(精品)初中英语长难句——语篇从句讲义(初中学生版)
初中英语语法教学课件--简单句 - 长难句(并列句、复合句)课件(共22张PPT)
scientific establishment cannot generally
be foreseen in detail.
4. Decades later, however, plastic's very durability (耐用性) is raising questions about how appropriate it is for onetime products such as plastic bags, or shortlived consumer goods, used in the home for a few years and then cast into a landfill where they will degrade for centuries.
Whereas=while 并列连词
…, it wasn’t unusual to hear a man
say that he didn’t know that his
宾语从句
friend’s marriage was in serious
trouble until he appeared one night
随着科学研究程序达到高度标准化并被广 泛接受，在当今世界上，科学已变得如此 重要，以至被纳入现代社会制度之中。
2. Decision thinking is not unlike poker it often matters not only what you think, but also what others think you think and what you think they think you think.
一些公司已经把洁净安全产品的生产作为他 们的主要卖点,并在他们的广告中做了强调。
英语初中语法单词总结(通用4篇)
英语初中语法单词总结第1篇一、根据章节先把相同知识点归类。
事先要对教材知识点进行横向的把握，这样有利于明确复习方向，提高复习效率。
或许我们可以从这两个方面著手：1.词汇的归类总结。
语言学家Harmer认为“如果说结构是语言的骨骼，词汇就是最重的器官和血肉”词汇的积累和扩大始终是我们要关注的重点，这就决定了检测词汇很重要，关乎到学生对四会词语的基本使用。
我们一天复习三单元，这其中就包括三个单元的单词，课文、知识点。
我们是通过命题式的竞赛写相同种类的词或使用powerpoint做竞赛式的抢答来达到对单元词汇的初步巩固。
这两种方法都可以充分让学生使用脑子，动起手把知识有效地输出。
2.相似词句的归类，对比性地归纳，要着重与词类用法的检测。
通过最接近考试题型的笔头反复操练就能达到强化提高语法题目的解题技巧。
我个人觉得这个部分的检测不宜放太大的难度，毕竟考试是面对全体学生，测试的目的是要让他们学有所长学有所成。
培养学生创新的实践能力在此尤为值得我们关注了。
二、反复的练习是加以巩固学生对重点内容的最佳方法。
练习要注意多变性及灵活性。
我们的测试目的始终以检查学生对知识的掌握是否达到考纲要求为目的的，但是也不能忽视对不同学生优势培训。
我大致的分类——四个不同等级。
①选择题类型.难度低，适合检查全体学生对重点知识点的掌握情况，故可以放在第一次的复习课中;②句型转换.难道适中，此句型多会在同义句或画线提问的形式出现，可以考测学生对重点句型的认知深度;③翻译题，难度较大，这种题目既考学生对词组的熟练程度，也考学生对词组的应用能力，这是属于我们说的另一种拓展题目了。
④作文操练。
考学生的对词组的综合操控能了。
本人建议可以布置为1分钟的口语测试。
由于不仅提高学生的口语表达能力，还提高听力能力。
英语初中语法单词总结第2篇1.着重学习易混淆词之间的区别英语有很多单词声音或拼写相同，含义却很不相同。
这些同形异义词，同音异义词，同形异音词和同音异形词非常容易混淆，并导致常见的错误。
(完整版)英语长难句精解70句
难句在考研阅读、完型填空和翻译中的出现频率很高，无论句子有多长、结构有多复杂，它都由一些基本的成分组成的。
从结构来说，英语句子中，除了谓语之外，其它的成分均可以由从句或者非谓语动词来充当。
从句子本身是一个完整的句子，因此，从句与从句之间的关系可能包孕、套嵌，也可能并列，平行。
从功能来说，英语有三大复合句，即:①名词性从句，包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句;②形容词性从句，即我们平常所说的定语从句;③状语从句。
非谓语动词可以有自己的时态和语态（过去分词除外），也可以跟自己的逻辑主语、宾语、状语等成分，构成一个非谓语动词结构。
由于非谓语动词和从句的这些特点，使英语句子从理论上讲可以无限延长。
英语长句的分析方法：去枝叶，留主干。
1）划出句子中的定语从句和状语从句;2）划出所有介词短语（位于be动词后的除外）；3）名词性从句看作一个整体,找出句中所有的谓语结构、非谓语结构、介词短语和从句的引导词;4）非谓语动词结构看作一个整体；5）找出全句的主语、谓语和宾语，即句子的主干；6）分析从句的结构和非谓语动词的内部结构。
长难句分析的步骤举例：经典例题（2001年考研完型填空第二段）In a significant tightening of legal controls over the press, Lord Irvine, the Lord Chancellor, will introduce a draft bill that will propose making payments to witnesses illegal and will strictly control the amount of publicity that can be given to a case before a trial begins.分析:第一，划出定语从句和状语从句: that will propose making payments to witnesses illegal and will strictly control the amount of publicity /that can be given to a case /before a trial begins.第二，划出介词短语：In a significant tightening of legal controls over the press第三，句子的结构分析:（1）主干结构是主语（Lord Irvine含同位语the Lord Chancellor）+将来时谓语（will introduce）+宾语（a draft bill）；（2）that引导的定语从句修饰draft bill,其中，will propose 是第一个谓语，making payments to witnesses illegal是一个动名词短语做宾语，在动名词短语内部，payments to witnesses做making的宾语，illegal是宾补；第二个谓语是will strictly control, the amount of publicity是它的宾语。
