Contributing to the Future of the American Automobile Industry
英语文章
To Find Energy Sources That Are More Enviromentally FriendlyOn March 24.1989,a ship called the Exxon Valdez ran aground in Prince William Sound in Alaska.The ship was en route to Los Angeles and was carrying more than 150 million liters of crude oil Within six hours of its grounding ,more than thirty million liters were spread across many hundreds of square kilometers of water,and it would ultimately wash up along more than two thousand kilometers of shoreline.Many thousands of birds,plants ,seals, otters and other marine animals died and the oil spill made news headlines around the world.Oil was still in the environment more than ten years later,and the ecomomic impacts ran to hundreds of millions of dollars.While there were several contributing causes of the Exxon Valdez disaster, it happened for one reason: human beings use huge amounts of energy. Fossil fuels, including oil, are used to power our cars, boats and airplanes and to heat our homes and cook our food. Electricity, generated from failing water, buring coal or other sources, runs our refrigerators, computers , television sets and hundreds of other things. North Amercians are in African, uses energy, consumers, per capita, in the world but everyone, whether in North Amercian or in Africa,uses energy, and harnessing and using energy sources such as coal, oil or even falling water puts a huge strain on the environment.If we won‟t stop doing this, and even the most ardent environmentalist doesn‟t dare to even dream about that, can we find ways to use enery more efficiently, ues it without putting pollutants into the air and water and find energy sources that are more environmentally friendly? There are some encouraging signs because we are now using more solar energy and wind energy, and we are beginning to develop truly workable electric cars, but the reality is these things are having only a small effect so far. We will contribute to use fossil fuels for decades to come, and we will continue to pump poisons into our air and water. We are also learning to remediate some of the damage. We have already done because of poor environmental practices in the past.Unfortunately, all of these cost a lot of money and another reality is that, while the rich countries will spend the money, the poorer countries won‟t or, in some cases can‟t, so there is a consistant battle going on. It‟s a battle we can‟t afford to lose and some people fear we have already lost. Those who say we have already gone too far often point to global warming to prove their case and we will look at this phenomenon next month in Love Our World.PlanetHow the underwhelming Copenhagen Accord could yet turn into a useful documentFACED with the undoubled grandeur of climate change, a grand response seems in order. But, to the immediate disappointment to most of those participating and watching, the much anticipated UN climate conference held in Copenhagen in December led to no such thing.Initial ambitions for a legally binding agreement with numerical targets for big emitters hadalready been abandoned in favour of a politically binding deal in which developed and developing countries would commit themselves to numerical targets to cut emissions. In the event a few countries produced a short “accord” that sets dowm no specific limits for future emissions beyond those that its signatories volunteer and the commitments they have made so far do not look tough enough to limit the rise in temperature to above preindustrial levels, the widely accepted boundary beyond which scientists do not recommend goingHardly a grand response. Yet the Copenhagen. Accord is not the disaster that it at first appears. On two issue in particular the Copenhagen conference may yet mark the beginning of a new way forward.First, the UN‟s climate process has for more than a decade been bedeviled by a binary split between developed and developing countries. Under the Kyoto Protocol, only developed countries committed themselves to cutting emissions; developing countries made no such promises. That was the main reason why Kyoto failed, because Amercia would not accept a treaty that required nothing of countries such as china, and china insisted that the rich world should bear most of the necessary costs of constraining emissions. At Copenhagen developed countries were determined to move beyond this structure; many developing countries to hang on to it. That was the obstacle on which the conference fondered.Yet the Copenhagen Accord makes some progress towards closing this split. Developing, as well as developed. Countries signed up to it. And have agreed to an intemational role in monitioring any cuts they commit themselves to. That is a crucial concession.More than they can chewThe second reason for hope is that Copenhagen‟s failure may have encouraged the developed of political structures better suited to the challenge. Climate change is not just an unusually grand problem. It is also an unusually complex one, which crosses and confounds the boundaries that normally define our world; from farming to forestry, shipping to sovereignty, all sorts of interests are brought together in new ways that demand new actions. Trying to deal with all the sources of the many gases involved in a single set of negotiations, in a forum of 193 countries, is always s tall order.The Copenhagen Accord edges towards allowing negotiations to take place in new forums. Some of its provisions,notably on mechanisms for funding mitigation efforts in developing countries, can take effect outside the UN process. That could mark a new plurslism in climate politics, allowing coalitions of the willing to form for specific purposes –such as slowing deforestation. Or stemming emissions from shipping.There are risks to slice up the problem into smaller pieces. Bunding everything together, so that all parties need to offer some give in order to get their take, is a time-honoured format for negotiations; and stepping back form doing everything in one forum may mean doing less overall. But the world has twice, at Kyoto and at Copenhagen, tried to deal with the problem in one go, and failed. Smaller groups such as the G20 or the Major Economies Forum offer a better prospect for carbon, and in debating and approving or rejecting agreements whose details will largely be worked out elsewhere.Many problems lie ahead-and not just as a result of Copenhagen‟s failure. The main danger lies in the Amercian whether to approve or reject legislation to set up a cap-and-trade system to put a price on carbon. That will have more impact than any intemational conference, includingCopenhagen, on the future levels of greenhouse-gas emissions. But global negotiations will need to continue-and the participants need to learn ong useful lesson from Copenhagen. Climate change is too big a problem to be swallowed in a single bite. Smaller groups. Dealing with more manageable-sized chunks, have a better chanceMurdoch Attempts To Weaken GoogleRupert Murdoch‟s effort to change the economics of the internet by stopping Google linking to stories in his newspapers looks, at first glance, like an act of self-destruction. That is how News Corp‟s negotiations on a deal to favor Microsoft‟s search engine Bing instead is viewed by many rivals and technology experts.On closer inspection, however, Murdoch‟s initiative has an intriguing logic for other media groups facing the market power of Google. It may not achieve his desired result but it indicates how little he has to lose in revenur terms by experimenting.Most publishiers, including newspapers, have so far made their stories available free online. Their strategy is to make up for lost revenues from print subscriptions by gaining larger audiences online. The Guardian, for example, now reaches 30 millin unique users a month.One common strategy is to achieve higer ranking on Google and news aggregators so that people are drawn to them. This is what Jeff Jarvis,a professor at City University of New York, commends as “the link economy”.Newspapers, however, face the painful reality that, while traffic from search engines is valuable in marketing terms, it has not produced the revenue for which they hoped. Online advertising rates are fallig because of the mass of content on the web, and advertisers do not reward random clicks.Some 23 percent of traffic to the online Wall Streat Journal,Murdonch‟s flagship property, comes through Google and yet it probably brings in a few millions of dollars of advertising revenue. Murdoch, having considered this financial reality, hopes that Microsoft will offer more.His battle is part of a bigger contest over the future of newspapers online. Only The Wall Street Journal and The Finanicial Times have so far managed to charge their readers online., although The New York Times is again considering it, and The Times is in the forefront of Murdoch‟s efforts to chargeNews if far from the online form of content that draws people to use search engines, so Microsoft is in a stronger bargaining position than News Corp. Yet even Murdoch‟s rivals should welcome his attempt to shake things up.No one can predict what combination of subscription and advertising revenues will be able to attract, and how many of them will survive the digital shake-out. It is clear, however, that they can not rely on Google alone for their salvation.专家答疑解惑：Besides, a book is more portable than a computer, has a higher-resolution display, can be written on and dog-eared and is comparatively dirt cheep.Leisure educationLeisure awareness,leisure consiciousnessLeisure resourcesLeisure education can help people develop their appreciation, interests, skills, and opportunities that will enable them to enhance their leisure awareness, social interaction skills, leisure resources, and leisure activity skillsWith the enchancement of their leisure consciousness, the people have begun to choose various ways to spend their long holidays.We must make full use of public leisure resource such as open spaces, public parks, museums, art galleries, stadiums, swimming pools, cinemas and theatress.When leisure is generally mentioned, people will think of singing publicly in a karaoke bar, going on a tour, taking a saune bath and watching TV and so on. It seems that leisure is always associated with entertainment.But leisure is not just entertainment. Through leisure activities, we can improve the quality of our personal life. So we should enrich the intension and extension of our leisure time. For instance, we may act as volunteers, help the disadvantaged groups, participats in such activites as environmental protection,public welfare, community service, donation and philanthropy, take care of stray animals, plant trees, and so on.Leisure should not be limited to eating,drinking, being merry, seeking pleasure, taking tours and doing shopping.Through leisure activities, we should integrate our selfdevelopment with the social atmosphere full of warmth, friendship and mutual help through this way of acting.A special summerIt was the first summer of my four year-long university because of its significance. I didn‟t dicide to open up an English summer trianiing class due to my mother‟s encouragement. She said that I should take this opportunity to develop myself.Also I thought myself that I should do something special and meaningful to make this summer unforgettable.Then I began to take actions. Mom comanied me going to the nearest to our home to publize with exciting, and my father help me arrange the place to give a teach which we called “classroom” .Three days later, my first “teaching career”began. I could still remember how anxious I was the moment I first stood on the platform. However I could feel that I was popular with my junior graduates. The following 30 days. I taught them a lot, namely, new words, new prases, new sentences, new grammer. And I did what the best I could do. Simulataneously my students performed preety well. However, they were not in coorperetion with me every time in my class. The worst thing happened to me was that a naughty boy talked something loudly with his deskmate that had nothing to do with my teaching. It made me so angry that I called him name and dcriticized him in public. As a consequence, the boy refused to come to have class the next day. What was worse, he spred rumours saying that I had hit him in public. Apparently, I was the one whose heart hurt. Having heared some people said something not real about me and realized my changing, mom encouraged me frequently. Meanwhile I thought to myself that I was the one whoshould be apologized but not the one who should give the apology because of the saying”Deeds speak louder than words”. Not the least but the last, I overcomed this difficult obstacle.In general, the feeling of this training is nice. We have stayed together each antemeridiem for 30 days, learning, communicating, laughing, playing. In class, I taught them knowledge and helped them preview the previous ones they had learned hoping that they can remember them permanently. After class,they would tell me some funny things happened to them or they would tell some meaningful things they had done recently, like, grew a flowerpot of chrysanthemum, helped her mother sell vegetables in the market. It made all of us delighted. Somehow, it made me be easier on intimate terms with them and made them study more efficiently.“Time flys”, 30 days went extremely fast. All of us had to say googbye to each other with a pity. Although it was very laborious that my waist ached each time, I have gained a lot. As the saying goes ”No pains, no gains”. This summer is significant to me. I have learned that to be a good teacher requires a good mastery of knowledge, patience, the most essential one is responsibility. Only in this way can I approach to my dream of being an exellent teacher. I love this training, I love this summer.The last summer vacation was especially important because it was the first one in my four year-year college life. I decide to open an English summer training class due to my mother‟s encouragement. She said that I should take this opportunity to develop myself as a teacher. Also I want to do something special and meaningful to make this summer unforgettable.Then I began to take actions. Mom accompanied me around the neighborhood, promoting my training class, and my father helped me arrange a place that could be used as my classroom. Three days later, my first teaching career began. I could still remember how anxious I was the moment I first stood in front of the class. However I could feel that I was popular with my junior-high graduates. During the following 30 days, I taught them a lot , such as new words, new phrases, new sentences, and new grammar. I did my best, and my students also performed pretty well. However, they were not always in cooperation with me in my class. The worse thing happened to me was that a naughty boy talked about something loudly with his desk-mate that had nothing to do with my teaching. It made me so angry that I called his name and criticized him in public. As a consequence, the boy refused to come to class the next day. What was worse, he spread rumors saying that I had hit him in public. Apparently, I was the one whose heart hurt. Having heard the change in my mood, mom encouraging me to continue with my training class. Meanwhile I thought to myself”the naughty boy owes me an apology but not the other way around”; but soon I overcome this difficult obstacle.In general, the feeling of this training is nice. We have stayed together for 30 days, learning, communicating, laughing, and playing. In class, I taught them and helped them review previous lessons, hoping that they could learn them by heart. After class, they could tell me some funny things happened to them or they would tell me some funny things happened to them or they would tell some or they would tell some meaningful things they had done recently, like growing a flowerpot of chrysanthemum of helping their parents sell vegetables in the market. It made all of us happy, made me on more intimate terms with them, and made them study more effiently.Thirty days went by extremely fast. All of us had to say goodbye to each other. Although the teaching was hard work and gave me constant back pains, I have gained a lot, as the sayinggoes”No pains, I gain.” This summer is significant to me. I have learned that to be a good teacher requires a good mastery of knlwledge, patience, and , the most essential, a sense of responsibility. Only in this way can I realize my dream of becoming an excellent teacher. I love this training; I love this summer.