loans
有用的金融术语翻译
有用的金融术语翻译financial markets 金融市场savings and loans 储蓄存款与借款credit unions 信用社mortgages 抵押贷款（指房屋，土地等）auto loans 汽车消费贷款certificates of deposit 存款单银行对存款人将资金存放于银行一定期间所发给的证明文件，可分为可转让定存单(Negotiable CD)与不可转让定存单(Non-negotiable)managerial finance 财务管理wave of mergers 合并风浪，公司或组织的合并Common equity 普通股Par value股票的面值Retained earnings保留盈餘資產負債表中股東權益重要項目之一，表示公司的獲利保留，未以股利方式配發，並將保留盈餘做為公司長期營運資金或固定投資的資金來源。
（又稱未分配盈餘、盈餘公積、累計盈餘或保留淨利）Additional paid-in capital 附加的缴入资本（属于所有者权益）Discounted securities折价证券Treasury bills 国库券Repurchase agreement重购回协定。
Repurchase Agreement。
指资产的卖方同意在某特定日期，以特定价格再买回其所卖出资产的协议。
...Federal funds 联邦资金Banker’s acceptance银行承兑Commercial paper商业票据Certificate of deposit存款单Negotiable CD 可转让存单Eurodollar deposit 欧元存款Money market mutual funds货币市场的开放式资金Term loan定期贷款Coupon rate 票面利率General obligation bond市政债券可分两大类: (1)一般信用担保债券(generalobligation bond): 并无与特别项目挂钩的市政债券,其本息的偿付来自发行当局的综合收入--主要为地方政府的各种税收;Debenture 公司债券Subordinated debenture subordinated debenture次位债券. 一种无担保债券，发行机构万一破产，求偿顺位低于其他债券。
银行专业术语金融英语(中英文对照)(20201101105652)
1. 现金业务：cash business2. 转账业务：transfer business3. 汇兑业务：currency exchange business4. 委托收款：commission receivables5. 发放贷款：loans6. 贷款收回：loan recovery7. 贷款展期：loan extension8. 办理银行汇票：apply for bank drafts9. 收息：interest10 托收：collection 其他相关：帐目编号account number 存户depositor 存款单pay-in slip 存款单 a deposit form 自动存取机 a banding machine 存款deposit 存款收据deposit receipt 私人存款private deposit 存单certificate deposit 存折deposit book 信用卡credit card 本金principal 透支overdrafts overdraw 双签 a counter sign 背书to endorse 背书人endorser 兑现to cash 兑付to honor a cheque 拒付to dishonor a cheque 止付to suspend payment 支票cheque ,check 支票本cheque book 记名支票order cheque 不记名支票bearer cheque 横线支票crossed cheque 空白支票blank cheque rubber cheque 空头支票cheque stub, counterfoil 票根cash cheque 现金支票traveler's cheque 旅行支票cheque for transfer 转帐支票outstanding cheque 未付支票canceled cheque 已付支票forged cheque 伪支票Bandar's note 庄票，银票banker 银行家president 行长savings bank 储蓄银行Chase Bank 大通银行National City Bank of New York 花旗银行Hongkong Shanghai Banking Corporation 汇丰银行Chartered Bank of India, Australia and China 麦加利银行Banque de I'IndoChine 东方汇理银行central bank, national bank, banker's bank 中央银行bank of issue, bank of circulation 发行币银行commercial bank 商业银行，储蓄信贷银行member bank, credit bank 储蓄信贷银行discount bank 贴现银行exchange bank 汇兑银行requesting bank 委托开证银行issuing bank, opening bank 开证银行advising bank, notifying bank 通知银行negotiation bank 议付银行confirming bank 保兑银行paying bank 付款银行associate banker of collection 代收银行consigned banker of collection 委托银行clearing bank 清算银行local bank 本地银行domestic bank 国内银行overseas bank 国外银行unincorporated bank 钱庄branch bank 银行分行trustee savings bank 信托储蓄银行trust company 信托公司financial trust 金融信托公司unit trust 信托投资公司trust institution 银行的信托部credit department 银行的信用部commercial credit company(discount company) 商业信贷公司(贴现公司) neighborhood savings bank, bank of deposit 街道储蓄所credit union 合作银行credit bureau 商业兴信所self-service bank 无人银行land bank 土地银行construction bank 建设银行industrial and commercial bank 工商银行bank of communications 交通银行mutual savings bank 互助储蓄银行post office savings bank 邮局储蓄银行mortgage bank, building society 抵押银行industrial bank 实业银行home loan bank 家宅贷款银行reserve bank 准备银行chartered bank 特许银行corresponding bank 往来银行merchant bank, accepting bank 承兑银行investment bank 投资银行import and export bank (EXIMBANK) 进出口银行joint venture bank 合资银行money shop, native bank 钱庄credit cooperatives 信用社clearing house 票据交换所public accounting 公共会计business accounting 商业会计cost accounting 成本会计depreciation accounting 折旧会计computerized accounting 电脑化会计general ledger 总帐subsidiary ledger 分户帐cash book 现金出纳帐cash account 现金帐journal, day-book 日记帐，流水帐bad debts 坏帐investment 投资surplus 结余idle capital 游资economic cycle 经济周期economic boom 经济繁荣economic recession 经济衰退economic depression 经济萧条economic crisis 经济危机economic recovery 经济复苏inflation 通货膨胀deflation 通货收缩devaluation 货币贬值revaluation 货币增值international balance of payment 国际收支favourable balance 顺差adverse balance 逆差hard currency 硬通货soft currency 软通货international monetary system 国际货币制度the purchasing power of money 货币购买力money in circulation 货币流通量note issue 纸币发行量national budget 国家预算national gross product 国民生产总值public bond 公债stock, share 股票debenture 债券treasury bill 国库券。
贷款与风险【外文翻译】
外文翻译原文loans and risksMaterial Source: An Introduction to the Mathematics of MoneyAuthor: David Lovelock, Marilou Mendel and A. Larry Wright Many students obtain student loans. These loans may be issued by individuals, businesses (as part of an employee’s benefit program), or by the government. A common type of student loan is a Stafford loan, which is guaranteed by the federal government. Typical conditions for a Stafford loan are that the repayment period of the loan is at most 10 years, the minimum monthly payment is $50, and there is no prepayment penalty (this last condition is important because many real estate loans, for example, charge a very high penalty for paying off the loan early). These loans are currently at a fixed rate, and there is a late fee for late payments. An important feature of these loans is that the student does not begin to repay the loan until 6 months after completing the academic program or leaving school.Home loans are available through banks, savings and loans, and mortgage brokers. Home loans can be at a fixed or adjustable rate.• An fixed rate loans are usually given for terms of 15 or 30 years. Usually, the interest rate for a 30-year loan is higher than that for a 15-year loan. In this case the borrower pays an added premium (a higher interest rate) for the privilege of paying off the loan over a longer period of time.• An adjustable rate loan offers a fixed rate for an initial period of time (typically 1 to 5 years). At the end of this initial period the rate may be adjusted, usually in relation to some government index, such as the Treasury bill rate. Generally, the initial rate for an adjustable rate loan is lower than the comparable rate for a fixed rate loan. The borrower is given this consideration to compensate for the uncertainty of future rates. At the end of the initial period, periodic reviews of the loan are made, and the rate is adjusted according to the index being used. Usually there is a cap—a maximum amount that the rate may be increased at any time.Home loans often carry a prepayment penalty. If homeowners wish to pay off their loans early in order to refinance at a lower rate, then a prepayment penalty maymake this a bad decision. A prepayment penalty may be as much as six months interest on 80% of the remaining balance.Business loans are available from many banks, individuals, and local, state, or federal government agencies. In many cases the seller of a business may “carry back” a loan to the buyer. In these cases there may be great flexibility in the structure of the loan. For example, a common practice is to defer payment of the principal and interest until the new owner has been in business for a fixed period of time. This is an example of a concession by the owner. In other cases there may be a “balloon” payment. In these cases the buyer makes periodic payments until a fixed date, at which time the remainder of the principal is due. This is an example of a concession by the buyer.Borrowers often have many choices when deciding how to finance purchases. The choices vary with respect to the term of the loan, the interest rate charged for the loan, whether or not payments include principal, and whether or not the loan is secured. For example, business loans tend to have higher rates than home loans, real estate loans for non-owner-occupied properties generally have higher interest rates than for owner-occupied properties, and fixed rate loans generally have higher initial interest rates than adjustable rate loans. The differences in choices are associated with differences in the associated risks. In this and other financial contexts, the term risk is synonymous with uncertainty.One source of risk is interest rate risk. The more quickly a loan is repaid, the lower the impact of unexpected increases in interest rates on the lender. Therefore, short-term loans and loans that include principal repayments are less risky than long-term loans and loans that do not include principal repayments.Another source of risk is default risk. Default risk is the risk that a borrower fails to make interest or principal payments when promised. Again, the more quickly a loan is repaid, the less risky the loan for the lender; if a borrower defaults on a loan, then the amount of the outstanding principal is lower for short-term loans that include principal repayments. Also, secured loans are less risky than unsecured loans. If a borrower fails to repay a loan that is secured by collateral, then the