(全)初中英语-长难句拆解-详解
初中英语-长难句拆解-详解以人教版英语第八册教材为例，详细整理如何在英语学习中首脑并用。
I arrived in Penang in Malaysia this morning with my family.人教版第八册课文句子成分解析词法：arrive 不可以直接加名词，注意本句中介词与动词的搭配。
句法结构：本句只有主语，谓语，其余成分皆是状语。
语义整理：汉语中，状语前置。
推理分析：表明时间，地点，人物，说明本文既可以是说明文，也可以是记叙文。
It was sunny and hot, so we decided to go to the beach near our hotel. 人教版第八册教材句子成分解析词法：near引导的成分，修饰其前面的名词。
to go 非谓语动词作宾语。
句法结构：本句是主从句，so 引导的是原因状语从句。
语义整理：it指天气。
推理分析：承接前文的时间，地点，人物，这里继续描写事件。
My sister and I tried paragliding.人教版第八册英语课文词法：trying，后面既可以出现to do,也可以出现doing。
句法：doing作宾语。
推理分析：详细梳理事件。
I felt like I was a bird.人教版英语第八册课文词法：like此处不是动词，是介词。
句法：两套主谓结构。
推理分析：用比喻，加强对事件的详细描述。
It was so exciting!人教版英语第八册课文词法：excited，多指人，exciting多指物。
推理分析：与上文指的是同一事件。
For lunch, we had something very special-Malaysian yellow noodles. 人教版，英语第八册课文词法：special与副词，名词的转换。
句法：状语如果出现在主语之前，多用逗号隔开。
语义整理：此处have是吃的意思。
推理分析：与上文所谈，不是同一件事。
(完整版)长难句重难点整理
长难句（1）考研英语长难句四大类型及五大特点一、长难句的特点英语长句一般指的是各种复杂句，复杂句里可能有多个从句，从句与从句之间的关系可能包孕、嵌套，也可能并列或平行。
从功能来说，英语有三大复合句,即：①名词性从句，包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句；②形容词性从句，即我们平常所说的定语从句；③状语从句。
英语长难句五大特点:1）结构复杂，逻辑层次多;2)常须根据上下文作词义的引申;3）常须根据上下文对指代词的指代关系做出判断;4)并列成分多;5）修饰语多，特别是后置定语很长；二、考研英语长难句分析类别第一类：复杂修饰成分句子本不难，但是修饰成分多且长。
1、从句（定语、状语、同位语从句等)修饰；2、介词短语修饰;3、分词修饰;4、不定式修饰。
经常是在同一个句子里既有从句又有介词短语，且都不止一个.例：The methods that a community devises to perpetuate itself come into being to preserve aspects of the cultural legacy that community perceives as essential.分析：主语:The methods；谓语：come into being；that a community devises to perpetuate itself为定语从句，修饰the methods；不定式to表示目的状语;that community perceives as essential为定语从句，修饰the cultural legacy。
译文:一个社会设计出来保存自己的方法得以形成来保持那个社会认为最重要的一些方面。
第二类：大段的插入与或同位语，打断读者的思路，割裂前后之间的语义，造成理解的困难。
我们称之为“打岔”。
例:Moreover, I can feel strong emotions in response to objects of art that are interpretations， rather than representations, of reality.分析:在浏览该句时，发现句子中出现了双逗号,其中间的内容rather than representations为插入语，浏览的时候先跳过。
初中英语分析长难句
1. First put forward by the French mathematician Pierre de Format in the seventeenth century, the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds, including a French woman scientist who made a major advance in working out the problem, and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Ecolab polytechnique.这个定理，先是由十七世纪法国数学家皮尔法特提出，曾使一批杰出的数学大师为难，包括一位法国女科学家，她在解决这个难题方面取得了重大的进展，她曾女扮男装为了能够在伊科尔理工学院学习。
简析：夹杂过去分词短语，现在分词短语，动名词及两个定语从句。
