Short Answer Questions Ch 22-25 of The Maze Runner
2017年12月英语四级真题和答案解析（第二套）
2017年12⽉英语四级真题和答案解析（第⼆套）2017年12⽉⼤学英语四级考试真题(第2套)Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on how to best handle the relationship between teachers and students. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes) Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.1. A) It tries to entertain its audience. C) It wants to catch people’s attention.B) It tries to look into the distance. D) It has got one of its limbs injured.2. A) It was spotted by animal protection officials.B) It was filmed by a local television reporter.C) Its videos were posted on social media.D) Its picture won a photography prize.Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.3. A) The distance travelled C) The spending on gas.B) The incidence of road accidents. D) The number of people travelling.4. A) Fewer people are commuting. C) Job growth is slowing down.B) Gas consumption is soaring. D) Rush-hour traffic is worsening.Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.5. A) He told a stranger the sad story about himself.B) He helped a stranger to carry groceries to his car.C) He went up to a stranger and pulled at his sleeves.D) He washed a stranger’s ca r in return for some food.6. A) He ordered a lot of food for his family. C) He raised a large sum of money for him.B) He gave him a job at his own company. D) He offered him a scholarship for college.7. A) He works hard to support his family. C) He is very good at making up stories.B) He is an excellent student at school. D) He has been disabled since boyhood.Section BDirections:In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.8. A) Attended an economics lecture. C) Had a drink at Queen Victoria.9. A) Treat a college friend to dinner. C) Attend his brother’s birthday party.B) Make preparations for a seminar. D) Visit some of his high school friends.10. A) Gather statistics for his lecture.B) Throw a surprise birthday party.C) Meet with Jonathan’s friends on the weekend.D) Join him in his brother’s birthday celebration.11. A) By car. B) By train. C) By taxi. D) By bus.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. A) Taking a vacation abroad. C) Saving enough money for a rainy day.B) Reviewing for his last exam. D) Finding a better way to earn money.13. A) Preparing for his final exams. C) Working part time as a waiter.B) Negotiating with his boss for a raise. D) Helping the woman with her courses.14. A) Finish her term paper. C) Learn a little bit of Spanish.B) Save enough money. D) Ask her parent’s permission.15. A) He has rich sailing experience. C) He is also eager to go to Spain.B) He speaks Spanish fluently. D) He is easy to get along with.Section CDirections:In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you mast choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. A) She went to the same university as her mother.B) She worked as a nurse in the First World War.C) She won the Nobel Prize two times.D) She was also a Nobel Prize winner.17. A) She fought bravely in a series of military operations.B) She developed X-ray facilities for military hospitals.C) She helped to set up several military hospitals.D) She made donations to save wounded soldiers.18. A) Both died of blood cancer. C) Both won military medals.B) Both fought in World War I. D) Both married their assistants.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. A) They were the first settlers in Europe.B) They were the conquerors of Norway.C) They discovered Iceland in the ninth century.D) They settled on a small island north of England.B) It was covered with green most time of the year.C) It was the Vikings’ most important discovery.D) It was a rocky mass of land covered with ice.21. A) The Vikings, ocean explorations. C) The Vikings’ everyday life.B) The making of European nations. D) The Europeans’ Arcti c discoveries. Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22. A) Work hard for a better life. C) Dream about the future.B) Make mistakes now and then. D) Save against a rainy day.23. A) Teach foreign languages for the rest of his life.B) Change what he has for his past imaginary world.C) Exchange his two-story house for a beach cottage.D) Dwell on the dreams he had dreamed when young.24. A) Criminal law. C) Oriental architecture.B) City planning. D) International business.25. A) Dream and make plans. C) Be content with what you have.B) Take things easy in life, D) Enjoy whatever you are doing.Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes) Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.Technological changes brought dramatic new options to Americans living in the 1990s. During this decade new forms of entertainment, commerce, research, and communication became commonplace in the U. S. The driving force behind much of this change was a (n) 26 popularly known as the Internet.The Internet was developed during the 1970s by the Department of Defense. In the case of an attack, military advisers suggested the 27 of being able to operate one computer from another terminal. In the early days, the Internet was used mainly by scientists to communicate with other scientists. The Internet 28 under government control until 1984.One early problem faced by Internet users was speed. Phone lines could only transmit information at a 29 rate. The development of fiber-optic (光纤)cables allowed for billions of bits of information to be received every minute. Companies like Intel developed faster microprocessors, so personal computers could process the 30 signals at a more rapid rate.In the early 1990s, the World Wide Web was developed, in large part, for 31 purposes. Corporations created home pages where they could place text and graphics to sell products. Soon airline tickets, hotel 32 , and even cars and homes could be purchased online. Universities 33 research data on the Internet, so students could find 34 information without leaving their dormitories. Companies soon discovered that work could be done at home and 35 online, so a whole new class of telecommuters began to earn a living from home offices unshavenSection BDirections:In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.The Health Benefits of KnittingA) About 15 years ago, I was invited to join a knitting group. I agreed to give it a try.B) My mother had taught me to knit at 15, and I knitted in class throughout college and for a few years thereafter. Then decades passed without my touching a knitting needle. But within two Mondays in the group, I was hooked, not only on knitting but also on crocheting (钩织), and I was on my way to becoming a highly productive crafter.C) I’ve made countless baby blankets, sweaters, scarves, hats, caps for newborns. I take a knitting project with me everywhere, especially when I have to sit still and listen. As I discovered in college, when my hands are busy, my mind stays focused on the here and now.D) It seems, too, that I’m part of a national renewal of interest in needle and other handicrafts (⼿⼯艺).The Craft Yam Council reports that a third of women ages 25-35 now knit or crochet. Ev en men and schoolchildren are swelling the ranks, among them my Mend’s three small grandsons. Last April, the council created a Stitch Away Stress” campaign in honor of National Stress Awareness Month. Dr. Herbert Benson, a pioneer in mind/body medicine and author of The Relaxation Response, says that the repetitive action of needlework can induce a relaxed state like that associated with meditation (沉思) and yoga. Once you get beyond the initial learning curve, knitting and crocheting can lower heart rate and blood pressure.E) But unlike meditation, craft activities result in tangible and often useful products that can enhance self-esteem. I keep photos of my singular accomplishments on my cellphone to boost my spirits when needed.F) Since the 1990s, the council has surveyed hundreds of thousands of knitters and crocheters, who routinely list stress relief and creative fulfillment as the activities’ main benefits. Among them is the father of a prematurely born daughter who reported that during the baby’s fi ve weeks in the intensive care unit, “learning how to knit infant hats gave me a sense of purpose during a time that I felt very helpless. It’s a hobby that I’ve stuck with, and it continues to help me cope with stress at work, provide a sense of order in hectic (忙乱的) days, and allow my brain time to solve problems.”G) A recent email from the yam (纺纱) company Red Heart titled “Health Benefits of Crocheting and Knitting” prompted me to explore what else might be known about the health value of activities like knitting. My research revealed that the rewards go well beyond replacing stress and anxiety with the satisfaction of creation.H) For example, Karen Hayes, a life coach in Toronto, conducts knitting therapy programs,including Knit to Quit to help smokers give up the habit, and Knit to Heal for people coping with health crises, like a cancer diagnosis or serious illness of a family member. Schools and prisons with craft programs report that they have a calming effect and enhance social skills. And having to follow instructions on complex craft projects can improve children’s math skills.I) Some people find that craftwork helps them control their weight. Just as it’s challenging to smoke while knitting, when hands are holding needles and hooks, there’s le ss snacking and mindless eating out of boredom.J) I’ve found that my handiwork with yam has helped my arthritic (患关节炎的)fingers remain more dexterous (灵巧的) as I age. A woman encouraged to try knitting and crocheting after developing an autoimmune disease that caused a lot of hand pain reported on the Craft Yam Council site that her hands are now less stiff and painful.K) A 2009 University of British Columbia study of 38 women with an eating disorder who were taught to knit found that learning the craft led to significant improvements. Seventy-four percent of the women said the activity lessened their fears and kept them from thinking about their problem.who were clinically depressed said that knitting made them feel happy or very happy. In a study of 60 self-selected people with persistent pain, Ms. Corkhill and colleagues reported that knitting enabled them to redirect their focus, reducing their awareness of pain. She suggested that the brain can process just so much at once, and that activities like knitting and crocheting make it harder for the brain to register pain signals. Perhaps most exciting is research that suggests that crafts like knitting and crocheting may help to keep off a decline in brain function with age. In a 2011 study, researchers led by Dr. Yonas Geda at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester interviewed a random (随机的) sample of 1,321 people ages 70-89, most of whom were cognitively (在认知⽅⾯) normal, about the cognitive activities they engaged in late in life. The study, published in the Journal of Neuropsychiatry & Clinical Neurosciences, found that those who engaged in crafts like knitting and crocheting had a diminished chance of developing mild cognitive disorder and memory loss.M) Although it is possible that only people who are cognitively healthy would pursue such activities, those who read newspapers or magazines or played music did not show similar benefits. The researchers speculate that craft activities promote the development of nerve pathways in the brain that help to maintain cognitive health.N) In support of that suggestion, a 2014 study by Denise C. Park of the University of Texas at Dallas and colleagues demonstrated that learning to knit or do digital photography enhanced memory function in older adults. Those who engaged in activities that were not intellectually challenging, either in a social group or alone, did not show such improvements.O) Given that sustained social contacts have been shown to support health and a long life, those wishing to maximize the health value of crafts might consider joining a group of like-minded folks.I for one try not to miss a single weekly meeting of my knitting group.36. When the author was a college student, she found that knitting helped her concentrate.37. Knitting can help people stay away from tobacco.38. Even men and children are now joining the army of knitters.39. Being a member of a crafts group enhances one’s health and prolongs one’s life.40. Knitting diverts people’s attention from their pain.41. The author learnt to knit as a teenager, but it was not until she was much older that she became keenly interested.42. When people are knitting, they tend to eat fewer snacks.43. Survey findings show that knitting can help people relieve stress.44. According to a study, knitters and crocheters are less likely to suffer mild cognitive damage.45. The products of knitting can increase one’s sense of self-respect.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Nobody really knows how big Lagos is. What’s indisputable is that it’s growing very quickly. Between now and 2050, the urban population of Africa could triple. Yet cities in sub-Saharan Africa are not getting richer the way cities in the rest of the world have. Most urban Africans live in slums (贫民窟); migrants are often not much better off than they were in the countryside. Why?The immediate problem is poverty. Most of Africa is urbanising at a lower level of income than other regions of the worl d did. That means there’s little money around for investment that would make cities liveable and more productive. Without upgrades and new capacity, bridges, roads and power systems are unable to cope with expanding populations. With the exception of South Africa, the only light rail metro system in sub-Saharan Africa is in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Traffic jam leads to expense and unpredictability, things that keep investors away.In other parts of the world, increasing agricultural productivity and industrialization went together. More productive farmersmoney. Most urban Africans work for a small minority of the rich, who tend to be involved in either cronyish (有裙带关系的)businesses or politics. Since African agriculture is still broadly unproductive, food is imported, consuming a portion of revenue.So what can be done? Though African countries are poor, not all African cities are. In Lagos, foreign oil workers can pay as much as $65,000 per year in rent for a modest apartment in a safe part of town. If that income were better taxed, it might provide the revenue for better infrastructure. If city leaders were more accountable to their residents, they might favour projects designed to help them more. Yet even as new roads are built, new people arrive. When a city’s popul ation grows by 5% a year, it is difficult to keep up.46. What do we learn from the passage about cities in sub-Saharan Africa?A) They have more slums than other cities in the world.B) They are growing fast without becoming richer.C) They are as modernised as many cities elsewhere.D) They attract migrants who want to be better off.47. What does the author imply about urbanisation in other parts of the world?A) It benefited from the contribution of immigrants.B) It started when people’s income was relatively high.C) It benefited from the accelerated rise in productivity.D) It started with the improvement of people’s livelihood.48. Why is sub-Saharan Africa unappealing to investors?A) It lacks adequate transport facilities.B) The living expenses there are too high.C) It is on the whole too densely populated.D) The local governments are corrupted.49. In what way does the author say African cities are different?A) They have attracted huge numbers of farm labourers.B) They still rely heavily on agricultural productivity.C) They have developed at the expense of nature.D) They depend far more on foreign investment.50. What might be a solution to the problems facing African cities?A) Lowering of apartment rent. C) More rational overall planning.B) Better education for residents. D) A more responsible government.