英语三级笔译证书考试汉译英真题精选(24篇)及参考译文【圣才出品】

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2022年下半年英语三级笔译(CATTI 3) 实务考试真题及参考译文

2022年下半年英语三级笔译（CATTI 3) 实务考试真题及参考译文Section 1: English-Chinese Translation (50 points)Translate the following passage into Chinese.In times of stress, like living through a global pandemic, it' s natural to fall back on soothing habits---gardening, playing video games or lighting up a cigarette.But what are the risks, given that the novel coronavirus at the center of the current crisis attacks the lungs? The science is in its early stages, but studies are finding that cigarette smokers are more likely to have severe infections. There is data to show that if you are a smoker, you're more likely to have adverse outcomes from COVID-19, need mechanical ventilation and die than if you' re not a smoker. Smoking damages the lungs' defense mechanisms, making it harder to fight off COVID-19 and other respiratory diseases.What does science say? Early data was conflicting. Some reports indicated that smoking was not associated with increased adverse outcomes and that smokers were underrepresented in hospital settings, leading some to claim that smokers might even have immunity to the virus. But specialists dismissed the claims as "really fringe stuff". One study found that of those who died of COVID-19, 9 percent were current smokers, compared with 4 percent of those that survived. Smoking, for one thing, inhibits blood cells that would otherwise clean and repair damaged lungs.What about e-cigarettes? Less is known about how coronavirus patients who use e-cigarettes products are faring, but several doctors suspect their trajectory will mirror that of cigarette smokers. Smoking e-cigarettes has all the same adverse effects as smoking ordinary cigarettes does. Smoking anything can irritate the lining of your lungs. If you irritate the lining of your lungs, you set yourself up for trouble, because the disease kills people by attacking the lungs.What about secondhand smoke? Smokers do not expel more of a respiratory virus than non-smokers, although they do cough more. The smoke itself doesn' t seem to increase the amount of virus that gets in the air. However, to the extent that the virus is carried in tiny aerosol particles that stay in the air, one of the possible meansof transmission, the smoke shows where those particles are located. One study showed that people who had been exposed to second hand smoke were more likely to contract tuberculosis and, once they got it, didn' t do as well as those who weren' t exposed to smoke. In terms of these immune-suppressive effects, as it relates to tuberculosis, secondhand smoke has adverse effects.Each virus has its unique pattern of dispersion, and scientists are starting to get a handle on how the novel coronavirus behaves. This understanding is making it possible to rank the risks of different activities from high to low to trivial.The two drivers of the spread of the disease are close contact and crowding in closed spaces, as the virus is mainly transmitted through respiratory droplets and close contact. It spreads through homeless shelter and nursing homes, where people are crowded in with many others. And it spreads through people's households. Scientists have found some trends. For example, spending time dining together or being on public transport might increase the risk of spreading or contracting the disease, while going to a market briefly for five minutes or a transient encounter while you walk or run past someone is considered low risk.The studies were all done through contact tracing, which may turn out to be humanity's greatest strategy for fighting the COVID-19 pandemic. Contact tracing can stop chains of transmission, even after a disease is widespread. Another major benefit is that it offers clues as to how the disease spreads. Each virus has its unique pattern.【参考译文】：适逢直面重重压力之际,恰似人类正身陷于这一场席卷全球的新冠肺炎疫情之图圄。

历年翻译资格考试真题（三级笔译）

历年翻译资格考试真题(三级笔译) 历年翻译资格考试真题(三级笔译): Section 1: English-Chinese Translation (英译汉)(50 points) The Money Ran Out; Then the Villagers Stepped In HIGUERA HIGUERA DE DE DE LA LA LA SERENA, SERENA, SERENA, Spain Spain Spain ——It It didn didn ’t t take take take long long long for for for Manuel Manuel Manuel GarcíGarcíGarcía a Murillo, a bricklayer who took over as mayor here last June, to realize that his town was in trouble. It was 800,000 euros, a little more than $1 million, in the red. Ther was was no no no cash cash cash on on on hand hand hand to to to pay pay pay for for for anything anything anything ——and and there there there was was was work work work that that that needed needed needed to to to be be done. But then an amazing thing happened, he said. Just as the health department was about about to to to close close close down down down the the the day day day care care care center center center because because because it it it didn didn ’t t have have have a a a proper proper proper kitchen, kitchen, Bernardo Benít ez, a construction worker, offered to put up the walls and the tiles free. tez, a construction worker, offered to put up the walls and the tiles free. Then, Maria José Carmona, an adult education teacher, stepped in to clean the place Carmona, an adult education teacher, stepped in to clean the place up. And somehow, the volunteers just kept coming. Every Sunday now, the residents of of this this this town town town in in in southwest southwest southwest Spain Spain Spain ——young young and and and old old old ——do do what what what needs needs needs to to to be be be done, done, whether whether it it it is is is cleaning cleaning cleaning the the the streets, streets, streets, raking raking raking the the the leaves, leaves, leaves, unclogging unclogging unclogging culverts culverts culverts or or or planting planting trees in the park. “It was an initiative from them,” said Mr. García. “Day to day we talked to people and and we we we told told told them them them there there there was was was no no no money. money. money. Of Of Of course, course, course, they they they could could could see see see it. it. it. The The The grass grass grass in in between the sidewalks was up t o my thigh. “Higuera de la Serena is in many ways a microcosm of Spain ’s troubles. Just as Spain ’s s national national national and and and regional regional regional governments governments governments are are are struggling struggling struggling with with with the the the collapse collapse collapse of of of the the construction construction industry, industry, industry, overspending overspending overspending on on on huge huge huge capital capital capital projects projects projects and and and a a a pileup pileup pileup of of of unpaid unpaid bills, the same problems afflict many of its small towns. But what has brought Higuera de la Serena a measure of fame in Spain is that th residents residents have have have stepped stepped stepped up up up where where where their their their government government government has has has failed. failed. failed. Mr. Mr. Mr. GarcíGarcíGarcía a a says says says his his phone rings regularly from other town officials who want to know how to do the sam thing. He is serving without paay, as are the town ’s two other elected officials. They are also forgoing the cars and phones that usually come with the job. “We lived beyond our means,” Mr. García said. “We invested in public works that weren ’t t sensible. sensible. sensible. We We We are are are in in in technical technical technical bankruptcy.” bankruptcy.” bankruptcy.” Even Even Even some some some money money money from from from the the European Union that was supposed to be used for routine operating expenses and last until 2013 has already been spent, he said. Higuera de la Serena, a cluster of about 900 houses surrounded by farmland, and traditionally dependent on pig farming and olives, got swept up in the giddy days of the construction boom. It built a cultural center and invested in a small nursing home.But the projects were plagued by delays and cost overruns. The The cultural cultural cultural center center center still still still has has has no no no bathrooms. bathrooms. bathrooms. The The The nursing nursing nursing home, home, home, a a a whitewashed whitewashed building building sits sits sits on on on the the the edge edge edge of of of town, town, town, still still still unopened. unopened. unopened. Together, Together, Together, they they they account account account for for for some some $470,000 of debt owed to the bank. But the rest of the debt is mostly the unpaid bil of a town that was not keeping up with its expenses. It owes for medical supplies, fo diesel diesel fuel, fuel, fuel, for for for road road road repair, repair, repair, for for for electrical electrical electrical work, work, work, for for for musicians musicians musicians who who who played played played during during holidays. Higuera Higuera de de de la la la Serena Serena Serena is is is not not not completely completely completely without without without workers. workers. workers. It It It still still still has has has a a a half-time half-time librarian, librarian, two two two half-time half-time half-time street street street cleaners, cleaners, cleaners, someone someone someone part-time part-time part-time for for for the the the sports sports sports complex, complex, complex, a a secretary and an administrator, all of whom are paid through various financing streams apart from the town. But the town once had a work force twice the size. And when someone is ill, volunteers have to step in or the gym and sports complex — open four hours a day — must close. Section2: Chinese-English Translation (汉译英)(50 points) １０年来，中国经济持续快速发展，经济实力、综合国力、人民生活水平迈上新的台阶，国家面貌发生举世瞩目的历史性变化，为促进亚洲和世界经济增长作出了重要贡献。

