unit语法---现在分词做状语以及最新高考题
新人教版高中英语必修三Unit2Morals and Virtues单元语法讲解及试题
Unit2 Morals and Virtues重点1动词-ing形式（现在分词）作宾语补足语①The new People’s Republic of China saw Dr Lin Qiaozhi playing a key role. 中华人民共和国成立后，林巧稚医生发挥了重要的作用。
（playing...作宾语补足语）①I saw her whispering something into her ear, obviously not wanting to be heard.我看见她在他耳边悄声说了些什么，显然是不想被听见。
（whispering...作宾语补足语）①现在分词作宾语补足语时，宾语往往是其逻辑主语，其与宾语存在逻辑上的主动关系，表示动作正在进行，强调过程或一种状态。
They use computers to keep the traffic running smoothly.他们利用电脑让交通顺畅。
①当“动词＋宾语＋宾补”结构转换为被动结构时，原来作宾语补足语的现在分词便转换为主语补足语。
A cook will be immediately fired if he is found smoking in the kitchen.如果厨师被发现在厨房吸烟，他会被立即开除。
（smoking作主语补足语）3能用现在分词作宾语补足语的几类动词（短语）（1）表示感觉、感官或意愿的动词（短语），常见的有see、hear、feel、find、notice、observe、watch、look at、listen to、wish、want等。
One day, when she was five years old,Hanna hand her mother saw a man eating out of a garbage can.汉娜五岁时，有一天她和妈妈看到一个人从垃圾箱中翻找东西吃。
选修6unit5语法解析
old friend of hers. 3. When autumn comes, swallows go to the south.
A__u_t_u_m__n_ __c_o_m__in__g, swallows go to the south.
尽管尝试了多次，但他仍未成功。
Working very hard, he didn’t feel a bit tired.
尽管拼命地工作，他却丝毫不感到疲劳。
6.作条件状语，表示一种假设情况，相当于一个 条件状语从句。
Using your head, you will find a way.
(=If you use your head, you will find a way.) 7.作评论性状语（悬垂结构） 作为句子的独立成分来修饰全句，表明说话者的
4.作结果状语 表示必然的结果，通常放在主句后面中间用
逗号隔开，有时为了突出结果，分词前加thus。
Her husband died, leaving her four children. 5.作让步状语，相当于一个让步状语从句
Having tried many times, he still couldn’t succeed.
三、使用- ing形式作状语需注意的几个问题 1. 分词 (短语) 作状语时, 其逻辑主语必须与句子 的主语一致。如果不一致, 必须用独立主格结构来 表示, 也就是在分词前面加上它的逻辑主语。
Finding her car stolen, she hurried to a policeman for help.
现在分词短语做状语
语法知识篇：作状语的现在分词短语现在分词短语可以用作状语，修饰句子中由谓语表示的主要动作。
这个状语可以表示动作发生的时间、原因、结果、条件、方式或表示主要动作发生的伴随情况，通常相当于一个状语从句或并列分句。
一般说来，这种结构的逻辑主语就是句子的主语。
下面分述如下：一、作时间状语如果现在分词的动作和主谓语的动作同时发生，分词用一般式，有时其前可以加上连词while或when。
例如：①Hearing the news，they all jumped with joy.(＝When they heard the news，they...)听到这个消息时，他们都高兴得跳了起来。
②Walking slowly across the grass，he pointed the gun at the lion and fired.他慢慢地走过草地，把枪对准狮子就射击了。
③One day，while walking along the sands towards his boat，Crusoe saw in the sand the mark of a man's foot.有一天，克鲁索沿着沙滩走向他的船时，在沙子里看见一个人的脚印。
如果现在分词的动作结束之后，谓语动词的动作才发生，现在分词应用完成式。
这时分词所表示的动作有一定的持续性。
如果用一般式就会给人感觉到似乎是"某人在做某事时就开始做某事"，容易产生误解。
但是，如果现在分词是hear，see等表示感官的动词或是leave，arrive，turn，open等表示位置转换或情况改变的动词，现在分词所表示的动作发生后，主句的动作往往紧接着发生，那就不必用完成式，仍用一般式。
例如：①Having watered the flowers(＝After／When he had watered the flowers)，he began to cut the grass.他把花浇好后，开始割草。
必修四-Unit4 现在分词作状语
While he was waiting for the bus, he
read a copy of China Daily.
