中物院新聘人员英语模拟试卷

准考证号 姓名 单\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\密\\\\封\\\\\线\\\\\内\\\\\\请\\\\\\不\\\\\要\\\\\答\\\\\\\题\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\2010年新聘用人员英语考试模拟试卷(120分钟)Part I Listening Comprehension (15 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of eachconversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marke d [A], [B], [C] and [D] , and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡上作答。

11.[A] The man had better sleep for a while.[B] The man should do some physics exercise. [C] The man should be alert about his report. [D] The man had better make some physical exercises. 12.[A] Both speakers think half of the staff are efficient.[B] The woman has a favorable opinion of the staff. [C] Neither of them has a favorable opinion of the staff. [D] The woman is a restaurant manager herself.13.[A] To take an English test.[B] To watch War and Peace. [C] To stay home and study. [D] To go to the theatre with the man.14.[A] About a month. [B] About one week.[C] About three weeks.[D] About two weeks.15.[A] George's brother.[B] George's wife. [C]George'sfather.[D] George's father-in-law. 16.[A]At a library[B] At the airport. C]Atthepostoffice.[D] At the teacher's office. 17.[A] The man might be a teacher.[B] The man does not attend the morning class.[C] The woman will have a nightmare if she gets up early. [D] The woman feels the same as the man on getting up early. 18.[A] The woman should first sign a one-year lease. [B] The woman can move in a week later. [C] The woman should paint the whole house. [D] The woman cannot rent the apartment.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 19.[A] He is going to travel. [B] He is going to take a class. [C] He is going to find a job. [D] He will go abroad.20.[A] She needs to work but also see her parents.[B] She lives so far away.[C] She has no time to visit her parents.[D] Her parents won't be back.21.[A] Travel around the area. [B] Volunteer their services.[C] Teach in some schools. [D] Visit relatives in the area. Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 22.[A] He failed in mathematics. [B] He failed in chemistry. [C] He has been ill. [D] He misses Carrie.23.[A] To make up the quiz.[B] To get some medicine.[C] To pick up her notes.[D] To find out how to make up the lessons and experiment.24.[A] Mathematics. [B] Chemistry. [C] Marketing. [D] Not mentioned.25.[A] Indifferent. [B] Concerned. [C] Upset. [D] Apologetic.PartⅡ Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions:In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet1. For questions 26-32, choose the best answer from the four choices marked[A], [B], [C] and [D].For questions33-35, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Pollution: A Life and Death IssueOne of the main themes of Planet under Pressure is the way many of the Earth's environmental crises reinforce one another. Pollution is an obvious example—we do not have the option of growing food, or finding enough water, on a squeaky-clean planet, but on one increasingly tarnished and trashed by the way we have used it so far.Cutting waste and clearing up pollution cost money. Yet time and again it is the quest for wealth that generates much of the mess in the first place. Living in a way that is less damaging to the Earth is not easy, but it is vital, because pollution is pervasive and often life-threatening.Air: the World Health Organization (WHO) says three million people are killed worldwide by outdoor air pollution annually from vehicles and industrial emissions, and 1.6 million indoors through using solid fuel. Most are in poor countries.Water: diseases carried in water are responsible for 80% of illnesses and deaths in developing countries, killing a child every eight seconds. Each year 2.1 million people die from diarrhoeal(痢疾的) diseases associated with poor water.Soil: contaminated land is a problem in industrialized countries, where former factories and power stations can leave waste like heavy metals in the soil. It can also occur in developing countries, sometimes used for dumping pesticides. Agriculture can pollute land with pesticides, nitrate-rich fertilizers and slurry from livestock. And when the contamination reaches rivers it damages life there, and can even create dead zones off the coast, as in the Gulf of Mexico.Chronic ProblemChemicals are a frequent pollutant. When we think of chemical contamination it is often images of events like Bhopal that come to mind. But the problem is widespread. One study says 7-20% of cancers are attributable to poor air and pollution in homes and workplaces. The WHO, concerned about chemicals that persist and build up in the body, especially in the young, says we may "be conducting a large-scale experiment with children's health".Some man-made chemicals, endocrine(内分泌) disruptors like phthalates(酞酸盐) and nonylphenol—a breakdown