必修一 Unit4 Earthquakes
必修一Unit4 Earthquakes重点单词短语归纳整理
①I told him how Heathcliff had trapped US，and that Cathy was probably married to Linton by now．我 judging by/from 从……上看；根据……判断
告诉他希斯克利夫是如何骗我们入了圈套，还有凯茜很可能已嫁给了林顿。
lie in ruins 成为废墟 the ruins of Yuanmingyuan 圆明园遗迹 bring sb.to ruin 使某人破产 ruin one’s hopes 使某人希望破灭 ruin oneself 自取灭亡 ruin one’s health/fame 毁坏某人的健康/名誉 辨析活用 damage/destroy/ruin/spoil 这三个词都有“损坏，破坏”之意，具体区别如下： (1)ruin 指彻底摧毁一件事物，特别是摧毁美好、珍贵的事物，并使其无法修复，其主语多为天灾人 祸等无形的力量。有时可用于借喻中，泛指一般的“弄坏了”。 He has ruined his health through drinking. 他饮酒过度，把身体搞坏了。 (2)damage 指“损坏”，表示不彻底的破坏，一般是部分性的，只是使其不能发挥正常作用，意味损
(2)celebrate 表示”庆祝，庆贺”，常指庆祝或纪念有意义的日子或时刻，可直接跟表示节日、胜利、
成功等的名词或代词作宾语。如：
①we celebrated the New Year with a big party．我们举行了一场盛大的晚会来庆祝新年。
②He held a dance party to celebrate his daughter’S birthday．他举行了一个舞会以庆祝他女儿的生日。
高中英语人教版必修一Unit4知识点汇总及强化练习
Unit 4 Earthquakes 单元要点预览I词语辨析II词性改变Ⅲ重点词汇1. burst v.&n. 爆裂, 爆发, 突然裂开[典例]1).The red balloon suddenly burst. 那个红色的气球突然爆了。
2). The police burst through the door.警察破门而入。
3). On hearing the news, Leslie burst into laughter while Tracy burst out crying.一听到这则消息，Leslie突然大笑，而Tracy则突然大哭起来。
4). A burst of hand-clapping followed the ending of the song.歌声结束后响起了一阵掌声。
[重点用法]burst into laughter = burst out laughing 突然大笑burst into tears = burst out crying 突然大哭[练习] 中译英1). 水管在寒冷的天气里常常冻裂。
______________________________________________________________________2). 太阳突然从云端里露出来。
______________________________________________________________________2. rescue n.&vt. 援救，营救[典例]1). The police came to his rescue and pulled him out of the river.警察来救他，把他从河里拉了出来。
2). The rescue team made countless rescues during the earthquake.营救队在这次地震期间进行了多数次救援。
高一英语必修一Unit--4-Earthquakes知识点
Unit 4 Earthquakes一、课文考点精解1.In the farmyards, the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat. too…to…“太…而不能…”The hat is too large to wear.It’s never too late to study.例题：He has been busy find time to answer the reader’s let ters.A so; toB so; thatC too; toD too; thatThe work calls for great care and patience. So you to do it.A can be too carefulB can’t be too carefulC can be too carelessD can’t be careful2. In the city, the water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst.Burst into tears=bust out crying突然大哭起来Burt into laughers=bust out laughing突然大笑起来Burst into the room 闯入房间The audience waited until the curtain rose and then laughter at the sight of the funny actor.A burst outB burst intoC broke intoD began with3.But the million people of the city, who thought little of these events, were asleep as usual that night.Think little of 对…评价不高；不看重The teacher thought little of your article.Think much/highly/well of 对…高度评价His film is sure to win the award because it by most people.A thinks well ofB is thought wellC is well thoughtD is thought well ofsoon.On New Year’s Eve New York City holds an outdoor which attracts a million ormore people.He shows great interest in international .4 It seemed as if the world was at an end!As if 相当于as though,常用在动词look, seem, feel等之后引导表语从句。
第一部分 必修1 Unit 4 Earthquakes
6.__s_u_f_fe_r_i_n_g__ n.苦难；痛苦→___s_u_ff_e_r_ vt.& vi.遭受；忍受； 经历→___su_f_f_e_re_r__ n.患者；受难者
7.___e_x_tr_e_m__e__ adj.极度的→___e_x_tr_e_m_e_l_y_ adv.极其；非常 8.__in_j_u_re__ vt.损害；伤害→__i_n_j_u_re_d_ adj.受伤的→___in_j_u_r_y_ n.伤害，损害；受伤 9.__s_u_r_v_iv_o_r__ n.幸存者；生还者；残存物→__s_u_r_v_iv_e_ vt.& vi. 幸存；存活下来→___su_r_v_i_v_al_ n.生存；存活；幸存 10.__d_e_s_t_ro_y__ vt.破坏；毁坏；消灭→___d_e_s_t_ro_y_e_rn.破坏者； 毁灭者→___d_es_t_ru_c_t_io_n__ n.破坏；毁灭
单句语法填空 1.(2017 年新课标Ⅱ卷·语法填空)Steam engines ___w_e_r_e_u_s_e_d (use) to pull the carriages. 2.Thousands of soldiers were sent there to rescue those __tr_a_p_p_e_d__ (trap) in the building. 3.(2018 年北京卷·阅读理解 A)One of my ankles was __in_j_u_r_ed
13.____re_s_c_u_e__ n.& vt.援救；营救→____re_s_c_u_e_r_ n.救援者 14.___t_r_ap___ vt.使陷入困境 n.陷阱；困境 15.__e_le_c_t_ri_c_it_y__ n.电；电流；电学→____e_l_e_c_tr_ic___ adj.电的； 带电的→____e_l_e_c_tr_ic_a_l__ adj.用电的；与电有关的 16.____d_is_a_s_te_r____ n.灾难；灾祸 17.___b_u_ry___ vt.埋葬；掩埋；隐藏
人教版英语必修1 Unit4 Earthquakes
Unit 4 EarthquakesI. 单元教学目标Know basic knowledge of earthquakes.Know how to protect oneself and help others in disasters.Write some passages about earthquakes.Write a newspaper outline.Learn to use the Attributive Clause.II 目标语言1. Talking about past experiencesI will never forget the day when the earthquake took place. The time was 5:15 in the afternoon and I was driving along the road.2. SequenceI asked a man standing next to me what had happened. Before he could answer, hundreds of bricks fell on him and he was killed. I thought the end of the world had come! Then I met a man who knew the way to a boat, and we ran in its direction. I saw many frightened cows rush up Market Street and drop into a great crack ground.III 词汇四会shake,well,rise,smelly,pond,pipe,burst,canal,steam,ruin,injure,destroy, brick,dam,useless,steel,shock,quake,rescue,electricity,disaster,army,or ganize,bury,coal,mine,shelter,fresh,percent,speech,judge,honor,prepare, Europe.2．认读crack, survivor, miner. 3. 词组right away, at an end, dig out, give out, thousands ofIV. 语法Ｔhe Attributive Clause (I )重点句子Farmers’ wives noticed that the well walls had deep cracks in them.It seemed that the world was at an end!Bricks covered the ground like red autumn leaves.The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.Never before in history has a city been so completely destroyed.Man himself had to make ruins of some of the city’s best buildings so that they would not be a danger to those in the streets.A list of buildings not destroyed was now only a few addresses. Amazing as it may seem, Wednesday night was a quiet night.Never in all San Francisco’s history w ere her people so kind as on that terrible night.分课时教案The first periodStep I. RevisionCheck the homework with the whole class.Step II. Warming upAsk the students to read the instructions and make sure they know what to do, and then have a discussion about the two pictures.T: Today, before we begin our reading, I’d like to ask you a question, “What is the biggest sound you have heard in your life?”S1: The sound of wind that blew in a winter night when I was very young. It sounded like a ghost who was howling. I was very frightened at that time. S2: The biggest noise was the one that I heard when my neighbor was quarrelling with his wife. Perhaps, they broke their TV set.T: That’s too terrible.S3: The noise when planes take off.S4: The sound of trains.T: Good! I agree that all of them are big sound. But did you once heard the sound that the heaven falls and the earth cracks, in Chinese it is 天崩地裂?Ss: No, we have no chance to hear that.T: If there is a sound like this, what is it?S5: When someone hears something unexpected and terrible. For example, when one of his loved families dies, he will feel this sound.T: Terrific! You are using a literary way to express the sound.S6: When an earthquake happens.T: Great! I have waited for this answer fo r a long time. Today we’ll learn something about earthquakes. I think most of us have heard of earthquakes. Can you imagine how terrible it is ?S7: The earth is shaking. All the buildings will fall down.S8: Many people will die. And perhaps many children will lose their parents.T: Yeah, earthquakes are disasters to everybody. Now look at the two pictures of Tangshan and San Francisco. Can you describe what you see in the pictures? S1: Tangshan is a beautiful city. It has beautiful gardens, broad roads and some tall buildings.S2: From the picture of San Francisco, I can see that it is a very big city. There are many tall buildings thickly standing on the earth. I think the population of the city is very large.T: Good! What will happen if there has been a big earthquake in these two cities? Work in pairs and discuss it. Then I’ll ask so me of you to show your opinion.Step III. Pre-readingThere are two questions in this part. Both are very interesting. The first one can more or less reveal the students’ values; while the second one can enlarge