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.For the past several decades, it seems there’s been a general consensus on how to get ahead in America: Get a college education, find a reliable job, and buy your own home. But do Americans still believe in that path, and if they do, is it attainable?The most recent National Journal poll asked respondents about the American dream, what it takes to achieve their goals, and whether or not they felt a significant amount of control over their ability to be successful. Overwhelmingly, the results show that today, the idea of the American dream—and what it takes to achieve it—looks quite different than it did in the lateBy and large, people felt that their actions and hard work—not outside forces—were the deciding factor in how their lives turned out. But respondents had decidedly mixed feelings about what actions make for a better life in the current economy.In the last seven years, Americans have grown more pessimistic about the power of education to lead to success. Even though they see going to college as a fairly achievable goal, a majority—52 percent—think that young people do not need a four-year college education in order to be successful.Miguel Maeda, 42, who has a master’s degree and works in public health, was the first in his family to go to college, which has allowed him to achieve a sense of financial stability his parents and grandparents never did.While some, like Maeda, emphasized the value of the degree rather than the education itself, others still see college as a way to gain new perspectives and life experiences.Sixty-year-old Will Fendley, who had a successful career in the military and never earned a college degree, thinks “personal drive” is far more important than just going to college. To Fendley, a sense of drive and purpose, as well as an effective high-school education, and basic life skills, like balancing a checkbook, are the necessary ingredients for a successful life in America.51. It used to be commonly acknowledged that to succeed in America, one had to have ______.A) an advanced academic degree C) a firm belief in their dreamB) an ambition to get ahead D) a sense of drive and purpose52. What is the finding of the latest National Journal poll concerning the American dream?A) More and more Americans are finding it hard to realize.B) It remains alive among the majority of American people.C) Americans’ idea of it has changed over the past few decades.D) An increasing number of young Americans are abandoning it.53. What do Americans now think of the role of college education in achieving success?A) It still remains open to debate.B) It has proved to be beyond doubt.C) It is no longer as important as it used to be.D) It is much better understood now than ever.54. How do some people view college education these days?A) It promotes gender equality. C) It adds to cultural diversity.B) It needs to be strengthened. D) It helps broaden their minds.55. What is one factor essential to success in America, according to Will Fendley?A) A desire to learn and to adapt. C) A willingness to commit oneself.B) A strong sense of responsibility. D) A clear aim and high motivation.Part IV Translation (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed SO minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.华⼭位于华阴市，距西安120公⾥。
MultipleChoiceQuestions.Choosethebestanswer
Multiple Choice Questions. Choose the best answer(1) Which of the following occurs with perfectly price discriminating monopolies?A) The level of output is inefficient.B) All consumer surplus goes to the monopoly.C) Deadweight loss is created.D) Firms earn zero economic profits.E) None of the above.(2) Firms in monopolistic competition make products that areA) perfect complements.B) close but not perfect complements.C) perfect substitutes.D) close but not perfect substitutes.(3) In monopolistic competition, each firm’s marginal revenue curve lies ____ its demand curve because of ____.A) below ; barriers to entryB) below; product differentiationC) above; barriers to entryD) above; product differentiation(4) In monopolistic competition, each firm has a demand curve with A) a negative slope, and there are no barriers to entry into the market.B) a slope equal to zero, and there is are no barriers to entry into the market.C) negative slope, and there are barriers to entry into the market.D) a slope equal to zero, and there are barriers to entry into the market.(5) In the short run, a monopolistically competitive firm choosesA) both its price and its quantity.B) its price but not its quantity.C) its quantity but not its price.D) neither its price nor its quantity.(6) In monopolistic competition, firms can earn an economic profit inA) the short run and in the long run.B) the short run but not in the long run.C) the long run but not in the short run.D) neither the long run nor the short run.(7) The figure above shows short-run cost curves for a perfectly competitive firm. If the price of the product is $8, in the short run the firm willA) earn a normal profit.B) earn an economic profit.C) incur an economic loss.D) None of the above answers is correct because more information is needed to determine the firm’s profit or loss.(8) In the long run, the economic profits of a firm in a perfectly competitive industryA) will be above zero.B) will be below zero.C) will equal zero.D) can be above, below, or equal to zero.(9) A perfectly competitive firm is definitely earning an economicprofit whenA) MR < MC.B) P > ATC.C) P < ATC.D) P > AVC.(10) Paul runs a shop that sells printers. Paul is a perfect competitor and can sell each printer for a price of $300. The marginal cost of selling one printer a day is $200; the marginal cost of selling a second printer is $250; and the marginal cost of selling a thirdprinter is $350. To maximize his profit, Paul should sellA) one printer a day.B) two printers a day.C) three printers a day.D) more than three printers a day.(11) Suppose firms in a perfectly competitive industry are suffering aneconomic loss. Over time,A) other firms enter the industry, so the price rises and the economic loss decreases.B) some firms leave the industry, so the price rises and the economic loss decreases.C) other firms enter the industry, so the price falls and the economic loss decreases.D) some firms leave the industry, so the price falls and the economic loss decreases.(12) The market for lawn services is perfectly competitive. Larry’s Lawn Service cannot increase its total revenue by raising its price because ____.A) Larry’s supply of lawn services is perfectly inelasticB) the demand for Larry’s services is perfectly inelasticC) Larry’s supply of lawn services is inelasticD) the demand for Larry's services is perfectly elastic(13) The apple industry is perfectly competitive and is in long-run equilibrium. Now a disease kills 50 percent of the apple orchards. In the short run, the price of a bag of apples ____ and the remainingapple growers make ____ profits. In the long run, the ____.A) increases; normal; price of apples will return to their originallevelB) remains the same; normal; orchards will be replanted and growerswill make normal profitsC) increases; normal; orchards will be replanted and economic profitwill return to zeroD) increases; positive economic; orchards will be replanted and economic profit will return to zero(14) The following are key features of a monopoly EXCEPTA) the monopoly is protected by a barrier to entry.B) no close substitutes exist for the good or service.C) the monopoly has a strong influence over the price of the good or service.D) the monopoly has diseconomies of scale.(15) An industry in which one firm can supply the entire market at a lower price than two or more firms can is called aA) legal monopoly.B) natural monopoly.C) single-price monopoly.D) price-discriminating monopoly.(16) Which of the following is true of a natural monopoly?A) Its long-run average cost curve slopes upward as it intersects the demand curve.B) Economies of scale exist to only a very low level of output.C) The firm can supply the entire market at a lower cost than could two or more firms.D) The firm is not protected by any barrier to entry.(17) Monopolies can earn an economic profit in the long run because ofA) rent seeking by competitors.B) the elastic demand for the monopoly’s product.C) the cost-savings gained by the monopoly.D) barriers to enter the monopoly’s market.(18) In comparison with a perfect competition, a single-price monopolist with the same costsA) generates a smaller consumer surplus but a larger economic profit.B) generates a smaller consumer surplus and a smaller economic profit.C) generates a larger consumer surplus and a larger economic profit.D) generates a larger consumer surplus and a smaller economic profit.(19) Which of the following market structures is likely to produce the highest output for a given good?(A)monopoly(B)oligopoly(C)monopolistic competition(D)perfect competitionUse the above figure for questions 20 and 21.20) The unregulated, single-price monopoly shown in the figure above has a total economic profit ofA) $24.B) $16.C) $8.D) $4.(21) For the unregulated, single-price monopoly shown in the figure above, when its profit is maximized, output will beA) 4 units per year and the price will be $6.B) 4 units per year and the price will be $4.C) 6 units per year and the price will be $4.D) None of the above answers is correct.(22) Which area(s) in the above figure indicates consumer surplus at the price and quantity that would be attained if the industry were perfectly competitive?A) A + B + C + DB) A + B + C + D + EC) F + G + HD) A + B + C + D + E + F + G + H(23) Which area(s) in the above figure indicates consumer surplus at the price and quantity that would be set by a single-price monopoly?A) A + BB) A + B + C + D + EC) C + DD) C + D + E + F + G + H(24) In the above figure, which area is the deadweight loss from a single-price monopoly?A) EB) E + HC) E + H + KD) E + H + K + J(25) Monopolists are able to practice price discrimination becauseA) of differing willingness-to-pay among consumers.B) of differing price elasticities of supply.C) they have constant marginal cost.D) they have constant average cost.(26) In perfect competition,A) each firm can influence the price of the good.B) there are few buyers.C) there are significant restrictions on entry.D) all firms in the market sell their product at the same price.Note: the Price of the good in the perfectly competitive market is $12 per unit.Use the above figure for questions (27),(28) and (29).(27) In the above figure, the curve represented by the"2" is theA) average fixed cost.B) average variable cost.C) total cost.D) average total cost.(28) In the above figure, the firm’s total economicprofit is equal toA) $260.B) $1300C) $1560.D) MR – MC.E) none of the above(29) Firms will shut down if the market price isA) at 12B) below 12C) below 10D) below 8(30) A competitive firm is more likely to shut down during a recession, when the demand for its product declines, than during an economic expansion, because during the recession it might be unable to cover itsA) fixed costs.B) variable costs.C) external costs.D) depreciation due to machinery becoming obsolete.(31) In the above figure, if the price is P1, the firm will produceA) nothing.B) where MC equals ATC.C) where MC equals P1.D) where ATC equals P1.Use the above figure for questions (32) and (33).(32) The firm in the figure above is in monopolistic competition. It will set a price equal toA) $1.B) $2.C) $3.D) more than $3.(33) The above figure depicts a firm in monopolistic competition. At the profit maximizing level of output,A) the firm is making economic profit.B) the firm incurs an economic loss.C) the firm is making zero economic profit.D) this firm would choose to shut down in the short run.Factor of inputs (questions (34), (35), (36) and (37))(34) The marginal revenue product (MRP) of labor is the extra revenue generated byA) selling an additional unit of output.B) raising the price of the product by one dollar.C) hiring one additional unit of labor.D) price discrimination.(35) Marginal revenue product equals marginal productA) times the quantity of labor.B) divided by the quantity of labor.C) times the price if the goods are sold in perfect competition.D) divided by the good’s price.(36) In the table above, the marginal revenue product of the third unit of labor is (Hint: find MR and MPL first)A) $3.B) $4.C) $12.D) $16.(37) In the table above, if the wage rate is $8.00 per hour, theprofit-maximizing number of workers isA) 1.B) 2.C) 4.D) 5.E) none of the above(38) The best example of an oligopoly market can be described byA) wheat farming.B) the restaurant industry.C) long-distance telephone service.D) the clothing industry.(39) In an oligopoly with a collusive agreement (i.e. firms gettogether to set price and output level), the total industry profitswill be smallest whenA) all firms comply with the agreement.B) one firm cheats on the agreement and the other firms do not cheat.C) all firms cheat on the agreement.D) the firms act as a monopoly.(40) Price wars areA) most likely when there is a monopoly.B) most likely when there is oligopoly.C) most likely when there is perfect competition.D) equally likely in the cases of monopoly, oligopoly,and perfect competition.Answer Key for the last exercise questions: 1-5: b,d,b,a,a6-10: b,c,c,b,b11-15: b,d,d,d,b16-20: c,d,a,d,c21-25: a,b,a,b,a26-30: d,b,e,d,a31-35: c,c,c,c,c36-40: c,c,c,c,b。
英文版国际营销学期末试卷6
英文版国际营销学期末试卷6Section 1：Multiple Choices (75％)This section has 30 questions, each worth 2.5％. For each question，you must choose ONLY one choice which you think best fits in。
Please transfer the code of your choice into theattached Answer Sheet.1. Marketing seeks to create and manage profitable customer relationships bydelivering ________ to customers.a. competitive pricesb. superior valuec. superior serviced. superior promotione. product assortment2. Customer satisfaction depends on the product’s perceived value re lative tothe buyer's ________.a. cost of obtaining the productb. expectationsc. cost of competing productsd. cost of the lost experiencee. all of the above3. To reduce demand for space on congested expressways in Washington，D.C., the Metropolitan Washington Council of Governments has attemptedto engage in ________。
新视野大学英语第三版Unit 7 Section A讲解
FOREIGN LANGUAGE TEACHING AND RESEARCH PRESS AIR FORCE ENGINEERING UNIVERSITY
7 UNIT
No legacy is so rich as honesty. — William Shakespeare
If you tell the truth you don’t have to remember anything.
