":"iaa_crypto","driver_name":"crypto","threshold":10,"ats_disable":0,"state":"enabled","clients":1}],"grouped_engines":[{"dev":"engine1.0","group_id":0},{"dev":"engine1.1", "group_id":0},{"dev":"engine1.2", "group_id":0},{"dev":"engine1.3", "group_id":0},{"dev":"engine1.4", "group_id":0},{"dev":"engine1.5", "group_id":0},{"dev":"engine1.6", "group_id":0},{"dev":"engine1.7", "group_id":0}]},{"dev":"group1.1","traffic_class_a":1, "traffic_class_b":1 },{"dev":"group1.2","traffic_class_a":1,"traffic_class_b":1},{"dev":"group1.3","traffic_class_a":1,"traffic_class_b":1}]},{ …. Next device … and son on}}3.2Operation Offloading to IAA Devices: Intel® Query Processing Library (Intel® QPL)The Intel® Query Processing Library (Intel® QPL) can improve the performance of databases, enterprise data, communications, and scientific/technical applications. Intel QPL provides interfaces for several commonly used algorithms. This library enables your application to tune automatically with generations of processors without unnecessary changes to the application. The Intel QPL provides high-performance implementations of data processing functions for an existing hardware accelerator and/or software path if no hardware accelerator is available. Code written with the library automatically takes advantage of available modern CPU capabilities. This can provide tremendous development and maintenance savings. The goal of the Intel QPL is to provide an application programming interface (API) with the following:• C and C++-compatible interfaces and data structures to enhance usability and portability.•Faster time to market.•Scalability with Intel® In-Memory Analytics Accelerator (Intel® IAA) hardware.More details on Intel QPL use are available in the QPL GitHub (https://intel.github.io/qpl/index.html)4.ADDITIONAL RESOURCESResource Name DescriptionIntel® In-Memory Analytics Accelerator (IAA) Architecture Specification This document describes the architecture of the Intel® In-Memory Analytics Accelerator (Intel® IAA).。
冬季施工混凝土配合比
冬季施工混凝土配合比
冬季施工对混凝土的配合比通常需要进行调整，以适应低温环境，确保混凝土的性能和强度。
以下是一些冬季混凝土配合比调整的常见考虑因素：
* 减少水灰比：
* 在冬季，减少水灰比有助于减少混凝土中的水分含量，减缓水分的冻结速度。
低水灰比有助于提高混凝土的抗冻性。
* 使用快硬剂和减水剂：
* 添加快硬剂（accelerators）有助于加快混凝土的凝固和强化过程，从而减少混凝土在冻结条件下的敏感性。
减水剂可以帮助减少水的用量，改善混凝土的流动性。
* 使用低温混凝土：
* 选择适用于低温环境的混凝土材料，这可能包括使用低温混凝土粉煤灰、使用具有更好低温性能的水泥等。
* 使用热水和蒸汽养护：
* 在施工后的初期，使用热水和蒸汽进行养护，有助于提高混凝土的温度，减缓冷却速度，有利于混凝土的强化。
* 增加用于隔热的材料：
* 在混凝土周围使用隔热材料，如保温剂或绝缘材料，以减缓混凝土受到环境温度影响的速度。
* 控制混凝土浇筑温度：
* 确保混凝土的浇筑温度在适当范围内，以避免在混凝土中形成裂缝或引起其他问题。
在制定冬季混凝土配合比时，需要考虑到当地的气候条件和具体施工现场的特点。
最好的做法是咨询混凝土供应商和具有混凝土技术
经验的专业人员，以确保混凝土在低温条件下仍然具有足够的强度和耐久性。
基于DPDK和LX2160A的高效数据包捕获方法研究与应用
数据库技术Database Technology电子技术与软件工程Electronic Technology&Software Engineering 基于DPDK和LX2160A的高效数据包捕获方法研究与应用杨勇(中兴通讯股份有限公司广东省深圳市518057)摘要：本文先是研究了数据平面开发套件(DPDK⑴，Data Plane Development Kit)的技术特点和价值，以及恩智浦LX2160A芯片DPAA2(Data Path Acceleration Architecture,Second Generat ion)的结构和应用方法；接着重点介绍基于DPDK和LX2160A的高性能数据包捕获应用方案以及测试方案；然后分析数据包捕茯测试结果，表明基于DPDK和LX2160A的网络设备整体系统性能提高显著。
关键词：数据平面开发套件；数据包捕获；DPAA2;5G1概述随着5G通信网络基础设施规模部署，大流量、高速率、低延时等特点的业务将会日渐上线。
为了承载更多5G业务流量和用户需求，通信运营服务商对通信网络设备提岀了更严格的要求，即要求支持高可用、髙带宽、海量连接数、低时延等特点。
另外在聚焦5G技术的优化设计时，要注重资源利用率、吞吐率等的提升与研究，逐渐转变传统的设计理念团。
面对高带宽数据处理需求，这些设备的CPU须具备高效数据包捕获处理能力。
数据平面开发套件DPDK,区别于Linux操作系统通用性设计目标，DPDK致力于提供快速数据包处理的函数库与用户态网卡等驱动集合，聚焦于网络应用数据包的高性能捕获处理。
恩智浦LX2160A多核CPU处理器是Layerscape系列中性能最高的成员，尤其适合于极具挑战性的高性能网络应用。
本文主要研究基于DPDK和LX2160A的数据包捕获应用方案。
本文先是通过仔细研究DPDK的技术特点和价值。
接着详细介绍了LX2160A芯片技术特征，用于高效数据包捕获的数据通道加速架构及其关键组成部件和DPAA2虚拟对象概念，还有在具体实践应用时需使用的接口文件。
在未来英语短语
在未来英语短语《穿越时空的少女》中男主对女主说的能够引起触动的一句话：“我在未来等你”。
下面就由店铺为大家带来关于在未来的英语短语集锦，希望大家能有所收获。
关于在未来的相关英语短语1. This challenge will occupy Europe for a generation or more.这将是欧洲在未来二三十年或者更长的时间里所要面临的挑战。
2. He envisages the possibility of establishing direct diplomatic relations in the future.他设想在未来可以建立直接的外交关系。
3. The President set the targets for the future to promote friendship with East Europe.总统确定了在未来加强同东欧的互助的目标。
4. Lower rates mean that firms are more likely to rack up profits in the coming months.更低的费率意味着各公司更有可能在未来的几个月中大幅获利。
5. The War will remain a heated topic of debate for some time to come.这场战争在未来的一段时间内仍将是人们热议的话题。
6. The Japanese economy will continue to outpace its foreign rivals for years to come.在未来几年里，日本的经济发展将继续快过其国外的对手。
7. We intend to have a paramedic on every ambulance within the next three years.我们计划在未来3年内为每辆救护车配备一名急救医士。
2023年江苏省泰州市第二中学附属初中中考三模英语试题(含解析)
