适用于服务贸易早期收获部门及开放措施的服务提供者定义 附件五(英文译本)
进出口贸易专业术语中英文对照
银行英语：出口信贷 export credit出口津贴 export subsidy商品倾销 dumping外汇倾销 exchange dumping优惠关税 special preferences保税仓库 bonded warehouse贸易顺差 favorable balance of trade贸易逆差 unfavorable balance of trade进口配额制 import quotas自由贸易区 free trade zone对外贸易值 value of foreign trade国际贸易值 value of international trade普遍优惠制 generalized system of preferences-GSP最惠国待遇 most-favored nation treatment-MFNT-------------------价格条件----------------------价格术语trade term (price term) 运费freight单价 price 码头费wharfage总值 total value 卸货费landing charges金额 amount 关税customs duty净价 net price 印花税stamp duty含佣价price including commission 港口税portdues回佣return commission 装运港portof shipment折扣discount,allowance 卸货港port of discharge批发价 wholesale price 目的港portof destination零售价 retail price 进口许口证inportlicence现货价格spot price 出口许口证exportlicence期货价格forward price现行价格（时价）current price prevailingprice国际市场价格 world(International)Marketprice离岸价（船上交货价）FOB-free on board成本加运费价（离岸加运费价） C&F-cost and freight到岸价（成本加运费、保险费价）CIF-cost,insurance and freight--------------------交货条件----------------------交货delivery 轮船steamship(缩写S.S)装运、装船shipment 租船charter (the chartered shep) 交货时间 time of delivery定程租船voyage charter; 装运期限time of shipment 定期租船time charter托运人（一般指出口商）shipper,consignor收货人consignee班轮regular shipping liner 驳船lighter舱位shipping space 油轮tanker报关clearance of goods 陆运收据cargo receipt提货to take delivery of goods空运提单airway bill 正本提单original B\L选择港（任意港）optional port选港费optional charges选港费由买方负担 optional charges to be borne by the Buyers 或 optional charges for Buyers account一月份装船 shipment during January 或January shipment一月底装船 shipment not later than Jan.31st.或shipment on or before Jan.31st.一/二月份装船 shipment during Jan./Feb.或 Jan./Feb. shipment在......(时间）分两批装船 shipment during....in two lots在......(时间）平均分两批装船 shipment during....in two equal lots分三个月装运 in three monthly shipments分三个月，每月平均装运 in three equal monthly shipments立即装运 immediate shipments即期装运 prompt shipments收到信用证后30天内装运 shipments within 30 days after receipt of L/C允许分批装船 partial shipment not allowed partial shipment not permittedpartial shipment not unacceptable---------------交易磋商、合同签订-----------------订单 indent 订货；订购 book; booking电复 cable reply 实盘 firm offer递盘 bid; bidding 递实盘 bid firm还盘 counter offer 发盘（发价) offer发实盘 offer firm 询盘（询价）inquiry;enquiry---------------交易磋商、合同签订-----------------指示性价格 price indication速复 reply immediately参考价 reference price习惯做法 usual practice交易磋商 business negotiation不受约束 without engagement业务洽谈 business discussion限**复 subject to reply **限* *复到 subject to reply reaching here **有效期限 time of validity有效至**: valid till **购货合同 purchase contract 销售合同sales contract购货确认书 purchase confirmation销售确认书 sales confirmation一般交易条件 general terms and conditions以未售出为准 subject to prior sale需经卖方确认 subject to sellers confirmation需经我方最后确认 subject to our final confirmation------------------贸易方式------------------------INT (拍卖auction) 寄售consignment招标invitation of tender投标submission of tender一般代理人agent 总代理人general agent代理协议agency agreement累计佣金accumulative commission补偿贸易compensation trade（或抵偿贸易）compensating/compensatory trade（又叫：往返贸易） counter trade来料加工processing on giving materials来料装配assembling on provided parts独家经营/专营权exclusive right独家经营/包销/代理协议exclusivity agreement独家代理 sole agency; sole agent; exclusive agency;exclusive agent-------------------品质条件-----------------------品质 quality 原样 original sample规格 specifications 复样 duplicate sample说明 description 对等样品countersample标准 standard type 参考样品reference sample商品目录 catalogue 封样 sealed sample宣传小册 pamphlet 公差 tolerance货号 article No. 花色（搭配）assortment样品 sample 5% 增减 5% plus or minus代表性样品 representative sample大路货（良好平均品质）fair average quality--------------------商检仲裁-----------------------索赔 claim 争议disputes罚金条款 penalty 仲裁arbitration不可抗力 force Majeure 仲裁庭arbitral tribunal产地证明书certificate of origin品质检验证书 inspection certificate of quanlity重量检验证书 inspection certificate of weight (quantity)**商品检验局 **commodity inspection bureau (*.C.I.B)品质、重量检验证书 inspectioncertificate---------------------数量条件-----------------------个数 number 净重 net weight容积 capacity 毛作净gross for net体积 volume 皮重 tare毛重 gross weight溢短装条款 more or less clause-----------------------外汇-------------------------外汇 foreign exchange 法定贬值devaluation外币 foreign currency 法定升值revaluation汇率 rate of exchange 浮动汇率floating rate国际收支 balance of payments 硬通货hard currency直接标价 direct quotation 软通货soft currency间接标价 indirect quotation 金平价gold standard买入汇率 buying rate 通货膨胀inflation卖出汇率 selling rate 固定汇率fixed rate金本位制度 gold standard 黄金输送点 gold points铸币平价 mint par 纸币制度 paper money system国际货币基金 international monetary fund黄金外汇储备 gold and foreign exchange reserve汇率波动的官定上下限 official upper and lower limits of fluctuation银行交易bank book/pass book存折open an account开户earn interest赚取利息savings account储蓄存款帐户current account活期存款帐户check/cheque account支票帐户deposit account定期存款帐户annual interest rate年利率monthly savings account按月计息帐户daily interest account按天计息帐户instant account速成户头 service charge服务费/手续费signature card签名卡 draw/withdraw 提款 order check/cheque记名支票 rubber check/cheque空头支票blank check/cheque空白支票 exchange rate汇率denomination=face value面额 four in hundred四张一百元面额give the money in fives/tens换成五元或十元面额bill钞票 change零钱cash现金 password/code 密码amount in figures小写金额 amount in words 大写金额credit card信用卡 the balance of your bank account帐户余额traveler’s check/chque 旅行支票 coin硬币penny便士 nickel（美、加）的五分硬币dime（美、加）的十分硬币 unit 货币单位value/worth面值 ounce盎司1/16磅commercial/merchant bank商业银行 full refund 全额偿还extension延期 overdraw/overdraft透支rebate回扣 payday发薪日pay slip/envelop 薪水单 mortgage抵押expense account公款支付帐户a princely sum(an excessive amount)巨款apply for/grant_______a loan申请/批准贷款debt债务 collateral担保物fill out/in填写chquebook/checkbook支票簿loan贷款 joint account联名帐户by installment分期付款cashier收银员teller银行职员 statement对帐单money order汇票 accountant会计 A.T.M自动取款机（M0）money in circulation 流通中的现金（M1） narrow money 狭义货币（M2） broad money 广义货币a minimum living standard system 最低生活保障系统Account 帐户Accounting equation 会计等式Accounting system 会计系统All Risks 一切险American Accounting Association 美国会计协会American Institute of CPAs 美国注册会计师协会Articulation 勾稽关系Assets 资产Audit 审计bad account 坏帐Balance sheet 资产负债表bear market 熊市blank endorsed 空白背书Bookkeepking 簿记bull market 牛市Business entity 企业个体Capital stock 股本cargo receipt 承运货物收据Cash flow prospects 现金流量预测catalogue 商品目录Certificate in Internal Auditing内部审计证书Certificate in Management Accounting 管理会计证书Certificate Public Accountant 注册会计师China Securities Regulatory Commission 中国证监会China's "Big Four" commercial banks中国四大商业银行close-ended fund 封闭式基金commission 佣金consignee 收货人Corporation 公司Cost accounting 成本会计cost and freightCFR 成本加运费价格cost insurance and freightCIF 成本加运保费Cost principle 成本原则Creditor 债权人cut a melon 分红dead account 呆帐Deflation 通货紧缩delivery 交货Disclosure 批露dividend，bonus stock 股息，红利downturn 低迷时期endorsed 背书enforce stockholding system 实行股份制Expenses 费用export department 出口部External users 外部使用者F.P.A.