INTERPOLATION OF SCRATCHES IN MOTION PICTURE FILMS

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关节可动的英语

关节可动的英语Flexible Joints: A Journey of Language and MobilityThe human body is an intricate and remarkable system, with each component working in harmony to facilitate seamless movement and function. Among the most captivating aspects of this marvel are the joints, the pivotal points that connect our bones and enable a wide range of motion. As we delve into the realm of the English language, we find that the nuances and richness of this global tongue mirror the flexibility and versatility of our joints.At the heart of this exploration lies the concept of joint mobility, a term that encompasses the range of motion and the ease with which a joint can be moved. Just as our joints allow us to bend, twist, and rotate, the English language offers a similar fluidity, with a vast vocabulary and an array of linguistic structures that empower us to express ourselves with precision and clarity.One of the key aspects of joint mobility is the notion of flexibility, the ability to adapt and adjust to different situations and demands. In the realm of language, this flexibility is equally crucial, as it enables us to communicate effectively across diverse cultural and socialcontexts. From the colloquial expressions of everyday conversation to the formal and technical jargon of academic discourse, the English language possesses a remarkable adaptability that mirrors the dynamic nature of our joints.Moreover, the study of joint anatomy and physiology reveals the intricate interplay of bones, ligaments, and muscles that work in concert to facilitate movement. In a similar vein, the English language can be viewed as a complex and interconnected system, where the various components – phonetics, grammar, syntax, and semantics – collaborate to create a rich and nuanced means of expression.Just as the health and proper functioning of our joints are essential for our overall well-being, the mastery of the English language is a vital skill in our increasingly globalized world. Whether we are navigating the professional landscape, engaging in intellectual discourse, or simply connecting with others, the ability to communicate effectively in English has become a cornerstone of personal and professional success.Furthermore, the analogy between joint mobility and language proficiency extends beyond the practical applications. Both involve a delicate balance of strength and flexibility, a harmonious interplay of control and adaptability. Just as our joints must maintain a carefulequilibrium to prevent injury and promote optimal movement, the use of language requires a nuanced understanding of context, tone, and the appropriate application of linguistic tools.In the pursuit of joint mobility, individuals often engage in a range of exercises and activities, from stretching and strengthening to targeted rehabilitation. Similarly, the development of language skills requires a multifaceted approach, encompassing vocabulary building, grammar study, and immersive practice. By investing time and effort into these endeavors, we not only enhance our physical capabilities but also expand the horizons of our intellectual and communicative capacities.In conclusion, the parallels between joint mobility and the English language are profound and multifaceted. Both represent the human capacity for adaptability, resilience, and the pursuit of excellence. As we strive to maintain the health and flexibility of our joints, let us also embrace the richness and versatility of the English language, using it as a means to connect, explore, and shape our world. By understanding and harnessing the interconnectedness of these two realms, we can unlock new avenues of personal growth, professional advancement, and cultural exchange, ultimately enriching our experience as global citizens.。

An_Analysis_of_the_Phenomenon_of_Creative_Treason_

Journal of Literature and Art Studies, July 2023, Vol. 13, No. 7, 492-498doi: 10.17265/2159-5836/2023.07.003An Analysis of the Phenomenon of Creative Treason inGoldblatt’s Translation of FrogTANG Zhi-yuCollege of Literature and Journalism, Sichuan University, Chengdu, ChinaLiterary transl ation should not solely focus on “what to translate”, but also on “how to translate”, exte nding theperspective to the target audience and environment. It is crucial to recognize that translation involves more thanrendering words; it entails navigating cultural differences and facilitating literary communication during theprocess of language conversion. By comparing and contrasting Mo Yan’s work of “蛙” with Howard Goldblatt’sEnglish translation Frog from both the two aspects of language and culture and the four perspectives of alienationand naturalization, deletion and addition, processing of address and dialogues, symbols of animal cultural, thisstudy explores the phenomenon of creative treason in literary translation, and provides a specific and in-depthanalysis to offer valuable insights for the translation of Chinese literature.Keywords: creative treason, Frog, translation, cultural differencesLiterary translation is not only to convert one text into another, but also to make an accurate grasp of the cultural characteristics and ideological connotations of the original text, and make appropriate changes on the basis of faithfulness to the original text. The success of literary translation should not only focus on “what to translate”, but also on “how to translate”, expand the perspective to the receiving group and the receiving environment, and realize that the translation of words is only an appearance, but the essence is the cultural difference and literary exchange in the process of language conversion. It can be said that the translator gives a second life to the literary work, which profoundly affects the popularity of the work abroad. The English translation of The Frogs helped author Mo Yan take the Nobel Prize for Literature in one go, which is undoubtedly a great success, and its dissemination and acceptance overseas cannot be separated from the translator Howard Goldblatt’s second creation. This paper compares Mo Yan’s work Frogs and Goldblatt’s English translation, and specifically explains and analyzes the phenomenon of creative rebellion, so as to provide a reference for the translation of Chinese literature.Introduction to FrogFrog is a full-length magical realism novel written by contemporary Chinese author Mo Yan, first published in 2009. Spanning the 1950s to the beginning of the 21st century, the story is set against the backdrop of the ups and downs of rural fertility in New China over the past 60 years, and uses the experience of Wan Xin,TANG Zhi-yu, Bachelor’s degree, College of Literature and Journalism, Sichuan University.a female doctor’s aunt, who has been practicing obstetrics and gynecology for more than 50 years, to paint a picture of the arduous and complex implementation of family planning policies, revealing sensitive social issues while portraying a group of characters of different shapes and sizes. The novel was awarded the 8th Mao Dun Literary Award in 2011. Subsequently, in 2012, Mo Yan achieved a historic milestone as the first Chinese author to be awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature because of Frog. The English version of Frog was skillfully translated by renowned American sinologist and translator, Howard Goldblatt. Initially published in Australia in 2014, it later made its way to the UK and the US in 2015. Its publication coincided with its inclusion in the Washington Post’s prestigious “2015 Novels to Watch” list. This successful publication and distribution of the English translation significantly amplified the global appeal and popularity of Frog.Analysis of Creative Treason in the English Translation of Frog Creative treason was first proposed by French literary sociologist Robert Escarpit, who who explains in his book Sociology of Literature that “it is always an act of creative treason, but it is still treason because it puts the work into a system of references (linguistic, in this example) for which it was not originally conceived-creative, because it gives new reality to the work in providing it with the possibility of a new literary interchange with a larger public and because it assures not only mere survival but a second existence” (Escarpit, 1971, p. 85). From this perspective, creative treason in translation involves more than superficial changes to the language’s form; it also allows the translator to make decisions on whether to creatively adapt the text based on the cultural characteristics and ideological connotations of the target country, while remaining faithful to the original ideas and expressions.Howard Goldblatt, the English translator of Frog, possesses a nuanced understanding of Chinese culture, owing to his prior study experience in China. During the process of translating Mo Yan’s work, Goldblatt adeptly navigated the differences in cultural concepts, historical development, and ideological connotations between China and the United States. His flexible approach to translation garnered the approval and support of the original author, Mo Yan. The translation exhibits a noticeable creative treason, primarily evident in two levels: linguistic and cultural adaptations, including alienation and naturalization, deletion and addition, processing of address and dialogues, symbols of animal cultural. This scholarly and culturally sensitive translation not only showcases Goldblatt’s expertise but also contributes to an enriched cross-cultural literary exchange, further enhancing the global appreciation and recognition of Mo Yan’s masterpiece Frog.Creative Treason at the Level of LanguageAlienation and NaturalizationAlienation and naturalization, initially introduced by American translator Lawrence Venuti, are key characteristics of personalized translation. “Alienation” entails the translator adhering closely to the author’s expressions in the source language to convey the original content effectively. These two concepts are essentially opposite yet complementary. On the other hand, “naturalization”involves adopting expressions familiar to the target language readers to effectively convey the original content.(ST) 那些曾以人体器官或身体部位命名的孩子，也大都改成雅名，当然也有没改的，譬如陈耳，譬如陈眉。