lender can take possession of the collateral.However, this is not the case with unsecured loans. These differences in risk result in differences in the rates charged for the various loans; higher rates are charged for riskier loans. However, even loans with the same interest rate don’t necessarily have the same total interest. We now look at four different ways ofrepaying a loan, all based on the fact that we borrow the same amount at the same interest rate.Loan 1: Consider an annuity in which we pay $1,000 at the end of each year for 5 years. Current interest rates are 8%. Table 5.1 shows the details of this loan repayment.The total interest paid is $1,007.29. This is typical of an amortization. An amortized loan is one for which constant principal and interest payments are made at regular intervals until the loan is repaid.Loan 2: Another institution offers to lend us the same $3,992.71 at 8% over five years, but we are only required to pay the interest at the end of each year and the original principal at the end of the fifth year. Table 5.2 shows the details of this loan repayment.The total interest paid is $1,597.08. This is typical of bonds. A bond is a loanthat an investor makes to a governmental agency or corporation for which the borrower pays the lender a fixed amount at regular intervals until the last payment, at which time the principal is repaid.Loan 3: Another institution offers to lend us the same $3,992.71 at 8% over five years, but we are only required to pay the principal and interest at the end of the fifth year. Table 5.3 shows the details of this loan repayment.Table 5.3. Zero Coupon BondNote that for example, the remaining principal at the start of year 3 ($4,657.10) includes the remaining principal at the start of year 2 ($4,312.13) plus the interest accrued during that year ($344.97). The interest for year 3 is calculated from the remaining principal at the start of that year ($4,657.10).Thus, interest is computed upon interest.The total interest paid is $1,873.89. This is typical of zero coupon bonds, which are discussed in Chap. 8. A zero coupon bond is a bond for which there are no regular payments. Thus, the only payment made is a lump sum payment at the end of the loan period.译文贷款与风险资料来源:货币数学运算的介绍作者：大卫·埃索；马里拉·孟德尔；赖瑞·怀特现在，许多学生获得了助学贷款。
信贷基本词汇英汉对照_财务英语词汇
信贷基本词汇英汉对照2m method 2m法3m method 3m法a scores a值accounting convention 会计惯例accounting for acquisitions 购并的会计处理accounting for debtors 应收账款核算accounting for depreciation 折旧核算accounting for foreign currencies 外汇核算accounting for goodwill 商誉核算accounting for stocks 存货核算accounting policies 会计政策accounting standards 会计准则accruals concept 权责发生原则achieving credit control 实现信用控制acid test ratio 酸性测试比率actual cash flow 实际现金流量adjusting company profits 企业利润调整advance payment guarantee 提前偿还保金adverse trading 不利交易advertising budget 广告预算advising bank 通告银行age analysis 账龄分析aged debtors analysis 逾期账款分析aged debtors’exception report 逾期应收款的特殊报告aged debtors’exception report 逾期账款特别报告aged debtors’report 逾期应收款报告aged debtors’report 逾期账款报告all—monies clause 全额支付条款amortization 摊销analytical questionnaire 调查表分析analytical skills 分析技巧analyzing financial risk 财务风险分析analyzing financial statements 财务报表分析analyzing liquidity 流动性分析analyzing profitability 盈利能力分析analyzing working capital 营运资本分析annual expenditure 年度支出anticipating future income 预估未来收入areas of financial ratios 财务比率分析的对象articles of incorporation 合并条款asian crisis 亚洲(金融)危机assessing companies 企业评估assessing country risk 国家风险评估assessing credit risks 信用风险评估assessing strategic power 战略地位评估assessment of banks 银行的评估asset conversion lending 资产转换贷款asset protection lending 资产担保贷款asset sale 资产出售asset turnover 资产周转率assets 资产association of british factors and discounters 英国代理人与贴现商协会auditor's report 审计报告aval 物权担保bad debt 坏账bad debt level 坏账等级bad debt risk 坏账风险bad debts performance 坏账发生情况bad loans 坏账balance sheet 资产负债表balance sheet structure 资产负债表结构bank credit 银行信贷bank failures 银行破产bank loans.availability 银行贷款的可获得性bank status reports 银行状况报告bankruptcy 破产bankruptcy code 破产法bankruptcy petition 破产申请书basle agreement 塞尔协议basle agreement 《巴塞尔协议》behavorial scoring 行为评分bill of exchange 汇票bill of lading 提单bis 国际清算银行bis agreement 国际清算银行协定blue chip 蓝筹股bonds 债券book receivables 账面应收账款borrowing money 借人资金borrowing proposition 借款申请breakthrough products 创新产品budgets 预算building company profiles 勾画企业轮廓bureaux (信用咨询)公司business development loan 商业开发贷款business failure 破产business plan 经营计划business risk 经营风险buyer credits 买方信贷buyer power 购买方力量buyer risks 买方风险campari 优质贷款原则canons of lending 贷款原则capex 资本支出capital adequacy 资本充足性capital adequacy rules 资本充足性原则capital commitments 资本承付款项capital expenditure 资本支出capital funding 资本融资capital investment 资本投资capital strength 资本实力capital structure 资本结构capitalization of interest 利息资本化capitalizing development costs 研发费用资本化capitalizing development expenditures 研发费用资本化capitalizing interest costs 利息成本资本化cascade effect 瀑布效应cash assets 现金资产cash collection targets 现金托收目标cash cycle 现金循环周期cash cycle ratios 现金循环周期比率cash cycle times 现金循环周期时间cash deposit 现金储蓄cash flow adjustments 现金流调整cash flow analysis 现金流量分析cash flow crisis 现金流危机cash flow cycle 现金流量周期cash flow forecasts 现金流量预测cash flow lending 现金流贷出cash flow profile 现金流概况cash flow projections 现金流预测cash flow statements 现金流量表cash flows 现金流量cash position 现金头寸cash positive je现金流量cash rich companies 现金充足的企业cash surplus 现金盈余cash tank 现金水槽cash-in-advance 预付现金categorized cash flow 现金流量分类ce 优质贷款原则ceo 首席执行官chairman 董事长，总裁chapter 11 rules 第十一章条款charge 抵押charged assets 抵押资产chief executive officer 首席执行官collateral security 抵押证券collecting payments 收取付款collection activitv 收款活动collection cycle 收款环节collection procedures 收款程序collective credit risks 集合信用风险comfortable liquidity positi9n 适当的流动性水平commercial mortgage 商业抵押commercial paper 商业票据commission 佣金commitment fees 承诺费common stock 普通股common stockholders 普通股股东company and its industry 企业与所处行业company assets 企业资产company liabilities 企业负债company loans 企业借款competitive advantage 竞争优势competitive forces 竞争力competitive products 竞争产品complaint procedures 申诉程序computerized credit information 计算机化信用信息computerized diaries 计算机化日志confirmed letter of credit 承兑信用证confirmed letters of credit 保兑信用证confirming bank 确认银行conservatism concept 谨慎原则consistency concept 一贯性原则consolidated accounts 合并报表consolidated balance sheets 合并资产负债表contingent liabilities 或有负债continuing security clause 连续抵押条款contractual payments 合同规定支出control limits 控制限度control of credit activities 信用活动控制controlling credit 控制信贷controlling credit risk 控制信用风险corporate credit analysis 企业信用分析corporate credit controller 企业信用控制人员corporate credit risk analysis 企业信用风险分析corporate customer 企业客户corporate failure prediction models 企业破产预测模型corporate lending 企业贷款cost leadership 成本领先型cost of sales 销售成本costs 成本country limit 国家限额country risk 国家风险court judgments 法院判决covenant 贷款保证契约covenants 保证契约creative accounting 寻机性会计credit analysis 信用分析credit analysis of customers 客户信用分析credit analysis of suppliers 供应商的信用分析credit analysis on banks 银行信用分析credit analysts 信用分析credit assessment 信用评估credit bureau reports 信用咨询公司报告credit bureaux 信用机构credit control 信贷控制credit control activities 信贷控制活动credit control performance reports 信贷控制绩效报告credit controllers 信贷控制人员credit cycle 信用循环credit decisions 信贷决策credit deterioration 信用恶化credit exposure 信用敞口credit granting process 授信程序credit information 信用信息credit information agency 信用信息机构credit insurance 信贷保险credit insurance advantages 信贷保险的优势credit insurance brokers 信贷保险经纪人credit insurance limitations 信贷保险的局限credit limits 信贷限额credit limits for currency blocs 货币集团国家信贷限额credit limits for individual countries 国家信贷限额credit management 信贷管理credit managers 信贷经理credit monitoring 信贷监控credit notes 欠款单据credit period 信用期credit planning 信用计划credit policy 信用政策credit policy issues 信用政策发布credit proposals 信用申请credit protection 信贷保护credit quality 信贷质量credit rating 信用评级credit rating agencies 信用评级机构credit rating process 信用评级程序credit rating system 信用评级系统credit reference 信用咨询credit reference agencies 信用评级机构credit risk 信用风险credit risk assessment 信用风险评估credit risk exposure 信用风险敞口credit risk insurance 信用风险保险credit risk.individual customers 个体信用风险credit risk：bank credit 信用风险：银行信用credit risk：trade credit 信用风险：商业信用credit scoring 信用风险评分credit scoring model 信用评分模型credit scoring system 信用评分系统credit squeeze 信贷压缩credit taken ratio 受信比率credit terms 信贷条款credit utilization reports 信贷利用报告credit vetting 信用审查credit watch 信用观察credit worthiness 信誉creditor days 应付账款天数cross-default clause 交叉违约条款currency risk 货币风险current assets 流动资产current debts 流动负债current ratio requirement 流动比率要求current ratios 流动比率customer care 客户关注customer credit ratings 客户信用评级customer liaison 客户联络customer risks 客户风险cut-off scores 及格线cycle of credit monitoring 信用监督循环cyclical business 周期性行业daily operating expenses 