(Free from Particular Average) 平安险F.W.R.D.(Fresh Water Rain Damage) 淡水雨淋险face value 面值fees－for－tax reFORM 费改税Financial accounting 财务会计Financial Accounting Standards Board 财务会计准则委员会Financial activities 筹资活动Financial forecast 财务预测Financial statement 财务报表foreign exchange reservers 外汇储备futures market 期货市场Generally accepted accounting principles 公认会计原则General-purpose inFORMation 通用目的信息genetically－modified products 基因改良产品Going-concern assumption 持续经营假设Government Accounting Office govern会计办公室Hook Damage 钩损险import department 进口部Income statement 损益表income tax 所得税indicative price 参考价格Inflation 通货膨涨Inquiry 询盘Institute of Internal Auditors 内部审计师协会Institute of Management Accountants管理会计师协会Integrity 整合性Internal auditing 内部审计Internal control structure 内部控制结构Internal Revenue Service 国内收入署Internal users 内部使用者Investing activities 投资活动knowledge-based economy 知识经济labour-intensive economy 劳动密集型经济Liabilities 负债Management accounting 管理会计marine bills of lading 海运提单national bonds 国债nationalize；nationalization 国有化Negative cash flow 负现金流量non-perFORMing loan 不良贷款non-work income 非劳动收入notify 被通知人open-ended fund 开放式基金Operating activities 经营活动order 订货outstanding of deposits 存款余额Owner's equity 所有者权益partial shipment 分批装运Partnership 合伙企业Positive cash flow 正现金流量press conference 记者招待会price list 价目表privatize；privatization 私有化proactive fiscal measures 积极的财政政策promote independent decision－making by state－owned enterprises 提高企业自主权public relations department公关部publicly owned economy 公有经济recession 衰退时期rectify the market order 整顿市场秩序reduce state's stake in listed companies 国有股减持restraint of trade 贸易管制Retained earning 留存利润Return of investment 投资回报Return on investment 投资报酬Revenue 收入Risk of Intermixture and Contamination 混杂、玷污险Risk of Leakage 渗漏险Risk of odor 串味险Risk of Rust 锈蚀险sales terms and conditions销售条件Securities and Exchange Commission 证券交易委员会shareholding system; joint-stock system 股份制shipping order 托运单Shortage Risk 短缺险Sole proprietorship 独资企业Solvency 清偿能力specification 规格Stable-dollar assumption 稳定货币假设state stock reduction 国有股减持Statement of cash flow 现金流量表Statement of financial position 财务状况表steady monetary policies 稳健的货币政策Stockholders 股东Stockholders' equity 股东权益streghten the government's macro - regulatory functions 加强govern宏观调控作用Strikes Risk 罢工险T.P.N.D.( Theft,Pilferage & Non-delivery) 偷窃提货不着险Tax accounting 税务会计technology-intensive economy 技术密集型经济the Dow Jones industrial average 道琼斯工业平均指数the first majority shareholder 第一大股东the Hang Seng index 恒生指数thin trade 交易薄弱to become the majority shareholder/to take a controlling stake 控股to expand domestic demand 扩大内需value-added tax 增值税W.A./W.P.A(With Average or With Particular Average) 水渍险War Risk 战争险Window dressing 门面粉饰year-on-year 与去年同期数字相比的bull market: 牛市，多头市场bear market :熊市，空头市场股息，红利 dividend or bonus stock国民生产总值 GNP (Gross National Product)人均国民生产总值 per capita GNP产值 output value鼓励 give incentive to投入 input宏观控制 exercise macro-control优化经济结构 optimize the economic structure输入活力 bring vigor into改善经济环境 improve economic environment整顿经济秩序 rectify economic order有效地控制通货膨胀 effectively control inflation非公有成分 non-public sectors主要成分 dominant sector实在的 tangible全体会议 plenary session解放生产力 liberate/unshackle/release the productive forces引入歧途 lead one to a blind alley举措 move实事求是 seek truth from facts引进、输入 importation和平演变 peaceful evolution试一下 have a go (at sth.)精华、精粹、实质 quintessence家庭联产责任承包制 family-contract responsibility system搞活企业 invigorate enterprises商品经济 commodity economy基石 cornerstone零售 retail发电量 electric energy production有色金属 nonferrous metals人均收入 per capita income使负担 be saddled with营业发达的公司 going concerns被兼并或挤掉 annexed or forced out of business善于接受的 receptive增额、增值、增长 increment发展过快 excessive growth抽样调查 data from the sample survey扣除物价上涨部分 price increase are deducted(excluded)实际增长率 actual growth rate国际收支 international balance of payments流通制度 circulation system总工资 total wages分配形式 FORMs of distribution风险资金 risk funds管理不善 poor management一个中心、两个基本点one central task and two basic points以经济建设为中心，坚持四项基本原则（1）社会主义道路（2）党的领导（3）人民民主专政（4）马列主义\*\*\*思想、坚持改革开放the central task refers to economic construction and two basic points are the four cardinal principles - adherence to the socialist road, to Communist Party leadership, to the people's democratic dictatorship and to Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought - and persisting in reFORM and opening.改革是"社会主义制度的自我完善和自我发展"。
服务贸易早期收获部门及开放措施 附件四(英文译本)
Annex IVSectors and Liberalization MeasuresUnder the Early Harvest for Trade in Services Commitments of the Mainland Side on Liberalization of Non-financial Service Sectors1 Modes of service supply: (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial1Sectora l classification is based on WTO’s GATS Services Sectoral Classification List(GNS/W/120). For the contents of the sectors, reference is made to the relevant CPC, United Nations Provisional Central Product Classification(ST/ESA/STAT/SER.M/77).Modes of service supply: (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presenceModes of service supply: (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) CommercialModes of service supply: (1)Cross-border supply (2)Consumption abroad (3)CommercialModes of service supply: (1)Cross-border supply (2)Consumption abroad (3)CommercialModes of service supply: (1)Cross-border supply (2)Consumption abroad (3)Commercial2Principal personnel includes personnel performing the roles of director, screenwriter, leading actor, leading actress, supporting actor, supporting actress, producer, cinematographer, editor, art director, costume designer, action choreographer, and composer of the original film score.Modes of service supply: (1)Cross-border supply (2)Consumption abroad (3)Commercial3The establishment of such hospitals shall comply with relevant regulations on foreign investment in hospitals of joint ventures, cooperation and wholly-ownership.Modes of service supply: (1)Cross-border supply (2)Consumption abroad (3)Commercial4The definition in WTO’s GATS Annex on Air Transport Services appli es.5Unbound due to the lack of technical feasibility.Commitments of the Mainland side on Liberalization of Financial Service SectorsCommitments of the Taiwan Side on Liberalization of Non-financial Service Sectors6Modes of service supply: (1) Cross-border supply(2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence6Sectors and sub-sectors are classified in accordance with the Services Sectoral Classification List of the World Trade Organization General Agreement on Trade in Services (GNS/W/120). The contents of each sector are based on the corresponding CPC, United Nations Provisional Central Product Classification, ST/ESA/STAT/SER.M/77 as reference.presencepresencepresencepresencepresencepresencepresence7The definition in the Annex on Air Transport Services to the World Trade Organization General Agreement on Trade in Services shall apply.Commitments of the Taiwan Side on Liberalization of Financial Service Sectors。
两岸经济合作架构协议(ECFA)
两岸经济合作架构协议(ECFA)作者：来源：《财经界》2010年第09期海峡两岸关系协会与财团法人海峡交流基金会遵循平等互惠、循序渐进的原则,达成加强海峡两岸经贸关系的意愿;双方同意,本着世界贸易组织(WTO)基本原则,考虑双方的经济条件,逐步减少或消除彼此间的贸易和投资障碍,创造公平的贸易与投资环境;通过签署《海峡两岸经济合作框架协议》(以下简称本协议),进一步增进双方的贸易与投资关系,建立有利于两岸经济繁荣与发展的合作机制;经协商,达成协议如下:第一章总则第一条目标本协议目标为:一.加强和增进双方之间的经济、贸易和投资合作。
二.促进双方货物和服务贸易进一步自由化,逐步建立公平、透明、便利的投资及其保障机制。
三.扩大经济合作领域,建立合作机制。
第二条合作措施双方同意,考虑双方的经济条件,采取包括但不限于以下措施,加强海峡两岸的经济交流与合作:一.逐步减少或消除双方之间实质多数货物贸易的关税和非关税壁垒。
二.逐步减少或消除双方之间涵盖众多部门的服务贸易限制性措施。
三.提供投资保护,促进双向投资。
四.促进贸易投资便利化和产业交流与合作。
第二章贸易与投资第三条货物贸易一.双方同意,在本协议第七条规定的“货物贸易早期收获”基础上,不迟于本协议生效后六个月内就货物贸易协议展开磋商,并尽速完成。
二.货物贸易协议磋商内容包括但不限于:(一)关税减让或消除模式;(二)原产地规则;(三)海关程序;(四)非关税措施,包括但不限于技术性贸易壁垒(TBT)、卫生与植物卫生措施(SPS);(五)贸易救济措施,包括世界贸易组织《关于实施1994年关税与贸易总协定第六条的协定》、《补贴与反补贴措施协定》、《保障措施协定》规定的措施及适用于双方之间货物贸易的双方保障措施。
三.依据本条纳入货物贸易协议的产品应分为立即实现零关税产品、分阶段降税产品、例外或其他产品三类。
四.任何一方均可在货物贸易协议规定的关税减让承诺的基础上自主加速实施降税。
WTO规则中英文教程第七章 服务贸易
(To be continued) 2.A Member may meet the requirement of paragraph 1 by according to services and service suppliers of any other Member, either formally identical treatment or formally different treatment to that it accords to its own like services and service suppliers.
• (3)对外国服务提供者实施差别 待遇。如给本国投资者补贴、对 外国服务提供者征收歧视性的国 内税费、限制外国服务提供者的 经营范围、要求外国服务提供者 履行比本国服务商更繁杂的义务 或手续，以此达到削弱或抵消外 国服务提供者竞争优势的目的。
• (4)对国外颁发的教育证书、技术资格证 书、执业许可证等不予承认。此类规定 的目的在于禁止或限制外国服务人员提 供服务。 • (5)制定各种国内规章。限制人员、资金、 技术、信息的国际流动。如限制本国居 民出境旅游以此节省外汇支出；规定只 有具备最低资格或条件的人员才能入境； 资金汇出到达一定标准必须经国家特定 批准等。
第七章 WTO服务贸易规则
WTO Rules of Trade in Service
一、概述
1、国际服务贸易壁垒 由于国际服务贸易的壁垒并非海关措施或关税，而 是各成员方的国内法规(政策、法令、行规)对服务要 素(机构、资金、人员)作跨国流动的限制。与货物贸 易相比，国际服务贸易壁垒种类繁多。 (1)严格限制开业权。如禁止外国服务提供商进入 某些行业或地区设立机构和提供服务，或对某些行业 实行政府垄断。 (2)数量限制。限制外国服务提供者的数量、限制 服务交易量的数量、限制雇佣自然人的数量、限制外 商投资的股权比例和提供服务的实体形式等。
台湾服务提供者设置
台湾服务提供者设置独资医院申办指南一、设置单位应同时满足以下条件（一）是“台湾服务提供者”，符合《海峡两岸经济合作框架协议》附件五之《适用于服务贸易早期收获部门及开放措施的服务提供者定义》的有关要求。
（二）是能够独立承担民事责任的法人。
（三）具有直接或间接从事医疗卫生投资与管理的经验，并符合下列要求之一：1、能提供先进的医院管理经验、管理模式和服务模式；2、能提供具有国际领先水平的医学技术。
二、申办要求设立的台湾独资医院应当符合以下要求：（一）设置与发展必须符合当地的医疗机构设置规划。
（二）必须是独立的法人。
（三）三级医院投资总额不低于5000万人民币，二级医院投资总额不低于2000万元人民币。
（四）符合二级以上医院基本标准。
三、提交材料（一）《设置医疗机构申请书》（附件1）。
（二）项目建议书。
（三）《设置可行性研究报告》。
应包括以下内容：1、设置单位名称、基本情况以及法定代表人姓名、年龄、履历、身份证号码；2、所在地区的人口、经济和社会发展等概况；3、所在地区人群健康状况和疾病流行以及有关疾病患病率；4、所在地区医疗资源分布情况以及医疗服务需求分析；5、拟设医院的名称、选址、功能、任务、服务半径；6、拟设医院的服务方式、时间、诊疗科目和床位编制；7、拟设医院的组织机构、人员配备；8、拟设医院的仪器、设备配备；9、拟设医院与服务半径区域内其他医疗机构的关系和影响；10、拟设医院的污水、污物、粪便处理方案；11、拟设医院的通讯、供电、上下水道、消防设施情况；12、资金来源、投资方式、投资总额、注册资金（资本）；13、拟设医院的投资预算；14、拟设医院5年内的成本效益预测分析；（四）《选址报告》。
应包括以下内容：1、选址的依据；2、选址所在地区的环境和公用设施情况；3、选址与周围托幼机构、中小学校、食品生产经营单位布局的关系；4、占地和建筑面积；5、选址方位图。
（五）《建筑设计平面图》。
（六）拟设医院的项目土地使用租赁证明。
国际服务贸易管理制度4doc(1)
国际服务贸易管理制度1. 概述随着全球化的加速推进，服务贸易在国际贸易中的地位日益重要。
为了保障服务贸易的有序进行，国际社会建立了一系列的服务贸易管理制度。
本文将介绍国际服务贸易管理制度的相关内容。
2. 国际服务贸易管理制度的背景国际服务贸易管理制度的建立是为了解决服务贸易中的一系列问题。
传统贸易制度主要关注商品的流通，而服务贸易具有较强的非实物性和跨境性，因此在管理上具有一定的挑战。
国际社会通过建立服务贸易管理制度，旨在促进服务贸易的自由化、便利化和公平竞争。
3. 国际服务贸易管理组织为了协调和管理国际服务贸易，国际社会成立了一系列的服务贸易管理组织。
其中，最具代表性的为世界贸易组织（World Trade Organization，简称WTO）的服务贸易领域议定书（General Agreement on Trade inServices，简称GATS）。
除了WTO，还有一些地区性的服务贸易管理组织，如亚太经合组织（Asia-Pacific EconomicCooperation，简称APEC）和欧洲自由贸易联盟（European Free Trade Association，简称EFTA）等。
这些组织致力于制定和协调国际服务贸易的规则和准则，提供争端解决机制和咨询服务，促进成员间的合作与交流。
4. 国际服务贸易管理制度的原则国际服务贸易管理制度的建立遵循一些基本原则，以确保服务贸易的公平、公正和有序进行。
4.1. 最惠国待遇原则最惠国待遇原则要求成员国在服务贸易中对待其他成员国应按照最优惠的待遇方式进行。
即一国对其他任何一个成员国给予的任何利益和待遇，都要在其他成员国之间得到同等的对待。
4.2. 国民待遇原则国民待遇原则要求成员国在服务贸易中应对外国服务供应商给予与本国服务供应商相同的待遇，不能歧视外国服务供应商。
4.3. 透明度原则透明度原则要求成员国应及时向其他成员国提供有关服务贸易政策、法规和措施的信息，确保政策的透明和可预测性。
服务贸易1-5缩印
Chapter 1General Agreement on Trade in Services服务贸易总协议Domestic regulation国内监管Individual service providers个人服务供应商Non-preferential treatment非优惠待遇MFN 最惠国待遇Public monopolies公共垄断Natural monopoly自然垄断Inadequate information信息不充分Externality 外部性Universal access普遍获得性Regulatory harmonization 监管协调Temporary migration 临时性移民NAFTA北美自由贸易区Chapter 2Business services 商业服务Communication services 通信服务Construction services建筑服务Distribution services 分销服务Educational services教育服务Environmental services 环境服务Financial services金融服务Health-related and social services健康与社会服务Tourism and travel-related services旅游服务Recreational, cultural and sporting services娱乐、文化与体育服务Transport services运输服务Government-mandated regulators 政府委托的监管部门Schedule of commitment承诺表Non-scheduled sectors非承诺部门Market access 市场准入National treatment 国民待遇Quota-type limits 数量限制Joint venture requirements合资企业要求Foreign capital participation外国资本参与Foreign equity ceilings 外国股权限制Foreign land ownership外国土地所有权Discriminatory training requirements歧视性培训要求Regulatory disciplines监管纪律Competitive