OSHA现场作业手册说明书

DIRECTIVE NUMBER: CPL 02-00-150 EFFECTIVE DATE: April 22, 2011 SUBJECT: Field Operations Manual (FOM)ABSTRACTPurpose: This instruction cancels and replaces OSHA Instruction CPL 02-00-148,Field Operations Manual (FOM), issued November 9, 2009, whichreplaced the September 26, 1994 Instruction that implemented the FieldInspection Reference Manual (FIRM). The FOM is a revision of OSHA’senforcement policies and procedures manual that provides the field officesa reference document for identifying the responsibilities associated withthe majority of their inspection duties. This Instruction also cancels OSHAInstruction FAP 01-00-003 Federal Agency Safety and Health Programs,May 17, 1996 and Chapter 13 of OSHA Instruction CPL 02-00-045,Revised Field Operations Manual, June 15, 1989.Scope: OSHA-wide.References: Title 29 Code of Federal Regulations §1903.6, Advance Notice ofInspections; 29 Code of Federal Regulations §1903.14, Policy RegardingEmployee Rescue Activities; 29 Code of Federal Regulations §1903.19,Abatement Verification; 29 Code of Federal Regulations §1904.39,Reporting Fatalities and Multiple Hospitalizations to OSHA; and Housingfor Agricultural Workers: Final Rule, Federal Register, March 4, 1980 (45FR 14180).Cancellations: OSHA Instruction CPL 02-00-148, Field Operations Manual, November9, 2009.OSHA Instruction FAP 01-00-003, Federal Agency Safety and HealthPrograms, May 17, 1996.Chapter 13 of OSHA Instruction CPL 02-00-045, Revised FieldOperations Manual, June 15, 1989.State Impact: Notice of Intent and Adoption required. See paragraph VI.Action Offices: National, Regional, and Area OfficesOriginating Office: Directorate of Enforcement Programs Contact: Directorate of Enforcement ProgramsOffice of General Industry Enforcement200 Constitution Avenue, NW, N3 119Washington, DC 20210202-693-1850By and Under the Authority ofDavid Michaels, PhD, MPHAssistant SecretaryExecutive SummaryThis instruction cancels and replaces OSHA Instruction CPL 02-00-148, Field Operations Manual (FOM), issued November 9, 2009. The one remaining part of the prior Field Operations Manual, the chapter on Disclosure, will be added at a later date. This Instruction also cancels OSHA Instruction FAP 01-00-003 Federal Agency Safety and Health Programs, May 17, 1996 and Chapter 13 of OSHA Instruction CPL 02-00-045, Revised Field Operations Manual, June 15, 1989. This Instruction constitutes OSHA’s general enforcement policies and procedures manual for use by the field offices in conducting inspections, issuing citations and proposing penalties.Significant Changes∙A new Table of Contents for the entire FOM is added.∙ A new References section for the entire FOM is added∙ A new Cancellations section for the entire FOM is added.∙Adds a Maritime Industry Sector to Section III of Chapter 10, Industry Sectors.∙Revises sections referring to the Enhanced Enforcement Program (EEP) replacing the information with the Severe Violator Enforcement Program (SVEP).∙Adds Chapter 13, Federal Agency Field Activities.∙Cancels OSHA Instruction FAP 01-00-003, Federal Agency Safety and Health Programs, May 17, 1996.DisclaimerThis manual is intended to provide instruction regarding some of the internal operations of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), and is solely for the benefit of the Government. No duties, rights, or benefits, substantive or procedural, are created or implied by this manual. The contents of this manual are not enforceable by any person or entity against the Department of Labor or the United States. Statements which reflect current Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission or court precedents do not necessarily indicate acquiescence with those precedents.Table of ContentsCHAPTER 1INTRODUCTIONI.PURPOSE. ........................................................................................................... 1-1 II.SCOPE. ................................................................................................................ 1-1 III.REFERENCES .................................................................................................... 1-1 IV.CANCELLATIONS............................................................................................. 1-8 V. ACTION INFORMATION ................................................................................. 1-8A.R ESPONSIBLE O FFICE.......................................................................................................................................... 1-8B.A CTION O FFICES. .................................................................................................................... 1-8C. I NFORMATION O FFICES............................................................................................................ 1-8 VI. STATE IMPACT. ................................................................................................ 1-8 VII.SIGNIFICANT CHANGES. ............................................................................... 1-9 VIII.BACKGROUND. ................................................................................................. 1-9 IX. DEFINITIONS AND TERMINOLOGY. ........................................................ 1-10A.T HE A CT................................................................................................................................................................. 1-10B. C OMPLIANCE S AFETY AND H EALTH O FFICER (CSHO). ...........................................................1-10B.H E/S HE AND H IS/H ERS ..................................................................................................................................... 1-10C.P ROFESSIONAL J UDGMENT............................................................................................................................... 1-10E. W ORKPLACE AND W ORKSITE ......................................................................................................................... 1-10CHAPTER 2PROGRAM PLANNINGI.INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................... 2-1 II.AREA OFFICE RESPONSIBILITIES. .............................................................. 2-1A.P ROVIDING A SSISTANCE TO S MALL E MPLOYERS. ...................................................................................... 2-1B.A REA O FFICE O UTREACH P ROGRAM. ............................................................................................................. 2-1C. R ESPONDING TO R EQUESTS FOR A SSISTANCE. ............................................................................................ 2-2 III. OSHA COOPERATIVE PROGRAMS OVERVIEW. ...................................... 2-2A.V OLUNTARY P ROTECTION P ROGRAM (VPP). ........................................................................... 2-2B.O NSITE C ONSULTATION P ROGRAM. ................................................................................................................ 2-2C.S TRATEGIC P ARTNERSHIPS................................................................................................................................. 2-3D.A LLIANCE P ROGRAM ........................................................................................................................................... 2-3 IV. ENFORCEMENT PROGRAM SCHEDULING. ................................................ 2-4A.G ENERAL ................................................................................................................................................................. 2-4B.I NSPECTION P RIORITY C RITERIA. ..................................................................................................................... 2-4C.E FFECT OF C ONTEST ............................................................................................................................................ 2-5D.E NFORCEMENT E XEMPTIONS AND L IMITATIONS. ....................................................................................... 2-6E.P REEMPTION BY A NOTHER F EDERAL A GENCY ........................................................................................... 2-6F.U NITED S TATES P OSTAL S ERVICE. .................................................................................................................. 2-7G.H OME-B ASED W ORKSITES. ................................................................................................................................ 2-8H.I NSPECTION/I NVESTIGATION T YPES. ............................................................................................................... 2-8 V.UNPROGRAMMED ACTIVITY – HAZARD EVALUATION AND INSPECTION SCHEDULING ............................................................................ 2-9 VI.PROGRAMMED INSPECTIONS. ................................................................... 2-10A.S ITE-S PECIFIC T ARGETING (SST) P ROGRAM. ............................................................................................. 2-10B.S CHEDULING FOR C ONSTRUCTION I NSPECTIONS. ..................................................................................... 2-10C.S CHEDULING FOR M ARITIME I NSPECTIONS. ............................................................................. 2-11D.S PECIAL E MPHASIS P ROGRAMS (SEP S). ................................................................................... 2-12E.N ATIONAL E MPHASIS P ROGRAMS (NEP S) ............................................................................... 2-13F.L OCAL E MPHASIS P ROGRAMS (LEP S) AND R EGIONAL E MPHASIS P ROGRAMS (REP S) ............ 2-13G.O THER S PECIAL P ROGRAMS. ............................................................................................................................ 2-13H.I NSPECTION S CHEDULING AND I NTERFACE WITH C OOPERATIVE P ROGRAM P ARTICIPANTS ....... 2-13CHAPTER 3INSPECTION PROCEDURESI.INSPECTION PREPARATION. .......................................................................... 3-1 II.INSPECTION PLANNING. .................................................................................. 3-1A.R EVIEW OF I NSPECTION H ISTORY .................................................................................................................... 3-1B.R EVIEW OF C OOPERATIVE P ROGRAM P ARTICIPATION .............................................................................. 3-1C.OSHA D ATA I NITIATIVE (ODI) D ATA R EVIEW .......................................................................................... 3-2D.S AFETY AND H EALTH I SSUES R ELATING TO CSHO S.................................................................. 3-2E.A DVANCE N OTICE. ................................................................................................................................................ 3-3F.P RE-I NSPECTION C OMPULSORY P ROCESS ...................................................................................................... 3-5G.P ERSONAL S ECURITY C LEARANCE. ................................................................................................................. 3-5H.E XPERT A SSISTANCE. ........................................................................................................................................... 3-5 III. INSPECTION SCOPE. ......................................................................................... 3-6A.C OMPREHENSIVE ................................................................................................................................................... 3-6B.P ARTIAL. ................................................................................................................................................................... 3-6 IV. CONDUCT OF INSPECTION .............................................................................. 3-6A.T IME OF I NSPECTION............................................................................................................................................. 3-6B.P RESENTING C REDENTIALS. ............................................................................................................................... 3-6C.R EFUSAL TO P ERMIT I NSPECTION AND I NTERFERENCE ............................................................................. 3-7D.E MPLOYEE P ARTICIPATION. ............................................................................................................................... 3-9E.R ELEASE FOR E NTRY ............................................................................................................................................ 3-9F.B ANKRUPT OR O UT OF B USINESS. .................................................................................................................... 3-9G.E MPLOYEE R ESPONSIBILITIES. ................................................................................................. 3-10H.S TRIKE OR L ABOR D ISPUTE ............................................................................................................................. 3-10I. V ARIANCES. .......................................................................................................................................................... 3-11 V. OPENING CONFERENCE. ................................................................................ 3-11A.G ENERAL ................................................................................................................................................................ 3-11B.R EVIEW OF A PPROPRIATION A CT E XEMPTIONS AND L IMITATION. ..................................................... 3-13C.R EVIEW S CREENING FOR P ROCESS S AFETY M ANAGEMENT (PSM) C OVERAGE............................. 3-13D.R EVIEW OF V OLUNTARY C OMPLIANCE P ROGRAMS. ................................................................................ 3-14E.D ISRUPTIVE C ONDUCT. ...................................................................................................................................... 3-15F.C LASSIFIED A REAS ............................................................................................................................................. 3-16VI. REVIEW OF RECORDS. ................................................................................... 3-16A.I NJURY AND I LLNESS R ECORDS...................................................................................................................... 3-16B.R ECORDING C RITERIA. ...................................................................................................................................... 3-18C. R ECORDKEEPING D EFICIENCIES. .................................................................................................................. 3-18 VII. WALKAROUND INSPECTION. ....................................................................... 