判决与挣扎Chanceller: And in three days, our heroic disc jockeys become dangerous criminals Well done, Twatt. That is my kind of Christmas present.Twatt: Thank you,sir.Chanceller: Right. Pirate radio abolished. A show of hands. Now , we have to make up our minds onIn the house of Connons today, the new Marine Offenses Act was passed unanimously.From midnight on New Year‟Eve, all priate radio stations, including, of course, RadioRock, will be breaking the law. Everyone who works on them, and indeed everyonewho listen to them, will be in contravention of the new law. And risk prison sentences,both short and long.\Count: Carl. You okay ?Carl: Yeah, just…You know, a few months ago, I made a terrible mistake.Count: Really?Carl: Yeah. But I realized something. And instead of crushing the thought the moment it came I (I)let it hang on and…Now I know it to be true. And I …m afraid it‟s stuck in my headforever.Count: what was the thought?Carl: That these are the best days of our lives. It‟s a terrible thing to know, but I know it well.Yeah . Maybe you‟ll be lucky. Maybe you‟ll have better days, but I doubt it.Count: We stood on top of the mountain, compadre. It‟s a long way do-be-do-be down. The day has come. Tonight, pirate radio dies. From midnight, we are a ghost ship floatingwithout hope on cold and dark waters. You have done almighty work here. Thankyou!最后的倒数Count: I intend to broadcast from this ship 24 hours a day until the day I die. And then for a couple of days after that.Slmon: I‟m not wanting to sound rude or anything, but don‟t you think that might be an ever so slightly monotonous experience for the listener? What do you say to 12 hours each,noble sir?Count: The way I look at it, the world couldn‟t survive without my comedy, and who‟s going tohave the moral backbone or play the Seekers when the mood is right? They‟ve splitup. I intend to celebrate the back catalog.Slmon: I intend to stop you doing so. As some of you know, my wife left me after17 hours of marriage, but I survive that because I live for music. And now, with nothing else tolive to live for, I‟m willing to die for it as well. I‟ve always for news and weather.Happy to die for them, too. Especially the weather. I‟ve got nowhere else to go. So Ithink I‟ll stick around.Count: can‟t let everyone starve. Not about to go anywhere, just when I‟m in with a chance.Obviously, I‟m in. you‟re the only people in the world who like me. Thank you, ladiesand gentlemen! So faithful followers, the end is nigh. We bid you farewell withdignity and pride. We thought we‟d never die. But ,well, we can‟t fight city hall. Andso, take care, be good. Listen to the music. It‟s a good thing to do. It‟s the count,counting down and out for the count at last. Three, two. One….I hear this one all time! Let‟s cut to the chase: if you are good at English, your English is “good.”If your English has some problems then you can say that your English is “not verygood.” Saying “My English is not very well” literally means that your English abilityhas a physical illness!I once had a conversation with a student which went like this:My student: My English is not very well.Me: very good.My student: Oh, thank you!My student thought I was complimenting him!Remember, “good” is an adjective which describes how something is.Q : how are you?A: I‟m good!“well” is an adverb, which describes how somebody does something. For example, “Idrive well,” or “I don‟t speak English well.”“well,” of course, can also be an adjective, meaning …healthy.”Q: how are you?A: I‟m well.I am boringHere‟s the problem: both “boring” and “bored” are adjective, describing words. So, which to use in which situation? Let‟s make this simple: “boring” describes someone or something that is not interesting. Although it is grammatically correct. If you say “I‟m boring,”It means not an interesting person! You could say” He‟s boring!” if this person is quiet or what he talks about is uninteresting.However, to describe your or anyone else‟s feeling ,you must use the “-ed”from of the adjective. In short, someone or something that is “-ing” makes you feel “-ed.”Example: “He‟s boring…so I‟m bored”More examples:“I feel tired. This movie is so tiring!”This food is disgusting! I‟m disgusted!“I‟m so confused! This test is really confusing!I want to be a cookierI really like the Chinese language because sometimes it is very simple: if you don‟t know the word, maybe you can guess it!For example, one time I wanted to learn how to say the word”mermaid.” My friend told me it was “beautiful fish person.” So practical!Other time I guess the words for”volcano”and even “piranha”because a volcano is a fire mountain and a piranha is a fish that eats people!English can at times also be just as simple. How? Just add”-er”!Think about this:What do you use to dry your hair?A dryer.What do you use to print some documents?A printer.What do you use to grill you meat?A griller.How to prepare for college examsPassing exams is not just about intellectual process, although that can help. The key to passing exams is to prepare well and have a process that you must follow. This will help to minimize the stress that you feel, and stress is the boring that causes perfectly capable students to fall exams.Here are my top 5 dos and 5 don‟ts tips:Dos1.Do revise thoroughly in the days or weeks before exams. For most of us there in noshortcut to success in exams-success require some hard work.2.Do take time to read exam paper questions and formulate skeletal answer plans before youstart to write the answer. This will enable you to make sure that you have pickec the best questions to answer, and that you have understood the questions correctly, and that your answer will have some sort of cohesive structure. In most cases, the reason why people fail is that they have liked to be asked rather than the questional that was asked.3.Do get your time management right. If you have 2 hours and have to answer 4 questionsthat are each worth 25% of the marks, then you should only spend half an hour on each question. You might answer the first question perfectly but it‟s only ever going to be worth25% of the marks.4.Do make sure in advance that you know where the exam is taking place and how long itwill take you to get there. Again, this is all about reducing your stress. You should make sure that you get to the exam room in time, but not too early.5.Do keep things in perspective. Sure, it may be important that you pass the exam but itwon‟t be the end of the world if you fail. You can probably resit the exam, and there are plenty of people who excel without having been academically successful.Don‟t‟s1.Don‟t swot on the morning of the exam. The knowledge needs to be already there, andyou need to use the time just before the exam to calm your nerves.2.Don‟t go to your textbook immediately after the exam to tryWhy I‟m not ChineseI was talking with my grandson the other day and asked him who discovered North Amercian. His answer, as I expected, was the first people to come here were the Vikings from Norway and they were followed later by people such as Chirstopher Columbus. That‟s what I was taught in school many years ago and that‟s what is being taught in Canada today. The problem is, it‟s wrong.In China, students learn about Emperor ZHU di and how, in the year 1421, he commissioned a vast fleet of junks under the brave and skillful guidance of admirals such as zhenghe, to discover the world for China. They sailed into the unknown and were gone for more than three years but when they returned they had discovered Africa. North and South America, Australia and New Zealand, Antarctica and countless islands in both the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. They had sailed both the east and west coasts of the Americas, had perfected the ability to determine their latitude both north and south of the equator and, perhaps most brilliantly, had made maps showing their discoveries.Some 70 years later when Christopher Columbus entered the history books as the discoverer of America, he was following a map made by the Chinese. Other Europeans such as Ferdinand Magellan and James Cook, while they were brave adverturers, were also following in the wake of the early Chinese explores. So why don‟t they teach Canadian children that in school?Part of the reason is that the story of the early Chinese explorers has only recently been written. Thanks in large measure to a British researcher, Captian Gavin Menzies. The cost of the massive explorations that began in 1421 almost bankrupted China and building the ships destroyed huge areas of teak forest. In spite of the wealth of information brought back by the Chinese fleet. The bureaucracies ordered that no further exploration should take place and, to ensure this, that the records of the Chinese discoveries the destroyed. Thus, the Europeans got the credit for discovering the Americas. Most North Americans, including Canadians, trace their ancestry back to a European country and the amazing feats of the Chinese have been forgotten, at least until now Canadian schools have been slow to change but, thanks to Captain Menzies, we are learning about the first explorers and about why we should look west across the Pacific instead of eastacross the Atlantic for our history. I wonder what might happened if the bureaucracies had not ordered the records destroyed. Perhaps I would have been a Canadian born to ancestors from China. That‟s an interesting thought.。
奥巴马国会告别演讲稿英文
奥巴马国会告别演讲稿英文My fellow Americans,Tonight, I stand before you once again as the President of the United States to bid farewell to this distinguished institution that has been my home for the past eight years. As I reflect on my time here, I cannot help but feel an overwhelming sense of gratitude and humility.When I first walked through the doors of the United States Congress, I was filled with a sense of awe and wonder. The history and tradition that permeates these halls is unlike anything else in the world. It is a constant reminder of the great responsibility that comes with serving the American people.Over these past eight years, we have faced many challenges together. From the depths of the Great Recession to the threat of terrorism, we have weathered the storm and emerged stronger than ever. We have made progress in creating a more inclusive and prosperous nation, but there is still much work to be done.Throughout my time in office, I have been continually inspired by the resilience and determination of the American people. From the bravemen and women who serve in our armed forces to the unsung heroes who work tirelessly in our communities, you have shown me the true meaning of service and sacrifice.As I reflect on the progress we have made, I am reminded of the words of our Founding Fathers, who believed in the power of a government of, by, and for the people. They understood that the strength of our democracy lies in the active participation of its citizens. It is up to us to continue to fight for a more perfect union.In the face of adversity, we must remember that we are one nation, indivisible, with liberty and justice for all. We must reject the politics of division and embrace the values that have always made America great –equality, opportunity, and justice.As I prepare to pass the baton to the next President, I am confident that our nation will continue to thrive. We are a resilient people, and we will rise to any challenge that comes our way. Together, we can build a brighter future for all Americans.In closing, I want to express my deepest gratitude to the members of Congress and their staff for their tireless dedication and hard work. It isthrough your efforts that we have been able to accomplish so much over the past eight years.To the American people, thank you for the honor and privilege of serving as your President. It has truly been the greatest honor of my life. I have faith in our future and in the enduring American spirit.May God bless you all, and may God bless the United States of America. Thank you.。
奥巴马国会告别演讲稿英文
奥巴马国会告别演讲稿英文Ladies and gentlemen,。
It's been a long and eventful journey, but as my time as President comes to an end, I stand before you today to bid farewell to the United States Congress and the American people. It has been the honor of a lifetime to serve as the 44th President of this great nation, and I am grateful for the trust and support that you have given me over the past eight years.When I first took office, our country was facing one of the greatest economic crises in history. The financial system was on the brink of collapse, millions of Americans were losing their homes, and the unemployment rate was soaring. But through hard work and determination, we were able to turn the tide and set our nation on a path to recovery. Today, our economy is stronger than ever, with over 15 million new jobs created and the unemployment rate cut in half.But our accomplishments go beyond just economic recovery. We have made great strides in healthcare, with the passage of the Affordable Care Act, which has provided millions of Americans with access to affordable, quality healthcare. We have also taken significant steps in the fight against climate change, with the historic Paris Agreement and the Clean Power Plan. And we have worked tirelessly to promote equality and justice for all, regardless of race, religion, gender, or sexual orientation.Of course, our work is far from finished. There are still many challenges facing our nation, from the threat of terrorism to the need for comprehensive immigration reform. But I am confident that, with the same spirit of unity and determination that has brought us this far, we will continue to make progress and build a better future for our children and grandchildren.As I reflect on my time in office, I am reminded of the words of President Abraham Lincoln, who once said, "The best way to predict your future is to create it." Together, we have created a future that is brighter and more hopeful than ever before. And as I prepareto pass the baton to my successor, I am filled with optimism and confidence in the resilience and strength of the American people.In closing, I want to express my deepest gratitude to all of you for your support and dedication. It has been the privilege of my life to serve as your President, and I will carry the memories and lessons of these past eight years with me always. Thank you, and may God bless the United States of America.。
美国总统奥巴马第二任期就职演讲(中英文)
美国总统奥巴马当地时间1月21日在国会山发表其第二任期就职演讲。
奥巴马在演讲中追溯美国民主传统和宪法精神，通过阐述就业、医保、移民、财政、同性恋及气候变化威胁等多项议题与现实有力契合。
奥巴马强调，伟大国家的塑造必须依赖每个美国人的力量，而非少数人的成功，并强调国家团结的重要性。
奥巴马提及这代美国人从建国之父那里继承的精神还没有完成实践，现在的美国人需要继续努力，实现生存、自由与追求幸福的权利。
以下为奥巴马就职演说全文：Thank you. Thank you. Thank you so much.谢谢，非常感谢大家。
Vice President Biden, Mr. Chief Justice, Members of the United States Congress, distinguished guests, and fellow citizens:拜登副总统、首席大法官先生、国会议员们、尊敬的各位嘉宾、亲爱的公民们：Each time we gather to inaugurate a president, we bear witness to the enduring strength of our Constitution. We affirm the promise of our democracy. We recall that what binds this nation together is not the colors of our skin or the tenets of our faith or the origins of our names. What makes us exceptional -what makes us American -is our allegiance to an idea, articulated in a declaration made more than two centuries ago:每一次我们集会庆祝总统就职都是在见证美国宪法的持久力量。
美国总统奥巴马第二任期就职演说中英文全文
美国总统奥巴马当地时间1月21日在国会山发表其第二任期就职演讲。
奥巴马在演讲中追溯美国民主传统和宪法精神，通过阐述就业、医保、移民、财政、同性恋及气候变化威胁等多项议题与现实有力契合。
奥巴马强调，伟大国家的塑造必须依赖每个美国人的力量，而非少数人的成功，并强调国家团结的重要性。
奥巴马提及这代美国人从建国之父那里继承的精神还没有完成实践，现在的美国人需要继续努力，实现生存、自由与追求幸福的权利。
以下为奥巴马就职演说全文：谢谢，非常感谢大家。
拜登副总统、首席大法官先生、国会议员们、尊敬的各位嘉宾、亲爱的公民们。
MR. OBAMA: Vice President Biden, Mr. Chief Justice, Members of the United States Congress, distinguished guests, and fellow citizens:每一次我们集会庆祝总统就职都是在见证美国宪法的持久力量。
我们都是在肯定美国民主的承诺。
我们重申，将这个国家紧密联系在一起的不是我们的肤色，也不是我们信仰的教条，更不是我们名字的来源。
让我们与众不同，让我们成为美国人的是我们对于一种理念的恪守。
200多年前，这一理念在一篇宣言中被清晰阐述：Each time we gather to inaugurate [英] [iˈnɔ:ɡjureit][美] [ɪnˈɔɡjəˌret]vt.开创；创始；举行开幕典礼；举行就职典礼a president, we bear witness to the enduring strength of our Constitution. We affirm the promise of our democracy. We recall that what binds this nation together is not the colors of our skin or the tenets of our faith or the origins of our names. What makes us exceptional – what makes us American – is our allegiance to an idea, articulated in a declaration made more than two centuries ago:―我们认为下述真理是不言而喻的，人人生而平等。
奥巴马英文演讲稿