safeguards竞争保护Transparency and institutional obligations透明性和制度性义务Horizontal Commitments水平承诺Sector Commitments部门承诺Discriminatory restrictions 歧视性限制Phase-in Commitments阶段性承诺Modification or Suspension of Commitments承诺的修改与取消Council for Trade in Services 服务贸易委员会Balance-of-payments difficulties国际收支困难Conditional obligations & unconditional obligations 有条件和无条件承诺Objective and transparent criteria客观性与透明性标准Market failure 市场失灵Natural monopolies or oligopolies自然垄断与寡头垄断Asymmetric information信息不对称Modalities and Procedures模型与程序Chapter 3Discriminatory taxes 歧视性税Domestic regulations 国内管制Trade barriers贸易壁垒Physical proximity物理靠近comparative advantage比较优势increasing returns to scale规模报酬递增lock-in锁定market-niche effect市场定位效应Agglomeration effect集聚效应A general concentration综合性集聚The specialized concentration专业性集聚Cores and peripheries structure中心外围结构spillover effects溢出效应labor-intensive services劳动密集型服务Modes of Supply as Substitutes供给模式的替代性Modes of Supply as Complements供给模式的互补性The Instruments of Protection保护的工具NTBs非贸易壁垒Government procurement policies政府采购政策lack of transparency of domestic regulations国内监管缺乏透明性Licensing and certification requirements许可和证书要求the firm-specific fixed costs 企业特定固定成本The plant-level fixed costs工厂固定成本Chapter 4The Manual on Statistics of International Trade in Services国际服务贸易统计手册BOP statistics 国际收支平衡统计EBOPS扩展的国际收支平衡统计IMF Balance of Payments Manual国际货币基金国际收支手册Foreign Affiliates Trade in Services (FATS) statistics外国附属机构服务贸易统计Residents and non-residents Transactions 居民与非居民交易A product-based classification以产品基础分类Geographical allocations of the statistics按地理分类统计Trading partners贸易伙伴Resident affiliates of foreign firms (inward FATS)外国企业的国内附属机构Affiliates abroad of resident firms (outward FATS)本国企业的国外附属机构In establishment-level statistics 分支机构层面的统计In enterprise-level statistics企业层面的统计Net operating surplus营业盈余净额Gross fixed capital formation固定资本形成总值The geographical breakdown 地理分类The industrial activity breakdown 产业分类Services Product breakdown服务产品分类Temporary nature of the movement of natural persons暂时性人没流动I ntra-corporate transferees公司内部转移Chapter 5Tariff equivalent关税等价Measurements of trade barriers贸易壁垒测量Price and quantity measurements价格与数量测量Ad valorem tax从价税Entry regulations 进入限制Operations regulations经营限制Discriminatory and nondiscriminatory regulations 歧视性与非歧视性规制Regulations of ongoing operations对经营的规制Ownership and control restrictions所有权与控制权限制1.What are the four modes of services supply? Please give examples of each mode.2.What are the active(or benefits) and negative effects(or flaws) of services tradeliberalization?3.What are the three problems caused to market failure in services liberalization, and how tosettle these problems?4.What types of measures covered by the GATs?5.What are the services excluded from the GATS?6.What are the restrictions of Market Access?7.In what conditions the commitments can be modified or suspended, and what is theprocedure of modification or suspension of commitments.8.What are the causes of trade in services?9.Please give examples to explain the complements and substitutes of different modes ofSupply.10.What are the two statistic sources based upon internationally agreed standards in MSITS?11.Please introduce these two statistic sources.12.What is concept of the residence in statistics of international trade in services?13.How to understand the concept of tariff equivalent in international services trade?14.Please introduce the types of service barriers.15.How to understand the differences between service trade barriers and regulations.1．The four modes of services supply：(1)Cross-border (mode 1): services supplied from the territory of one Member into the territory of another. An example is software services provided by a supplier in one country through mail or electronic means to consumers in another country. (2)Consumption abroad (mode 2): services supplied in the territory of one Member to the consumers of another. Examples are tourism or education services.(3)Commercial presence (mode 3): services supplied through any type of business or professional establishment of one Member in the territory of another. The example is an domestic company establishing a foreign branch by means of FDI. (4)Presence of natural persons (mode 4): services supplied by nationals of one Member in the territory of another. This mode includes both independent service suppliers and employees of the services supplier of another Member. Examples are a doctor of one country supplying through his physical presence services in another country, or the foreign employees of a foreign bank providing services on a temporary basis.2．The active effects: (1)SECTORAL EFFECTS:Removing barriers to trade in services in a particular sector is likely to lead to lower prices,improved quality, and greater variety.(2) ECONOMY-WIDE EFFECTS: Estimates of benefits vary for individual countries-from under 1 per cent to over 50 per cent of GDP-depending on the initial levels of protection and the assumed reduction in barriers.The gains from liberalizing services may be substantially greater than those from liberalizing trade in goods. Liberalization would create spillover benefits from the required movement of capital and labor. The negative effects: (1)flaws in reform programs, if privatization of state monopolies is conducted without concern to creating conditions of competition, the result may be merely transfers of monopoly rents to private owners (possibly foreigners). Similarly, if increased entry into financial sectors is not accompanied by adequate prudential supervision and full competition, the result may be insider lending and poor investment decisions. (2) Adverse Effects on the poor: Opening up essential services to foreign or domestic competition could have an adverse effect on the poor—which is often cited as a reason for the persistence of public monopolies.If a country is a relatively inefficient producer of a service, liberalization and the resultant foreign competition are likely to lead to a decline in domestic prices and improvement in quality.Liberalization such as elimination of restrictions on entry implies an end to cross-subsidization because it is no longer possible for firms to make extra-normal profits in certain market segments.3．