their imagination. No matter what their answers are, as long as they have given careful thoughts to the situations, their answers should be good. T: Now, let’s look at the pictures. What are the predictions of an earthquake?S1: Before an earthquake animals will become nervous. Cows, pigs, horses and dogs will be upset. And people can see mice running about. If the earthquake happens during winter, people can even see snakes.T: Terrific! Where did you get this knowledge?S1: From geography. I like it.T: good. Sit down please.S2: Madam, I don’t know the meaning of the picture with two women.T: It doesn’t matter. You will know it soon after reading our text. OK. Imagine there is an earthquake now, and your home is shaking, at this moment you have no time to take any other things but one, what will it be?S3: I’ll take all my money. People can’t live without money.S4: I will take as much water as possible. Because it is said that people can keep alive for nearly 7 days by drinking without any foodS5: In that case, I’d rather take some apples, so that besides drinking, I can also eat.S6: I will carry my grandma. She is my most loved person in this world. She brought me up.T: What a dutiful child you are! I’m very glad to hear that. Sit down please! It seems that all of you know what you should do during an earthquake. OK.Let’s read our text, and see what it tells us.Step IV. ReadingIn this part, teacher should ask the students to read the passage quickly for the first time to get the general idea of the passage. Ask them to pay attention to the first sentence of each paragraph. This can help them finish exercise3 in Comprehension. It is about the main idea of each paragraph. Then ask them to read the text again carefully to obtain some details. Before reading for the second time, show some questions on the screen, and let the students read the questions first. These questions can guide them to have a good understanding about the text. They can also make preparations for Exs1-2, which are about details.SkimmingT: At first I’d like to read the text quickly to get the general idea of the article. While reading, you should pay attention to the sentence of each paragraph.T: Have you got the general idea of the text?Ss: Yes.T: What is it?S1: There is no quick answer to this question. Are you suggesting us that the general idea is the mixture of the first sentences of each paragraph? T: Sure.S1:OK. That’s easy. The main idea of the passage is some signs of the earthquake, and what would happen during the quake.T: Good, sit down please. In fact, while we are answering the questions, we have involved the sequence, the functional item for this unit. (Teacher writes the word on the blackboard ) Do you understand the meaning of the word?Ss: No.T: Sequence means the order of the events. It can tell us which event happens first, and which happens later. Do you know the sequence that is used in our text?S3: Yes. At first, the text tells us something that happened before the quake, then it tells us the things that happened during the quake and at last it tells us the things that happened after the earthquake.T: Quite right! Now please look at the screen, these are the first sentences of each paragraph. Read them and think if they are the main idea of the text. If necessary, you may make some changes to make more exact.Teacher shows the screen and gives a little time to think it over. Strange things were happening in the countryside in the northeast Hebei. The disaster happened and caused a lot of loss.All hope was not lost.Careful readingT: Now, it’s time for us to read the text carefully. But before reading, you should read some questions first. These questions may help you get some information quickly and easily. Now look at the screen, and read the questions.Show on the screenWhat natural signs of a coming disaster were there?Can you think of some reasons why these signs weren’t noticed?What events probably made the disaster worse?What situations probably made the disaster worse?How were the survivors held?Step V. ExtensionShow the questions on the screen.From whose point of view are events described? How do you know?What is the mood of this passage? How is it created?Why do you think the writer chooses to express his feelings about the quake rather than simply reporting what had happened?Why is the title A NIGHT THE EARTH DIDN’T SLEEP?What does the sentence “Slowly, the city began to breathe again.” mean? Answers:He uses third-person to describe the quake. His description is very objective. For example, the second sentence in the third paragraph. The writer says: “Everywhere they looked nearly everything was destroyed.” The writer uses they instead of we.The mood is serious and a bit sad. It is created by giving details of how many people and animals were killed or injured, and how many buildings were destroyed.Although the writer was not there, he felt sad for the people of Tangshan. He knows that some personal feelings will make the reading more interesting.I think the reason is that, as usual, night is the time to sleep, and night should be safe and quiet. But that night everything changed. The writer uses A NIGHT THE EARTH DIDN’T SLEEP as a title to show how terrible and how unusual the night was.Here we can see that the writer compared the city to a person who suffered a lot in the disaster. He felt her pain, and he worried about her. So when he said that people came to help her, we can feel his feelings to the city. The city will not die, she has hope and she can recover from the pain. Step VI ComprehendingAnswers to Exx1-31. C2. E3.B4.D5.A1. The walls of the villages wells had cracks in them.2 .Roads got huge cracks3. Brick buildings were destroyed.4. The army helped the survivors.5. Shelters were put up for those with no homes.1. Strange things were happening in the countryside in northeast Hebei.. The disaster happened and caused a lot of loss.All hope was not lost.Step VII HomeworkThe second period ReadingStep I RevisionTeacher check the students’ homework by showing the answers to exercises1-2 in the Learning about language.Answers to Exercise 1.pipe 2. dam 3. shocked 4.injured 5. well 6. canal 7. ruins 8. a great number of 9. at an end 10. bury 11. rise 12.rescue 13.steamAnswers to Exercise 2.A great number of, dam, well, canals, steam, ruins injured, shocked, bury T: OK. Before we begin today’s class, please guess the meaning of these sentences.Small incidents foretell big events.2 Blessings never come in pairs and misfortunes never come singly3. Where there is life, there is hope.S1: The first sentence means people should pay attention to the small things, because these things often cause unexpected events. Just like what we have learned in the text.S2: The most important thing in the world is life. Without life, everything will lose its meaning.S3: It means everything has its two sides. Although the disaster is terrible,and we cannot avoid it, it can force us to try our best to foretell it more exactly and reduce the loss caused by the disaster.Step II. Reading, writing and speakingA thank speechThe teacher’s main task is to tell students some problems that appeared in their writings.Show the sample on the screen, and ask the students to read it, and find something that are useful.SampleGood morning, Ladies and Gentlemen. My name is Wang Wei. At first, I’d like to thank Mr. Zhang and the city of Tangshan for the honor of talking to you. I’d also like to thank each of you to come here today for this speci al occasion. Twenty-nine years ago, we experienced the terrible earthquake, which completely destroyed everything in the city. And twenty-nine years later, we get together in this beautiful park. This park makes me believe that we are indeed in the “Brave City of China”. Here I’d like to thank all of you, especially those who worked hard to save the survivors. During those days, you forgot