经营费用day’s sales outstanding 收回应收账款的平均天数debentures 债券debt capital 债务资本debt collection agency 债务托收机构debt issuer 债券发行人debt protection levels 债券保护级别debt ratio 负债比率debt securities 债券debt service ratio 还债率debtor days 应收账款天数debtor's assets 债权人的资产default 违约deferred payments 延期付款definition of leverage 财务杠杆率定义deposit limits 储蓄限额depositing money 储蓄资金depreciation 折旧depreciation policies 折旧政策development budget 研发预算differentiation 差别化direct loss 直接损失directors salaries 董事薪酬discretionary cash flows 自决性现金流量discretionary outflows 自决性现金流出distribution costs 分销成本dividend cover 股息保障倍数dividend payout ratio 股息支付率dividends 股利documentary credit 跟单信用证dso 应收账款的平均回收期duration of credit risk 信用风险期eastern bloc countries 东方集团国家ebitda 扣除利息、税收、折旧和摊销之前的收益ecgd 出口信贷担保局economic conditions 经济环境economic cycles 经济周期economic depression 经济萧条economic growth 经济增长economic risk 经济风险electronic data interchange(edi) 电子数据交换environmental factors 环境因素equity capital 权益资本equity finance 权益融资equity stake 股权eu countries 欧盟国家eu directives 欧盟法规eulaw 欧盟法律eurobonds 欧洲债券european parliament 欧洲议会european union 欧盟evergreen loan 常年贷款exceptional item 例外项目excessive capital commitments 过多的资本承付款项exchange controls 外汇管制exchange-control regulations 外汇管制条例exhaust method 排空法existing competitors 现有竞争对手existing debt 未清偿债务export credit agencies 出口信贷代理机构export credit insurance 出口信贷保险export factoring 出口代理export sales 出口额exports credit guarantee department 出口信贷担保局extending credit 信贷展期external agency 外部机构external assessment methods 外部评估方式external assessments 外部评估external information sources 外部信息来源extraordinary items 非经常性项目extras 附加条件facility account 便利账户factoring 代理factoring debts 代理收账factoring discounting 代理折扣factors chain international 国际代理连锁failure prediction scores 财务恶化预测分值fasb (美国)财务会计准则委员会faulty credit analysis 破产信用分析fees 费用finance，new business ventures 为新兴业务融资finance，repay existing debt 为偿还现有债务融资finance,working capital 为营运资金融资financial assessment 财务评估financial cash flows 融资性现金流量financial collapse 财务危机financial flexibility 财务弹性financial forecast 财务预测financial instability 财务的不稳定性financial rating analysis 财务评级分析financial ratios 财务比率financial risk 财务风险financial risk ratios 财务风险比率fitch ibca 惠誉评级fitch ibca ratings 惠誉评级fixed assets 固定资产fixed charge 固定费用fixed charge cover 固定费用保障倍数fixed costs 固定成本floating assets 浮动资产floating charge 浮动抵押floor planning 底价协议focus 聚焦forced sale risk 强制出售风险foreign exchange markets 外汇市场forfaiting 福费廷formal credit rating 正式信用评级forward rate agreements 远期利率协议fras 远期利率协议fund managers 基金经理fx transaction 外汇交易gaap 公认会计准则gearing 财务杠杆率geographical spread of markets 市场的地理扩展global target 全球目标going concern concept 持续经营原则good lending 优质贷款good times 良好时期government agencies 政府机构government interference 政府干预gross income 总收入guarantee of payment 支付担保guaranteed loans 担保贷款guarantees 担保high credit quality 高信贷质量high credit risks 高信贷风险high default risk 高违约风险high interest rates 高利率high risk regions 高风险区域highly speculative 高度投机high-risk loan 高风险贷款high-value loan 高价值贷款historical accounting 历史会计处理historical cost 历史成本ias 国际会计准则iasc 国际会计准则委员会ibtt 息税前利润ice 优质贷款原则idealliquidity ratios 理想的流动性比率implied debt rating 隐含债务评级importance of credit control 信贷控制的重要性improved products 改进的产品 iimproving reported asset values 改善资产账面价值in house assessment 内部评估in house credit analysis 内部信用分析in house credit assessments 内部信用评估in house credit ratings 内部信用评级income bonds 收入债券income statement 损益表increasing profits 提高利润increasing reported profits 提高账面利润indemnity clause 赔偿条款indicators of credit deterioration 信用恶化征兆indirect loss 间接损失individual credit transactions 个人信用交易individual rating 个体评级industrial reports 行业报告industrial unrest 行业动荡industry limit 行业限额industry risk 行业风险industry risk analysis 行业风险分析inflow 现金流入information in financial statements 财务报表中的信息in-house credit ratings 内部信用评级initial payment 初始支付insolvencies 破产institutional investors 机构投资者insured debt 投保债务intangible fixed asset 无形固定资产inter-company comparisons 企业间比较inter-company loans 企业间借款interest 利息interest cost 利息成本interest cover ratio 利息保障倍数interest cover test 利息保障倍数测试interest holiday 免息期interest payments 利息支付interest rates 利率interim statements 中报(中期报表)internal assessment methods 内部评估方法internal financing ratio 内部融资率internal revenue service 美国国税局international accounting standards committee 国际会计准则委员会international accounting standards(ias) 国际会计准则international chamber of commerce 国际商会international credit ratings 国际信用评级international factoring association 国际代理商协会international settlements 国际结算inventory 存货inverse of current ratio 反转流动比率investment analysts 投资分析人员investment policy 投资政策investment risk 投资风险investment spending 投资支出invoice discounting 发票贴现issue of bonds 债券的发行issued debt capital 发行债务资本junk bond status 垃圾债券状况just-in-time system(jit) 适时系统key cash flow ratios 主要现金流量指标labor unrest 劳动力市场动荡large.scale borrower 大额借贷者legal guarantee 法律担保legal insolvency 法律破产lending agreements 贷款合约lending covenants 贷款保证契约lending decisions 贷款决策lending proposals 贷款申请lending proposition 贷款申请lending transactions 贷款交易letters of credit 信用证leverage 财务杠杆率libor 伦敦同业拆借利率lien 留置liquid assets 速动资产liquidation 清算liquidation expenses 清算费liquidity 流动性liquidity and working capital 流动性与营运资金liquidity ratios 流动比率liquidity run 流动性危机liquidity shortage 流动性短缺loan covenants 贷款合约loan guarantees 贷款担保loan principal 贷款本金loan principal repayments 贷款本金偿还loan review 贷款审查london inter-bank offered rate 伦敦同业拆借利率long’term debt 长期负债long-term funding 长期融资long-term risk 长期风险management 管理层marginal lending 边际贷款marginal trade credit 边际交易信贷market surveys 市场调查marketing 市场营销markets 市场matching concept 配比原则material adverse-change clause 重大不利变动条款maximum leverage level 最高财务杠杆率限制measurement and judgment 计量与判断measuring risk 风险计量medium-term loan 中期贷款microcomputer modelling 计算机建模minimum current ratio requirement 最低流动比率要求minimum leverage ratio 最低举债比率minimum net worth 最低净值minimum net-worth requirement 最低净值要求minimum risk asset ratio 最低风险资产比率monitoring activity 监管活动monitoring credit 信用监控monitoring customer credit limits 监管客户信贷限额monitoring risks 监管风险monitoring total credit limits 监管全部信贷限额monthly reports 月报moody's debt rating 穆迪债券评级mortgage 抵押mpr’oving balance sheet 改善资产负债表multiple discriminate analysis 多元分析national debt 国家债务nci 无信贷间隔天数near-cash assets 近似于现金的资产negative cash flow 负现金流量negative net cash flow 负净现金流量negative operational cash flows 负的经营性现金流量negative pledge 限制抵押net book value 净账面价值net cash flow 净现金流量net worth test 净值测试new entrants 新的市场进人者no credit interval 无信贷间隔天数non-cash items 非现金项目non-core business 非核心业务non-operational items 非经营性项目obtaining payment 获得支付one-man rule 一人原则open account terms 无担保条款operating leases 经营租赁operating profit 营业利润operational cash flow 营性现金流量operational flexibility ~营弹性optimal credit 最佳信贷order cycle 订货环节ordinary dividend payments 普通股股利支付organization of credit activities 信贷活动的组织overdue payments 逾期支付over-trading 过度交易overview of accounts 财务报表概览·parent company 母公司pat 税后利润payment in advance 提前付款payment obligations 付款义务payment records 付款记录payment score 还款评分pbit 息税前利润pbt 息后税前利润percentage change 百分比变动performance bonds 履约保证personal guarantees 个人担保planning systems 计划系统pledge 典押points-scoring system 评分系统policy setting 政策制定political risk 政治风险potential bad debt 潜在坏账potential credit risk 潜在信用风险potential value 潜在价值predicting corporate failures 企业破产预测preference dividends 优先股股息preferred stockholders 优先股股东preliminary assessment 预备评估premiums 溢价primary ratios 基础比率prior charge capital 优先偿付资本priority cash flows 优先性现金流量priority for creditors 债权人的清偿顺序priority payments 优先支付product life cycle 产品生命周期product market analysis 产品市场分析product range 产品范围products 产品professional fees 专业费用profit 利润profit and loss account 损益账户profit margin 利润率profitability 盈利能力profitability management 盈利能力管理profitability ratios 盈利能力比率promissory notes 本票property values 所有权价值providers of credit 授信者provision accounting 准备金会计处理prudence concept 谨慎原则public information 公共信息public relations 公共关系purpose of credit ratings 信用评级的目的purpose of ratios 计算比率的目的qualitative covenants 定性条款quantitative covenants 定量条款query control 质疑控制quick ratio 速动比率rating exercise 评级实践rating process for a company 企业评级程序ratio analysis 比率分析ratio analyst weaknesses ~l率分析的缺陷real insolvency 真实破产real sales growth 实际销售收入增长率realization concept 实现原则receivables 应收账款recession 衰退reducing debtors 冲减应收账款reducing profits 冲减利润reducing provisions 冲减准备金reducing reported profits 冲减账面利润reducing stocks 减少存货registrar of companies 企业监管局regulatory risk 监管风险releasing provisions 冲回准备金relocation expenses 费用再分配reminder letters 催缴单repayment on demand clause 即期偿还条款replacement of principal 偿还本金report of chairman 总裁/董事长报告reserve accounting 准备金核算residual cash flows 剩余现金流量restricting bad debts 限制坏账restrictions on secured borrowing 担保借款限制retention-of-title clauses 所有权保留条款revenues 总收入risk analysis reports 风险分析报告risk and banks 风险与银行risk and companies 风险与企业risk