market failure is attributable to three kinds of problems: natural monopoly; inadequate consumer information; and considerations of equity and protecting the poor. The settlement of natural monopoly depends on trade-off between the scale economy and monopoly inefficiency, the expansion of the market or market access through regionalism can conduct competition and at the same time keep the scale economy.The settlement of inadequate consumer information usually through domestic regulation. The settlement of social equity and protecting the poor can accommodate universal-service obligations by imposing requirement on new entrants in a non-discriminatory way. However, subsidies have often proved more successful than direct regulation in ensuring universal access. 4．Measures affecting trade in services taken by governments and public authorities, as well as by non-governmental bodies in the exercise of delegated powers (e.g.government-mandated regulators or licensing bodies). This implies that purely commercial decisions without government interference are beyond the scope of the Agreement.5． There two types are excluded from the GATS, the governmental servicesand air transport services.6．All the restrictions on Market Access can be classified into 6 types, four of them are quota-type limits(what are these?), two of them are non-quantity limits(what are these?).7． In what conditions the commitments can be modified or suspended, and what is the procedure of modification or suspension of commitments.Answers: Once a country made a commitment, its costly to revoke. This does not imply, however, that governments are locked in for good,usually,the commitments can be modified or suspended in the event of serious balance-of-payments and other financial difficulties.And GATT provides cover for measures necessary to protect public morals and/or human, animal or plant life and health, the security exceptions and to accommodate some other situations.The procedure of modification: The first step is member concerned would need to notify the Council for Trade in Services of its intentions, the second is preparing to negotiate compensatory adjustments, the third is preparing to resort to arbitration in case of all attempts fail. Only once all procedural steps have been exhausted in full, the commitment concerned can be modified or withdrawn.8. There are two major explanations for trade between countries: comparative advantage, and gains from specialization arising from increasing returns to scale or agglomeration effects. The first explanation relies on fundamental differences between countries to generate trade. The second approach can explain trade between similar countries: differences may emerge because of trade, but the differences need not have been present at the outset to generate trade.4.Please give examples to explain the differences of the two types of theories: the comparative advantage and specialization trade theories in services.Answer: The first explanation is comparative advantage theory, the examples such as : call centers in India provide customer contact services for US firms; nannies from the Philippines move to Canada temporarily to provide childcare services; and Europeans travel to Peru for a week in the jungle as part of an eco-tourism package. In each of these examples, trade takes place via a different mode. However, each of these examples has something in common: trade is driven by differences between countries. The trade in both child care and call center services is driven by differences in labor costs across countries; and the Amazon has unique attributes that are not available at home to the European tourists. The second approach is specialization arising from increasing returns to scale or agglomeration effects. The differences need not have been present at the outset to generate trade. One way to think about how trade can emerge between similar countries is to consider a labor-market example. Think of two students starting university who are equally bright and talented. However, suppose one chooses to study medicine and the other chooses to study engineering.Ten years later, each student will have very different skills and they can trade with each other via the labor market, withthe doctor selling medical services and the engineer selling engineering services. 9．For some types of services, different modes of supply are substitutes. For example, a specialized surgical team could come from a foreign country to perform surgery in the home country; or the patient could go to the foreign country to receive treatment. Some different modes of supply are complementary. For example, if a firm chooses to have a physical presence in a foreign market, then the effectiveness of their operation may be enhanced if personnel are allowed to move between the home and foreign establishments.10．One is BOP statistics and the EBOP statistics; another is Foreign Affiliates Trade in Services (FATS) statistics.11．