2023年江苏省泰州市第二中学附属初中中考三模英语试题学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________一、单项选择1．Don’t be afraid of difficulties. Remember: kites rise highest ________ the wind, not with it.A．over B．against C．across D．along 2．—Andy is in a blue mood in recent days. What’s happened to him?—Well, everyone has one of those days when ________ goes right.A．everything B．something C．nothing D．anything 3．With the ________ of “From Accelerators (加速器) to Space: 50 Years of Exploring Fundamental Physical with Chinese Scientists”, Ding Zhaozhong, Nobel Prize winner in physics, shared his experience in physics research on the morning of May 16.A．theme B．ability C．skill D．method 4．Labour plays an important role in developing Students’ view of the world and life. That’s why we need ________ to labour education at school.A．carry on B．carry out C．work on D．work out 5．The artist is well-received as a speaker in the U. S., ________ at universities all over Europe.A．as well as B．as long as C．as far as D．as good as 6．— Shall I give you a ride since it’s snowing heavily?—_________.A．It couldn’t be better B．Got it C．I can’t agree moreD．Don’t mention it7．Some scientists are checking the rocket a fifth time before it is sent up. They must be very careful. You know, ________.A．all is well that ends well B．seeing is believingC．little leaks sink the ship D．practice makes perfect8．—I wonder ________.—I’m not sure. Maybe yes.A．what do you call the animalB．how long he has written the main pointsC．whether Mr. Li has come back or is still thereWhat can we know from the picture?The elephant feels it very easy to plant “patience”.The elephant thinks growing plants needs patience.二、完形填空23．A．at all B．after all C．in all D．above all 24．A．say B．talk C．speak D．tell 25．A．day B．week C．month D．year三、阅读单选Smart Mrs. Squirrel sat at the top of a tree,“I believe in the habit of saving,” said she.“If it were not for that, in the cold winter _______,My young ones and I would starve（挨饿）all together.”“So I’m teaching my children to run and save up,Every acorn as soon as it drops from its cup.And to bring kernels of corn from the stalks in the field,To the big tall tree where I keep it concealed（隐蔽的）.”“Best of all, we have gathered, as much as we could,Beechnuts and butternuts grown in the wood.For cold days and hard times winter surely will bring.And a habit of saving is a wonderful thing!”“But my children are young and they like to play.‘We have plenty, yes plenty, already.’ they say.‘We are tired of bringing in food for our store.Let us play and frolic（嬉闹）and gather no more!’But I tell them it’s pleasant when winter is rough,If both to use and to share we have enough.And they’ll find before winter turns into spring,That a habit of saving is an excellent thing.”31．According to the passage, which of the following words is wrongly explained?A．The word “gourmet” means “a person who knows a lot about good food.”B．The word “materialize” means “come true, take place.”C．The word “hailed” means “thought little of, laughed at.”D．The word “gastronomy” means “the art of cooking and eating good food.”32．What greatest thing does Fuchsia Dunlop find about Chinese food?A．People can cook Chinese food in different ways.B．She can eat food that is both delicious and healthy.C．She can learn how to cook delicious food for the English.D．In China, there are many different cuisines in different places.33．Which of the following should go in the empty box in Paragraph 4?A．she took notes about her travel in different places in ChinaB．she wrote diaries about what she ate in Chinese restaurantsC．she prepared some notes for her report about Chinese foodD．she wrote down the recipes of the dishes she tasted34．The underlined words “the book” in Paragraph 8 refer to (指的是) ______.A．an English version of Sichuan CookeryB．a Chinese version of Sichuan CookeryC．an English version of Land of Fish and RiceD．a Chinese version of Land of Fish and Rice35．What do you think of the things that Fuchsia Dunlop has done?A．They are no good for spending the traditional Chinese culture.B．They are just for people to enjoy the beauty of the Chinese food.C．They are good for people around the world to know Chinese culture.D．