the danger and devoted yourselves to digging out those who were trapped in ruins. Burying the dead, and building shelters and so on. I’m sure the people in Tangshan will never forget you! When I walk in the broad street, and see the new houses and offices, I can’t help expressing my thanks for those who rebuilt the city within 13 years. Also we can’t forget you. I believe our city become more beautiful in future. The spirit of its people has been and will always be strong forever! Thank you.Two minutes later.T: What do you think of the speech?S1: The speech is very fluent.S2: The writer uses many Attributive Clauses. I don’t know how to use the structure.T: It doesn’t matter. We’ll learn it next time. Now let’s go through exercise 4, it’s another writing task.A little talkA model speech has been given to the students. The students should complete the sentences after looking at the design of the new Tangshan stamps. The speeches may have many different contents. Let the students pay attention to this point: the audience is the same with the one In the last speech.T: We can see there are four stamps showing new Tangshan. Can you describe each of them with a few words?S1: Housing conditions for the first stamp.S2: Street scenery of new Tangshan for the second stamp.S3: Industry for the third one.S4: Ocean transport for the last one.An outlineShow the questions on the screen.Why is an outline important?What should an outline include?Why is a headline important?What are the steps to finish a newspaper story?What is the feature of a newspaper story?Answers:Because an outline will prepare you to write a better story.A good outline should have a headline, a list of main idea and a list of important details.A headline can tell the reader what the topic is, so it can attract the readers’ attention since the reader may not have bought the newspaper before they read the headline.First, organize the main ideas. Next, put some details into each paragraph.A newspaper story gives the most important news first and the least important news last.Teacher show more examples of some newspapers on the screen and ask the students to read them and try to find the outlines in the stories.A short storyThis integrated language activity enables students to use their imaginations and to write in a literary way. You may want to encourage students to use a literary device, such as simile, personification or metaphor.T: Now, please turn to page 62, look at the TALKING part. Read it carefully, and then tell me what the feature of this talking is.Give them two minutes to think about this question.S1: This talking needs us to imagine.S2: We should write it in a literary way.T: Good! You’ve got the point of the talking. In this task, the most important thing you should do is to make full use of your imaginations andtry to use a literary way. For example, you may use simile, personification or metaphor. Now, work in groups to write down your own short stories. Attention! The stories are about the cause of earthquakes. After you’ve finished, I’ll ask some of you to read out your work..Group OneIn the center of the earth lives an evil ghost. He usually sleeps for many years. During these years, people on the earth live a happy life. But when he wakes up, he shall howl. And then people feel an earthquake.Group TwoSome people believe that there is a magic world in the center of our earth, where lives a kind of wiser living thing. They can make UFO. When the UFO comes out to visit our world, there is an earthquake.Group ThereThere are too many people on the earth, and people are building too many buildings. Besides, they dig too man y and too deep holes. The earth can’t stand. She shakes, and an earthquake happens.Step III HomeworkWrite an outline for China DailyThe Third Period ListeningStep I Greeting and leading inT: Now, we will listen to a non-fiction article common to science textbooks. This article is on geology. It provides many facts and describes cause and effect relationships.Step II Listening (P62)T: You will listen to the tape three times. First, listen and try to get some details that Exx1-2 request. Second, listen and finish the exercises. Third, listen and check your answers.Answers to Exercise 1.The true sentences are: 4,5,6 and 7.Answers to Exercise 2Show the answers on the screenStep III Listening (P66)This listening material gives the students a chance to learn more knowledge about earthquake. The way and steps of listening are the same with the ones in Step II.Step IV Speaking taskThis part comes after the Listening. In content they have the same topic. It’s better to put them together. Also this exercise gives students practice in taking words and phrases from the reading passage and putting them into a short dialogue.T: Just now we have a listening, in which we learnt what to do during an earthquake. Now you will work in pairs to choose eight things from the list below to put into your personal earthquake bag. Remember these may be the only things you have, so make sure that you only take essential things with you. They must make you last for five daysS1: Our earthquake bag will contain the following things:bottle of water 2. fruit 3. torch light 4.blanket 5. mobile phone 6. identity card 7.scissors 8. bowl and chopsticksStep V. HomeworkPreview the USING WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS on page 63, and do Exx 1-2 on page 28 in Discovering useful structures.The Fourth period GrammarStep I RevisionTeacher shows the screenAnswers to Exercise 1As usual, shake, cracked, pipes, holes fell, disaster, trapped, hit, quakes, escape, destroyed, a great number ofAnswers to Exercise 2She was too nervous to eat anything the evening before.When the second quake was felt, people ran out of their houses right away. After that terrible disaster, 60 percent of homeless children were sent to live in other safe cities.They used candles all the time instead of electricity.A little girl was dug out of the ruins to the north of the factory.We were very proud of the soldiers who rescued the boys from the rushing water.We need to honour those who organized the rescue work.Step II Discovering useful structuresT: By now we have reviewed some useful words and sentences. Today’s another important task is to learn the Attributive Clause.There are two kinds of this clause. One is the Restrictive Attributive Clause, which modifies the noun; the other is the Non-Restrictive Clause, which gives extra information, and is written with commas.Teacher shows some sentences on the screen and asks students to translate them one by one.But the one million people of the city, who thought little of these events, went to bed as usual that night.It was heard in Beijing, which is one hundred kilometers away.A huge crack that was eight kilometers long and thirty meters wide cut across houses, roads and canals.The number of people who were killed or injured reached more than 400,000. The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed. Teacher gives more knowledge about the clause to the students.定语从句限制性定语从句大多数定语从句对所修饰词的意思加以限制,表示“……的人(或东西)”,称为限定性定语从句.如:The man who robbed him has been arrested.抢劫他的人已经被逮捕了．The girl whom I saw told me to come back today.我见到的那个姑娘叫我今天来.That’s the best hotel (that) I know.这是我所知道的最好的旅馆These are the books (which ) you ordered.这些是你订购的书这类从句多由关系（a）或关系(b)引导Everyone who (that) knew him liked him.The friend with whom I was traveling spoke French.The car which (that) I hired broke down.At the time when I saw him, he was quiet strong.That is the village where I was born.These are the reasons why we do it.在限定性定语从句中，当关系代词在从句中作宾语时，在绝大多数情况下都可以省略，特别是口语中，在被修饰的词为all, everything 等词时尤其如此．Have you got the postcard (which) I sent you?These are the things (that) you need.Anything I can do for you ?All you have to do is to fill out this form.That’s the only thing we can do now.You can take any room you like.