2. It is difficult to measure the quantity of paper used as a result of use of Internet-connected computers, although just about anyone who works in an office can tell you that when e-mail is introduced, the printers start working overtime. That is, the growing demand for paper in recent years is largely due to the increased use of the Internet.由于因特网的使用，计算所使用的纸张的数量是很难的，然而几乎任何在办公室工作的人能告诉你，当引进电子邮件后，打印机就开始超时工作。
(全)2021中考英语-长难句-分析详解含译文
中考英语-长难句-分析详解含译文一、We all need heroes. We need to be able to respect people who have been there, done that, and succeeded. Many times the greatest heroes are the people we deal with every day - relatives（亲戚）, friends, and neighbors - who will keep going when it is easier to give up.二、词汇突破：1. be able to 能够；2. respect 尊敬，敬重；3. people who have been there 先行者；4. deal with 打交道，处理；5. neighbor 邻居；6. keep going 继续下去；7. give up 放弃；三、拆分句子:Many times the greatest heroes are the people we deal with every day - relatives（亲戚）, friends, and neighbors - who will keep going when it is easier to give up.本句话拆分后：1. Many times the greatest heroes are the people；2. (who) we deal with every day; who指代的是people, 在定语从句中做宾语，可以省略；3. relatives（亲戚）, friends, and neighbors；是the people的同位语；4. who will keep going；who指代的是people;5. when it is easier to give up;四、参考译文：我们都需要英雄。
语法讲义--长难句分析完整版
I don’t think people are capable of that anymore. (2016, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 4)
断开长难句 – 考场攻略 攻略 1：先找从句，但先看主句
攻略 2：不要纠结从句
… when we come to think back on it, we can’t remember the journey well because we didn’t pay much attention to it. (2015, Translation)
On one hand, that viewpoint is a logical product of America’s evolution. (2018, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 1)
断开长难句： 标点/连接词 – 练习 Twenty‐seven students were told which pens were electrified; another twenty‐seven were told only that some were electrified. (2018, Use of English)
(2010, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 1)
The hardest task that television asks of anyone is to turn the power off after பைடு நூலகம்e has turned it on. (英语一, 2012, Reading Comprehension, Part B)
初中英语长难句分析（三）
句子变长的秘密（二）并列句一、并列句的构成：并列句是由并列连词and，but，or，for，so等把两个或两个以上互不依从，但意思紧密联系的简单句连在一起而构成的句子。
其结构为：句子+并列连词+句子。
二、并列句的分类：1. 表示同等关系的并列句这类并列句常用并列连词and连接前后简单句，and常译为“和”、“并且”，也可不译出来。
例如：He likes playing football and he plays well.他喜欢踢足球，并且踢得很好。
Last year l met Kate and we became friends.去年我和凯特相遇，我们成了朋友。
2. 表示转折关系的并列句这类并列句常用并列连词but(但是)，yet(可是)，while(而，另一方面)，however(可是)等连接前后简单句，but常译为“但是”，“可是”，切不可与从属连词though或although一起使用。
例如：It has no mouth, but it can talk. 它没有嘴巴，但是它会说话。
School is over, yet all the teachers are still working.学校放学了，可是老师们仍然在工作。
He wants to be a writer, while I want to be a scientist. 他想当作家，而我则想当科学家。
It's raining hard, however, we must go out. 雨下得很大，然而我们必须出去。
3. 表示选择关系的并列句这类并列句常用并列连词or(或者，否则)等连接前后简单句。
or有两重含义：(1)译为“或者”，表示选择。
