职称英语卫生类C级真题2014年
2014年职称英语卫生类C级考试试题及答案解析(一)
职称英语卫生类C级考试试题及答案解析(一)一、词汇选择（本大题15小题．每题1.0分，共15.0分。
下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与画线部分意义最相近的词或短语。
请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
）第1题What influenced you to do it?A affirmedB affectedC invitedD interested【正确答案】：B【本题分数】：1.0分【答案解析】influenced意思为“影响”，四个选项中，意思最接近的是B项affected“影响”，另外三项的意思分别为A．affirmed“证实”；C．invited“邀请”；D．interested“使……感兴趣”。
第2题According to many sources, the safest drinking water is from a piped supply.A many resourcesB a great deal of informationC many sausagesD a great deal of salvage【正确答案】：B【本题分数】：1.0分【答案解析】B．many sources=a great deal of information“许多信息”；many resources“许多资源”；many sausages“许多香肠”；a great deal ofsalvage“大量的抢救费用”。
句意：许多信息表明，最安全的水是管道提供的水。
第3题When once you have caught the disease, you are immune from it for the rest of your life.A freeB busyC calmD impatient【正确答案】：A【本题分数】：1.0分【答案解析】immune“免疫的”；free“免于”；busy“忙于”；calm“安静”；impatient“不耐烦”。
2014年职称英语卫生类C级考试试题及答案解析(十三)
职称英语卫生类C级考试试题及答案解析(十三）一、词汇选择（本大题15小题．每题1.0分，共15.0分。
下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与画线部分意义最相近的词或短语。
请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
）第1题He was able to mend the cup and saucer.A. washB. repairC. decorateD. mold【正确答案】：B【本题分数】：1.0分【答案解析】Mend=re pair“修理”；wash“清洗”；decorate“装饰”；mold“用模子做”。
第2题The most pressing problem any economic system faces is how to use its scarce resources.A. puzzlingB. controversialC. terrifyingD. urgent【正确答案】：D【本题分数】：1.0分【答案解析】本题要求找出pressing(紧急的、迫切的)的同义词，对比四个选项的意思A，puzzling“令人迷惑的”；B．controversial“有争议的”；C．terrifying“可怕的”；D．urgent“紧急的”，可选出D为最佳答案。
第3题Launched in the autumn of 1976 in London, and now published ten times a year.A. EndedB. FollowedC. IncludedD. Started【正确答案】：D【本题分数】：1.0分【答案解析】launch“发起”；end“结束”；Follow“跟随”；start“开始”。
第4题Although buses are scheduled to depart at a certain hour, they are often late.A. listedB. requiredC. obligatedD. located【正确答案】：B【本题分数】：1.0分【答案解析】schedule在句中的意思为“预定”，对比四个选项的意思，A．listed“列单”；B．required“要求”；C．obligated“使负义务”；D．located“设立”，只有B项意思最接近，故应选B。
2014职称英语真题及答案(各类最全)
2014年职称英语考试真题(综合类C级)第一部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分)下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。
1.The AIDS convention will be held in Glasgow.A.partyB.celebrationC.unionD.conference2.He made a number of rude remarks about the food.mentsB.signsC.mannersD.noises3.The new service helped boost pre-tax profits by10%.A.returnB.realizeC.increaseD.doubleck of space forbids further treatment of the topic here.A.receivesB.preventsC.deservesD.accepts5.Take some spare clothes in case you get wet,A.extraB.fineC.winterD.outdoor6.The book raised a storm of controversy.A.damageB.voiceC.argumentD.doubt7.His heart gave a sudden leap when he saw her.A.jumpB.hopeC.silenceD.life8.I'm sure I'll able to amuse myself for a few hours.A.treatB.entertainC.holdD.keep9.Some comments are just inviting trouble.A.keeping out ofB.getting intoC.asking forD.suffering from10.My principal concern is to get the job done fast.A.seriousB.deepC.particularD.main11.Several windows had been smashed.A.cleanedB.brokenC.replacedD.fixed12.His knowledge of French is fair.A.quite goodB.very usefulC.very limitedD.rather special13.They are trying to identify what is wrong with the present system.A.discoverB.proveC.considerD.imagine14.The worst agonies of the war were now beginning.A.partsB.aspectsC.painsD.results15.Afterwards there was just a feeling of letdown.A.excitementB.disappointmentC.angerD.calm第二部分：阅读判断(第16～22题，每题l分，共7分)下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。
2014职称英语C级完形填空及译文
2014职称英语教材-卫生类C级5篇完形填空及参考译文（红色为书中选项答案）1 Better Control of TB Seen If a Faster Cure Is FoundThe World Health Organization1 estimates that about one-third of all people are infected with bacteria that cause tuberculosis . Most times, the infection remains inactive. But each year about eight million people develop active cases of TB, usually in their lungs. Two million people die of of it. The disease has increased with the spread of AIDS and drug-resistant forms of tuberculosis.Current treatments take at least six months. People have to take a combination of several antibiotic drugs daily. But many people stop as soon as they feel better. Doing that can lead to an infection that resists treatment. Public health experts agree that a faster-acting cure for tuberculosis would be more effective. Now a study estimates just how effective it might be. A professor of international health at Harvard University2 led the study. Joshua Salomon says a shorter treatment program would likely mean not just more patients cured. It would also mean fewer infectious patients who can pass on their infection to others.The researchers developed a mathematical model to examine the effects of a two-month treatment plan. They tested the model with current TB conditions in Southeast Asia. The scientists found that a two-month treatment could prevent about twenty percent of new cases. And it might prevent about twenty-five percent of TB deaths. The model shows that these reductions would take place between two thousand twelve and two thousand thirty. That is, if a faster cure is developed and in wide use by two thousand twelve.The World Health Organization reductions the DOTS3 program in nineteen ninety. DOTS is Directly Observed Treatment, Short-course. Health workers watch tuberculosis patients take their daily pills to make sure they continue treatment.Earlier this year, an international partnership of organizations announced a plan to expand the DOTS program. The ten-year plan also aims to finance research into new TB drugs. The four most common drugs used now are more than forty years old. The Global Alliance for TB Drug Development4 says its long-term goal is a treatment that could work in as few as ten doses.2 A Biological Clock(新增)Every living thing has what sicentists call a biological clock that controls behavior. The biological clock tells plants when to form flowers and when the folwers should open, It tells insects when to leave the protective cocoons and fly away, and it tells animals and human beings when to eat, skeep and wake.Events outside the plant and animal affect the actions of some biological clocks. Scientists recently found, for example,that a tiny animal changes the color of its fur because of the number of hours of daylight, In the short days of winter, its fur becomes white,The fur becomes gray brown in color in the longer hours of daylight in summer.Inner signals control other biological clocks. German scientists found that some kind of internal clock seems to order birds to begin their long migration flight twice each year. Birdsprevented from flyin become restless when it is time for the trip, but they become calm again when the time of the flight has ended.Scientists say they are beginning to learn which parts of the brain contain biological clocks.An American researcher,Martin Moorhead,said a small group of cells near the front of the brain seems to control the timing of some of our actions, These cells tell a oerson when to awaken,when to sleep and when to seek food, Scientists say there probably are other biological clock cells that control other body activities.Dr.Moorhead is studying how our biological clocks affect the way we do our work. For example, most of us have great difficulty if we must often change to different work hours.It Can take many days for a human body to accept the major change in work hours Dr.Moorhead said industrial officials should have a better understanding of biological clocks and how they affect workers ,He said such understanding could cut sickness and accidents at work and would help increase a factory`s production.3 One Good Reason to Let Smallpox LiveIt’s now a fair bet that we will never see the total extinction of the smallpox virus. The idea was to cap the glorious achievement of 1980, when smallpox was eradicated in the wild, by destroying the killer virus in the last two labs that are supposed to have it—one in the US and one in Russia. If smallpox had truly gone from the planet, what point was there in keeping these reserves?in reality, of course, it was naive to imagine that everyone would let go of such a potential weapon. Undoubtedly several nations still have a few much vials. And the last “official” stocks of lice virus bred mistrust of the US and Russia, for no obvious gain.Now American researchers have found an animal model of the human disease, opening the way for tests on new treatments and vaccines. So one again there’s a good reason to keep the virus —just in case t he disease puts in a reappearance.How do we_deal with the mistrust of the US and Russia? Simple Keep the virus under international auspices in a well-guarded UN laboratory that’s open to all countries. The US will object, of course, just as it rejects a multilateral approach to just about everything. But it doesn’t mean the idea is wrong. If the virus is useful, then let’s make it the servant of all humanity—not just a part of it.4 Diet, Alcohol Linked to Nearly One Third of CancersDiet is second only to tobacco as a leading cause of cancer and, along with alcohol, is responsible for nearly one third of cases of the disease in developed countries, a leading researcher said on Tuesday.Dr. Tim Key, of the University of Oxford, told a cancer conference that scientists are still discovering how certain foods contribute to cancer,but they know that diet, alcohol and obesity . play a major role.“Five percent of cancers could be avoided if nobody was obese,” he said.While tobacco is blinked to about 30 percent of cancer cases, diet is involved in an estimated 25 percent and alcohol in about six percent.Obesity raises the risk of breast, womb, bowel and kidney cancer, while alcohol is known to cause cancers of the mouth, throat and liver, Its dangerous impact is increased when combined with smoking.Key told the meeting of the charity Cancer Research UK that other elements of diet linked to cancer are still unknown but scientists are hoping that the EPIC study, which is comparing the diets of 500,000 people in 10 countries and their risk of cancer, will provide some answers.Early results of the study have revealed that Norway, Sweden and Denmark have the lowest consumption of fruit and vegetables among European countries while Italy and Spain have the highest. Eating at least five portions of fruit and vegetables a day is recommended to reduce the risk of cancer.Key, principal scientist on the EPIC study, said it is looking at dietary links to some of the most common cancers including colorectal, breast and prostate.5 Men Too May Suffer from Domestic ViolenceNearly three in 10 men have experienced violence at the hands of an intimate partner during their lifetimes, according to one of the few studies to look at domestic violence and health among men."Many men actually do experience domestic violence, although we don't hear about it often," Dr. Robert J. Reid of the University of Washington in Seattle, one of the study's authors, told Reuters Health. "They often don't tell __ and__ we don't ask. We want to get the message out to men who do experience domestic violence that they are not alone and there are resources available to them "The researchers asked study participants about physical abuse and non-physical abuse , such as threats that made them fear for their safety, controlling behavior (for example, being told who they could associate with and where they could go), and constant name-calling.Among men 18 to 54 years old, 14.2 percent said they had experienced intimate partner __violence in the past five years, while 6. 1 percent reported domestic violence in the previous year.Rates were lower for men 55 and older ,with 5.3 percent reporting violence in the past five years and 2.4 percent having experienced it in the past 12 months.Overall, 30.5 percent of men younger than 55 and 26.5 percent of older men said they had been victims of domestic violence at some point in their lives. About half of the violence the men experienced was physical.However, the physical violence men reported wasn't as harsh as that suffered by women in a previous study; 20 percent to 40 percent of the men rated it as severe, compared to 61 percent ofwomenMen who reported experiencing domestic violence had more emotional and mental health problems than those who had not, especially older men, the researchers found.译文1.找到速效治疗剂可以更好控制结核病世界卫生组织估计全球有大约三分之一的人感染了导致结核病的病菌。