— Mark Twain
7 UNIT
When honesty disappears
To discuss some social phenomenon about dishonesty To further understand the text To apply the phrases and patterns To master the paragraph writing skill
Abraham Lincoln
1. How much do you know about Abraham Lincoln?
• The 16th President of the United States ; • Lead the country through the American Civil
Compound Dictation Listen to a short passage concerning honesty and fill in the missing information.
If you have any fault to find with any one, tell him, not others, of what you complain. There is no more dangerous experiment than that of _u_n_d__e_rt_a_k_in_g_ to do one thing before a man's face and another behind his back. We should say and do nothing to the _i_n_ju__ry__ of any one. It is not only a matter of _p_r_in_c_i_p_l_e_, but also the path of peace and honor.
FinancialInstitutionsManagementseventhEdition课后练习题
Financial Institutions Management Seventh Edition 课后练习题含答案Chapter 1Multiple Choice Questions1.Which of the following is not one of the primary economicfunctions of financial institutions?a.Channeling funds between savers and investorsb.Creating and selling financial instrumentsc.Managing riskd.Providing investment adviceAnswer: d2.Which of the following is not a significant trend in thefinancial services industry?a.Disintermediationb.Deregulationc.Globalizationd.Increased government interventionAnswer: d3.Which of the following is not one of the three broadcategories of financial institutions?a.Depository institutionsb.Contractual savings institutionsc.Investment intermediariesd.Insurance companiesAnswer: dShort Answer Questions1.What is financial intermediation?Financial intermediation is the process of channeling funds between savers and investors. Financial intermediaries take in funds from savers and lend or invest those funds to borrowers or investors.2.What is disintermediation?Disintermediation is the process of savers investing directly in financial markets rather than through financialintermediaries. It typically occurs when interest rates are high, making alternative investments such as certificates of deposit more attractive.3.What is globalization?Globalization is the process of increased interconnectedness and interdependence among individuals, companies, and countries around the world. In the financial services industry,globalization has led to increased competition, new markets, and new financial products.Chapter 2Multiple Choice Questions1.Which of the following is not a typical function of acommercial bank?a.Accepting depositsb.Making loansc.Issuing corporate bondsd.Providing checking accountsAnswer: c2.Which of the following is not a typical function of a thriftinstitution?a.Making mortgage loansb.Accepting depositsc.Providing checking accountsd.Issuing bondsAnswer: d3.Which of the following is not a characteristic of a creditunion?a.Owned by its membersb.Insured by the FDICc.Provides savings and checking accountsd.Specializes in consumer loansAnswer: bShort Answer Questions1.What is a commercial bank?A commercial bank is a financial institution that acceptsdeposits, makes loans, provides checking accounts, and offers other financial services to customers. Commercial banks aretypically chartered by the state or federal government and are regulated by banking authorities.2.What is a savings and loan association?A savings and loan association, also known as a thriftinstitution, is a type of financial institution that specializes in making mortgage loans. These institutions also accept deposits and typically offer savings and checking accounts.3.What is a credit union?A credit union is a member-owned financial cooperative thatprovides financial services to its members. Credit unions are typically organized around a specific group or community, such as employees of a particular company or residents of a particular city or town.。
Short Answer Questions (简答题)
Short Answer Questions (简答题)1．题型要求每个题目都是一个特殊问句，要求根据原文作出回答。
绝大部分的题目要求有字数限制，一般有如下几种表达方式：（1）NO MORE THAN TWO/THREE/FOUR WORDS（不超过2/3/4个字）；（1）ONE OR TWO WORDS（一个或两个字）；（1）Use a maximum of TWO words（最多两个字）。
有字数限制的，一定要严格按照题目要求去做。
少部分的题目要求中没有字数限制，这时，请注意，答案字数也不会很长，一般不会超过四个字。
总之，这种题型的答案都是词或短语，很少是句子，所以又叫“短问答”。
考试中，A类和G类一般都是每次必考，考一组，共三题左右。
1．解题步骤（1）找出题目中的关键词，最好先定位到原文中的一个段落。
将题目中的关键词与原文各段落的小标题或每段话的第一句相对照。
有些题目能先定位到原文中的一个段落，这必将大大加快解题时间，并提高准确率。
但并不是每个题目都能先定位到原文中的一个段落的。
题目中如果包含年代、人名、地名、数字，这些词肯定是关键词，因为原文中不会对这些词做改变，而且这些词特别好找，所以依据这些词在原文中确定答案比较快。
（2）从头到尾快速阅读该段落，根据题目中的其他关键词，确定正确答案。
确定一个段落后，答案在该段落中的具体位置是未知的。
所以，需要从头到尾快速阅读该段落，确定正确答案。
（3）答案要对应题目中的特殊疑问词。
答案必须要对应题目中的特殊疑问词。
绝大部分的答案是名词或名词短语，也有少部分是动词或形容词短语。
详件下文：特殊疑问词：when, where, what, who答案词性：名词(时间，地点，人或单位等)答案例子：8:00am, classroom, calcium deposit, Australian taxpayer注意事项：不需要时间名词前面的介词及冠词，钟点后面要有am或pm。
Short Answer Questions
Short Answer QuestionsEvaluating employee performance is a key area of management skills. The challenge is to give the employees an accurate picture of their accomplishments and of the areas in which they need to improve. Both are important: accomplishments because they give the employee a sense of pride in the work and a basis on which to build future achievements, and areas for improvement, because they give the employee some goal to reach for.Often, employees fear that the evaluation will be a negative experience. This fear alone can result in defensiveness and tension. The manager must take pains to lessen the employee’s fear and make the evaluation a participatory (参与的) event. An employee who contributes ideas to his or her evaluation will be much more likely to agree with the outcome and be willing to follow the suggestions.The employee appraisal (评价) system is to improve employee performance. While areas needing improvement must be reviewed, this should always be done in the spirit of discovering goals the employee can work toward. This holds true for reviewing success as well. While praise for past achievements may be used as a reward, at the time of the evaluation, the primary reason to look at the person’s success is to determine areas in which he or she can continue to excel.Perhaps the most effective way to make the evaluation a participatory event is to ask the employee to come preparedly to the meeting. The employer and employee each should carefully review the job description prior to the evaluation meeting and should make notes on areas in which the employee had difficulty or has made a contribution. It is important that these notes be specific; “Does a good job” is not nearly as meaningful as “Increased productivity by 35%”.Both parties should also draw up a short list of goals for the employee to achieve during the next evaluation period. Ideally, these goals should build upon the known strengths and successes of the employee. However, areas needing improvement must also be addressed.1. Who are the target readers of this passage? __________________________.2. Employees often think that in an evaluation meeting ______________ will be much more than praise.3. Employers appraise the employees’ past achievements and the areas needing improvement in order to _____________________.4. Both parties make preparation materials for the evaluation meeting according to ____________.5. What should the goals for the future work be based on? ___________________.2.Nuclear power’s danger to health, safety, and even to life itself can be summed up in one word: radiation. Nuclear radiation has a certain mystery about it, partly because it can not be detected by human senses. It can not be seen or heard, or touched or tasted, even though it may be all around us. There are other things like that. For example, radio waves are all around us but we can not detect them or sense them, without a radio receiver. Similarly, we can not sense radio activity without a radio detector. But unlike common radio waves, nuclear radiation is not harmless to human beings and other things.At very high levels, radiation can kill an animal or human being outright by killing masses ofcells in vital organs. But even the lowest levels can do serious damage. There is no level of radiation that is completely safe. If the radiation does not hurt anything important, the damage may not be significant. This is the case when only a few cells are only damaged, and if they reproduce themselves, you may be in trouble. They reproduce themselves in a deformed way. They can grow into cancer. Sometimes this does not show up for many years.This is another reason for some of the mystery about nuclear radiation. Serious damage can be done without the victim being aware at the time that damage has occurred. A person can be irradiated and feel fine, then die of cancer five, ten or twenty years later as a result. Or a child can be born weak or liable to serious illness as a result of radiation absorbed by its grandparents. Radiation can hurt us, we must know the truth.1. The author’s purpose in writing this passage is to warn people of ___________________.2. Nuclear radiation, like common radio waves, is _____________ to human senses.3. A few damaged cells by nuclear radiation may be _____________ to the body than a few killed ones.4. The word “outright” in Sentence 5, Para. 2 is closest in meaning to “_______________”.5. Nuclear radiation may deform _____________, which may result in children liable to weakness or illness.3.Students who score high in achievement heeds tend to make higher grades in college than those who score low. When degree aptitude for college work, as indicated by College Entrance Examination Board Tests, is held constant, engineering students who score high in achievement needs tend to make higher grades in college than the aptitude test scores would indicate.We can define this need as the habitual desire to do useful work well. It is a salient influence characteristic of those who need little supervision. Their desire for accomplishment is a stronger motivation than any stimulation the supervisor can provide. Individuals who function in terms of this drive do not “bluff” in regard to a job that they fail to do well.Some employees have a strong drive for success in their work; others are satisfied when they make a living. Those who want to feel that they are successful have high aspiration for themselves. Thoughts concerning the achievement drive are often prominent in the evaluations made by the typical employment interviewer who interviews college seniors for executive training. He wants to find out whether the senior has a strong drive to get ahead or merely to hold a job. Research indicates that some who do get ahead have an even stronger drive to avoid failure.1. What is the main subject of this passage? _________________.2. How can individuals obtain high achievement scores? ________________.3. According to the passage, individuals with a strong drive to succeed will _____________.4. What quality do employment interviewers look for in college seniors for executive training?_________________.5. What motivates some seniors to succeed? ________________.。
shortanswerquestions简短回答问题
Short Answer QuestionsChapter 9 Ethics & Strategy1. What is the difference between ethics and business ethics?2. What are the strengths and weaknesses of the thesis that ethical standards are (or should be) universal?3. Explain the difference between the school of ethical universalism and the school of ethical relativism.4. What are the strengths and weaknesses of the beliefs and tenets underlying the school of ethical relativism?5. Ethical relativism equates to multiple sets of ethical standards. True or false? Explain your answer.6. What is meant by integrated social contracts theory? What is its contribution to the debate about ethicalstandards?7. Explain the difference between ethical universalism and integrated social contracts theory. Which school ofthought do you think is most valid? Explain the reasons for your answer.8. Discuss briefly what is meant by the terms ethical universalism and ethical relativism. Where does integratedsocial contracts theory fit into the debate about ethical standards? Which of the three schools of thought stands on the strongest ground?9. Explain the difference between an immoral manager and an amoral manager. Which type is more representativeof the managerial population?10. Identify and briefly explain the three categories of management morality.11. What are the chief causes of unethical strategies and unethical business behavior?12. Identify and briefly describe the three main drivers of unethical strategies and unethical managerial and businessbehavior.13. What is the case for why business strategies should be ethical?14. Identify the three types of business costs of ethical failures; provide examples for each type of cost.15. Identify and briefly describe any three of the four approaches to managing a company’s ethical conduct?16. Identify the four approaches to managing a company’s ethical conduct discussed in Chapter 9. Which of the fourdo you think makes the most sense? Why?17. Identify the five main types of actions which a company can choose from in crafting a social responsibilitystrategy?18. Explain how environmental sustainability strategies go about improving a company’s “Triople-P” performance—people, planet, and profit. Why is it important for strategy-makers to find points of intersection between society and the company’s ability to execute value chain activities or better serve customer needs?19. What is the essence of the moral case for why a company should engage in socially responsible actions andenvironmentally sustainable business practices?20. What is the essence of the business case for why a company should engage in socially responsible actions andenvironmentally sustainable business practices?Chapter 8 DIVERSIFICATION1. Identify and briefly discuss each of the three options for entering new businesses. Which one is the most popularin the sense of being used most frequently?2. Carefully explain the difference between a strategy of related diversification and a strategy of unrelateddiversification.3. Which is the better approach to diversification—a strategy of related diversification or a strategy of unrelateddiversification? Explain and support your answer.4. What is meant by the term strategic fit? What are the advantages of pursuing strategic fit in choosing whichindustries to diversify into?5. Discuss the pros and cons of a strategy of unrelated diversification.6. Identify and briefly describe the six steps involved in evaluating a diversified company's business lineup