3-19A.W ALKAROUND R EPRESENTATIVES ............................................................................................................... 3-19B.E VALUATION OF S AFETY AND H EALTH M ANAGEMENT S YSTEM. ....................................................... 3-20C.R ECORD A LL F ACTS P ERTINENT TO A V IOLATION. ................................................................................. 3-20D.T ESTIFYING IN H EARINGS ................................................................................................................................ 3-21E.T RADE S ECRETS. ................................................................................................................................................. 3-21F.C OLLECTING S AMPLES. ..................................................................................................................................... 3-22G.P HOTOGRAPHS AND V IDEOTAPES.................................................................................................................. 3-22H.V IOLATIONS OF O THER L AWS. ....................................................................................................................... 3-23I.I NTERVIEWS OF N ON-M ANAGERIAL E MPLOYEES .................................................................................... 3-23J.M ULTI-E MPLOYER W ORKSITES ..................................................................................................................... 3-27 K.A DMINISTRATIVE S UBPOENA.......................................................................................................................... 3-27 L.E MPLOYER A BATEMENT A SSISTANCE. ........................................................................................................ 3-27 VIII. CLOSING CONFERENCE. .............................................................................. 3-28A.P ARTICIPANTS. ..................................................................................................................................................... 3-28B.D ISCUSSION I TEMS. ............................................................................................................................................ 3-28C.A DVICE TO A TTENDEES .................................................................................................................................... 3-29D.P ENALTIES............................................................................................................................................................. 3-30E.F EASIBLE A DMINISTRATIVE, W ORK P RACTICE AND E NGINEERING C ONTROLS. ............................ 3-30F.R EDUCING E MPLOYEE E XPOSURE. ................................................................................................................ 3-32G.A BATEMENT V ERIFICATION. ........................................................................................................................... 3-32H.E MPLOYEE D ISCRIMINATION .......................................................................................................................... 3-33 IX. SPECIAL INSPECTION PROCEDURES. ...................................................... 3-33A.F OLLOW-UP AND M ONITORING I NSPECTIONS............................................................................................ 3-33B.C ONSTRUCTION I NSPECTIONS ......................................................................................................................... 3-34C. F EDERAL A GENCY I NSPECTIONS. ................................................................................................................. 3-35CHAPTER 4VIOLATIONSI. BASIS OF VIOLATIONS ..................................................................................... 4-1A.S TANDARDS AND R EGULATIONS. .................................................................................................................... 4-1B.E MPLOYEE E XPOSURE. ........................................................................................................................................ 4-3C.R EGULATORY R EQUIREMENTS. ........................................................................................................................ 4-6D.H AZARD C OMMUNICATION. .............................................................................................................................. 4-6E. E MPLOYER/E MPLOYEE R ESPONSIBILITIES ................................................................................................... 4-6 II. SERIOUS VIOLATIONS. .................................................................................... 4-8A.S ECTION 17(K). ......................................................................................................................... 4-8B.E STABLISHING S ERIOUS V IOLATIONS ............................................................................................................ 4-8C. F OUR S TEPS TO BE D OCUMENTED. ................................................................................................................... 4-8 III. GENERAL DUTY REQUIREMENTS ............................................................. 4-14A.E VALUATION OF G ENERAL D UTY R EQUIREMENTS ................................................................................. 4-14B.E LEMENTS OF A G ENERAL D UTY R EQUIREMENT V IOLATION.............................................................. 4-14C. U SE OF THE G ENERAL D UTY C LAUSE ........................................................................................................ 4-23D.L IMITATIONS OF U SE OF THE G ENERAL D UTY C LAUSE. ..............................................................E.C LASSIFICATION OF V IOLATIONS C ITED U NDER THE G ENERAL D UTY C LAUSE. ..................F. P ROCEDURES FOR I MPLEMENTATION OF S ECTION 5(A)(1) E NFORCEMENT ............................ 4-25 4-27 4-27IV.OTHER-THAN-SERIOUS VIOLATIONS ............................................... 4-28 V.WILLFUL VIOLATIONS. ......................................................................... 4-28A.I NTENTIONAL D ISREGARD V IOLATIONS. ..........................................................................................4-28B.P LAIN I NDIFFERENCE V IOLATIONS. ...................................................................................................4-29 VI. CRIMINAL/WILLFUL VIOLATIONS. ................................................... 4-30A.A REA D IRECTOR C OORDINATION ....................................................................................................... 4-31B.C RITERIA FOR I NVESTIGATING P OSSIBLE C RIMINAL/W ILLFUL V IOLATIONS ........................ 4-31C. W ILLFUL V IOLATIONS R ELATED TO A F ATALITY .......................................................................... 4-32 VII. REPEATED VIOLATIONS. ...................................................................... 4-32A.F EDERAL AND S TATE P LAN V IOLATIONS. ........................................................................................4-32B.I DENTICAL S TANDARDS. .......................................................................................................................4-32C.D IFFERENT S TANDARDS. .......................................................................................................................4-33D.O BTAINING I NSPECTION H ISTORY. .....................................................................................................4-33E.T IME L IMITATIONS..................................................................................................................................4-34F.R EPEATED V. F AILURE TO A BATE....................................................................................................... 4-34G. A REA D IRECTOR R ESPONSIBILITIES. .............................................................................. 4-35 VIII. DE MINIMIS CONDITIONS. ................................................................... 4-36A.C RITERIA ................................................................................................................................................... 4-36B.P ROFESSIONAL J UDGMENT. ..................................................................................................................4-37C. A REA D IRECTOR R ESPONSIBILITIES. .............................................................................. 4-37 IX. CITING IN THE ALTERNATIVE ............................................................ 4-37 X. COMBINING AND GROUPING VIOLATIONS. ................................... 4-37A.C OMBINING. ..............................................................................................................................................4-37B.G ROUPING. ................................................................................................................................................4-38C. W HEN N OT TO G ROUP OR C OMBINE. ................................................................................................4-38 XI. HEALTH STANDARD VIOLATIONS ....................................................... 4-39A.C ITATION OF V ENTILATION S TANDARDS ......................................................................................... 4-39B.V IOLATIONS OF THE N OISE S TANDARD. ...........................................................................................4-40 XII. VIOLATIONS OF THE RESPIRATORY PROTECTION STANDARD(§1910.134). ....................................................................................................... XIII. VIOLATIONS OF AIR CONTAMINANT STANDARDS (§1910.1000) ... 4-43 4-43A.R EQUIREMENTS UNDER THE STANDARD: .................................................................................................. 4-43B.C LASSIFICATION OF V IOLATIONS OF A IR C ONTAMINANT S TANDARDS. ......................................... 4-43 XIV. CITING IMPROPER PERSONAL HYGIENE PRACTICES. ................... 4-45A.I NGESTION H AZARDS. .................................................................................................................................... 4-45B.A BSORPTION H AZARDS. ................................................................................................................................ 4-46C.W IPE S AMPLING. ............................................................................................................................................. 4-46D.C ITATION P OLICY ............................................................................................................................................ 4-46 XV. BIOLOGICAL MONITORING. ...................................................................... 4-47CHAPTER 5CASE FILE PREPARATION AND DOCUMENTATIONI.INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................... 5-1 II.INSPECTION CONDUCTED, CITATIONS BEING ISSUED. .................... 5-1A.OSHA-1 ................................................................................................................................... 5-1B.OSHA-1A. ............................................................................................................................... 5-1C. OSHA-1B. ................................................................................................................................ 5-2 III.INSPECTION CONDUCTED BUT NO CITATIONS ISSUED .................... 5-5 IV.NO INSPECTION ............................................................................................... 5-5 V. HEALTH INSPECTIONS. ................................................................................. 5-6A.D OCUMENT P OTENTIAL E XPOSURE. ............................................................................................................... 5-6B.E MPLOYER’S O CCUPATIONAL S AFETY AND H EALTH S YSTEM. ............................................................. 5-6 VI. AFFIRMATIVE DEFENSES............................................................................. 5-8A.B URDEN OF P ROOF. .............................................................................................................................................. 5-8B.E XPLANATIONS. ..................................................................................................................................................... 5-8 VII. INTERVIEW STATEMENTS. ........................................................................ 5-10A.G ENERALLY. ......................................................................................................................................................... 5-10B.CSHO S SHALL OBTAIN WRITTEN STATEMENTS WHEN: .......................................................................... 5-10C.L ANGUAGE AND W ORDING OF S TATEMENT. ............................................................................................. 5-11D.R EFUSAL TO S IGN S TATEMENT ...................................................................................................................... 5-11E.V IDEO AND A UDIOTAPED S TATEMENTS. ..................................................................................................... 5-11F.A DMINISTRATIVE D EPOSITIONS. .............................................................................................5-11 VIII. PAPERWORK AND WRITTEN PROGRAM REQUIREMENTS. .......... 5-12 IX.GUIDELINES FOR CASE FILE DOCUMENTATION FOR USE WITH VIDEOTAPES AND AUDIOTAPES .............................................................. 5-12 X.CASE FILE ACTIVITY DIARY SHEET. ..................................................... 5-12 XI. CITATIONS. ..................................................................................................... 5-12A.S TATUTE OF L IMITATIONS. .............................................................................................................................. 5-13B.I SSUING C ITATIONS. ........................................................................................................................................... 5-13C.A MENDING/W ITHDRAWING C ITATIONS AND N OTIFICATION OF P ENALTIES. .................................. 5-13D.P ROCEDURES FOR A MENDING OR W ITHDRAWING C ITATIONS ............................................................ 5-14 XII. INSPECTION RECORDS. ............................................................................... 5-15A.G ENERALLY. ......................................................................................................................................................... 5-15B.R ELEASE OF I NSPECTION I NFORMATION ..................................................................................................... 5-15C. C LASSIFIED AND T RADE S ECRET I NFORMATION ...................................................................................... 5-16。