例如：Now you can have a rest or you can go to the cinema．现在你可以休息，或者去看电影。
(2)译为“否则”、“要不然”，表示条件。
(全)初中英语长难句的形成规律：多功能短语+从句层级嵌入+调整语序
初中英语长难句的形成规律：多功能短语+从句层级嵌入+调整语序一，乱序。
当句子的主谓宾定状补成分，打乱顺序，学生也应该能清晰的看懂句子的成分结构。
例句：What Do No. 5 High School Students Do in Their Free Time?人教版英语第八册特殊疑问句的句子成分结构英语中，句子成分的作用，不受语序影响。
二，利用介词短语功能和位置的多变，干扰学生确定句子成分。
一般情况下，介词短语在句子中，是作状语的。
例如：Last month we asked our students about their free time activities.人教版英语教材介词短语作状语但是，介词短语还可以作表语。
例如：Our questions were about exercise, use of the Internet and watching TV.介词短语作表语本句和上句中同样都有about引导的介词短语，但是上句中的about就是中规中矩的状语，而本句中about短语在句子中作表语。
介词短语的平行出现，也能拉长句子的长度。
例如：Most students use it for fun and not for homework.人教版英语句子成分结构还有，考试中，还经常能见到介词短语作定语的句子。
例如：The answers to our questions about watching television were also interesting.人教版英语八册介词短语作定语本句中，to为介词，to+名词在本句中很明显，是在修饰其前面的the answers。
然后，在考试中，真正有难度的句子，是将介词短语，从句，和非谓语等多个知识要点，融合在一个句子中的长难复杂句。
例如：It is good to relax by using the Internet or watching game showe shows, but we think the best way to relax is through exercise.人教版第八册长难复杂句的成分结构本句中，出现的考试难点有：形式主语，to do非谓语结构作主语，而且在谓语后面平行并列了两个doing充当的状语成分；宾语从句，从句的主语中又出现了to do作定语的成分；through引导的介词短语，在从句中，充当表语。
(完整版)英语长难句精解70句
难句在考研阅读、完型填空和翻译中的出现频率很高，无论句子有多长、结构有多复杂，它都由一些基本的成分组成的。
从结构来说，英语句子中，除了谓语之外，其它的成分均可以由从句或者非谓语动词来充当。
从句子本身是一个完整的句子，因此，从句与从句之间的关系可能包孕、套嵌，也可能并列，平行。
从功能来说，英语有三大复合句，即:①名词性从句，包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句;②形容词性从句，即我们平常所说的定语从句;③状语从句。
非谓语动词可以有自己的时态和语态（过去分词除外），也可以跟自己的逻辑主语、宾语、状语等成分，构成一个非谓语动词结构。
由于非谓语动词和从句的这些特点，使英语句子从理论上讲可以无限延长。
英语长句的分析方法：去枝叶，留主干。
1）划出句子中的定语从句和状语从句;2）划出所有介词短语（位于be动词后的除外）；3）名词性从句看作一个整体,找出句中所有的谓语结构、非谓语结构、介词短语和从句的引导词;4）非谓语动词结构看作一个整体；5）找出全句的主语、谓语和宾语，即句子的主干；6）分析从句的结构和非谓语动词的内部结构。
长难句分析的步骤举例：经典例题（2001年考研完型填空第二段）In a significant tightening of legal controls over the press, Lord Irvine, the Lord Chancellor, will introduce a draft bill that will propose making payments to witnesses illegal and will strictly control the amount of publicity that can be given to a case before a trial begins.分析:第一，划出定语从句和状语从句: that will propose making payments to witnesses illegal and will strictly control the amount of publicity /that can be given to a case /before a trial begins.第二，划出介词短语：In a significant tightening of legal controls over the press第三，句子的结构分析:（1）主干结构是主语（Lord Irvine含同位语the Lord Chancellor）+将来时谓语（will introduce）+宾语（a draft bill）；（2）that引导的定语从句修饰draft bill,其中，will propose 是第一个谓语，making payments to witnesses illegal是一个动名词短语做宾语，在动名词短语内部，payments to witnesses做making的宾语，illegal是宾补；第二个谓语是will strictly control, the amount of publicity是它的宾语。
初中英语长难句子成分析方法
初中英语长难句子成分析方法
1.首先，确定句子的主干部分，即句子的主语和谓语动词。
2.然后，找出句子中的定语从句、状语从句、主语从句或宾语从句等从句部分，并分析从句的主语、谓语等成分。
3.接下来，找出句子中的主语、宾语、宾补、表语、定语、状语、同位语等成分，并分析它们的修饰成分。
4.最后，分析是否存在并列结构或者插入语，并对其进行分析。
举例：
原句：The teacher who is standing at the front of the classroom is our English teacher.