2014年职称英语考试卫生类C级试题及参考答案
2014年职称英语考试卫生类C级试题及参考答案词汇选项：1. Lack of space forbids further treatment of the topic here.A. receivesB. deservesC. preventsD. accepts2. His knowledge of French is fair.A. quite goodB. very usefulC. very limitedD. rather special3. The new service helped boost pre-tax profits by 10%.A. returnB. increaseC. realizeD. double4. He made a number of rude remarks about the food.A. commentsB. signsC. mannersD. noises5. Take some spare clothes in case you get wet.A. fineB. winterC. outdoorD. extra6. Afterwards there was just a feeling of let-down.A. disappointmentB. excitementC. angerD. calm7. The book raised a storm of controversy.A. damageB. voiceC. argumentD. doubt8. The worst agonies of the war were now beginning.A. partsB. painsC. aspectsD. results9. My principal concern is to get the job done fast.A. seriousB. deepC. mainD. particular10. They are trying to identify what is wrong with the present system.A. proveB. considerC. imagineD. discover11. Some comments are just inviting trouble.A. keeping out ofB. getting intoC. asking forD. suffering from12. I’m sure I’ll be able to amuse myself for a few hours.A. treatB. holdC. entertainD. keep13. Several windows had been smashed.A. brokenB. cleanedC. replacedD. fixed14. The AIDS convention will be held in Glasgow.A. partyB. celebrationC. unionD. conference15. His heart gave a sudden leap when he saw her.A. jumpB. hopeC. silenceD. life参考答案：1. C.2. C.3. B.4. A.5. D.6. A.7. C.8. B.9. C. 10. D.11. B. 12. C. 13. A. 14. D. 15. A.阅读判断：Some Schooling on BackpacksAccording to the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission. 5,900 kids were treated at hospital emergency rooms, clinics, and doctors’ offices last year for sprains (扭伤) and strains caused by backpacks. Such injuries are so widespread that more than 70 percent of physicians surveyed by the American of Orthopedic (整形外科的) Surgeons listed backpacks as a potential clinical problem for children.How do you avoid such problems? Choose bags that have wide, padded straps (有垫的背带)and a belt. That will help transfer some of the weight from the back and shoulders to the hips. You should also tighten both straps firmly, so the pack rests about 2 inches above your waist. Also, remember to pack your bag with the heaviest items closest to your back and to bend both knees when you pick it up.I low much should you stuff into your back? That depends on your size and strength, but a general rule is not to exceed 20 percent of your body weight. So if a child weights 100 pounds, the backpack and its load should not be more than 20 pounds. One hint: Make frequent trips to your locker (储物柜) to exchange books between classes.Backpacks with wheels let you pull the weight along the ground, but they have problems too. Many are larger than the average shoulder bag, so students are tempted to carry more than they would in a conventional pack.Roller bags often don’t fit in to a locker. They can also lead to tripping and falls in crowded halls. Whatever you use. 10 or 15 minutes of stretching and back strengthening is a good idea.16. About six thousand American kids were injured by carrying backpacks last year.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned17. 70 percent of UK physicians have treated children with sprains and strains.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned18. Backpacks with wide, padded straps and a belt can help to avoid problems of sprains and strains.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned19. A 100-pound child should carry a backpack of more than 20 pounds.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned20. Children should put all the books in their locker.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned21. Roller bags tend to be heavier than ordinary backpacks.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned22. A 10-15 minutes’ exercise will help you bear a heavier backpack.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned参考答案：16. B. 17. B. 18. A. 19. B. 20. B. 21. C. 22. A.概括大意与完成句子：Eye problems1. Our eyes are under a great deal of stain these days as computer work. Television viewing ,night driving, and even sunshine are making exceptional demands Sunlight. Especially in the summer,is now regarded as one cause of cataracts(白内障)2. The thinning of the ozone (臭氧) tayer means more short-wave ultraviolel(UV) rays(紫外线)are reaching the earth. And these are the biggest risk factor for clouding the lens of the eye. Ultraviolet rays increase the risk of changes to the cornea (角膜)causing clouded vision and eventually cataracts .The rays can be shielded only by anti-UV tense. However our eyes are not sufficiently protected by fashion sunglasses.3. “poor night vision and eye fatigue are noticeably more common and there has been a big merease in minof eye complaints in theover-40s” says Dr. Mirelle Bonnet. Who took part in recent research. She says that six muscles controlling each eye move more than 100.000times a day and that everyone should learn to exercise their eye muscles and allow them to rest4. It was traditionally thought that near-or far-sightedness were inherited conditions and could not be influenced by environmental factors ,but new research is challenging this assumption5. Recent student suggest that up to 80 percent of schoolchildren in the United Staes and western Europe are nearsighted. Years of focusing on close. Two-dimensional work causes most children to become at least slightly nearsighted by the age of 10 say the researcher most children to become at least slightly nearsighted by the age of 10 say the researchers.6. Problems with night vision, which affect around 25 percent of people are also on the increase because of computer use. Using computer screens means the eye mus’ operate in elec tromagnetic fields (电磁场)that make it work hard it is estimated that 25 to 30 percent of people have eye conditions, such as difficulty with night vision,which result from staring at a screen23 paragragh 2___B___24 paragragh 3___A__25 paragragh 5___D___26 paragragh 6___E___A,the development of poor night visionB,the grealest threat to the eyesC,the function of sunglassesD,the reason for children’s nearsightednessE,the effects of computer on the eyesF,the ways to reduce eye complaints27 Sunligh in the summer is believed to be one cause of ___B___28 We can wear anti-UV glasses to protect___D___29 we used to believe that near-or far-sightedness were inherited from___A___30 Over 25% of people are estimated to have difficulty with night vision due to___E___A.our parentB.clouded visionC.eye musclesD.our eyesputer useF.eye move阅读理解：第一篇：The Bilingual BrainWhen Karl Kim immigrated to the United States from Korea as a teenager, he had a hard time learning English. Now he speaks it fluently, and he had a unique opportunity to see how our brains adapt to a second language. As a graduate student, Kim worked in the lab of Joy Hirsch, a neuroscientist in New York. their work led to an important discovery. They found evidence that children and adults don't use the same parts of the brain when they learn a second language.The researchers used an instrument called an MRI ( magnetic resonance imaging) scanner to study the brains of two groups of bilingual people. One group consisted of those who had learned a second language as children..The other consisted of people who, like Kim, learned their second language later in life. People from both groups were placed inside the MRI scanner. This allowed Kim and Hirsch to see which parts of the brain were getting more blood and were more active. They asked people from both groups to think about what they had done the day before, first in one language and then the other. They couldn't speak out loud because any movement would disrupt the scanning.Kim and Hirsch looked specifically at two language centers in the brain - Broca's area, which is believed to control speech production, and Wernicke's area, which is thought to process meaning. Kim and Hirsch found that both groups of people used the same part of Wernicke's areano matter what language they were speaking. But their use of Broca's area was different.People who learned a second language as children used the same region in Broca's area for both their first and second languages. People who learned a second language later in life used a different part of Broca's area for their second language. How does Hirsch explain this difference? Hirsch believes that when language is first being programmed in young children, their brains may mix the sounds and structures of all languages in the same area. Once that programming is complete, the processing of a new language must be taken over by a different part of the brain.A second possibility is simply that we may acquire languages differently as children than we do as adults. Hirsch thinks that mothers teach a baby to speak by using different methods involving touch, sound, and sight. And that is very different from learning a language in a high school or college class.31 Kart kim’s study showed thatA people learn English and Korean in different waysB Children and adults use the different parts of the brain to learna second languageC it is not possible for an adult to speak a second language fluentlyD people’s brain will not change when they are learn second language32 How did Kim and Hirsch study the brain of two groups of blingual peopleA They interview them in English and KoreanB they ask them to say the same languageC They used an MRI scanner to observe their brainD They ask them to talk about what had they done before33 Which aspect of the two language centers in the brain does paragragh 3 discuss?A impactB functionC locationD size34 Kim and Hirsch find that childrenA Use the same region in Broca’s area to learn their first and second language.B Learn a second language slowei than aults.C are better at acquiring the brain to program the structures of their first languageD use special parts of the brain to program the structures of their first language35 It can be inferred from the last paragraghA Students do better in high school than in collegeB Bilingual children will learn better in collegeC mothers are good language teachersD it take more time for adults to learn a second language参考答案：31 B 32 C 33B 34 A 35 D第二篇：Approaches to Understanding Intelligences It pays to be smart, but we are not all smart in the same way. You may be a talented musician, but you might not be a good reader. Each of us is different.Psychologists disagree about what is intelligence and what are talents or personal abilities. Psychologists have two different views on intelligence. Some believe there is one general intelligence. Others believe there are many different intelligences.Some psychologists say there is one type of intelligence that can be measured with IQ tests. These psychologists support their view with research that concludes that people who do well on one kind of test formental ability do well on other tests. They do well on tests using words, numbers or pictures. They do well on individual or group tests, and written or oral tests. Those who do poorly on one test, do the same on all tests.Studies of the brain show that there is a biological basis for general intelligence. The brains of intelligent people use less energy during problem solving. The brain waves of people with high intelligence show a quicker reaction. Some researchers conclude that