An adaptive singular finite element in nonlinear fracture mechanics

$An adaptive singular finite element in nonlinear fracture mechanics$

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R. Denzer et al.
2 Spatial motion problem 2.1 Kinematics and kinetics To set the stage and in order to introduce terminology and notation, we brieﬂy reiterate some key issues pertaining to the geometrically nonlinear kinematics and kinetics of the quasi-static spatial motion problem. Thereby, in order to introduce the relevant concepts, we merely consider a conservative mechanical system. In this case, the internal potential energy density Wτ per unit volume in B τ with τ = 0, t characterises the hyperelastic material response and is commonly denoted as stored energy density. Moreover, an external potential energy density Vτ characterises the conservative loading. Then, the conservative mechanical system is essentially characterised by the total potential energy density per unit volume Uτ = Wτ + Vτ . In the spatial motion problem in Fig. 1, the placement x of a ‘physical particle’ in the spatial conﬁguration Bt is described by the nonlinear spatial motion deformation map x = ϕ( X ) (1) in terms of the placement X of the same ‘physical particle’ in the material conﬁguration B0 . The spatial motion deformation gradient, i.e. the linear tangent map associated with the spatial motion deformation map, together with its determinant are then given by F = ∇X ϕ ( X ) and J = det F and its inverse by f = F −1 and j = det f (3) which will be discussed more precisely later. The quasi-static balance of momentum for the spatial motion problem reads − Div P = b0 ⇒ − div σ = bt (4) The two-point description stress P and the spatial description stress σ , see Fig. 1, which are called the (2)

爱打羽毛球的好处英语作文

Playing badminton is a fantastic way to engage in physical activity and enjoy numerous health benefits.Here are some of the advantages of this sport:1.Improves Cardiovascular Health:Badminton is an aerobic exercise that helps to strengthen the heart and improve the circulation of blood throughout the body.2.Enhances Flexibility:The sport requires players to move in various directions, stretching and bending,which improves overall flexibility and range of motion.3.Builds Strength:The repetitive movements involved in badminton,such as swinging the racket and jumping,help to build muscle strength,particularly in the arms,legs,and core.4.Boosts Coordination:The quick reflexes and precise movements needed in badminton enhance handeye coordination and body awareness.5.Reduces Stress:Engaging in physical activities like badminton can release endorphins, which are natural mood lifters that help to reduce stress and anxiety.6.Promotes Social Interaction:Badminton is often played in doubles,encouraging teamwork and social interaction with fellow players.7.Improves Balance:The need to move quickly and maintain body control during the game helps to improve balance and stability.8.Burns Calories:Badminton can be an effective way to burn calories and contribute to weight management.9.Develops Agility:The sport requires players to be quick on their feet,which helps to develop agility and quick thinking.10.Encourages a Healthy Lifestyle:Regular participation in badminton can be part of a broader commitment to a healthy and active lifestyle.11.Accessible to All Ages:Badminton can be enjoyed by people of all ages,making it an inclusive sport for families and communities.12.Cognitive Benefits:The strategic thinking required in badminton can help to improve cognitive function and problemsolving skills.13.Low Impact:Compared to some other sports,badminton is relatively low impact, reducing the risk of injuries associated with highimpact activities.14.Fun and Enjoyable:Above all,badminton is a fun and enjoyable sport that can be played casually or competitively,making it an attractive option for those looking to stay active.By incorporating badminton into your routine,you can experience these benefits and enjoy the games unique combination of speed,skill,and strategy.。

Combustion instability due to the nonlinear interaction between sound and flame

Center for Turbulence Research Annual Research Briefs 2001
131
Combustion instability due to the nonlinear interaction between sound and ﬂame
By Xuesong Wu†, Meng Wang
AND
Parviz Moin
1Hale Waihona Puke IntroductionCombustion instability generally refers to the sustained pressure ﬂuctuations of acoustic nature in a chamber where unsteady combustion takes place. It is essentially a selfexcited oscillation, involving a complex interplay between unsteady heat release, the acoustic ﬂuctuation and the vorticity ﬁeld, which according to experimental observations (e.g. Poinsot et al. 1987, Yu, Trouve & Daily 1991, Schadow & Gutmark 1992), may be described as follows. Unsteady heat release produces sound, which then generates (Kelvin-Helmholtz) instability waves at the inlet (via a receptivity mechanism as it is referred to in laminar-turbulent transition). These waves amplify and roll up on the shear layer and ﬁnally break down into small-scale motions, thereby aﬀecting the heat release. The whole process forms a closed loop. An important insight into the eﬀect of unsteady heat release on sound ampliﬁcation is provided by the Rayleigh criterion, which states that an acoustic wave will amplify if its pressure and the heat release are ‘in phase’, i.e. the integral of the product of the pressure and the unsteady heat release over a cycle is positive. The diﬃculty in applying this criterion is that unsteady heat release is often part of the solution and thus not known a priori. A usual remedy is to extrapolate, by using available experimental data, some empirical relations between the heat release and sound ﬂuctuation. This then leads to a thermo-acoustic problem. Such an approach has been employed by Bloxsidge, Dowling & Langhorne (1988) to describe ‘reheat buzz’ (Langhorne 1988). Dowling (1995) formulated this approach in a more general setting, and discussed, inter alia, the eﬀects of the mean Mach number and heat distribution. In the above semi-empirical approach, the hydrodynamic (and chemical) processes of combustion are completely by-passed. To understand the acoustic-ﬂame coupling on a ﬁrst-principles basis, one has to look into the structure of the ﬂame as well as its associated hydrodynamic ﬁeld. Fortunately, for premixed ﬂames much knowledge about the last two aspects above has been obtained by using the powerful asymptotic approach based on the large-activation-energy assumption (Williams 1985). The reader is referred to Clavin (1985, 1994) for detailed reviews of the subject. This framework as well as relevant previous results will be used in our work. Detailed discussions will be presented in Section 2. A thorough theoretical treatment of sound-ﬂame coupling is unrealistic at the present for a practical combustor, where the ﬂow is strongly vortical and turbulent. As a ﬁrst step, it is necessary to restrict to the simple case where the hydrodynamic motion is primarily due to unsteady heat release and remains laminar. A formal formulation of acoustic-ﬂame coupling has been given by Harten, Kapila & Matkowsky (1984) for what may be called the ‘high-frequency’ regime, where the acoustic time scale is comparable to the transit time of the ﬂame, O(d/UL ), where d and UL stand