product of spermicides (杀精子剂), cosmetics and detergents—are blamed for causing changes in the genitals of some animals. Affected species include polar bears—so not even the Arctic is immune. And the chemicals climb the food chain, from fish to mammals, and to us.About 70,000 chemicals are on the market, with around 1,500 new ones appearing annually. At least 30,000 are thought never to have been comprehensively tested for their possible risks to people.At first glance, the plastic buckets stacked in the comer of the environmental NGO office look like any others. But the containers are an unlikely weapon in one poor community's fight against oil companies which they say are responsible for widespread ill-health caused by years of pollution. The vessels are used by a network of local volunteers, known as the Bucket Brigade, to gather air samples in neighborhoods bordering oil refineries, as part of a campaign to monitor and document air pollution which they believe is coming from the plants.In South Africa, as in many developing and newly industrialized countries, legislation on air pollution has failed to keep pace with mushrooming industries. So local residents, like many in poor communities around the globe, have faced the problem of investigatingtheir claim that industries on their doorsteps are making them sick.Trade-offBut the snag is that modem society demands many of them, and some are essential for survival. So while we invoke the precautionary principle, which always recommends erring on the side of caution, we have to recognize there will be trade-offs to be made.The pesticide DDT does great damage to wildlife and can affect the human nervous system, but can also be effective against malaria(疟疾). Where does the priority lie?The industrialized world has not yet cleaned up the mess it created, but it is reaping the benefits of the pollution it has caused. It can hardly tell the developing countries that they have no right to follow suit.Another complication in tackling pollution is that it does not respect political frontiers. There is a U.N. convention on trans-boundary air pollution, but that cannot cover every problem that can arise between neighbors, or between states which do not share a border. Perhaps the best example is climate change—the countries of the world share one atmosphere, and what one does can affect everyone.For One and AllOne of the principles that are supposed to apply here is simple—the polluter pays. Sometimes it is obvious who is to blame and who must pay the price, but it is not always straightforward to work out just who is the polluter, or whether the rest of us would be happy to pay the price of stopping the pollution.One way of cleaning up after ourselves would be to throw less away, designing products to be recycled or even just to last longer.Previous generations worked on the assumption that discarding our waste was a proper way to get rid of it, so we used to dump nuclear materials and other potential hazards at sea, confident they would be dispersed in the depths.We now think that is too risky because, as one author wrote, "there's no such place as ' away', and there's no such person as the 'other'."Irritating AirDespite recent improvements, however, the health problems are still there. A 2002 medical study, carried out by Durban's Nelson Mandela School of Medicine and a U.S. university, found that an abnormally high 52% of students and teachers at a primary school bordering the Engen plant suffered from asthma(哮喘). It found that increases in air pollution tended to aggravate asthma symptoms in children.The petrol producers do not dispute the findings but argue that researchers were unable to establish a causal link between air pollution and the high prevalence of asthma among the school population.For the community, the next step is to take legal action. But, according to internationally recognized environmentalist Bobby Peek, targeting the companies would be difficult as it would be near-impossible to prove that illnesses suffered were caused by pollution coming from a particular plant.Mr. Peek, who grew up beneath Engen's stacks, says the activists are now considering taking action against the authorities. "We are now looking at suing the government on constitutional grounds, for failing to ensure our right to protection from a harmful environment as stipulated in the constitution," he said.Legislative ChangeA new batch（批) of environmental laws, the National Air Quality Management Act, has just been passed by the South African parliament to replace outdated 1965 legislation with tighter controls and tougher sanctions.Martinus van Schalkwyk, the minister of environmental affairs and tourism, visited the south Durban basin earlier this year and said there were measures in place to improve the situation. "I share the anger and frustration of this community. It is long overdue," he told the South African Broadcasting Corporation.The local authorities have also established a "Multi-Point Plan" for the area. They say it is a powerful model for tackling pollution and points to a 40% reduction in sulphur dioxide emissions in recent years.