英语笔译三级参考答案

英语笔译三级参考答案一、翻译理论基础1. 翻译的定义：翻译是将一种语言的文本转换成另一种语言的过程，同时保持原文的意义和风格。

2. 翻译的标准：忠实性、通顺性和可读性是翻译的三个基本标准。

3. 翻译的类型：直译和意译是两种基本的翻译方法，直译注重字面意义的转换，意译注重整体意义的传达。

4. 翻译的过程：翻译通常包括理解、转换和表达三个阶段。

二、翻译技巧1. 词汇层面的翻译技巧：包括同义词替换、反义词使用、词汇的增减等。

2. 句子结构的翻译技巧：包括调整语序、合并或拆分句子等。

3. 语篇层面的翻译技巧：包括保持原文的连贯性、逻辑性和文体特征。

4. 文化差异的处理：注意文化背景的差异，适当进行文化适应性调整。

三、实际翻译练习练习一：英译汉原文：The novel, with its intricate plot and well-drawn characters, has captivated readers for generations.参考译文：这部小说以其错综复杂的情节和栩栩如生的人物，吸引了几代读者。

练习二：汉译英原文：随着科技的发展，人们的生活方式发生了翻天覆地的变化。

参考译文：With the advancement of technology, people's lifestyles have undergone earth-shattering changes.四、翻译实践段落翻译原文：In the heart of the city, there stands an ancienttemple that has witnessed the rise and fall of dynasties. Its walls are adorned with intricate carvings that tell storiesof the past.参考译文：在城市的中心，矗立着一座古老的寺庙，它见证了朝代的兴衰。

2022年5月翻译资格考试三级英语笔译真题及答案2

2022年5月翻译资格考试三级英语笔译真题及答案试题部分：Section 1: English-Chinese Translation (英译汉) Translate the following passage into Chinese.NARSAQ, Greenland —as icebergs in the Kayak Harbor pop and hiss while melting away, this remote Arctic town and its culture are also disappearing in a changing climate.Narsaq’s largest employer, a shrimp factory, closed a few years ago after the crustaceans fled north to cooler water. Where once there were eight commercial fishing vessels, there is now one.As a result, the populati on here, one of southern Greenland’s major towns, has been halved to 1,500 in just a decade. Suicides are up.“Fishing is the heart of this town,〞said Hans Kaspersen, 63, a fisherman. “Lots of people have lost their livelihoods.〞But even as warming temperatures are upending traditional Greenlandic life, they are also offering up intriguing new opportunities for this state of 57,000 —perhaps nowhere more so than here in Narsaq.Vast new deposits of minerals and gems are being discovered as Greenland’s massive ice cap recedes, forming the basis of a potentially lucrative mining industry. One of the world’s largest deposits of rare earth metals —essential for manufacturing cellphones, wind turbines and electric cars — sits just outside Narsaq. It has long been known that Greenland sat upon vast mineral lodes, and the Danish government has mapped them intermittently for decades. Niels Bohr, Denmark’s Nobel Prize-winning nuclear physicist and a member of the Manhattan Project, visited Narsaq in 1957 because of its uranium deposits.But previous attempts at mining mostly failed, proving too expensive in the inclement conditions. Now, warming has altered the equation.Greenland’s Bureau of Minerals and Petroleum, charged with managing the boom, currently has 150 active licenses for mineral exploration, up from 20 a decade ago. Altogether, companies spent $100 million exploring Greenland’s deposits last year, and several are applying for licenses to begin construction on new mines, bearing gold, iron and zinc and rare earths. There are also foreign companies exploring for offshore oil.The Black Angel lead and zinc mine, which closed in 1990, is applying to reopen this year, said Jorgen T.Hammeken-Holm, who oversees licensing at the country’s miningbureau, “because the ice is in retreat and you’re getting much more to explore.〞The Greenlandic government hopes that mining will provide new revenue. In granting Greenland home rule in 2022, Denmark froze its annual subsidy, which is scheduled to be decreased further in the coming years.Here in Narsaq, a collection of brightly painted homes bordered by spectacular fjords, two foreign companies are applying to the government for permission to mine.That proximity promises employment, and the company is already schooling some young men in drilling and in English, the international language of mine operations. It plans to build a processing plant, a new port and more roads. (Greenland currently has none outside of settled areas.) Narsaq’s tiny airport, previously threatened with closure from lack of traffic, could be expanded. A local landlord is contemplating converting an abandoned apartment block into a hotel.“There will be a lot of people coming from outside and that will be a big challenge since Greenlandic culture has been isolated,〞 said Jasper Schroder, a student home in Narsaq from university in Denmark.Still, he supports the mine and hopes it will provide jobs and stem the rash of suicides, particularly among his peers; Greenland has one of the highest suicide rates in the world. “People in this culture don’t want to be a burden to their families if they can’t contribute,〞 he said.But not all are convinced of the benefits of mining. “Of course the mine will help the local economy and will help Greenla nd, but I’m not so sure if it will be good for us,〞said Dorothea Rodgaard, who runs a local guesthouse. “We are worried about the loss of nature.〞Section 2: Chinese-English Translation (汉译英) Translate the following passage into English.中华民族历经磨难，自强不息，从未放弃对美妙梦想的向往和追求。