奥巴马英文演讲稿IntroductionLadies and gentlemen, esteemed guests, and fellow citizens, it is truly an honor to stand before you today. I am deeply grateful for the opportunity to share my thoughts and vision for our great nation. As the President of the United States, I am committed to working tirelessly for the betterment of our society and the world at large.Achievements and ChallengesDuring my time in office, we have achieved significant milestones. We have made tremendous progress in the areas of healthcare reform, economic recovery, and technological advancements. However, we must acknowledge the challenges that lie ahead. Climate change, income inequality, and racial injustice continue to persist. It is our duty to address these issues head-on, with determination and compassion.Climate ChangeClimate change is not a distant problem; it is happening right now. Rising global temperatures, extreme weather events, and the depletion of natural resources threaten the very fabric of our planet. We must take immediate action to combat this existential crisis. The Paris Agreement was a step in the right direction, but much more needs to be done. We need to invest in clean energy, reduce carbon emissions, and promote sustnable practices in every sector. Our children and future generations deserve a livable planet.Income InequalityThe gap between the rich and the poor has widened significantly over the years. This growing income inequality is not only morally wrong but also undermines the fabric of our society. We must work towards creating an economy that works for everyone, not just the privileged few. This means advocating for fr tax policies, rsing the minimum wage, and investing in affordable housing and education. It is only by uplifting the most vulnerable members of our society that we can truly thrive as a nation.Racial InjusticeAmerica is a diverse nation, built on the principles of equality and justice for all. However, racial injustice continues to persist in our society. Systemic racism, police brutality, and discriminatory practices have no place in our country. We must confront these issues with honesty and empathy. By reforming our criminal justice system, promoting diversity and inclusion, and fostering open dialogue, we can build a nation that lives up to its ideals.ConclusionIn conclusion, my fellow citizens, we face immense challenges, but we also have tremendous opportunities for progress and change. By harnessing the power of our collective voice and actively engaging in the democratic process, we can shape a brighter future for ourselves and for generations to come. Let us remember that change does not happen overnight; it takes persistence, resilience, and unity. Together, we can build a stronger, frer, and more prosperous nation. Thank you, and may God bless the United States of America.。
美国总统奥巴马第二任期就职演讲(中英文)
美国总统奥巴马当地时间1月21日在国会山发表其第二任期就职演讲。
奥巴马在演讲中追溯美国民主传统和宪法精神，通过阐述就业、医保、移民、财政、同性恋及气候变化威胁等多项议题与现实有力契合。
奥巴马强调，伟大国家的塑造必须依赖每个美国人的力量，而非少数人的成功，并强调国家团结的重要性。
奥巴马提及这代美国人从建国之父那里继承的精神还没有完成实践，现在的美国人需要继续努力，实现生存、自由与追求幸福的权利。
以下为奥巴马就职演说全文：Thank you. Thank you. Thank you so much.谢谢，非常感谢大家。
Vice President Biden, Mr. Chief Justice, Members of the United States Congress, distinguished guests, and fellow citizens:拜登副总统、首席大法官先生、国会议员们、尊敬的各位嘉宾、亲爱的公民们：Each time we gather to inaugurate a president, we bear witness to the enduring strength of our Constitution. We affirm the promise of our democracy. W e recall that what binds this nation together is not the colors of our skin or the tenets of our faith or the origins of our names. What makes us exceptional – what makes us American – is our allegiance to an idea, articulated in a declaration made more than two centuries ago:每一次我们集会庆祝总统就职都是在见证美国宪法的持久力量。
美国总统呼吁美国国会延长紧急失业保险法案英语演讲稿
美国总统呼吁美国国会延长紧急失业保险法案英语演讲稿本文是关于美国总统呼吁美国国会延长紧急失业保险法案英语演讲稿，仅供参考，希望对您有所帮助，感谢阅读。
Well, welcome to the White House,everybody. And that was one of the best introductions I’ve ever had. (Applause.) So we’re so proud of Kiara for the introduction and for sharing yourstory, and you’re just so poised. And Iknow Geoff Canada is just out there all excited -- (laughter) -- and proud, andI know your mom is proud. I know she is. She should be.Kiara and the rest of these youngpeople grew up in a 97-square-block section of Harlem. It’s a place where the odds used to bestacked against them every single day, even just graduating from high schoolwas a challenge. But with the help ofsome very dedicated adults and a program called the Harlem Children’s Zone,they’re right on track to go to college. Together, students, teachers, administrators, parents, community, they’rechanging the odds in this neighborhood. And that’s what we’re here to talk about today -– changing the odds forevery American child so that no matter who they are, no matter where they areborn, they have a chance to succeed in today’s economy.Now, the good news is that,thanks to the hard work and sacrifice of the American people all across thecountry over the last five years, our economy has grown stronger. Our businesses have now created more than 8million new jobs since the depths of the recession. Our manufacturing, our housing sectors arerebounding. Our energy and technologyand auto industries are booming. We’vegot to keep our economy growing. We’vegot to make sure that everybody is sharing in that growth. We’ve got to keep creating jobs, and then we’vegot to make sure that wages and benefits aresuch that families can rebuild alittle bit of security. We’ve got tomake sure this recovery, which is real, leaves nobody behind. And that’s going to be my focus throughoutthe year.This is going to be a year ofaction. That’s what the American peopleexpect, and they’re ready and willing to pitch in and help. This is not just a job for government; thisis a job for everybody.Working people are looking forthe kind of stable, secure jobs that too often went overseas in the past coupleof decades. So next week, I’ll join companies and colleges and take action toboost high-tech manufacturing -- the kind that attracts good new jobs and helpsgrow a middle class. Business owners areready to play their part to hire more workers. So this month, I’m going to host CEOs here at the White House not once,but twice: First to lay out specificsteps we can take to help more workers earn the skills that they need for today’snew jobs; second, they’re going to announce commitments that we’re making toput more of the long-term unemployed back to work.And on January 28th, in my Stateof the Union address -- which I want all the legislators here to know I’m goingto try to keep a little shorter than usual -- (laughter) -- they’re cheeringsilently -- (laughter) -- I will mobilize the country around the nationalmission of making sure our economy offers every American who works hard a fairshot at success. Anybody in this countrywho works hard should have a fair shot at success, period. It doesn’t matter where they come from, whatregion of the country, what they look like, what their last name is -- theyshould be able to succeed.And obviously we’re coming off ofa rancorous political year, but I genuinely believe that this is not a partisanissue. Because when you talk to the American people, you know that there arepeople working in soup kitchens, and people who are mentoring, and people whoare starting smallbusinesses and hiring their neighbors, and very rarely arethey checking are they Democrat or Republican. There’s a sense of neighborliness that’s inherent in the American people-- we just have to tap into that.And I’ve been very happy to seethat there are Republicans like Rand paul, who’s here today, who are ready toengage in this debate. That’s a goodthing. We’ve got Democratic andRepublican elected officials across the country who are ready to roll up theirsleeves and get to work. And this shouldbe a challenge that unites us all.I don’t care whether the ideasare Democrat or Republican. I do carethat they work. I do care that they aresubject to evaluation, and we can see if we are using tax dollars in a certainway, if we’re starting a certain program, I want to make sure that young peoplelike Kiara are actually benefiting from them.Now, it’s one thing to say weshould help more Americans get ahead, but talk is cheap. We’ve got to actually make sure that we doit. And I will work with anybody who’swilling to lay out some concrete ideas to create jobs, help more middle-classfamilies find security in today’s economy, and offer new ladders of opportunityfor folks to climb into the middle class.And, personally, I hope we startby listening to the majority of the American people and restoring theunemployment insurance for Americans who need a little help supporting theirfamilies while they look for a new job. And I’m glad the Republicans and Democrats in the Senate are workingtogether to extend that lifeline. I hopetheir colleagues in the House will join them to set this right.Today I want to talk aboutsomething very particular, a specific example of how we can make adifference. We are here with leaders whoare determined to change the odds in their communities the way these kids andtheir parents and dedicated citizens have changed the odds in Harlem. It’s now been 50years since presidentJohnson declared an unconditional War on poverty in America. And that groundbreaking effort created newavenues of opportunity for generations of Americans. It strengthened our safety net for workingfamilies and seniors, Americans with disabilities and the poor, so that when wefall -- and you never know what life brings you -- we can bounce backfaster. It made us a better country anda stronger country.In a speech 50 years ago,president Johnson talked about communities “on the outskirts ofhope where opportunitywas hard to come by.” Well, today’seconomic challenges are differentbut they’ve still resulted in communitieswhere in recent decades wrenching economic changehas made opportunity harderand harder to come by. There arecommunities where for toomany young people it feels like their future onlyextends to the next street corner or theoutskirts of town, too manycommunities where no matter how hard you work, your destinyfeels like it’salready been determined for you before you took that first step.I’m not just talking aboutpockets of poverty in our inner cities. That’s the stereotype.I’mtalking about suburban neighborhoods that have been hammered by the housingcrisis. I’mtalking about manufacturingtowns that still haven’t recovered after the local plant shut downand jobsdried up. There are islands of ruralAmerica where jobs are scarce -- they were scarceeven before the recession hit-- so that young people feel like if they want to actually succeed,they’ve gotto leave town, they’ve got to leave their communities.And I’ve seen this personallyeven before I got into politics. Infact, this is what drove meinto politics. I was just two years out of college when I first moved to the South Sideof Chicago.I was hired by a group ofchurches to help organize a community that had been devastatedwhen the localsteel plants closed their doors. And I’dwalk through neighborhoodsfilled up withboarded-up houses and crumblingschools, and single parents and dads who had nothing to dowith their kids, andkids who were hanging out on the street corners without any hope orprospectsfor the future.But these churches cametogether. And then they started workingwith other non-profits andlocal businesses. And the government -- local, state and federal -- participated. And we startedgetting some things done thatgave people hope. And that experiencetaught me thatgovernment does not have all the answers -- no amount of moneycan take the place of a lovingparent in a child’s life. But I did learn that when communities andgovernments and businessesand not-for-profits work together, we can make adifference. Kiara is proof -- all theseyoungpeople are proof we can make a difference.For the last 17 years, the HarlemChildren’s Zone -- the brainchild of Geoffrey Canada, who’shere today -- hasproven we can make a difference. And itoperated on a basic premise that eachchild will do better if all the childrenaround them are doing better. So in Harlem,staff membersgo door to door and they recruit soon-to-be parents for “BabyCollege,” preparing them forthose crucial first few months of life; makingsure that they understand how to talk to theirchild and read to their child,and sometimes working with parents to teach them how to read sothey can readto their child and give them the healthy start that they need.And then, early childhoodeducation to get kids learning at four years old. And then acharter school that help studentssucceed all the way through high school. And medical careand healthy foods that are available close tohome. And exercise. I was very pleased to hearthat -- Michellewas very pleased to hear that -- (laughter) -- that they’ve got a strong physEdprogram. And then students gettinghelp finding internships and applying to college, and anoutstanding, dedicatedstaff that tries to makesure that nobody slips through the cracks orfallsbehind.And this is an incredibleachievement, and the results have been tremendous. Today,preschool students in the HarlemChildren’s Zone are better prepared for kindergarten. Lastyear, a study found that students whowin a spot in one of the charter schools score higher onstandardized teststhan those who don’t. In a neighborhood where higher education was oncejustsomething that other people did, you’ve got hundreds of kids who’ve now gone tocollege.And Harlem is not the onlycommunity that’s found success taking on these challengestogether. In Cincinnati, a focus on education hashelped to make sure more kids are ready forkindergarten. In Nashville, they’ve redesigned high schoolsand boosted graduation rates byalmost 20 percent over the past 12 years. In Milwaukee, they’ve cut teen pregnancy inhalf.Every community is different,with different needs and different approaches. Butcommunities that are making the most progress on these issues havesome things in common.They don’t lookfor a single silver bullet; instead they bring together local governmentandnonprofits and businesses and teachers and parents around a shared goal. That’s whatGeoffrey did when he started theHarlem Children’s Zone. Government wasinvolved -- so don’tbe confused here, it has an important role to play. And already there are governmentresourcesgoing into these communities. But it’simportant that our faith institutions and ourbusinesses and the parents andthe communities themselves are involved in designing andthinking through howdo we move forward.And the second thing is they’reholding themselves accountable by delivering measurableresults. We don’t fund things, we don’t start projectsjust for the sake of starting them.They’vegot to work. If they don’t work weshould try something else. And sometimesthose of uswho caredeeply about advancing opportunity aren’t willing tosubject some of theseprograms to that test: Do they work?In my State of the Union addresslast year, I announced our commitment to identifymore communities like these-- urban, rural, tribal -- where dedicated citizens aredetermined to make adifference and turn things around. Andwe challenged them. We said ifyou candemonstrate the ability and the will to launch an all-encompassing,all-hands-on-deckapproach to reducing poverty and expanding opportunity, we’llhelp you get the resourcesto do it. We’lltake resources from some of the programs that we’re already doingandconcentrate them. We’ll make sure thatour agencies are working together more effectively.We’ll put in talent to help you plan. But we’re also going to hold you accountableand measureyour progress.。
美国总统呼吁美国国会延长紧急失业保险法案英语演讲稿_英语演讲稿_