分析：
- 主干部分：The teacher是主语，is standing是谓语动词。
- 定语从句：who is standing at the front of the classroom修饰The teacher，who是定语从句的主语，is standing是谓语动词。
- 定语：at the front修饰of the classroom。
- 主语：our English teacher。
- 定语：our修饰English teacher。
- 状语：at the front of the classroom。
通过以上分析方法，我们可以较为清晰地分析出长难句的各个成分，帮助我们更好地理解句子的结构和意义。
初中英语学习中的重要知识点与难点解析
初中英语学习中的重要知识点与难点解析英语作为一门国际通用语言，在初中阶段的学习中占据着重要的地位。
然而，对于初学者来说，英语学习可能会带来一些挑战和困惑。
本文将重点探讨初中英语学习中的重要知识点与难点，并提供解析。
一、语法知识点1. 时态时态是英语语法中的一个重要概念。
初中阶段主要学习并应用的时态有一般现在时、一般过去时和一般将来时。
这些时态的正确运用对于表达句子的时间关系至关重要。
例句：“I play basketball every Sunday.”（我每个星期天打篮球。
）例句：“She studied English yesterday.”（她昨天学习了英语。
）例句：“We will go shopping tomorrow.”（我们明天将去购物。
）2. 从句与复合句从句和复合句在英语语法中也是一个较难掌握的知识点。
从句在句子中充当一个独立的句子成分，起到连接两个句子的作用。
复合句包含一个主句和一个或多个从句。
例句：“I like the book that you recommended.”（我喜欢你推荐的那本书。
）例句：“He went to bed early because he was tired.”（他因为累了所以早早上床睡觉。
）二、词汇难点1. 同音词与近义词英语中存在许多同音词和近义词，这给初中学生带来了一定的困惑。
正确理解和运用这些词汇是扩大词汇量的关键。
例句：“buy”和“by”是同音词，但意义完全不同。
例句：“happy”和“glad”是近义词，都表示“高兴”，但在用法上有细微差别。
2. 常见短语学习常见短语也是初中英语的重要内容。
短语是由多个单词组合而成，具有固定的搭配和意义。
学生需要积累并掌握常见短语的用法。
例句：“take care of”（照顾）例句：“look forward to”（期待）三、听力难点1. 语速和语调英语口语在语速和语调上与中文有很大的差异。
初中英语阅读学前必备长难句知识
初中英语阅读学前必备长难句知识------------------------------------------作者xxxx------------------------------------------日期xxxx翻译句子1. The girl sitting next to him is his sister.2. I'm waiting for the train leaving for Beijing.3. I found John reading that book .4. I heard someone knocking at the door when I fell asleep.5. John was found reading that book.6. The manager caught me smoking in the office again.7. Walking in the street, I saw him.8. Considering for so long a time, he had no idea about it.9. His father died, leaving him a lot of money.10. He fell off his bike, breaking his legs.11. How do you like Beijing?12. The bridge built last month needs repairing.13. All the windows broken have been repaired.14. He wanted to get someone reliable to help in this work.15. The pen bought by her is made in China.16. I noticed him greeting people passing by without gloves on their hands.17. He looks angry. It sounds good. The flowers smell beautiful.The sweets taste sweet. The silk feels soft. I felt tired. They all looked tired.18.That is when I noticed all eyes in the restaurant were set on me, judging my every action.注意OF19.All of the bittersweet (sad and happy) memories of growing up with my sister came into my mind … from when I was young and Brandy telling me that my clothes were ugly, to when I copied her every move because I looked up to her so much. 20.Li Xia has the chance of standing up, but she needs an operation (手术）which will cost lots of money.21.The idea of learning from my dad was not so exciting.22.Many people welcome the city’s growth. But an increasing number of Dubainatives（迪拜本地人）worry the speed of change.23.The city is still a mix（混合体）of people from different countries.24.A group of fifteen-year-olds at a middle school in a town are holding a charity (慈善) sale to raise money to help their classmate Li Xia.25.18.双宾结构：pass / give / teach / offer / lend / send / sell / call / show / buy / ask / tell 等可加双宾结构。