anddiversification strategy.7. What does the industry attractiveness test evaluate a diversified company's business lineup? Why is it relevant?8. What is the relevance of quantitatively measuring the competitive strength of each business in a diversifiedcompany's business portfolio and determining which business units are strongest and weakest?9. Briefly explain what is meant by resource fit9. What are the advantages and benefits of using an industry attractive-business strength matrix to evaluate adiversified company's lineup of businesses?10. What is meant by the term resource fit as it applies to evaluating a diversified company’s business lineup?11. Explain the difference between a cash cow business and a cash hog business.12. Shareholder interests are generally best served by concentrating corporate resources on businesses that cancontend for market leadership. True or false? Explain your answer.13. Why is it pertinent in evaluating a div ersified company's business lineup to rank a diversified company’sbusinesses on the basis of their future performance prospects?14. Once a company has diversified into a collection of related or unrelated businesses and concludes that somestrategy adjustments are needed, what are the five main strategic alternatives that it can employ to improve the performance of its overall business lineup?15. Under what circumstances might an already diversified company chose to enter additional businesses andbroaden its diversification base?16. Under what circumstances might a diversified firm choose to divest one of its businesses?17. Under what circumstances might an already diversified company chose to pursue corporate restructuring?18. Identify and briefly describe at least four types of competitive advantages that can accrue to a multinationalcorporation pursuing related diversification.19. A strategy of multinational diversification contains more built-in competitive advantage potential (above andbeyond what is achievable through a particular business’s own competitive strategy) than any other diversification strategy. True or false? Explain and support your answer.Chapter 10: Building the Organization1. Who is involved in the strategy execution process and who is ultimately responsible for making sure that the taskof implementing and executing strategy goes well?2. What are the eight principal managerial components of the strategy-implementing/strategy-executing process?3. Identify and briefly discuss the three facets of building an organization capable of proficient strategy execution.4. Identify and briefly discuss four of the recommended practices companies have used to recruit and retain the bestemployees.5. Identify and briefly discuss the three stages involved in building core competencies and capabilities.6. Describe at least 3 traits or characteristics of a core competence—where in an organization can a corecompetence be found & what is involved in building & strengthening a core competence. Give three examples of core competence.7. Explain what is involved in building an organization capability? What steps are required? How much time does ittake? How hard is it? Support your answer.8. Building competitively valuable core competencies, resource strengths, and organizational capabilities can be afruitful avenue to achieving sustainable competitive advantage. True or false? Explain.9. When it proves infeasible to outcompete rivals by crafting a superior strategy, the next best avenue to beatingthem out for industry leadership is to outexecute them—that is, beat them with superior strategy execution. True or false? Explain.10. Identify and briefly discuss/explain three of the five c omponents of structuring a company’s work effort to promotesuccessful strategy execution.11. What are the advantages of outsourcing non-critical and sometimes even critical value chain activities?12. Explain the difference between a centralized and a decentralized organization structure. Which one is more likelyto further the cause of good strategy execution? Why?13. A decentralized organization structure is more likely to further the cause of good strategy execution than is acentralized organization structure. True or false? Justify your answer.14. Identify and discuss the basic tenets, the chief advantages, and the chief disadvantages of centralizedorganizational structures.15. Identify and discuss the basic tenets, the chief advantages, and the chief disadvantages of decentralizedorganizational structures.16. What is meant by empowerment of employees? How does it differ from delegation of authority? In what wayscan empowerment of employees aid the cause of good strategy execution?Below is given annual work summary, do not need friends can download after editor deleted Welcome to visit againXXXX annual work summaryDear every leader, colleagues:Look back end of XXXX, XXXX years of work, have the joy of success in your work, have a collaboration with colleagues, working hard, also have disappointed when encountered difficulties and setbacks. Imperceptible in tense and orderly to be over a year, a year, under the loving care and guidance of the leadership of the company, under the support and help of colleagues, through their own efforts, various aspects have made certain progress, better to complete the job. For better work, sum up experience and lessons, will now work a brief summary.To continuously strengthen learning, improve their comprehensive quality. With good comprehensive quality is the precondition of completes the labor of duty and conditions. A year always put learning in the important position, trying to improve their comprehensive quality. Continuous learning professional skills, learn from surrounding colleagues with rich work experience, equip themselves with knowledge, the expanded aspect of knowledge, efforts to improve their comprehensive quality.The second Do best, strictly perform their responsibilities. Set up the company, to maximize the customer to the satisfaction of the company's products, do a good job in technical services and product promotion to the company. And collected on the properties of the products of the company, in order to make improvement in time, make the products better meet the using demand of the scene.Three to learn to be good at communication, coordinating assistance. On‐site technical service personnel should not only have strong professional technology, should also have good communication ability, a lot of a product due to improper operation to appear problem, but often not customers reflect the quality of no, so this time we need to find out the crux, and customer communication, standardized operation, to avoid customer's mistrust of the products and even the damage of the company's image. Some experiences in the past work, mentality is very important in the work, work to have passion, keep the smile of sunshine, can close the distance between people, easy to communicate with the customer. Do better in the daily work to communicate with customers and achieve customer satisfaction, excellent technical service every time, on behalf of the customer on our products much a understanding and trust.Fourth, we need to continue to learn professional knowledge, do practical grasp skilled operation. Over the past year, through continuous learning and fumble, studied the gas generation, collection and methods, gradually familiar with and master the company introduced the working principle, operation method of gas machine. With the help of the department leaders and colleagues, familiar with and master the launch of the division principle, debugging method of the control system, and to wuhan Chen Guchong garbage power plant of gas machine control system transformation, learn to debug, accumulated some experience. All in all, over the past year, did some work, have also made some achievements, but the results can only represent the past, there are some problems to work, can't meet the higher requirements. In the future work, I must develop the oneself advantage, lack of correct, foster strengths and circumvent weaknesses, for greater achievements. Looking forward to XXXX years of work, I'll be more efforts, constant progress in their jobs, make greater achievements. Every year I have progress, the growth of believe will get greater returns, I will my biggest contribution to the development of the company,Chapter 11: Five More Executing Strategy Elements1. What is the role of budgets and resource allocation in successfully implementing and executing strategy? Whydoes a company's budget need to be closely linked to the needs of good strategy execution?2. Identify and describe two ways that policies and procedures aid the task of implementing and executing strategy?3. What is the value of total quality management from a strategy-executing standpoint? How does TQM differ frombusiness process reengineering?4. Explain what Six Sigma quality control programs are all about and how their use can contribute to a company’sstrategy execution effort.5. What is the difference between Six Sigma DMAIC programs and Six Sigma DMADV programs?6. What three principles underlie the statistical thinking of Six Sigma quality control programs?7. Discuss how the Six Sigma process of define, measure, analyze, improve, and control (DMAIC) works. What isthe logic underlying the DMAIC process?8. While Six Sigma programs often improve the efficiency of many operating activities and processes, there isevidence that innovation can be stifled by Six Sigma programs. True or false? Explain.9. What action steps can managers take to build a total quality culture and instill a strong commitment tocontinuously improving how strategy is being executed?10. Give three examples of support systems that a company can install to support the execution of its strategy.11. Discuss the type of control mechanisms that managers can use to monitor the performance of empoweredemployees.12. The use of incentives and rewards is the single most powerful tool at management's disposal to win strongemployee commitment to carrying out the strategic plan. True or false? Explain.13. Give at least 3 non-monetary examples of motivation and rewards practices that have the capability to foster goodstrategy execution and explain how they act to produce such a result.14. Why does it make sense to create some job anxiety, insecurity, and stress as part of a company's motivationaland reward scheme for promoting competent strategy execution?15. Discuss why it is generally undesirable for approaches to motivation, compensation, & people management toavoid the use of negative consequences or punishment if performance targets are not achieved or if particularpeople are habitual underperformers & why striking a balance between rewards & punishment may work better.16. Focusing jobholders’ attention and energy on what to do as opposed to what to achieve makes the workenvironment results-oriented. True or false? Explain your answer.17. In creating a strategy-supportive reward structure, it is important to define jobs and assignments in terms of theresults to be accomplished not just in terms of the duties to be performed. True or false? Explain/justify answer.18. Identify at least 5 guidelines for creating an incentive compensation system that will help drive successful strategyexecution.Chapter 12: Culture & Leadership1. What is meant by the term corporate culture? Why is corporate culture an important factor in implementing andexecuting strategy?2. Identify and briefly discuss four key features that can be used to describe the corporate culture of a company.3. The core of a company’s corporate culture is a shared commitment to achieve the firm's strategic and financialobjectives. True or false? Justify your answer.4. After a company’s corporate culture is establ ished, what are four approaches that can be used to perpetuate theculture?5. How can one tell whether a company has a strong or a weak corporate culture?6. What are the characteristics of unhealthy cultures?7. Briefly identify 3 types of unhealthy corporate cultures.8. What are the distinctive features of high-performance corporate cultures?9. What are the distinctive features of adaptive corporate cultures?10. What are the benefits of a tight culture-strategy matchup?11. The single most visible factor that distinguishes successful culture-change efforts from failed attempts iscompetent leadership at the top. True or false? Explain and justify your answer.12. Identify and briefly discuss four steps that managers can take to change a culture that is out of step with thecompany’s strategy.13. Give two examples of “symbolic” culture-changing actions and two examples of “substantive” culture-changingactions.14. What is the difference between a code of ethics and a values statement? Discuss the different things that arecovered in each.15. What are the roles of a company’s CEO in leading the effort to operate the company’s business in an ethicallyprincipled fashion?16. Values and ethical standards not only must be explicitly stated but they also must be deeply ingrained into thecorporate culture. True or false? Explain.17. To ensure the proficient implementation of strategy in an organization, top-level executives can best achieve thisby delegating authority to middle and lower-level managers and by creating a sense of empowerment among employees. True or false? Explain and justify your answer.18. What are the two things involved in the leadership challenge to consistently achieve good strategy execution?。
MIS简答题解读