CATTI三级笔译综合能力真题和答案及解析

CATTI三级笔译综合能力考试试题及答案解析(一)一、Vocabulary Selection（本大题15小题．每题1.0分，共15.0分。

In this part, there are 20 incomplete sentences. Below each sentence, there are four words or phrases respectively marked by letters A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase which best completes each sentence. There is only one right answer. ）第1题Since writing home to their parents for money, they had lived________hope.A inB forC onD through【正确答案】：A【本题分数】：1.0分【答案解析】固定搭配。

live in hope生活在希望中；live for为……而生活，盼望；live on 继续生活，以……为主食，靠……生活；live through度过，经受过；根据句意应填A。

第2题________get older, the games they play become increasingly complex.A ChildrenB Children, when theyC As childrenD For children to【正确答案】：C【本题分数】：1.0分【答案解析】语法应用。

本句逗号前是状语从句，空白处应填连词；主句主语是the games，因此选项A、B、D均不对；只有as“随着”符合句意，所以C为答案。

第3题Martin has created enough memorable ________to make it easy to forgive his lows.A youngstersB noblesC highsD miserables【正确答案】：C【本题分数】：1.0分【答案解析】固定搭配。

2024英语三级笔译(Catti 3)实务真题及参考译文

2024年英语三级笔译（CATTI3）实务真题及参考译文1.英译汉（原文）The last vestiges of Covid Restrictions have finally been removed, and international tourism is exploding—more than 900 million eager tourists took to the skies in 2022, doubling the number from 2021.But as world travel recovers from the pandemic, the rise in tourism is, among other things, overwhelming foreign infrastructure, disrupting local residents and diminishing the overall tourist experience.Although tourism still boosts the economies of hotspot cities, municipal authorities are concerned about the impact over tourism has on their communities and cultural heritage sites and have thus started taking matters into their own hands to mitigate overcrowding.To counter the downsides of overtourism, the travel industry can utilize tech-based tools that combat the root causes of tourist congestion and actively encourage travel to lesser-known places, thereby satisfying tourists without burdening the local residents.According to one study, when tourist numbers exceed a city’s carrying capacity, residents’ perception of their home as a good place to live begins to deteriorate, increasing feelings of resentment toward tourists during peak seasons.Amsterdam, with its picturesque canals, stunning brick architecture and leisurely bicycle paths, is just one of several cities reeling from the effects of overtourism; more than 20 million tourists are anticipated to visit the city this year alone.To curb the flow of visitors without destabilizing the tourism market, the city introduced a cap on overnight guests and is proposing further measures that include relocating some popular tourist attractions to outside the city center—or even removing them altogether.To give the city more “breathing space”, the mayor of Dubrovnik（杜布罗夫尼克，克罗地亚城市）shut down 80% of its souvenir stalls and restricted cruise ship and tour bus operations. City officials in Barcelona instituted taxes for overnight tourists and barred entry to certain food markets. And in Venice, officials banned the development of new hotels and installed turnstiles along popular routes to redirect tourist traffic.To thrive with resident communities, the tourism industry must cultivate a new approach that better serves local interests when promoting destinations and trip options.Marketing trips through the use of thoughtful ad campaigns and tech tools that inspire tourists to venture away from conventional hotspots and explore lesser-known attractions could lead to a more even distribution of travelers across various destinations.To that end, dispersing tourists should be a top business goal for travel providers rather than focusing only on the high-traffic destinations. This not only enables travelers to genuinely experience diverse cultures but also provides vital support torural-located businesses, restaurants and cultural establishments, which stand to gain the most from tourist dollars.In order to empower travelers to visit new or unfamiliar destinations, the industry should consider leveraging tech-based tools to convince them. Airbnb（爱彼迎公司）, for example, rolled out flexible search features in 2021 that divert bookings away from destinations at times when overtourism occurs, encouraging tourists to make accommodations in alternative cities or towns.With tourists overrunning major destinations, the tourism industry and local municipalities must find some middle ground. Heavily visited cities will otherwise be forced to impose further tourist restrictions, putting an entire revenue stream at risk.1.英译汉（译文）新冠疫情最后剩余的限制终于被解除，国际旅游业也因此迎来了爆发式增长——2022年，有超过9亿热切的游客乘飞机出行，人数是2021年的两倍。

英语三级笔译证书考试英译汉真题精选(20篇)及参考译文【圣才出品】

英语三级笔译证书考试英译汉真题精选（20篇）及参考译文Passage 1Exercise Alone Will Not Ensure Weight LossThis may come as a shock: for all its other benefits, exercise doesn’t guarantee weight loss. Experts are coming to realize that we can exercise like crazy, but we’re unlikely to get thin unless we also change what we eat. Why? First, you have to do an awful lot of exercise to burn off calories. You’d have to swim for 40 minutes to burn off a slice of pepperoni pizza*; go skating for 50 minutes to cancel out a chicken caesar salad; or play cricket for 25 minutes to wipe away the traces of one small glass of dry white wine.Trainer Scott Williams decided the best way to show this in action was to put one volunteer on a high-speed treadmill for five minutes, while another stood behind scoffing pizza for the same amount of time. At the end, the volunteer whipping sweat from his forehead had burnt off 110 calories; the one wiping cheese from his chin had taken in 640 calories.“It’s a mistake a lot of people make—they think they can eat what they like if they are exercising,”says Williams. Some expels believe that when we exercise a lot we tend to eat more, either because we’re hungrier or because we feel we deserve a treat after all the hard work. We also move less for the rest of the day. The news you might not want to hear is that if exercise is going to make a difference, youhave to work out in addition to normal daily physical activity.* pepperoni pizza：意式香肠比萨饼(2011年5月试题) 参考译文单靠运动不会确保减体重尽管运动有诸多益处，但不能确保减轻体重，这种说法可能会令人惊讶。