英文原文-小波变换

The Wavelet TransformThe Wavelet Transform is the new realm of a quick development in current mathematics, the theories is deep and apply very extensively.The concept of small wave transformation is BE been engaged in engineer J.Morlet of petroleum signal processing to put forward first in 1974 beginning of years by France, passed the keeping of physics effective demand of view and signal processing to empirically build up anti- play formula, could not get the approbation of mathematician at that time.Just such as 1807 France of hot learn engineer J.B.J.Fourier to put forward any functions can launch into the creative concept of the endless series of triangle function can not get famous mathematician grange, the approbation of place and A.M.Legendre is similar.Lucky of BE, as early as 70's, A.Calderon means the detection of axioms and Hardy space of atom the resolving did to theoretically prepare for the birth of small wave transformation with the thorough research of unconditional radicle, and J.O.Stromberg still constructed history the top is similar to the small wave in now very much radicle;Famous mathematician Y.Meyer by chance constructs a real small wave of in 1986 radicle, and cooperates with S.Mallat to build up the approval method of constructing the small wave radicle Zao after many dimensionses are analytical, small the wave analysis just start developing rapidly, among them, female mathematician I.Daubechies in Belgium composes of 《small wave ten speak(Ten Lectures on Wavelets) 》have an important push function to the universality of the small wave.It and Fourier transformation and window way Fourier the transformation(Gabor transformation) compares, these are a time and area transformation in the bureau of frequency, as a result can effectively withdraw an information from the signal, pass stretch and shrink to peaceably move to wait operation function to carry on many many difficult problems that the transformations that the dimensionses are thin to turn analysis(Multiscale Analysis), solve Fourier can not work out to the function or the signal, thus small wave the variety is praised as "mathematics microscope", it is the progresses of concordance analysis the development history top milestone type.The application of small wave analysis is to study with the theories of small wave analysis closely and combine together.Now, it has already obtained achievement that make person's focus attention in science and technology information industry realm.The electronics information technique is a realm of importance in six great high new techniques, its important aspect is portrait and signal processing.At present, the signal processing has already become the importance part that contemporary science technique works, the signal handles of purpose be:Accurate analysis, diagnosis, code compression and quantity to turn, quickly deliver or saving, by the square weigh to reach.(or instauration)Seeing from mathematics ground angle, signal and portrait processing can unify to see make is a signal processing(the portrait can see make is a two-dimensional signal),in small many applications of wave analytically many analysises, can return knot to handle a problem for signal.Now, is a stable constant signal to its property with the fulfillment, the ideal tool of processing still keeps being a Fu to sign leaf's analysis.But at physically applied in of the great majority signal right and wrong stabilize of, but be specially applicable to tool of stabilizing the signal not be small wave analysis.In fact the applied realm of small wave analysis is pretty much extensive, it includes:Many academicses of mathematics realm;Signal analytical, portrait processing;Quantum mechanics, theories physics;The military electronics resists to turn with the intelligence of weapon;Calculator classification with identify;The artificial of music and language synthesizes;The medical science becomes to be like and diagnoses;The earthquake investigates to explore a data processing;The breakdown diagnosis of the large machine etc.;For example, in mathematics, it has already used for number analysis,Construct the rapid number method, curve curved face structure, differential equation to solve, control theory etc..Analyze the filtering of aspect wave, Zao voice and compress, deliver etc. in the signal.The portrait compression, classification that handles aspect in the portrait, identify and diagnose, go to dirty wait.The decrease B that becomes to be like aspect in the medical science is super, CT, nuclear magnetic resonance become be like of time, raise a resolution etc..The Wavelet Transform is used for signal and portrait compression are small waves are an important aspect that analyzes an application.Its characteristics is to compress a ratio Gao, compress speed quick, compression behind can keep signal is as constant as the characteristic of portrait, and in the middle of delivering can with the anti- interference.Have a lot of methods according to the compression of small wave analysis, a little bit successfully have small wave radicle method with best pack, small wave area veins model method, small wave transformation zero trees compress, the small wave transformation vector compresses etc..The Wavelet Transform in the signal in of the application is also very extensive.It can used for a handling of boundary and filter wave, repeatedly analytical, letter the Zao separate and withdraw weak signal, beg identifying of form index number, signal and diagnosis and many dimensions edges in cent to examine...etc..The application in engineering technique etc..Include calculator sense of vision, calculator sketch to learn, the research and biomedical science in the curve design, swift flow and long range cosmos.Correspondby letter in the video frequency in, video frequency's coding a technique not only has to have the coding efficiency of Gao and it is born code of to flow to have various flexible.In this research realm, flow out to appear many new coding thoughts and technique, code calculate way according to the video frequency of the small wave transformation among them be have much of one of the technique of development foreground.This text carries on a classification research to the smallwave the area video frequency coding calculate way of typical model in the cultural heritage and get a dissimilarity of according to the function analysis of the video frequency coding calculate way of small wave transformation.The merit and shortcoming that contrast analysis calculate way respectively, point out small wave the area video frequency codes calculate way of research direction.The small wave transformation is a kind of tool, it data, function or calculate son to cut up into the composition of different frequency, then study with the method of decomposition to in response to under the dimensions of composition.This technical earlier period work is a difference to independently make in each research realm with different:Such as be engaged in an in harmony with analysis research in pure mathematics of just d Jia the atom of the ∞(1964) resolve;The physical educational circles hands the A Y ou of matter quantum mechanics research Ksen and a flock that Klander(1968) constructs concern with Tai and also have research hydrogen Paul of the atom man airtight Er function;(1985)The engineering field is like the design(1977) of nd to qMF filter of Estebarl and G Y ou, later on Sn, -th and Bam Ⅵtell(1986) vetterli(1986) the fork studied to have to strictly weigh to reach OMF of the characteristic a filter in the electrical engineering. the J M(1983) formally put forward the concept of small wave in the analysis in the earthquake data.About five in the last yearses, people carried on each above-mentioned work made by realm to synthesize and made it become a kind of method of without loss of generality that can be applicable to each realm.Let us temporary analyze a small wave method inside the scope to carry on a discussion in the signal.Signal at the small wave transformation(for example.the voice exert the flapping of pressure on the ear drum) in the area is decided by two three quantities:The dimensions(or frequency) in time:When the small Du transformation is 1 kind repeatedly the part repeatedly positioned while turning or being called of tool, this book the l chapter will relate repeatedly fixed position of meaning and it causes a person door biggest the reason of interest, afterward will carry on a description to the small wave of different model.。

中英动画制作常用术语随时添加

片集造型
sub character
别层/分层
unseperate layer
1
跳跃
Jump
检查
Looks
眨眼
blink(BLK)
口型动
lip synchronise
台词/对白
Dialogue
姿势
Pose
预备动作
anticipate(antic)
反映
Reacts
挤压
Squash
随意口型
ad lib
慢慢的
交叉叠化
Cross dissolve
软切
Soft cut
9
10
刻度
Track
快速
Quickly
音响效果
sound effect
表演
Slug
描线/着色
T P
正常着色
normal paint
5
只要背景
BG only
动画纸（DWG）
Drawing
正篇
Program
故事概略
Synopsis
主题
Theme
台词声带
voice track
服装
Costume
彩色样本
color sample
物体；选择想要的关联复制类型
Objects
逐格动画
Pixilation
实体动画
Ppizilation
渲染
Render
重采样
Resample
8
投射
project
声画不同步
Out of sync
样板
Template
纹理贴图
Texture mapping
配乐

2 Fermi Liquids and Luttinger Liquids

10
Heinz J. Schulz et al.
Subsequently, I will ﬁrst brieﬂy discuss the case of a noninteracting manyfermion system (the Fermi gas), and then turn to Landau’s theory of the interacting case (the liquid), ﬁrst from a phenomenological point of view, and then microscopically. A much more detailed and complete exposition of these subjects can be found in the literature [5–9]. 2.2.1 The Fermi Gas
2
Fermi Liquids and Luttinger Liquids
Heinz J. Schulz, Gianaurelio Cuniberti, and Pierbiagio Pieri
2.1
Introduction
In these lecture notes, corresponding roughly to lectures given at the summer school in Chia Laguna, Italy, in September 1997, an attempt is made to present the physics of three-dimensional interacting fermion systems (very roughly) and that of their one-dimensional counterparts, the so-called Luttinger liquids (in some more detail). These subjects play a crucial role in a number of currently highly active areas of research: high temperature and organic superconductors, quantum phase transitions, correlated fermion systems, quantum wires, the quantum Hall eﬀect, low-dimensional magnetism, and probably some others. Some understanding of this physics thus certainly should be useful in a variety of areas, and it is hoped that these notes will be helpful in this. As the subject of these lectures was quite similar to those delivered at Les Houches, some overlap in the notes [1] was unavoidable. However, a number of improvements have been made, for example a discussion of the “Klein factors” occurring in the bosonization of one-dimensional fermions, and new material added, mainly concerning spin chains and coupled Luttinger liquids. Some attempt has been made to keep references up to date, but this certainly has not always been successful, so we apologize in advance for any omissions (but then, these are lecture notes, not a review article).

计算机视觉常用术语中英文对照

---------------------------------------------------------------最新资料推荐------------------------------------------------------ 计算机视觉常用术语中英文对照计算机视觉常用术语中英文对照（1）人工智能 Artificial Intelligence 认知科学与神经科学Cognitive Science and Neuroscience 图像处理Image Processing 计算机图形学Computer graphics 模式识别 Pattern Recognized 图像表示 Image Representation 立体视觉与三维重建Stereo Vision and 3D Reconstruction 物体（目标）识别 Object Recognition 运动检测与跟踪Motion Detection and Tracking 边缘edge 边缘检测detection 区域region 图像分割segmentation 轮廓与剪影contour and silhouette1/ 10纹理 texture 纹理特征提取 feature extraction 颜色 color 局部特征 local features or blob 尺度 scale 摄像机标定 Camera Calibration 立体匹配stereo matching 图像配准Image Registration 特征匹配features matching 物体识别Object Recognition 人工标注Ground-truth 自动标注Automatic Annotation 运动检测与跟踪 Motion Detection and Tracking 背景剪除Background Subtraction 背景模型与更新background modeling and update---------------------------------------------------------------最新资料推荐------------------------------------------------------ 运动跟踪 Motion Tracking 多目标跟踪 multi-target tracking 颜色空间 color space 色调 Hue 色饱和度 Saturation 明度 Value 颜色不变性 Color Constancy（人类视觉具有颜色不变性）照明illumination 反射模型Reflectance Model 明暗分析Shading Analysis 成像几何学与成像物理学 Imaging Geometry and Physics 全像摄像机 Omnidirectional Camera 激光扫描仪 Laser Scanner 透视投影Perspective projection 正交投影Orthopedic projection3/ 10表面方向半球 Hemisphere of Directions 立体角 solid angle 透视缩小效应 foreshortening 辐射度 radiance 辐照度 irradiance 亮度 intensity 漫反射表面、Lambertian（朗伯）表面 diffuse surface 镜面 Specular Surfaces 漫反射率 diffuse reflectance 明暗模型 Shading Models 环境光照 ambient illumination 互反射interreflection 反射图Reflectance Map 纹理分析Texture Analysis 元素 elements---------------------------------------------------------------最新资料推荐------------------------------------------------------ 基元 primitives 纹理分类 texture classification 从纹理中恢复图像 shape from texture 纹理合成 synthetic 图形绘制 graph rendering 图像压缩 image compression 统计方法 statistical methods 结构方法 structural methods 基于模型的方法 model based methods 分形fractal 自相关性函数autocorrelation function 熵entropy 能量energy 对比度contrast 均匀度homogeneity5/ 10相关性 correlation 上下文约束 contextual constraints Gibbs 随机场吉布斯随机场边缘检测、跟踪、连接 Detection、Tracking、Linking LoG 边缘检测算法（墨西哥草帽算子）LoG=Laplacian of Gaussian 霍夫变化 Hough Transform 链码 chain code B-样条B-spline 有理 B-样条 Rational B-spline 非均匀有理 B-样条Non-Uniform Rational B-Spline 控制点control points 节点knot points 基函数 basis function 控制点权值 weights 曲线拟合 curve fitting---------------------------------------------------------------最新资料推荐------------------------------------------------------ 内插 interpolation 逼近 approximation 回归 Regression 主动轮廓Active Contour Model or Snake 图像二值化Image thresholding 连通成分connected component 数学形态学mathematical morphology 结构元structuring elements 膨胀Dilation 腐蚀 Erosion 开运算 opening 闭运算 closing 聚类clustering 分裂合并方法 split-and-merge 区域邻接图 region adjacency graphs7/ 10四叉树quad tree 区域生长Region Growing 过分割over-segmentation 分水岭watered 金字塔pyramid 亚采样sub-sampling 尺度空间 Scale Space 局部特征 Local Features 背景混淆clutter 遮挡occlusion 角点corners 强纹理区域strongly textured areas 二阶矩阵 Second moment matrix 视觉词袋 bag-of-visual-words 类内差异 intra-class variability---------------------------------------------------------------最新资料推荐------------------------------------------------------ 类间相似性inter-class similarity 生成学习Generative learning 判别学习discriminative learning 人脸检测Face detection 弱分类器weak learners 集成分类器ensemble classifier 被动测距传感passive sensing 多视点Multiple Views 稠密深度图 dense depth 稀疏深度图 sparse depth 视差disparity 外极epipolar 外极几何Epipolor Geometry 校正Rectification 归一化相关 NCC Normalized Cross Correlation9/ 10平方差的和 SSD Sum of Squared Differences 绝对值差的和 SAD Sum of Absolute Difference 俯仰角 pitch 偏航角 yaw 扭转角twist 高斯混合模型Gaussian Mixture Model 运动场motion field 光流 optical flow 贝叶斯跟踪 Bayesian tracking 粒子滤波 Particle Filters 颜色直方图 color histogram 尺度不变特征转换 SIFT scale invariant feature transform 孔径问题 Aperture problem。