MIS简答题解读MIS简答题Chapter1SHORT-ANSWER QUESTIONS (p. 33)1.What is the relationship between management information systems (MIS) andinformation technology (IT)?ANSWER:MIS is a broad business function and the study of the use of IT.IT is a set of tools and a resource within MIS.2.What four steps should an organization follow in determining which technologiesto use?ANSWER:The four steps are: (1) assess the state of competition and industry pressures, (2) determine business strategies, (3) identify important businessprocesses, and (4) align technology tools with the business processes.3.What is the relationship between data, information, business intelligence (BI), andknowledge?ANSWER:Each build on the previous. Data are raw facts, while information is data that has meaning. Business intelligence is collectiveinformation that gives you the ability to make strategic business decisions.Finally, knowledge is a broad term that can encompass BI context, how to affect BI, patents and trademarks, and organizational know-how.4.How does the granularity of information change as it moves from lower to upperorganizational levels?ANSWER:At the lowest levels, information granularity is very fine because people need tremendous detail to perform their jobs. As information moves up through the organization, it becomes more coarse because people don’t need as much detail but rather aggregations of information.5.What is the difference between a technology-literate knowledge worker and aninformation-literate knowledge worker?ANSWER: A technology-literate knowledge worker knows how and when to apply technology; that is, he/she understands the value and role of technology.An information-literate knowledge worker knows all about information; that is, he/she understands the value and role of information.6.How do ethics differ from laws?ANSWER:Laws either clearly require or prohibit an action. Ethics are more subjective, more a matter of personal or cultural interpretation.17.What role does the Five Forces Model play?ANSWER:Porter’s Five Forces Model helps business people understand the relative attractiveness of an industry and the industry’s competitive pressures in terms of buyer power, supplier power, threat of substitute products or services, threat of new entrants, and rivalry among existing competitors.8.Why are competitive advantages never permanent?ANSWER:Once an organization creates a competitiveadvantage, allcompetitors move to offer similar or even better competitive advantages, thus nullifying the competitive advantage of the first organization.9.What are the three generic strategies according to Michael Porter?ANSWER:The three generic strategies according to Michael Porter are:overall cost leadership, differentiation, and focus.10.How are Porter’s three generic strategies, an above-the-line versus abelow-the-line approach, and the RGT framework similar?ANSWER:They are similar as follows: (1) run = overall cost leadership =bottom line, (2) grow = focus and differentiation = top line, and (3) transform = (new) differentiation = top line (when the focus is innovation).11.What is the role of value-chain analysis?ANSWER:Value-chain analysis is a systematic approach to assessing and improving the value of business processes within your organization to further increase it competitive strengths. So, value-chain analysis helps you identify important business processes and how technology might help support them. Chapter2SHORT-ANSWER QUESTIONS (p. 59)1.Why is the traditional buy-hold-sell inventory model an expensive and potentiallyrisky one?ANSWER:The traditional inventory model requires that (1) you createinventory without a known demand, (2) you keep a lot of inventory throughout the supply chain, and (3) you sell off obsolete inventory at a very low price.2.What is the role of a supply chain management (SCM) system?ANSWER:The role of a supply chain management (SCM) system is tosupport supply chain management activities by automating the tracking ofinventory and information among business processes and across companies.23.How does SCM fit into Porter’s three generic strategies?ANSWER:SCM is most commonly associated with the overall cost leadership generic strategy.4.What are the typical functions in a CRM system?ANSWER:The typical functions in a CRM system include sales forceautomation, customer service and support, and marketing campaign management and analysis.5.How does CRM fit into the RGT framework?ANSWER:CRM is most commonly associated with growing the organization in the RGT framework.6.What is the difference between front office and back office systems?ANSWER: A front office system is the primary interface to a customer and a sales channel, while a back office system is used to fulfill and support customer orders.7.For what five things does e-collaboration provide support?ANSWER:E-collaboration supports (1) work activities withinintegratedcollaboration environments, (2) knowledge management with knowledgemanagement systems, (3) social networking with social networking systems, (4) learning with e-learning tools, and (5) informal collaboration to supportopen-source information.8.What is the difference between a social networking site anda social networkingsystem?ANSWER: A social networking site (e.g., Myspace) is a site on which you post information about yourself, create a network of friends, share content, and so on. A social networking system is an IT system that links you to people you know and, from there, to people your contacts know.9.What is open-source information?ANSWER:Open-source information is content that is publicly available (in a broad sense), free of charge, and most often updateable by anyone.10.What are the three most common ways in which the IT function can be placedwithin an organization?ANSWER:The three most common ways in which the IT functions can beplaced are: top-down silo, matrix, and fully integrated.311.How are the structuring of the IT function and the philosophical approach to ITinterrelated?ANSWER:They are interrelated in that the philosophicalapproach is mostoften implemented as a specific structure. Wait-and-see organizations tend to centralize the IT function in a top-down silo approach, while early IT adopters tend to disperse the IT function(i.e., either matrix or fully integrated).12.What is an enterprise resource planning (ERP) system?ANSWER:An ERP system is a collection of integrated software for business management, accounting, finance, HR, project and inventory management,supply chain, customer relationship management, e-collaboration, etc. Chapter3SHORT-ANSWER QUESTIONS (p. 90)1.What is business intelligence? Why it is more than just information?ANSWER:Business intelligence is knowledge –knowledge about your customers, your competitors, your partners, your competitive environment, and your own internal operations. It is more than just information because it combines various types of information to allow you to make better decisions and operate more productively.2.What is online transaction processing (OLTP)?ANSWER:OLTP is the gathering of input information, processing that information, and updating existing information to reflect the gathered and processed information.3.What is online analytical processing (OLAP)?ANSWER:Online analytical processing (OLAP)is the manipulation of information to support decision making. It differs from OLTP in that it does not process transactions but rather manipulates existing information to support the making of a decision.4.What is the most popular database model?ANSWER:The most popular database model is the relational database model.5.How are primary and foreign keys different?ANSWER: A primary key is a field that uniquely identifies a record in a relation of a database while a foreign key is a primary key of one file that appears in another file. So, primary keys must be unique in a given relation while4foreign keys do not have to be. They are the same in that both are used to enforce integrity constraints.6.What are the five software components of a database management system?ANSWER:The five important software components of a DBMS are (1) DBMS engine, (2) data definition subsystem, (3) data manipulation subsystem, (4) application generation subsystem, and (5) data administration subsystem.7.How are QBE tools and SQL similar? How are they different?ANSWER:QBE tools and SQL are similar in that they both give you the ability to create queries to find information in a database. They are different in that QBE tools provide a GUI interface while SQL requires that you create your query in statement form.8.What is a data warehouse? How does it differ from a database?ANSWER:The four types of information according to what information describes are internal, external, objective, and subjective.9.What are the four major types of data-mining tools?ANSWER:The four major types of data mining tools are intelligent agents, query-and-reporting tools, multidimensionalanalysis tools, and statistical tools. 10.What is a data mart? How is it similar to a data warehouse?ANSWER: A data mart is a subset of a data warehouse in which only a focused portion of the data warehoused information is kept.Chapter4SHORT-ANSWER QUESTIONS (p. 123)11.What are the four types of decision discussed in this chapter? Give an example ofeach.ANSWER: Nonrecurring, or ad hoc, decision is one that you make infrequently (perhaps only once) and you may even have different criteria for determining the best solution each time. A merger with another company is an example.Recurring decisions are decisions that you have to make repeatedly and often periodically, whether weekly, monthly, quarterly, or yearly. An example would be which route to take to go to work. Nonstructured decision is a decision for which there may be several “right” answers and there is no precise way to get a right answer. An example would be whether to change a company’s strategy.Structured decision is a decision where processing a certain kind of information in a specified way so that you will always get the right answer. An example would be deciding how much to pay employees. p. 95512.What are the four steps in making a decision?ANSWER:The four steps are intelligence, design, choice, and implementation.p. 9613.What is a DSS? Describe its components.?ANSWER: A decision support system (DSS)is a highly flexible and interactive IT system that is designed to support decision making when the problem is not structured. The components of a decision support system are the model management component, the data management component, and the user interface management component. p. 9814.What is a geographic information system used for?ANSWER: A geographic information system is used for any type of information that can be represented spatially. p. 10315.How is information represented in a geographic information system?ANSWER: A geographic information system represents information in overlapping layers. p. 103.16.What is artificial intelligence? Name the artificial intelligence systems usedwidely in business?ANSWER:Artificial intelligence(AI)is the science of making machines imitate human thinking and behavior. The types of artificial intelligence widely used in business are expert systems, neural networks, genetic algorithms, and intelligent agents. p. 10417.What are four advantages of an expert system?ANSWER:Four advantages would be their ability to handle large amounts of data; to reduce errors; to aggregate information from various sources; and to improve customer service. p. 10618.What sort of problems is an expert system used for?ANSWER:An expert system is used or diagnostic (what’s wrong?) and prescriptive (what to do?) types of problems. p. 10519.What sort of problem does a neural network solve?ANSWER: A neural network solves problems involving the recognition and differentiation of pattersn. p. 10820.What three concepts of evolution are used by the genetic algorithm?ANSWER:The three concepts are selection, mutation, and crossover.Selection is the feature of a genetic algorithm that give preference to better6outcomes. Mutation is a feature of a genetic algorithm; it’s the process of trying combinations and evaluating the success (or failure) of the outcome. Crossover is the feature of a genetic algorithm where portions of good outcomes are combined in the hope of creating an even better outcome. p. 11221.What are intelligent agents? What tasks can they perform?ANSWER:Intelligent agents are software that assists you, or act on your behalf, in performing repetitive computer-related tasks. They can find good deals on the Internet, monitor computer networks for failures, fill out forms, play computer games, and so on. p. 11312. What is a multi-agent system?ANSWER: A multi-agent system is a group of intelligent agents that each has the ability to work independently and to interact with others. p. 11613. What do monitoring-and-surveillance agents do?ANSWER:Monitoring-and-surveillance agents(or predictive agents) are intelligent agents that observe and report on equipment. p. 114Chapter5SHORT-ANSWER QUESTIONS (p. 155)1.What is electronic commerce?ANSWER:Electronic commerce is commerce, but it is commerce accelerated and enhanced by IT, in particular the Internet.2.How can use you a B2B e-marketplace to reduce your dependency on a particularsupplier?ANSWER:You can use a B2B e-marketplace to find other suppliers and also participate in reverse auctions to find the best supplier with the best price.3.How do convenience and specialty items differ in the B2C e-commerce businessmodel?ANSWER:Convenience items are lower-priced but something needed on a frequent basis. Specialty items are higher-priced, ordered on a less frequentbasis, and often require customization.4.Why do commoditylike and digital items sell well in the B2C e-commercebusiness model?ANSWER:Commoditylike items work well because they are the same nomatter where you buy them. Digital products work well because there is no real associated shipping or storage costs.75.What is mass customization?ANSWER:Mass customization is the ability of an organization to give itscustomers the opportunity to tailor its product or service to the customer’sspecifications.6.How does a reverse auction work?ANSWER:In a reverse auction, you place a request for products and/orservices and suppliers continually submit lower bids until there is only onesupplier left.7.How are vertical and horizontal e-marketplaces different?ANSWER:Vertical e-marketplaces connect buyers and sellers in a givenindustry while horizontal e-marketplaces connect buyers and sellers across many industries.8.What can a marketing mix include for a B2C e-commerce business?ANSWER: A marketing mix for a B2C business can include registering with search engines, online ads, viral marketing, and affiliate programs.9.What are the major types of B2C e-commerce payment systems?ANSWER:The major types of B2C e-commerce payment systems includecredit cards, smart cards, financial cybermediaries, electronic checks, andElectronic Bill Presentment and Payment.10.What is the difference between a client-side digital wallet and a server-side digitalwallet?ANSWER:You keep a client-side digital wallet on your personal computerwhile a server-side digital wallet is stored on a Web server.11.How are Secure Sockets Layers (SSLs) and Secure Electronic Transactions (SETs)different? How are they the same?ANSWER:SSLs and SETs are different in that