differences in intelligence result from differences in the speed and effectiveness of information processing by the brain.Howard Gardner, a psychologist at the Harvard School of Education, has four children. He believes that all children are different and shouldn’t be tested by one intelligence test. Although Gardner believes general intelligence exists, he thinks that the human mind has different intelligences. These intelligences allow us to solve the kinds of problems we are presented with in life. Each of us has different abilities within these intelligences. Gardner believes that the purpose of school should be to encourage development of all of our intelligences.Gardner says that his theory is based on biology. For example, when one part of the brain is injured, other parts of the brain still work. People who cannot talk because of brain damage can still sing. So, there is not just one intelligence to lose. Gardner has identified 8 different kinds ofintelligence: linguistic, mathematical, spatial, musical, interpersonal, intrapersonal, body-kinesthetic (身体动觉的), and naturalistic.36. What is the main idea of this passage?A. How to understand intelligence.B. The importance of intelligence.C. The development of intelligence tests.D. How to become intelligent.37. Which of the following statements is true concerning general intelligence?A. Most intelligent people do well on some intelligence tests.B. People doing well on one type of intelligence test do well on other tests.C. Intelligent people do not do well on group tests.D. Intelligent people do better on written tests than on oral tests.38. Gardner believes thatA. children have different intelligencesB. all children are alike.C. children should take one intelligence test.D. there is no general intelligence.39. According to Gardner, schools shouldA. promote development of all intelligences.B. test students’ IQs.C. train students who do poorly on tests.D. focus on finding the most intelligent students.40. Gardner thinks that his theory has aA. musical foundation.B. intrapersonal foundation.C. linguistic foundation.D. biological foundation.参考答案：36. A.37. B. 38.A. 39.A. 40. D.第三篇：Some Sleep Drugs Do More Than Make You Sleep The United States Food and Drug Administration has ordered companies to place strong new warnings on thirteen drugs that treat sleep disorders. It also ordered the makers of the sleeping pills to provide information for patients explaining how to safely use the drugs.Last Wednesday, the FDA announced that some of these drugs can have unexpected and dangerous effects. These include the risk oflife-threatening allergic reactions. They also include rare incidents ofstrange behavior. These include people cooking food, eating and even driving while asleep. The patients later had no memory of doing these activities while asleep.Last year, a member of the United States Congress2 said he had a. sleep-driving incident. Patrick Kennedy, a representative from Rhode Island3, crashed his car into a security barrier near the building where lawmakers meet. The accident happened in the 'middle of the night and no one was hurt. Mr. Kennedy said he had earlier taken a sleep medicine. He said he was also being treated with a stomach sickness drug that could cause sleepiness.The Food and Drug Administration did not say in its announcement how many cases of sleep-driving it had documented. However, the New York Times4 reported last year about people who said they had strange sleep events after taking the drug Ambien. Some reported sleep-driving and sleep-walking. Others said they found evidence after waking in the morning that they had cooked food or eaten in their sleep. But they had no memory of carrying out the activities.A Food and Drug Administration official says that these serious side effects of sleep disorder drugs appear to be rare. But, he also says there are probably more cases than are reported.3 He says the agency believes the risk of. such behaviors could be reduced if people take the drugs as directed and do not drink alcohol while taking the drugs. The Food andDrug Administration has advised drug companies to carry out studies to investigate the problem.41. The FDA announced thatA. thirteen drug companies were closed last Wednesday.B. only thirteen drugs could treat sleeping disorders.C. some sleep drugs could lead to serious side effects.D. some makes of sleeping pills provides false information to their patients.42. The FDA warned that some sleeping pillsA. can help people to learn to cookB. prevent people from driving while asleepC. present life-threatening risk to patientsD. have severe effect on a patient’s long-term memory43. What happened to Painck Kennedy last year?A. He crashed his car into a security barnerB. He was killed furing a car accidentC. His car broke down on the way homeD. He was treated for stomachache44. After taking the drug Ambien, some peopleA. are unable to dirveB. don’t know how to cookC. suffer from eating problemsD. fall asleep while walking45. The risk of strange behaviors resulting from taking sleeping pills could be reduced itA. the FDA takes more strict regulationsB. drug companies listen to patients’ adviceC. the New York Times releases more reportsD. people don’t drink alcohol while taking these pills参考答案：41. C. 42.D. 43.A. 44. D. 45. D.补全短文：Do You Have a Sense of Humor?Humor and laughter are good for us. There is increasing evidence that they can heal us physically, mentally, emononally, and spirtualy. In fact every system of the body responds to laughter in some positive. Healing way, so how can we get more laughter into ourlives?__46__.Psychologist and author. Steve Wilson ,has some answers.Many people believe that we are born with a sense humor. They think” either you’ve got it or you don’t Dr. Wilson points out that this is false__47__”The parts of the brain and central nervous system that control laughing and smiling are mature at birth __48__.(After all when a baby laughs we don’t rush over and say that kid has a great sense of humor) A sense of humor is something that you can develop over a latetime.Sometimes people think that they don’t have a good sense of humor because they are not good joke tellers. Dr. Wilson remark us that telling jokes is only one of many ways to express humor __49__.Then we will make others laugh, too.A person who has a true sense of humor is willing and to see the funny side of everyday life. One of the best definitions of a sense of humor is the ability to see the nonserious element in a situation . Consider this sign from a store winoow. Any tautly merchandise will be cheerfully replaced with merchandise of a equal quality. The store manager probably placed the sign in the window to impress customers with the store’s excellent service __50__.As Dr. Wilson says “good sense of humor means that you don’t’ have to be funny, you just to see what’s funny”A. What is true, however, is that we are born with the capacity to laugh and smileB. However that does not mean that infants have a sense of humorC. He advises us to lose our inhibitiors and try to laugh at ourselvesD. Is it possible to develop a sense of humor?E. Everyone experience this emotionF. He had a serious purpose but if you have a sense of humor ,you will probably find the sign funny参考答案：46-50：DABCF完形填空：BedwettingMillions of kids and teenagers from every part of the world wet the bed every single night. It’s so common that there are probably other kids in your clas s who do it. Most kids don’t __51__ their friends, so it's easy to feel kind of alone, like you might be the only one on the whole planet who wets the bed. But you are not __52__.The fancy __53__ for bedwetting is nocturnal enuresis. Enuresis runs in families. This means that if you urinate, or pee, while you are __54__, there's a good __55__ that a close relative also did it when he or she was a kid. Just like you may have __56__ your mom's blue eyes or your uncle's long legs, you probably inherited bedwetting, too.The most important thing to remember is that no one __57__ the bed on purpose. It doesn’t mean that you're __58__ or a slob, It'ssomething you can't help __59__. For some reason, kids who wet the bed are not able to feel that their bladder is full and don't __60__ up to pee in the toilet. Sometimes a kid who wets the bed will have a realistic __61__ that he's in the bathroom peeing -- only to wake up later and discover he's all wet. Many kids who wet the bed are very __62__ sleepers. Trying to wake up someone who wets the bed is often like trying to wake a log - they just stay asleep.Some kids who wet the bed do it every single night. Others wet some nights and are __63__ on others. A lot of kids say that they seem to be drier when they sleep at a friend's or a realitive’s house. That's because kids who are anxious __64__ wetting the bed may not sleep much or only very lightly. So the brain may be thinking, "Hey, you! Don't wet someone else’s bed!”This can help you __65__ dry even if you're not aware of it.51. A. speak B. report C. tell D. ask52. A. lonely B. yourself C. one D. alone53. A. symbol B. sign C. name D. mark54. A. asleep B. unknown C. unaware D. sleepy55. A. function B. chance C. risk D. ability56. A. inherited B. made C. seen D. bought57. A. climbs B. wets C. cares D. fixes58. A. lazy B. untidy C. unclear D. stupid59. A. thinking B. doing C. working D. looking60. A. wake B. live C. set D. rise61. A. memory B. thought C. idea D. dream62. A. deep B. slow C. light D. clever63. A. bad B. sad C. poor D. dry64. A. about B. for C. over D. with65. A. end B. stay C. last D. begin参考答案：51. C. 52. D. 53. C. 54. A. 55. B. 56. A. 57. B. 58. A.59. B. 60. A. 61. D. 62. A 63. D. 64. A. 65. B.。
2014年职称英语卫生类C级考试试题及答案解析(二十二)
职称英语卫生类C级考试试题及答案解析(二十二）一、词汇选择（本大题7小题．每题1.0分，共7.0分。
下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与画线部分意义最相近的词或短语。
请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
）第1题In 1881 Clara Barton founded the American National Red Cross, an organization whose goal is to relieve human suffering.A. joinedB. defendedC. locatedD. established【正确答案】：D【本题分数】：1.0分【答案解析】founded意为“建立”，joined意为“加入”，defended意为“防卫”，located意为“坐落在”，established意为“建立”。
故正确选项为D。
第2题Pocahontas, a young American Indian princess, assisted the early European settlers in the colony of VirginiaA. fedB. attractedC. helpedD. liked【正确答案】：C【本题分数】：1.0分【答案解析】assisted意为“帮助”，fed意为“喂”，attracted意为“吸引”，helped 意为“帮助”，liked意为“喜欢”。
故正确选项为C。
第3题As a composer, pianist, and band leader, Duke Ellington was a key figure in the history of jazz (爵士).A. lonelyB. importantC. musicalD. royal【正确答案】：B【本题分数】：1.0分【答案解析】key意为“关键的”，lonely意为“孤单的”，important意为“重要的musical意为“音乐的”，royal意为“皇家的”。
2014年职称英语(卫生类)C级真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)
2014年职称英语（卫生类）C级真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. 词汇选项 2. 阅读判断 3. 概括大意与完成句子 4. 阅读理解 5. 补全短文6. 完形填空词汇选项(第1-15题，每题1分，共15分)下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。
1．Lack of space forbids further treatment of the topic here.A．receivesB．deservesC．preventsD．accepts正确答案：C解析：本句意思：受篇幅所限，在此不能深入阐述这个问题。
forbid意思是“妨碍，禁止”，与prevent(阻止，阻挠)意思相近。
receive接收，收到；deserve 应受，应得；accept接受。
2．His knowledge of French is fair.A．very usefulB．very limitedC．quite goodD．rather special正确答案：C解析：本句意思：他的法语知识相当好。
fair意思是“不错的，相当好的，公正的”，与quite good(相当不错的)意思相同。
very useful非常有用的；very limited 非常有限的；rather special相当特殊的。
3．The new service helped boost pre-tax profits by 10%.A．returnB．increaseC．realizeD．double正确答案：B解析：本句意思：这项新服务使税前收益提高了10％。
boost意思是“增加，促进”，与increase(增加)意思相近。
return返回；realize实现，了解；double加倍。
4．He made a number of rude remarks about the food.A．commentsB．signsC．mannersD．noises正确答案：A解析：本句意思：关于这里的食物他说了许多无礼的评论。
2014年职称英语考试卫生C级真题分析
2014年职称英语考试卫生C级真题分析第1部分：词汇选项（第1~15题，每题1分，共15分）下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语有括号，请为每处括号部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1. He made a number of rude (remarks) about the food.A. signsB. commentsC. mannersD. noises【正确答案】B【考点分析】本题涉及的知识点为：名词变形目标词【解题技巧&步骤】第一步：首先确定目标词，本题的目标词是：remarks, 其为remark的复数形式。