IYPT2014题目翻译

8.freezing droplets冰冻液滴
把一滴水放置在盘子上，冷却到约-20℃。它结冰后，液滴的形状会变成带有一个尖顶的圆锥形（cone-like with a sharp top）。研究这个作用效果。
9.water bombs水弹
一些学生的水气球战斗失效了，他们扔出的气球没有爆炸而是反弹回来。研究这个运动，形变，和充满流体（fluid）的气球的反弹。在什么情况下气球会破？
13.rotating saddle旋转的鞍
一个球被放在旋转的鞍上。研究它的动力学，并解释球不会从鞍上落下来的情况。
14.rubber motor橡胶电动机
一个扭曲的橡胶带储存着能量，例如可以用来驱动一个模型飞机。研究这样一个能量来源的特性，以及能量输出是如何随着时间变化的。
15.oil stars油星星
5.loaded hoop负重的环
在环的内部加一个小的重量(fasten a small weight)（呼啦圈的构造），给它一个初始的推动（push）使它运动起来。研究这个环的运动。
6.bubble crystal气泡晶体
大量非常小的相似的气泡浮在肥皂水（a soapy liquid）的表面。泡泡自己会排列成一个类似晶体格子（a crystalline lattice）的整齐图案。提出一个方法来获得大小一致的泡泡（consistent size),并研究这样一个气泡晶体的构造（formation）
10.coefficient of diffusion扩散系数
用显微镜观察一个微米极颗粒的布朗运动的规律（the Brownian motion of a particle of the order of micrometre in size）。研究扩散系数是怎样决定于微粒的大小和形状。

关于动画片的英语作文

Cartoons,or animated films,have been a significant part of our culture and entertainment for many decades.They are not just for children they have evolved to cater to audiences of all ages,with themes ranging from lighthearted comedy to thoughtprovoking drama.Heres a detailed look at the world of cartoons and their impact on society.The History of AnimationThe journey of animation began in the early20th century with pioneers like Walt Disney and Max Fleischer.They introduced the world to characters like Mickey Mouse and Betty Boop,who captured the hearts of audiences globally.Over time,animation techniques have advanced from handdrawn cells to computergenerated imagery CGI, allowing for more complex and visually stunning productions.Types of AnimationThere are various types of animation,each with its unique style and appeal:2D Animation:Traditional handdrawn animation where artists create each frame by hand. 3D Animation:Uses computer software to create threedimensional models and environments.StopMotion:A technique where objects are physically manipulated in small increments between individually photographed frames.CGI:Computergenerated imagery that creates realistic or stylized animations using computer graphics.Impact on SocietyCartoons have had a profound impact on society,influencing art,culture,and even language.They have been used as a medium to convey social messages,promote education,and provide a platform for creative expression.For example,shows like The Simpsons and South Park are known for their satirical take on social issues.Educational ValueMany animated series are designed with educational content,making learning fun for children.Shows like Sesame Street and Dora the Explorer teach basic concepts, languages,and problemsolving skills in an engaging way.Economic ImpactThe animation industry is a significant economic driver,creating jobs in various sectors, including film production,software development,and merchandising.It also contributes to tourism,with theme parks and attractions based on popular animated characters.Cultural InfluenceCartoons have played a role in shaping cultural identities and promoting cultural exchange.Japanese anime,for example,has a global following and has influenced the art and storytelling of other countries animation industries.Challenges and ControversiesDespite their popularity,cartoons have faced criticism and controversy.Some argue that certain animated content can be violent or inappropriate for young audiences.Others debate the cultural appropriation seen in some productions.Future of AnimationWith advancements in technology,the future of animation looks promising.Virtual reality VR and augmented reality AR are opening up new possibilities for immersive storytelling.Additionally,the rise of independent animators and online platforms is democratizing the industry,allowing for a more diverse range of voices and stories to be told.In conclusion,cartoons are more than just a form of entertainment they are a reflection of our society,a tool for education,and a source of inspiration for artists and storytellers around the world.As the animation industry continues to evolve,it will undoubtedly continue to shape our culture and provide us with new ways to explore the world through the magic of animation.。

介绍京剧的价值作文英语

Peking Opera,known as Jingju in Chinese,is a traditional form of Chinese theater that combines music,vocal performance,mime,dance,and acrobatics.It is recognized as one of the quintessential elements of Chinese culture,embodying a rich history and a unique artistic style.Here are some key aspects that highlight the value of Peking Opera:1.Cultural Heritage:Peking Opera is a significant part of Chinas cultural heritage,with roots dating back to the18th century.It has evolved over centuries,absorbing various regional operatic forms and incorporating them into a cohesive art form.2.Artistic Expression:The art form is known for its elaborate makeup,colorful costumes, and intricate stage sets.Each character type has a specific makeup style and costume that helps to convey their role and personality.3.Storytelling:Peking Opera tells stories from Chinese history,folklore,and literature.It is a medium for passing down traditional values and moral lessons,often highlighting themes of loyalty,bravery,and justice.4.Musical Accompaniment:The music of Peking Opera is a blend of various regional musical styles.It includes both vocal and instrumental parts,with the latter often played on traditional Chinese instruments such as the pipa,erhu,and gongs.5.Vocal Performance:The singing in Peking Opera is highly stylized and can be divided into two main types:the loud and powerful Xipi and the gentler,more melodic Erhuan. The vocal techniques require rigorous training and are an integral part of the performance.6.Physical Performance:The physical movements in Peking Opera are highly codified, with each gesture and posture having a specific meaning.Performers must master these movements to convey emotions and actions effectively.7.Mime and Acrobatics:Peking Opera incorporates elements of mime and acrobatics, which add to the visual appeal of the performance.These elements are used to depict actions such as fighting,riding a horse,or flying.8.Character Types:Peking Opera features a variety of character types,including the dignified Sheng,the paintedface Chou,the heroic Dan,and the martial Jing.Each type has its own set of performance conventions.cational Value:Peking Opera serves as an educational tool,teaching audiences about Chinese history,literature,and traditional values.It is often used in schools to promote cultural awareness and appreciation.10.International Recognition:Peking Opera has gained international recognition and has been inscribed on the UNESCO Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity,showcasing its global significance.11.Preservation of Traditional Skills:The art form helps preserve traditional Chinese performance skills,including singing,acting,acrobatics,and martial arts,which might otherwise be lost over time.12.Cultural Exchange:Peking Opera serves as a bridge for cultural exchange,allowing audiences from around the world to experience and appreciate the richness of Chinese culture.In conclusion,Peking Opera is a multifaceted art form that offers a window into Chinese history,culture,and society.Its preservation and promotion are crucial for maintaining the diversity of global cultural expressions and ensuring that future generations can continue to enjoy and learn from this unique theatrical tradition.。

似动现象作文模板英语

似动现象作文模板英语英文回答：Kinetic illusions, or apparent motion, occur when the brain interprets a series of stationary images as a moving image, creating the perception of motion. This illusion is often used in animation and filmmaking to simulate movement without actually moving the objects in the scene. In this essay, we will delve into the underlying principles of kinetic illusions and explore how they are used in various applications, including entertainment and scientific research.Kinetic illusions rely on the persistence of vision. When we view a series of images in rapid succession, our brain retains the previous image for a short period of time. This is known as the phi phenomenon. By repeatedly presenting slightly different images at a specific rate,the brain creates the illusion of continuous movement between the images.There are several techniques used to create kinetic illusions. One common method is called "stroboscopic motion." In this technique, a series of images are projected onto a screen, with each image representing a slightly different stage of the desired motion. The images are projected at a specific rate, causing the brain to interpolate the missing frames and perceive the continuous motion.Another technique is called "motion parallax." This illusion takes advantage of the brain's ability to perceive depth. By creating a series of images that simulate the movement of an object in three-dimensional space, the brain can interpret the images as a moving object.Kinetic illusions have a wide range of applications in entertainment and research. In animation, kinetic illusions are used to create the illusion of movement in cartoons, movies, and video games. In scientific research, kinetic illusions are used to study human perception, visual processing, and the neural mechanisms underlying motionperception.中文回答：似动现象，又称视动假象，是指大脑将一系列静止的图像解释为一个运动图像，从而产生运动的感知。