非限定性定语从句对所修饰的词没有限定词义的作用，而是作一些补充说明，通常都有一个逗号把它和句子的其他部分分开，在译成中文时，这个从句多译成一个并列句．限定性定语从句去掉以后，句子意思常发生变化，甚至不能成立，而非限定性定语从句去掉以后对剩下部分没有太大的影响．如：Peter, who had been driving all day, suggested stopping at the next town. This house, for which he paid $150,000, is now worth $300,000.They went to the Royal Theatre, where they saw Ibsen’s Peer Gent. Sunday is a holiday, when people do not go to work.应注意的是，在这类从句中不能省略任何关系副词why和关系代词that，也不能省略任何关系副词，这类从句主要出现在书面语中．在书面语中whose有时指某样东西．如：His house, whose windows were all broken, was a depressing sight.The car, whose handbrake wasn’t very reliable, began to slide backward. It was an island, whose name I have forgotten..Exercise 1 Fill in the blanks with who, whose, which and that.The girl ( ) served in the shop were the owner’s daughters.The man ( ) I saw told me to come back today.The girl ( ) spoke is my best friend.The man with ( ) I was traveling didn’t speak English.The man ( ) I saw told me to wait.The girl ( ) I spoke to was a student.The man to ( ) I spoke was a foreigner.The man from ( ) I bought it told me to read the instructions.I know a boy ( ) father is an acrobat.He saw a house ( ) windows were all broken.All the apples ( ) fall are eaten by wild boars.Can you think of anyone ( ) could look after him?This is the best hotel ( )I know.He showed a machine ( ) parts are too small to be seen.You can take any room ( ) you like.Answers to Exercise 1who 2. whom 3.who 4. whom 5. whom 6. whom 7. whom 8.whom 9.whose 11. that 12. that 13. that 14. whose 15. thatExercise 2 Discovering useful structures (28)Answers to Exercise21. who2. that/which3. which/that4. whose5.whoseStep III Using structuresThis is advice on how to protect one’s home from an earthquake. The main purpose is to practice the Attributive Clause. This exercise is a kind of procreative activity for students, which can be done only after the students read and understand the passage. So perhaps it is difficult for some students.T: Just now we had a translation exercise and filled some b lanks. That’s the basic exercise for the Attributive Clause. Now I’ll give you 5 minutes to read A SAFE HOME , and finish the sentences below the article.Five minutes later, the teacher check the answers.Answers to Exercise 1whose pipes are not tied to the wallof the house that you want to buywho move into a new housewhich are not tied to the tables or stuck to themwho buy a house, which is built badlywhom building houses is their workStep IV HomeworkThe Fifth PeriodStep I. RevisionShow the exercise on the screen.Fill in the blank with a correct word.He made another wonderful discovery, _____ was more than we could expect.A. which I think isB. which I think it isC. which I think itD. I think which is____ I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.____ Is that the reason _____ you had a few days off?A. whyB. whoC. whatD. whereIn the dark street, there wasn’t a single person _____ she could turn for help.A. thatB. whoC. from whomD. to whomAll of the flowers now raised here have developed from those _____ in the forest.once they grew B. they grew once C. that once grew D. once grewI don’t like _____ you speak to her.the way B. the way in that C. the way which D. the way of whichThe weather turned out to be very good, _____ was more than we expected. what B. which C. that D. itHe paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows; most of _____ hadn’t been cleaned for ten years.these B. those C. that D. whichAnswers to the exerciseA 2. A 3. D. 4.C 5. A 6.B 7.DStep II. Pre-readingT: At the first period, we learned the earthquake happened in Tangshan. In that article the writer mainly described what happened during the quake. And the descriptions are objective. Now, we will read a story written by Ameri ca’s most popular writer, Jack London. In the article he expressed his own feeling about the San Francisco quake. His account of the disaster is both factual and literary. You may feel it when you are reading the article. At first I’d like to show you some background of this article. Please look at the screen and read the passage.T: Now that we have known the background of the article, and something about the writer. Let’s read the article carefully, with t hese questions on the screen. Then you can have a discussion. After that we’ll check them together.Show the questions on the screenWho is the man in the picture?What can we see from the word never in the sentence “Never before in history has a city been so completely destroyed”?How many negative words are used in the first paragraph, and what can we know from these words?What’s the feature of the sentences in the first paragraph?What’s the main idea of the second paragraph?What can we learn from the first sentence and the last sentence? Answers:Maybe he is the writer, Jack London.From the word never, we can feel that the writer was very sad.There are six words. They are never, nothing, gone, no, useless and burst. All the sentences in this paragraph are short ones.Out at sea it was calm.The two sentences give us a contrast. Although the city was destroyed, the people were not nervous or upset. They just did what they should do. Step IV Answering questionsAnswers to Exercise 1shockedLondon is both greatly surprised and frightened by what he sees, so “shocked” is a good word to describe his feelings.sadLondon knows that many families lost their loved ones and all theirpossessions.Answers to Exercise 2BBecause he is an eyewitness. He is also writing a personal report, not a history lesson.The people hurt by the quake and the things it destroyedCBStep V ListeningAnswers to Exercise 1True: 3,4 False: 1,2,5,6Answers to Exercise 2After the earthquake had happened. The last sentence gives information about the next day after theYes, the man is calm because he is writing about something a long time after it happened.The falling buildings were his biggest danger and he didn’t know when one might fall on him. He could at least see the fires and cows coming towards him.He was going to the bay to get on a boat.Answers will vary but should demonstrate an understanding of the listening text.Step VI HomeworkThe Sixth period SummaryStep I RevisionWhat have you learned in { the listening materials?{ the reading materials?{ the writing?Step II Summing upT: What did you learn in the listening materials?S1: We learned some listening steps: before listening, we should know what we’ll listen by reading the exercises first.And while listening, we should try to get the key words and details that appear in the exercises.S2: We learned the ways to talk about past experiences and also the problem of sequence, which appears in the Listening part on page 30.T: What did you learn in the reading materials?S3: We learned some basic knowledge of earthquake and how people have coped。
人教版高一英语必修一unit4知识点、练习及答案
必修1 Unit 4EarthquakesⅠ.词义搭配1．burst A．save from danger or harm2．ruin B．destruction(破坏)；extreme(极大的)damage3．shelter C．to put something under the ground，often in order to hide it4．disaster D．breaks open or apart suddenly5．even E．being safe from bad weather，danger，etc.6．rescue F．plan to catch someone7．trap G．something very bad happening8．bury H．a thing that happens【答案】1－8DBEGHAFCⅡ.短语填空right away，at an end，dig out，as usual，as if，in ruins，a (great)number of1．He didn't know how to come back home because his money was________________.2．Many buildings are ________________because of the big flood.3．Hurry up！It looks ________________it is going to rain.4．________________people are fond of music.5．On hearing the good news，he shared it with his parents________________.6．He was buried by an avalanche(雪崩)and had to ________________.【答案】 1.at an end 2.in ruins 3.as if 4.A (great) number of 5.right away 6.be dug outⅢ.句型背诵1．In the farmyard，the chickens and even the pigs were too_nervous_to_eat.农家大院里的鸡，甚至猪都因过于惶恐而不想进食。
人教版高中英语必修一课件：Unit 4 Earthquakes(共46张PPT)
The world seemed at an end. Everything was destroyed.