美国总统呼吁美国国会延长紧急失业保险法案英语演讲稿Well, welcome to the White House,everybody. And that was one of the best introductions I’ve ever had. (Applause.) So we’re so proud of Kiara for the introduction and for sharing yourstory, and you’re just so poised. And Iknow Geoff Canada is just out there all excited -- (laughter) -- and proud, andI know your mom is proud. I know she is. She should be.Kiara and the rest of these youngpeople grew up in a 97-square-block section of Harlem. It’s a place where the odds used to bestacked against them every single day, even just graduating from high schoolwas a challenge. But with the help ofsome very dedicated adults and a program called the Harlem Childre n’s Zone,they’re right on track to go to college. Together, students, teachers, administrators, parents, community, they’rechanging the odds in this neighborhood. And that’s what we’re here to talk about today -–changing the odds forevery American child so that no matter who they are, no matter where they areborn, they have a chance to succeed in today’s economy.Now, the good news is that,thanks to the hard work and sacrifice of the American people all across thecountry over the last five years, our economy has grown stronger. Our businesses have now created more than 8million new jobs since the depths of the recession. Our manufacturing, our housing sectors arerebounding. Our energy and technologyand auto industries are booming. We’vegot to keep our econo my growing. We’vegot to make sure that everybody is sharing in that growth. We’ve got to keep creating jobs, and then we’vegot to make sure that wages and benefits are such that families can rebuildalittle bit of security. We’ve got tomake sure this recov ery, which is real, leaves nobody behind. And that’s going to be my focus throughoutthe year.This is going to be a year ofaction. That’s what the American peopleexpect, and they’re ready and willing to pitch in and help. This is not just a job for government; thisis a job for everybody.Working people are looking forthe kind of stable, secure jobs that too often went overseas in the past coupleof decades. So next week, I’ll join companies and colleges and take action toboost high-tech manufacturing -- the kind that attracts good new jobs and helpsgrow a middle class. Business owners areready to play their part to hire more workers. So this month, I’m going to host CEOs here at the White House not once,but twice: First to lay out specificsteps we can take to help more workers earn the skills that they need for today’snew jobs; second, they’re going to announce commitments that we’re making toput more of the long-term unemployed back to work.And on January 28th, in my Stateof the Union address -- which I want all the legislators here to know I’m goingto try to keep a little shorter than usual -- (laughter) -- they’re cheeringsilently -- (laughter) -- I will mobilize the country around the nationalmission of making sure our economy offers every American who works hard a fairshot at success. Anybody in this countrywho works hard should have a fair shot at success, period. It doesn’t matter where they come from, whatregion of the country, what they look like, what their last name is -- theyshould be able to succeed.And obviously we’re coming off ofa rancorous political year, but I genuinely believe that this is not a partisanissue. Because when you talk to the American people, you know that therearepeople working in soup kitchens, and people who are mentoring, and people whoare starting small businesses and hiring their neighbors, and very rarely arethey checking are they Democrat or Republican. There’s a sense of neighborliness that’s inherent in the American people-- we just have to tap into that.And I’ve been very happy to seethat there are Republicans like Rand Paul, who’s here today, who are ready toengage in this debate. That’s a goodthing. We’ve got Democratic andRepublican elected officials across the country who are ready to roll up theirsleeves and get to work. And this shouldbe a challenge that unites us all.I don’t care whether the ideasare Democrat or Republican.I do carethat they work. I do care that they aresubject to evaluation, and we can see if we are using tax dollars in a certainway, if we’re starting a certain program, I want to make sure that young peoplelike Kiara are actually benefiting from them.Now, it’s one thing to say weshould help more Americans get ahead, but talk is cheap. We’ve got to actually make sure that we doit. And I will wo rk with anybody who’swilling to lay out some concrete ideas to create jobs, help more middle-classfamilies find security in today’s economy, and offer new ladders of opportunityfor folks to climb into the middle class.And, personally, I hope we startby listening to the majority of the American people and restoring theunemployment insurance for Americans who need a little help supporting theirfamilies while they look for a new job. And I’m glad the Republicans and Democrats in the Senate are workingtogether to extend that lifeline. I hopetheir colleagues in the House willjoin them to set this right.Today I want to talk aboutsomething very particular, a specific example of how we can make adifference. We are here with leaders whoare determined to change the odds in their communities the way these kids andtheir parents and dedicated citizens have changed the odds in Harlem. It’s now been 50 years since PresidentJohnson declared an unconditional War on Poverty in America. And that groundbreaking effort created newavenues of opportunity for generations of Americans. It strengthened our safety net for workingfamilies and seniors, Americans with disabilities and the poor, so that when wefall -- and you never know what life brings you -- we can bounce backfaster. It made us a better country anda stronger country.In a speech 50 years ago,President Johnson talked about communities “on the outskirts ofhope where opportunitywas hard to come by.” Well, today’seconomic challenges are differentbut they’ve still resulted i n communitieswhere in recent decades wrenching economic changehas made opportunity harderand harder to come by. There arecommunities where for toomany young people it feels like their future onlyextends to the next street corner or theoutskirts of town, too manycommunities where no matter how hard you work, your destinyfeels like it’salready been determined for you before you took that first step.I’m not just talking aboutpockets of poverty in our inner cities. That’s the stereotype.I’mtalking about suburb an neighborhoods that have been hammered by the housingcrisis. I’mtalking about manufacturingtowns that still haven’t recovered after the local plant shut downand jobsdried up. There are islands of ruralAmerica where jobs are scarce -- they werescarceeven before the recession hit-- so that young people feel like if they want to actually succeed,they’ve gotto leave town, they’ve got to leave their communities.And I’ve seen this personallyeven before I got into politics. Infact, this is what drove meinto politics. I was just two years out of college when I first moved to the South Sideof Chicago.I was hired by a group ofchurches to help organize a community that had been devastatedwhen the localsteel plants closed their doors. And I’dwalk through neighborhoo ds filled up withboarded-up houses and crumblingschools, and single parents and dads who had nothing to dowith their kids, andkids who were hanging out on the street corners without any hope orprospectsfor the future.But these churches cametogether. And then they started workingwith other non-profits andlocal businesses. And the government -- local, state and federal -- participated. And we startedgetting some things done thatgave people hope. And that experiencetaught me thatgovernment does not have all the answers -- no amount of moneycan take the place of a lovingparent in a child’s life. But I did learn that when communities andgovernments and businessesand not-for-profits work together, we can make adifference. Kiara is proof -- all theseyoungpeople are proof we can make a difference.For the last 17 years, the HarlemChildren’s Zone -- the brainchild of Geoffrey Canada, who’shere today -- hasproven we can make a difference. And itoperated on a basic premise that eachchild will do better if all the childrenaround them are doing better. So in Harlem,staff membersgo door to door and they recruit soon-to-be parents for “BabyCollege,” preparing them forthose crucial first few months of life; makingsure that they understand how to talk to theirchild and read to their child,andsometimes working with parents to teach them how to read sothey can readto their child and give them the healthy start that they need.And then, early childhoodeducation to get kids learning at four years old. And then acharter school that help studentssucceed all the way through high school. And medical careand healthy foods that are available close tohome. And exercise. I was very pleased to hearthat -- Michellewas very pleased to hear that -- (laughter) -- that they’ve got a strong PhysEdprogram. And then students gettinghelp finding internships and applying to college, and anoutstanding, dedicatedstaff that tries to make sure that nobody slips through the cracks orfallsbehind.And this is an incredibleachievement, and the results have been tremendous. Today,preschool students in the HarlemChildren’s Zone are better prepared for kindergarten. Lastyear, a study found that students whowin a spot in one of the charter schools score higher onstandardized teststhan those who don’t. In a n eighborhood where higher education was oncejustsomething that other people did, you’ve got hundreds of kids who’ve now gone tocollege.And Harlem is not the onlycommunity that’s found success taking on these challengestogether. In Cincinnati, a focus on education hashelped to make sure more kids are ready forkindergarten. In Nashville, they’ve redesigned high schoolsand boosted graduation rates byalmost 20 percent over the past 12 years. In Milwaukee, they’ve cut teen pregnancy inhalf.Every community is different,with different needs and different approaches. Butcommunities that are making the mostprogress on these issues havesome things in common.They don’t lookfor a single silver bullet; instead they bring together local governmentandnonprofits and businesses and teachers and parents around a shared goal. That’s whatGeoffrey did when he started theHarlem Children’s Zone. Government wasinvolved -- so don’tbe confused here, it has an important role to play. And already there are governmentresourcesgoing into these communities. But it’simportant that our faith institutions and ourbusinesses and the parents andthe communities themselves are involved in designing andthinking through howdo we move forward.And the second thing is they’reholding themselves accoun table by delivering measurableresults. We don’t fund things, we don’t start projectsjust for the sake of starting them.They’vegot to work. If they don’t work weshould try something else. And sometimesthose of uswho care deeply about advancing opportunity a ren’t willing tosubject some of theseprograms to that test: Do they work?In my State of the Union addresslast year, I announced our commitment to identifymore communities like these-- urban, rural, tribal -- where dedicated citizens aredetermined to make adifference and turn things around. Andwe challenged them. We said ifyou candemonstrate the ability and the will to launch an all-encompassing,all-hands-on-deckapproach to reducing poverty and expanding opportunity, we’llhelp you get the resourcesto do it. We’lltake resources from some of the programs that we’re already doingandconcentrate them. We’ll make sure thatour agencies are working together more effectively.We’ll put in talent to help you plan. But we’re also going to hold you accountableand measureyour progress.。
奥巴马的大学演讲稿英文
It is an honor to stand before you today at [University Name], a place that has long been known for its commitment to excellence, its spirit of inquiry, and its dedication to making a difference in the world. I am grateful for the opportunity to share some thoughts with you, the future leaders of our nation and our world.First, let me express my deepest respect for the journey that has brought you to this campus. Each one of you has worked hard to be here, to pursue knowledge, to grow as individuals, and to prepare yourselves for the challenges that lie ahead. You have demonstrated a commitment to excellence, a willingness to embrace new ideas, and a desire to make a positive impact on the world. This is a remarkable accomplishment, and I commend you for it.Today, I want to talk about the power of education, the importance of service, and the role of each and every one of you in shaping the future of our nation and our world.The Power of EducationEducation is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world, as Nelson Mandela once said. It is not just about learning facts and figures; it is about expanding your mind, challenging your assumptions, and developing the critical thinking skills that will serve you well throughout your life.Your time at [University Name] has provided you with a foundation of knowledge and understanding that will serve as a launching pad for your future endeavors. But education is not a destination; it is a journey.It is a continuous process of learning, of growing, of adapting to change.As you move forward, remember that education is not just about what you learn in the classroom. It is also about what you learn from the world around you. Engage with diverse perspectives, listen to the voices of those who may not share your opinions, and challenge yourself to think critically about the issues that matter most to you.The Importance of ServiceService is the essence of what it means to be an American. It is the thread that binds us together, the common ground upon which we stand. Service is about giving back, about lifting up those who are less fortunate, and about making a difference in the lives of others.As you pursue your education, I encourage you to also seek out opportunities to serve. Whether it is volunteering at a local shelter, tutoring students in need, or working with organizations that fight for social justice, service can transform your life and the lives of those around you.Service is not just a one-time act; it is a way of life. It is about finding meaning in your work, about finding purpose in your actions. It is about recognizing that every small act of kindness has the potential to make a big difference.Your Role in Shaping the FutureEach and every one of you has the power to shape the future. You are the architects of your own destiny, the innovators who will solve theworld's most pressing problems, and the leaders who will inspire others to make a difference.As you graduate from [University Name], you will face a world that is both challenging and full of opportunities. The global challenges we face today – from climate change to economic inequality to political polarization – require innovative solutions and courageous leadership.You have the skills, the knowledge, and the passion to rise to these challenges. But you must also be willing to step outside your comfort zone, to take risks, and to embrace the unknown.Here are a few things to remember as you move forward:1. Stay Curious: Never stop learning. The world is constantly changing, and you must be prepared to adapt and grow with it.2. Embrace Diversity: Celebrate the diversity of thought, culture, and experience that surrounds you. It is through understanding andrespecting others that we can build a more inclusive and equitable society.3. Lead with Integrity: Always act with honesty, transparency, and a commitment to doing what is right, even when it is difficult.4. Serve Others: Remember that your greatest impact will come from the way you choose to serve others. Be a force for good in the world.5. Believe in Yourself: Trust in your abilities and your vision. You have the power to make a difference, and the world needs you to do so.In closing, I want to leave you with a quote from my former Vice President, Joe Biden: "If you believe in something, go out and fight for it. Fight for it now, fight for it always, and fight for it with allthat you have."Ladies and gentlemen, the future is in your hands. Embrace it with passion, with purpose, and with a commitment to making a difference. Thank you for the honor of being with you today. Go forth and change the world.Thank you.。
关于美国退出巴黎协定看法英语作文