◆ 合作归纳：V-ing做____时__间___状语，可以 转换成____时__间__状___语__从句。
小试牛刀：（1、2转换句子）
◆ 1.When I saw the picture, I couldn’t help thinking of my childhood.
under the big tree.
宾语
3. Her job is
_ta_k_i_n_g__c_a_r_表e__o语_f_（t_h_e动__b名_a_b词__ie）_s__(照顾婴儿）。 4. The story isin_t_e_r_e_s_t_i_n_g__(有趣的表)。语（现在分词）
5. How can you keep her _w__a_i_ti_n_g(等待) in
◆ 3. ________ your homework, you mustn’t
listen to music.
◆ A. When do
B. When to do
◆ C. When doing D. When you doing
Task2 观察例句：
◆ 1.Being ill, he didn’t go to school.
___补__充__说__明____。
1.他们笑着谈着走进了教室。
_L_a_u_g_h_i_n_g__a_n_d_t_a_lk_i_n_g_ , they went into the classroom. (They __la_u_g_h__e_d and _t_a_lk_e_d____, and they went into the classroom.)
专题18 现在分词用法50题 (思维导图+高考真题+时政科技类阅读)(解析版)
专题18 现在分词用法50题---2022年高考英语第一轮复习小题狂练（解析版）【现在分词思维导图】【现在分词高考考查动向】动向一、现在分词短语作定语用法动向二、现在分词短语作状语用法动向三、现在分词短语作宾语补足语用法【小题狂练一】在空白处填1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. (2021•新高考全国卷)Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure that offers a place where you can sit down to rest your ___________ (ache) legs.2. (2021•天津卷改编)China's National Highway 318, ___________ (extend) over 5,000 kilometers from Shanghai to Zhangmu, Tibet, is known as the "heavenly road“for its amazing views.3. (2021•浙江卷)This may be due to some disadvantages for people ___________ (live) in the countryside, including lower levels of income and education, higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer sports facilities.4. (2020•全国II卷)They represent the earth ___________ (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.5. (2020•全国III卷)And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds __________ (surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears.6. (2020•浙江卷) Later, they learned to work with the seasons, planting at the right time and, in dry areas, ___________ (make)use of annual floods to irrigate(灌溉)their fields.7. (2020•全国III卷)On the last day of our week-long stay, we were invited to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars, ___________(listen)to musicians and meeting interesting locals.8. (2019•全国II卷)When we got a call ___________ (say)she was short-listed，we thought it was a joke.9. (2019•北京卷)Nervously ___________ (face) challenges, I know I will whisper to myself the two simple words “Be yourself”.10. (2018•江苏卷改编)Around 13,500 new jobs were created during the period, ________(exceed) the expected number of 12,000 held by market analysts.11. There was a large crowd in the square, ______________ (protest) against the war.12. With the College Entrance Examination___________ (approach), all the students are busy preparing for it.13. With the time for graduation ___________ (approach), we are busy with our papers.14. Those ___________ (view) the quality of Abbot Hall’s temporary exhibitions may be forgiven for thinking they are in a city gallery.15. After the meal, she placed a little box ___________ (contain) an old pen in my hand.16. We can see clearly on cloudy days with the lights ___________ (burn).17. There ________ (be) no light, we had to feel our way in the dark.18. The child slipped and fell, ________ (hit) his head against the door.19. There is mud and water everywhere, ________ (make) it difficult to travel from place to place.20. He stood up, ________ (signal) to the police officer that he had finished talking with his client.21. He stopped at the turning fork, ___________ (hesitate) about which way to go.22. After a day's work, people went out of the office, ___________(enjoy) themselves in the sunshine.23. It hasn’t rained for a month, ___________ (make) the crops hard to grow.24. He seemed to hear someone ___________ (whisper) in his ear "You can let her do as she likes'.25. At the railway station, they all stood on the platform, ___________ (wave) goodbye to me until the train was out of sight.26. Jill was sitting on the floor ___________ (surround) by boxes.27. The police will come soon to take away the ___________ (damage) car.28. Standing on the top of the mountain is an ancient tower __________(date) back to two hundred years ago.29. ___________ (injure) in the leg makes it impossible for me to walk as fast as usual.30. Families will enjoy a big dinner with mooncakes on Mid-autumn Day, ___________(admire)the moon together.31. The park was full of people, ___________ (enjoy) themselves in the sunshine.32. Today, there are over 4,000 people in London __________(wait) for such pieces of land.33. I’m so sorry to have kept you ____________ (wait) for half an hour.34. The girl ___________ (stand) under the tree is really charming.35. ___________(take) all the things into consideration, our headmaster decided to reform from top to bottom.（take）36. ___________ (carry) a book in his hand, Mr Wang stood at the door of the classroom.37. ___________ (glance) at the clock on the wall, Alice found that she was late.38. The train was caught in heavy snow, thus __________ (cause) the delay.39. ___________（occupy）himself with routine tasks, he had no time to accompany his children.40. He has a variety of interests, ________(range)from hiking to diving.41. The disease is spreading quickly, __________(cause) hundreds of deaths.42. Memories came _______ (crowd) into her mind.43. _________(adopt) the teacher’s advice, the boy solved the problem easily.44. For most of the day he can still be found ____________(work) somewhere in the plant.45. ________(think) of all the people still in need of help, Dr Lin opened a private clinic.46. After years of hard-work, we were able to buy our first house, ___________(measure) 80 square meters.47. You go ahead, and I’ll catch up on some sports news while ___________ (wait).48. (eat) at the cafeteria before, Tina didn’t want to eat there again.49. (ask) to work overtime that evening, I missed a wonderful film.50. (translate) into many languages, the story is well known all over the world.【答案】1.aching 2. extending 3. living 4. coming 5. surrounding 6. making 7. listening 8. saying 9. facing 10. exceeding 11.protesting 12.approaching 13.approaching 14.viewing 15.containing 16.burning 17.being 18.hitting 19.making 20.signalling 21.hesitating 22.enjoying 23.making 24.whispering 25.waving 26.surrounded 27.damaged 28.dating 29.Being injured 30.admiring 31.enjoying 32.waiting 33.waiting 34.standing 35.Taking 36.Carrying 37.Glancing 38.causing 39.Occupying 40.ranging 41.causing 42.crowding 43.Adopting 44.working 45.Thinking 46.measuring 47.waiting 48.Having eaten 49.Having been asked 50.Having been translated【小题狂练二】下列各句均有一处错误，请指出并纠正。
unit9-10 分词作定语及状语
不及物动词的过去分词只有“完成”含义或表示状态，而不表示被
the fallen leaves 落叶（已经落到地面的）
复习练习二:
分词做表语,定语,宾补用法
运用现在分词或过去分词完整句子
1. 表语:（为补充内容）
她现在好累.
这工作累人.
She is very tired .
building the house The people are my friend The house built last year will be pulled down.
The house being built will be a store. *分词短语作定语可改成( 定语从句 )
*The people (who are )building the house are my friends. *The house( which was )built last yearwill be pulled down. *The house( which is )being built will be a store.
*现在分词所表示的动作由句子的主语发出
=When we stand at the top of the hill, we can see Shiyan Town.
2.Seen from the top of the hill, we can
see Shiyan Town.
(× )
1.Seen from the top of the hill, Shiyan Town can be seen clearly.
3.Moved deeply by what he said, so he decided to help the poor girl.(×)
【资料】高一英语必修4-unit-4-body-language-语法-现在分词作定语状语汇编
4. 做让步状语
V-ing做让步状语时，相当于一个让步 状语从句，有时V-ing可带有连词 although, whether, even if, even though。
Knowing all this, I still want to see it for myself.
=Although I know all this, I still want to see it for myself.
into tears.