第二步: 接下来在同义词词典中查找remark的同义词中有无与选项一致的单词。
有comment第三步：直接选择B答案，无需再查其他选项意思。
2. The AIDS (conversation) will be held in Glasgow.A. PartyB. conferenceC. celebrationD. union【正确答案】B【考点分析】本题涉及的知识点为：原形目标词【解题技巧&步骤】第一步：首先确定目标词，本题的目标词是：conversation第二步：接下来在同义词词典中查找conversation的同义词中有无与选项一致的单词。
没有，只能通过查词意来解决。
conversation会话，谈话；party聚会，政党；conference 会议，会谈；celebration庆祝；union联盟第三步：将目标词与选项进行对比，最接近的选项是B。
直接选择B答案，无需再查其他选项意思。
3. Lack of space (forbid) further treatment of the topic here.A .receivesB. preventsC .deservesD. accepts【正确答案】B【考点分析】本题涉及的知识点为：动词变形目标词【解题技巧&步骤】第一步：首先确定目标词，本题的目标词是：forbid第二步：由于目标词是动词的第三人称单数形式，因而去掉末尾s变为原形；那么选项也应该变为动词原形，据观察，都是直接去掉s，就是动词原形：receive、prevent、deserve、accept。
2014年职称英语卫生类C级考试试题及答案解析(五)
职称英语卫生类C级考试试题及答案解析(五）一、词汇选择（本大题15小题．每题1.0分，共15.0分。
下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与画线部分意义最相近的词或短语。
请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
）第1题I quivered with fear at the strange sound.A shookB escapedC stungD suffered【正确答案】：A【本题分数】：1.0分【答案解析】本题要求选出与quivered(颤抖)声音相近的选项，比较四个选项A．shook(shake的过去时形式)“颤抖”；B．escaped“逃脱”；C．stung(sting的过去式形式)“叮、刺”；D．suffered“受苦”，从文中看出A项是最符合题意的答案。
第2题A future government will be in the hands of an extraordinary man, who was wrong punished twice, then clawed his way to the top.A a normalB an abnormalC an ordinaryD a particular【正确答案】：D【本题分数】：1.0分【答案解析】extraordinary“特别的、非常的”；particular“特别的”；normal“正常的”；abnormal“不正常的”；ordinary“普通的”。
句意：某国的政府将落入一个特别人的手中，他两次被贬，然后又爬到了高位。
第3题She is under the delusion that I'm going to give her a lot of money.A hypothesisB miracleC conditionD fallacy【正确答案】：D【本题分数】：1.0分【答案解析】delusion意为“错觉”、“谬误”。
2014年职称英语卫生类C级---阅读理解练习及译文
阅读理解(1) Bringing Nanotechnology to Health Care for the poorNanotechnology uses matter at the level of molecules and atoms. Researchers are finding different uses for particles with a length of one nanometer, or one-billionth of a meter. These include things like beauty products1 and dirt-resistant clothing. But one area where many experts believe nanotechnology holds great promise is medicine.Last week, speakers at a program in Washington discussed using nanotechnology to improve health care in developing countries. The program took place at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars. Peter Singer at the University of Toronto says a nanotechnology called quantum dots2 could be used to confirm cases of malaria. He says it could offer a better way than the traditional process of looking at a person’s blood under a microscope.In poor countries, this process is often not followed. As a result, sick people may get treated for malaria even if they do not have it. Such misuse of medicines can lead to drug resistance. Quantum dots are particles that give off3 light when activated. Researchers are studying ways to program them to identify diseases by lighting up in the presence of targeted molecule. 4Experts say nanotechnology shows promise not just for diagnosing diseases, but also for treating them. Piotr Grodzinski of the National Institutes of Health5 talked about how nanotechnology could make drugs more effective. He talked about cancer drugs already developed with nanotechnology. He says if a drug can target a cancer locally in the body, then much less of it might be needed, and that means lower side effects.6Andrew Maynard is chief scientist for the Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies at the Woodrow Wilson Center. He noted that Brazil, India, China and South Africa are currently doing nanotechnology research that could help poor countries. But he also noted that there is some risk in using nano-materials. He says nanometer-sized particles behave differently in the body and the environment compared to larger particles7. Experts say more investment in research is needed to better understand these risks.练习：1. Which of the following uses of nanotechnology is NOT mentioned in the passage?A. To make beauty products and dirt-resistant clothing.B. To produce better and lighter building materials.C. To help more accurately diagnose diseases.D. To help more effectively treat diseases.2. How can quantum dots be used to confirm diseases?A. By traditionally looking at a person’s blood under a microscope.B. By letting a person take some kind of medicine.C. By lighting up in the presence of a targeted molecule.D. By subjecting a person to an X-ray examination.3. How can nanotechnology be used to make a drug more effective?A. By making a drug target the focus of a disease.B. By changing the structure of the body cells.C. By lowering the side effects caused by a drug.D. By letting a patient take a dose as large as possible.阅读理解文章及练习(2) Medical Journals医学杂志Medical journals are publications that report medical information to physicians and other health professionals.In the past, these journals were available only in print. With the development of electronic publishing. many medical journals now have Web sites on the Internet, and some journals publish only online. A few medical journals, like the Journal of the American Medical Association, are considered general medical journals because they cover many fields of medicine. Most medical journals are specialty journals that focus on a particular area of medicine.Medical journals publish many types of articles. Research articles report the results of research studies on a range of topics varying from the basic mechanisms of diseases to clinical trials that compare outcomes of different treatments. Review articles summarize and analyze the information available on a specific topic based on a careful search of the medical literature. Because the results of individual research studies can be affected by many factors, combining results from different studies on the same topic can be helpful in reaching conclusions about the scientific evidence for preventing, diagnosing or treating a particular disease. Case conferences and case reports may be published in medicaljournals to educate physicians about particular illnesses and how to treat them. Editorials in medical journals are short essays that express the views of the authors, often regarding a research or review article published in the same issue. Editorials provide perspective on how the current article fits with other information on the same topic. Letters to the editor provide a way for readers of the medical journal to express comments, questions or criticisms about articles published in that journal.1.The main readers of medical journals areA. the general public.B. health professionals.C. medical critics.D. news reporters.2.Which of the following statements is NOT true?A. Many medical journals also publish online.B. A few medical journals are general medical journals.C. Most medical journals publish only online.D. Most medical journals are specialty journals.3.How many major types of articles are mentioned in the passage?A. Five.B. Seven.C. Four.D. Six.4.An article dealing with results from different studies on the same topic is calledA. a research article.B. a review article.C. a case report.D. an editorial.5.Letters to the editor enable readers of a medical journal to express comments onA. any medical event.B. articles published in the same issue.C. articles published in that journal.D. medical development.阅读理解文章及练习(3) Cooking Oil Fumes Cause Tumor厨房油烟可致癌The leading cause of lung cancer among women in the city was cooking oil fumes while men are more likely to develop the disease from smoking, said medical experts after a five-year research study.Doctors announced the results yesterday with analysis on some new tendencies in lung cancer.They said patients are younger, especially women.According to the Shanghai Tumor research Institute, more local residents die of lung cancer in the city than anything else.Following breast cancer, it has the second-highest incidence rate."An unhealthy lifestyle is a very important reason for lung cancer, "said Dr He Yumin from Shanghai Minshen Traditional Chinese Medicine Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment Center.He followed 2,276 lung cancer patients for five years.Among them,l,483 were male.Smoking causes 70 percent of cases among men while only l8 percent of female patients developed cancer from smoking or inhaling second-hand smoke, according to the report.However, more than 60 percent of women with the disease had long term, close contact with strong oil fumes from cooking and complained about1 irritated eyes and throat.About 32 percent of women fried foods in boiling oil in unventilated kitchens and about 25 percent of women's bedrooms were adjacent to2 the kitchen.However, local women were surprised to learn cooking oil fumes could lead to cancer.Some claimed they may change food preparation methods."Unless my family and I don't eat at home every day, I must stay in the kitchen to cook, "said Xu Li, a 45-year-oldlocal woman."I know the fumes are bad for the skin, but it is the first time I heard that it can result in lung cancer.I have already started frying less."Doctors said women's lung cancer had few links to personal health and physical condition, but was closely related to family cancer history, unhealthy dietary habits and weak immune systems.Other experts agreed with he3."Smoking is by far the biggest cause4 of lung cancer for men, "said Dr Tan Binyong, honorary president of the Respiratory Disease Institute at Fudan University's Medical College."It's true that second-hand smoke and cooking fumes are the main causes among women."He's research also warned people not to stand near of stalls selling5 fried foods due to the poor quality of oils used.The chance of catching lung cancer is three times higher if exposed to the fume for a long time, 6experts said.练习：1.What a new tendency in lung cancer is concluded by the researchers?A Men are more likely to develop lung cancer than women.B Women are more likely to develop lung cancer than men.C Patients with lung cancer become older, especially males.D Patients with lung cancer become younger, especially females.2.Which of the following diseases is the most common among the local residents in Shanghai?A Heart disease.B Breast cancer.C Infectious diseases.D Lung cancer.3.What symptoms may be' complained of by most women with lung cancer after long term, close contact with cooking oil fumes?A Irritated eyes and throat.B Severe pain in both lungs.C Continuous cough and headache.D Difficulty in breathin9.4.What was the local women's reaction when they learned that cooking oil fumes could lead to cancer?A Happy.B Surprised.C Angry.D Careless5.Which of the following has relatively little connection with women's lung cancer?A Family cancer history.B Unhealthy dietary habits.C Weak immune systems.D Personal health and physical condition.阅读理解文章及练习(4) Multivitamins Urged for All Pregnant WomenA recent study in Tanzania found that when pregnant women took vitamins every day, fewer babies were bom too small. Babies that weigh less than two and one-half kilograms at birth have a greater risk of dying. Those that survive are more likely to experience problems with their development. And experts say that as adults they have a higher risk of diseases including heart disease and diabetes. The World Health Organization1 estimates that every year twenty million babies are bom with low birth weight. Nine out of ten of them are bom in developing countries.The new study took place in Dar es Salaam. 