SETs also provide amechanism for ensuring the legitimacy of the user of the payment device. They are both the same in that they create a secure connection between the client and the server computers.Chapter6SHORT-ANSWER QUESTIONS (p. 189)1.What are the three primary groups of people who undertake the systemsdevelopment process?8ANSWER:The three primary groups of people who undertake the systems development process are in-house IT specialists (insourcing), end users (selfsourcing), and another organization (outsourcing).2.What is the systems development life cycle?ANSWER:The SDLC is a structured step-by-step approach for developing information systems.3.What are scope creep and feature creep?ANSWER:Scope creep occurs when the scope of the project increases beyond its original intentions. Feature creep occurs when developers (and end users) add extra features that were not part of the initial requirements.4.How do the four implementation methods differ?ANSWER:Parallel implementation uses both the old and new systems until the new system is verified. Plunge implementation immediately ceases using the old system and begins using thenew system. Pilot implementation converts only a group of users until the new system is verified. Phased implementation converts only a portion of the system until it can be verified.5.What is component-based development?ANSWER:Component-based development is a general approach to systems development that focuses on building small self-contained b locks of code (components) that can be reused across a variety of applications within an organization.6.How are component-based development and a service-oriented architecturerelated?ANSWER:Component-based development is a technical implementation of a service-oriented architecture (SoA). An SoA is a holistic perspective of how an organization views and treats resources such as information and technology.7.Why do organizations prototype?ANSWER:Organizations prototype for a variety of reasons: (1) to gather requirements, (2) to help determine requirements, (3) to prove that a system is technically feasible, and (4) to sell the idea of a proposed system.8.What are the advantages of selfsourcing?ANSWER:The advantages of selfsourcing are many including: improving requirements determination, increasing end user participation and sense of ownership, increasing speed of systems development, and reducing the invisible backlog.99.What is the difference between a selling prototype and a proof-of-conceptprototype?ANSWER: A selling prototype is used to convince people ofthe worth of a proposed system while a proof-of-concept prototype is used to prove the technical feasibility of a proposed system.10.What is the role of a service level agreement (SLA) in outsourcing?ANSWER: A service level agreement in outsourcing defines the work to be done, the time frame, the metrics that will be used to measure the success of the systems development effort, and the costs.11.What are the three geopolitical forms of outsourcing?ANSWER:The three geopolitical forms of outsourcing include onshore outsourcing, nearshore outsourcing, and offshore outsourcing.Chapter7SHORT-ANSWER QUESTIONS (p. 220)1.How can a service-oriented architecture (SoA) be used to guide the organizationof the future?ANSWER: A service-oriented architecture (SoA) can guide the organization of the future by enabling it to respond more adeptly to customers, end users,software development, information needs, and hardware requirements.2.How have ERP systems evolved over the last 30 years?ANSWER: ERP starts in the 1970s as basic material requirements planningsystems. They then moved into an MRP II stage in which decision support and executive support capabilities were added. In the early 1990s, financials and accounting functions were integrated. T oday finally, they are called ERP II, a completeintegration of resource planning driven by customer relationship management and supply chain management activities.3.Why is interoperability important?ANSWER:Interoperability provides the capability for two or more computing components to share information and other resources, even if they are made by different manufacturers.4.What are the main differences between a decentralized infrastructure and acentralized infrastructure?ANSWER: A decentralized infrastructure involves little or no sharing of IT and IT-related resources, while a centralized infrastructure involves the complete10sharing of IT and IT-related resources (albeit from one centrally-controllocation).5.How does a client/server infrastructure work?ANSWER: A client/server network works by having one or more computers that are servers provide services to other computers, called clients.6.What are the four types of a tiered infrastructures?ANSWER: The four types of tiered infrastructures are 1-tier (presentation), 2-tier (application), 3-tier (data), and n-tier (business logic).7.How do efficiency and effectiveness metrics differ?ANSWER:Efficiency focuses on doing something right, such as reducing time or number of errors, while effectiveness focuses on doing the right things, such as making the right decisions.8.What are some commonly used infrastructure-centric metrics?ANSWER: Commonly used infrastructure-centric metrics include throughput, transaction speed, system availability, accuracy, response time, and scalability. 9.What are some commonly used Web-centric metrics?ANSWER: Commonly used Web-centric metrics include unique visitors, total hits, page exposures, conversion rate, click-through, cost-per-thousand,abandoned registrations, and abandoned shopping carts.10.Why are service level agreements important when contracting the services of anapplication service provider (ASP)?ANSWER: A service level agreement (SLA) would provide the quantifiablemeasures by which the ASP must provide services.11.What is a business continuity plan?ANSWER: A business continuity plan is a step-by-step guideline defining how the organization will recover from a disaster or extended disruption of itsbusiness processes.12.Why do organizations implement a disaster recovery plan before testing it?ANSWER: Organizations implement a disaster recovery plan before testing it because organization cannot test their disaster recovery plans until the plan isimplemented.11。
22年06月大学英语四级考试真题听力
22年06月大学英语四级考试真题听力全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇122 June College English Test Band 4 Exam Listening ComprehensionSection A: Short Conversations1. M: Have you seen my keys anywhere?W: I think I saw them on the kitchen table earlier. Have you checked there?2. M: Are you going to the concert tonight?W: No, I have too much homework to do. I'll have to pass this time.3. M: How was your trip to Japan?W: It was amazing! The food, the culture, everything was just fantastic.4. M: Do you want to go out for lunch?W: I would love to, but I have a meeting at 1 pm. How about dinner instead?5. M: Why are you selling your car?W: I'm moving to a city where I won't need a car. It's more convenient to use public transportation.Section B: Long Conversations1. W: Hello, this is Linda. I'm calling to inquire about the vacancy for the marketing assistant position.M: Hi, Linda. Yes, we are still accepting applications for that position. Have you sent in your resume yet?2. M: Can I have the bill, please?W: Sure thing. Here you go. And would you like to pay with cash or card?M: Card, please.3. W: I heard you're planning a trip to Europe. When are you leaving?M: Yes, I'm leaving next month. I'm so excited to explore new countries and cultures.4. M: This coffee is delicious. What brand is it?W: It's a local brand called Brew & Blend. They roast their beans fresh every day.5. W: How was your interview for the internship?M: It went well. They seemed impressed with my qualifications. I hope I get the job.This document serves as a sample of the listening comprehension section of the College English Test Band 4 exam for 22nd June. The questions cover a range of topics and scenarios to test the candidates' ability to understand spoken English in various everyday situations. Candidates are required to listen carefully and answer the questions based on the information provided in the audio recordings.篇2The June 2022 CET-4 listening test was conducted smoothly and efficiently, with a variety of interesting and challenging questions that tested students' ability to comprehend spoken English in different contexts. The test consisted of four sections, each with a different set of questions designed to assess different aspects of listening skills.In the first section, students listened to a conversation between two people discussing a topic related to everyday life, such as making plans to meet up or talking about a recent event. This section tested students' ability to understand informalspoken English and pick out key information from a conversation.The second section focused on academic or educational topics, such as a lecture or a discussion in a classroom setting. This section required students to listen carefully to the speaker's main points and grasp the key information being presented.The third section included a news report or a radio program, where students had to listen to a more formal style of spoken English and extract important details from a news story or current events discussion.The final section of the test featured a discussion or debate between multiple speakers on a controversial topic. This section tested students' ability to follow a more complex conversation with multiple speakers and understand different viewpoints on a particular issue.Overall, the June 2022 CET-4 listening test provided students with a well-rounded assessment of their listening skills in a variety of contexts. By listening to different types of spoken English and practicing their listening comprehension skills, students were able to improve their ability to understand and engage with English in real-life situations.The listening test is an important component of the CET-4 exam, as it assesses students' ability to understand spoken English and demonstrates their proficiency in listening comprehension. By preparing for the listening test and practicing their listening skills regularly, students can improve their chances of success on the exam and develop their overall proficiency in English.篇3Title: June 2022 College English Test (CET) Listening SectionIntroduction:The College English Test (CET) is an important examination for English learners in China. The listening section of the exam assesses students' ability to understand spoken English in various contexts. In June 2022, the CET listening section featured a range of topics and question types to challenge test-takers.Section 1: Multiple Choice QuestionsThe first part of the listening section included multiple choice questions based on short conversations and monologues. Test-takers had to listen carefully to understand the main idea, details, and opinions expressed in the audio clips. Questionsranged from identifying specific information to determining the speaker's attitude or intention.Section 2: Sentence CompletionIn this section, students were required to complete sentences based on the information provided in the audio clips. This task tested their ability to listen for key words and phrases to fill in the blanks accurately. The sentences covered a variety of topics, such as travel, education, and technology, to assess students' vocabulary and grammar knowledge.Section 3: Short Answer QuestionsThe final part of the listening section featured short answer questions that required test-takers to provide brief responses based on the audio clips. These questions tested students' ability to listen for specific details, such as names, dates, locations, and reasons. Test-takers had to write down their answers in clear and concise language to demonstrate their comprehension skills.Conclusion:The June 2022 CET listening section challenged students with a variety of question types and topics to assess their listening comprehension skills. By listening attentively and practicing regularly, test-takers can improve their performanceon the exam and achieve success in their English language learning journey.。
Short Answer Questions
Short Answer Questions (15 minutes)Directions: In this part there is a short passage with five questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.Researchers have established that when people are mentally engaged, biochemical changes occur in the brain that allow it to act more effectively in cognitive areas such as attention and memory. This is true regardless of age.People will be alert and receptive if they are faced with information that gets them to think about things they are interested in. And someone with a history of doing more rather than less will go into old age more cognitively sound than someone who has not had an active mind.Many experts are so convinced of the benefits of challenging the brain that they are putting the theory to work in their own lives. “The idea is not necessary to learn to memorize enormous amounts of information,”says James Fozard, associate director of the National Institute on Aging. “Most of us don’t need that kind of skill. Such specific training is of less interest than being able to maintain mental alertness.” Fozard and others say they challenge their brains with different mental skills, both because they enjoy them and because they are sure that their range of activities will help the way their brains work.Gene Cohen, acting director of the same institute, suggests that people in their old age should engage in mental and physical activities individually as well as in groups. Cohen says that we are frequently advised to keep physically active as we age, but older people need to keep mentally active as well. Those who do are more likely to maintain their intellectual abilities and to be generally happier a nd better adjusted. “The point is, you need to do both,” Cohen says. “Intellectual activity actually infl uences brain-cell health and size.”Questions: (注意：答题尽量简短，超过10个词要扣分)。
新视野大学英语(第三版)读写教程BookIII-Unit2
2. Did you have a fear of something before? If so, how did you overcome it?
Things that you might fear: Darkness, loneliness, flying, snakes or spider, etc. Suggestions on how to overcome fears: 1. Analyze your fear and have a clear picture of what your fear is. 2. Take control of your fear. Try to expose yourself to your fear and face it, then control it.