2. 做原因状语
V-ing做原因状语，相当于一个原因状语从句， 同时可以转化为一个原因状语从句。
Not knowing her address, I might as well as telephone her to come over. = Because/ Since I didn't know her address, I might as well as telephone her to come over. 由于不知道她的地址，我只好打电话让她过来。
高一英语必修4-unit-4-bodylanguage-语法-现在分词作定
语状语
• The music is exciting. V-ing做表语
• China is a developing country. V-ing做定语
• The teacher came in smiling. V-ing做状语
• We heard her singing in her room. V-ing做宾语补足语
V-ing形式做定语
现在分词及其短语可以在句子中作定 语，其作用相当于一个定语从句。其 动作和谓语动词同时发生，与其修饰 词之间是主动关系，也就是说现在分 词的动作就是它修饰的那个词的动作。
05必修三Unit1语法语法ing分词作定语和表语
05 必修三Unit 1 语法：语法精讲精练动词ing形式作定语和表语一、动词ing形式作定语1. 表示名词的某种性能或用途，通常可以改为for短语。
如：the reading room = the room for reading阅览室。
再比如：reading materials阅读材料；a shopping bag购物袋；an operating table手术台；a washing machine 洗衣机等。
We are not allowed to speak aloud in the reading room.阅览室里不准我们大声说话。
If you really want to smoke, you may go to the smoking room.如果你确实想吸烟，可以去吸烟室。
2. 现在分词做定语时，它和所修饰的词是逻辑上的主动关系，表示所修饰的名词的动作或状态，可以转换成对应的定语从句。
如the sleeping child = the child who is sleeping。
当动词ing形式单独作定语时，放在所修饰的名词之前；如果作定语的动词ing形式是一个短语，则放在该名词之后。
动词ing形式一般式的被动语态（being done）作定语表示某动作正在被进行；动词ing形式完成式（having done）作定语表示该动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。
In the following years, she worked even harder.在接下来的几年中，她学习更努力了。
Make less noise. There’s a sleeping child.少弄出点噪音，有个孩子在睡觉。
The manager, having made it clear to us that he didn’t agree with us, left the meeting room.经理向我们表明他不同意我们的意见后，离开了会议室。
03Unit3单元语法多题型练(现在分词作定语状语和宾语补足语)(译林版2020)
Unit 3 The world online (译林版2020必修第三册)单元语法多题型综合练(不定式做定语和结果状语)Ⅰ. 单句语法填空1.(2024上·重庆·高一重庆十八中校联考期末)It’s obvious that there are currently more people ________(apply) for each job.【答案】applying【详解】考查非谓语动词。
句意：很明显，现在每个工作都有更多的人申请。
分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作后置定语修饰people，people和apply for为主动关系，所以为现在分词形式。
故填applying。
2. I like the movie ________(star) Tom Cruise.【答案】starring【详解】考查非谓语动词。
句意：我喜欢汤姆·克鲁斯主演的电影。
“(star) Tom Cruise”作后置定语修饰名词the movie，star(使主演；由……担任主角)是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语the movie之间是主动关系，用现在分词表主动。
故填starring。
3.(2024上·江苏连云港·高一校考专题练习)The store ________(feature) round the clock service is convenient for people to shop.【答案】featuring【详解】考查非谓语动词。
句意：这家商店提供全天候服务，方便人们购物。
分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作定语，使用非谓语动词，因与其逻辑主语The store之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，使用现在分词，故填featuring。
4. My friend posted a message on social media ________(say) she had a cold.【答案】saying【详解】考查现在分词。
现在分词作状语选修8unit5单元语法ppt课件
❖ 2. Working so hard, he failed again.
(Because) Being a teacher, you should … ❖ 5. If you work hard, you will succeed.
(If) Working hard, you will … ❖ 6. She threw the toy on the ground, so she
broke it into pieces. …, breaking it into pieces. ❖ 7. Because he had eaten too much, he couldn’t go to sleep. (Because ) Having eaten too much, …
经营者提供商品或者服务有欺诈行为 的，应 当按照 消费者 的要求 增加赔 偿其受 到的损 失，增 加赔偿 的金额 为消费 者购买 商品的 价款或 接受服 务的费 用
现在分词作状语
经营者提供商品或者服务有欺诈行为 的，应 当按照 消费者 的要求 增加赔 偿其受 到的损 失，增 加赔偿 的金额 为消费 者购买 商品的 价款或 接受服 务的费 用
Task1.学会判断非谓语动词
❖ 一、考一考 ❖ 判断下列句子里的动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词。 ❖ 1. He is teaching English. ❖ 2. His job is teaching English.