BOP statistics is under IMF Balance of Payments Manual (BPM5) which displays data on trade in services between residents and non-residents (within the current account) into 11 items. MSITS proposes further breakdowns of these 11 items based on product classification in the Extended BOP statistics to respond to needs for more detailed information. Foreign Affiliates Trade in Services (FATS) statistics is about the measurement of services supplied by foreign affiliates. In fact, all the data displayed in these two statistic sources can be classified by country(the data of trading partners), by activity (by industry) and by product.FATS statistics is mainly about mode 3 and BOP statistics is mainly about the three other modes of supply.12． The residence concept is not based on nationality or legal criteria but on a transactor’s center of economic interest. An enterprise has a center of economic interest in an economy when it engages or intends to engage in economic activities within the economic territory of that country. A household has a center of economic interest where it maintains one or more dwellings within the country that members of the household use as their principal residence. A period of one year or more is suggested as a flexible guideline (the ‘‘one-year rule’’)for determining residence (center of economic interest).13.The tariff equivalent is thought of as the equivalent tax on foreign suppliers in their competition with domestic suppliers—is a useful way of quantifying a barrier to trade in services. Both price and quantity measurements are also often converted into, and reported as, tariff equivalents.14.The types of service barriers are regulations that apply to entry or establishment of firms versus their operations; and regulations that are nondiscriminatory versus discriminatory. That is, most barriers to trade in services can be placed in one of the four cells.15. Services trade is highly regulated, most of the service trade barriers come from domestic regulations. But, not all regulations of services should be viewed as protectionist, even when they do serve to reduce service imports. Many regulations serve legitimate purposes, such as protecting health and safety or preventing fraud and other misconduct. Such a regulation, if applied in a nondiscriminatory manner, is not protectionist and should not be viewed as a barrier to service trade, even though it may maintain a higher standard than prevails abroad and thus reduce imports compared to what they would be without the regulation.。
incoterms--国际贸易术语中英文对照解释(全)
EXW (insert named place of delivery)GUIDANCE NOTEThis rule may be used irrespective of the mode of transport selected and may also be used where more than one mode of transport is employed.It is suitable for domestic trade, while FCA is usually more appropriate for international trade.“Ex Works” means that the seller delivers when it places the goods at the disposal of the buyer at the seller’s premises or at another named place ., works, factory, warehouse, etc.). The seller does not need to load the goods on any collecting vehicle, nor does it need to clear the goods for export, where such clearance is applicable.The parties are well advised to specify as clearly as possible the point within the named place of delivery, as the costs and risks to that point are for the account of the seller. The buyer bears all costs and risks involved in taking the goods from the agreed point, if any, at the named place of delivery. EXW represents the minimum obligation for the seller. The rule should be used with care as:a) The seller has no obligation to the buyer to load the goods, even though in practice the seller maybe in a better position to do so. If the seller does load the goods, it does so at the buyer’s risk and expense. In cases where the seller is in a better position to load the goods, FCA, which obliges the seller to do so at its own risk and expense, is usually more appropriate.b) A buyer who buys from a seller on an EXW basis for export needs to be aware that the seller has anobligation to provide only such assistance as the buyer may require to effect that export: the seller is not bound to organize the export clearance. Buyers are therefore well advised not to use EXW if they cannot directly or indirectly obtain export clearance.c) The buyer has limited obligations to provide to the seller any information regarding the export ofthe goods. However, the seller may need this information for, ., taxation or reporting purposes. EXW——工厂交货（……指定地点）本条规则与（当事人）所选择的运输模式无关，即便（当事人）选择多种运输模式，亦可适用该规则。
cepa服务贸易协议
编号：_______________本资料为word版本，可以直接编辑和打印，感谢您的下载cepa服务贸易协议甲方：___________________乙方：___________________日期：___________________cepa服务贸易协议篇一：cepa10附件：内地向香港开放服务贸易的具体承诺的补充和修正十附件内地向香港开放服务贸易的具体承诺的补充和修正十①①部门分类使用世界贸易组织〈〈服务贸易总协定》服务部门分类（gns/w/120 ）,部门的内容参考相应的联合国中央产品分类（cpc , unitednations（cepa 服务贸易协议）provisionalcentralproductclassification ）。
篇二：cepa补充协议三《内地与香港关于建立更紧密经贸关系的安排》补充协议三为进一步提高内地①与香港特另U行政区（以下简称”香港”）经贸交流与合作的水平，根据：20xx年6月29日签署的《内地与香港关于建立更紧密经贸关系的安排》（以下简称"《安排》”）及于20xx年9月29日签署的《安排》附件；20xx年10月27日签署的〈〈〈安排〉补充协议》；20xx年10月18日签署的〈〈〈安排〉补充协议二》，双方决定，就内地在服务贸易领域对香港扩大开放及双方在贸易投资便利化领域增强合作签署本协议。
一、服务贸易（一）自20xx年1月1日起，内地在《安排》、〈〈〈安排〉补充协议》和〈〈〈安排〉补充协议二》开放服务贸易承诺的基础上，在法律、建筑、信息技术、会展、视听、分销、旅游、运输和个体工商户等领域进一步放宽市场准入的条件。
具体内容载于本协议附件。
（二）本协议附件是《安排》附件4表1《内地向香港开放服务贸易的具体承诺》、《〈安排〉补充协议》附件3《内地向香港开放服务贸易的具体承诺的补充和修正》和〈〈〈安排〉补充协议二》附件2《内地向香港开放服务贸易的具体承诺的补充和修正二》的补充和修正。
《海峡两岸经济合作框架协议》全文.doc
《海峡两岸经济合作框架协议》全文-序言海峡两岸关系协会与财团法人海峡交流基金会遵循平等互惠、循序渐进的原则，达成加强海峡两岸经贸关系的意愿；双方同意，本着世界贸易组织（wto）基本原则，考虑双方的经济条件，逐步减少或消除彼此间的贸易和投资障碍，创造公平的贸易与投资环境；通过签署《海峡两岸经济合作框架协议》（以下简称本协议），进一步增进双方的贸易与投资关系，建立有利于两岸经济繁荣与发展的合作机制；经协商，达成协议如下：第一章总则第一条目标本协议目标为：一、加强和增进双方之间的经济、贸易和投资合作。
二、促进双方货物和服务贸易进一步自由化，逐步建立公平、透明、便利的投资及其保障机制。
三、扩大经济合作领域，建立合作机制。
第二条合作措施双方同意，考虑双方的经济条件，采取包括但不限于以下措施，加强海峡两岸的经济交流与合作：一、逐步减少或消除双方之间实质多数货物贸易的关税和非关税壁垒。
二、逐步减少或消除双方之间涵盖众多部门的服务贸易限制性措施。
三、提供投资保护，促进双向投资。
四、促进贸易投资便利化和产业交流与合作。
第二章贸易与投资第三条货物贸易一、双方同意，在本协议第七条规定的货物贸易早期收获基础上，不迟于本协议生效后六个月内就货物贸易协议展开磋商，并尽速完成。
二、货物贸易协议磋商内容包括但不限于：（一）关税减让或消除模式；（二）原产地规则；（三）海关程序；（四）非关税措施，包括但不限于技术性贸易壁垒（tbt）、卫生与植物卫生措施（sps）；（五）贸易救济措施，包括世界贸易组织《关于实施1994年关税与贸易总协定第六条的协定》、《补贴与反补贴措施协定》、《保障措施协定》规定的措施及适用于双方之间货物贸易的双方保障措施。
三、依据本条纳入货物贸易协议的产品应分为立即实现零关税产品、分阶段降税产品、例外或其他产品三类。
四、任何一方均可在货物贸易协议规定的关税减让承诺的基础上自主加速实施降税。
第四条服务贸易一、双方同意，在第八条规定的服务贸易早期收获基础上，不迟于本协议生效后六个月内就服务贸易协议展开磋商，并尽速完成。
《海峡两岸经济合作框架协议》的内容、政策及发展趋势
案例4
某贸易经销商从台湾进口自行车整车到大 陆，大陆的进口关税：
（2009年） 13% （2011年） 5% （2012年）零关税 由此可见，通过一出一进，大陆、台湾的
企业都可以享受到减免关税的好处。
《海峡两岸经济合作框架协议 》的内容、政策及发展趋势
了解ECFA
什么是ECFA？ 大陆称《海峡两岸经济合作框架协议》 英文全称 Cross-Straits Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement 简称 ECFA 与企业有什么关系？ 1、企业出口到台湾的产品可以凭ECFA原产地证书 享受到台湾海关的关税减免；企业的进口原材料 也可以凭借此证书享受到大陆海关的关税减免。
台湾对大陆产品降税
在此网站可以查询： /→ 首页-原产地证签证-动态信息→聚焦ECFA
货物贸易早期收获 （大陆对台方降税产品分类）
序号
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
产品类别
农产品 化工产品 轻工产品 纺织产品 冶金产品 机械产品 电子产品 汽车及配件 仪器仪表 医疗产品 合计
协议税率
早期收获计划 早期收获计划 实施第1年 实施第2年
早期收获计划 实施第3年
1
0＜X≤2.5
0
2
2.5＜X≤7.5