Tips
Pre-reading activities
Listen and talk
1. By whom is Jack’s problem solved? How?
Jack’s problem is solved by a carpenter. He told Jack to cut the legs off the bed. And then Jack was certain that nobody was sleeping under it when he got into bed.
Listen and talk
2. Listen to the story again and answer the following questions.
1. By whom is Jack’s problem solved? How?
Tips
2. Did you have a fear of something before? If so, how did you overcome it?
U校园新标准大学英语(第二版)综合2Unit-2-College-culture-Unit-test
U校园新标准大学英语(第二版)综合2 Unit 2: College CultureUnit TestIntroductionThe U校园新标准大学英语 (第二版) 综合2 Unit 2: College Culture Unit Test is designed to assess students’ understanding of the topic of college culture. This test aims to evaluate students’ knowledge of college life, including the importance of campus activities, cultural differences between colleges, and the benefits of extracurricular activities.Test ContentSection 1: Multiple Choice Questions1.Which of the following is NOT a characteristic ofcollege culture?a)Diverse student bodyb)Academic freedomc)Limited extracurricular activitiesd)Intellectual exploration2.Campus activities are important because they:a)Help students make friendsb)Provide opportunities for personal growthc)Enhance student academic performanced)All of the above3.Cultural differences between colleges can include:a)Types of sports offeredb)Social events and traditionsc)Academic majors availabled)All of the aboveSection 2: Short Answer Questions two benefits of participating inextracurricular activities.2.Explain why campus organizations and clubs areimportant for college students.Section 3: Essay QuestionDiscuss the importance of college culture in shaping students’ personal and academic development. Provide examples and support your answer.Test Guidelines1.This test is to be completed individually during theallocated time period.2.Read each question carefully and choose the bestanswer or provide a thoughtful response.3.For multiple-choice questions, mark your selectedoption on the answer sheet.4.For short answer questions, write your answersclearly in the provided space.5.For the essay question, write a well-structured essaywith an introduction, body paragraphs, and a conclusion.e supporting examples and relevant informationto substantiate your arguments.7.The total duration of the test is 60 minutes.ConclusionThe U校园新标准大学英语 (第二版) 综合2 Unit 2: College Culture Unit Test serves as a comprehensive assessment tool to evaluate students’ knowledge and understanding of college culture. By testing students on various aspects of college life, this test aims to encourage students to reflect on the importance of campus activities and their impact on personal and academic development.。
全国医护英语二级医药类考试真题
全国医护英语二级医药类考试真题全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1National Nursing English Level Two Pharmaceutics ExaminationIntroductionThe National Nursing English Level Two Pharmaceutics Examination is a comprehensive test designed for nurses and medical professionals in China who work in the pharmaceutical industry. The exam covers various aspects of pharmaceutics, including drug development, pharmacology, and medication management. It aims to assess the knowledge and skills of candidates in these areas and ensure that they meet the required standards to provide safe and effective pharmaceutical care to patients.Format of the ExamThe exam consists of multiple-choice questions, short answer questions, and case studies. It is divided into three sections: basic knowledge of pharmaceutics, practical skills inpharmaceutical care, and case analysis. The duration of the exam is three hours.Sample Questions1. What is the process of drug development?A. Preclinical researchB. Clinical trialsC. Regulatory approvalD. All of the aboveAnswer: D. All of the above2. What is the role of a pharmacist in medication management?A. Dispensing medicationsB. Counseling patients on medication useC. Monitoring medication outcomesD. All of the aboveAnswer: D. All of the above3. Case Study:A 65-year-old female patient with hypertension is prescribed a new medication. She complains of dizziness and nausea after taking the first dose. What should the nurse do?A. Discontinue the medication immediatelyB. Monitor the patient's symptoms and inform the prescribing physicianC. Administer an antiemetic to relieve the nauseaD. None of the aboveAnswer: B. Monitor the patient's symptoms and inform the prescribing physicianPreparation TipsTo prepare for the National Nursing English Level Two Pharmaceutics Examination, candidates should focus on studying the following topics:- Drug development process- Pharmacology- Medication management- Pharmaceutical calculations- Adverse drug reactions and drug interactions- Pharmaceutical regulations and standardsCandidates should also practice solving sample questions and case studies to improve their critical thinking and problem-solving skills. Time management is crucial during the exam, so candidates should practice answering questions within the allocated time limit.ConclusionThe National Nursing English Level Two Pharmaceutics Examination is an important assessment for nurses and medical professionals working in the pharmaceutical industry in China. By preparing thoroughly and mastering the required knowledge and skills, candidates can successfully pass the exam and demonstrate their competence in providing safe and effective pharmaceutical care to patients. Good luck to all the candidates preparing for the exam!篇2National Medical English Level 2 Pharmacy Exam Sample QuestionsPart I: Multiple Choice Questions1. Which of the following is NOT a common side effect of the medication?A. HeadacheB. NauseaC. DizzinessD. Increased blood pressure2. What is the correct dosage for a 70 kg adult patient for the medication with a recommended dose of 0.1 mg/kg?A. 5 mgB. 7 mgC. 10 mgD. 15 mg3. Which of the following drugs is classified as abeta-blocker?A. LisinoprilB. MetoprololC. AmlodipineD. Losartan4. What is the mechanism of action of a proton pump inhibitor?A. Inhibits histamine receptorsB. Reduces gastric acid productionC. Stimulates insulin secretionD. Blocks sodium channels5. Which of the following antibiotics is NOT a penicillin derivative?A. AmoxicillinB. CephalexinC. AmpicillinD. Penicillin VPart II: Short Answer Questions6. Describe the difference between a brand name drug and its generic version.7. Discuss the potential drug interactions of a patient taking warfarin.8. Explain the role of a pharmacy technician in a hospital setting.9. What is the difference between an over-the-counter medication and a prescription medication?10. Discuss the importance of patient counseling in a pharmacy setting.Part III: Practical Skills11. Calculate the days' supply for a prescription that says: "Take 1 tablet twice daily for 10 days."12. Compound a 2% hydrocortisone cream using the ingredients provided.13. Identify the drug interactions and contraindications for a patient taking aspirin, clopidogrel, and omeprazole.14. Counsel a patient on the proper use of an inhaler device.15. Interpret a prescription order written for a patient with the following information: "albuterol sulfate 2.5 mg nebulizer solution, 0.5 mL every 4 hours as needed for wheezing."These questions are designed to test your knowledge and skills in the field of pharmacy. Good luck on the exam!篇3National Medical English Level 2 Pharmaceutical ExaminationSection A: Reading Comprehension1. Read the following passage and answer the questions below:Pharmacists play a crucial role in ensuring the safe and effective use of medications. They work closely with healthcare professionals and patients to provide advice on the proper use of medications, ensure drug interactions are minimized, and monitor for any adverse effects. Pharmacists also play a role in educating patients on how to take their medications properly and how to manage any side effects that may occur.Questions:a) What is the main role of pharmacists?b) What are some of the responsibilities of pharmacists?c) Why is it important for pharmacists to educate patients on medication use?2. Read the following prescription label and answer the questions below:Prescription: Amoxicillin 500mgDirections: Take one tablet by mouth every 8 hours for 7 days.Quantity: 21 tabletsRefills: NoneQuestions:a) What is the name of the medication?b) What is the dosage of the medication?c) How many tablets should the patient take in total?Section B: Listening ComprehensionListen to the following conversation between a pharmacist and a patient and answer the questions below:Pharmacist: Good morning, how can I help you today?Patient: Hi, I was prescribed a new medication by my doctor, but I'm not sure how to take it.Pharmacist: Sure, let me take a look at the prescription. What medication were you prescribed?Patient: It's called Lisinopril for my high blood pressure.Pharmacist: Okay, Lisinopril is usually taken once a day. Did your doctor provide you with any specific instructions on how to take it?Patient: No, he just wrote down the name of the medication.Pharmacist: I see. You should take Lisinopril with a full glass of water, preferably at the same time every day. It's best to take it in the morning to ensure consistent blood pressure control.Patient: Thank you for the information. I appreciate your help.Questions:a) What medication was the patient prescribed?b) How often should the patient take Lisinopril?c) How should the patient take Lisinopril?Section C: WritingWrite a brief essay (200-300 words) on the importance of medication adherence for patient outcomes. Include the following points:- The impact of medication non-adherence on patient health- Strategies to improve medication adherence- The role of healthcare professionals in supporting medication adherenceRemember to use proper grammar and spelling in your essay.Overall, this exam is designed to test your knowledge of pharmaceutical practices and your ability to effectively communicate with patients and healthcare professionals in English. Good luck!。
公共英语三级-听力题(五)_真题-无答案
公共英语三级-听力题(五)(总分40,考试时间90分钟)Unit 1This section is designed to test your ability to understand spoken English. You will hear a selection of recorded materials and you must answer the questions that accompany them. There are TWO parts in this section, Part A and Part B.Remember, while you are doing the test, you should first put down your answers in your test booklet. At the end of the **prehension section, you will have 3 minutes to transfer your answers from your test booklet onto ANSWER SHEET 1.If you have any questions, you may raise your hand NOW as you will not be allowed to speak once the test has started.Now look at Part A in your test booklet.Part BYou will hear four dialogues or passages. Before listening to each one, you will have 5 seconds to read each of the questions, which accompany it. While listening, answer each question by choosing A, B, C or D. After listening, you will have 10 seconds to check your answer to each question. You will hear each piece ONL Y ONCE.Questions 18--21 are based on the following passage.【点此下载音频文件】1. which of the following is elected in the United States?A. President.B. Vice-president.C. The members of Congress.D. All of above.2. What do you know about the U.S. president?A. He is elected.B. He is the highest **mander.C. He is a public servant.D. All of above.3. what do government employees have to do to get their jobs?A. To pass examination.B. To serve the government.C. To win election.D. To serve the public.4. According to this passage, who is government employee?A. Shop-assistant.B. Teacher in a private school.C. Business man.D. Postman.Questions 14--17 are based on the following dialogue.【点此下载音频文件】5. Who is the woman?A. She is a teacher.B. She is a school registrar.C. She is a gardener.D. She is a student.6. What does a student usually need to do before taking the advanced sketching course?A. Get familiar with some professors who teach the sketching course.B. Write a book about sketches.C. Master some knowledge about art.D. Complete the prerequisite sketching course.7. what does the student give to Professor Weston?A. Some paintbrushes.B. A bouquet of flowers.C. Some drawing.D. A textbook.8. How does the student feel after talking with Professor Weston?A. Confused.B. Annoyed.C. Surprised.D. Encouraged.Questions 11--13 are based on the following passage.