2023年下半年英语三级笔译(CATTI 3)实务真题及参考译文

Section 1: English-Chinese Translation (50 points)Translate the following passage into Chinese.Guidebook company Lonely Planet has revealed its 18th annual“Best in Travel” list.The 2023 edition is in a slightly different format than it has been in years past. Rather than a simple list, the destinations are split up into five categories – eat, learn, journey, unwind and connect. “This year, we really wanted to try something new and we wanted to reflect the way that we saw travelers looking for travel, which was about the destination, but also about the experience,” explains Nitya Chambers, executive editor and senior vice president of content at Lonely Planet.Lonely Planet reaches out to its wide network of contributors around the world and asks them to nominate destinations they believe should be on the list. From there, editors at Lonely Planet HQ begin to ask more questions, work their sources and narrow down the options until it is released in November.That might mean taking a chance on a new country, like Malta or Guyana, that all your friends haven’t been to yet. It might mean choosing a less-visited place in a favorite destination, like Marseille rather than Paris or Fukuoka instead of Tokyo. All four spots are among the 30 destinations of the 2023 list. It’s no surprise that Peru appears as one of the picks under the “eat” section of Lonely Planet’s list –as it has been racking up the recognition for years on the World’s 50 Best Restaurants list. However, its South American sibling Montevideo – another “eat” entry – is not as high profile. Street food lovers should head to Kuala Lumpur. The capital is a perfect location for an introduction to food from all over Malaysia, like Penang-style curries and fish maw soup.As the world opened up after long Covid restrictions, many travelers felt the urge to connect or reconnect with others. Sydney, in this context, makes Lonely Planet’s “connect” list. The Australian city is known for its friendly inhabitants, as well as for its beautiful beaches, top-notch food scene and a pretty cool opera house. People with African heritage may want to head to Ghana for their own sense of connection. The country observed a Year of Return in 2019, which brought people from all over the diaspora to Ghana with fellowship and community. Just because the pass of the year doesn’t mean the loss of the sense of connection. The country,observed a Year of Return in 2019, which brought people from all over the diaspora to Ghana for fellowship and community. Just because the year passed doesn’t mean that the sense of connection has gone: Ghana wants to hit a goal of eight million tourists per year.The pandemic spurred another powerful desire, too:the stress of working from home while homeschooling the kids over Zoom means many travelers just want to take a long break. Island destinations, like Jamaica and Dominica in the Caribbean, are just the place to unwind, according to Lonely Planet. The former is high on Chambers’ personal list for 2023. “There’s just an opportunity with our kids in the summer (to) spend some more time, go immerse and have the experience of living somewhere where you can really feel changed and transformed by being part of another place.Malta – another “unwind” destination – is a lesser-known gem with the climateof Italy and the landscape of the Middle East. And in Asia, the Indonesian archipelago of Raja Ampat might be one of the last paradises left on Earth. It is loved for eco-tourism and is home to a massively successful coral restoration project. LP designated six “journey” spots, places for most travel-lovers. It’s no surprise that the central Asian kingdom of Bhutan made the cut.【参考译文】：旅行指南出版商《孤独星球》(LonelyPlanet) 连续第18年发布年度“世界最佳旅行目的地”(BestinTravel) 榜单。

历年英语翻译资格考试笔译三级真题

历年英语翻译资格考试笔译三级真题历年英语翻译资格考试笔译三级真题"翻译资格证书考试"是一项在全国实施的，专门对广大从业人员，包括在校大学生的英语实际翻译能力进行科学考核并提供权威认证的翻译资格认证考试制度。

包括口译和笔译两种形式的认证。

下面，店铺为大家搜索整理了历年英语翻译资格考试笔译三级真题，希望能给大家带来收获，Section 1 English-Chinese Translation ( 50 points )Translate the following passage into Chinese.This month, the United Nations Development Program made water and sanitation the centerpiece of its flagship publication, the Human Development Report.Claims of a "water apartheid," where poor people pay more for water than the rich, are bound to attract attention. But what are the economics behind the problem, and how can it be fixed? In countries that have trouble delivering clean water to their people, a lack of infrastructure is often the culprit. People in areas that are not served by public utilities have to rely on costlier ways of getting water, such as itinerant water trucks and treks to wells. Paradoxically, as the water sources get costlier, the water itself tends to be more dangerous. Water piped by utilities - to the rich and the poor alike - is usually cleaner than water trucked in or collected from an outdoor tank.The problem exists not only in rural areas but even in big cities like Manila and Jakarta, said Hakan man, program director of the UN agency in Thailand. Further, subsidies made to local water systems often end up benefiting people other than the poor, he added.The agency proposes a three-step solution. First, makeaccess to 20 liters, or 5 gallons, of clean water a day a human right. Next, make local governments accountable for delivering this service. Last, invest in infrastructure to link people to water mains.The report says governments, especially in developing countries, should spend at least 1 percent of gross domestic product on water and sanitation. It also recommends that foreign aid be more directed toward these problems. Clearly, this approach relies heavily on government intervention, something man readily acknowledged. But there are some market-based approaches as well.By offering cut-rate connections to poor people to the water mainline, the private water utility in Abidjan, Ivory Coast, has steadily increased access to clean water, according to the agency’s report. A subsidy may not even be necessary, despite the agency’s proposals, if a country can harness the economic benefits of providing clean water.People who receive clean water are much less likely to die from water-borne diseases - a common malady in the developing world - and much more likely to enjoy long, productive, taxpaying lives that can benefit their host countries. So if a government is trying to raise financing to invest in new infrastructure, it might find receptive ears in private credit markets - as long as it can harness the return. Similarly, private companies may calculate that it is worth bringing clean water to an area if its residents are willing to pay back the investment over many years.In the meantime, some local solutions are being found. In Thailand, man said, some small communities are taking challenges like water access upon themselves. "People organize themselves in groups to leverage what little resources they haveto help their communities," he said. "That’s especially true out in the rural areas. They invest their money in revolving funds and saving schemes, and they invest themselves to improve their villages. "It is not always easy to take these solutions and replicate them in other countries, though. Assembling a broad menu of different approaches can be the first step in finding the right solution for a given region or country.Section 2 Chinese-English Translation ( 50 points )Translate the following passage into English.即使遇到丰收年景，对中国来说，要用世界百分之七的耕地养活全球五分之一的人口仍是一项艰巨的任务。