and return 风险与回报risk capital 风险资本risk-reward 风险回报risk-weighted assets 风险加权资产roce 资本收益率romapla clauses “一手交钱一手交货”条款sales 销售额secondary ratios 分解比率secure methods of payment 付款的担保方式secured assets 担保资产secured creditors 有担保债权人secured loans 担保贷款securities and exchange commission (美国)证券交易委员会security guarantees 抵押担保security of payment 付款担保security general principles 担保的一般原则segmentation 细分setting and policing credit limits 信用限额的设定与政策制定settlement discount (提前)结算折扣settlement terms 结算条款share price 股价short-term borrowing 短期借款short-term creditors 短期负债short-term liabilities 短期债务short-termism 短期化sic 常务诠释委员会significance of working capital 营运资金的重要性single credit customer 单一信用客户single ratio analysis 单一比率分析size of credit risk 信用风险的大小slow stock turnover 较低的存货周转率sources of assessments 评估信息来源sources of credit information 信用信息来源sources of risk 风险来源sovereign rating 主权评级specialist agencies 专业机构specific debt issue 特别债券发行speculative 投机性speculative grades 投机性评级split rating 分割评级spot rate 现价(即期比率)spreadsheets 电子数据表staff redundancies 员工遣散费standard and poor 标准普尔standard security clauses 标准担保条款standard&poor's 标准普尔standby credits 备用信用证standing interpretations committee 证券交易委员会standing starting credit limits 持续更新信用限额statistical analysis 统计分析statistical techniques 统计技巧status reports (企业)状况报告stock valuations 存货核算stocks 股票straight line depreciation method 直线折旧法strategic positioning 战略定位suplus assets 盈余资产suplus rating 盈余评级supplier power 供应商的力量supply chain 供应链support rating 支持评级swap agreement 换合约swaps 互换swot analysis swot分析symptoms of failure questionnaires 企业破产征兆调查表takeovers 收购tax payments 税务支付technical insolvency 技术破产technology and change 技术进步term loan 定期贷款term of borrowing 借款期限third party guarantees 第三方担保tier 1 capital 一类资本tier 2 capital 二类资本total credit limit 整体信用限额total current assets 流动资产总额trade companies 贸易企业trade credit 商业信用trade creditors 应付账款trade cycle 商业循环trade cycle times 商业循环周期trade debt 应收账款trade debtors 贸易债权人trade indemnity 贸易赔偿trade references 贸易参考trade-off 协定trading outlook 交易概况trading profit 营业利润traditional cash flow 传统现金流量triple a 三aucp 跟单信用证统一惯例uncovered dividend 未保障的股利uniform customs&practice 跟单信用证统一惯例unpaid invoices 未付款发票unsecured creditors 未担保的债权人usefulness of liquidity ratios 流动性比率的作用uses of cash 现金的使用using bank risk information 使用银行风险信息using financial assessments 使用财务评估using ratios 财务比率的运用using retention-of-title clauses 使用所有权保留条款value chain 价值链value of z scores z值模型的价值variable costs 变动成本variable interest 可变利息variety of financial ratios 财务比率的种类vetting procedures 审查程序volatitle revenue dynamic 收益波动volume of sales 销售量warning signs of credit risk 信用风险的警示working assets 营运资产working capital 营运资本working capital changes 营运资本变化额working capital management 营运资本管理working capitalratios 营运资本比率write-downs 资产减值write-offs 勾销z score assessments z值评估z score models z值模型z scores z值z scoring z值评分系统。
金融术语
金融术语Notes1.Banks provide most of the credit our economy needs by making loans to enterprises, individuals and governments.银行通过向企业、个人和政府发放贷款，提供我国国民经济所需的大部分信贷资金。
(1)(credit) our economy needs我国国民经济所需的（信贷资金）此句为定语从句，省略了关系代词which，修饰前面的先行词credit。
(2)economy n.①the system or range of economic activity in a country, region, or community经济体：国家、地区或群体的经济活动体系和范围例：Effects of inflation were felt at every level of the economy.通货膨胀影响到每一经济阶层②a specific type of economic system经济制度：特定经济体系类型例：an industrial economy; a planned economy.工业经济体制；计划经济体制(3)by making loans to enterprises, individuals and governments是介词短语，在句中做状语。
by prep. with the use or help of; through借助于；通过(4)making (loans to…)是动名词，做介词by的宾语。
2.The interest that borrowers pay for their loans or for their notes discounted forms the major source of banks' income.借款人支付贷款或贴现票据的利息形成了银行主要收入的来源。
常用金融英语词汇的翻译
常用金融英语词汇的翻译常用金融英语词汇的翻译acquiring company 收购公司bad loan 呆帐chart of cash flow 现金流量表clearly-established ownership 产权清晰debt to equity 债转股diversity of equities 股权多元化economy of scale 规模经济emerging economies 新兴经济exchange-rate regime 汇率机制fund and financing 筹资融资global financial architecture 全球金融体系global integration, globality 全球一体化，全球化go public 上市growth spurt （经济的）急剧增长have one's "two commas" 百万富翁hedge against 套期保值housing mortgage 住房按揭holdings 控股，所持股份holding company 控股公司initial offerings 原始股initial public offerings 首次公募innovative business 创新企业intellectual capital 智力资本inter-bank lending 拆借internet customer 网上客户investment payoff period 投资回收期joint-stock 参股mall rat 爱逛商店的年轻人means of production 生产要素(the)medical cost social pool for major diseases 大病医疗费用社会统筹mergers and acquisitions 并购mobile-phone banking 移动电话银行业moods 人气net potato 网虫non-store seling 直销offering 新股online-banking 网上银行业online-finance 在线金融online client （银行的）网上客户paper profit 帐面收益physical assets 有形资产project fund system 项目资本金制度pyramid sale 传销recapitalize 资产重组regional corrency blocks 地区货币集团regulate 调控sell off 变现share(stock) option 期权，股票认购权smart card 智能卡slash prices 杀价spare capacity 闲置的生产能力strong growth 强劲的增长势头switch trade 转手贸易take…public 上市tap the idle assets 盘活存量资产transaction （银行的）交易transfer payment from the exchequer 财政转移支付venture-capital 风险资本virtual bank 虚拟银行wire transfer 电子转帐经济金融术语汉英对照表A-BA安全网safety net按可比口径on comparable basis按轻重缓急to prioritize暗补implicit subsidy暗亏hidden lossB颁发营业执照to license;to grant a licence to办理存款业务to take deposits保护农民的生产积极性to protect farmers'incentive to produce备付金（超额准备金）excess reserves本外币并账consolidation of domestic and foreign currencyaccounts本外币对冲操作sterilization operation本位利益localized interest;departmentalism奔小康to strive to prosper;to strive to become well-to-do避税（请见“逃税”）tax avoidance币种搭配不当currency mismatch币种构成currency composition变相社会集资disguised irregular（or illegal）fund raising表外科目（业务）off-balance-sheet items（operation）薄弱环节weaknesses;loopholes不变成本fixed cost不变价at constant price;in real terms不动产real estate不良贷款problem loans；non-performing loansC财务公司finance companies财政赤字fiscal deficit财政挤银行fiscal pressure on the central bank（over monetary policy）财政政策与货币政策的配合coordination of fiscal and monetary policies采取循序渐进的方法in a phased and sequenced manner操作弹性operational flexibility操纵汇率to manipulate exchange rate产品构成product composition;product mix产品积压stock pile;excessive inventory产销率current period inventory;（即期库存，不含前期库存）sales/output ratio产销衔接marketability产业政策industrial policy长期国债treasury bonds敞口头寸open position炒股to speculate in the stock market承购包销underwrite（securities）成套机电产品complete sets of equipment;complete plant（s）城市信用社urban credit cooperatives（UCCs）城市合作银行urban cooperative banks;municipal united banks城市商业银行municipal commercial banks城乡居民收入增长超过物价涨幅real growth in household income持续升温persistent overheating重复布点duplicate projects重置成本replacement cost重组计划restructuring plan筹资渠道funding sources;financing channels初见成效initial success出口统一管理、归口经营canalization of exports出口退税export tax rebate储蓄存款household deposits（不完全等同于西方的savingsdeposits，前者包括活期存款，后者不包括。
信贷基本词汇英汉对照(2)-上海译国译民
信贷基本词汇英汉对照(2)-译国译民翻译公司Financial flexibility 财务弹性Financial forecast 财务预测Financial instability 财务的不稳定性Financial rating analysis 财务评级分析Financial ratios 财务比率Financial risk 财务风险Financial risk ratios 财务风险比率Fitch IBCA 惠誉评级Fitch IBCA ratings 惠誉评级Fixed assets 固定资产Fixed charge 固定费用Fixed charge cover 固定费用保障倍数Fixed costs 固定成本Floating assets 浮动资产Floating charge 浮动抵押Floor planning 底价协议Focus 聚焦Forced sale risk 强制出售风险Foreign exchange markets 外汇市场Forfeiting 福费廷Formal credit rating 正式信用评级Forward rate agreements 远期利率协议FRAs 远期利率协议Fund managers 基金经理FX transaction 外汇交易GAAP 公认会计准则Gearing 财务杠杆率Geographical spread of markets 市场的地理扩展Global target 全球目标Going concern concept 持续经营原则Good lending 优质贷款Good times 良好时期Government agencies 政府机构Government interference 政府干预Gross income 总收入Guarantee of payment 支付担保Guaranteed loans 担保贷款Guarantees 担保High credit quality 高信贷质量High credit risks 高信贷风险High default risk 高违约风险High interest rates 高利率High risk regions 高风险区域Highly speculative 高度投机High-risk loan 高风险贷款High-value loan 高价值贷款Historical accounting 历史会计处理Historical cost 历史成本IAS 国际会计准则IASC 国际会计准则委员会IBTT 息税前利润ICE 优质贷款原则Ideal liquidity ratios 理想的流动性比率Implied debt rating 隐含债务评级Importance of credit control 信贷控制的重要性Improved products 改进的产品 IImproving reported asset values 改善资产账面价值In house assessment 内部评估In house credit analysis 内部信用分析In house credit assessments 内部信用评估In house credit ratings 内部信用评级Income bonds 收入债券Income statement 损益表Increasing profits 提高利润Increasing reported profits 提高账面利润Indemnity clause 赔偿条款Indicators of credit deterioration 信用恶化征兆Indirect loss 间接损失Individual credit transactions 个人信用交易Individual rating 个体评级Industrial reports 行业报告Industrial unrest 行业动荡Industry limit 行业限额Industry risk 行业风险Industry risk analysis 行业风险分析Inflow 现金流入Information in financial statements 财务报表中的信息In-house credit ratings 内部信用评级Initial payment 初始支付Insolvencies 破产Institutional investors 机构投资者Insured debt 投保债务Intangible fixed asset 无形固定资产Inter-company comparisons 企业间比较Inter-company loans 企业间借款Interest 利息Interest cost 利息成本Interest cover ratio 利息保障倍数Interest cover test 利息保障倍数测试Interest holiday 免息期Interest payments 利息支付Interest rates 利率Interim statements 中报(中期报表)Internal assessment methods 内部评估方法Internal financing ratio 内部融资率Internal Revenue Service 美国国税局International Accounting Standards Committee 国际会计准则委员会International Accounting Standards(IAS) 国际会计准则International Chamber of Commerce 国际商会International credit ratings 国际信用评级International Factoring Association 国际代理商协会International settlements 国际结算Inventory 存货Inverse of current ratio 反转流动比率Investment analysts 投资分析人员Investment policy 投资政策Investment risk 投资风险Investment spending 投资支出Invoice discounting 发票贴现Issue of bonds 债券的发行Issued debt capital 发行债务资本Junk bond status 垃圾债券状况Just-in-time system(JIT) 适时系统Key cash flow ratios 主要现金流量指标Labor unrest 劳动力市场动荡Large．