4,200 pregnant women received multivitamins. The pills contained all of the vitamins in the B group along with2 vitamins C and E. They also contained several times more iron and folate than the levels advised for women in developed nations. Pregnant women especially in poor countries may find it difficult to get enough vitamins and minerals from the foods in their diet.The scientists compared the findings with results from a group of 4,000 women who did not receive the vitamins.A report by the scientists, from the United States and Tanzania, appeared in the New England Journal of Medicine,3Wafaie Fawzi of the Harvard University School of Public Health4 led the study. None of the women in the study had HTV, the virus that causes AIDS. The scientists reported earlier that daily multivitamins were a low-cost way to reduce fetal deaths in pregnant women infected with5 HIV. The earlier work in Tanzania also found improvement in the mothers in their number of blood cells known as lymphocytes. Lymphocytes increase the body’s immunity against infection.The new study in pregnant women who were not infected with the AIDS virus found that multivitamins reduced the risk of low birth weight. Just under eight percent of the babies bom to women who took the multivitamins weighed less than 2,500 grams. The rate was almost nine and one-half percent in the group of women who received a placebo, an inactive pill, instead of the vitamins. But the vitamins did not do much to reduce the rates of babies being bom too early or dying while still a fetus. Still, the researchers say multivitamins should be considered for all pregnant women in developing countries.练习：1.How many babies are bom with low birth weight in the developed countries every year according to WHO?A. 20,000,000.B. 18,000,000.C. 2,000,000.D. 38,000,000.2.A pill of multivitamins may contain all of the following substances EXCEPTA. all vitamins in the B group.B. vitamins C and E.C. much iron and folate.D. antiviral substances.3.Which of the following is NOT one of the effects of multivitamins mentioned in the passage?A. To reduce the rate of babies bom too early.B. To reduce the risk of low birth weight.C. To reduce fetal deaths in pregnant women infected with HTV.D. To increase the number of lymphocytes in mothers’blood.4.What a role do lymphocytes play in the human body?A. To reduce the rate of dying while still a fetus.B. To raise the body’s immunity against infection.C. To help prevent the development of heart disease.D. To help prevent the development of diabetes.5.How many percent of babies were bom with low birth weight to women who were not infected with the AIDS virus and took the multivitamins according to a new study?A. Less than 8%.B. About 9.5%.C. L 5%.D 17.5%.阅读理解文章及练习(5) U. S. Eats Too Much Salt 美国人吃盐过量People in the United States consume more than twice the recommended amount1 of salt, raising their risk for high blood pressure, heart attacks and strokes, government health experts said on Thursday.They found nearly 70 percent of U. S. adults are in high-risk groups that would benefit from a lower-salt diet of no more than 1,500 mg per day2，yet most consume closer to 3,500 mg per day.“It’s important for people to eat less salt. People who adopt a heart-healthy eating pattern that includes a diet low in sodium and rich in potassium and calcium can improve their blood pressure,”Dr. Darwin Labarthe of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention said in a statement.“People need to know their recommended daily sodium limit and take action to reduce sodium intake,”Labarthe said.The study in CDC’s weekly report on death and disease used national survey data to show that two out of threeadults should be consuming no more than 1，500 mg of sodium per day because they are black or over the age of 40一which are considered high-risk groups.Yet studies show most people in the United States eat 3,436 mg of sodium per day, according to a 2005–2006 CDC estimate.Most of the sodium eaten comes from packaged, processed and restaurant foods. The CDC said it will join other agencies in the Health and Human Services department in working with major food manufacturers and chain restaurants to reduce sodium levels in the food supply.Nationwide, 16 million men and women have heart disease and 5.8 million are estimated to have had a stroke. Cutting salt consumption can reduce these risks, the CDC said.练习：1.Too much salt raises one’s risk forA.high blood pressure.B.heart attacks.C.strokes.D.all of the above.2.How much salt do most American adults eat per day?A.No more than 1,500 mg.B.Closer to 3,500 mg.C.Less than 3,436 mg.D.Closer to 1,500 mg.3.To improve their blood pressure, people should have a dietA.rich in potassium and sodium.B.rich in potassium and calcium.C.rich in calcium arid sodium.D.none of the above.4.The high-risk groups include thoseA.who are black.B.who are over the age of 40.C.who are white and young.D.both A and B.5.Packaged, processed and restaurant foods are known to beA.cheap.B.tasty.C.rich in salt.D.healthy.阅读理解文章及练习(6) Pushbike Peril 自行车的危险Low speed bicycle crashes can badly injure 一or even kill 一children if they fall onto the ends of the handlebars. So a team of engineers is redesigning the humble handlebar in a bid to make it safer.Kristy Arbogast, a bioengineer at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia in Pennsylvania, began the project with her colleagues after a study of serious abdominal injuries in children in the past 30 years showed2 that more than a third were caused by bicycle accidents. "The task was to identify how the injuries occurred and come up with some countermeasures,"3 she says.By interviewing the children and their parents，Arbogast and her team were able to4 reconstruct many of the accidents and identified a common mechanism responsible for serious injuries. They discovered that most occur when children hit an obstacle at a slow speed，causing them to topple over5. To maintain their balance they turn the handlebars through 90 degrees 一but their momentum forces them into the end of the handlebars. The bike then falls over and the other end of the handlebars hits the ground, ramming it into their abdomen6.The solution the group came up with is a handgrip fitted with a spring and damping system.The spring absorbs up to 50 per cent of the forces transmitted through the handlebars in an impact. The grouphopes to commercialize the device，which should add only a few dollars to the cost of a bike. “But our task has been one of education because up until now, bicycle manufacturers were unaware of the problem," says Arbogast.The team has also approached the US Consumer Product Safety Commission to try to persuade manufacturers to adopt the new design. A decision is expected later this year.练习：1.According to the passage, some engineers are trying to improve the handlebars becauseA they are not noble enough.B they may kill children.C they are likely to crash.D they make the bike move at a low speed.2.In paragraph 2，the author mentions a study of serious abdominal injuries A to discuss how abdominal injuries in children occur.B to show that more than a third injuries were caused by bicycle accidents.C to point out what the countermeasures can be.D to tell us why Kristy Arbogast began the project.3.Paragraph 3 mainly discussesA why the children and their parents were interviewed.B when the children turn the handlebars through 90 degrees.C what causes the children to topple over.D how serious injuries occur.4.The passage implies thatA it is not easy to persuade manufacturers to adopt the new design.B the team of engineers has not found any countermeasures.C children like to ride bicycles at a very low speed.D a lot of children were killed in bicycle accidents in the past 30 years.5. In which of the following ways the handgrip work?A It can be commercialized.B It reduces the dangerous forces in bicycle accidents.C It adds a few dollars to the cost of a bike.D It changes the direction of the handlebars in an impact.阅读理解文章及练习(7) Late-night Drinking在深夜饮咖啡Coffee lovers beware. Having a quick “pick-me-up”cup of coffee1 late in the day will play havoc with2 your sleep. As well as being a stimulant, caffeine interrupts the flow of melatonin, the brain hormone that sends people into a sleep.Melatonin levels normally start to rise about two hours before bedtime. Levels then peak between 2 am and 4 am, before falling again.3"It's the neurohormone that controls our sleep and tells our body when to sleep and when to wake，，，says Maurice Ohayon of the Stanford Sleep Epidemiology Research Center at Stanford University in California. But researchers in Israel have found that caffeinated coffee halves the body's levels of this sleep hormone.Lotan Shilo and a team at the Sapir Medical Center in Tel Aviv University found that six volunteers slept less well after a cup of caffeinated coffee than after drinking the same amount of decaf. On average, subjects slept 336 minutes per night after drinking caffeinated coffee, compared with 415 minutes after decaf. They also took half an hour to drop off4一twice as long as usual 一and jigged around5 in bed twice as much.In the second phase of the experiment, the researchers woke the volunteers every three hours and asked them to give a urine sample. Shilo measured concentrations of a breakdown product of melatonin. The results suggest that melatonin concentrations in caffeine drinkers were half those in decaf drinkers. In a paper accepted for publication in Sleep Medicine，the researchers suggest6 that caffeine blocks production of the enzyme that drives melatonin production.Because it can take many hours to eliminate caffeine from the body，Ohayon recommends that coffee lovers switch to decaf after lunch.练习：1. The author mentions "pick-me-up" to indicate thatA melatonin levels need to be raised.B neurohormone can wake us up.C coffee is a stimulant.D decaf is a caffeinated coffee.2.Which of the following tells us how caffeine affects sleep?A Caffeine blocks production of the enzyme that stops melatonin production.B Caffeine interrupts the flow of the hormone that prevents people from sleeping.C Caffeine halves the body's levels of sleep hormone.D Caffeine stays in the body for many hours.3. What does paragraph 3 mainly discuss?A Different effects of caffeinated coffee and decaf on sleep.B Different findings of Lotan Shilo and a team about caffeine.C The fact that the subjects slept 415 minutes per night after drinking decaf.D The evidence that the subjects took half an hour to fall asleep.4. What does the experiment mentioned in paragraph 4 prove? A There are more enzymes in decaf drinkers' urine sample.B There are more melatonin concentrations in caffeine drinkers' urine sample.C Decaf drinkers produce less melatonin.D Caffeine drinkers produce less sleep hormone.5. The author of this passage probably agrees thatA coffee lovers sleep less than those who do not drink coffee.B we should not drink coffee after supper.C people sleep more soundly at midnight than at 3 am.D if we feel sleepy at night, we should go to bed immediately.阅读理解文章及练习(8) Eat Healthy 健康饮食"Clean your plate!" and "Be a member of the clean-plate club1!’’Just about every kid in the US has heard this from a parent or grandparent. Often, it's accompanied by an appeal：“Just think about those starving orphans in Africa!2" Sure, we should be grateful for every bite of food. Unfortunately, many people in the US take too many bites3. Instead of staying "clean the plate", perhaps we should save some food for tomorrow.According to news reports, US restaurants are partly to blame for the growing bellies. A waiter puts a plate of food in front of each customer, with two to four times the amount recommended by the government, according to a USA Today story.4 Americans traditionally associate quantity with value and most restaurants try to give them that. They prefer to have customers complain about too much food rather than too little.Barbara Rolls, a nutrition professor at Pennsylvania State University; told USA Today that restaurant portion sizes began (o grow in the 1970s, the same time that the American waistline began to expand.Health experts have tried to get many restaurants to serve smaller portions. Now, apparently, some customers are calling for this too. The restaurant industry trade magazine QSR reported last month that 57 percent of more than 4,000 people surveyed believe restaurants serve portions that are too large; 23 percent had no opinion; 20 percent disagreed. But a closer look at the survey indicates that many Americans who can't afford fine dining still prefer large portions. Seventy percent of those earning at least $150,000 per year prefer smaller portions; but only 45 percent of those earning less than $25,000 want smaller.It's not that working class Americans don't want to eat healthy. It's just that, "after long hours at low-paying jobs, getting less on their plate hardly seems like a good deal.5 They live frompaycheck to paycheck, happy to save a little money for next year's Christmas presents.