2.50Βιβλιοθήκη 3X＞7.55
2.5
0
案例3
深圳某台资企业将自行车配件从大陆出口 至台湾，以一月份数据计算：共进口了 20097.62吨自行车配件,台方的进口关税： 2009年 5%
↓ 2011年 2.5%
股权转让纠纷20个经典案例
一、股权竞买人对拍卖信息负审慎审查义务案例：安徽实嘉房地产开发有限公司与合肥鑫城国有资产经营有限公司股权拍卖纠纷上诉案《人民司法•案例》2014年第18期裁判要旨：股权竞买人应该正视股权拍卖的特点和规律，只有在转让人披露信息不实并构成违约时，才能请求法院支持其减少支付相应转让价款的主张，反之则败诉。
二、台商投资内地个体医疗诊所的法律效力案例：林峰亮等诉胡月梅股权转让纠纷案《人民司法•案例》2013年第8期裁判要旨：2006年以来，大陆在医疗领域的惠台措施不断出台，台商纷纷投资大陆医疗机构。
但投资医院的门槛较高，许多台商大多以隐名投资者身份进入个体诊所或门诊部。
随着投资项目的增加，纠纷接踵而至。
本案是关于转让医疗门诊部的纠纷，转让合同是否因违反投资导向而无效就成为本案争议焦点。
从投资导向角度看，《海峡两岸经济合作框架协议》附件四《服务贸易早期收获部门及开放措施》签署后，厦门的地方法规规定台商可以投资医疗机构。
从工商变更登记角度看，个体工商户经营者可以变更，医疗门诊部的法定代表人也可以变更，投资权益理应可以转让。
从隐名投资角度分析，最高人民法院的司法解释规定外商投资所签订的隐名投资协议是有效的，除非违反投资导向、违反效力性强制规范。
三、工商行政机关股东变更登记审慎审查义务的确定案例：赵国良与崇仁县工商行政管理局股权变更登记纠纷上诉案《人民司法•案例》2013年第6期裁判要旨：工商行政机关办理股权转让登记过程中，不仅要审查申报材料是否完备并符合法定形式，而且应以行政法一般原则中的合理行政原则为依据、以登记机关判断与识别能力为限度、在专业范围内对申报材料中的签字盖章等内容的真实性负审查责任。
四、股东抽逃出资的民事法律后果案例：胡元中与汤敏股权纠纷上诉案《人民司法•案例》2013年第2期裁判要旨：公司成立后，股东不得抽逃出资，这是公司法规定的基本原则之一。
股东出资是公司赖以存在和运营的基础，因此，抽逃出资行为，被公司法严格禁止并严厉惩处。
2018-2019《海峡两岸经济合作框架协议》全文
《海峡两岸经济合作框架协议》全文序言
海峡两岸关系协会与财团法人海峡交流基金会遵循平等互惠、循序渐进的原则，达成加强海峡两岸经贸关系的意愿；
双方同意，本着世界贸易组织（wto）基本原则，考虑双方的经济条件，逐步减少或消除彼此间的贸易和投资障碍，创造公平的贸易与投资环境；通过签署《海峡两岸经济合作框架协议》（以下简称本协议），进一步增进双方的贸易与投资关系，建立有利于两岸经济繁荣与发展的合作机制；
经协商，达成协议如下：
第一章总则
第一条目标
本协议目标为：
一、加强和增进双方之间的经济、贸易和投资合作。
二、促进双方货物和服务贸易进一步自由化，逐步建立公平、透明、便利的投资及其保障机制。
三、扩大经济合作领域，建立合作机制。
第二条合作措施
双方同意，考虑双方的经济条件，采取包括但不限于以下措施，加强海峡两岸的经济交流与合作：
一、逐步减少或消除双方之间实质多数货物贸易的关税和非关税
- 1 -。
海峡两岸经济合作框架协议是什么
海峡两岸经济合作框架协议是什么中国的经济发展非常迅速，在20世纪末期中国大陆的经济和中国台湾和中国香港是无法相提并论的，但是当前中国大陆的经济发展非常迅速，海峡两岸之间经常会进行经济合作，所以对于海峡两岸经济合作框架协议的内容是需要我们去了解的，那具体而言海峡两岸经济合作框架协议是什么呢？中国的经济发展非常迅速，在20世纪末期中国大陆的经济和中国台湾和中国香港是无法相提并论的，但是当前中国大陆的经济发展非常迅速，海峡两岸之间经常会进行经济合作，所以对于海峡两岸经济合作框架协议的内容是需要我们去了解的，那具体而言海峡两岸经济合作框架协议是什么呢？▲海峡两岸经济合作框架协议▲总则▲第一条目标《海峡两岸经济合作框架协议》目标为：一、加强和增进海峡两岸之间的经济、贸易和投资合作。
二、促进海峡两岸货物贸易和服务贸易进一步自由化，逐步建立公平、透明、便利的投资及其保障机制。
三、扩大经济合作领域，建立合作机制。
▲第二条合作措施海峡两岸同意，考虑海峡两岸的经济条件，采取包括但不限于以下措施，加强海峡两岸的经济交流与合作：一、逐步减少或消除海峡两岸之间实质多数货物贸易的关税和非关税壁垒。
二、逐步减少或消除海峡两岸之间涵盖众多部门的服务贸易限制性措施。
三、提供投资保护，促进双向投资。
四、促进贸易投资便利化和产业交流与合作。
▲贸易与投资▲第三条货物贸易一、海峡两岸同意，在《海峡两岸经济合作框架协议》第七条规定的“货物贸易早期收获”基础上，不迟于《海峡两岸经济合作框架协议》实施后六个月内就《海峡两岸货物贸易协议》展开磋商，并尽速完成。
二、《海峡两岸货物贸易协议》磋商内容包括但不限于：（一）关税减让或消除模式；（二）原产地规则；（三）海关程序；（四）非关税措施，包括但不限于技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）、卫生与植物卫生措施（SPS）；（五）贸易救济措施，包括世界贸易组织《关于实施1994年关税与贸易总协定第六条的协定》、《补贴与反补贴措施协定》、《保障措施协定》规定的措施及适用于海峡两岸之间货物贸易的海峡两岸保障措施。
海峡两岸经济合作框架协议(二)
海峡两岸经济合作框架协议(二)文章属性•【制定机关】海峡两岸关系协会,台湾海峡交流基金会•【公布日期】2010.06.29•【文号】•【施行日期】2010.06.29•【效力等级】团体规定•【时效性】现行有效•【主题分类】正文续（一）附件二适用于货物贸易早期收获产品的临时原产地规则第一条定义就本规则而言：海关估价协定是指作为《马拉喀什建立世界贸易组织协定》组成部分的《关于实施1994年关税与贸易总协定第七条的协定》。
可互换材料是指在商业上可互换的材料，其性质实质相同，仅凭目视无法加以区分。
公认的会计原则是指一方有关记录收入、支出、成本、资产及负债、信息披露以及编制财务报表方面公认的实质上具有权威性的会计准则。
上述准则包括普遍适用的概括性指引、详细的标准、惯例及程序。
材料是指构成另一货物的一部分或用于生产另一货物的货物，包括组成成分、零件、部件、组件及半组装件。
中性成分是指在另一货物的生产、测试或检验过程中使用，但本身不构成该货物组成成分的货物。
非原产材料是指除依据本规则规定具备原产资格的材料以外的其他材料。
原产材料或原产货物是指依据本规则规定具备原产资格的材料或货物。
生产是指获得货物的方法，包括但不限于种植、饲养、开采、收获、捕捞、耕种、诱捕、狩猎、捕获、采集、收集、养殖、提取、制造、加工或装配。
协调制度是指世界海关组织编制的《商品名称及编码协调制度》。
品目是指协调制度使用的四位数编码。
子目是指协调制度使用的六位数编码。
第二条原产货物除本规则另有规定外，符合下列情况之一的货物应认定为原产于一方：（一）该货物是依据本规则第三条的规定，在一方完全获得；（二）该货物完全是在一方或双方，仅由原产材料生产；（三）该货物是在一方或双方使用非原产材料生产，符合第四条产品特定规则。
第三条完全获得货物依据本规则第二条（一）的规定，下列货物应认定为在一方完全获得：（一）在一方出生并饲养的活动物；（二）在一方从上述（一）所述活动物中获得的产品；（三）在一方收获、采摘或采集的植物或植物产品；（四）在一方狩猎、诱捕、捕捞、耕种、采集或捕获获得的货物；（五）在一方采掘的矿物；（六）一方在相关的水域、海床或底土获得的产品；（七）在一方注册的加工船上，完全用上述（六）所述货物加工、制造的货物；（八）在一方加工过程中产生且仅用于原材料回收的废碎料，或在一方消费后所收集且仅用于原材料回收的废品；（九）在一方完全从上述（一）至（八）所述货物获得的货物。
服务贸易(规范版)2篇
服务贸易(规范版)2篇Trade in services (normative Edition)甲方：___________________________乙方：___________________________签订日期：____ 年 ____ 月 ____ 日合同编号：XX-2020-01服务贸易(规范版)2篇前言：贸易合同又称契约或合约，是进口出口双方当事人依照法律通过协商就各自的在贸易上的权利和义务所达成的具有法律约束力的协议。
本文档根据贸易合同内容要求和特点展开说明，具有实践指导意义，便于学习和使用，本文档下载后内容可按需编辑修改及打印。
本文简要目录如下：【下载该文档后使用Word打开，按住键盘Ctrl键且鼠标单击目录内容即可跳转到对应篇章】1、篇章1：技术服务贸易合同模板(通用版)2、篇章2：技术服务贸易合同范文(最新版)篇章1:技术服务贸易合同模板(通用版)甲方：乙方：丙方：甲方作为丙方的注册中心或注册商，在其所辖区内负责推广丙方提供的亿网行智能商贸平台年度技术支持服务，让更多的本地企业享用亿网行智能商贸平台。
甲乙丙三方本着“真诚合作、互守承诺”的原则，经三方友好协商，达成如下服务合同：一、年度技术支持服务内容服务名称亿网行智能商贸平台超值型，年度技术支持服务定义（乙方网站）顶级国际域名二级域名服务提供条件乙方完全遵守本合同服务费用年服务费：人民币玖佰捌拾元整，（rmb 980元） /年续签条件乙方购买亿网行智能商贸平台超值型年度技术支持服务满一年，并再次获得甲方、丙方三方同意。
续签费用1年技术支持服务费：人民币玖佰捌拾元整，（rmb 980元） /年主要服务项目参见丙方的权利和义务服务期限自乙方的亿网行智能商贸平台超值型开通之日起1年内。
二、甲方的权利和义务 1、甲乙丙三方签署本合同后，甲方向乙方收取亿网行智能商贸平台超值型的合同规定的年度技术支持服务费，由甲方向乙方提供亿网行智能商贸平台（超值型）授权激活初始套装，套装里包括激活卡（卡号、密码）、授权证一张、光盘一张、操作手册一本。
服务贸易规则英语
服务贸易规则英语
服务贸易规则在英语中通常被称为“Trade in Services Rules”或“Services Trade Regulations”。
这一术语涉及国际间服务交易的法律、规章和政策。
服务贸易规则旨在规范和促进不同国家之间服务行业的贸易，确保交易的公平性、透明度和可预测性。
这些规则可能包括服务贸易的关税、市场准入、国内法规、投资限制、知识产权保护以及争端解决机制等方面的条款。
服务贸易规则是国际贸易协议的一部分，例如世界贸易组织（WTO）的《服务贸易总协定》（GATS），以及区域贸易协定，如北美自由贸易协定（NAFTA）和欧盟与第三国的各种服务贸易协议。
这些规则对于希望在国际服务市场开展业务的公司和个人至关重要，因为它们决定了市场准入的条件、服务的提供方式以及服务供应商的权利和义务。
在服务贸易规则中，英语作为一种国际商务语言，扮演着极其重要的角色。
它是国际商务沟通、合同草拟、贸易谈判和官方文件的主要语言，确保了来自不同国家和文化背景的参与方能够有效地交流和理解。
因此，对于从事服务贸易的专业人士来说，掌握英语以及相关的专业术语和表达方式是必不可少的。
1。
服务贸易中英文合同模板
合同编号：____________签订日期：____________签订地点：____________甲方（服务提供方）：名称：_________________________地址：_________________________法定代表人：____________________联系电话：_____________________电子邮箱：_____________________乙方（服务接受方）：名称：_________________________地址：_________________________法定代表人：____________________联系电话：_____________________电子邮箱：_____________________鉴于：1. 甲方具备提供_________（具体服务内容）服务的资质和能力；2. 乙方需要甲方提供上述服务以满足其业务需求；3. 双方本着平等互利的原则，经友好协商，达成如下协议：第一条服务内容1.1 甲方同意向乙方提供以下服务：- 服务名称：_________________________- 服务范围：_________________________- 服务期限：从____年____月____日至____年____月____日1.2 甲方应按照乙方的要求，确保服务质量达到以下标准：- 服务质量标准：_________________________- 交付成果形式：_________________________第二条服务费用及支付方式2.1 本合同服务费用总额为人民币____元整（大写：____元整）。
2.2 支付方式：- 乙方应在本合同签订后____个工作日内支付总额的____%作为预付款；- 剩余的____%应在服务完成并经乙方验收合格后____个工作日内支付。
2.3 付款方式：_________________________第三条服务期限及终止3.1 本合同自双方签字盖章之日起生效，有效期为____年。
论CEPA中服务提供者在新环境下的定义与标准(2003-2013)
论CEPA中“服务提供者”在新环境下的定义与标准（2003~2013）为促进内地和香港经济的共同发展，内地和香港于2003年签署了《内地与香港关于建立更紧密经贸关系的安排》（以下简称CEPA），其内容涵盖货物和服务贸易自由化以及贸易投资便利化措施。
在“循序渐进”的原则下，双方自2004年以来就进一步的开放措施进行多轮磋商，每年签署一个补充协议。
到2013年8月29日为止，双方共签署十个补充协议。
其中，《〈内地与香港关于建立更紧密经贸关系的安排〉补充协议十》（以下简称《CEPA补充协议十》[1]）包括65项服务贸易开放措施，以及8项加强两地金融合作和便利贸易投资的措施；其中有15项在广东先行先试，主要集中在金融、法律、检测认证、通信等服务贸易领域。
时任香港特区政府财政司司长曾俊华在签署仪式上表示，《CEPA补充协议十》是自2003年CEPA签署以来，涵盖最多措施的补充协议，部分措施在开放力度上超过近年的补充协议，有些更是业界殷切期待多年的。