特效的操作方法有哪些英文

特效的操作方法有哪些英文The methods for special effects operation are as follows:1. Chroma keying: This technique involves replacing a specific color (usually green or blue) in a video or image with another image or background. It is commonly used to create composite shots.2. Motion tracking: This technique tracks the movement of an object or person in a video and applies special effects or 3D elements to it. Motion tracking can be used for adding objects that appear to be interacting with the footage.3. Masking: Masking is the process of selectively hiding or revealing parts of an image or video. This technique is often used to isolate specific areas of the footage to apply effects, such as blurring or color correction.4. Rotoscoping: Rotoscoping is the process of manually tracing over a moving object in a video frame by frame. It is used to create complex composites or apply effects to specific areas of the footage.5. Particles: Particle effects involve the simulation of small particles, such as smoke or fire, in a video or image. They can be used to create realisticenvironmental effects or add visual embellishments to a scene.6. 3D modeling and rendering: 3D modeling refers to creatingthree-dimensional virtual objects or characters, while rendering involves generating the final image or animation from the 3D model. These techniques are commonly used in creating visual effects for films, TV shows, or video games.7. Simulation and dynamics: Simulation and dynamics involve the creation of realistic physics-based effects, such as explosions, cloth simulation, or fluid dynamics. These techniques are often used to create realistic and visually appealing special effects.8. Compositing: Compositing refers to combining multiple visual elements, such as footage, images, and effects, to create a final image or video. This technique is commonly used in creating complex visual effects shots.9. Lighting and shading: Proper lighting and shading techniques are crucial for achieving realistic and visually appealing special effects. This involves setting up virtual light sources, adjusting their intensity, and applying shader materials to objects.10. Post-processing: Post-processing techniques involve applying various filters, color grading, or other adjustments to enhance the final image or video. These techniques can greatly enhance the overall visual quality of special effects shots.。

尼康3D扫描仪ModelMaker H120产品介绍说明书

Premium portable metrologyModelMakerHandheld scannersMCAxArticulated armsNIKON METROLOGY I VISION BEYOND PRECISIONUltra-fast high-definition3D scanning MODELMAKER H120More than two decades since theinception of the ModelMaker productline, the cutting-edge ModelMakerH120 firmly pushes the ever-exactingboundaries of handheld laser scanning.Incorporating blue laser technology,ultra-fast frame rate, speciallydeveloped Nikon optics and the abilityto measure the most challengingmaterials this represents the nextgeneration of portable laser scanning.The H120 makes no compromisesin addressing the market needsby efficiently deliveringthe most detailedand accurate datain a fraction of thetime of competingtechnologies.UNCOMPROMISING PERFORMANCEBy combining a frame rate of 450 Hz, a stripe width of 120 mm and a resolution of 35 μm, users benefit from high productivity and detailed measurements with a single sensor. Without relying on interpolation techniques to artificially boost data density, the ModelMaker H120guarantees fast data collection over a large area without compromising on small details – offering great flexibility in a single solution even when cycle time is critical, no matter the type of parts measured. Furthermore, the superior accuracy of the ModelMaker H120 ensures it stands far apart from similar technology, further pushing the traditionally accepted boundaries of handheld laser scanners.MEASURE THE MOST CHALLENGING MATERIALSThe 4th generation of Nikon’s patented Enhanced Sensor Performance (ESP4) provides faster-then-ever real-time dynamic adjustment of the laser intensity for every point. Users can confidently scan across parts with strong colour transitions and varying reflectivity from any direction with no loss in scanner speed and no need for prior part preparation. ModelMaker scanners also benefit from intelligent reflection control which allows users to measure very shiny or polished materials while unwanted reflections are filtered out.IMMEDIATE PRODUCTIVITYSimple system set-up, immediate boot-up and no need for scanner warm-up combined with the structural rigidity, thermal stability and absolute encoder technology of the MCAx arms allows users to switch on and start confidently collecting accurate data straightaway.EXTREMEL Y LOW NOISE DATABy combining specially-developed Nikon optics and low-speckle blue laser technology, the ModelMaker H120 achieves super low-noisemeasurements and can cleanly resolve details such as sharp edges and even surface scratches and abrasions which other scanners simply cannot.ENHANCED USER EXPERIENCEInnovative features such as thermal compensation, an integrated locking connector, contrasting full field of view projector, excellent touch probe clearance and a compact size give the user all the feedback and assurance he needs to concentrate purely on the measurement task.Integrated lockBest in class accuracyCompact and lightweightLow noise blue laserUp to 450,000 points per secondFull FOV indicatorMODELMAKER MMDxINTUITIVE SCANNING AND INSPECTION SOFTWAREScanning technology optimized for your applicationThe ModelMaker MMDx range of handheld laser scanners is ideally suited for portable 3D inspection and reverse engineering applications. With choices of scanner models for high detail, all-round scanning or high productivity, users can select the best hardware for their needs.MMDx incorporates 3rd generation Enhanced Sensor Performance (ESP3) to scan almost any sample materials and surface finishes without user interaction.The digital camera technology offers a measuring accuracy down to 7 microns and benefits from a true non-interpolated resolution of more than a thousand points per stripe, allowing freeform surfaces and features to be scanned accurately and efficiently.Featuring high frame rates and laser stripes up to 200 mm, the MMDx range provides the ultimate in scanning productivity. The scanner’s digital cameras benefit from a true (non-interpolated) resolution of over 1000 points per stripe, providing optimum resolution for scanning freeform surfaces and features efficiently.Weighing around 400 g and featuring an angled laser plane for comfort while scanning, MMDx scanners are optimized for ergonomic use. Set-up time and portability is optimized through the use of isolated thermal zones, temperature compensation and on-board processing – which means no external controller or extraneous cabling.ModelMaker scanners and MCAx arms seamlesslyinteract with Focus software for scan and tactile probe dataacquisition and inspection processing. It is a total solution that tightlyintegrates hardware and software to guarantee smooth and error-free operation.Focus software is specifically designed to easily control data flows with minimal user interaction.Users can complete handheld data acquisition and inspection jobs in Focus without compromising performance.Alternatively, through the Nikon Metrology API, the ModelMaker scanners and MCAx arms can be used directly in many 3rd party inspection and reverse engineering software applications, including PolyWorks ®, Metrolog ® and Geomagic ®.Scan rateProductivity Resolution Accuracy H120• • • • • •• • • • • • •• • • • •• • • • •MMDx50• •• •• • • •• • • •MMDx100• •• •• •• •MMDx200• •• • • •••APPLICATIONSThe combined solution of ModelMaker scanners and MCAx arms delivers high-productivity and precise non-contact and contact metrology. Used to optimise production workflow through rapid, reliable and accurate analysis of product dimensions – both freeform and geometric – it has proven to be an invaluable tool across many industries and workplaces from the shop floor to the metrology lab.Able to robustly measure almost any material and with the flexibility to inspect parts of sizes ranging from a few millimetres to several metres and more allows the solution to span many industries including Automotive, Aerospace, Power Generation and Consumer products, and well as Universities, Research Institutes and scanning service providers – especially for components such as tools and dies, body-in-white / sheet metal parts, castings, injection moulded, soft or fragile materials and additive manufactured parts.The ModelMaker handheld laser scanners paired with MCAx portable articulated co-ordinate measuring arms and Focus software allow you to reduce measurement times by rapidly diagnosing production issues in all areas of manufacture. This enables delivery of your products faster and with greater confidence by meeting the highest quality standards.Key benefits for your application• High accuracy and fast data throughput saves time and money • Optimized for hard-to-scan surfaces• Designed for use under all shop floor or field conditions• Extreme temperature stability and zero warm-up time• Quick and easy plug-and-play setup• Enhanced ergonomics for stress-free usage• Short learning curve• Seamless transition between scanning and touch-probing • Compatible with all major brands of point cloud software Uses within your process• Fast & accurate multi-sensor 3D inspection• Part-to-CAD inspection: First article inspection against CAD model • Inspection of geometric features• Gap-and-flush inspection• Reverse engineering: from concept studio clay to class A surfaces •Digitizing for additive manufacturingMCAxAccurate and portable multi-sensor measurement• Tactile probing performance from 0.023 mm and scanning system accuracy from 0.028 mm ensures the highest standard of measurement results • Available in six lengths between 2.0 m and 4.5 m to suit small to large measurement tasks• Absolute encoder technology means no referencing or warm-up period is required• Advanced carbon fiber construction for strength and thermally stability in all environments• Automatic probe recognition and repeatable probe and scanner mounting allows immediate switching between measurement tools• The ergonomic wrist features haptic feedback whilst the arm provides audio and visual notifications • Low friction handling positions for reduced user stress and fatigue• Counterbalance for effortless control infinite rotation of all principle axes for unrestricted use • Integrated lock secures the arm easily and safely • Quickly and easily attaches to a variety of stands / tripods or vacuum mount• Supports a wide variety of fixed and touch-trigger probes in many lengths and stylus configurations • MCAx++ and MCAx+ include a certified length standard for performance verification in the field • Certified performance according to ASME B89.4.22. VDI/VDE 2617-9 certification is also availableThe MCAx Manual Coordinate measuring Arm is a precise, reliable and easy-to-use portable 7-axis measuring arm. It is the perfect partner for the ModelMaker H120 and MMDx laser scanners and Focus Handheld scanning and inspection software due to its high precision, repeatability and stability. This total solution’s accuracy, capability and portability make it feel perfectly at home in the metrology lab, on the shop floor and in-the-field.The arm can be equipped with a wide range of probing systems aside from laser scanning, such as a large choice of probes for a variety of tasks including touch-trigger measurements and continuous scanning. Its flexibility makes this measurement arm the perfect solution for the widest range of measurement tasks. The MCAx range of 7-axis articulated arms is available in six different sizes and in three accuracy levels giving users the ability to specify thebest system for their needs.Infinite joint rotationRotating gripsAbsolute encodersCarbon constructionCounterbalanceIntegrated lockMagnetic mountSPECIFICATIONSComplies with 21 CFR 1040.10 and 1040.11, Laser Notice No. 50 dated June 24, 20071 Typical values are 30% better than published values.2 L aser scanner Accuracy is determined by scanning a plane from various directions, each time using the entire scanner field of view. The result is the maximum 1σ deviation of the scan data to fitted plane features.3T he Scanning performance test indicates the performance of the laser scanner combined with a MCAx arm. The test is performed by scanning a highly accurate reference plate in 5 different orientations of the articulated arm and laser scanner. The 5 resulting point clouds are merged together and a best-fit plane is constructed through this combined point cloud. For each of the points, the deviation distance to the best-fit plane is calculated. The result of the test is the 2σ value of all of the deviations.4T he Point repeatability test (or SPAT) is the reference test to determine measurement arm repeatability with a ball probe. The probe is placed in a conical socket and points are measured from multiple approach directions and is tested different zones of the arm measurement volume. The result is the maximum of the X, Y or Z range divided by two.5T he Volumetric accuracy test most accurately represents the reasonable expectations for probing performance in practical measuring applications since it involves measuring a certified length standard many times in several locations and orientations and compares the resulting measurements to the actual length. It is the most appropriate test for determining machine accuracy and repeatability. The result is the maximum deviation of the measuring distance less the theoretical length.Probing and scanning specifications are achieved under stable environmental conditions with the MCAx arm mounted on a base plate or magnetic base. A 15 mm diameter, 50 mm long, steel ball probe connected to both probeports is used for the probing performance tests. Probing specifications are based on a subset of ASME B89.4.22:2004. Probing certification to VDI/VDE 2617-9 is also available.Working temperature Storage temperature 0 – 50˚ C -30 – 70˚ CRelative humidity Operational elevation10 – 90% non-condensing 0 – 2000 m Universal worldwide voltage CE Compliance 110 – 240 V AC (50 – 60 Hz)YesH -120_E N _0118– C o p y r i g h t N i k o n M e t r o l o g y N V 2018. A l l r i g h t s r e s e r v e d . T h e m a t e r i a l s p r e s e n t e d h e r e a r e s u m m a r y i n n a t u r e , s u b j e c t t o c h a n g e a n d i n t e n d e d f o r g e n e r a l i n f o r m a t i o n o n l y.。