__T_h__o_u_s_a_n__d_s_o__f__ families were killed and many children were left without parents.
Signs before the earthquake:
The water _____ in some buildings _p_ip_e_s__ and cracked _____b_u.rst
break
Part 2 Ruins
The damages caused during the earthquake.
After the earthquake
_s_e_n__t soldiers to Tangshan to
The
army:
rescue workers;
o_r_g_a_n_i_ze_d_ teams
to
_d_i_g__o_u_t
those who were trapped and to
bury the dead.
Part 3 (Para 4)
After the earthquake
rescue
Before the earthquake
sign
During the earthquake
damage
Structure of the whole passage :
order of the passage
time order
Disaster: A big earthquake
英语必修一Unit 4 Earthquakes词汇句子解析
英语必修一Unit 4 Earthquakes词汇句子解析Unit 4 Earthquakes词汇讲解是整理的，旨在提供综合运用所需材料，希望能够帮到你!重视衔接,做好过渡高一新学期伊始!Unit 4 EarthquakesWord usage1. shake 1)v. (shook, shaken)to (cause to) move up and down or from side to side with quick short movements. 2) n. [C usually sing.] an act of shakingThe house shook when the earthquake started.Shake the bottle before taking the medicine.He came forward and shook me by the hand. =He came forward and shook hands with me.He was shaking with anger.She answered “no” with a shake of the head.2. rise 1) vi. (rose, risen) to move from a lower to a higher level or position; go up 2) n. [C (in)] an increase in quantity, price, demand etc.The sun has not yet risen.The population of the city has risen to five million.He rose and left the room.There will be a rise in unemployment next year.Theres been a sharp rise in the cost of living.2. pond n. an area of still water smaller than a lake, especially one that has been artificially madeSome cattle were drinking at the pond.There are some fish living in the pond.When an earthquake is coming, fish will jump out of ponds.3. burst 1) v. to (cause to ) break open or break apart suddenly and violently, usually as a result of pressure from within and often cause the contents to become widely scattered.2) n. an act of result of bursting; (of) a sudden short period of great activity, loud noise, strong feeling; outbreakThe balloon burst.After ten days of rain the river burst its banks.A burst of hand-clapping followed the ending of the song.4. canal n. an artificial stretch of water dug in the ground to allow ships or boats to travel alongit, or to bring water to or remove water from an areaCoal used to be sent here by canal.Canals have been built to irrigate the desert.The Panama Canal joins two oceans.5. steam n. [U] 1) water in the state gas produced by boiling2) power or effort produced by steam under pressure, and used for making things work or moveWho invented the steam engine?Steam was used to be the power of a train.There is steam bursting from that hole.6. ruin 1. n. a) [U] the cause or state of destruction and decayb) [C] a building that has been badly damaged or destroyed2. vt. a) to spoil or completely destroy a person or thingb) to cause someone to loss all their moneyThe temple has fallen into ruin.We visited the ruins of the temple.The heavy rain ruined our holiday.The hurricane ruined all the houses here.The flood ruined the crops.If I lose my lawsuit(官司), the cost will ruin me.7. injure vt. to cause physical harm to (a person or animal), especially in an accident; hurt seriously; to damageI hope I didnt injure her feelings.His back was injured.Two people were killed and seven were injured.His reputation will be badly injured by the vicious rumour.8. destroy vt. to damage sth so severely that it can not be repaired; put an end to the existence of; ruinA fire destroyed the house.What he said destroyed our last hope.All hopes of peaceful settlement were destroyed by his speech.9. brick n. [C,U] 1) a hard piece of baked clay used for building2) sth. in the shape of a brickThey used yellow bricks to build the house.The tower is made of bricks.Bricks covered the ground like red autumn leaves.10. useless adj. not of any useThis knife is so blunt. Its useless.I realized it was useless to reason with him.I was useless at maths. = My maths is very poor.11. shock 1) n. a) [C, U] a violent force from sth such as explosion,a crash or a hard blowb) [C, U] the feeling you get after sth unexpected and usually very unpleasant has suddenly happened, or you have received an unexpected piece of newsc) the poor medical condition of someone who has an accident and whose heart and lungs are not working properly2) v. to make someone feel very upset, angry, or unpleasantEarthquake shocks are often felt in Japan.The news of his death was a shock to us.The traffic accident sent him into a state of shock.They were shocked by her rudeness.We were shocked by his sudden death.12. rescue v. to save someone or sth from harm or dangerHe rescued three children from the burning building.The life boat was sent out to rescue the sailors from the sinking ship.The boy was rescued after hours at sea.13. disaster n. [C,U] a sudden event causes great loss or harmWe were all shocked by the disaster.The earthquake is one of the worst natural disasters the country has ever suffered. People began to wonder how long the disaster would last.14. organize v. to plan and arrange an event; to arrange things ina sensible orderWell organize an oral English contest.The story is very well organized.They organized the truckers into a union.15. shelter 1) n. a) [U] protection, especially from bad weather or danger b) a building that protects you from weather or danger.2) vt. to protect someone or sth from bad weather or danger;vi. to stay in a place in order to be protected from bad weather or dangerThe umbrella is a poor shelter from heavy rain.Their immediate need is for food, clothing and shelter.The wall sheltered us from the wind.She was accused of sheltering a murderer.She wad sheltered by the USA.In the rain people were sheltering in the doorways of shops.16. fresh adj. 1) new and different (only before a noun ); 2) recently picked, caught, produced and therefore in good condition (used of food);3) clean, cool and pleasantThey buy fresh meat.This kind of fish lives in fresh water.She is fresh from university.She is quite fresh to office work.17. percent n. parts for each 100The bank has increased its interest rate by one percent.Over ninety percent of the islanders here are illiterate.He spends a large percent of his income on food and drink.18. speech n. 1) [C] a formal talk to a group of listeners2) [U] the ability to speak or the act of speaking3) [U] way