科技英语2
考研英语阅读材料汇编之科技类(2)-毙考题
考研英语阅读材料汇编之科技类(2)阅读是考研英语的重要题型之一，也是保障英语成绩的关键题目。
因此，考研学子们要充分重视英语阅读，除了平时多多阅读英语杂志、报纸外，还需要针对阅读进行专项训练。
小编整理了关于考研英语阅读题源的系列文章考研英语阅读材料汇编之科技类(2)，请参考!Who s the Smart Sibling?Ten weeks ago, Bo Cleveland and his wife embarked on a highly unscientific experiment-they gave birth to their first child. For now, Cleveland is too exhausted to even consider having another baby, but eventually, he will. In fact, hes already planned an egalitarian strategy for raising the rest of his family. Little Arthur won t get any extra attention just because he s the firstborn, and, says his father, he probably won t be much smarter than his future .siblings; either. It s the sort of thing many parents would say, but it s a bit surprising coming from Cleveland,who studies birth order and IQ at Pennsylvania State University. As he knows too well, a study published recently in the journal Science suggests that firstborns do turn out sharper than their brothers and sisters, no matter how parents try to compensate. Is Cleveland wrong? Is Arthur destined to be the smart sibling just because he had the good luck to be born first?For decades, scientists have been squabbling over birth order like siblings fighting over a toy. Some of them say being a first-, middle- or lastborn has significant effects on intelligence. Others say that s nonsense, The spat goes back at least as far as Alfred Adler, a Freud-era psychologist who argued that firstborns had an edge. Other psychologists found his theory easy to believemiddle and youngest kids already had a bad rap, thanks to everything from primogeniture laws to the Prodigal Son. When they set out to confirm the birth-order effects Adler had predicted, they found some evidence. Dozens of studies over the next several decades showed small differences in IQ; scholastic-aptitude tests and other measures of achievement So did anecdata suggesting that firstborns were more likely to win Nobel Prizes or become (ahem) prominent psychologists.But even though the scientists were turning up birth-order patterns easily, they couldn tpin down a cause. Perhaps, one theory went, the mother s body was somehow attacking the lateroffspring in uterus. Maternal antibody levels do increase with each successive pregnancy. Butthere s no evidence that this leads to differences in intelligence, and the new study in Silence,based on records from nearly a quarter of a million young Norwegian men, strikes down theantibody hypothesis. It looks at kids who are the eldest by accident-those whose older siblingsdie in infancy--as well as those who are true firstborns. Both groups rack up the same highscores on IQ tests. Whatever is lowering the latterborns scores, it isn t prenatal biology, sincebeing raised as the firstborn, not actually being the firstborn, is what counts.The obvious culprits on the nurture side are parents. But it s hard to think that favoritism toward firstborns exists in modem society. Most of us no longer view secondborn as second best, and few parents will admit to treating their kids differently. In surveys, they generally say they give their children equal attention. Kids concur, reporting that they feel they re treated fairly.Maybe, then, the problem with latterborns isn t nature or nurture-maybe there simply isn t a problem. Not all the research shows a difference in intelligence. A pivotal 2000 study by Joe Rodgers ,now a professor emeritus at the University of Oklahoma, found no link between birth order and smarts. And an earlier study of American families found that the youngest kids, not theoldest, did best in school. From that work, say psychologist Judith Rich Harris, a prominent critic of birth-order patterns, it s clear that the impression that the firstborn is more often the academic achiever is false.Meanwhile, many of the studies showing a birth-order pattern in IQ have a big, fat,methodological flaw. The Norwegian Science study is an example, says Cleveland: It scomparing