They can help Fuchsia Dunlop make money in China.Aubrey recently noticed her grandmother’s difficulty opening a bottle cap. Aubrey wanted to help. She found a method in her engineering class at Carson Middle School. Thegoal of the class is to solve problems. In the class, students had to change existing (现有的) products to make daily life easier for people with challenges.To help Aubrey’s grandmother solve the problem, Aubrey explored existing bottle openers and then created her own. For the improved bottle opener design, she used a piece of wood shaped like a cellphone. Next, she put three holes in it. The holes were of different sizes so that they could match common bottle cap sizes. With a simple twist, her grandmother could open bottles without help.Students like Aubrey used math, physics and tool skills to help people with challenges. They also learned about empathy. “Empathy is looking at problems from another person’s point of view,” Aubrey’s teacher, Mark Bolt said. “It is of great value for engineering. You have to put yourself in the product users’ shoes to build effective solutions.”Other students in the class also applied empathy as they watched people around them struggle with daily tasks. Then they used their projects to find methods. Roman’s grandfather had trouble holding a coffee cup because of his arthritis (关节炎). So Roman made a 3D-printed finger which helped his grandfather firmly support the bottom of the cup.The class tried different ways to improve their products. Rather than giving step-by-step directions for creating their projects, Mark Bolt preferred to leave students’ creative paths open. “If we want to do better, we have to have a chance to fail,” he said.36．Why does the writer mention the bottle cap in paragraph 1?A．To show a result.B．To give an example.C．To raise a question.D．To make a comparison.37．What do we know about Aubrey’s bottle opener?A．It is made of wood.B．It is in the shape of a cap.C．It can match common cellphones.D．It has three holes of the same size. 38．What is important for engineering according to Mark Bolt?A．Being good at math and physics.B．Putting the product users’ shoes on.C．Taking users’ needs into consideration.D．Making use of different tools and skills.39．What is the reason for Roman to make a 3D-print finger?A．He suffered from arthritis.B．His grandpa’s finger was hurt.In our modern age, we do not think much about how our technology works. We are so四、阅读填表In the middle of Shandong Province, you will find the city Zibo. With about 4.7 million people, the city has especially caught online attention since March, 2023 and become one of the most popular attractions in Shandong. How did Zibo make it? The followings may explain this.Zibo Barbecue (BBQ)Its attractive barbecue culture is the first and main reason why Zibo is so hot now. The city has been known because of its plenty of barbecue restaurants for years. The local government tries its best to create a wonderful open-air BBQ environment.When the meat and vegetables are served, people have fun grilling(烧烤) them with their own hands and then wrapping them in thin and round pancakes, usually with spring onions to add a special taste. Zibo has also offered special tourist trains and designed BBQ bus lines to let more tourists arrive directly.A kind city in difficult timesSome Internet users recommended Zibo for another reason. It played a special-role when China fought against COVID-19. Zibo first became known after a group of students from Jinan went there in March. They had to be quarantined(隔离) because of COVID-19 and they were taken good care of while they stayed there. The students also celebrated their last night in Zibo with a major BBO dinner. It is said that these students wanted to go back to Zibo and spend time there as a way to thank the city—not knowing they would help make the city famous.Power of DouyinDouyin is also at the heart of Zibo’s recent success. Zibo first became a hot topic on Douyin in early March, when the videos of the first group of students going back to Zibo to eat barbecue became popular. In April, Zibo hit the hot lists on Douyin again. One vlogger(视频博主) tried ten different food shops in the city and found that they all gave him the right kilos. These food shops even gave him some extra food for free, proving the idea that Zibo is a friendly city.五、语法填空Firefighters in Chongqing, a city in Southwest China, have put out an outbreak of major wildfires caused by extreme heatwaves in only nine days. They dealt with this by lighting a六、话题作文66．种子长成参天大树，是梦想的力量；星星之火可以燎原，是真理的力量；溪流汇成江海，是坚持的力量；蚂蚁穿越沙漠，是团队的力量；朴实的文字震撼心灵，是知识的力量；失败走向成功，是支持的力量。
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“R cancels R”
Ernest quickly jotted down the following: Fr = mv2/r and FB = qvB
thus:
r = mv/qB ω= 2πf = v/r
substitute:
f = qB/2πm R cancels R !