[2]至此，内地对香港开放的服务贸易的领域达到48个，开放措施总共达到403项。
服务领域一直是CEPA推进贸易自由化的重点。
从2004年1月1日起实施至今，CEPA在服务贸易方面已经取得令人瞩目的成就。
正确界定“服务提供者”的定义和标准是实施CEPA 的一项重要内容。
特别在《CEPA补充协议八》签署后，对于“服务提供者”的定义和标准又有了进一步的发展，准确分析这些新发展对于CEPA的运行效果、开放程度以及CEPA吸纳其他国家和地区的投资等都有重要影响。
因此，在新环境下，对CEPA下的“服务提供者”问题进行探讨分析，颇有意义。
一 CEPA中关于“服务”和“服务提供者”的规定CEPA中服务贸易方面的规定主要集中在CEPA附件4《关于开放服务贸易领域的具体承诺》和附件5《关于“服务提供者”定义及相关规定》中。
附件4主要是对服务领域的具体承诺，包括了具体部门及分部门的领域、方式及时间安排，主要解决的是符合条件的香港服务提供者可以在内地何种服务领域从事何种形式的服务以及如何进行服务的安排，但其中也不乏对于服务提供者的资格要求。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
Annex VDefinitions of Service Suppliers Applicable to Sectors and Liberalization Measures Under the Early Harvest for Trade in Services The two Parties agree to define Service Supplier1in the service sectors and liberalization measures listed in Annex IV of the Cross-Straits Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement(hereinafter referred to as Annex IV) that are beyond their respective World Trade Organization commitments as follows:1. The service supplier applicable to the sectors and liberalization measures under the Early Harvest for trade in services refers to a natural person or juridical person of one Party that provides services to the other Party.2(1) “Natural person of one Party”refers to the natural person that holds the identity certificate of either Party;(2 ) “Juridical person of one Party” refers to the entity that is constituted in either Party according to its regulations, which includes any company, trust, partnership, joint venture, sole proprietorship or association (chamber of commerce).2. A service supplier of one Party that is a juridical person shall simultaneously meet the following conditions:(1) the nature and scope of the services supplied in this Party shall include the nature and scope of the services intended to be supplied in the other Party;3(2) the following requirements shall be met when engaging in substantive business operation in this Party:a. such a service supplier shall have engaged in business operations with the same nature and scope of services for three consecutive4years or more as such a supplier intends to provide in the other Party. Among which:A banking institution of one Party that engages in banking and other financial services (excluding securities, futures and insurance) shall have obtained business license(s) from and registered with the banking supervisory and regulatory authority in this Party, and have been engaging in business operations for five consecutive years or more;A securities and futures company of one Party that engages in securities, futures and related services shall have obtained business license(s) from and registered with the securities and futures supervisory and regulatory authority in this Party, and have been engaging in business operations for five consecutive years or more;An insurance company of one Party that engages in insurance and related 1Only applicabl e to service suppliers that will provid e services in the mode of commercial presence.2Excluding branches, representative offices, liaison offices, or other non-juridical institutions.3As to medical service suppliers in Taiwan’s sid e, such suppliers include: (1) juridical-person medical institutions; (2) the founders of medical institutions; (3) the special-purpose companies established by the medical institutions.4As to the medical service suppliers in Taiwan’s side, the medical institutions provided for in footnote 3 shall comply with this requirement.services, shall have obtained business license(s) from and registered with the insurance supervisory and regulatory authority in this Party, and have been engaging in business operations for five consecutive years or more;b. such a service supplier shall have been paying income tax in this Party;c. such a service supplier shall own or lease business premises in this Party.3. In order to be qualified to the preferential treatments that are listed in Annex IV and beyond the commitments in the World Trade Organization, the service supplier of one Party shall file an application, accompanied by appropriate documentation and information, with the competent authority or its consigned institutions of such Party, for a Service Supplier Certificate in accordance with the following requirements:(1) A natural person service supplier of one Party shall provide identity certificate and other documentation and information deemed necessary by the competent authority or its consigned institutions;(2) A juridical person service supplier of one Party shall provide:a. Copy of the registration certificate;b. Copy of the tax payment certificate of the latest three or five years;c. Audited financial statements of the latest three or five years;d. Certificate documents or their copies of business premises ownership or lease;e. Other documentation or their copies that serve to prove the nature and scope of services provided;f. Other documentation or information deemed necessary by the competent authority or its consigned institutions.4. The competent authority or its consigned institutions of one Party shall issue a Service Supplier Certificate to a service supplier of such Party upon finding that the relevant documents and information submitted by such service supplier pursuant to Item 3 of this Annex conform to the provisions of this Annex.5. When a service supplier of one Party applies to provide in the other Party the services that are listed in Annex IV and beyond the commitments in the World Trade Organization, such a service supplier shall provide related competent authorities with a valid Service Supplier Certificate as well as documents and information required for the related service sectors involved in the application.6. The service supplier of one Party that has been providing services in the other Party may apply for a Service Supplier Certificate according to related provisions in this Annex to enjoy the preferential treatments that are listed in Annex IV and beyond the commitments in the World Trade Organization.。