英语三级笔译实务真题精选及详解(二)【圣才出品】

英语三级笔译实务真题精选及详解（二）Section1:English-ChineseTranslation(50points)Translate the following passage into Chinese.The Republic of Ireland is a sovereign state in western Europe, occupying about five-sixths of the island of Ireland. The capital and largest city is Dublin, whose metropolitan area is home to around a quarter of the country’s 4.6 million inhabitants. The state shares its only land border with Northern Ireland. It is a unitary, parliamentary republic with an elected president serving as head of state. The head of government is nominated by the lower house of parliament.Following the Irish War of Independence and the subsequent Anglo-Irish Treaty, Ireland gained independence from the United Kingdom in 1922. Initially a dominion, Ireland received official British recognition of full legislative independence in the Statute of Westminster of 1931. A new constitution was adopted in 1937, by which the name of the state became “Ireland.” In 1949, Ireland was declared a republic under the Republic of Ireland act 1948.Ireland ranks among the wealthiest countries in the world in terms of GDP per capita. In 1973, Ireland enacted a series of liberal economic policies that resulted in rapid economic growth, coupled with a dramatic rise in inequality. The country achieved considerable prosperity from 1995 to 2007. This was halted by anunprecedented financial crisis that began in 2008, in conjunction with the concurrent global economic crash.In 2011 and 2013 Ireland was ranked as the seventh-most developed country in the world by the United Nations Human Development Index. It also performs well in several metrics of national performance, including freedom of the press, economic freedom and civil liberties. It pursues a policy of neutrality through non-alignment.The population of Ireland stood at 4,588,252 in 2011, an increase of 8.2% since 2006. As of 2011, Ireland had the highest birth rate in the European Union (16 births per 1,000 of population). In 2012, 35.1% of births were to unmarried women. Annual population growth rates exceeded 2% during the 2002-2006 period, which was attributed to high rates of natural increase and immigration. This rate declined somewhat during the subsequent 2006-2011 period, with an average growth rate of 1.6%.Ireland ranks fifth in the world in terms of gender equality. In 2011, Ireland was ranked the most charitable country in Europe, and second most charitable in the world. Contraception was controlled in Ireland until 1979, however, the receding influence of the Catholic Church has led to an increasingly secularized society. In 1983, the Eighth Amendment recognized “the right to life of the unborn”, subject to qualifications concerning the “equal right to life” of the mother. The passage of the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Amendments, guaranteeing the right to have an abortion performed abroad, and the right to learn about “services” that areillegal in Ireland but legal abroad. The prohibition on divorce in the 1937 Constitution was repealed in 1995 under the Fifteenth Amendment. Divorce rates in Ireland are very low compared to European Union averages while the marriage rate in Ireland is slightly above the European Union average.Capital punishment is constitutionally banned in Ireland, while discrimination based on age, gender, sexual orientation, marital or familial status, religion, race is illegal.Ireland became the first country in the world to introduce an environmental levy for plastic shopping bags in 2002 and a public smoking ban in 2004. Recycling in Ireland is carried out extensively and Ireland has the second highest rate of packaging recycling in the European Union.【参考译文】爱尔兰是西欧主权国家，面积占爱尔兰岛的5/6，仅与北爱尔兰接壤。

英语翻译资格三级笔译真题

英语翻译资格三级笔译真题11月英语翻译资格三级笔译真题（网友版）三级笔译：《三级笔译实务》1. 英译汉：文章来源为美国国务院网站，原文标题为：Beaverton: Oregon’s Most Diverse CityStroll through the farmers’market and you will hear a plethora of languages and see a rainbow of faces. Drive down Canyon Road and stop for halal meat or Filipino pork belly at adjacent markets. Along the highway, browse the aisles of a giant Asian supermarket stocking fresh napa cabbage and mizuna or fresh kimchi. Head toward downtown and you’ll see loncheras —taco trucks —on street corners and hear Spanish bandamusic. On the city’s northern edge, you can sample Indian chaat. Welcome to Beaverton, a Portland suburb that is home to Oregon’s fastest growing immigrant popul ation. Once a rural community, Beaverton, population 87,000, is now the sixth largest city in Oregon —with immigration rates higher than those of Portland, Oregon’s largest city.Best known as the world headquarters for athletic shoe company Nike, Beaverton has changed dramatically over the past 40 years. Settled by immigrants from northern Europe in the 19th century, today it is a place where 80 languages from Albanian to Urdu are spoken in the public schools and about 30 percent of students speak a language besides English, according to English as a Second Language program director Wei Wei Lou.Beaverton’s wave of new residents began arriving in the 1960s, with Koreans and Tejanos (Texans of Mexican origin), who were the first permanent Latinos. In 1960, Beaverton’spopulation of Latinos and Asians was less than 0.3 percent. By 2000,Beaverton had proportionately more Asian and Hispanic residents than the Portland metro area. Today, Asians comprise 10 percent and Hispanics 11 percent of Beaverton’s populat ion.Mayor Denny Doyle says that many in Beaverton view the immigrants who are rapidly reshaping Beaverton as a source of enrichment. “Citizens here especially in the arts and culture community think it’s fantastic that we have all these different possibil itiees here,” he says.Gloria Vargas, 50, a Salvadoran immigrant, owns a popular small restaurant, Gloria’s Secret Café, in downtown Beaverton. “I love Beaverton,” she says. “I feel like I belong here.” Her mother moved her to Los Angeles as a teenager in 1973, and she moved Oregon in 1979. She landed a coveted vendor spot in the Beaverton Farmers Market in 1999. Now in addition to running her restaurant, she has one of the most popular stalls there, selling up to 200 Salvadoran tamales —wrapped in banana leaves rather than corn husks —each Saturday. “Once they buy my food, they alw ays come back for more,” she says.“It’s pretty relaxed here,” says Taj Suleyman, 28, born and raised in Lebanon, and recently transplanted to Beaverton to start a job working with immigrants from many countries. Half Middle Eastern and half African, Suleyman says he was attracted to Beaverton specifically because of its diversity. He serves on a city-sponsored Diversity Task Force set up by Mayor Doyle.Mohammed Haque, originally from Bangladesh, finds Beaverton very welcoming. His daughter, he boasts, was even elected her high school’s homecoming queen.South Asians such as Haque have transformed Bethany, aneighborhood north of Beaverton. It is dense with immigrants from Gujarat, a state in India and primarysource for the first wave of Beaverton’s South Asian immigrants.The first wave of South Asian immigrants to Beaverton, mostly Gujaratis from India, arrived in the 1960s and 1970s, when the motel and hotel industry was booming. Many bought small hotels and originally settled in Portland, and then relocated to Beaverton for better schools and bigger yards. The second wave of South Asians arrived during the high-tech boom of the 1980s, when the software industry, and Intel and Tektronix, really took off.Many of Beaverton’s Asians converge at Uwajimaya, a 30,000-square-foot supermarket near central Beaverton. Bernie Capell, former specialevents coordinator at Uwajimaya, says that many come to shop for fresh produce every day. But the biggest group of shoppers at Uwajimaya, she adds, are Caucasians.Beaverton’s Asian population boasts a sizable number of Koreans, who began to arrive in the late 1960s and early 1970s.According to T ed Chung, a native of Korea and Beaverton resident since 1978, three things stand out about his fellow Korean immigrants. Upon moving to Beaverton, they join a Christian church —often Methodist or Presbyterian —as a gathering place; they push their children to excel in school; and they shun the spotlight.Chung says he and his fellow Korean émigrés work hard as small businessmen —owning groceries, dry cleaners, laundromats, delis, and sushi shops — and are frugal so they can send their children to a leading university.Most recently, immigrants from Central and South America,as well as refugees from Iraq and Somalia, have joined the Beaverton community.Many Beaverton organizations help immigrants.The Beaverton Resource Center helps all immigrants with health and literacy services.The Somali Family Education Center helps Somalis and other African refugees to get settl ed. And one Beaverton elementary school even came up with the idea of a “sew in”—parents of students sewing together —to welcome Somali Bantu parents and bridge major cultural differences.Historically white churches, such as Beaverton First United Methodist Church, offer immigration ministries. And Beaverton churches of all denominations host Korean- or Spanish-language services.Beaverton’s Mayor Doyle wants refugee and immigrant leaders to participate in the town’s decision-making. He set up a Divers ity Task Force whose mission is “to build inclusive and equitable communities in the City of Beaverton.” The task force is working to create a multicultural community center for Beavertonians of all backgrounds.The resources and warm welcome that Beaverton gives immigrants are reciprocated in the affection that many express for their new home.Kaltun Caynan, 40, a Somali woman who came to Beaverton in 2001 fleeing civil war, is an outreach coordinator for the Somali Family Education Center. “I like it so much,” she said, cheerfully. “Nobody discriminate[s against] me, everybody smiling at me.”参考译文：漫步走过农贸市场，你会听到各种语言，见到各式各样的面孔。