scale borrower 大额借贷者Legal guarantee 法律担保Legal insolvency 法律破产Lending agreements 贷款合约Lending covenants 贷款保证契约Lending decisions 贷款决策Lending proposals 贷款申请Lending proposition 贷款申请Lending transactions 贷款交易Letters of credit 信用证Monthly reports 月报Moody's debt rating 穆迪债券评级Mortgage 抵押improving balance sheet 改善资产负债表Multiple discriminate analysis 多元分析National debt 国家债务NCI 无信贷间隔天数Near-cash assets 近似于现金的资产Negative cash flow 负现金流量Negative net cash flow 负净现金流量Negative operational cash flows 负的经营性现金流量Negative pledge 限制抵押Net book value 净账面价值Net cash flow 净现金流量Net worth test 净值测试New entrants 新的市场进人者No credit interval 无信贷间隔天数Non-cash items 非现金项目Non-core business 非核心业务Non-operational items 非经营性项目Obtaining payment 获得支付One-man rule 一人原则Open account terms 无担保条款Operating leases 经营租赁Operating profit 营业利润Operational cash flow 营性现金流量Operational flexibility ~营弹性Optimal credit 最佳信贷Order cycle 订货环节Ordinary dividend payments 普通股股利支付Organization of credit activities 信贷活动的组织Overdue payments 逾期支付Over-trading 过度交易Overview of accounts 财务报表概览·Parent company 母公司PAT 税后利润Payment in advance 提前付款Payment obligations 付款义务Payment records 付款记录Payment score 还款评分PBIT 息税前利润PBT 息后税前利润Percentage change 百分比变动Performance bonds 履约保证Personal guarantees 个人担保Planning systems 计划系统Pledge 典押Points-scoring system 评分系统Policy setting 政策制定Political risk 政治风险Potential bad debt 潜在坏账Potential credit risk 潜在信用风险Potential value 潜在价值Predicting corporate failures 企业破产预测Preference dividends 优先股股息Preferred stockholders 优先股股东Preliminary assessment 预备评估Premiums 溢价Primary ratios 基础比率Prior charge capital 优先偿付资本Priority cash flows 优先性现金流量Priority for creditors 债权人的清偿顺序Priority payments 优先支付Product life cycle 产品生命周期Product market analysis 产品市场分析Product range 产品范围Products 产品Professional fees 专业费用Profit 利润Profit and loss account 损益账户Profit margin 利润率Profitability 盈利能力Profitability management 盈利能力管理Profitability ratios 盈利能力比率Promissory notes 本票Property values 所有权价值Providers of credit 授信者Provision accounting 准备金会计处理Prudence concept 谨慎原则Public information 公共信息Public relations 公共关系Purpose of credit ratings 信用评级的目的Purpose of ratios 计算比率的目的Qualitative covenants 定性条款Quantitative covenants 定量条款Query control 质疑控制Quick ratio 速动比率Rating exercise 评级实践Rating process for a company 企业评级程序Ratio analysis 比率分析Ratio analyst weaknesses ~L率分析的缺陷Real insolvency 真实破产Real sales growth 实际销售收入增长率Realization concept 实现原则Receivables 应收账款Recession 衰退Reducing debtors 冲减应收账款Reducing profits 冲减利润Reducing provisions 冲减准备金Reducing reported profits 冲减账面利润Reducing stocks 减少存货Registrar of Companies 企业监管局Regulatory risk 监管风险Releasing provisions 冲回准备金Relocation expenses 费用再分配Reminder letters 催缴单Repayment on demand clause 即期偿还条款Replacement of principal 偿还本金Report of chairman 总裁／董事长报告Reserve accounting 准备金核算Residual cash flows 剩余现金流量Restricting bad debts 限制坏账Restrictions on secured borrowing 担保借款限制Retention-of-title clauses 所有权保留条款Revenues 总收入Risk analysis reports 风险分析报告Risk and banks 风险与银行Risk and companies 风险与企业Risk and Return 风险与回报Risk capital 风险资本Risk-reward 风险回报Risk-weighted assets 风险加权资产ROCE 资本收益率Romapla clauses “一手交钱一手交货”条款Sales 销售额Secondary ratios 分解比率Secure methods of payment 付款的担保方式Secured assets 担保资产Secured creditors 有担保债权人Secured loans 担保贷款Securities and Exchange Commission (美国)证券交易委员会Security guarantees 抵押担保Security of payment 付款担保Security general principles 担保的一般原则Segmentation 细分Setting and policing credit limits 信用限额的设定与政策制定Settlement discount (提前)结算折扣Settlement terms 结算条款Share price 股价Short-term borrowing 短期借款Short-term creditors 短期负债Short-term liabilities 短期债务Short-termism 短期化SIC 常务诠释委员会Significance of working capital 营运资金的重要性Single credit customer 单一信用客户Single ratio analysis 单一比率分析Size of credit risk 信用风险的大小Slow stock turnover 较低的存货周转率Sources of assessments 评估信息来源Sources of credit information 信用信息来源Sources of risk 风险来源Sovereign rating 主权评级Specialist agencies 专业机构Specific debt issue 特别债券发行Speculative 投机性Speculative grades 投机性评级Split rating 分割评级Spot rate 现价(即期比率)Spreadsheets 电子数据表Staff redundancies 员工遣散费Standard and Poor 标准普尔Standard security clauses 标准担保条款Standard&Poor's 标准普尔Standby credits 备用信用证Standing Interpretations Committee 证券交易委员会Standing starting credit limits 持续更新信用限额Statistical analysis 统计分析Statistical techniques 统计技巧Status reports (企业)状况报告Stock valuations 存货核算Stocks 股票Straight line depreciation method 直线折旧法Strategic positioning 战略定位Surplus assets 盈余资产Surplus rating 盈余评级Supplier power 供应商的力量Supply chain 供应链Support rating 支持评级Swap agreement 换合约Swaps 互换SWOT analysis SWOT分析Symptoms of failure questionnaires 企业破产征兆调查表Takeovers 收购Tax payments 税务支付Technical insolvency 技术破产Technology and change 技术进步Term loan 定期贷款Term of borrowing 借款期限Third party guarantees 第三方担保。
compus loans的现象类英文作文
compus loans的现象类英文作文The Rise of Campus Loans: Navigating the Financial Landscape for StudentsThe pursuit of higher education has long been considered a transformative journey, shaping the minds and futures of young individuals. However, the financial burden associated with this endeavor has become a growing concern, particularly for students navigating the complex world of campus loans. As the cost of tuition, housing, and other educational expenses continues to rise, an increasing number of students are turning to campus loan programs to bridge the gap between their financial resources and the ever-increasing price tag of a college education.At the heart of this phenomenon lies the fundamental need for students to access the resources necessary to achieve their academic and personal goals. Campus loans have emerged as a viable solution, providing students with the financial support they require to cover the various expenses associated with their studies. These loans, often offered by educational institutions or specialized lendingorganizations, offer students the opportunity to finance their education, alleviate the financial strain, and focus on their academic pursuits.One of the primary drivers of the campus loan phenomenon is the rising cost of higher education. Over the past decades, tuition fees have skyrocketed, making it increasingly challenging for students and their families to afford the full cost of a college education. This trend has been fueled by a combination of factors, including the growing demand for higher education, the escalating expenses associated with maintaining and improving educational infrastructure, and the limited availability of public funding for higher education institutions.In response to this financial challenge, campus loan programs have become a crucial lifeline for many students. These loans provide access to the necessary funds to cover tuition, housing, textbooks, and other educational expenses, allowing students to focus on their studies without the constant worry of financial constraints. By offering flexible repayment plans and competitive interest rates, campus loan programs have become an attractive option for students seeking to finance their education.However, the rise of campus loans has also given rise to a new set of concerns and considerations. One of the primary issues is thepotential for students to become overburdened with debt, which can have long-lasting consequences on their financial well-being. As students take on more loans to cover the escalating costs of education, they may find themselves facing significant debt upon graduation, potentially hindering their ability to achieve financial independence and pursue their desired career paths.Additionally, the complexity of the campus loan landscape can be overwhelming for many students, who may struggle to navigate the various options, understand the terms and conditions, and make informed decisions about their financial future. This lack of financial literacy can lead to students making ill-informed choices, potentially signing up for loans that may not be the most suitable for their individual circumstances.To address these concerns, educational