of speakingThe chairman made an opening speech.She is researching speech development in children.We express our thoughts by speech.By your speech I can tell youre from Hong Kong.19. judge 1) vi. vt. to decide who or what is the winner in a competition2) [vt. + that] to form or give an opinion about someone or sth after careful thoughtjudging from, judging by…3) n. a public official who has the power to decide questions brought before a court of law; a person who has the knowledge and experience to give an opinion about the value of sthYou cant judge a book by its cover.He is going to judge the first race.We must judge whether he is guilty.The prisoner was taken before the judge.He was one of the judges at the horse race.20. honour 1) n. a) [U] great respect and admirationb) [sing] sth that brings great respect and pride2) v. to show respect to sb. or to praise sb. publiclyWe fight for the honor of our country.He is an honor to our school.Children should be taught to show honor to their elders.He honors his teachers.20. prepare 1) vt. to make sth. ready for a future event or action 2) vi. to get ready to do sth.They prepared themselves for the worst.When we arrived home, mother had already prepared dinner for us.I was preparing for bed when I heard a knock at the door.Useful expressions1. right awayat once ; in no time; immediatelyI will return the book right away.I am getting in touch with him right away.We are about to start right away.2. end1) at an endfinish; overIt seems that the world was at en end.2) bring… to an end =put an end to…I wonder how I can bring the dispute to an end.=I wonder how I can put an end to the dispute.3) come to an endThe meeting came to an end at midnight.4) at the end of…At the end of the road there is a shop.5) by the end of…How many English words have you learned by the end of last term?6) in the end =at last; finallyHe will be a scientist in the end.3. dig out1) to get sth out of a place, using a spade or your hands2) to find sth you have not seen for a long time, or that is not easy to findLets dig out the roots.Why did you dig out all those old magazines?We must dig the truth out of him.1. a (good \ great \ large) number of+ n.(pl.)many; a large quantity of; a lot ofA good number of students are not interested in modern art.Ive seen the film a number of times.The Great Wall attracts a great number of foreign tourists every day.the number of…The number of private colleges has increased.= Private colleges have increased in number.5.give out1) to give sth to a number of different people, especially to give information to people2) to produce light, heat, a sound, a gas, smell etcYou have no right to give my telephone number out.Students were giving out leaflets(传单)to everyone on the street.The teacher gave out the examination papers.The radiator (散热器) is giving out a lot of heat.与give有关的常用短语还有：give away 送掉，捐赠give in 让步，屈服give off 发出(气味、光、热、声音等)，此时相当于give outgive up放弃give back 归还6.thousands of基数词+s，并不表示确切的具体数字，可以单独使用，也可以先接介词of 再接复数名词。
【人教版】高中英语必修一Unit-4单元知识点
必修一Unit4 Earthquakes1、In the city, the water pipes in some buildings crashed and burst. 城市里，一些大楼里的水管爆裂。
burst爆裂,突发The square is bursting with tourists。
广场上到处都是游客。
I felt as if my heart would burst with joy。
我觉得自己高兴得心花怒放。
The police burst through the door。
警察破门而入。
There was a burst of laughter in the next room. 隔壁房间里突然爆发出一阵笑声。
联想扩展：（1) burst in on…突然打断He burst in on our conversation. 他突然打断了我们的谈话。
(2）burst into +n。
突然…The speaker burst into angry speech. 演讲者突然讲粗话.（3) burst out + doing突然…The woman burst out crying like a child. 那个妇女突然像小孩一样哭了。
（4）burst to do sth. 迫切想做某事I am bursting to tell you the news. 我迫不及待的想告诉你这个消息。
2、But the one million people of the city，who thought little of these events, were asleep as usual that night。
但是认为这没什么的一百万城里人,那天晚上还像往常一样睡觉。
affair，event，accident，incident，matter, businessaffair 指要做的事或已经发生的事。
高中英语必修一第四单元概要
2. damage, ruin, destroy
①damage指部分“损坏”、“损害”、“破坏”或指使用价值有所降低。它可以用作动词,也可以用作名词,用作名词时常与to something连用。
如:The accident did a lot of damage to his car.
vt.毁灭；使破产
in ruins严重受损；破败不堪
suffering n.苦难；痛苦
extreme adj.极度的
injure vt.损害；伤害
△survivor n.幸存者；生还者；残存物
destroy vt.破坏；毁坏；消灭
brick n.砖；砖块
dam n.水坝；堰堤
track n.轨道；足迹；痕迹
frightening adj.令人恐惧的
congratulation n.祝贺；（复数）贺词
judge n.裁判员；法官
vt.断定；判断；判决
sincerely adv.真诚地；真挚地
express vt.表示；表达
n.快车；速递
outline n.要点；大纲；轮廓
headline n.报刊的大字标题
by the end of用于表示时间的场合到……结束的时候,用过去完成时态;
in the end意思“最后、终于
练习
The cold weather at last stopped____________ March.（at the end of）
Our hunt for a cheaper but larger house is at last ________.（at an end）
人教版高中英语必修一-Unit-4-EARTHQUAKES
A Night the Earth Didn't Sleep
It mainly talks about _a_n__e_a_rt_h_q_u_a_k_e_i_n_T_a_n_g_s_h_a_n_,_H_e_b_e_i___.
唐山抗震纪念碑广场
Skim the passage and find out the topic sentence of each paragraph.
At about
on , , some people saw
in the sky. The sound of planes could be heard outside
the city of even when no planes were in the sky. In
the city, the water pipes in some buildings cracked and
had deep cracks in them.
came out of the
cracks. In the farmyards, the chickens and even the
pigs were
. Mice ran out of the fields
places to hide. Fish out of their bowls and ponds.
Discussion:
What do you think will happen before an earthquake?
Signs before an earthquake:
1) Bright light flashes in the sky.
2) The well has deep cracks in it, and the water in it rises and falls.
人教版 高中英语 必修一 Unit 4 Earthquakes 单词课件 44PPT
Unit 4 Earthquakes
Words and Expressions
1. earthquake n. 地震；大动荡 /ˈɜːθkweɪk/ 复数 earthquakes
2. quake /kweɪk/
n. 震动；震荡 vi.震动，颤抖，哆嗦
3. right away 立刻；马上
3) frighten sb/sth off 吓走，吓跑 4) frighten sb away 吓走
frightening frightened
adj. 令人恐惧的 adj. 受恐吓的，受惊吓的
1) be frightened of (doing) sth. 害怕(做)某事
2) be frightened at/by sth. 因某事而害怕
2) There were millions of people there. 那里人山人海。
3) Two million pounds was withdrawn from the account.
两百万英镑从该账户中被提取。
11. event n. 事件; 大事; 比赛项目 /ɪˈvent/
incident:意为"事件,事变",用于表示突发事件或
22. survivor n. 幸存者；生还者
/səˈvaɪvə/ survive v.幸存
He was the only survivor of the earthquake. 他是地震唯一的幸存者
23. destroy vt. 破坏；毁坏；消灭 /dɪˈstrɔɪ/
destruction n.破坏；毁坏；消灭
The earthquake almost completely destroyed the city. 地震几乎彻底毁了这座城市。
高一英语必修一Unit4Earthquakes知识点讲解和练习
高一年级
科目
英语
任课教师
苏老师
辅导课题
Unit 4.Earthquakes
辅导目标
重点掌握定语从句——关系代词的用法；本次辅导源自的知识点分析
重点
1、只能用that不能用which引导定语从句的情况；
2、只能用which不能用that引导定语从句的情况。
难点
1、掌握与end搭配的常用短语；
2、辨析：injury，hurt，harm与wound；
（1）n.残垣断壁；废墟（名词时常用复数）
The city lay in ruins after years of bombing.