Bill, the first child in one family; to Bob, the second child in another family. Thatwould be fine if all families were identical, but of course they aren t. The study controls forvariables such as parental education and family size. But Rodgers, the Oklahoma professor,notes that there are hundreds of other factors in play; and because it s so hard to discountall of them, he s not sure whether the patterns in the Science article are real.No one is more sensitive to that criticism than the Norwegian scientists. In fact, theyalready have an answer ready in the form of a second paper. Soon to be published in thejournal Intelligence, it s, similar to the Science study except for one big thing: instead ofcomparing Bill to Bob, it compares Bill to younger brothers Barry and Barney. The samebirth- order pattern shows up: the firstborns, on average, score about two points higher thantheir secondborn brothers, and hapless thirdborns do even worse. The purpose of thetwo papers was exactly the same, says Petter Kristensen of Norway s National Instituteof Occupational Health, who led both new studies. But this second one is much more comprehensive, and in a sense it s better than the Science paper. The data are there--within families, birth order really does seem linked to brain power. Even the critics have to soften their positions a little. The Intelligence study must be taken very seriously says Rodgers.No one, not even Kristensen, thinks the debate is over For one thing, there s still that argument about what s causing birth-order effects. It s possible, says UC Berkeley researcher Frank Sulloway, that trying .to treat kids in an evenhanded way in fact results in inequity. Well-meaning parents may end up shortchanging middleborns because there s one thing they can t equalize: at no point in the middle child s life does he get to be the only kid inthe house. Alternatively, says Sulloway; there s the theory he has his money on, the family- niche hypothesis Older kids, whether out of desire or necessity axe often called on to be assistant parents, he notes. Getting that early- taste of responsibility may prime them for achievement later on. If they think Oh, I m supposed to be more intelligent so I d betterdo my homework, it doesn t matter if they actually are more-intelligent, says Sulloway, Itbecomes a self-fulfilling prophecy. If the firstborns homework involves reading Science and Intelligence, there ll be no stopping them now.词汇注解重点单词embark / im ba:k/【文中释义】v.着手，从事【大纲全义】v. (使)上船(或飞机，汽车等)：着手，从事extra / ekstr /【文中释义】adj.额外的【大纲全义】adj额外的，附加的n.附加物，额外的东西adv.特别地compensate / kɔmpənseit/【文中释义】v.补偿，弥补【大纲全义】v.(for)补偿，赔偿，抵消nonsense / nɔnsəns/【文中释义】n.荒谬的言行，胡话【大纲全义】n.胡说，废话;冒失(或轻浮)的行为rap / r p/【文中释义】n.不公正的判决，苛评【大纲全义】n.叩击，轻拍，斤责，急敲(声);不公正的判决，苛评，v. 敲，拍，打，斤责，使着迷predict / pri dikt/【文中释义】v.预言【大纲全义】v.预言，预测，预告prominent / prɔminənt/【文中释义】adj杰出的【大纲全义】adj.突起的，凸出的;突出的，杰出的offspring /ɔfspriŋ; (us) ɔ:f-/【文中释义】n..子孙,后代【大纲全义】n. 子孙,后代,结果，产物;(动物的)崽successive /sək sesiv/【文中释义】adj.连续的【大纲全义】adj.接连的，连续的pregnancy / Pregnənsi/【文中释义】n.怀孕【大纲全义】n.妊振;怀孕(期);(事件等的)酝酿;(内容)充实，富有意义nurture / nə: tʃə/【文中释义】n.养育，教育【大纲全义】n.营养品;养育，培养，滋养v. 给予营养物，养育，培养，滋养超纲单词egalitarian n. 平等主义sibling n. 兄弟妞妹squabble v. 为争吵spat n. 争吵primogeniture n. 长子身份aptitude n. 才能，资质anecdata n. 二逸事证据prenatal adj. 产前的，出生前的重点段落译文两周前，伯克利夫兰和他的妻子进行了一项非常不科学的实验他们生下了他们的第一个孩子。
Unit 2 科技英语基础知识(二)
· 两结合的。例如：
n.+a. a.+a. a.+n. self-cooling all-round white-hot general-purpose heavy-type high-speed num.+n. one-way(traffic) 自冷的 全面的 自热的, 白炽的 通用的 重型的 高速的 单向(交通)
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§ 3 常用前缀和后缀
记忆生词有很多方法, 如:
(1) 利用音、形、义相结合来记(初学阶段)。 (2) 博览强记。 (3) 循环记忆。 (4) 把生词放在语句中来记忆, 利用词与词的联系来记忆。
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(5) 利用构词法来记忆, 有三个优点:
① 便于掌握单词的词性, 这对句法分析十分重要;
② 有利于了解单词的来历及其新添的含义, 当我们悟到 一个新单词是由以前熟知的单词变化而来的时, 便对这个新 单词不再感到生疏; ③ 今后我们学到一个单词, 就可以旁征博引, 顺藤摸瓜, 联想到一系列同根词, 便于巩固记忆, 同时扩大了单词拥有量。
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② 结合成形容词。例如： n.+a. waterproof 防潮的
prep.+n.