初中英语阅读学前必备长难句知识(2021年整理)
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翻译句子1. The girl sitting next to him is his sister。
2。
I'm waiting for the train leaving for Beijing.3. I found John reading that book .4. I heard someone knocking at the door when I fell asleep。
5。
John was found reading that book。
6。
The manager caught me smoking in the office again。
7。
Walking in the street, I saw him。
8。
Considering for so long a time, he had no idea about it。
9。
His father died， leaving him a lot of money。
10。
He fell off his bike, breaking his legs。
11. How do you like Beijing?12. The bridge built last month needs repairing。
(全)人教版初中英语第九册-长难句解析
人教版初中英语第九册-长难句解析（1）Each different part of China has its own special forms of traditional art.句子成分结构本句，是一个只有一套主谓宾结构的简单句，词法部分，of用法，自己动词单三变形。
字面意思，中国各地，都有自己的传统艺术。
大多数人，阅读至此，过程结束。
然而真正的分析是：本句是一个结论，位于段首文首，作用是描述现实，而非表明态度。
说明本文内容是介绍说明的功能。
而且，本句概括力度极大，为下文详述细节暗藏铺垫。
（2)These usually try to show the things that are important in life, such as love, beauty and family.非谓语动词和定语从句第二句：词法to do 非谓语。
句法：to do 作宾语，定语从句。
字面意思是：一般来说：各地传统技艺都试图表达生活中重要的人爱，精美和家庭。
真正阅读，分析出的结论是：本句存在一个很小的转折，上句提及各地都有自己独特技术，本句却总结了他们的一个相同之处。
言外之意，形式不同，本质相似。
此隐形的转折，意在，笼统描述各地技术的共同点。
承接上句，并为引出下句中，具体的三种技术。
（3)The most common things, from paper to clay to bamboo, are turned into objects of beauty.插入语和被动第三句：词法，名词单复数，形容词，最高级。
句法：插入语和被动。
字面意思是：寻常之物，如纸张，泥土，竹子，也可称为精美之作。
真正阅读，分析出的内容是：承接上文笼统的技术的描述，同时为开启下文，具体的详细描述打先锋。
Each different part of China has its own special forms of traditional art.These usually try to show the things that are important in life, such as love, beauty and family. The most common things, from paper to clay to bamboo, are turned into objects of beauty.所以，本段，虽然只有三句，但是暗含启乘转折，这其中的乐趣，绝非只背单词和背语法者能体会。
初中长难句划分句子成分
初中长难句划分句子成分two months ago gullotta saw a 50-year-old man who had delayed doing anything about his smoker’s cough for a year.【分析】本句为复合句。
主句为gullotta saw a 50-year-old man。
who引导定语从句,修饰 a 50-year-old man。
delay后常接动名词，表示“推迟做某事”。
smoker’s cough指吸烟引起的咳嗽。
【译文】两个月前，古丽塔邂逅一位50岁的男人，他耽误了一年而未对抽烟引发的呕吐搞任何处置。
store managers are often the last to hear complaints, and often find out only when their regular customers decide to frequent their competitors, according to a study jointly conducted by verde group and wharton school.【分析】本句为同列复合句。
when鼓励时间状语从句，according to…就是介词短语。
conducted by verde group and wharton school作后置定语润色a study。
the lastone to do sth.意指“最后一个搞某事的人”。
【译文】据沃德集团和沃顿商学院所做的一份联合调查显示，商店经理总是最后一个接到投诉，并且通常是当他们的常客决定定期光顾他们的竞争对手时才发现。
“retailers who’re responsive and friendly are more likely to smooth over issues than those who aren’t so friendly,” said professor stephen hoc h. (年12月)【分析】本句中的直接引语为复合句。