全国翻译专业资格(水平)考试英语三级笔译实务章节题库-汉译英【打印版】【圣才出品】

第2章汉译英社会热点类公务员考试难度增大近几年掀起的“公务员热”使国家公务员考试成为中国竞争最激烈的考试之一。

自1995年国家公务员考试推行以来，报考公务员日渐升温，这两年更是热得发烫。

到现在，我国公务员人数达600万。

《中国青年报》和腾讯网联合开展的一项最新在线调查显示；73％以上的年轻人愿意当公务员。

在17，330名调查对象中，约83％的人说，他们主要看重公务员工作稳定，医疗和养老都有保障。

此外，55％的人说，当公务员能获得“切实利益”。

去年，近100万人报考了国家公务员，而最后只有l万多人被录用。

今年，“公务员热”继续升温。

据《中国青年报》报道，由于10月16日晚报名人数太多，国家公务员报名网站不得不暂停运转，进行系统维护。

通常情况下，很多职位都出现“几百人抢一个”的情况。

如，今年中央办公厅秘书处的5个职位就吸引了3,880个人报考。

报道说，总体上是50人“抢”一个职位。

国家公务员之所以如此有诱惑力，不仅是因为收入稳定、医疗有保障，风险小、权力大、实惠多也是其中的重要原因。

【参考译文】Civil Service Exam Turns TougherIn recent years,the huge thirst for jobs in the civil service has made the national civil servant exam one of China’s most competitive tests.The first exam was held in1995and since then more and more people havesigned up for it,with applications reaching a peak over the last two years.Now, there are6million public servants in China.The latest online survey,carried out by China Youth Daily and , found that more than73per cent of young people want to work as civil servants.Of the17,330respondents,about83per cent said they were mainly attracted by the job’s stability,guaranteed health care and pension.Meanwhile,55per cent said it could bring"practical profits."Nearly1million people applied to take the exam last year,yet only just over 10,000were finally employed.This year the stiff competition continued China Youth Daily reported that the national public servant application site was forced to close temporarily for maintenance due to unusually high traffic on the night of October.In a typical year several hundred applicants will apply for one job listed.For example,the five job vacancies provided by the Secretariat of the Central Committee of the Party have this year attracted more than3,880applicants.In general,the exam means50people competing for one post,the report said.Positions as civil servants are attractive，not only because of the stable income and good health care,but also because of the low risks compared with the power and resources the positions enjoy.“考研热”为何“降温”?1月21日全国研究生入学考试结束后，新华网等几个有影响力的网站上刊登的一篇文章中说：“今年研究生入学考试的报名人数增幅回落，这一转折意味着未来大学毕业生对于读研的兴趣将逐渐减退。

全国翻译专业资格(水平)考试英语三级笔译综合能力题库-历年真题【圣才出品】

第一部分历年真题英语三级笔译综合能力真题及详解（一）Section1Vocabulary and Grammar(25points)This section consists of3parts.Read the directions for each part before answering the questions.The time for this section is25minutes.Part1Vocabulary SelectionIn this part,there are20incomplete sentences.Below each sentence,there are 4choices marked by letters A,B,C and D respectively.Choose the word which best completes each sentence.There is only ONE right answer.Blacken the corresponding letter as required on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.1.Being color-blind,the school girl cannot make a_____between red and green.parisonB.divisionC.distinctionD.difference【答案】C【解析】句意:因为色盲，那个女生不能区分红色和绿色。

distinction意为“区别；差别”，make a distinction between是固定搭配，意为“(在…之间)加以区别，指出(…之间)的不同”，故C项为答案。

make a comparison between进行比较。

division分割；分歧；部门。

make a difference有影响，有关系。

三级笔译模拟试题及答案

三级笔译模拟试题及答案一、词汇翻译（共20分，每题1分）1. 请将下列中文词汇翻译成英文：- 可持续发展- 人工智能- 国际贸易- 一带一路- 绿色经济2. 请将下列英文词汇翻译成中文：- Sustainable development- Artificial intelligence- International trade- Belt and Road Initiative- Green economy二、句子翻译（共40分，每题4分）1. 中译英：- 随着科技的不断进步，我们的生活变得更加便捷。

- 教育是提高一个国家整体素质的关键。

2. 英译中：- With the continuous advancement of technology, our lives have become more convenient.- Education is the key to improving the overall quality of a nation.三、段落翻译（共40分，每题20分）1. 中译英：- 当今世界，经济全球化已经成为不可逆转的趋势。

各国之间的贸易和投资日益频繁，文化交流也日益密切。

然而，全球化也带来了一些挑战，如环境问题、贫富差距等。

2. 英译中：- In today's world, economic globalization has become an irreversible trend. Trade and investment between countriesare becoming increasingly frequent, and cultural exchangesare also becoming closer. However, globalization has also brought some challenges, such as environmental issues and the wealth gap.四、翻译实践（共100分，每题50分）1. 中译英：- 随着互联网技术的飞速发展，电子商务已经成为现代经济的重要组成部分。