Unit4Stageandscreen现在分词作状语详解与练习(原卷版)
必修2 unit 4 现在分词作状语观察以下句子：①Seeing him run a red light, I was disappointed with his behavior.②Using the tool, the mechanic could fix the car.③Having read the article several times, he is very familiar with the story in the article!④I stood by the door, not saying anything.⑤Though working hard, he finally failed.⑥Being more patient, you will learn to master the skill.总结规律：(1)句①～⑥中现在分词的逻辑主语都是句子的________。
(2)句①中黑体部分作________状语；句②中黑体部分作________状语；句③中黑体部分作________状语。
(3)句④中黑体部分作________状语；句⑤中黑体部分作________状语；句⑥中黑体部分作________状语。
(4)句①②④⑤⑥中现在分词短语为一般式，表示动作与谓语动词________；句③中现在分词短语为完成式，表示动作发生在谓语动词________。
一、现在分词的形式二、现在分词作状语现在分词(或现在分词短语)在句中作状语，表示动作发生的时间、原因、条件、结果、让步、方式或伴随状况。
常常可以替换成相应的状语从句。
1．现在分词作时间状语时Looking out of the window, she saw a breathtaking view. (将现在分词作状语改写成状语从句)＝_____________________________________, she saw a breathtaking view.当她看向窗外时，她看见了令人惊叹的景色。
2023届高考英语一轮复习语法：现在分词作状语课件
现在分词作状语...
Practice 3.The secretary worked all night long, ____a long speech for the president.
A. to prepare preparing
B. preparing
C. preparedD. was NhomakorabeaB
4.____to hospital in time, the wounded soldiers were saved at last.
C
6.Many students entered the lecture hall, ____the professor.
A. following followed
B. followed
C. to follow
D. being
A
现在分词作状语...
Practice
7. ___for two days, Steve managed to finish his report on scheduled. A.To work B.Worked C.To be worked D.Having worked D
现在分词作状语...
Practice
8. I got to the office earlier that day,___the 7:30 train from Paddington.
A.caught B.to have caught C.to catch D.having caught. D
现在分词作状语...
Practice
9.Tony lent me the money,___that I'd do as much for him.
模块五unit2现在分词用法与高考题练习
模块五Unit 2 现在分词用法与高考题练习一、现在分词的各种形式及意义二、现在分词的句法功能1．作定语单个的现在分词充当前置定语，分词短语充当后置定语。
但是，完成式的现在分词不能用作定语。
The swimming boy is my elder brother．正在游泳的男孩是我的哥哥。
Tell the boys playing over there not to make any noise．告诉那边正在玩的男孩们不要制造噪。
2．作表语现在分词作表语，用来说明主语的性质和特征，相当于形容词，其主语通常是物。
一般跟在连系动词be，get，be，come，look，sound，feel，keep，remain，grow，seem，appear等后面。
The story sounds interesting．这个故事听起来很有趣。
The news was disappointing．这个消息令人失望。
【点津】动名词也可以作表语，此时主语和表语是对等关系，可以互换位置。
Your task is cleaning the windows．（=Cleaning the windows is your task．）你的任务是擦窗户。
3．作补足语(1) 现在分词可以在see，hear，notice，watch，feel，look at，listen to，observe，have，get，leave，keep，set，catch，find等动词(短语)后面作宾语补足语。
I noticed a man running out of the bank when I got off the car．我下车的时候注意到一个男人匆匆忙忙地从银行里跑出来。
(2) 上面这类句子也可变成被动语态，这时，现在分词可看成是主语补足语。
She was heard singing an English song yesterday．昨天有人听见她在唱英文歌曲。
新人教版高中英语必修三U2语法 现在分词(短语)作状语、宾补
必修三U2语法现在分词（短语）作状语一、基本用法观察Hearing the noise, I turned round.=When I heard the noise, I turned round.听到响声，我转过身去。
Being too young, he couldn’t join the army=Because he was too young, he couldn't join the army因为太年轻，他不能参军。
Working hard,you’ll succeed.=If you work hard, you’ll succeed.如果你努力工作,你会成功的。
Admitting what she said,I still think that she didn't try her best.=Although/Though/While I admit what she said, I still think that she didn’t try her best尽管承认她所说的话，但我仍然认为她没有尽最大的努力。
He walked down the river,singing softly to himself他沿着河流一边走,一边轻轻地唱。
Not having been invited to the party, she had to stay home由于没有被邀请参加晚会，她只好待在家里。
归纳(1)现在分词(短语)作状语所表示的动作往往和逻辑主语之间存在①______关系。
(2)现在分词(短语)作状语常常用来表示②______③______④______⑤______⑥______、结果等，往往可以和⑦______进行转换,一般不用作目的状语。
(3)现在分词(短语)作状语，其否定形式是在前面加⑧______。
二、注意事项观察Following the guide, we walked through the forest.跟着向导,我们穿过了森林。
现在分词做定语和状语课件+2023届高考英语一轮复习
Lots of rescue workers were working around the clock, supplies to Yushu, Qinghai Province after the earthquake.