2023年中考英语长难句方法重点讲解课件(共16张PPT)
(4) 综合法。 上面讲述了英语长句的顺译法、逆译法和分译法，事实上，
在翻译一个英语长句时，并不只是单纯地使用一种翻译方法，而是要求我 们把各种方法综合使用，这在我们上面所举的例子中也有所体现。尤其是 在一些情况下，英语长句如果单纯采用上述任何一种方法都不方便，这就 需要我们仔细分析，或按照时间的先后，或按照逻辑顺序，顺逆结合，主 次分明地对全句进行综合处理，以便把英语原文翻译成通顺忠实的汉语句 子。
长难句方法
① 我是李辉。(I am Li Hui.) 主-系-表
② 我爱你。(I love you. ) 主-谓-宾
① 我是中国的李辉。(I am Li Hui from China.) ② 我全心全意地爱你。(I love you with all my heart.)
After chatting with Laura on this matter for two hours from 2:00 to 4:00 in the afternoon, I returned to my office.
“At present they largely remain in the period of research studies,” notes Dr Greg Feero, special advisor to the director of genomic medicine at the US National Human Genome Research Institute.
这个句子中含有大量的"介词短语"这种修饰成分。我 们给这个句子中的全部介词短语加上括号，该句就会变 成：
(After chatting) (with Laura) (on this matter) (for two hours) (from 2:00) (to 4:00) (in the afternoon), I returned (to my office).
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初中英语阅读理解之长难句分析讲义语篇学语法——从句I arrived in London on a foggy day, to go to a very important meeting. The place①where the meeting was going to be hel d was on the other side of the town. All traffic came to a stop②because the drivers were not able to see more than a yard in front of them. The meeting would begin at 9:00, so I decided to go there on foot.Minutes later, I was completely lost. I stood there and though t③that I would have to phone to the meeting to explain④that I was not able to arrive there on time. Then I heard a young man’s voice coming out of the fog, “I suppose⑤you are lost. Can I help you?” I was very glad to have a ma n ⑥who could take me to the meeting. Afterward I told him⑦where I wanted to go, took his arm, and we started. We walked quite fast, turning corners and crossing roads.⑧As I followed him through the dark streets, I wondered⑨why he found his way so easily. “I know this part of London quite well,” he said.“But in such a fog it’s impossible to see anything,” I said.“I am blind, sir.” he answered, “In the fog, it is exactly the same for me as usual.”在英语语法中，按照句子结构，英语句子主要可以分为三种类型：简单句、并列句和复合句。
1.简单句：最基本的句子类型，一个句子中只含有一个主谓结构。
Eg：My uncle gives me a camera.2. 并列句：由两个或两个以上独立的主谓结构或简单句并列在一起的，通常用并列连词来连接两个或两个以上的句子，Eg：Jim went to the party last night, but his wife didn’t..Study hard and you will make progress.3. 复合句：由一个主句与一个或一个以上的从句（从句有相应的连词引导）组成的句子。
因此，复合句含有两个或两个以上的主谓结构（完整的句子），句子与句子之间用连接词连接。
其中，主句部分可以独立存在，但从句担当了主句某一句子成分，故通常不能独立存在。
根据从句在句子中充当的成分，可以将其分为6类，即主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句、定语从句和状语从句。
名词性从句1. 主语从句：，而不是用单词或短语来充当主语。
eg: (1) What you need is more practice.(2) When the meeting will be held has not been announced.(3) That he will not attend the meeting is clear.(4) Whether it will do us harm or good is unknown.注：有时，为了避免将太长的主语放在句首而使句子显得头重脚轻，通常用代词it做形式主语，而将真正的主语从句放到句子的后面。