What does this mean ?
What we require is an apparatus to give us a potential of the order of 10 million volts which can be safely accommodated in a reasonably sized room and operated by a few kilowatts of power. We require too an exhausted tube capable of withstanding this voltage… I see no reason why such a requirement cannot be made practical.
The First Cyclotron
The first 4-inch cyclotron was crude, but successfully demonstrated the magnetic resonance principle.
The 11 inch 1.1 MeV
January 1932
Let‟s Get Serious Now…
Rolf Wideroe
19ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้9
R. Wideroe proposed an accelerator by using an alternating voltage across many alternating “gaps.” It was not without a myriad of problems
- Focusing of beam - Vacuum leaks - Oscillating high voltages - Again, imagination
His professor refused any further work because it was “sure to fail.”
Pace of Development was Unprecedented
Feburary 1932 September 1932
Even before the 11-inch was completed, the 27 inch was being designed.
Accelerators the English way…
1932
• Cockcroft & Walton
devised a voltage source that was capable of 600 kV • Felt 100‟s of keV needed more study
– 1st goal was only 300 keV
Ernest Lawrence recognized that the ion‟s angular velocity does not depend on the radius. Mother nature was kind to cyclotroneers, for as the particle‟s energy (speed) increased, so did it‟s orbital path length. For a fixed particles q/m and magnetic field the angular frequency is constant.
VDG‟s 15-foot machine at MIT
• The awesome VDG installation at MIT stood 43 feet about the ground and the spheres were 15 feet in diameter. • It promised 10 MV, but was not realized until after WWII
Telegram to Lawrence: “Dr. Livingston has asked me to advise you that he has obtained 1,100,000 volt protons. He also suggested that I add „Whoopee‟!”
VDG generators are still used today
Van de Graff at Carnegie Inst.
He was a hit !
Many labs could easily obtain a Van de Graff. - Low currents - High precision
Enter Robert J. Van de Graff
1931-4 Van de Graff (VDG) achieved 1.5 MV in 1931, with two VDG metal spheres.
Proposed 10 MV with two 20 foot spheres on 20 foot towers. It worked ! But progress was slow…
Cockcroft-Walton Generator
Cockcroft & Walton Left their Mark
The 1st stage of Fermilab‟s huge accelerator is a Cockcroft-Walton Machine
750 keV
(Upper limit)
“Start the ball rolling…”
1927: Lord Rutherford requested a “copious supply” of projectiles more energetic than natural alpha and beta particles. At the opening of the resulting High Tension Laboratory, Rutherford went on to reiterate the goal:
- Wideroe still published his idea in Archiv fur Electrotechnic
Schematic of Wideroe‟s Linac
Ernest Orlando Lawrence
In April 1929, UC Berkley‟s youngest Physics professor happened across Archiv fur Electrotechnic. Not able to read German he just looked at the diagrams and pictures of the journal. Immediately after seeing Wideroes schematic, Ernest fully comprehended it‟s implications. He was excited !
Small Victories
Try, Try and Try Again
1931
• Brash & Lange try again
– Successful impulse generator
• Safer, but only 900 keV
– Thought to be too low
Back to the Alps
– FNAL
Basic Accelerator
Two Types.
st 1
Linear
nd: 2
Circular
Nature‟s Particle Accelerators
• Naturally occurring radioactive sources:
– Up to 5 MeV Alpha‟s (helium nuclei) – Up to 3 MeV Beta particles (electrons)
• Natural sources are difficult and limited:
– – – – Chemical processing: purity, messy, and expensive Low intensity Poor geometry Uncontrolled energies, usually very broad
Conceptual Cyclotron Design
Ernest Lawrence proposed a modification to Wideroe‟s double gap linac: bend the tubes and apply a magnetic field to bend the ion‟s path.
The Million Volt Barrier
Summary of Problems in getting HV ~ 1929
• • • • • •
Voltage Generators Insulators – 750 kV max holding ! Power Safety in using HV Funding Imagination
Making the Cyclotron a Reality
It was quickly realized that two hollow, semicircular electrodes (named DEE‟s for their shape) in a strong magnetic field would best serve as the accelerating gap and ion storage.