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡上作答26. According to World Health Organization, how many people arekilled by outdoor air pollution?[A] 3million [B] 2.1 million[C] 1.6million [D] 3.2 million27. According to the passage, land can be polluted by _____ from agriculture.[A] heavy metals [B] pesticides and nitrate-poor fertilizers[C] slurry from livestock [D] rubbish28. What kind of animal affected by man-made chemicals is not referred in the passage?[A] Polar bears. [B] Mammals.[C] People. [D]Birds.29. What do local residents claim for?[A] They are sick because of years of pollution.[B] They are sick because of industries on their doorsteps.[C] They are sick because of pesticides from agriculture.[D] They are sick because of air pollution.30. The pesticide DDT can be effective against ______.[A] malaria [B] wildlife [C] animals [D] human nervous system31. There is a U. N. convention that can cover _____.[A] problem between neighbors[B] problem between states which do not share a border[C] problems on air pollution[D] trans-boundary air pollution32. What is not said to be a way of cleaning up after ourselves?[A] Throw less away. [B] Design recycled products.[C] Don't use it again. [D] Last longer.33. It found that increases in air pollution tended to .34. According to Bobby Peek, targeting the companies would be difficult as it would benear-impossible to prove that illnesses suffered were caused by .35. Martinus van Schalkwyk, the minister of environmental affairs and tourism, visitedthe south Durban basin earlier this year and said there were measures in place to . Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (40 minutes) Section ADirections：In this section, there is a short passage with 5 questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete statements in the fewest possible words. Please write your answers on Answer Sheet .注意：此部分试题请在答题卡上作答By the mid-nineteenth century, the term "icebox" had entered the American language, but ice was still only beginning to affect the diet of ordinary citizens in the United States. The ice trade grew with the growth of cities. Ice was used in hotels, taverns (酒馆), and hospitals, and by some forward-looking city dealers in fresh meat, fresh fish, and butter. After the Civil War (1861-1865), as ice was used to refrigerate freight cars, it also came into household use. Even before 1880, half of the ice sold in New York, Philadelphia, and Baltimore, and one-third of that sold in Boston and Chicago, went to families for their own use. This had become possible because a new household convenience, the icebox, a precursor of the modem fridge, had been invented.Making an efficient icebox was not as easy as we might now suppose. In the early nineteenth century, the knowledge of the physics of heat, which was essential to a science of refrigeration, was rudimentary(未发展的). The commonsense notion that the best icebox was one that prevented the ice from melting was of course mistaken, for it was the melting of the ice that performed the cooling. Nevertheless, early efforts to economize ice included wrapping up the ice in blankets, which kept the ice from doing its job. Not until near the end of the nineteenth century did inventors achieve the delicate balance of insulation and circulation needed for an efficient icebox.But as early as 1803, and ingenious Maryland fanner, Thomas Moore, had been on the right track. He owned a farm about twenty miles outside the city of Washington, for which the village of Georgetown was the market center. When he used an icebox of his own design to transport his butter to market, he found that customers would pass up the rapidly melting stuff in the tubs of his competitors to pay a premium price for his butter, still fresh and hard in neat, one-pound bricks. One advantage of his icebox, Mooreexplained, was that fanners would no longer have to travel to market at night in order to keep their produce cool.36. What is the topic of the passage?37. Where was ice used after the Civil War?38. What was essential to a science of refrigeration according to the passage?39. It can be inferred from the passage that the theoretical foundation of ice box should be that ____________.40. Without an ice box, fanners had to go to the market at night because ____________. Section BDirections:There are 3 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For ach of them there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡上作答Passage OneQuestions 41 to 45 are based on the following passage.Major companies are already in pursuit of commercial applications of the new biology. They dream of placing enzymes1 in the automobile