institutions and policymakers have taken steps to enhance financial literacy among students and provide greater transparency in the campus loan process. Many colleges and universities now offer financial counseling services, workshops, and resources to help students understand the implications of taking on campus loans and make informed decisions about their financial future.Moreover, regulatory bodies and government agencies have implemented measures to protect student borrowers, such asestablishing caps on interest rates, offering income-driven repayment plans, and providing loan forgiveness programs for those who pursue public service careers. These efforts aim to ensure that campus loans remain a viable and sustainable option for students, without placing an undue burden on their financial well-being.Despite the challenges, the campus loan phenomenon continues to play a crucial role in enabling students to access higher education and achieve their academic and professional aspirations. As the cost of education continues to rise, the demand for campus loan programs is likely to persist, and it is essential that students, educational institutions, and policymakers work together to address the complexities and ensure the long-term sustainability of this financial model.In conclusion, the rise of campus loans has become a significant aspect of the higher education landscape, providing students with the necessary financial support to pursue their academic dreams. However, this phenomenon also highlights the need for greater financial literacy, transparency, and regulatory oversight to ensure that campus loans remain a sustainable and empowering tool for students, rather than a burden that hinders their future success.。
关于loan的英文作文
关于loan的英文作文英文：When it comes to loans, there are many things to consider. Firstly, it's important to understand the different types of loans available, such as personal loans, student loans, and business loans. Each type of loan hasits own terms and conditions, so it's important to do your research and choose the one that best suits your needs.One important factor to consider when taking out a loan is the interest rate. This is the amount of money that the lender charges you for borrowing their money. A high interest rate can make it difficult to repay the loan, soit's important to find a loan with a low interest rate.Another important factor to consider is the repayment period. This is the amount of time you have to repay the loan. A longer repayment period may mean lower monthly payments, but it also means you'll be paying more ininterest over time.It's also important to consider the fees associated with the loan, such as origination fees or prepayment penalties. These fees can add up quickly, so it's important to factor them into your overall cost of borrowing.When taking out a loan, it's important to borrow only what you need and can afford to repay. Taking out too much money can lead to financial difficulties down the road.Overall, taking out a loan can be a useful tool for achieving your financial goals, but it's important to do your research and choose the right loan for your needs.中文：谈到贷款，有很多事情需要考虑。
什么是校园贷英语作文
Campus Loans: Understanding the Complexities and RisksIn the realm of financial services, campus loans, often colloquially referred to as "campus credit" or "student loans," have emerged as a controversial yet prevalent phenomenon in the academic landscape. These loans, specifically designed for college and university students, aim to bridge the gap between educational expenses and personal finances, often promising quick access to funds when traditional financing options seem out of reach. However, the intricacies and potential pitfalls of campus loans warrant a closer examination, ensuring that students make informed decisions about their financial future.The Essence of Campus LoansCampus loans typically come in various forms, ranging from private lenders offering personal loans to financial institutions specializing in student financing. These loans can cover a wide array of expenses, including tuition fees, housing costs, textbooks, and even living expenses. The allure of campus loans lies in their accessibility; students with limited credit history or income can often obtain them with minimal hassle, thanks to the perceived stability of their future earnings as graduates.Convenience Versus ConsequencesWhile the convenience of campus loans is undeniable, their potential consequences can be severe. Many students, swayed by the promise of immediate financial relief, fail to fully comprehend the long-term implications of taking on debt. High-interest rates, hidden fees, and inflexible repayment terms can quickly turn a seemingly manageable loan into a financial burden that lasts well beyond graduation.Moreover, the pressure to repay loans can weigh heavily on students' mental health and academic performance. The constant worry about finances can distract from studies, leading to poor grades and, in extreme cases, even dropping out of school. The emotional toll of debt can also manifest in anxiety, depression, and feelings of hopelessness.Responsible Borrowing: A Call for AwarenessIn light of these risks, it is imperative that students approach campus loans with caution and a keen sense of responsibility. Here are a few key considerations to keep in mind:Understand the Terms and Conditions: Before signing any loan agreement, thoroughly review the terms and conditions, paying close attention to interest rates, repayment schedules, and any potential penalties for late payments or default.Explore Alternative Options: Consider all available financing options, including scholarships, grants, work-study programs, and federal student loans, which often offer more favorable terms and conditions than private campus loans.Develop a Budget: Create a realistic budget that accounts for all educational and living expenses, ensuring that you have a clear understanding of your financial needs before seeking a loan.Seek Advice: Consult with financial advisors, counselors, or trusted family members before making any decisions about borrowing. Their expertise and guidance can help you navigate the complexities of campus loans and make informed choices.In conclusion, campus loans, while offering a tempting solution to financial challenges faced by students, carry significant risks that cannot be ignored. By understanding the intricacies of these loans and approaching them with caution and responsibility, students can make informed decisions that prioritize their financial well-being and academic success.。
学生贷款英语作文
When it comes to financing higher education,student loans have become a prevalent option for many individuals seeking to advance their academic and professional careers. Here is a detailed look at the topic of student loans through an English composition.Introduction:The pursuit of higher education is often synonymous with the accumulation of debt for many students.Student loans,a financial aid mechanism,have become an integral part of the educational landscape.They provide the necessary funds for students to attend college or university,but they also come with longterm implications.The Necessity of Student Loans:Higher education is increasingly becoming a requirement for securing a wellpaying job in todays competitive job market.However,the cost of tuition,books,and living expenses can be prohibitive.Student loans offer a way for students to bridge the gap between their financial means and the cost of education.Types of Student Loans:There are various types of student loans available,including federal loans,private loans, and parent loans.Federal loans are typically offered by the government and come with lower interest rates and more flexible repayment options.Private loans,on the other hand, are offered by banks and other financial institutions and may have higher interest rates and less flexible terms.The Process of Applying for Student Loans:The process of applying for student loans involves several steps.Students must first complete the Free Application for Federal Student Aid FAFSA to determine their eligibility for federal aid.After receiving their financial aid package,they can decide whether to accept federal loans,private loans,or a combination of both. Repayment Options:Once a student has completed their education,they must begin repaying their loans. There are several repayment options available,including standard repayment,graduated repayment,and incomedriven repayment plans.Each option has its own benefits and drawbacks,and the choice depends on the borrowers financial situation and longterm goals.The Impact of Student Loans on Graduates:The burden of student loans can have a significant impact on graduates lives.High levels of debt can delay major life events such as buying a home,starting a family,or saving for retirement.Moreover,the stress associated with managing debt can affect mental healthand overall wellbeing.Strategies for Managing Student Loan Debt:To manage student loan debt,graduates can consider various strategies.These include making consistent payments to avoid default,consolidating loans to simplify repayment, and exploring loan forgiveness programs for those who work in public service or other qualifying fields.Conclusion:Student loans are a critical tool for accessing higher education,but they also come with significant responsibilities.As students consider their options,it is essential to weigh the benefits against the potential longterm financial implications.With careful planning and responsible borrowing,student loans can be a stepping stone to a brighter future rather than a burden that weighs down ones aspirations.。