关于美国退出巴黎协定看法英语作文The U.S. Leaving the Paris Climate DealHi there! My name is Jamie and I'm 10 years old. Today I want to talk to you about something really important that is happening in the world – the United States deciding to leave the Paris Climate Agreement.What is the Paris Climate Agreement? Well, it's a big deal that almost every country in the world signed in 2015 to try to fight climate change. Climate change is when the Earth's temperature gets warmer and warmer, causing all sorts of problems like rising sea levels, extreme weather, animals losing their homes, and more.The Paris Agreement set goals for countries to reduce their carbon emissions, which are gases that get trapped in the atmosphere and cause temperatures to rise. Almost 200 countries promised to take steps to cut emissions and keep global warming below 2°C (3.6°F). That might not sound like a lot, but even a couple degrees of warming can be really bad for the planet!So when President Trump announced in 2017 that the U.S. would be leaving the Paris Agreement, a lot of people were reallyupset and worried. The U.S. is one of the world's biggest polluters, so having them drop out is a huge setback in the fight against climate change.There were a few reasons given for leaving. The president said the deal was unfair to American workers and would hurt businesses by making them spend lots of money on cleaner energy. He felt other countries like China and India weren't doing enough while the U.S. had to make bigger sacrifices.But lots of experts, scientists, other world leaders, and even some big businesses disagreed! They felt leaving Paris was a terrible mistake that would damage our economy, our leadership in the world, and our planet's future.Think about it - climate change impacts everyone on Earth. Temperatures keep rising, causing ice caps to melt and sea levels to get higher and higher. That flooding could one day put lots of coastal cities underwater if we don't act! And droughts, wildfires, extreme storms - they're all getting worse with climate change too.Whole communities are already being forced to move because their homes are being destroyed. Animal species are going extinct as their habitats disappear. And it's the world's poorest people who get hit hardest, even though they've donethe least to cause climate change in the first place. It's just not fair!By leaving Paris, the U.S. was saying that short-term profits were more important than long-term safety for the planet and future generations. We were giving up our role as a global leader on one of the biggest issues facing humanity.Many U.S. states, cities and businesses said they would ignore the president and keep on reducing emissions anyway. Which is great! We're all in this together. Every little bit counts.But having the whole country on board and setting an example for the rest of the world to follow - that's what we really need. I just hope we can re-join the Paris Agreement someday soon and get back on track.At the rate things are going, by the time I'm an adult, who knows how bad climate change will be? Droughts, wildfires, floods, refugee crises from people fleeing unlivable lands - these could be constant threats we're dealing with. I don't want that kind of world for my future and my kids' future.We need to act now before it's too late. We have to put aside greed and politics and think about what's best for the entireplanet we all share. This isn't just an issue for some countries - it's a human issue that affects every single one of us.I'm just a kid, but I care a lot about the Earth and want to protect it. I recycle, I pick up litter, I nag my parents to use less plastic and unplug electronics when not in use. We all need to do our part!And world leaders - including in the U.S. - need to show they care too by re-committing to big, important efforts like the Paris Climate Agreement. Our future depends on it!What do you think about climate change and the Paris deal? I'd love to hear your thoughts! We're all in this together.。
【精品文档】美国总统呼吁美国国会延长紧急失业保险法案英语演讲稿-精选word文档 (6页)
本文部分内容来自网络整理，本司不为其真实性负责，如有异议或侵权请及时联系，本司将立即删除！== 本文为word格式，下载后可方便编辑和修改！ ==美国总统呼吁美国国会延长紧急失业保险法案英语演讲稿Well, welcome to the White House,everybody. And that was one of the best introductions I’ve ever had. (Applause.) So we’re so proud of Kiara for the introduction and for sharing yourstory, and you’re just so poised. And Iknow Geoff Canada is just out there all excited -- (laughter) -- and proud, andI know your mom is proud. I know she is. She should be.Kiara and the rest of these youngpeople grew up in a 97-square-block section of Harlem. It’s a place where the odds used to bestacked against them every single day, even just graduating from high schoolwas a challenge. But with the help ofsome very dedicated adults and a program called the Harlem Children’s Zone,they’reright on track to go to college. Together, students, teachers, administrators, parents, community, they’rechanging the odds in this neighborhood. And that’s what we’re here to talk about today -–changing the odds forevery American child so that no matter who they are, no matter where they areborn, they have a chance to succeed in today’s economy.Now, the good news is that,thanks to the hard work and sacrificeof the American people all across thecountry over the last five years, our economy has grown stronger. Our businesses have now created more than 8million new jobs since the depths of the recession. Our manufacturing, our housing sectors arerebounding. Our energy and technologyand auto industries are booming. We’vegot to keep our economy growing. We’vegot to make sure that everybody is sharing in that growth. We’ve got to keep creating jobs, and then we’vegot to make sure that wages and benefits are such that families can rebuild alittle bit of security. We’ve got tomake sure this recovery, whichis real, leaves nobody behind. And that’s going to be my focus throughoutthe year.This is going to be a year ofaction. That’s what the American peopleexpect, a nd they’re ready and willing to pitch in and help. This is not just a job for government; thisis a job for everybody.Working people are looking forthe kind of stable, secure jobsthat too often went overseas in the past coupleof decades. So next week, I’ll join companies and colleges and take action toboost high-tech manufacturing -- the kind that attracts good new jobs and helpsgrow a middle class. Business owners areready to play their part to hire more workers. So this month, I’m going to host CEOs he re at the White House not once,but twice: First to lay out specificsteps we can take to help more workers earn the skills that they need for today’snew jobs; second, they’re going to announce commitments that we’re making toput more of the long-term unemployed back to work.And on January 28th, in my Stateof the Union address -- which I want all the legislators here to know I’m goingto try to keep alittle shorter than usual -- (laughter) -- they’re cheeringsilently -- (laughter) -- I will mobilize the country around the nationalmission of making sure our economy offers every American who works hard a fairshot at success. Anybody in this countrywho works hard should have a fair shot at success, period. It doesn’t matter where they come from, whatregion of the country, what they look like, what their last name is -- theyshould be able to succeed.And obviously we’re coming off ofa rancorous political year, but I genuinely believe that this is not a partisanissue. Because when you talk to the American people, you know that there arepeople working in soup kitchens, and people who are mentoring, and people whoare starting small businesses and hiring their neighbors, and very rarely arethey checking are they Democrat or Republican. There’s a sense of neighbor liness that’s inherent in the American people-- we just have to tap into that.And I’ve been very happy to seethat there are Republicans like Rand Paul, who’s here today, who are ready toengage in this debate. That’s a goodthing. We’ve got Democratic an dRepublican elected officials across the country who are ready to roll up theirsleeves and get to work. And this shouldbe a challenge that unites us all.I don’t care whether the ideasare Democrat or Republican. I do carethat they work. I do care that they aresubject to evaluation, and we can see if we are using tax dollars in a certainway, if we’re starting a certain program, I want to make sure that young peoplelike Kiara are actually benefiting from them.Now, it’s one thing to say weshould help mo re Americans get ahead, but talk is cheap. We’ve got to actually make sure that we doit. And I will work with anybody who’swilling to lay out some concrete ideas to create jobs, help more middle-classfamilies find security in today’s economy, and offer new ladders of opportunityfor folks to climb into the middle class.And, personally, I hope we startby listening to the majority of the American people and restoring theunemployment insurance for Americans who need a little help supporting theirfamilies while they look for a new job. And I’m glad the Republicans and Democrats inthe Senate are workingtogether to extend that lifeline. I hopetheir colleagues in the House will join them to set this right.Today I want to talk aboutsomething very particular, a specific example of how we can make adifference. We are here with leaders whoare determined to change the odds in their communities the way these kids andtheir parents and dedicated citizens have changed the odds in Harlem. It’s now been 50 years since PresidentJohnson declared an unconditional War on Poverty in America. And that groundbreaking effort created newavenues of opportunity for generations of Americans. It strengthened our safety net for workingfamilies and seniors, Americans with disabilities and the poor, so that when wefall -- and you never know what life brings you -- we can bounce backfaster. It made us a better country anda stronger country.In a speech 50 years ago,President Johnson talked about communities “on the outskirts ofhope wh ere opportunitywas hard to come by.” Well, today’seconomic challenges are differentbutthey’ve still resulted in communitieswhere in recent decades wrenching economic changehas made opportunity harderand harder to come by. There arecommunities where for toomany young people it feels like their future onlyextends to the next street corner ortheoutskirts of town, too manycommunities where no matter how hardyou work, your destinyfeels like it’salready been determined for you before you took that first step.I’m not just talking aboutpockets of poverty in our inner cities. That’s the stereotype.I’mtalking about suburban neighborhoods that have been hammered by the housingcrisis. I’mtalking about manufacturingtowns that still haven’t recovered after the loca lplant shut downand jobsdried up. There are islands of ruralAmerica where jobs are scarce -- they were scarceeven before the recessionhit-- so that young people feel like if they want to actually。
20109奥巴马在联合国千年发展目标峰会的讲话双语
2010.9奥巴马在联合国千年发展目标峰会的讲话双语20XX年9月22日，美国总统奥巴马出席联合国千年发展目标峰会并发表讲话。
以下是讲话的全文：Remarks President Obama at Millennium Development Goals SummitUnited Nations Headquarters, New YorkSeptember 22, 2010美国总统奥巴马在联合国千年发展目标峰会上的讲话20XX年9月22日纽约联合国总部Good afternoon.Mr. Secretary General, fellow delegates, ladies and gentlemen.下午好。
秘书长先生，各位代表，女士们，先生们。
In the Charter of this United Nations, our countries pledged to work for “the promotion of the economic and social advancement of all peoples.”In the Universal Declaration o f Human Rights, we recognized the inherent dignity and rights of every individual, including the right to a decent standard of living.And a decade ago, at the dawn of a new millennium, we set concrete goals to free our fellow men, women and children from the injustice of extreme poverty.根据《联合国宪章》，我们各国承诺努力“促成全球人民经济及社会之进展”。
Immigrants Contributing to the American Dream
Immigrants Contributing to the AmericanDreamImmigrants have always played a significant role in shaping the American Dream. From the early settlers who arrived on the shores of the New World seekingreligious freedom to the millions of immigrants who continue to come to America in search of better opportunities, immigrants have contributed to the fabric of American society in countless ways. They bring with them diverse cultures, traditions, and perspectives that enrich the American experience and help to drive innovation and progress. One of the most significant ways in which immigrants contribute to the American Dream is through their hard work and determination. Many immigrants come to America with little more than the clothes on their backs and a dream of a better life for themselves and their families. They are willingto work long hours, often in difficult and low-paying jobs, in order to providefor their loved ones and build a better future. This work ethic and drive for success are at the heart of the American Dream, and immigrants embody these values in a powerful way. In addition to their work ethic, immigrants also bring aspirit of entrepreneurship and innovation to America. Many immigrants come to the United States with unique skills and talents that they are eager to share with the world. From starting small businesses to creating groundbreaking technologies, immigrants have made significant contributions to the American economy and have helped to drive growth and prosperity. Immigrant entrepreneurs have founded someof the most successful companies in America, creating jobs and opportunities for countless others. Furthermore, immigrants contribute to the American Dream by enriching the cultural landscape of the country. Immigrants bring with them a rich tapestry of traditions, customs, and languages that add depth and diversity to American society. They introduce new foods, music, art, and ideas that help to broaden our understanding of the world and foster a sense of unity and connection across different communities. Immigrants help to create a more vibrant andinclusive society that celebrates the beauty of diversity and promotes mutual respect and understanding. Despite the many ways in which immigrants contributeto the American Dream, they often face significant challenges and obstacles intheir pursuit of success and happiness. Many immigrants must navigate complexlegal systems, language barriers, and discrimination in order to build a better life for themselves and their families. They may face prejudice and stereotypes that limit their opportunities and hinder their ability to fully participate in American society. Despite these challenges, immigrants persevere and continue to strive for a better future, demonstrating resilience and determination in the face of adversity. In conclusion, immigrants play a vital role in contributing to the American Dream. Through their hard work, entrepreneurship, and cultural contributions, immigrants help to shape the fabric of American society and drive progress and innovation. Despite facing significant challenges, immigrants continue to embody the values of the American Dream and work tirelessly to build a better future for themselves and their families. It is essential that we recognize and celebrate the contributions of immigrants to our country and work towards creating a more inclusive and welcoming society for all who come to America in search of a better life.。
美国总统呼吁美国国会延长紧急失业保险法案英语演讲稿
美国总统呼吁美国国会延长紧急失业保险法案英语演讲稿Well, welcome to the White House,everybody. And that was one of the best introductions I’ve ever had. (Applause.) So we’re so proud of Kiara for the introduction and for sharing yourstory, and you’re just so poised. And Iknow Geoff Canada is just out there all excited -- (laughter) -- and proud, andI know your mom is proud. I know she is. She should be.Kiara and the rest of these youngpeople grew up in a 97-square-block section of Harlem. It’s a place where the odds used to bestacked against them every single day, even just graduating from high schoolwas a challenge. But with the help ofsome very dedicated adults and a program called the Harlem Children’s Zone,they’re right on track to go to college. Together, students, teachers, administrators, parents, community, they’rechanging the odds in this neighborhood. And that’s what we’re here to talk about today -–changing the odds forevery American child so that no matter who they are, no matter where they areborn, they have a chance to succeed in today’s economy.Now, the good news is that,thanks to the hard work and sacrifice ofthe American people all across thecountry over the last five years, our economy has grown stronger. Our businesses have now created more than 8million new jobs since the depths of the recession. Our manufacturing, our housing sectors arerebounding. Our energy and technologyand auto industries are booming. We’vegot to keep our economy growing. We’vegot to make sure that everybody is sharing in that growth. We’ve got to keep creating jobs, and then we’vegot to make sure that wages and benefits are such that families can rebuild alittle bit of security. We’ve got tomake sure this recovery, which is real, leaves nobody behind. And that’s going to be my focus throughoutthe year.This is going to be a year ofaction. That’s what the American peopleexpect, and they’re ready and willing to pitch in and help. This is not just a job for government; thisis a job for everybody.Working people are looking forthe kind of stable, secure jobs that too often went overseas in the past coupleof decades. So next week, I’ll join companies and colleges and take action toboost high-tech manufacturing -- the kind that attracts good new jobs and helpsgrow amiddle class. Business owners areready to play their part to hire more workers. So this month, I’m going to host CEOs here at the White House not once,but twice: First to lay out specificsteps we can take to help more workers earn the skills that they need for today’snew jobs; second, they’re going to announce commitments that we’re making toput more of the long-term unemployed back to work.And on January 28th, in my Stateof the Union address -- which I want all the legislators here to know I’m goingto try to keep a little shorter than usual -- (laughter) -- they’re cheeringsilently -- (laughter) -- I will mobilize the country around the nationalmission of making sure our economy offers every American who works hard a fairshot at success. Anybody