翻译资格考试三级笔译真题

2006年5月翻译资格考试三级笔译真题第一部分英译汉Freed by warming, waters once locked beneath ice are gnawing at coastal settlements around the Arctic Circle.In Bykovsky, a village of 457 on Russia's northeast coast, the shoreline is collapsing, creeping closer and closer to houses and tanks of heating oil, at a rate of 15 to 18 feet a year."It is practically all ice - permafrost - and it is thawing." For the four million people who live north of the Arctic Circle, a changing climate presents new opportunities. But it also threatens their environment, their homes and, for those whose traditions rely on the ice-bound wilderness, the preservation of their culture.A push to develop the North, quickened by the melting of the Arctic seas, carries its own rewards and dangers for people in the region. The discovery of vast petroleum fields in the Barents and Kara Seas has raised fears of catastrophic accidents as ships loaded with oil and, soon, liquefied gas churn through the fisheries off Scandinavia, headed to markets in Europe and North America. Land that was untouched could be tainted by pollution as generators, smokestacks and large vehicles sprout to support the growing energy industry.Coastal erosion is a problem in Alaska as well, forcing the United States to prepare to relocate several Inuit villages at a projected cost of $100 million or more for each one.Across the Arctic, indigenous tribes with traditions shaped by centuries of living in extremes of cold and ice are noticing changes in weather and wildlife. They are trying to adapt, but it can be confounding.In Finnmark, Norway's northernmost province, the Arctic landscape unfolds in late winter as an endless snowy plateau, silent but for the cries of the reindeer and the occasional whine of a snowmobile herding them.A changing Arctic is felt there, too. "The reindeer are becoming unhappy," said Issat Eira, a 31-year-old reindeer herder.Few countries rival Norway when it comes to protecting the environment and preserving indigenous customs. The state has lavished its oil wealth on the region, and Sami culture has enjoyed something of a renaissance.And yet no amount of government support can convince Mr. Eira that his livelihood, intractably entwined with the reindeer, is not about to change. Like a Texas cattleman, he keeps the size of his herd secret. But he said warmer temperatures in fall and spring were melting the top layers of snow, which then refreeze as ice, making it harder for his reindeer to dig through to the lichen they eat."The people who are making the decisions, they are living in the south and they are living in towns," said Mr. Eira, sitting inside his home made of reindeer hides. "They don't mark the change of weather. It is only people who live in nature and get resources from nature who mark it."A push to develop the North, quickened by the melting of the Arctic seas, carries its own rewards and dangers for people in the region. The discovery of vast petroleum fields in the Barents and Kara Seas has raised fears of catastrophic accidents as ships loaded with oil and, soon, liquefied gas churn through the fisheries off Scandinavia, headed to markets in Europe and North America. Land that was untouched could be tainted by pollution as generators, smokestacks and large vehicles sprout to support the growing energy industry.第二部分：汉译英维护世界和平，促进共同发展，谋求合作共赢，是各国人民的共同愿望，也是不可抗拒的当今时代潮流。

翻译考试三级笔译真题汉译英

翻译考试三级笔译真题汉译英2017年翻译考试三级笔译真题汉译英Energy and persistence conquer all things.以下是店铺为大家搜索整理的2017年翻译考试三级笔译真题汉译英，希望能给大家带来帮助!10年来，中国经济发展实现了新的跨越，对世界经济增长的贡献日益增大。

10年来，中国平均关税水平从15.3%降至9.8%，达到并超过了世贸组织对发展中国家的要求。

10年来，中国总计从海外进口达8.5万亿美元，为各国发展提供了广阔市场。

中国经济社会发展的总体形势是好的.。

今年以来，在世界经济形势依然复杂多变的情况下，中国有针对性地加强和改善宏观调控，着力稳物价、调结构、保民生、促和谐，经济增长由政策刺激向自主增长有序转变，国民经济继续朝着宏观调控的预期方向发展。

为了巩固经济社会发展良好势头，我们将坚持以科学发展为主题、以加快转变经济发展方式为主线，继续加强和改善宏观调控，继续处理好保持经济平稳较快发展、调整经济结构、管理通胀预期的关系，更加注重以人为本，更加注重全面协调可持续发展，更加注重统筹兼顾，更加注重改革开放，更加注重保障和改善民生。

中国经济发展的前景是光明的。

中国经济保持平稳较快发展，对世界经济发展无疑将是有利的。

In the past ten years, China's economy has made significant advance and its contribution to world economic growth has been growing. China's average tariff level has dropped from 15.3 percent to 9.8 percent, which is lower than the WTO requirement for developing countries. Its total imports in this period have reached 8.5 trillion U.S. dollars, creating a huge market for other countries.In the face of the complex and volatile global economic environment, China has taken targeted measures this year tostrengthen and improve macro control, with focus on stabilizing prices, adjusting the economic structure, ensuring people's well-being, and promoting harmony. The Chinese economy is driven more by its internal dynamism than policy stimulus. And it is moving in the direction consistent with the objectives of macro control.To sustain the sound momentum of China's economic and social development, we will continue to pursue development in a scientific way and redouble efforts to shift the growth model. We will continue to strengthen and improve macro control, and maintain a balance between achieving steady and fast economic growth, adjusting the economic structure and managing inflation expectation. Putting people's interests first and taking a holistic approach to development, we will work harder to achieve all-round, balanced and sustainable development, deepen reform and opening-up, and improve people's well-being. we will have a bright prospect for the Chinese economy. And continued steady and fast economic growth in China will serve the interest of global economic growth.下载全文。

英语三级口译证书考试真题及参考译文

2009年5月NAETI英语三级口译证书考试真题及参考译文（第一部分）Part 1In this part you are going to hear an interview by an American reporter with Mr.Zhang, a CEO of a very successful Chinese company in China. Please interpret what the reporter says into Chinese and Mr.Zhang's reply into English.Report: Mr.Zhang, what was your first job, and what did you learn from it?//Mr.Zhang: 我在一家进出口公司当司机。

这让我有机会仔细观察公司如何运作和提升。

我开始有了一些想法，怎么样自己来经营这样一家公司。

//Report: Was there anyone who taught you important business lessons? //Mr.Zhang: 从来也没有什么人教过我。

那时候，我们国家还很落后，根本就没有什么培训之类的。

我们都是一边干一边学。

//Report: Do you have an particular management philosophy?//Mr.Zhang: 我认为首先得有明确的目标。

我们公司分成几个部门，每个部门都有一位专家挂帅。

同时我们鼓励创新思维，并不是完全是由顶头上司一个人说了算。

//Report: What is the benefit of this for your business?//Mr.Zhang: 这样就保证了下面直接开展业务的人员对于自己的业务有决策权，效率更高。

//Report: What were the toughest decisions you 've had to make?//Mr.Zhang: 经常是和用人有关的。