各种艺术关系英文作文

各种艺术关系英文作文Title: The Interconnectedness of Various Art FormsArt has been a cornerstone of human civilization, serving as an expressive medium for the emotions, experiences, and ideas of individuals throughout history. From the cave paintings of our earliest ancestors to the digital art of contemporary times, various art forms have evolved and diversified. Yet, despite their differences, these art forms share an intricate relationship that not only shapes their development but also reflects the universality of human creativity.The interconnectedness of various art forms can be seen in their ability to inspire and influence one another. For instance, many artists draw inspiration from literature, using written works as a foundation for their visual creations. Think of the numerous film adaptations of literary classics or the illustrations that accompany poems and stories, breathing new life into words through the lens of visual art. Similarly, music has often been the muse for dance performances, with choreographers crafting movements that echo the rhythm and mood of a particular piece.Furthermore, the arts share common themes and motifs that transcend individual disciplines. The exploration of love, death, identity, and social issues can be found across painting, sculpture, poetry, drama, and film. Artists may approach these themes differently, but the essence of their message remains consistent, contributing to a collective cultural dialogue that transcends the boundaries of any single art form.Techniques and styles also cross-pollinate among the arts. For example, the use of perspective in fine arts has been adopted in photography and cinematography to create depth and realism. Similarly, the abstract expressionism pioneered in painting has found its way into modern dance and music composition, where it manifests as a breaking away from traditional structures and a focus on emotional expression.In addition, advancements in technology have facilitated new forms of artistic collaboration and integration. Digital platforms allow artists to work together remotely, blending their skills to create multimedia projects that combine sound, imagery, and motion. This technological revolution has given rise to entirely new art forms, such as video games and virtual reality experiences, which are themselves becoming recognized as legitimate artistic expressions.Finally, the education and appreciation of art often occur in interdisciplinary settings. Museums and galleries house exhibitions that feature a mix of artworks, including painting, sculpture, and installation pieces. Theater productions incorporate elements of music, dance, and visual design to create a comprehensive performance experience. Even in educational settings, students are encouraged to explore the connections between different art forms as a way to deepen their understanding and appreciation of each.In conclusion, the various art forms are not isolated entities but rather components of a vast and interconnected network of human expression. Through mutual inspiration, shared themes and techniques, and the integration of new technologies, the arts continue to evolve and enrich our cultural landscape. As we engage with them, we find ourselves not only appreciating the beauty of each individual form but also discovering the profound ways in which they speak to one another and to us.。

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1.
INTRODUCTION
Movie films are often damaged through ageing, chemical changes and abrasion by contact with mechanical parts of a film projector. The reconstruction of already damaged material and preservation of the movie heritage is an important task, but manual restoration is expensive in time and money due to the huge data volume. Therefore unsupervised processing methods for removal of frequently occurring defects are highly desirable. In this paper a method for the removal of scratches and lines is discussed. Scratches are a frequently occurring defect in old movies and are caused by careless handling of the film material, for example by contact of the film material with a mechanical part of the film projector. A part of the film surface, i.e. the emulsion, is lost and the result is a scratch often visible over a number of frames. The bright or dark characteristic of the scratch is related to the type of film material, i.e. whether it is a positive print or a negative. The analysis of film material sampled to the European standard television broadcasting norm (PAL: 768×576 pixels) has shown that the typical scratch is approximately five pixels wide. Although the width of a scratch is small, the attention of the observer is attracted by the strong discontinuity. Another type of distortion with the same characteristic for the observer’s eye are undesirable lines in copies of old movies caused by the contamination of the original film with dirt particles, e.g. hairs. Fig. 1 shows single frames out of two sequences with scratches due to abrasion of the emulsion. The problem of scratch removal has been addressed in numerous papers. Standard techniques [1], [2] are based on variations of the spatio-temporal mean and median filters restricted
INTERPOLATION OF SCRATCHES IN MOTION PICTURE FILMS
T. Bretschneider 1, C. Miller 2, O. Kao 1 Department of Computer Science, Technical University of Clausthal, Germany 2 Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering University of Canterbury, New Zealanded film frames: (a) frame with vertical scratch, (b) frame with diagonal scratch. The main problem is the reconstruction of higher frequency components. This paper proposes a scratch removal technique based on an iterative reconstruction method. To overcome the difficulty of convergence in the case of noise the incorporation of adjacent frames can drop the noise level and therefore stabilise the result. Note the need for a prior motion, zoom, and pan compensation. The example images in this paper are monochromatic. While the majority of old movie films are black-and-white, it is straightforward to apply the technique to colour films. For the multispectral case the Karhunen-Loeve transformation [7] may be used to minimise the correlation between the spectral bands. Thereby each band may be individually processed using the proposed technique. The corresponding inverse transformation produces the reconstructed multispectral film sequence.
1
ABSTRACT
Movie films are often damaged through ageing, chemical changes and contact with mechanical parts of a film projector. In this paper a method for the removal of scratches and undesirable lines in digitised film sequences is discussed. The method assumes the prior knowledge about the position and orientation of the scratches and utilises an iterative method to interpolate the affected pixels. The convergence of the algorithm is guaranteed for the noise free case and the optimal choice of the involved relaxation parameter is demonstrated. The method was validated using sampled movies and proved to be stable even in the presence of noise. Remarkable is the reconstruction result in comparison to standard interpolation techniques like cubic splines.
2.
METHOD
The idea of the presented method is similar to the GerchbergPapoulis algorithm [8], [9] which was proposed for the extrapolation of band-limited signals with a known support. The method is based on the successive imposition of the compact support constraint upon the solution in the signal domain and the imposition of the known samples in the Fourier domain. In this paper the concept of reversing the two constraints is utilised, i.e. the Fourier transform of the data is band-limited and known samples are superimposed in the signal domain. For convenience the problem is herein after treated as an one-dimensional problem of signals taken perpendicular to the main extent of the scratch. Therefore the number of missing samples in a sequence is minimised and the process stabilised.