in this countrywho works hard should have a fair shot at success, period. It doesn’t matter where they come from, whatregion of the country, what they look like, what their last name is -- theyshould be able to succeed.And obviously we’re coming off ofa rancorous political year, but I genuinely believe that this is not a partisanissue. Because when you talk to the American people, you know that there arepeople working in soupkitchens, and people who are mentoring, and people whoare starting small businesses and hiring their neighbors, and very rarely arethey checking are they Democrat or Republican. There’s a sense of neighborliness that’s inherent in the American people-- we just have to tap into that.And I’ve been very happy to seethat there are Republicans like Rand Paul, who’s here today, who are ready toengage in this debate. That’s a goodthing. We’ve got Democratic andRepublican elected officials across the country who are ready to roll up theirsleeves and get to work. And this shouldbe a challenge that unites us all.I don’t care whether the ideasare Democrat or Republican. I do carethat they work. I do care that they aresubject to evaluation, and we can see if we are using tax dollars in a certainway, if we’re starting a certain program, I want to make sure that young peoplelike Kiara are actually benefiting from them.Now, it’s one thing to say weshould help more Americans get ahead, but talk is cheap. We’ve got to actually make sure that we doit. And I will work with anybody who’swilling to lay out some concreteideas to create jobs, help more middle-classfamilies find security in today’s economy, and offer new ladders of opportunityfor folks to climb into the middle class.And, personally, I hope we startby listening to the majority of the American people and restoring theunemployment insurance for Americans who need a little help supporting theirfamilies while they look for a new job. And I’m glad the Republicans and Democrats in the Senate are workingtogether to extend that lifeline. I hopetheir colleagues in the House will join them to set this right.Today I want to talk aboutsomething very particular, a specific example of how we can make adifference. We are here with leaders whoare determined to change the odds in their communities the way these kids andtheir parents and dedicated citizens have changed the odds in Harlem. It’s now been 50 years since PresidentJohnson declared an unconditional War on Poverty in America. And that groundbreaking effort created newavenues of opportunity for generations of Americans. It strengthened our safety net for workingfamilies and seniors, Americans with disabilities and the poor, so that when wefall -- and younever know what life brings you -- we can bounce backfaster. It made us a better country anda stronger country.In a speech 50 years ago,President Johnson talked about communities “on the outskirts ofhope where opportunitywas hard to come by.”Well, today’seconomic challenges are differentbut they’ve still resulted in communitieswhere in recent decades wrenching economic changehas made opportunity harderand harder to come by. There arecommunities where for toomany young people it feels like their future onlyextends to the next street corner or theoutskirts of town, too manycommunities where no matter how hard you work, your destinyfeels like it’salready been determined for you before you took that first step.I’m not just talking aboutpockets of poverty in our inner cities. That’s the stereotype.I’mtalking about suburban neighborhoods that have been hammered by the housingcrisis. I’mtalking about manufacturingtowns that still haven’t recovered after the local plant shut downand jobsdried up. There are islands of ruralAmerica where jobs are scarce -- they were scarceeven before the recession hit-- so thatyoung people feel like if they want to actually succeed,they’ve gotto leave town, they’ve got to leave their communities.And I’ve seen this personallyeven before I got into politics. Infact, this is what drove meinto politics. I was just two years out of college when I first moved to the South Sideof Chicago.I was hired by a group ofchurches to help organize a community that had been devastatedwhen the localsteel plants closed their doors. And I’dwalk through neighborhoods filled up withboarded-up houses and crumblingschools, and single parents and dads who had nothing to dowith their kids, andkids who were hanging out on the street corners without any hope orprospectsfor the future.But these churches cametogether. And then they started workingwith other non-profits andlocal businesses. And the government -- local, state and federal -- participated. And we startedgetting some things done thatgave people hope. And that experiencetaught me thatgovernment does not have all the answers -- no amount of moneycan take the place of a lovingparent in a child’s life. But I did learn that when communities andgovernments and businessesandnot-for-profits work together, we can make adifference. Kiara is proof -- all theseyoungpeople are proof we can make a difference.For the last 17 years, the HarlemChildren’s Zone -- the brainchild of Geoffrey Canada, who’shere today -- hasproven we can make a difference. And itoperated on a basic premise that eachchild will do better if all the childrenaround them are doing better. So in Harlem,staff membersgo door to door and they recruit soon-to-be parents for “BabyCollege,”preparing them forthose crucial first few months of life; makingsure that they understand how to talk to theirchild and read to their child,and sometimes working with parents to teach them how to read sothey can readto their child and give them the healthy start that they need.And then, early childhoodeducation to get kids learning at four years old. And then acharter school that help studentssucceed all the way through high school. And medical careand healthy foods that are available close tohome. And exercise. I was very pleased to hearthat -- Michellewas very pleased to hear that -- (laughter) -- that they’ve got a strong PhysEdprogram. And then students gettinghelp findinginternships and applying to college, and anoutstanding, dedicatedstaff that tries to make sure that nobody slips through the cracks orfallsbehind.And this is an incredibleachievement, and the results have been tremendous. Today,preschool students in the HarlemChildren’s Zone are better prepared for kindergarten. Lastyear, a study found that students whowin a spot in one of the charter schools score higher onstandardized teststhan those who don’t. In a neighborhood where higher education was oncejustsomething that other people did, you’ve got hundreds of kids who’ve now gone tocollege.And Harlem is not the onlycommunity that’s found success taking on these challengestogether. In Cincinnati, a focus on education hashelped to make sure more kids are ready forkindergarten. In Nashville, they’ve redesigned high schoolsand boosted graduation rates byalmost 20 percent over the past 12 years. In Milwaukee, they’ve cut teen pregnancy inhalf.Every community is different,with different needs and different approaches. Butcommunities that are making the most progress onthese issues havesome things in common.They don’t lookfor a single silver bullet; instead they bring together local governmentandnonprofits and businesses and teachers and parents around a shared goal. That’s whatGeoffrey did when he started theHarlem Children’s Zone. Government wasinvolved -- so don’tbe confused here, it has an important role to play. And already there are governmentresourcesgoing into these communities. But it’simportant that our faith institutions and ourbusinesses and the parents andthe communities themselves are involved in designing andthinking through howdo we move forward.And the second thing is they’reholding themselves accountable by delivering measurableresults. We don’t fund things, we don’t start projectsjust for the sake of starting them.They’vegot to work. If they don’t work weshould try something else. And sometimesthose of uswho care deeply about advancing opportunity aren’t willing tosubject some of theseprograms to that test: Do they work?In my State of the Union addresslast year, I announced our commitment to identifymore communities like these-- urban, rural, tribal -- where dedicated citizens aredetermined to make adifference and turnthings around. Andwe challenged them. We said ifyou candemonstrate the ability and the will to launch an all-encompassing,all-hands-on-deckapproach to reducing poverty and expanding opportunity, we’llhelp you get the resourcesto do it. We’lltake resources from some of the programs that we’re already doingandconcentrate them. We’ll make sure thatour agencies are working together more effectively.We’ll put in talent to help you plan. But we’re also going to hold you accountableand measureyour progress.11————来源网络整理，仅供供参考。
英美概况况复习题
Chapter 1 Geography and Population1. Where are the UK and the USA respectively located?2. What are the similarities and differences in the physiographical features between the UK and the USA?3. What are the major rivers and mountains in the UK and the USA?4. What is the possible significance of the geography of the USA to the development of the economy in the country?5. Which, geography or human beings, is more important in the development of a country? Justify your point of view.6. Compare the population of the UK with that of the USA. (e.g. composition, distribution, etc.)7. Compare London with Washington D.C.8. Who were the natives in the UK and in the USA?9. What are similarities and differences of concentration of population in the UK and the USA? Chapter 2 History1. Compare the beginnings of the UK with those of the USA.2. How did the Normans establish the first House in Britain?3. Why was it important to discover America?4. How and why did the Puritans come to North America?5. How did France, Spain and England divide North America after the discovery of America?6. What were the conflicts between England and American colonists?7. What are the contents of the Magna Carta? What is its nature?8. What is the nature of the Hundred Y ears’ War? What are the consequences?9. Why could the Industrial Revolution first take place in the UK?10. How did the Wars of the Roses proceed?11. What led to the outbreak of the War of American Independence?12. What is the significance of the American Civil War?13. What are the causes of the First World War?14. What roles did the UK and the USA play in the Second World War?15. Why did the USA experience the six economic crises while the UK did not?16. What did the UK nationalization mean and why was there nationalization in the UK?17. Why was the UK no longer a world major power after the Second World War and what did the labour government try to do in order to catch up?18. What is the real problem of the Northern Ireland and what is your suggestion of solution to the problem?19. Why does the USA remain an economic power in the world?20. When and how did the Civil Rights Movement happen in the USA and what is its significance?21. Why was there a Cold War after the Second World War? What is its consequence? What lesson can we draw from it?Chapter 3 Political Systems1. What is the political system of the UK? What is the political system of the USA? Compare them.2. Comment on “She (the Queen) reigns but she does not rule.”3. Why do we say that “the members of the stronger party in the House of Commons are thereal law-makers”?4. What is the essence of the political system in both the UK and the USA?5. How does a bill become an act, or a law in the UK and in the USA?6. Why do the British value their opposition party?7. Why do the British exercise the two-party system?8. Who cannot vote in the British general election and why?9. What are the serious disadvantages in the British general election? What do you think of them?10. What are the disadvantages of the primary election in the USA?11. What is “the winner-take-all” principle?12. Compare the British party system with the American party system igogo and the principlesChapter 4 Economy and Foreign Relations1. What is the difference between the function of nationalization in the UK and the function of government support in the USA?2. Why couldn’t US economy avoid economic crises?3. What are the features of the UK economy and the features of the US economy respectively? What is the difference between them?4. Make a contrast between the agriculture in the UK and that in the USA.5. Compare the industry in the UK with that in the USA.6. What are the uses of corn in the US and why do the Americans use corn as forage as well?7. Why do the Americans have the agricultural belts?8. What are the characteristics of the British trade?9. What are the striking contrasts between trade in the UK and that in the USA?10. What is the function of the UK in the European Union?11. What is the function of the UK in the NA TO?12. Comment on the relation between the USA and Russia.13. Comment on the relation between the USA and the UK.14. Comment on the relation between the USA and the PRC.15. Why was there the Cold War?Chapter 5 Culture1. What are the problems of the British science?2. Why did the American science develop so quickly?3. What are the contributions that the UK has made in science?4. In what fields does the USA take the lead in modern sciences?5. What are the three symbols of technology?6. Compare the elementary education of the UK with that of the USA.7. Compare the secondary education of the UK with that of the USA.8. Make a contrast between the higher education in the UK and that of the USA.9. Make a contrast between the public school in the UK and the private school at the high school level in the USA.10. What does “middle school” mean to an American?11. Do you like “tutorial system” in the UK? Why or why not?12. Compare BBC with NBC.13. Make a comparison between the broadcasting system in the UK and that in the USA.14. What are the features of the British press? Why is there no censorship of the British press?15. Make a contrast between the Reuters and the Associated Press?16. Why could the USA broadcast and televise the trans-Atlantic news after 1965?17. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of television. (??? – icywarmtea)18. Why is cricket regarded as the most English of games?19. What is the British sportsmanship? How do you like it?20. Who introduced bowling into the USA? What do you think of it?21. What are the popular sports in the UK and in the USA? Compare them.22. What is an anthem? What is the difference between an anthem and a song?23. How do you like the deleted stanza in God Save the Queen? Why do you think so?24. What do you think of the rhyming in the national anthem of the USA?25. Compare the national anthem of the UK with that of the USA.26. Why do the British use Jack as part of the name of the national flag of the UK?27. Why do the Americans use stars and stripes as the symbols of the USA?Chapter 6 Social Life and Religion1. What are the shared customs in the UK and in the USA?2. What are the customs which only the USA possesses?3. What are the customs which only the UK has?4. How do yerror Royal Traditions?5. Why do the British people like to talk about the weather?6. Comment on the “Self-Made” man.7. What holidays are shared holidays both in the UK and in the USA?8. What holidays are the holidays that only the UK celebrates?9. What holidays does the USA celebrate only?10. Compare the Hyde Park in the UK with the Y ellowstone National Park in the US.11. What is the feature of Madame Tussaud’s?12. Why is the New Y ear’s Day celebration different in England and in Scotland?13. Why is it difficult and elastic to describe the social life in the UK and in the US?14. What are the five aspects in the explanation of the social life in the UK?15. What are the five aspects in the explanation of the social life in the USA? How do you like the aspects in terms of the social life in the UK and in the USA respectively?16. Why is the rate of divorce in the US high? Can you make some comments on this issue?17. How do you treat the gap between the poor and the rich?18. What are the main features of the British worship?19. Can you make a contrast between the features of American worship and those of British worship?20. What is the British worship in general?21. What is the American worship? Is there any similarity or difference between the British worship and the American worship?22. Can you say something about the problems of religion in the USA?how many metropolitan areas does England have? 英国有几个主要城市？A: seven. 七个2、what is the backbone of England? 英国的“脊柱“是什么？A: the pennines.奔宁山脉(位于英国北部) 3、from what languages is english derived? A:english is mainly derived the anglo-saxon and norman-french languages. A.英语主要起源于盎格鲁撒克逊语及法国诺而曼语。