In some languages,100 words make up half of all
words in daily conversations.
A. using
B. to use
B. C. having used
D. used
The witnesses by the police just now gave very different descriptions of the fight.
D. Having founded
________ warm at night, I would fill the woodstove,
then set my alarm clock for midnight so I could refill
it.
A. Staying
B. Stayed
C. To stay
解析：
Making it the popular sport in the world 为现 在分词短语作结果状语，这类分词短语常放在 句子的后面,v-ing表示顺其自然，不定式表示 突然，出乎意料。如：His parents died, leaving him an orphan. He rushed to the post office only to find it was closed.
高中英语-Unit5 grammar v-ing作状语 ying
Grammar
现在分词作状语
观察下面句子V-ing 在句子中的成分
1.Seeing is believing. 作主语，作表语 2.Would you mind switching the television
to Channel 8? 作宾语 3.The sleeping bag is over there.作定语 4.Working in the factory, he was an
It was at that moment that I realized something was wrong. _H_e_a_r_i_n_g_ (hear) a scream, I rushed downstairs only to see my hostess _ly_i_n_g_ (lie) unconscious on the floor, surrounded by her guests. She was shot.
5. You can complete the work ahead of time if _____(take) my advice.
6. _______(collect) all the necessary material, she began to write her report.
7. Autumn _____(come), swallows go to the south.
once, she feels frightened when _s_e_ei_n_g__
_a__sn__a_k_e_ (看到蛇).
Exercises
1. _____ the championship, he was awarded a million dollars.
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A. Having shown B. To be shown C. Having been shown D. To show
street时, I间saw
a
When I was walking in the street.
4). His father died, leaving the family even worse off. 结果
and this left the family even worse off
5) Four people entered the room looking
3. 一般被动式：being done Being criticised by the teacher, the boy hung his head.
4. 完成被动式：having been done
Having been praised for his job, Tom worked harder.
4.They are exciting .
5.The man running over there is our chairman
6. Coming late, the girl missed the train. 7.Hearing the news, he couldn’t help laughing. 8.Not knowing his telephone number, I couldn’t
2). Being poor, he couldn’t afford a TV set. (原因)
As we don’t know her address
Not knowing her address, we can’t get in touch with her.
3). Walking in the tailor’s shop.
表示时间, 原因, 结果, 条件, 方式,伴随----
If you use your head
1).Using your head, you’ll find a good way. 条件状语
Working hard, you’ll surely
succeed.
If you work hard
Because he was poor
(not) doing (not) being done
(not)
(not)
having done having been done
V-ing 形式做状语
1. 做时间状语 2. 做原因状语 3. 做条件状语 4. 做让步状语 5. 表示方式或伴随情况 6. 做结果状语 7. 评论性状语
around in a curious way.
伴随状语
= Four people entered the room and
looked around in a curious way.
6) Knowing all this ，I still want to see it for
myself.
让步
= Even though I know all this，I still want
get in touch with him. 9.The students ran out of the classroom, talking
and laughing. 10.Her husband died, leaving her four children. 11.Working hard, you’ll surely succeed
Not realizing…
现在分词作状语的几种形式
1. 一般形式：现在分词的动作和谓语动词
的动作同时发生用：doing Hearing the sad news, she burst into tears. 2. 完成式：当分词的动作先于谓语动词的
动作发生用分词的完成式：having done
Having finished the class, she went home.
to see it for myself.
评论性状语
有些惯用的V-ing 短语在句中可以 没有逻辑上的主语而独立存在，它们 往往作为句子的独立成分来修饰全句 ，表面说话者的态度观点等。我们称 这种状语为评论性状语或评注性状语 。
generally speaking 一般来说 judging from/ by 由...判断 considering 考虑到 seeing that 鉴于----Not knowing…
作状语的V-ing 形式和句子之间通常有一个逗号隔开，不能用并列 连词。
Studying hard, and you will pass the entrance examination to college.
Studying hard, you will pass the entrance examination to college. Study hard（,） and you will pass the entrance examination to college.
4. 独立主格结构： Spring coming on, the trees turned green. Her mother being ill, she had to look after her at home. Time permitting, we’ll visit the Great Wall.
V-ing做主语,宾语,补语,表语，定语和状语
1. Coming late for school is a bad habit.
2.We should avoid coming late for school.
3.The bad weather keeps the flight coming late.