例如：(1) It is clear that he will not attend the meeting.(2) It is unknown whether it will do us harm or good.主语从句引导词：①连词that （在从句中不担任成分，本身没有词义），②连词whether（意思是“是否”）③连接代词what，whatever，who，whoever，which等引导，④连接副词when，where，how，why等引导。
2. 表语从句：。
跟在系动词后面的句子成分就是表语。
eg: (1) That is what I want to say. （what在从句中充当，不能省略）(2) My opinion is that we should make a decision right now.(that只引导，本身无词义，在从句中也不充当任何句子成分，可以省略)(3) The problem is who should be responsible for this car accident.(who在从句中当，不能省略）(4) What I want to know （从句）is who is in charge of the work（从句）.(用于引导从句的what和引导从句的who都不能省略)(5) It looks as if it’s going to rain. （looks是系动词）3. 宾语从句：，在动词或介词的后面通常都跟有宾语。
引导宾语从句的连接词与主语从句和表语从句一样，是that, whether ( if ), who，whoever，which，when，where, how, why，what，whatever等。
例如本文中出现的几个宾语从句：(1) I stood there and thought ③that I would have to phone to the meeting to explain ④that I was not able to arrive there on time.第③句是thought的宾语从句，第④句是explain的宾语从句。
(2) I suppose ⑤you are lost.(这是suppose的宾语从句，省略了that).(3) Afterward I told him ⑦where I wanted to go, took his arm, and we started.（这是told的宾语从句，充当间接宾语，引导词where在从句中充当状语）(4) I wondered ⑨why he found his way so easily.(wondered的宾从，why在从句中充当状语）另外：宾语从句除了可以跟在及物动词之后外，还可以跟在介词的后面，充当介词的宾语。
Eg：Your composition is quite good except that there are some spelling mistakes.（充当介词except的宾语）What we should take with us （主语从句）depends on where we’ll stay.（充当介词on的宾语）在使用宾语从句时，要注意：1）宾语从句的时态①当主句是过去时的某种时态时，从句的时态也要用相应的过去时的时态。
Eg：The teacher asked him whether he had studied English for 6 years.②但如果主句是现在的时态，则从句的时态根据从句本身的实际情况而定。
Eg：I am glad that you passed the exam.2）that在引导宾语从句通常都省略，如上文中的第⑤句。
3）如果主句中it做形式宾语，而that引导宾语从句是真正的宾语时，that不能省略。
Eg：Many students take it for granted that their parents should do everything for them.（it是形式宾语，that引导的宾语从句是真正的宾语，不能省略that）形容词性从句5. 定语从句：。
在全句中相当于形容词，用来修饰先行词（即被定语从句修饰的词）——名词或代词，或修饰整个主句。
定语从句属于非独立性从句，本身不能独立存在，应该紧跟在它的先行词之后。
根据与先行词之间关系的密切程度，定语从句分为两类：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
由关系代词(who, whom, whose, which, that, as)或关系副词(when, where, why)引导的从句，限制性定语从句：与先行词的关系密切，如果将定语从句删掉，那么剩下的主句部分就会含混不清，另外，限制性定语从句之前不用标点符号。
如上文中：The place①where the meeting was going to be hel d was on the other side of the town.I was very glad to have a ma n ⑥who could take me to the meeting.非限制性定语从句：对先行词做进一步的解释或说明，如果删除掉，不影响整个句子的基本意思，通常用逗号与主句部分分开。
例如：(1) A student, whose name I don’t know, comes to see you.(2) They will fly to London, where they plan to stay for a week.(3) Tom didn’t pass the maths exam, which made his parents angry.(4) One of the most senic areas is the Loire Valley, where you can visit the old castles in which the kings and queens of France used to live.分析：在上文第①句The place①where the meeting was going to be hel d was on the other side of the town.中，主句部分是The place was on the other side of the town. 由关系副词where 引导的从句where the meeting was going to be held是表示地点的先行词the place的定语，引导词where在从句中充当地点状语, 相当于in the place。