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英语三级笔译证书考试汉译英真题精选（24篇）及参考译文Passage 1“限车令”矛头直指数量庞大的私家车。

北京通过摇号的方式控制新车数量，但首月摇号的申请人数高达21万。

而上海曾试图通过车牌拍卖控制车数，但许多人跑到杭州、苏州上牌。

很多消费者认为，在公共交通不发达的时候，贸然限车不是特别实际的做法。

交通拥堵的根本原因在于城市交通建设跟不上发展，只是针对私车制定交通管理措施，很难取得实际效果。

随着城市的快速外扩，很多人不得不住到离城区很远的地方，目前这些地方的公共交通还不发达，这是私家车快速扩张的原因之一。

因此，大力发展城市公共交通才是解决交通拥堵问题最有效的途径。

(2011年5月试题) 参考译文“Car Restriction”aims at the large number of private cars. Beijing now tries to control the number of new cars by means of drawing lots, but the number of applicants in the first month reached 210，000. Shanghai has tried to enforce the restriction through auction of car plates, but many Shanghai people got their plates from Hangzhou and Suzhou. A lot of consumers believe that it is not practical to rashly control the number of cars as public transportation is underdeveloped. The root cause of traffic jam lies in the fact that urban transportation construction cannot keep up with the times. It will be fruitless to take traffic control measuresconcerning private cars only.With the rapid expansion of cities, many people have to live in the suburbs far away from the centre of the city, but public transportation in the suburbs is not yet developed, which is one of the causes behind the rapid increase of private cars. Therefore, the most effective solution to congestion is to vigorously develop public transportation in cities.Passage 2嫦娥的故事2010年10月1日我国成功发射“嫦娥二号”卫星，直接将其送入地月转移轨道，为无人月球车*登月，乃至中国宇航员登陆打下了基础。

中国命名系列探月卫星为“嫦娥号”是因为关于嫦娥的传说包含着人类登月的理想。

据说远古时代，天上有十个太阳，大地被晒得焦枯，民不聊生。

一个叫后羿的力士登上昆仑山，用箭射落了九个太阳。

为此西天王母娘娘送了他一包服后能立即成仙登天的仙药**。

后羿把仙药交给美丽的妻子嫦娥保管。

一天，后羿的朋友蓬蒙趁后羿外出来到后羿家，用剑强逼嫦娥交出药，情急之下嫦娥把药吞下，身体立即变轻，然后飘向空中，一直升到了月宫。

*月球车：lunar rover vehicle**仙药：elixir(2011年5月试题) 参考译文On October l, 2010, China successfully launched satellite Chang’e II and sent it directly onto the earth moon transit orbit, preparing the way for sending the lunarrover vehicle and then the Chinese astronauts onto the moon.China names its series of moon exploration satellites as “Chang’e”because the legend of Chang’e embodies man’s dream to fly to the moon. It was said there had been ten suns in remote antiquity. So the earth was scotched and people lived in dire misery. A man of unusual strength with the name of Hou Yi climbed onto the Kunlun Mountains and shot down nine suns with his bow. Queen Mother of the Western Heaven gave him a small pack of elixir, which would turn a man instantly into a celestial being who could ascend to heaven. Hou Yi entrusted the elixir to his beautiful wife Chang’e. One day when Hou Yi was away, Peng Meng, one of Hou Yi’s friends came to his home and used a sword to force Chang’s to give him the elixir. At the critical moment, Chang’e swallowed the elixir. Immediately she felt her body become very light and then ascended onto the moon.Passage 3中国的剪纸剪纸是中国传统手工艺艺术之一，它与纸张有着几乎同样悠久的历史。

据说汉朝纸张发明后不久，就有妇女用纸剪成各种花形图案贴在鬓角，作为一种装饰。

后来，有人在节日把剪纸贴在大门和窗户上，大家争相仿效，很快流传开来。

因为剪纸不用花多少钱就能带来节日的气氛，受到普通百姓的喜爱，逐渐发展成一门独特的艺术，主要在农村中流行，尤其受到不太出门的妇女们的喜爱，所以大多数剪纸艺术家都是女性。

她们用一把普通的剪刀就能把一张普通的红纸变成精美的作品，无论是花鸟还是人物，都栩栩如生，充分表达了她们对生活的热爱和向往。

(2010年11月试题) 参考译文Paper cutting is one of the art forms of traditional Chinese handcraft. It has a history almost as long as paper itself. It was said that not long after the invention of paper in the Han Dynasty, some women began to cut paper into different flowery patterns and pasted them on their temples as part of facial ornament. Later some people pasted such paper cuttings on their gates and windows during festivals. Soon others followed, and paper cutting spread far and wide. Paper cutting was very popular among the common people because it did not cost much but could create some festival atmosphere. As a result, it soon developed into a unique art, which was most popular in the countryside, especially liked by women, who seldom went out of their homes. That is why most paper cutting artists are women. With just a pair of scissors, they can cut an ordinary piece of red paper into fine paper cutting work. Everything they produce—flowers, birds, or people—is very lifelike and fully expresses their love and expectation of a good life.Passage 4从农民增收角度看，影响收入提高的因素无非在于：一是农民太多，二是农产品价格较低。

农民多，同样的收入平均分摊到每个农民身上也就很少；而农产品价格不高，从事农业耕作基本无利可图。

由此看来，要增加农民收入，也无非是减少农业人口和提高农产品的价格。

推进城市化能使大部分农民进城，进城则要解决就业、住房和社保。

就业既包括城市能否提供足够多的岗位，也包括农民自身的素质能否适应岗位的要求。

从目前看，只有城市第二、三产业，尤其服务业的大发展，才能容纳足够多的农业劳动力。

但是当前很多城市政策直接阻碍服务业发展。

(2010年11月试题) 参考译文There are but two factors affecting the increase of farmers’income: first, the large size of rural population, and second, the low prices of farm produce. The large rural population means that for the same amount of income, each one of them gets only a limited share. And the low price of farm produce results in little margin of profit from farming. Therefore, to increase farmers’income, farming population should be reduced and the prices of farm produce should be raised.Further urbanization will bring more farmers to live in cities, which, however, requires sufficient employment, housing and social security. There are two issues concerning employment：whether cities can provide enough job opportunities and whether the farmers are adaptable enough to take on the new jobs. The current situation tells US that only by greatly developing secondary and tertiary industries can the city accommodate the large number of former farming laborers. The problem is, however, that current policies in many cities directly hinder the development of service industriesPassage 5森林里住着三只蜥蜴*，觉得身体和周围的环境大不相同，没有安全感。