英语演讲原文：奥巴马演讲 现在是在美国投资的时候了2
奥巴马演讲现在是在美国投资的时候了2Now, as a country, we have a responsibility to encourage American innovation. I talked about this quite a bit at my State of the Union.Companies like yours have always driven the discovery of new products and new ideas. You do it better than anybody. But what you also know is that it’s not always profitable to -- in the short-term, at least -- for you to invest in basic research. It’s very expensive, and the payoffs are not always clear and they’re not always localized. And that’s why government has traditionally helped invest in this kind of science, planting the seeds that ultimately grew into technologies from the computer chips to the Internet.That’s why we’re making investments today in the next generation of big ideas -– in biotechnology（生物技术） , in information technology and in clean energytechnology. We’re reforming our patent system so innovations can move more quickly to market. Steve Case is heading up a new partnership 1 called Startup America to help entrepreneurs turn new ideas into new businesses and new jobs. And I’ve also proposed a bigger, permanent tax credit for all the research and development your companiesdo in this country. I believe that is a priority.We also have a responsibility as a nation to provide our people with -- and our businesses -- with the fastest, most reliable way to move goods and information. The costs to business from outdated 2 and inadequate 3 infrastructure 4 is enormous. And that’s what we have right now -- outdated, inadequate infrastructure（基础设施） .And any of you that have been traveling to other countries, you know it, you see it, and it affects your bottomlines. That’s why I want to put more people to work rebuilding crumbling 5 roads, rebuilding ourbridges. That’s why I’ve proposed connecting 80 percent of the country with high-speed -- to high-speed rail, and making it possible for companies to put high-speed Internet coverage 6 in the reach of virtually all Americans.You understand the importance of this. The fact is, the Chamber 7 of Commerce and the AFL-CIO don’t agree on a whole lot. Tom Donohue and Richard Trumka are not Facebook friends. (Laughter.) Well, maybe -- I don’t think you are anyway. (Laughter.) I didn’t check on this, but -- but they agree on the need to build a 21st-century infrastructure. And I want to thank the Chamber for pushingCongress to make more infrastructure investments, and to do so in the most cost-effective way possible: with tax dollars that leverage 8 private capital, and with projects that are determined 9 not by politics, but by what’s best for our economy.Third responsibility that we have as a nation is to invest in the skills and education of our young people. If we expect companies to do business and hire in America, America needs a pool of trained, talented workers that can out-compete anybody in the world. And that’s why we’re reforming K-12 education; that’s why we’re training 100,000 new math and science teachers; that’s why we’re making college more affordable 10 , and revitalizing（复活，复兴） our community college system.Recently I visited GE in Schenectady, which has partnered with a local community college. And while students train for jobs available at the nearby GE plant, they earn a paycheck and they’ve got their tuition covered. And as a result, young people can find work, GE can fill high-skill positions, and the entire region has become more attractive to businesses. It’s a win-win for everybody, and it’s something we’re trying to duplicate（复制） across the country.Now, to make room for these investments in education, in innovation, in infrastructure, government also has a responsibility to cut spending that we just can’tafford. That’s why I’ve promised to veto any bill that’s larded up with earmarks. That’s why I’ve proposed that we freeze annual domestic spending for the next five years. Understand what this means. This would reduce the deficit 11 by more than $400 billion over the next decade, and bring this spending -- domestic discretionary spending -- down to the lowest share of our economy since Eisenhower was president. That was a long time ago.Now, it’s not going to be enough. We’re going to have to do more. Because the driving force on our deficits 12 are entitlements（权利） spending. And that’s going to require both parties to work together, because those are some tough problems that we’re going to have to solve. And I am eager to work with both parties and with the Chamber to take additional steps across the budget to put our nation on a sounder fiscal 13 （会计的，财政的） footing.By stopping spending on things we don’t need, we can make investments in the things that we do need, the same way families do. If they’ve got a fiscal problem, if they’vegot to tighten 14 their belt, they don’t stop paying for Johnny to go to college. They cut out things they don’t need, but they still make investments in the thing that are going to make sure we win the future. And that’s what we have to do as a country: make some smart choices -- tough choices, but smart ones.Now, in addition to making government more affordable, we’re also making it more effectiv e and more consumer-friendly. We’re trying to run the government a little bit more like you run your business -- with better technology and faster services. So in the coming months, my administration will develop a proposal to merge 15 , consolidate 16 （巩固，联合） and reorganize the federal government in a way that best serves the goal of a more competitive America. And we want to start with the 12 different agencies that deal with America’s exports. If we hope to help our businesses sell more goods around the world, we should ensure we’re all pulling in the same direction. And frankly 17 , with 12 different agencies in charge, nobody is in charge. So we’re going to fix that as an example of how we can make a government that’s more responsive to the American people and to American businesses.Which brings me to the final responsibility of government: breaking down some of the barriers that stand in the way of your success. As far as exports are concerned, that means seeking new opportunities and opening new markets for your goods. And I will tell you I will go anywhere anytime to be a booster for American businesses, American workers and American products. We recently signed -- (applause) -- and I don’t charge a commission. (Laughter.)■文章重点单词注释：1partnershipn.合作关系，伙伴关系参考例句：The company has gone into partnership with Swiss Bank Corporation.这家公司已经和瑞士银行公司建立合作关系。
奥巴马总统在2022年＂选择美国＂投资峰会上英语演讲稿
奥巴马总统在2022年＂选择美国＂投资峰会上英语演讲稿奥巴马总统在20xx年＂选择美国＂投资峰会上英语演讲稿 Thank you so much. (Applause.) Thank you. Please have a seat.Well, thank you, everybody. And let me begin by thanking Penny Pritzker for her outstanding leadership. We've got six Cabi Secretaries and dozens of U.S. ambassadors here, which should tell you that SelectUSA is a major priority for thisadministration. Since I was here with you 17 months ago, this gathering has doubled in size. So I want to thank all 2,600 of you – elected officials and local leaders from across this country, and business leaders from around the world – thank you for making this a priority, as well. The fact is there's never been a more exciting time for us to do business together. And today, Iwant to talk about why America is not only the right place for you to invest, but why America isthe safest, strongest, smartest place for you to invest than we've been in a long time. After the worst economic crisis since the Great Depression, America is now in the midst of thelongest streak of private sector job growth on record – 60 straight months; 12 million newjobs. Businesses in America have added more than 200,000 jobs each month for 12 straightmonths. That's the first time that's happened in nearly 40 years. Our unemployment rate has fallen from a peak of 10 percent in 20xx to 5.5 percent today.After a decade of outsourcing, we're starting to bring good jobs back to America. Over the lastfive years, manufacturers have added jobs at a rate not seen since the 1980s. In fact, themanufacturing sector is actually growing faster than the restof the economy. And last week, Iannounced nearly $500 million in new public and private investment in strengtheningAmerican manufacturing. And even though the United States is already home to more foreign direct investment than anyother country in the world, we've worked hard to address some of the challenges that held usback for too long. Our high school graduation rate is now at an all – time high. More youngpeople are earning their college degrees than ever before. Our energy production is booming,our energy costs are low, our leadership on climate change is restored. On the fiscal front, ourdeficits have shrunk by two-thirds. Our health care costs are flattening out for the first time inhalf a century. Over the past six years, we've worked hard to make ourselves a smarter place to invest and todo business than any other country in the world. So we've got a good story to tell. And that'sone reason I created Select USA, the first-ever government-wide initiative to encourage morepanies from around the world to invest and create jobs right here in the United States.We've got a good story to tell, but we want to make sure all of you had a chance to hear it. Andthe SelectUSA team wakes up every morning with one mission – bringing job –creatinginvestment to the United States of America. It's a kind of one-stop shop, sort of a match-making service for investment. Economic development anizations from around the country can connect with foreigninvestors from around the world who are interested in bringing their businesses here. Now,understand a lot of state and local leaders in this room have been working tirelessly for a longtime to attract foreign investment. The idea behind SelectUSA is just to make it easier for youto do that,and easier for our international partners to find the best opportunities. And by the beginning of this year, SelectUSA had assisted more than 1,000 clients, helping togenerate more than $20 billion of investment in the United States – investment that hasspurred economic growth and created jobs all across the country. The panies in this roomhave invested $13 billion over the last year, which will create an estimated 32,500 new jobs.。
奥巴马英文演讲稿
奥巴马英文演讲稿Ladies and gentlemen, esteemed guests, distinguished audience,It is with great pleasure and gratitude that I stand before you today as the 44th President of the United States. I am honored to have this opportunity to address such a remarkable gathering, and I hope that my words resonate with each and every one of you.The United States of America is a nation built on the principles of freedom, equality, and justice. These values are at the core of our democracy, and they have guided us through our most challenging times. Today, as I stand before you, I want to reaffirm our commitment to these ideals and to strengthen our resolve to overcome the obstacles that lie ahead.Throughout history, our nation has faced its fair share of trials and tribulations. From the Civil Rights Movement to the fight for gender equality, we have always been a beacon of hope and progress. But we must never forget that progress is not automatic; it requires hard work, determination, and unwavering dedication to the principles that define us.In recent years, the world has witnessed significant changes that have tested our resolve. The challenges we face today are not confined to our borders but are global in nature. From climate change to terrorism, we are confronted with pressing issues that demand our immediate attention and collective action.Climate change is a clear and present danger that requires urgent action. We cannot afford to ignore the devastating effects of rising temperatures, increased global warming, and severe weather events. We must come together as a global community to mitigate the impact of climate change and work towards a sustainable future for generations to come.Terrorism, too, poses a grave threat to the security and stability of our world. We must remain vigilant in the face of this menace and work tirelessly to root out the extremist ideologies that fuel such acts of violence. But we must also address the underlying factors that contribute to the radicalization of individuals and communities. By addressing the root causes of terrorism, we can hope to create a more peaceful and inclusive world.Education is another key area that demands our attention. It is through education that we can empower individuals to unlock their full potential and contribute meaningfully to society. We must invest in our schools, teachers, and students, and ensure that everyone has access to quality education. Education is not a privilege but a fundamental right that every individual deserves.In order to tackle these challenges, we must also foster greater international cooperation and understanding. We live in an interconnected world, where the actions of one nation can have far-reaching consequences for others. We must work together to promote dialogue, understanding, and empathy, and to build bridges rather than walls. By doing so, we can forge a more peaceful, prosperous, and just world.In closing, I want to emphasize that the challenges we face today are great, but so is our capacity to overcome them. We have proven time and again that when we come together and work towards a common purpose, nothing is beyond our reach. Let us draw inspiration from the values that define us as a nation and as human beings, and let us strive to leave behind a better world for future generations.Thank you, and may God bless you all.。
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J a p a n A u t o m o b i l eM a n u f a c t u r e r s A s s o c i a t i o nH EAD O FFICEJidosha Kaikan, 1-30, Shiba Daimon 1-ChomeMinato-ku, Tokyo 105-0012, JapanTel: 81-3-5405-6126Fax: 81-3-5405-6136http://www.jama.or.jp (Japanese)http://www.jama-english.jp (English)Japanese Automobile Manufacturers:w w w.j a m a.o r gA SIASingapore Representative Office143 Cecil Street #09-03/4GB Bldg., Singapore 069542Tel: 65-6221-5057 Fax: 65-6221-5072Beijing OfficeUnit 1001B, Level 10 • China World Tower 2 No.1 Jian Guo Men Wai Avenue N ORTH A MERICAU.S. Office1050 17th Street, NW, Suite 410Washington, DC 20036-5518, USATel: 202-296-8537Fax: 202-872-1212E UROPEEuropean OfficeAvenue Louise 287• Box 91050 Brussels, BelgiumTel: 32-2-639-1430Fax: 32-2-647-5754As leaders in the world automotive industry, we have been pioneers in innovation – focusing on the consumer, emphasizing quality and cost control while investing in cutting-edge technological and environmental research. However, like our competitors, our companies, workers, dealers, and consumers have been sorely tested by what is being called the most severe world recession since the Great Depression. The numbers in this brochure reflect that. Yet as we begin to emerge from the economic downturn, we believe our values have positioned us to continue to lead and prosper in a new, restructured and more disciplined market place.For example, our commitment to the U.S. market has not wavered. Honda opened a new manufacturing plant in Greensburg, Indiana, in 2008, bringing the total number of Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association (JAMA) company manufacturing facilities in the U.S. to a new high of 31. Our combined investments in our American vehicle, engine, and parts manufacturing facilities rose by more than a billion dollars to $33,674,000,000, a major contribution to local economies even in the face of these severe economic conditions. We have increased the number of our American employees devoted to research by 6 percent, a number now approaching 4,000 people working in 34 major U.S. research facilities.Unfortunately, our total employment fell during 2008 as the recession took its toll on the economy. At the end of 2008, we employed 392,635 workers in the U.S., down nearly 8 percent.The largest decrease came in our manufacturing operations. Manufacturing employment dropped 8 percent.The American automobile industry is being remade, sculpted by the implosion of a market that could not support its costs and consumers who would not support the status quo. Companies that will succeed in this new world must reflect the new market realities. Management must be alert to changing conditions, demands and trends and be lean enough – flexible enough – to meet them. There is a revived insistence on value for money, quality, and outstanding design in cars and trucks that will last.Consumers care about the environment and the safety of their families, and want technology to support their lifestyles in