studentloans阅读理解
studentloans阅读理解
学生贷款是指由政府或私人机构提供的贷款，用于资助学生完成教育和培训。
这些贷款通常会用于支付学费、住宿和生活费用等相关费用。
2. 学生贷款的种类？
学生贷款有几种不同的类型。
其中，联邦贷款(Federal loans)是由美国政府提供的贷款，包括直接贷款(Direct loans)和间接贷款(FFEL loans)。
私人贷款(Private loans)是由私人机构提供的贷款，通常利率较高。
另外，还有一种名为PLUS loans的贷款，是由家长为孩子提供的教育贷款。
3. 学生贷款的还款方式？
学生贷款的还款方式有多种。
其中，联邦贷款的还款方式包括标准还款计划(Standard Repayment Plan)、延期还款计划(Deferment Plan)、收入驱动还款计划(Income-Driven Repayment Plan)等。
私人贷款的还款方式则由借款机构决定，通常包括固定还款、分期还款、延期还款等方式。
4. 学生贷款的风险？
学生贷款的风险包括负债风险和信用风险。
负债风险指的是如果借款人无法及时、足额地还款，则可能会面临拖欠、违约等后果，甚至会影响到其信用记录。
信用风险则指借款人在未来需要借贷时，由于之前的学生贷款还款问题，可能会被银行或其他借贷机构拒绝。
5. 如何避免学生贷款的风险？
避免学生贷款风险的方法包括：提前规划，选择适合自己的还款计划；尽可能减少借款额度，不要过度借贷；在还款期限内尽量保持良好的信用记录，及时还款。
此外，还可以考虑申请奖学金、助学金等资助方式来减轻经济上的压力。
网上贷款英语作文
The Pros and Cons of Online LoansIn recent years, online loans have become increasingly popular as a convenient and fast way to access funds. With the advent of technology, people can now apply for and receive loans without having to visit a physical bank or lending institution. While online loans offer a number of advantages, they also come with some significant drawbacks. This article will explore the pros and cons of online loans to help you make an informed decision about whether this type of borrowing is right for you.**The Pros of Online Loans**1. **Convenience**: The most obvious benefit of online loans is their convenience. You can apply for a loan anytime, anywhere, as long as you have an internet connection. This eliminates the need to take time out of your busy schedule to visit a bank or lending institution.2. **Quick Approval**: Many online loan applications are approved within minutes or hours, rather than days or weeks. This speedy approval process is ideal for those who need access to funds quickly.3. **Wide Range of Options**: Online loan platforms typically offer a wide range of loanproducts, including personal loans, payday loans, and lines of credit. This variety allows borrowers to choose the loan that best suits their needs. 4. **Improved Access toCredit**: Online loans can provide access to credit for those who may not qualify for traditional bank loans due to poor credit history or lack of collateral.**The Cons of Online Loans**1. **High Interest Rates**: Online loans often come with higher interest rates than traditional bank loans. This is because online lenders typically charge higher fees to offset the risk of lending to borrowers with less-than-stellar credit histories.2. **Risk of Scams**: Theinternet is a breeding ground for scams, and online loan applications are no exception. Borrowers should be careful when choosing an online lender, ensuring that they are dealing with a reputable and licensed institution. 3.**Lack of Personalized Service**: While online loans offer convenience, they lack the personalized service that many borrowers value. You won't have a face-to-face meeting witha loan officer to discuss your specific needs or concerns.4. **Potential for Over-Borrowing**: The ease of accessingonline loans can lead to a temptation to borrow more than you can afford to repay. Borrowers should be careful to avoid taking on more debt than they can handle.**In Conclusion**Online loans offer a convenient and fast way to access funds, but they also come with some significant drawbacks. Before applying for an online loan, it's important to weigh the pros and cons and consider your specific needs and financial situation. If you're looking for a loan, make sure to shop around and compare offers from multiple lenders to find the best deal. And remember, borrowing money is a serious financial decision, so take your time and make sure you understand all the terms and conditions before signing on the dotted line.**网上贷款的利弊**近年来，网上贷款作为一种便捷、快速的资金获取方式变得越来越受欢迎。
校园贷款的英语作文
校园贷款的英语作文Here is an English essay on the topic of campus loans, with a word count of over 1,000 words.The Burden of Campus Loans: Navigating the Financial Challenges of Higher EducationAs the cost of higher education continues to soar, many students find themselves turning to campus loans to finance their academic pursuits. While these loans can provide much-needed financial support, they also come with a significant burden that can have long-lasting implications on the lives of young individuals.One of the primary concerns with campus loans is the sheer amount of debt that students accumulate over the course of their studies. According to recent data, the average student loan debt for graduates in the United States stands at a staggering $29,000. This figure can be even higher for students attending private institutions or pursuing advanced degrees. The weight of this debt can be overwhelming, often forcing graduates to make difficult choices about their future, such as delaying major life events like buying a home or starting a family.Moreover, the interest rates associated with campus loans can be a significant source of financial strain. While federal student loans typically offer more favorable interest rates, private loans can come with much higher rates, further exacerbating the burden on borrowers. This can lead to a situation where individuals are paying more in interest than the principal amount of the loan, making it increasingly challenging to pay off the debt in a timely manner.Another concern with campus loans is the impact they can have on a student's academic and personal well-being. The constant worry about repaying the loans can create significant stress and anxiety, which can ultimately affect a student's academic performance, mental health, and overall quality of life. This stress can also limit a student's ability to fully engage in extracurricular activities, internships, or other opportunities that could enhance their educational and professional development.Furthermore, the repayment process for campus loans can be complex and confusing, leaving many borrowers unsure of their options and obligations. Navigating the various repayment plans, deferment and forbearance options, and loan forgiveness programs can be a daunting task, often requiring extensive research and communication with lenders. This complexity can lead to missed payments, late fees, and further financial difficulties, making it evenharder for borrowers to regain control of their financial situation.Despite these challenges, it is important to recognize that campus loans can also provide valuable opportunities for students who might not otherwise have access to higher education. For many, these loans are a necessary and essential tool for pursuing their academic and professional goals. However, it is crucial that students and their families carefully consider the long-term implications of taking on this debt and explore all available options, including scholarships, grants, and work-study programs, to minimize the financial burden.To address the growing issue of campus loans, policymakers, educational institutions, and financial institutions must work together to develop more sustainable and equitable solutions. This may include increasing investment in higher education to reduce the overall cost, expanding loan forgiveness programs, and improving financial literacy education to help students make informed decisions about their borrowing.In conclusion, the burden of campus loans is a complex and multifaceted issue that affects the lives of millions of students and graduates. While these loans can provide crucial financial support, they also come with significant challenges that can have long-lasting consequences. By addressing the systemic issues underlying thecampus loan crisis and empowering students with the knowledge and resources they need to make informed financial decisions, we can work towards a future where higher education is more accessible and affordable for all.。