（2）v.毁灭；使破产
The hurricane ruined all the houses here.
【拓展】
be in ruins呈一片废墟fall into ruin变成废墟come to ruin毁灭，落空
That's the very point that we should pay attention to.
She is the only person that the old woman can depend on.
3、先行词是不定代词（any, all, little, everything, nothing, something, anything, nobody, everybody等）。
6、Some of therescueworkers and doctors were trapped under the ruins.
(1)n.援救，营救
The police came to his rescue and pulled him out of the river.
高中英语 book 1Unit 4 Earthquakes
unit4 Earthquakes地震_____________ 井 _____________爆裂；爆发突然破裂，爆发____________ 百万_____________ 事件；大事_____________ 仿佛．好像_____________民族.国家国民_____________运河.水道_____________表示．表达快车；速递_____________ 苦难．痛苦_____________ 极度的_____________ vt.损害.伤害 _____________ 砖.砖块_____________ 水坝．堰堤 _____________轨道.足迹.痕迹_____________ 标题;头衔.资格_____________损失损害 _____________ 使惊吓；吓唬 _____________ 受惊的.受恐吓的____________心令人恐俱的_____________ 祝贺．（复数）_____________ 无用的.无效的.无益的_____________ （使）震凉震动n休克打击 ____________ 幸存者．生还者；残存物_____________ 破坏；毁坏．消灭_____________蒸汽．水汽_____________ 污垢；泥土 _____________废墟．毁灭.毁灭.使破产_____________ 严重受损破败不堪_____________援救：营救_____________ 陷入困境n 陷阱；困境_____________电，电流；电学_____________ 灾难．灾祸_____________掘出．发现 _____________ 埋葬；掩埋．隐藏 _____________矿．矿山矿井 _____________ 矿工_____________掩蔽．掩蔽处避身处_____________ 许多．大量的_____________要点；大纲．轮廓_____________ 真诚地．真挚地_____________二．重点短语.___________________ 立刻，马上.___________________ 碰巧做某事.___________________ 与某人握手.___________________ 突然哭起来.___________________ 成为废墟.___________________ 穿过，横穿.___________________ 切断.___________________ 对…感到震惊.___________________ 救援人员.___________________ 乐意做某事.___________________ 发表演说.___________________ 根据…来判断.___________________ 做某事很荣幸.___________________纪念….___________________ 为某事向某人表达感谢.___________________ 因某事对某人心存感激.___________________ 灾区.___________________ 专心于三．重点句子1. 河北省东北部的农村不断有些怪事发生。
人教版高中英语必修1 Unit4 Earthquakes
4. No matter how merciless the earthquffection.
一方有难，八方支援。
Write a short passage.
1. 1976年7月28日，一场大地震袭击了唐山， 这次地震造成了巨大损失。 2. 描写城市和人们的遭遇； 3. 听到这个消息，你的感受； 4. 我们该如何帮助他们； 5. 总结。
What’s worse,
the suffering of the people was extreme.
people —were trapped
were injured were buried were killed
Ⅲ. Thinking
On hearing the news, what’s your feeling？
1. Unity is strength. 团结就是力量。 2. If everyone offers a little love, the
world will be a better place.
如果人人都献出一点爱，世界将变成美好的人间。
3. Many hands make light work.
·
Ⅱ.What damage did the earthquake cause?
great damage
buildings — fell down the whole city — lay in ruins
be trapped be injured be buried be killed
great damage:
A big e＿art＿hqu＿ake hit Tangshan on
July 28th, 1976.
《高中英语人教版课件：必修1Unit4Earthquakes》
地震成因
板块运动
板块碰撞或者板块内部突然释 放能量造成地震。
地下岩石结构变化
地球上的岩石一直在运动，这 些运动可以在断层或岩石结构 变化时引发地震。
人造地震
人类活动如水库建设、探矿等 都可能引起地震。
里氏震级
定义
里氏震级是衡量地震能量大 小的对数表示法。
地震响应管理是减轻地震后果的 关键。科学家专注于如何使响应 管理变得更快、更有效。
技术创新
科学技术在地震研究和应对中扮 演重要角色。近年来，新技术如 地震预警，已经得到了越来越多 的关注。
支援地震灾区的组织
1 联合国
联合国协调救灾工作，处理人道主义 援助。
2 红十字会
提供紧急援助，如救助受伤、提供药 物和安置流离失所者。
计算方法
通过地震波到达时间的差异 和距离，算出震源的位置和 球面扩展速度，然后根据震 源释放的能量计算出震级。
震级影响
每增加一级，地震的能量会 增强大约32倍。一场级别6的 地震能破坏大部分城市建筑， 造成大量人员伤亡。
、云彩和地下水位的变化
现代监测方法
2
等自然现象来判断地震是否即将发生。
3 救援队
派出救援队到地震现场，疏散被地震困住的人员。
开展地震监测，以期尽早 发现地震的迹象；建造防 护墙和机器人等通过遥远 的地洞来探索隐蔽的岩石 形态，以计算潜在的海啸。
应对地震：防灾减灾知识
家庭应急预案
事先制定详细的家庭应急预案， 包括紧急联系人的信息、密钥 存放的位置、粮食饮用水的储 备、急救工具等。
安全撤离
在地震中，要远离易破碎物品 和大树，如果室内，则躲在结 构牢固的墙壁下或桌子下。
必修一Unit4 Earthquakes
Unit 4
Earthquakes——地震
4．部分否定 All hope was not lost ______________________(不是所有的 希望都破灭了)．
栏目 导引
Unit 4
Earthquakes——地震
5．定语从句及“the＋adj.”表示集合 概念 The army organized teams to dig out who were trapped those __________________(被困的) the dead and to bury ___________ (死者)．
express 10．Mr. Wang couldn’t ____________
himself clearly when he heard the news， expression but I could tell from his ____________ that he was very upset.(express)
栏目 导引
Unit 4
Earthquakes——地震
解析：选B。考查定语从句。句意为：
我爷爷特别喜欢谈论美好的往昔，在
老年人当中，这样的情况很普遍。这
里用as引导非限制性定语从句，指代主
句内容，并在从句中作主语。
栏目 导引
Unit 4
Earthquakes——地震
考点串讲讲练互动
单词精研 1burst vt.& vi. (使)爆裂；(使)裂开；( n. 突然破裂；爆发
栏目 导引
Unit 4
Earthquakes——地震
2injure
vt. 损害；伤害
(教材P26)Twothirds of them died or were injured during the earthquake. 他们中有2/3在地震中伤亡。
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必修一Unit4 Earthquakes单词精讲：1 burst vi&n 爆裂；爆发The bag was so full that it burst open.I felt as if my heart would burst with joy.Hearing the news, all the boys burst out laughing.There was a burst of laughter in the next room.拓展：burst into 闯入；突然出现；突然…起来；突然发作burst in 闯入burst open 推开；突然打开，裂开be bursting to do 渴望，急着做（某事）at a(one) burst 一阵；一口气；一举；一下They burst out laughing 他们突然大笑起来。
They burst into laughters 他们突然爆发出笑声The police burst in and arrested the gang.警察突然闯进去逮捕了那帮人Tom is bursting to see his mother.汤姆急着要见他的妈妈。
练习：（1）On seeing Jay Chow appeared on the stage, the audience ___ cheering.A burst onB burst intoC burst inD burst out(2) ____ and water escapes from the ______A break; breakB crack; burstC burst; crackD break; burst2 ruin n废墟；遗迹；毁灭；崩溃；毁灭的原因vt &vi （使）毁灭；（使）坠落An earthquake left the whole town in ruins.那次地震过后，全城到处颓垣断壁The ruin of the house was caused by a violent tornado.一阵猛烈地旋风把房屋卷倒了We visited the ruins of the temple.我们参观了那个宇宙的遗迹。