overall
总的
③ 结合成动词, 例如： ad.+v. undergo overestimate 过高估计 经受, 进行
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(2) 连符结合。使用连字符“ -”结合。 ① 结合成名词。例如： n.+n. physico chemistry crafts-man 物理化学 手艺人
drafts-man
congee steamed-bun prep.+n. n.+prep.+n. by-product v.+pron.+ad. forget-me-not
《科技英语》第二阶段在线作业
试题1．第1题单选题Every year we say we’ll spend less at Christmas, andevery year it still _______.A、keeps under controlB、comes to the endC、gets out of handD、goes beyond reach标准答案：C2．第2题单选题Tom's father, as well as his mother, _____ in New Yorkfor a few days more.A、ask him to stayB、asks him to stayC、ask he should stayD、asks he should stay标准答案：B3．第3题单选题The International Whaling Commission warns that if nothing is done to save the whales now the specieswill soon be _______.A、imitatedB、intimatedC、contaminatedD、exterminated标准答案：D4．第4题单选题The receptionist, _____ job was to answer the phone, had laryngitis（喉炎）.A、whoseB、whichC、to whomD、that标准答案：A5．第5题单选题If we had known that she had planned to go abroad today, we _____ at the airport.A、would see her offB、would have seen her offC、should see her offD、must have seen her off标准答案：B6．第6题单选题The longer the economic decline is allowed to go on, the more difficult it will be to ______ it.A、underlineB、upsetC、resumeD、reverse标准答案：D7．第7题单选题He is a strange character，_________is very hard to get along with.A、whoB、whichC、thatD、where标准答案：A8．第8题单选题I chose a small room with the window _____ the street.A、 facesB、facedC、facingD、to face标准答案：C9．第9题单选题The oil spillage in the Gulf was of such _______ that its effects will last for decades.A、magnificenceB、maintenanceC、magnitudeD、manipulation标准答案：C10．第10题单选题The following year, ______ victories in local elections strengthened the Conservatives’ position.A、a series ofB、a link ofC、a pattern ofD、a connection of标准答案：A11．第11题单选题The present wave of strikes ______ from discontent among the lower-paid.A、stemsB、trapsC、raisesD、ranges标准答案：A12．第12题单选题---It's too bad Rhonda is moving to Arizona.---I wish it _____ so far away.A、weren'tB、couldn't beC、won't beD、isn't标准答案：A13．第13题单选题Most schools have plans in place for ______ to fires, fights, medical emergencies and other situations that call for quick assessment and decisive action.A、convertingB、 respectingC、restoringD、responding标准答案：D14．第14题单选题The opposing political party is getting ready to ______ apowerful attack on the government.A、intendB、 imprintC、castD、mount标准答案：D15．第15题单选题Living in the central Australian desert has its problems, _____obtaining water is not the least.A、of whichB、for whichC、to whichD、on which标准答案：A16．第16题单选题Winning by a narrow ______, the Lakers now go on to play in the championship. .A、combatB、marginC、fringeD、conquest标准答案：B17．第17题单选题On the whole speculation is ______ upon because it sometimes drives prices up.A、frownedB、disapprovedC、representedD、affected标准答案：A18．第18题单选题He believes in himself, _________, in my opinion, is of great importance.A、 thatB、whichC、whatD、as标准答案：B19．第19题单选题I suppose you couldn't let me borrow your car this evening, _____?A、couldn't youB、don't youC、could youD、will you标准答案：C20．第20题单选题_____ I don't like are the long, dark nights of winter.A、ThatB、WhatC、WhichD、This标准答案：B试卷总得分：35.0试卷总批注：。
科技英语写作Unit 2
(2) Be Specific
What titles are specific? In preparing the title of a paper, a general
and abstract title should be avoided. For example, such a title as Computer Retrieval will be regarded as too general and global, vague and empty, telling the reader nothing specific. It would be better to change the title into something like Computer Retrieval on Literature of Physics, or Computer Retrieval on International Conference Information, according to the content of the paper.