练习：1. Parents in the United States tend to ask their childrenA to save food.B to wash the dishes.C not to waste food.D not to eat too much.2. Why do American restaurants serve large portions?A Because Americans associate quantity with value.B Because Americans have big bellies.C Because Americans are good eaters.D Because Americans are greedy.3.What happened in the 1970s?A The US government recommended the amount of food a restaurant gave to a customer.B Health experts persuaded restaurants to serve smaller portions.C The United States produced more grain than needed.D The American waistline started to expand.4.What does the survey indicate?A Many poor Americans want large portions.B Twenty percent Americans want smaller portions.C Fifty seven percent Americans earn $150,000 per year.D Twenty three percent Americans earn less than $25,000 per year.5.Which of the following is Not true of working class Americans?A They work long hours.B They live from paycheck to paycheck.C They don't want to be healthy eaters.D They want to save money for their children.阅读理解文章及练习(9) U. S. to Start $3.2 Billion Child Health Study in JanuaryA study that will cost $3.2 billion and last more than two decades to track the health of 100,000 U.S. children from before birth to age 21 will be launched in January, U. S. health officials said on Friday.Officials from the U.S. government’s National Institutes of Health said they hope the study, to be conducted at 105 locations throughout the United States, can help identify early-life influences that affect later development, with the goal of learning new ways to treat or prevent illness.The study will examine hereditary and environmental factors such as exposure to certain chemicals that affect health.Researchers will collect genetic and biological samples from people in the study as well as samples from the homes of the women and their babies including air, water, dust and materials used to construct their residences, the NIH said.Officials said more than $200 million has been spent already and the study is projected to cost $3.2 billion.“We anticipate that in the long term1，what we learn from the study will result in a significant savings in the nation’s health care costs,”Dr. Duane Alexander, who heads the NIH’s Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, told reporters.The study will begin in January when the University of North Carolina and the Mount Sinai School of Medicine in New York start signing up2 pregnant women whose babies will then be followed to age 21.Some of the early findings will be about factors behind pre-term birth3, which has become more common in recent years, according to Dr. Peter Scheidt of the NIH, who heads the study.The people taking part will be from rural, urban and suburban areas, from all income and educational levels and from all racial groups, the NIH said.练习：1.The aim of the study is to find new ways toA. conduct research.B. track public health.C. prevent or treat illness.D. speed up development.2.Researchers will collect all the following EXCEPTA. genetic samples from people in the study.B. biological samples from people in the study.C. samples from the homes of the women and their babies.D. samples of air and water from hospitals.3.It is expected that through the study the nation’s health care costsA. will be lowered in the long run.B. will be significantly increased.C. will be more than $200 million.D. will reach $3.2 billion.4.The babies of the participants will be followedA. throughout their lives.B. for more than two decades.C. from birth to 21 months.D. until they get married.5.Which is NOT true of the people in the study?A. They’ll be from various areas.B. They’ll be from all income levels.C. They’ll be from all educational levels.D. They’ll be from all age groups.阅读理解文章及练习(10) Cigars Instead?Smoking one or two cigars a day doubles the risk of cancers of the lip, tongue, mouth, and throat, according to a government study.Daily cigars also increase the risk of lung cancer and cancer of the esophagus，and increase the risk of cancer of the larynx (voicebox) sixfold1，say researchers at the National Cancer Institute in Bethesda, Maryland.In addition, the report revealed that smoking three or four cigars a day increased the risk of oral cancer to 8.5 times the risk for nonsmokers2 and the risk of esophageal cancer by four times the risk of nonsmokers.The health effects of smoking cigars is one of eight sections of the article “Cigars ：Health Effects and Trends". The researchers report that, compared with a cigarette, a large cigar emits up to 90 times as much carcinogenic tobacco-specific nitrosamines.“This article provides clear and invaluable information about the disturbing increase3 in cigar use and the significant public health consequences4 for the country," said Dr. Richard Klausner, director of the National Cancer Institute，in a statement."The data are clear 一the harmful substances and carcinogens in cigar smoke, like cigarettes, are associated with5 the increased risks of several kinds of cancers as well as heart and lung diseases，”he added. “In other words，cigars are not safe alternatives to cigarettes6 and may be addictive. ”"To those individuals who may be thinking about smoking cigars, our advice is —don't.7 To those currently smoking cigars, quitting is the only way to eliminate completely the cancer, heart and lung disease risks，”warned Klausner.According to a National Cancer Institute press release8，there haven't been any studies on the health effects on nonsmokers at cigar social events，but "... a significant body of evidence9 clearly demonstrates an increased lung cancer risk from secondhand smoke. ”练习：1.According to the report, smoking three or four cigars a dayA increases the risk of oral cancer for non-smokers.B greatly increases the risk of oral cancer for smokers.C increases the risk of more than one cancer for non-smokers.D greatly increases the risk of more than one cancer for smokers.。
2014年职称英语卫生类C级考试试题及答案解析(二十一)
职称英语卫生类C级考试试题及答案解析(二十一）一、词汇选择（本大题15小题．每题1.0分，共15.0分。
下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与画线部分意义最相近的词或短语。
请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
）第1题Formulated in 1823, the Monroe Doctrine asserted that the Americas were no longer open to European colonization.A stated firmlyB argued light-mindedlyC thought seriouslyD announced regrettably【正确答案】：A【本题分数】：1.0分【答案解析】[解析] asserted(宣称，断言)与stated firmly(坚定地说)意思相近。
argued light-mindedly：轻率地争辩。
thought seriously：严肃地认为。
announced regrettably：令人遗憾地宣布。
第2题Loud noises can be annoying.A hatefulB painfulC horrifyingD irritating【正确答案】：D【本题分数】：1.0分【答案解析】[解析] annoying和irritating意思最相近，有“使烦恼的”，“使人不愉快的”等意思。
hateful有“可恨的”，“心怀不满的”等意思。
He is hateful to me．我觉得他可恨。
Don't be so hateful.别这么怨天尤人。
painful：痛苦的。
I don't like his painful look.我不喜欢他那副痛苦的表情。
horrifying是“恐怖的”，“使震惊的”的意思。
These were horrifying experiences.这些经历不堪回首。
2014年职称英语C级考试真题及答案
词汇选项1 I'd very much like to know what your aim in life is.A thoughtB ideaC planD goal2 The policemen acted quickly because lives were at stake.A in difficultyB in dangerC in despairD out of control3 Practically all animals communicate either through sounds or through soundless codes.A CertainlyB ProbablyC AbsolutelyD Almost4 Mary rarely speaks to Susan.A seldomB slowlyC weaklyD constantly5 I'm working with a guy from London.A teacherB studentC manD friend6 You'd better put these documents in a safe placeA secureB darkC guardedD banned7 The courageous boy has been the subject of massive media coverageA continuousB extensiveC instantD quick8 The town is famous for its magnificent buildingsA high-riseB modernC splendidD ancient9 The great change of the city astonished all the visitorsA scaredB surprisedC excitedD moved10 Jack packed up all the things he had accumulated over the last ten yearsA futureB farC nearD past11 Would you please call my husband as soon as possible?A phoneB visitC consultD invite12 We had a long conversation about her parents.A speechB questionC debateD talk13 The chairman proposed that we stop the meetingA statedB announcedC suggestedD demanded14 Obviously these people can be relied on in a crisisA depended onB lived onC believed inD joined in15 There is always excitement at the Olympic Games when an athlete breaks a recordA maintainsB beatsC matchesD tries阅读判断Fighting for a Brighter Future for WomenWhen I was asked what it means to be a woman running for president, I always gave the same answer that I was proud to be running as a woman, but I was running because t thought I'd be the best president.But I am a woman and, like millions of women, I know there are still barriers and biases (偏见) out there, often unconscious, and I want to build an America that respects and embraces the potential of every last one of us.I ran as a daughter who benefited from opportunities my mother never dreamed of. I ran as a mother who worried about my daughter's future and a mother who wants to leave all children brighter tomorrows.To build that future I see, we must make sure that women and men alike understand the struggles of their grandmothers and their mothers, and that women enjoy equal opportunities, equal pay, and equal respect.Let us resolve and work toward achieving very simple propositions (命题): There are no acceptable limits, and there are no acceptable prejudices in the 21st century in our country. You can also be so proud that, from now on, it will be unremarkable for a woman to win primary state victories, unremarkable to have a woman in a close race to be our nominee (被提名者), unremarkable to think that a woman can be the president of the United States. And this is truly remarkable, my friends.To those who are disappointed that we couldn't go all of the way, especially the young people who put so much into this campaign, it would break my heart if, in falling short of my goal, I in any way discouraged any of you from pursuing yours.Always aim high, work hard, and care deeply about what you believe ~n. And, when you stumble (犯错), keep faith. And, when you're knocked down, get right back up and never listen to anyone who says you can't or shouldn't go on.As we gather here today in this historic, magnificent building, the 50th woman to leave the Earth is orbiting (绕轨道运行) overhead. If we can blast 50 women into space, we will someday launch a woman into the White House.16 Hillary Clinton was elected president of the United StatesA RightB WrongC Not mentioned17 Hillary Clinton believed that if she were elected president of the United States, she would be the best.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned18 The American people are now ready to accept a woman as their presidentA RightB WrongC Not mentioned19 Many American young people feel disappointed at Hillary's failure to win the nomination.