to monitor exhaust and send data on pollution to a microprocessor that will then adjust the engine. They speak of what the New York Times calls "metal-hungry microbes that might be used to mine valuable trace metals from ocean water". They have already demanded and won the right to patent new life-forms.Nervous critics, including many scientists, worry that there is corporate, national, international, and inter-scientific rivalry in the entire biotechnological field. They create images not of oil spills, but of "microbe spills" that could spread disease and destroy entire populations. The creation and accidental release of extremely poisonous microbes, however, is only one cause for alarm. Completely rational and respectable scientists are talking about possibilities that stagger the imagination.Should we breed people with cow-like stomachs so they can digest grass and hay, thereby relieving the food problem by modifying us to eat lower down on the foodchain? Should we biologically alter workers to fit the job requirement, for example, creating pilots with faster reaction times or assembly-line workers designed to do our monotonous work for us? Should we attempt to eliminate "inferior" people and breed a "super-race"? (Hitler tried this, but without the genetic weaponry that may soon issue from our laboratories.) Should we produce soldiers to do our fighting? Should we use genetic forecasting to pre-eliminate "unfit" babies? Should we grow reserve organs for ourselves, each of us having, as it were, a "savings bank" full of spare kidney, livers, or hands?Wild as these notions may sound, every one has its advocates (and opposers) in the scientific community as well as its striking commercial application. As two critics of genetic engineering, Jeremy Rifkin and Ted Howard, state in their book Who Should Play God? , "Broad scale genetic engineering will probably be introduced to America much the same way as assembly lines, automobiles, vaccines, computers and all the other technologies. As each new genetic advance becomes commercially practical, a new consumer need will be exploited and a market for the new technology will be created."41. According to the passage, the exhaust from a car engine could probably be checked by[A] using metal-hungry microbes. [B] making use of enzymes.C) adjusting the engine. [D] patenting new life forms.42. According to the passage, which of the following would worry the critics the most?[A] The unanticipated explosion of population.[B]The creation of biological solar cells.[C] The accidental spill of oil.[D] The unexpected release of destructive microbes.43. Which of the following notions is NOT mentioned?[A] Developing a "savings bank" of one's organs.[B] Breeding soldiers for a war.[C] Producing people with cow-like stomachs.[D] Using genetic forecasting to cure diseases.44. According to the passage. Hitler attempted to .[A] change the pilots biologically to win the war.[B] develop genetic farming for food supply.[C] kill the people he thought of as inferior.[D] encourage the development of genetic weapons for the war.45. What does Jeremy Rifkin and Ted Howard's statement imply?[A]The commercial applications of genetic engineering are inevitable.[B] America will depend on other countries for biological progress.[C] Americans are proud of their computers, automobiles and genetic technologies.[D] The potential application of each new genetic advance should be controlled. Passage TwoQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Freshwater life itself has never come easy in the Middle East. Ever since The Old Testament(旧约全书), God punished man with 40 days and 40 nights of rain. Water supplies here have been dwindling. The rainfall only comes in winter and drains quickly through the semiarid land, leaving the soil to bake and to thirst for next November.The region's accelerating population, expanding agriculture, industrialization, and higher living standards demand more freshwater. Drought and pollution limit its availability. War and mismanagement waste it. Said Joyce Starr of the Global Water Summit Initiative, based in Washington, D.C. "Nations like Israel and Jordan are swiftly sliding into that zone where they are suing all the water resources available to them. They have only 15 to 20 years left before their agriculture, and ultimately their food security, is threatened."I came here to examine this crisis in the making, to investigate fears that "water wars" are imminent, that water has replaced oil as the region's most contentious commodity. For more than two months I traveled through three river valleys and seven nations—from southern Turkey down the Euphrates River to Syria, Iraq, and on to Kuwait; to Israel and Jordan, neighbors across the valley of the Jordan; to the timeless Egyptian Nile.Even amid the scarcity there are haves and have-nots. Compared with the United States, which in 1990 