General Functions
GAF G – generalizing the text A - Attracting the reader F – Facilitating the retrieval
(1) Generalizing the Text
A title should summarize the central idea
Linguistic Features
2 points:
More nouns, nouns
phrases and gerunds An incomplete sentence
科技英语第二单元译文
第二单元能源课文A替代能源的前景美国能源部(DOE)预测，美国居民所使用的能源将在2025年前增加25﹪。
增加的电能中将有一小部分来源于再生能源，而且这部分还会不断增大，这些再生能源包括风力、阳光、水以及地热。
美国能源部称，去年全国能源供应总量中替代能源占6%。
美国太阳能协会执行主席布拉德·柯林斯说：“未来属于再生能源，”该协会是一个非赢利性质的组织，总部设在科罗拉多州的博尔德。
柯林斯还说：“虽然科学家和行业专家对于世界石油和天然气究竟还能供应多久这一问题仍有争议，但可以确定的是这些能源的供应终究要枯竭的。
”较之传统方法生产的能源，再生能源虽然普遍昂贵一些，但是，这些替代能源有利于减少污染，节省矿物燃料。
位于科罗拉多戈尔登市的美国能源部国家再生能源实验室(NREL)的高级工程师保罗·托斯理尼说：“有时人们考虑的只是节省成本的问题。
但它也是一个价值观的问题和我们应当把钱花在哪的问题。
”下面让我们看看再生能源技术的最新开发成果。
太阳能光电（或太阳能发电）系统的原理是将从太阳辐射中获得的光能转变成电力。
现在，小到家用电器，大到办公楼的电气设备，都可以利用太阳能发电。
科技的进步降低了太阳能发电设备的成本。
美国太阳能协会执行主柯林斯说，20世纪80年代，用光电器件获取的能源其平均价格为每千瓦时95美分，而现在这个价格已降低到约20美分。
据美国能源部《能源年刊》报道，既使是比较低廉的价格仍然大大高于全国平均电价，2003年的电价平均仅为每千瓦时8美分多一点。
其他的先进技术还包括“薄膜”光电技术，这是一种高科技涂层，可以将贴附有这种薄膜的任何物体的表层转变成太阳能源。
使用这种薄膜的船只和娱乐用车现在已经上市。
工程师还将这种可以发电的薄膜覆盖在屋顶材料上。
托斯理尼说“人们在安装屋顶的同时也安装了太阳能板”。
这种材料不仅可以抵抗恶劣的天气，而且在晴天可以吸收太阳光发电。
同时，国家再生能源实验室在研制开发效率更高价格更低的太阳能发电系统。
科技英语阅读答案Unit 2
Appendix I Reference AnswersUnit 2 PhysicsPart I EST ReadingReading 1Section A Pre-reading TaskWarm-up Questions: Work in pairs and discuss the following questions.1.What is quantum physics?Quantum physics is the study of the behavior of matter and energy at the molecular, atomic, nuclear, and even smaller microscopic levels. In the early 20th century, it was discovered that the laws that govern macroscopic objects do not function the same in such small realms.2.Do you know anything about dark matter?Dark matter is a hypothesized form of matter particle that does not reflect or emit electromagnetic radiation. The existence of dark matter is inferred from gravitational effects on visible matter, such as stars and galaxies.A small percentage of the gravitational effects observed are from visible matter (someestimates are as low as 4% of total gravitational effects). The remaining 96% is presumed to result from dark matter or dark energy, though these terms are somewhat indicative of our ignorance of the exact nature of these unknown quantities, as they have never been directly observed.One possible candidate for dark matter are theoretical particles known as weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs), which are being searched for by the Cryogenic Dark Matter Search (CDMS) experiment.3.What is dark energy?Dark energy is a hypothetical form of energy that permeates space and exerts a negative pressure, which would have gravitational effects to account for the differences between the theoretical and observational results of gravitational effects on visible matter. Dark energy is not directly observed, but rather inferred from observations of gravitational interactions between astronomical objects, along with dark matter.The term "dark energy" was coined by the theoretical cosmologist Michael S. Turner.4.Have you ever heard of the big bang theory? Can you give an account of it?The Big Bang is the dominant (and highly supported) theory of the origin of the universe. In essence, this theory states that the universe began from an initial point or singularity which has expanded over billions of years to form the universe as we now know it.In 1927, Roman Catholic priest and physicist Georges Lemaitre independently calculated the Friedman solution and again suggested that the universe must be expanding. This theory was supported by Hubble when, in 1929, he found that there was a correlation between the distance of the galaxies and the amount of redshift in that galaxy's light. The distant galaxies were moving away faster, which was exactly what was predicted by Lemaitre's solutions.In 1931, Lemaitre went further with his predictions, extrapolating backwards in time find that the matter of the universe would reach an infinite density and temperature at a finite time in the past. This means the universe must have begun in an incredibly small, dense point of matter - a "primeval atom."5.How do you understand string theory?String theory is a mathematical theory that tries to explain certain phenomena which is not currently explainable under the standard model of quantum physics.String theory was initially developed in the 1970s in an attempt to explain some inconsistencies with the energy behavior of hadrons and other fundamental particles of physics.As with much of quantum physics, the mathematics that applies to string theory cannot be uniquely solved. Physicists must apply perturbation theory to obtain a series of approximated solutions. Such solutions, of course, include assumptions which may or may not be true.The driving hope behind this work is that it will result in a "theory of everything," including a solution to the problem of quantum gravity, to reconcile quantum physics with general relativity, thus reconciling the fundamental forces of physics.Section C Post-reading TaskReading Comprehension1. Directions: Work on your own and fill in the blanks with the main idea.Part 1 (Paras. 1-3): Brief introduction to dark energyPara. 