loan的用法和搭配
loan的用法和搭配一、loan的基本概念和定义在日常生活中，loan是一个非常常见的词汇。
当我们需要凑钱购房、购车、或是开启自己的创业计划时，很可能会选择申请贷款（loan）。
除此之外，在商业领域，贷款也是许多企业融资的重要手段之一。
那么，什么是loan呢？简而言之，loan指的是从金融机构（如银行）或个人那里借入资金，并按照协议约定的期限、利率和还款方式逐步偿还这笔借款的过程。
借入方通常需支付额外费用作为对该笔贷款使用权利的报酬。
二、loan与不同场景下的搭配用法1. 个人消费贷款（Personal Loans）个人消费贷款指个人向银行或其他金融机构申请的贷款，主要用于满足消费需求，如购买家电、旅游度假等。
这类贷款通常以固定利率和分期付款方式提供给借入方。
个人消费贷款有助于提高居民消费能力并刺激经济增长。
2. 房屋抵押贷款（Mortgages）房屋抵押贷款是一种用于购买房产的常见贷款形式。
在此类贷款中，借入方将所购房产作为担保，若出现违约情况，则银行有权将房产变卖以偿还贷款。
由于金额较大且期限长，房屋抵押贷款通常要求借入方提供一定的首付款，并接受房屋评估及信用审查。
3. 商业贷款（Business Loans）商业贷款是企业为了实现经营扩张、产品研发等目标而向金融机构申请的资金支持。
相比个人消费贷款和房屋抵押贷款，商业贷款通常具有更高额度、更复杂的审批程序和更灵活的利率形式。
根据不同需求，商业贷款可细分为设备融资、短期营运资本贷款、项目融资等类型。
4. 教育助学贷款（Student Loans）教育助学贷款主要用于支持学生完成高等教育或职业培训阶段的学习成本。
这类贷款通常以较低利率提供给需要经济援助的学生，其东道国在学生毕业后会规定一定的还款期限，使得学生能有足够时间找到合适工作并开始还款。
5. 汽车贷款（Auto Loans）汽车贷款是购买汽车的常用贷款方式。
借入方以所购买汽车作为抵押物，通过向金融机构支付首付款并签订分期还款协议的方式来实现购车。
贷款英语作文
贷款英语作文Title: Essay on Loans。
Loans play a pivotal role in today's economy, serving as a financial tool that enables individuals, businesses, and governments to achieve various goals and objectives. Understanding the concept of loans, their types, implications, and significance is crucial in navigating the complex landscape of personal and institutional finance.At its core, a loan refers to a sum of money borrowed by an individual, organization, or government from another entity, typically a financial institution, with the promise of repayment within a specified period, often with added interest or fees. Loans facilitate various activities, including but not limited to investment in education, purchasing real estate, starting or expanding businesses, and covering unforeseen expenses.The types of loans available in the financial marketare diverse, each tailored to meet specific needs and circumstances. Personal loans, for instance, are often used for consolidating debt, covering medical expenses, or financing travel. Mortgage loans are designed for purchasing homes, while auto loans facilitate the acquisition of vehicles. Additionally, business loans support entrepreneurs in establishing or scaling their ventures, while student loans make higher education accessible to aspiring individuals.The process of obtaining a loan typically involves several steps, beginning with the application stage. Applicants are required to provide detailed information about their financial status, including income, assets, liabilities, and credit history. Financial institutions use this information to assess the borrower's creditworthiness and determine the terms and conditions of the loan, such as the interest rate, repayment schedule, and collateral requirements.Credit scores play a significant role in the loan approval process, serving as a measure of an individual'screditworthiness based on their past credit behavior. A high credit score indicates a lower risk for the lender, resulting in more favorable loan terms, such as lower interest rates and higher borrowing limits. Conversely, a low credit score may lead to higher interest rates or outright rejection of the loan application.Interest rates are a critical aspect of loans, representing the cost of borrowing money over time. They can be fixed or variable, depending on the type of loan and prevailing market conditions. Fixed interest rates remain constant throughout the loan term, providing borrowers with predictability and stability in their monthly payments. In contrast, variable interest rates fluctuate in response to changes in market rates, potentially affecting the affordability of the loan over time.Repayment terms vary depending on the type of loan and the agreement between the borrower and the lender. Most loans require regular payments, typically monthly, comprising both principal and interest components. Early repayment of loans is often encouraged, as it reduces thetotal interest paid over the life of the loan and enables borrowers to become debt-free sooner.While loans offer numerous benefits, including access to funds for achieving various goals, they also carry certain risks and responsibilities. Failure to repay a loan as per the agreed-upon terms can have serious consequences, including damage to one's credit score, seizure of collateral, and legal action by the lender. Therefore, borrowers must exercise prudence and diligence in managing their loan obligations to avoid financial distress.In conclusion, loans serve as a valuable financial tool that empowers individuals, businesses, and governments to pursue their objectives and aspirations. By understanding the intricacies of loans, including their types, processes, and implications, borrowers can make informed decisionsthat align with their financial goals and circumstances. However, it is essential to approach borrowing responsibly, ensuring timely repayment to avoid adverse consequences and maintain financial well-being.。
loan的用法与语法
loan的用法与语法一、Loan的定义及基本用法在英语中，loan是一个常见的名词和动词。
作为名词，loan表示借款、贷款或提供的财务援助。
作为动词，loan则意味着借给或贷给他人钱款。
1.1 名词用法在金融领域中，loan通常指的是银行或金融机构向个人或企业提供的资金支持。
这种贷款可以用于购买房屋、汽车、进行企业投资等各种目的。
比如，“I appliedfor a loan from the bank to start my own business.”（我向银行申请了一笔贷款来创办自己的生意。
）此外，loan也可以指代从他人处借来并需要归还的物品或价值。
“My friend kindly gave me a loan of his camera for my trip.”（我的朋友慷慨地把他的相机借给我去旅行了。
）在这种情况下，借用别人的物品时要按期归还，并尽量保持其良好状态。
1.2 动词用法作为动词，loan表示“贷款”或“借出”。
当我们将钱或其他物品借给他人时，就可以使用该动词。
“I will loan you $100 until you get paid next week.”（我会借给你100美元，直到下周你拿到工资。
）这种用法强调的是提供临时援助，并明确了借款的金额和时间。
二、Loan常见的语法搭配2.1 Loan后接介词to在英语中，loan后经常会使用介词to。
这是因为loan通常被视为一种财务援助或借出行为，“to”则表示接收者。
“The bank agreed to loan money to the small business.”（银行同意向小企业贷款。
）2.2 Loan与borrow的区别虽然loan和borrow都涉及到借钱或借物品的意思，但它们在用法上有所不同。
当我们从某人处获得贷款时，我们可以说是从他们那里loan了钱；而当我们从某人那里获得钱或物品时，则可以说是borrowed。
关于偿还的英语短语
关于偿还的英语短语偿还，归还所欠的。
多用于债务﹑命案或各种实物等。
下面是店铺给大家整理的关于偿还的英语短语，供大家参阅!关于偿还的英语短语篇11. The Commonwealth Development Corporation has agreed to reschedule Tanzania's debt.英联邦开发公司已经同意推迟坦桑尼亚的债务偿还时间。
2. The President is also expected to request a rescheduling of loan repayments.预计总统还会要求延长借款偿还期限。
3. Loans were extended to help pay the interest on the old ones.这些贷款延期偿还以支付旧账利息。
4. He was declared bankrupt after failing to pay a £114m loan guarantee.由于无力偿还1.14亿英镑的贷款担保，他被宣布破产。
5. His main task is to raise enough finance to repay secured loans.他的主要任务是筹集足够的资金以偿还抵押贷款。
6. I owe them a debt that cannot easily be repaid.我欠他们一笔钱，不容易偿还。
7. The bank advanced $1.2 billion to help the country with debt repayments.银行预支12亿美元帮助该国偿还债务。
8. The amount required to redeem the mortgage was £358,587.需要偿还的抵押贷款总计358,587英镑。
9. He limited payments on the country's foreign debt.他对该国外债的偿还作出了限制。
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According to maturity
According to interest rate
Those with a rate of
Fixed rate loans
interest that varies with
the market , more particularly with an
generally refer to loans
In order to better understand the different categories of loans , we can divide them according to different criteria .
those with maturity of one year or less are called short-term loans while those with maturity exceeding one year are called medium- or long-term loans
We have real estate development loans (房地产开发贷款）, mortgage loans , agricultural loan , education loan , etc.
Fixed asset loans （固定资产贷款）refer to loans granted by a bank to meet the demands of enterprises in their investments in fixed assets .
According to gories of loans
There are various methods lenders use to categorize loans ,both for internal control and for reporting lending activity to governmental agencies , for example , classification by maturity , industry , security , and type of borrower.
According to nature of common usages
Working capital loan(营运资金贷款） is a short-term business loan financing the purchase of incomegenerating assets , principally inventory .
bank between a borrower and itself
A syndicated loan （银团贷款）is a very large loan extended by a group of banks to a corporate borrower . These syndicate banks share credit information and credit risk .
According to type of borrowers
Those to borrowers that are either companies or institutions are called corporate and institutional
loans .
Those to borrowers that are individuals are called personal loans .
on which the borrower receives a predetermined
agreed reference
standard , e. g. ,the London Inter-bank
and unchanging rate of
interest on the principal as opposed to the non-
Offered Rate are called
floating rate loans .
guaranteed , variable
interest rate
According to number of lenders
A bilateral loan (双边贷款)is a loan arranged by a