had freshwater potential of 10,000 cubic meters (2.6 million gallons) a year for each citizen, Iraq had 5,500, Turkey had 4,000, and Syria had more than 2,800. Egypt's potential was only 1,100. Israel had 460. Jordan had a meager 260. But these are not firm figures, because upstream use of river water can dramatically alter the potential downstream.Scarcity is only one element of the crisis. Inefficiency is another, as is the reluctance of some water-poor nations to change priorities from agriculture to less water-intensive enterprises. Some experts suggest that if nations would share both water technology and resources, they could satisfy the region's population, currently 159 million. But in this patchwork of ethnic and religious rivalries, water seldom stands alone as an issue. It is entangled in the politics that keep people from trusting and seeking help from one another. Here, where water, like truth, is precious, each nation tends to find its own water and supply its own truth.As Israeli hydrology professor Uri Shamir told me: "If there is political will for peace, water will not be a hindrance. If you want reasons to fight, water will not be a hindrance. If you want reasons to fight, water will give you ample opportunities."46. Why does the author use the phrase "for next November" (Line 3, Para. 1)?[A] According to the Old Testament freshwater is available only in November.[B] Rainfall comes only in winter starting from November.[C] Running water systems will not be ready until next November.[D] It is a custom in that region that irrigation to crops is done only in November.47. What is NOT the cause for the imminent water war?[A] Lack of water resources. [B] Lack of rainfall.[C] Inefficient use of water. [D] Water has replaced oil.48. One way for the region to use water efficiently is to___.[A] develop other enterprises that cost less water[B] draw a plan of irrigation for the various nations[C] import water from water-rich nations[D] stop wars of any sort for good and all49. Uri Shamir's viewpoint is that___.[A] nations in that region are just fighting for water[B] people there are thirsty for peace instead of water[C] water is no problem as long as there is peace[D] those nations have every reason to fight for water50. The author's tone in the article can be described as___.[A] depressing [B] urgent [C] joking [D] mockingPassage ThreeQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Force meaning a simple push or pull is not connected with the idea of time. Pushing or pulling upon an object, a force can change it from a state of rest to a state of motion, or from motion to rest.Work is done when a force acts through a distance. In this case, too, the time is not taken into account. For example, work is done when a weight is lifted or when a stone is thrown. A man, while standing and holding a weight, does no work in the scientific sense of the term. Though the force is applied, it results in no work.The amount of work is measured by the applied force and the distance. In order to calculate the amount of work the force is multiplied by the distance, i. e. , the amount of work is equal to the product of the force and the distance. Then, the same amount of work is done when a mass of 300 1bs. is lifted through a distance of 100 ft, whether the work is done in a minute or in an hour.While we are speaking of power, time is taken into account. Power means the time rate of doing work. It is equal to the work divided by the time required.We may define the energy of anything as its capacity for doing work. A raised hammer, has the ability to do work, for it can drive the nail in opposition to the resistance offered by the wood. Falling water has energy, for as it is flowing down it can keep turbines running.' Coal, oil and other fuels also hold energy. It can be made use of when we burn fuels to produce power.51. A force can .[A] move an object [B] stop a moving object[C] both A and B [D] change weight52. The amount of work is measured by .[A] the applied force[B] the moved distance[C] the total amount of the force and the distance.[D] the product of the force and the distance53. The word "product" here means .[A] something made in a factory [B] something resulted from thought[C] the number got by multiplying [D] something got from chemical reaction54. It can be made use of when we burn fuels to produce power. The word " power" means .[A] the time rate of doing work [B] the work divided by the time required.[C] force [D] electricity55. The text tells us .[A] the meaning of force , work or energy[B]the meaning of work, energy or power[C] the meaning of work, energy, force or power[D] the difference between force, work, energy and power.Part IV Translation (50 minutes)Directions: Translate the following into English on Answer Sheet.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡上作答绕九大行星飞行我们生活在一个由九颗行星组成的星系中，所有这些行星都围绕太阳运转。