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned20 America's 50th female astronaut is right now moving round the EarthA RightB WrongC Not mentioned21 Hillary Clinton will support Obama in the upcoming presidential election campaignA RightB WrongC Not mentioned22 Hillary Clinton will no longer run for presidentA RightB WrongC Not mentioned概括大意Hints for Reading Practice1. Most of us can find 15 minutes or half an hour each day for some regular activity. For example, one famous surgeon always spent 15 minutes reading somethingbefore he went to sleep each day. Whether he went to bed at 10 p.m. or 2:30 a.m. made no difference.2. "Speed Reading" courses teach students how to read more quickly. In such courses, teachers often ask students to find out how many words a minute he is reading. You can do this too: look at your watch every 5 or 10 minutes and write down the page number you have reached.3. Obviously, you should not increase your reading speed if you do not understand what you are reading. If you find something you don't understand in the book, or you cannot remember clearly the details of what is said, why not read the chapter again?4. Take four or five pages of an interesting book you happen to be reading now. Read these pages as fast as you can. Don't worry about whether you understand or not. If you keep doing this "lightning speed" reading for a period of time, you will usually find that your normal speed has increased.5. Most paragraphs in an article have a topic sentence that expresses the central idea. The opening paragraph often suggests the general direction and content of the article, while paragraphs that follow expand or support the first. The closing paragraph often gives a summary of the most important points of the article.23 Paragraph 2 .24 Paragraph 3 .25 Paragraph 4 .26 Paragraph 5 .A The Organization of An ArticleB Check Your Reading SpeedC A Way to Increase Your Reading SpeedD Check Your UnderstandingE Read Something Every DayF Read Extensively27 You are advised to read something before you .28 In "Speed Reading" courses, teachers often asks students to .29 You can improve your reading speed if you .30 It will help you to understand the article if you .A find the topic sentencesB find out the new wordsC keep reading fastD go to bed every dayE keep a note of their reading speedF look at your watch every few minutes阅读理解第一篇Life at Aichi UniversityI'm Yamamoto Mika, a 22-year-old Japanese girl. I'd like to invite you to AichiUniversity so you can understand my life.Our university has a close relationship with China and my department is the only one of its kind in Japan. My courses include the Chinese language, modern Chinese politics and economics. I love Chinese culture and I have been to Tianjin as an exchange student.In Japan, our courses are divided into compulsory, optional and specialized courses. However, we have a flexible schedule. We can choose classes from a wide range of options.Many students finish the compulsory courses in three years so that they can have one year without any classes. They often use this period of time to study abroad, conduct research and travel. Many students even suspend their study for additional study-abroad opportunities. Japanese universities encourage students to choose their own ways of study, so it is quite easy for us to apply for study suspension.Japanese students participate in various kinds of extracurricular (课外的) activities. They attend clubs from elementary schools, so many have already been accustomed to clubs when they enter university.Our university now has 42 art clubs and 45 sports clubs. The annual UniversityFestival is the grandest carnival (狂欢节) of Japanese universities. In the festival, students promote their clubs and organize various activities. Our university's festival attracted about 150,000 people last year. I really like this festival.When we promote our clubs, we cook "tonnjiru", a kind of pork soup, and sell it to other students at the fair.We also go to different places to interview celebrities (名人) who attend our festival as guests. It is a wonderful experience to talk to those stars face to face.Japanese students like to hold parties. We have two kinds of parties. One is the Mochiyori party. If you want to attend this party you have to cook a course and take it to the party. The organizer buys drinks and snacks.The other kind of party is the Nomikai, which mainly involves alcohol. We drink something called chu-hai, which is a combination of soda and wine. We also drink Japanese sake (日本米酒) and beer. There are parties for many occasions, like welcoming new students, celebrating victories and birthday parties or just for promoting friendship.31 Which statement is NOT true of Yamamoto Mika?A She has never been to ChinaB She is a Japanese studentC She loves Chinese cultureD She wants you to understand her life32 Many Japanese students finish their compulsory courses in three years becauseA they want to get married.B they want to stay at home.C they want to make money.D they want to study abroad.33 Which of the following is NOT a feature of the University Festival?A Organizing various activities.B Inviting government officials to dinner.C Interviewing celebrities.D Promoting clubs.34 What is the requirement for attending the Mochiyori party?A You have to interview celebrities.B You have to buy drinks and snacks.C You have to take to it a course you have cooked.D You have to get permission from the organizer.35 The word "compulsory' in paragraph 3 could be best replaced byA required.B forced.C requested.D demanded.第二篇Shopping at Second-hand Clothing StoresWhen 33-year-old Pete Barth was in college, shopping at second-hand clothing stores was just something he did - "like changing the tires on his car." He lookedat his budget and decided he could save a lot of money by shopping for clothes atthrift shops."Even new clothes are fairly disposable (可丢掉的) and wear out after a couple of years," Barth said. "In thrift shops, you can find some great stuff whose quality is better than new clothes."Since then, Barth, who works at a Goodwill thrift shop in the US state of Florida, has found that there are all kinds of reasons for shopping for second-hand clothing. Some people, like him, shop to save money. Some shop for a crazy-looking shirt. And some shop as a means of conserving energy and helping the environment.Pat Akins, an accountant at a Florida Salvation Army (SA) (救世军) thrift shop, said that, for her, shopping at thrift shops is a way to help the environment."When my daughter was little, we looked at it as recycling," Akins said. "Also, why pay 30 dollars for a new coat when you can get another one for a lot less?"Akins said that the SA has shops all over the US - "some as big as department stores." All of the clothes are donated (捐赠), and when they have a surplus (盈余), they'll have "stuff a bag" specials, where customers can fill a grocery sack With clothes for only 5 or 10 dollars.Julia Slocum, 22, points out, however, that the huge amount of second-hand clothing in the US is the result of American wastefulness.I’d say that second-hand stores are the result of our wasteful, materialistic culture," said Slocum, who works for a pro-conservation organization, the Center for a New American Dream. "Thrift shops prevent that waste from going to landfills (垃圾填埋场); they give clothing a secondlife, provide cheaper clothing for those who can't afford new ones and generate (生成) income for charities. They also provide a way for the wealthy and middle classes to shed (摆脱) some of the guilt for their level of consumption."36 Which statement about Barth is NOT true?A He is 33 years old now.B He works at a Goodwill thrift shop.C He was a college student many years ago.D He works at a Salvation Army thrift shop.37 When Barth was a college student, he often shopped at thrift shopsA to save energy.B to save money.C to help the environment.D to make friends with poor people.38 What does Akins do?A She is an accountant.B She is a soldier.C She is a saleswoman.D She is a road sweeper.39 Thrift shops can do everything EXCEPTA give clothing a second life.B generate income for charities.C stop rich people from wasting moneyD provide cheaper clothes for the poor.40 The word "thrift" in paragraph 1 could be best replaced byA one dollar.B charity.C first class.D two dollars.第三篇March MadnessFor the rest of the month, an epidemic (流行病) will sweep across the US. It will keep kids home from school. College students will ignore piles of homework. Employees will suddenly lose their abilities to concentrate.The disease, known as "March Madness", refers to the yearly 65-team US men's college basketball tournament. It begins on March 15 and lasts through the beginning of April. Teams compete against each other in a single elimination tournament that eventually crowns a national champion.Nearly 20 million Americans will find themselves prisoners of basketball festival madness. The fun comes partly from guessing the winners for every game. Friends compete against friends, husbands against wives, and colleagues against bosses Big-name schools are usually favored to advance into the tournament. But each year there are dark horses from little-known universities.This adds to the madness. Watching a team from a school with 3,000 students beat a team from a school with 30,000, for many Americans, is an exciting experience. Last year, the little-known George Mason University was one of the final four teams. Many people had never even heard of the university before the tournament.College basketball players are not paid, so the game is more about making a name for their university and themselves. But that doesn't mean money isn't involved.About $4 billion will be spent gambling on the event. According to Media Lifemagazine, the event will draw over $500 million in advertising revenue this year, topping the post-season revenue, including that of the NBA (全国篮球协会)41 What will happen in the remaining part of the month?A Many Americans will be sent to madhouses.B Great excitement will spread across the US.C About 20 million Americans will be put in prison.D A deadly epidemic will break out in the US.42 Which statement about the epidemic is NOT true?A It occurs every fourth year.B It starts on March 15.C It is known as "March Madness".D It lasts through the beginning of April.43 Which of the following is NOT an instance of "March Madness"?A Kids run away from school.B Husbands kiss their wives.C College students keep homework piling up.D Employees can't concentrate on their work.44 It is great funA looking at wives kissing their husbands.B listening to students talking to their teachersC watching farmers kicking donkeys.D betting on the winners of each game.45 The little-known George Mason University was a dark horse becauseA it had a student body of 30,000.B its players were all black people.C it had never been expected to be victorious.D its players ran as fast as black horses.补全短文A Bad IdeaThink you can walk, drive, take phone calls, e-mail and listen to music at the same time? Well, New York's new law says you can't. (46) The law went into force last month, following research and a shocking number of accidents that involved people using electronic gadgets (小巧机械) when crossing the street.Who's to blame? (47) "We are under the impression that our brain can do more than it often can," says Rene Marois, a neuroscientist (神经科学家) in Tennessee. "But a core limitation is the inability to concentrate on two things at once."The young people are often considered the great multi-taskers. (48) A group of 18- to 21-year-olds and a group of 35- to 39-year-olds were given 90 seconds to translate images into numbers, using a sample code. (49) But when both groups were interrupted by a phone call or an instant message, the older group matched the younger group in speed and accuracy. It is difficult to measure the productivity lost by multi-taskers. But it is probably a lot Jonathan Spira, chief analyst at Basex, a business-research firm, estimates the cost ofinterruptions to the American economy at nearly $650 billion a year. (50) The surveys conclude that 28 percent of the workers' time was spent on interruptions and recovery time before they returned to their main tasks.A And you'll be fined $100 if you do so on a New York City streetB Talking on a cellphone while driving brings you joy anywayC The estimate is based on surveys with office workersD The younger group did 10 percent better when not interruptedE However, an Oxford University research suggests this perception is open to question.F Scientists say that our multitasking (多任务处理) abilities are limited.