the 21st century.We believe this new marketplace is the one consumers have been waiting for, and so holds great opportunity for automakers ready to satisfy them. We are continuing to invest, research and build in order to provide the vehicles our consumers demand. We continue to focus our production in North America, where we still make nearly two-thirds of the cars and trucks that we sell in the U.S. This brochure provides the details of the JAMA member company investments in the U.S., and hints about our dreams for the future.Meeting the Challenges AheadTable of ContentsIntroduction: Meeting the Challenges Ahead 2Number of Americans Employed by Japanese Automakers and Dealers 3Map of JAMA Members’ U.S. Manufacturing Plants and Research Facilities 3-4Locally Built Japanese-Brand Vehicles 5JAMA Members’ Purchases of U.S. Auto Parts 6U.S. Exports from Japanese Auto Plants in the U.S. 6JAMA Members’ U.S. R&D and Design Centers7-8JAMA Members’ Environmental Contributions 9-12New Engine T echnology 9Awards and Accolades9Hybrid Vehicles10Next-Generation Vehicles 11-12Japanese Automakers’ Production, Employment, and Investment in the U.S. 13-14Published by JAMA 2009 • Japanese automakers own and operate 65 manufacturing plants and major R&D and design centersin the U.S. and employ thousands of Americans, some of whom are shown on the cover.The vehicles showcased on the cover include the Nissan LEAF , Toyota Prius,Honda CR-Z, and the Mitsubishi Fuso Aero Star Eco Hybrid Bus.Auto Production, Investment, and R &DCreate U.S. JobsManufacturingMap KeyR&DDealersThe Hino Motors Manufacturing plant in Williamstown, West Virginia, began production in 2007 and is capable of producing 5,000 trucks a year.Toyota Motor Manufacturing Kentucky, Inc., located inGeorgetown, Kentucky, is the automaker’s largest manufacturing facility outside of Japan. Established in 1986, it builds the Avalon, Camry, Camry Hybrid, Solara, and Venza as well as four-cylinder and V6 engines and powertrain parts.Hands-on engineering is the principle that guides employees at Honda R&D Americas, headquartered in Torrance, California. Established in 1975, the facility conducts local market research and design activities and creates advanced technologies and products that add value to Honda and Acuravehicles. Including its Torrance Headquarters, Honda R&D Americasnow operates 15 R&D facilities in the U.S.Creating a dealership that is informative, positive, engaging and even fun was the core of Mazda's Retail Revolution initiative begun in 2003 to transform the way people shop for cars. These dealerships, like the facility shown here inMidland, Texas, are distinguished by their bright colors, futuristic vehicle displays, and interactive terminals that help answer customers’ questions.* Plant under constructionPlease see pages 7, 8, 13, and 14for more details on these facilities.Vehicle Manufacturing Plant Engine Manufacturing Plant Parts Manufacturing PlantR&D Center Design CenterJapanese-Brand Vehicle Makers’ Manufacturing Employees Japanese-Brand Vehicle Makers’ R&D Employees Japanese-Brand Vehicle Dealers’ Employees Japanese-Brand Vehicle Distributors’ Employees Total EmployeesNumber of Americans Employed by Japanese Automakers and Dealers in the U.S.Note: There are 6,811 dealer franchises selling Japanese-brand vehicles. Source: Japanese Automakers55,7953,065331,09820,705410,663200457,3703,593337,08621,689419,738200559,9993,576339,98620,868424,429200662,1263,530337,46821,759424,88357,0273,752310,57521,281392,63520072008Japanese automakers (including distributors) and their dealers employed 392,635 Americans in 2008. Of these,the 31 manufacturing plants employed 57,027, while the automakers’ 34 major R&D and design centers employed 3,752. Dealers and distributors employed the rest.(Please see the map for facility locations and types and the chart below for detailed employment figures.)Toyota•GMHonda Nissan ToyotaHonda Isuzu Mazda Mitsubishi Nissan(2)Subaru Toyota(3)Nissan ToyotaToyotaHondaToyota ToyotaHino HinoToyota*Toyota Mazda • FordHondaNissan ToyotaNissanHonda Honda NissanNissanToyotaToyotaHonda ToyotaToyota ToyotaToyotaHino Honda Subaru Subaru Isuzu•GM Honda Honda(2)HondaHonda ToyotaHinoToyotaNissanMitsubishiMitsubishiMitsubishi Toyota (2)Nissan Subaru Honda Isuzu Mazda HinoLocally Built Vehicles Account for 62% of U.S. Sales of Japanese-Brand Vehicles in 2008In 1986, JAMA members exported about 3.4 million vehicles from Japan to the U.S.In 2008, they exported about 2 million vehicles here, a reduction of about 1.4 million vehicles.In 1986, JAMA members produced 617,000 vehicles in the U.S. In 2008, they produced nearly 3 million vehicles here, an increase of nearly 2.4 million vehicles.Japanese automakers now supply 62% of their total U.S. sales from their North American plants, compared with less than 12% in 1986.Source: Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association, Inc.Note: JAMA members’ production figures include their production for GM and Ford.Percent of Japanese Brand Sales Locally Manufactured1986 2008Sales of locally manufactured vehiclesSales of imported vehiclesSource: Calculated from sales figures as published in Ward’s Automotive Reports.Rising Production in the U.S. Replaces Exports from Japan: 1986-2008Purchases of U.S. Auto Parts Drop to Below $40 Billion in RecessionThe purchases of U.S. parts by Japanese automakers in Japan fiscal year 2008 (April 2008 - March 2009) fell to $39.26 billion from the previous year due to the economic recession, which has sharply reduced auto production and the need for, and purchase of, auto parts.Source: Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association, Inc.Note: Data includes purchases of U.S. auto parts by JAMA members for vehicles built in both the U.S. and Japan.Japanese auto companies export cars from their U.S. plants, in addition to meeting U.S. consumer demand.In 2008, Japanese manufacturers’ affiliates in the U.S. exported 275,127 American-built cars and trucks tocountries around the world. These exports consisted of 17.6% of total new vehicle shipments from the U.S.126,34640,162166,5081,163,03114.3%Car Exports from Japanese Plants in the U.S.Truck Exports from Japanese Plants in the U.S.Car & Truck Exports from Japanese Plants in the U.S.U.S. Car and Truck ExportsJapanese Plants’ Percentage of U.S. Car and Truck ExportsU.S. Exports from Japanese Auto Plants in the U.S.Source: Japanese Automakers and U.S. International Trade Commission Data Web Note: All exports include exports to Canada and Mexico.Exports Contribute to the U.S. Economy2004180,12489,592269,7161,225,64922.0%2005186,05889,817275,8751,442,49719.1%2006186,493114,395300,8881,606,11418.7%2007142,529132,598275,1271,563,34217.6%2008Current Functions81, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 72, 3, 4, 61, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 71, 2, 3, 5, 61, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7431, 3, 4, 61, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 74Name of CompanyHino Motors Manufacturing U.S.A., Inc.Honda R&D Americas, Inc.Isuzu Manufacturing Services of America, Inc.Mazda NorthAmerican Operations, Inc.Mitsubishi Motors R&D of America, Inc.Nissan Technical Center North America, Inc.Nissan Design America, Inc.Nissan Technical Center North America, Inc.Arizona Test Center Subaru Research and Development, Inc.Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America, Inc.Calty Design Research, Inc.(Toyota)Headquarters, Division OfficesFarmington Hills, MITorrance, CA; Raymond & East Liberty, OH; Detroit, MI;Denver, CO; Cantil, CA Detroit, MI; Los Angeles, CAIrvine, CA; Flat Rock, MIAnn Arbor, MI; Normal, IL; Washington, DC; Cypress, CAFarmington Hills, MI; Sacramento, CA;Canton, MS; Smyrna, TN; Gardena, CA San Diego, CAStanfield, AZ Cypress, CA; Lafayette, IN; Ann Arbor, MI Ann Arbor, MI; Plymouth, MI; Gardena, CA; Berkeley, CA;Wittmann, AZ; Sacramento, CA; Cambridge, MANewport Beach, CA; Ann Arbor, MI 1) Technical support for procurement of parts for local production 2) Evaluation of partsSource: Japanese Automakers3) Evaluation of vehicles 4)Styling & general design 5) Parts designR &D and Design Centers Meet American Consumers’ Requirements6) Vehicle design 7) Prototype production8) Technical support & marketing researchKey to Current Functions:Given the vast differences between Japanese and American vehicle markets, many of the products that JAMA members sell in the U.S. are designed and built in America. JAMA members’ R&D centers are responsible for tracking consumer trends and developing products that satisfy American tastes and needs.Mazda North American OperationsMazda operates two R&D centers in the U.S. — one in Irvine, California (pictured here), and the other in Flat Rock, Michigan. Both study technology and market trends,evaluate whether Mazda products conform to North American market standards, and develop designs exclusivelyfor North American consumers.Honda R&D FC SportHonda R&D Americas, based in Torrance, California,developed a hydrogen-powered, three-seat sports car concept, which it debuted at the 2008 Los Angeles Auto Show. Shown here, the FC Sport emphasizes the design flexibility and potential of Honda’s fuel cell technology,which consists of a compact, high-efficiency fuel cell stack arranged in an innovative center-tunnel layout.Honda R&D Ohio CenterThe Ohio Center of Honda R&D Americas is responsible for complete product development, testing and support of North American supplier development. An Automotive Safety Research Facility at the Ohio Center houses the high-resolution crash barrier block, the world’s first pitching crash test simulator, and other safety labs.Hino Crew CabIn 2008, Hino’s R&D facility in Farmington Hills,Michigan, developed the Crew Cab pictured here. Thetruck specifically was designed for the U.S. market.Toyota Calty Design ResearchToyota’s Calty Design Research Facility in Newport Beach,California, provides solutions for Toyota, Lexus, and Scion product development and supports North American production design, including color and trim. Activities include research, advanced design, and philanthropic outreach. Calty has contributed exterior styling for such production models as the FJ Cruiser, Tundra, Highlander,Scion xB, and Venza.New TechnologiesOver the years, Japanese automakers have distinguished themselves for developing high-quality products that are friendlier to the environment — an increasingly important concern for American consumers. Their dedica-tion to preserving the environment also extends to making sure the facilities they operate are in harmony with their natural surroundings.Hybrid VehiclesJAMA members first introduced hybrids in the U.S. market in the late 1990s. Since then, their sales steadily increased through 2007 when they reached just over 322,000, before declining somewhat in 2008 to nearly 282,000 due to the economic recession. JAMA members have introduced new hybrid models in 2009 and plan even more in the years to come.New Engine TechnologyEcological Drive Assist SystemHonda’s Ecological Drive Assist System enhances fuel economy and is fea-tured in the new Insight hybrid car.i-stop SystemMazda’s unique engine stop/start system, i-stop, uses combustion energy to restart the engine in just 0.35 seconds, about half the time of most other competing systems.Dual Injector System (Not Pictured)Nissan has developed a Dual Injector System to improve fuel efficiency in gasoline engines. It will introduce the new system in production vehicles starting early in Japan fiscal year 2010.Continuously Variable Transmission (Not Pictured)Next-generation Continuously Variable Transmission technology, developed by Nissan and its affiliate transmission supplier, JATCO Ltd., will appear in compact Nissan vehicles worldwide in the near future.Awards & AccoladesJAMA members’ focus on the environment has not gone unnoticed. In 2008 and 2009, Japanese automakers earned recognition for their com-mitment to protecting the environment.Recognizing Honda's leadership in the area of alternative fuels and hydro-gen-powered fuel cell technology, the Honda FCX Clarity was declared the “2009 World Green Car.” The hydrogen fuel cell-powered FCX Clarity is available on a limited lease basis.Subaru of Indiana Automotive received the U.S. EPA’s 2008“WasteWise Gold Achievement Award for Climate Change,” which is awarded to companies that reduce greenhouse gas emissions through waste reduction.For the fifth consecutive year, in 2009, the U.S. EPA awarded Toyota its “Energy Star” award for the company’s sustained commitment to energy efficiency and management of energy consumption.JAMA Members’ Environmental Contributions in the U.S.Sales of Hybrid Vehicles in the U.S. MarketEcological Drive Assist SystemMazda’s i-stop System2009 World Green CarToyota Wins Energy StarJapanese Brand U.S. Brand Total Units for YearSource: Ward’s Automotive Reports; some numbers are revised from the previous edition.Honda InsightNissan AltimaToyota PriusNext-Generation VehiclesHaving distinguished themselves by being the first to offer hybrid vehicles to consumers worldwide, Japanese automakers continue to work on new technologies to reduce carbon dioxide emissions and the world’s dependence on oil and give consumers an environmentally friendly means of transportation.Fuel Cell VehiclesHonda FCX ClarityHonda began leasing the FCX Clarity hydrogen fuel cell vehicle in July 2008 in southern California. The combined sales plan for Japan and the U.S. calls for a few dozen units within a year and about 200 units within three years.Toyota Fuel Cell Hybrid VehicleToyota also is steadily overcoming the technological hurdles associated with fuel cell vehicles. Japan’s Ministry of Land,Infrastructure and Transport has given Toyota vehicle-type certification for its Fuel Cell Hybrid Vehicle, which features a newly designed FC stack fuel cell that offers a 25% improve-ment in fuel efficiency and a cruising range of nearly 516 miles.Electric VehiclesNissan LEAFThe Nissan LEAF , the world's first affordable, zero-emission car,goes on sale in the U.S., Japan, and Europe in 2010. Laminated compact lithium-ion batteries that provide a range of more than 100 miles power the vehicle, a medium-size hatchback that com-fortably seats five adults.Subaru Plug-in STELLA EVThe Subaru Plug-in STELLA Electric Vehicle (EV), which isequipped with a high-performance lithium-ion battery, now is being sold in Japan. The Subaru Plug-in STELLA Electric Vehicle (EV) is based on the Subaru STELLA mini car.Mitsubishi i-MiEVMitsubishi has unveiled the production version of the i-MiEV new-generation electric vehicle. The vehicle, which is now avail-able in Japan, is the culmination of the company’s 40 years of electric vehicle development. The company plans to continue its collaboration with private and public sectors to develop the infrastructure needed to promote the use of electric vehicles.Plug-In HybridToyota Plug-in HybridToyota is developing a plug-in hybrid vehicle that can be charged using external power sources based on its hybrid technology,which it has positioned as a core technology for environmentally considerate vehicles. A plug-in hybrid basically operates as an electric vehicle on short trips and as a conventional hybrid vehicle on longer ones. Toyota intends to introduce approximately 500plug-in hybrid vehicles globally, primarily to fleet customers, to encourage market acceptance and promote understanding.Hydrogen VehiclesMazda RX-8 Hydrogen REIn 2008, Mazda began validating the RX-8 Hydrogen RE’s driving performance on public roads in Norway. Thedemonstration is part of a special program to demonstrate hydrogen energy infrastructure, including a chain of hydrogen stations along a 360-mile stretch of highway in Norway.Mazda Premacy Hydrogen RE HybridMazda’s latest eco-car, the Premacy RE Hybrid, features the automaker’s proprietary dual-fuel system, which enables the car to run on gasoline if hydrogen is unavailable. Its interior parts are made from Mazda’s plant-derived biotech materials.Subaru Plug-in STELLA EVMitsubishi i-MiEVNissan LEAFToyota Plug-in HybridMazda Premacy Hydrogen RE HybridToyota Fuel Cell HybridHonda FCX ClarityMazda RX-8Hydrogen REJAMA Members’ Environme ntal Contributions in the U.S.Source: Japanese Automakers; all data as of December 2008Note: ı Units produced for Ford ı ı Units produced for GM * Pontiac Vibe production ceased in August 2009. **Truck production ceased in July 2008. ***Tundra production ceased in August 2008. +Toyota Motor Manufacturing, Mississippi, Inc. (Blue Springs, MS) is under construction.Japanese Automakers’ Production,Data for this chart is continued at the top of page 14, with combined totals at the bottom.。