【点此下载音频文件】9. The plane makes a stop on its way to ItalyA. to refuel.B. to take some passengers aboard.C. to have a rest.D. to solve a mechanical problem.10. In Nick's opinion, why didn't his relatives meet him at the airport?A. They missed the flight.B. They were busy.C. Their car broke down.D. They were caught in the traffic.11. From the sentence "I know I'm in Italy. That's how they drive", we can infer that ______A. Nick missed his days in Italy a lot.B. Nick didn't want to stay in police car.C. New York police drive cars much the same way as Italian police.D. Nick didn't want to admit he's in New York.Questions 22--25 are based on the following passage.【点此下载音频文件】12. According to the passage, what happened in 1848?A. Gold was discovered.B. **munications were established.C. The first railroad **pleted.D. The Golden Gate Bridge was constructed.13. When did the city get the name San Francisco?A. In 1848.B. In 1862.C. In 1937.D. In 1776.14. What is the population of San Francisco today?A. Three million.B. Six million.C. Five million.D. Two million.15. How much did it cost to complete the construction of free groceries?A. 32 million dollars.B. 47 million dollars.C. 42 million dollars.D. 19 million dollars.Unit 2This section is designed to test your ability to understand spoken English. You will hear a selection of recorded materials and you must answer the questions that accompany them. There are TWO parts in this section, Part A and Part B.Remember, while you are doing the test, you should first put down your answers in your test booklet. At the end of the **prehension section, you will have 3 minutes to transfer your answers from your test booklet onto ANSWER SHEET 1.If you have any questions, you may raise your hand NOW as you will not be allowed to speak once the test has started.Now look at Part A in your test booklet.Part AYou will hear 10 short dialogues. For each dialogue, there is one question and four possible answers. Choose the correct answer--A, B, C or D, and mark it in your test booklet. You will have 15 seconds to answer the question and you will hear each dialogue ONL Y ONCE.【点此下载音频文件】16. What are these people doing?A. They are watching TV.B. They are listening to the radio.C. They are swimming in the channel.D. They are changing their news program.17. Who do you think the woman is talking to?A. A bus conductor.B. A clerk at the airport.C. A taxi driver.D. A clerk at the station.18. What are the man and woman talking about?A. Fashion.B. Music.C. A film.D. A book.19. What is the woman's profession?A. A waiter.B. A cook.C. A salesman.D. A shop assistant.20. What is Jim' reply?A. He knows Pro. King **e.B. He thinks Pro. King has checked in.C. He is sure that Pro. King has arrived.D. He doesn't know whether Pro. King has arrived.【点此下载音频文件】21. Where does the conversation most probably take place?A. In the library.B. In the theatre.C. In the cafeteria.D. In the post office.22. Why doesn't George eat his chocolate cake?A. He doesn't like it.B. He has a toothache.C. He wants to eat it later.D. He has some trouble with the cakes.23. What does the man mean?A. The appointment is not until tomorrow.B. The professor is waiting for their call.C. They should call the professor after the meeting.D. They should wait until the next day.24. When did Tom leave?A. At 10:00.B. At 10:30.C. At 11:00.D. At 11:30.25. What can we learn about Alice?A. She didn't go to the interview.B. She succeeded in the interview.C. She forgot about the interview.D. She was too nervous in the interview.Part BYou will hear four dialogues or passages. Before listening to each one, you will have 5 seconds to read each of the questions, which accompany it. While listening, answer each question by choosing A, B, C or D. After listening, you will have 10 seconds to check your answer to each question. You will hear each piece ONL Y ONCE.Questions 14--17 are based on the following dialogue.【点此下载音频文件】26. What are they discussing about?A. Sunday plans.B. Summer vacation.C. Winter vacation.D. Holiday.27. What do they decide to do at last?A. To play football.B. To climb mountains.C. To sing in a get-together.D. To have a picnic.28. Where will they have a picnic?A. In the forest.B. In a restaurant.C. In the countryside.D. On campus.29. What doesn't the woman like doing?A. Playing football.B. Climbing mountains.C. Singing with the guitar.D. Having picnics.Questions 22--35 are based on the following passage.【点此下载音频文件】30. What is the chief occupation of most people in Kansas?A. Mining.B. Running railroads.C. Farming.D. Manufacturing.31. How can Kansas be best described?A. It is a large state with a large population.B. The state is large, but the population is small.C. The state is small and it has few people.D. Its sparse population inhabits 50,000 acres.32. What did the early pioneers think about Kansas?A. They like the rich soil.B. They found slave labor too expensive.C. They thought there was gold in western Kansas.D. They considered the land unproductive.33. what is the probable reason why the population in Kansas began to grow?A. Its attitude towards slavery.B. Its cheap land.C. It has climate suitable for farming.D. Its advanced railroad system.Questions 18--21 are based on the following passage.【点此下载音频文件】34. How do the housewives learn about the offer of free groceries?A. On the radio.B. At the supermarket.C. From the manager.D. From their friends.35. What did Mrs. Edwards want very much?A. Get a basket of free goods.B. Meet the manager.C. Get a free basket.D. Fill all her cupboards.36. Why did Mrs. Edward go back to the supermarket after she had finished shopping one day?A. Because she had to meet the manager.B. Because she had to buy one more thing.C. Because she had to find her shopping.D. Because she had to pay for her shopping.37. Which of the following words best describes Mr. Edwards' feeling at the end of this story?A. Embarrassed.B. Disappointed.C. Delighted.D. Proud.Questions 11--13 are based on the following passage.【点此下载音频文件】38. How many languages are spoken in the world today?A. 4,500.B. 4,000.C. 3,500.D. 3,000.39. What do we learn about the Indo-European language family?A. It is the largest language family.B. It was originated 4,900 years ago.C. It contains all the languages spoken in Europe.D. Many of the present-day European and Indian languages are modern forms of it.40. What is the passage mainly about?A. How people' interest in languages began.B. Languages today and the past.C. The important language families.D. The English languages in constant change.。
新视野大学英语(第三版)读写教程Section A-Reflections of a Chinese mother in the West
• To obey his parents; • Obedience is the most important quality; • To feel extremely happy if parents have such an obedient kid.
Pre-reading activities
Contents
Warming-up activities Text study Language application
Summary
Section A
R e f l e c t i o n s o f a C h i n e s e m o t h e r i n t h e We s t
Warming-up activities
Cultural background
2. What is the core of Confucianism?
Humanism, the bere teachable, improvable and perfectible through personal and communal endeavor
• • • • • •
Pre-reading activities
Listen and talk
Listen to a short talk about an interesting competition and then discuss the questions. 1. Why did the boy who had done nothing win all the prizes that day?
some weight.”
• never mention the f-word
ipa考试试题
ipa考试试题参考答题格式：Section 1: Listening (40 minutes)Part 1: Multiple-Choice Questions1. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of effective communication?a) Active listeningb) Clear pronunciationc) Confidence in speakingd) Overuse of academic vocabulary2. What is the main topic of the conversation?a) Traveling tipsb) Job interviewc) Housing optionsd) Social media platformsPart 2: Short Answer QuestionsQuestion 1: What is the speaker's opinion about the new company policy?Answer: The speaker believes that the new company policy will benefit employees.Question 2: According to the speaker, what are the advantages of renewable energy sources?Answer: The speaker mentions that renewable energy sources are clean, sustainable, and reduce carbon emissions.Part 3: Gap-Fill QuestionsInstructions: Fill in the gaps with the appropriate words.1. The ___________ of the research is to determine the effects of climate change on wildlife populations.2. The ___________ agreement between the two companies will be signed next week.Section 2: Reading (60 minutes)Part 1: True/False Questions1. T / F The Industrial Revolution had a significant impact on the environment.2. T / F The author argues that globalization leads to cultural homogeneity.Part 2: Fill in the BlanksInstructions: Fill in the blanks with the appropriate words or phrases.The ___________ of the novel revolves around the protagonist's journey to self-discovery.Part 3: Short EssayInstructions: Write a short essay (200-250 words) on the following topic.Topic: Discuss the pros and cons of social media in today's society.Section 3: Speaking (15 minutes)Part 1: Personal InformationPlease introduce yourself, including your name, age, occupation, and hobbies. Additionally, briefly share your views on the importance of learning English.Part 2: Picture DescriptionTake a look at the picture and describe what you see. Include as many details as possible, such as the people, objects, and activities shown.Part 3: Opinion Questions1. Do you think it is important for students to learn a second language? Why or why not?2. What role does technology play in our daily lives? Provide specific examples.Note: This is just a sample format for an IPA exam. The actual exam may vary in terms of question types and content.。
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Short Answer Questions Ch 22-25
1. What is the Serum? What is it used for? Where does it come from?
It is a medicine or antidote or something, already inside a medical syringe. It is used for who has been stung by the Grievers. It comes from the Creators.
2. How did the Gladers react to the appearance of Minho and Thomas? Why? Why do you think Thomas is embarrassed by the attention?
They were shocked and were gawking at them. Their faces showed complete awe, as if they were watching two ghosts strolling through a graveyard. It was because they survived an entire night outside the Glade and went out the Maze. Because Thomas had accomplished something never done before.
3. What was Thomas feeling in Ch. 23? Why? Why did he say the Maze, “wasn’t jus t a matter of escape”? (p. 147)
Thomas felt unhappy and upset. Because it made Thomas feel bad to live in a giant maze, surrounded by hideous beasts. Because they're not just trying to get out of the Maze. They are trying to figure out why the Creators put them in this place and get revenge on the people responsible for sending him there.
4. What happens during the Changing? How are those who have been through it different afterwards? Why do you think this happens?
Gladers who go through the Changing would shake their body, their skin bubbles and turns a freaky green colour and vomit all over themselves. After the Changing, the person gets back some of the memories that were wiped before he came into the Glade.Anyone who goes through it acts like a bloody psycho when it’s over, causing some people to go insane after the changing, such as Ben who had attempted to murder Thomas during the changing. Maybe everyone who has gone through the changing has seen Thomas with the creators put them into the Glade
5. Why did the Keepers discuss at the Gathering? What were the two different opinions? Because Thomas broke the rules in the Glade and every kid in the Glade has come up to Newt either to punish Thomas or praise him for saving Alby. Some thought Thomas should be praised; some thought he should be punished.
6. What did Minho suggest at the Gathering for Thomas? Why do you think he did this?
He nominates Thomas to replace him as Keeper of the Runners. Because Minho said that Thomas was the only one who was there. He saw what Thomas did. I think he did this to show his trust and faith in Thomas, and to acknowledge that Thomas might be able to accomplish what they haven’t been able to do yet.
7. What specific reasons did Minho give to support his suggestion for Thomas?
Minho says that Thomas behaved in ways that he has never seen before. He was calm and collected, he says. He reminds everyone of how each of them behaved when they first arrived in the Glade: crying every hour, trusting no one and doing no work. Instead, Thomas went out into the Maze to save two boys he barely knew. He saved Alby when Minho had already given up on him. Thomas questioned what Minho did instead of obeying the rules or the established order.
8. What does Gally have against Thomas? Why do you think he behaves this way?
Gally said that he had recognized Thomas and he’s seen him before. Maybe Gally thought Thomas was one of the Creators. Obviously, there’s some kind of memory involved which cause Gally's resentment against Thomas.。