完形填空Gun Rights in the USImmediately after the shooting at Virginia Tech University, Americans gathered to mourn (致哀) the dead. The president and the state governor both hurried there to share the (51). But the majority of Americans still cling to their right to (52) weapons.Strictly speaking, the US is not the only country (53) gun violence has destroyed lives, families and communities in everyday circumstance. But the US is one of the (54) countries that seem unwilling and politically incapable of doing anything serious to stop it. In countries like Britain and Canada, the government adopted stricter (55) control soon after serious gun violence incidents. US leaders, however, are held (56) by the gun lobby (院外活动集团) and the electoral (选举的) system.The powerful National Rifle Association, the major supporter of gun (57) in the US, is too strong for any party to take on. Most Republicans oppose gun controlAnyway (58) the years, the Democrats have found that they can either campaign for gun control or win power, not (59); they prefer power.According to the US Bureau of Justice Statistics, firearm (火器) incidents accounted(60) nine percent of the 4.7 million violent crimes in 2005. So, although opinion polls show most Americans want stricter gun laws, many don't want to give up their arms they (61) to protect themselves.Dave Hancock, a Virginia gun lover, is one example. In an interview he said, "If one professor in the Virginia incident had been carrying a legal weapon, they might have been able to(62) all this." In his opinion, the massacre (大屠杀) is an argument for more people to carry weapons, not fewer.But at the root of Americans' clinging to the right to bear arms is not just a fear of crime, but a mistrust of (63), commented UK's Guardian newspaper.One Virginia resident, who had a permit to carry a concealed (隐藏的) firearm, told the Guardian that it was (64) American's responsibility to have a gun."Each person," he said, "should not rely solely (65) the government for protection." 51 A ceremony B funeral C grief D tears52 A own B make C destroy D trade53 A while B which C that D where54 A some B few C much D little55 A rocket B knife C gun D bullet56 A hostage B office C person D home57 A fire B attacks C violence D rights58 A SinceB Over C Till D Until59 A either B both C each D one60 A of B off C out D for61 A hide B buy C keep D sell62 A stop B cover C shoot D interrupt63 A guardsB government C students D professors64 A many B few C all D every【参考答案】1. D2. B3. D4. A5. C6. A7. B8. C9. B 10. D 11. A 12. D 13. C 14. A 15. B16. B 17. A 18. B 19. A 20. A 21. C 22. B23. B24. D25. C26. A 27. D28. E29. C30. A31. A 32. D 33. B 34. C 35. A 36. D 37. B 38. A 39. C 40. B 41. B 42. A 43. B 44. D 45. C46. A 47. F 48. E 49. D 50. C51. C 52. A 53. D 54. B 55. C 56. A 57. D 58. B 59. B 60. D 61. C 62. A 63. B 64. D 65. B65 A in B on C at D from。
2014年职称英语卫生类C级考试试题及答案解析(二十)
职称英语卫生类C级考试试题及答案解析(二十）一、词汇选择（本大题15小题．每题1.0分，共15.0分。
下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与画线部分意义最相近的词或短语。
请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
）第1题Have you talked to her lately?A lastlyB shortlyC recentlyD immediately【正确答案】：C【本题分数】：1.0分【答案解析】[解析] lately：最近；近来。
recently：最近；近来。
I've only recently begun to learn English．我只是最近才开始学英语。
lastly：最后。
He gave many reasons for being late；lastly he said his car had broken down．他先是说了一大堆迟到的理由，最后还说他的车坏了。
shortly：一会儿。
不久。
She kept a diary until shortly before her death．直到去世前不久她才停止记日记。
immediately：马上，立即。
I'll answer his letter immediately．我会立即给他回信。
第2题We had a long conversation about her parents.A talkB speechC debateD discussion【正确答案】：A【本题分数】：1.0分【答案解析】[解析] conversation：谈话，与talk意思相近。
speech：演讲。
debate辩论。
discussion讨论。
第3题I have to go at once.A soonB immediatelyC nowD early【正确答案】：B【本题分数】：1.0分【答案解析】[解析] at once：马上。
2014年职称英语卫生类C级考试试题及答案解析(九)
职称英语卫生类C级考试试题及答案解析(九）一、词汇选择（本大题15小题．每题1.0分，共15.0分。
下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与画线部分意义最相近的词或短语。
请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
）第1题Under-used computer equipment can proliferate in large companies without a system to monitor purchasing.A knowB orderC screenD watch【正确答案】：D【本题分数】：1.0分【答案解析】monitor“监视”；know“知道、了解”；order“命令”；screen“屏幕”；watch“观察、察看”。
第2题The employer dictated the letter to his secretary, who wrote it down in shorthand.A deliveredB handedC readD revealed【正确答案】：C【本题分数】：1.0分【答案解析】本题要求找出dictate“口述”的近义词。
比较四个答案A．delivered“发送”；B．handed“交给”；C．read“读”；D．revealed“揭露”，只有C项与dictare意思最接近，所以应选C。
第3题It was no surprise when we were told that our grandfather had passed away.A survivedB gone outC diedD gone on a trip【正确答案】：C【本题分数】：1.0分【答案解析】pass away=die“去逝”；survive“幸存”；go out“出去”；go on atrip“去旅行”。
第4题We are engaged in the interdisciplinary field of the science and technology of materials.A take upB busy withC interested inD take in【正确答案】：B【本题分数】：1.0分【答案解析】be enga ged in“忙于某事”；take up“开始从事某事”；be busy with“忙于某事”；be interested in sth．“对某事感兴趣”；take in“屈服”。
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职称英语卫生类C级真题2014年(总分：100.00，做题时间：120分钟)一、第一部分：词汇选项 (总题数：15，分数：15.00)ck of space forbids further treatment of the topic here.（分数：1.00）A.receivesB.deservesC.prevents √D.accepts解析：2.His knowledge of French is fair.（分数：1.00）A.very usefulB.very limitedC.quite good √D.rather special解析：3.The new service helped boost pre-tax profits by 10%.（分数：1.00）A.returnB.increase √C.realizeD.double解析：4.He made a number of rude remarks about the food.（分数：1.00）ments √B.signsC.mannersD.noises解析：5.Take some spare clothes in case you get wet.（分数：1.00）A.fineB.winterC.outdoorD.extra √解析：6.Afterwards there was just a feeling of let-down.（分数：1.00）A.excitementB.disappointment √C.angerD.caim解析：7.The book raised a storm of controversy.（分数：1.00）B.voiceC.argument √D.doubt解析：8.The worst agonies of the war were now beginning.（分数：1.00）A.partsB.aspects √C.resultsD.pains解析：9.My principal concern is to get the job done fast.（分数：1.00）A.seriousB.deepC.main √D.particular解析：10.They are trying to identify what is wrong with the present system. （分数：1.00）A.proveB.discover √C.considerD.imagine解析：11.Some comments are just inviting trouble.（分数：1.00）A.keeping out ofB.getting into √C.asking forD.suffering from解析：12.I’m sure I’ll be able to amuse myself for a few hours.（分数：1.00）A.treatB.holdC.entertain √D.keep解析：13.Several windows had been smashed.（分数：1.00）A.broken √B.cleanedC.replacedD.fixed解析：14.The AIDS convention will be held in Glasgow.（分数：1.00）B.celebrationC.unionD.conference √解析：15.His heart gave a sudden leap when he saw her.（分数：1.00）A.jump √B.hopeC.silenceD.life解析：二、第二部分：阅读判断 (总题数：1，分数：7.00)Some Schooling on Backpacks According to the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission. 5.900 kids were treated at hospital emergency rooms, clinics, and doctors’offices last year for sprians(扭伤)and strains caused by backpacks. Such injunes are so widespread that more than 70 percent of physicians as a potential clinical problem for children. How do you avoid such problems? Choose bags that have wide, padded straps(有垫的背带)and a belt. That will help transfer some of the weight from the back and shoulders to the hips. You should also tighten both straps firmly, so the pack rests about 2 inches above your waist. Also, remember to pack your bag with the heaviest items closest to your back and to bend both knees when you pick it up. I low much should you stuff into your pack? That depends on your size and strength, but a general rule is not to exceed 20 percent of your body weight. So if a child weights 100 pounds, the backpack and its load should not be more than 20 pounds. One hint: Make frequent trips to your locker(储物柜)to exchange books between classes. Backpacks with wheels let you pull the weight along the ground,but they have problems too. Many are larger than the average shoulder bag, so students are tempted to carry more than they would in a conventional pack. Roller bags often don’t fit into a locker. They can also lead to tripping and falls in crowded halls. Whatever you use.10 or 15 minutes of stretching and back strengthening is a good idea. （分数：7.00）(1).About six thousand American kids were injured by carrying backpacks last year. （分数：1.00）A.RightB.Wrong √C.Not mentioned解析：(2).70 percent of UK physicians have treated children with sprains and strains. （分数：1.00）A.RightB.Wrong √C.Not mentioned解析：(3).Backpacks with wide, padded straps and a belt can help to avoid problems of sprains and strains. （分数：1.00）A.Right √B.WrongC.Not mentioned解析：(4).A 100-pound child should carry a backpack of more than 20 pounds. （分数：1.00）A.RightB.Wrong √C.Not mentioned(5).Children should put all the books in their lockers. （分数：1.00）A.RightB.Wrong √C.Not mentioned解析：(6).Roller bags tend to be heavier than ordinary backpacks. （分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned √解析：(7).A 10-15 minutes’exercise will help you bear a heavier backpack. （分数：1.00）A.Right √B.WrongC.Not mentioned解析：三、第三部分：概括大意与完成句子 (总题数：1，分数：8.00)Eye Problems 1 . Our eyes are under a great deal of strain these days as computer work, television viewing, night driving, and even sunshine are making exceptional demands . Sunlight, especially in the summer, is now regarded as one cause of cataracts(白内障)》 2 . The thinning of the ozone (臭氧) layer means more short-wave ultraviolet (UV) rays (紫外线) are reaching the earth, and these are the biggest risk factor for clouding the lens of the eye. Ultraviolet rays increase the risk of changes to the cornea (角膜) causing clouded vision and eventually cataracts. The rays can be shielded only by anti-UV lenses However, our eyes are not sufficiently protected by fashion sunglasses. 3 . “Poor night vision and eye fatigue are noticeably more common, and there has been a big increase in minor eye complaints in the over-40s,” says Dr . Mireille Bonnet, who more than 100,000 times a day and that everyone should learn to exercise their eye muscles and allow them to rest . 4 . It was traditionally thought that near- or far- sightedness were inherited conditions and could not be influenced by environmental factors. but new research is challenging this assumption . 5. Recent studies suggest that up to 80 percent of schoolchildren in the United States and western Europe are nearsighted. Years of focusing on close, two- dimensional work causes most children to become at least slightly nearsighted by the age of 10, say the researchers. 6 . Problems with night vision, which affect around 25 percent of people, are also on the increase because of computer use . Using computer screens means the eye must operate in electromagnetic fields (电磁场) that make it work harder. It is estimated that 25 to 30 percent of people have eye conditions, such as difficulty with night vision, which result from staring at a screen . （分数：8.00）(1).A. The development of poor night vision B. The greatest threat to the eyes C. The function o f sunglasses D. The reason for children’s nearsightedness E. The effects of computer on the eyes F. The ways to reduce eye complaints Paragraph 2 ________（分数：1.00）A.B. √C.D.E.F.解析：(2).Paragraph 3 ________ （分数：1.00）A. √C.D.E.F.解析：(3).Paragraph 4 ________ （分数：1.00）A.B.C.D. √E.F.解析：(4).Paragraph 5 ________ （分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E. √F.解析：(5).A. our parents B. clouded vision C. eye muscles D. our eyes E. computer use F. eye move Sunlight in the summer is believed to be one cause of ______. （分数：1.00）A.B. √C.D.E.F.解析：(6).We can wear antr-UV glasses to protect ______ （分数：1.00）A.B.C.D. √E.F.解析：(7).We used to believe that near- or far –sightedness were inherited from ______ （分数：1.00）A. √B.C.D.E.F.解析：(8).Over 25% of people are estimated to have difficulty with night vision due to ______ （分数：1.00）B.C.D.E. √F.解析：四、第四部分：阅读理解。