Drink was his father’s ruin and it will be the ruin of him too.酗酒毁了他父亲，同样也毁了他！拓展：in ruins 成为废墟come/fall to ruin 毁灭‘灭亡；崩溃；破坏掉be the ruin of 成为…毁灭（坠落）的原因bring sb.to ruin 使某人失败；使倾家荡产bring ruin upon oneself 自取灭亡练习：(3) After the earthquake passed away, all the village and towns were___ . And no being was seen . A in ruin B in ruins C at ruins D for ruins(4) It was twenty years of overworking and living in stress that ___ his health.A harmedB endangeredC ruinedD failed3 injure.vt 使受伤，伤害He was slightly injured in the accident. 他在意外事故中受了轻伤Smoking will injure your health. 吸烟会损害你的健康。
拓展：injure也可以表示“损害名誉；伤害感情等”injured adj 受伤的；受委屈的injury n 伤害，损害比较：(1)injure 一般指由于意外或事故而受伤，精神上的伤害多于hurt. 如：Mary hurt herself when she fell down the stairs.(2) hurt “受伤”的一般用语，既可指肉体上的伤害，也可指精神上的伤害。
如：My leg still hurts.我的腿还在疼（3）wound 指外伤，如刀伤，枪伤，剑伤，尤指在战争中受伤。
如：The bullet wounded him in the shoulder.子弹伤了他的肩膀。
练习：(5) At least 203 miners were killed, 22____ and 13____ in a coal mine gas explosion onMonday afternoon in Fuxin.A injuring; trappingB injured; trappedC injured; trappingD injuring; trapped(6) The injured in the coal mine accident, which resulted from the poor management of ____boss ____ all got immediate treatment in hospital.A his; haveB their; hasC their; haveD his; are4 destroy vt 破坏；毁灭；消灭The heavy storms destroyed one third of our crops.All my hopes were destroyed because of my sudden illness.比较：destroy, ruin与damage(1)destroy表示在肉体上、精神上或道义上的彻底摧毁，使之无法复原，也可以表示对某物体进行完全的毁坏，(2)ruin一般指对物体或生命彻底的破坏，但往往是非暴力的，也往往指不是一次的打击结果，常指对美好的希望中的食物的破坏。
(3)damage一般指对物体或生命的局部损坏，使整体的价值或作用降低或变得无价值、无作用。
这种损伤可以是暴力的活一次性破坏的结果，也可以指非暴力的长期损害的结果。
练习：(7) On the night of August 23rd, a heavy storm hit the coastal areas, and almost all buildings in the villages were badly____. A damaged B destroyed C ruined D injured(8) Unexpected natural disasters are bringing us a great deal of __ to our buildings, possessions,even our lives every year. A damages B ruins C destruction D damage5 shock vt&vi （使）震惊；震动n 休克；打击；震惊The violence and bad language in the program shocked many of the viewers.The whole city is shocking as a result of an earthquakeThe traffic accident sent him into a state of shock.那次交通事故使他处于休克状态The news of his death was a shock to us.他的去世消息对于我们是一个打击拓展：如果shock表示“一件令人震惊的事或人”时，是可数名词。
如：His committing crimes was a great shock to us.他的犯罪令我们感到震惊。
练习：(9) ----Have you heard of the North Korea’s nuclear test?----Yes,____ news came as ____ shock to me.A the; aB the; theC a; aD a; the(10) It was a really ____ experience. Afterwards everybody was very______.A terrifying; shockingB terrified; shockingC terrifying; shockedD terrified; shocked6 bury vt 埋葬；掩埋；使沉浸；使专心Both his grandparents were buried here.He was sitting with his head buried in a bookHe walked slowly, his hands buried in his pockets.拓展：be buried alive 被活埋；隐居buried under 为…所压倒；沉浸于，忙于bury (oneself) in 埋头于；专心于练习：(11) ______ in the rumour about his private life, the actor had no choice but to commit suicide A Burying B Buried C Absorbed D Absorbing7 judge vt & vi 判断；判决；评论n 法官；（比赛等的）裁判员I can’t judge whether he is right or wrong.Don’t judge a person by his appearance.Two state-level judges will judge the CBA final.拓展：(1) judge sb./sth.by/from根据…判断某人或某事（2）judging by/from根据…判断。
该短语是固定短语，在句中作插入语。
不与逻辑主语相一致。
如：Judging from (by) his accent, he must be a southerner.练习：(12) ____ in a recent English speech contest, 25 students from Zhejiang Province were sent to Australia for a short visit.A Having judged the bestB Judging the bestC To be judged the bestD Judged the best(13) _____ from his accent, he is possibly from Korea.A judgingB To judgeC JudgedD Being judged8 honour n.[u]&[c]荣誉；光荣；尊敬；敬意vt 尊敬；给以荣誉He is honoured for his kindness and hard work among his colleagues.他因善良和勤劳而受到同事们的尊敬Would you honour us by sharing our dinner tonight? 今晚你是否肯赏脸与我们一道用餐Children should be taught to show honor to their elders.(不可数)应该教育孩子尊敬长者He is an honor to our school.(可数)他是我们学校的光荣拓展：in honor of 为了向…表示敬重；为了纪念….如：The monument is in honor of a scientist.那座纪念碑是为了纪念一位科学家而建的练习：(14) My sister was against my suggestion while my brother was____ it.A in favour ofB in memory ofC in honour ofD in search of(15) During our staying in London, we paid a visit to the hospital founded ____ the nurseFlorence Nightingale. A in case of B in honour of C in favour of D in place of9 prepare vt准备；为…做准备；训练，配备；做出，制订；配制，调制vi 预备，做好准备拓展：be(well) prepared to do sth能够并准备做某事prepare the ground(for sth)为发展某事物准备了条件prepare sb. for sth 使某人对某事物（尤指令人不愉快的）有所准备be in preparation 在准备中in preparation for…作为…的准备make preparations against 为对付（防止）…做准备make preparations for…为…做准备练习：(16) The professor walked onto the platform and seated himself in a chair,_____ for answering questions.A had preparedB being preparedC preparingD prepared短语例析：1 instead of (1) 作“代替，取代”讲的有：instead of/instead/in one’s place/in place of(2) instead of 除作“代替”讲外，还意为“而不，而没有”。