1: Dark energy is an unexplained force which tugs galaxies away from each other.Para. 2: Dark energy is somewhat like anti-gravity.Para. 3: Dark energy is scientists‟ hypothetic form of energy to explain the universe‟s expansion.Part 2 (Paras. 4-9): The discovery of dark energy: confounding expectationsPara. 4: The discovery of dark energy is a case of science confounding expectations.Para. 5: Experts expected that gravity had slowed down the universe‟s rate of expansion.Para. 6: The universe‟s rate of expansion was speeding up.Para. 7: The result was beyond experts‟ expec tations which caused much nervous laughter.Para. 8: The measurements of supernovae provided the evidence that the universe‟s rate ofballooning was speeding up.Para. 9: The scientists observed many supernovae at different distances to determine how fast they are speeding away from us.Part 3 (Paras. 10-13): The rate of the expansion of the universe: shocking resultsPara. 10: The rate of the universe‟s expansion is accelerating.Para. 11: More researches done by other experts also show the same results.P ara. 12: Einstein‟s cosmological constant has been revived to explain the puzzling findings.Para. 13: The cosmological constant is one of the leading theories to explain the expansion of the universe.Part 4 (Paras. 14-17): The difference between dark energy and dark matterPara. 14: The confusion of dark energy and dark matter.Para. 15: Dark matter is an invisible hypothesized form of matter.Para. 16: Dark matter and dark energy seem to make up most of the mass of the universe.Para. 17: The discovery of dark energy stirred up a lot of other issues, such as making some people believe that there are several universes.2. Directions: Work in pairs and discuss the following questions.1)What’s dark energy before and after you studied the text?Before, I know nothing about dark energy. Now, I know that dark energy is a hypothetical form of energy that permeates space and exerts a negative pressure, which would have gravitational effects to account for the differences between the theoretical and observational results of gravitational effects on visible matter. Dark energy is not directly observed, but rather inferred from observations of gravitational interactions between astronomical objects, along with dark matter./od/classicalmechanics/a/gravity.htm2)In your eyes, what’s gravity an d anti-gravity?Refer to:/niujiashu@126/blog/static/100293042201051095050178//od/glossary/g/specgravity.htm/gravity_explains_gravity.html3)Did gravity slow down the rate of the expansion of the universe? Why or why not?No. Gravity was speeding up the rate of the expansion of the universe. The evidence was based on measurements of supernovae that astronomers were using as lampposts to track distance.4)Can you explain Doppler Effect in detail?The Doppler effect (or Doppler shift), named after Austrian physicist Christian Doppler who proposed it in 1842 in Prague, is the change in frequency of a wave for an observer moving relative to the source of the wave. It is commonly heard when a vehicle sounding a siren or horn approaches, passes, and recedes from an observer. The received frequency is higher (compared to the emitted frequency) during the approach, it is identical at the instant of passing by, and it is lower during the recession./wiki/Doppler_effect5)Do you know any story of Einstein’s cosmological constant?In physical cosmology, the cosmological constant (usually denoted by the Greek capital letter lambda: Λ) was proposed by Albert Einstein as a modification of his original theory of general relativity to achieve a stationary universe. Einstein abandoned the concept after the observation of the Hubble redshift indicated that the universe might not be stationary, as he had based his theory on the idea that the universe is unchanging. However, the discovery of cosmic acceleration in the 1990s has renewed interest in a cosmological constant./wiki/Cosmological_constant6)What is dark matter? What’s the difference between dark energy and dark matter?Dark matter is matter that is undetectable by its emitted radiation, but whose presence can be inferred from gravitational effects. Dark matter is invisible./wiki/Dark_Matter_(disambiguation)7)Is it true or false that the universe is formed mainly of dark energy and dark matter?Can you give some evidence?Yes. It is true. Some studies show that dark energy is thought to account for 74 percent of the universe, while dark matter adds about 22 percent.8)Are you one of the believers in multiple universes? Why?(Open)3. Directions: Read the following passage carefully and fill in the blanks with the wordsyou’ve learned in the text.Dark energy — the mysterious stuff that is stretching space and speeding the expansion of the universe —is said to have been around at least 9 billion years. It is a hypothetical form of energy, which is somewhat like anti-gravity that draws galaxies away from each other. In the mid-1990s, when astronomers went about measuring the rate of the expansion of the universe, they surprisingly found that the universe‟s ballooning was speeding up, which was beyond many astrophysicists‟ expectations. Some other researchers also found that the universe is blowing up faster today than at any time in the past. All these puzzles open up an opportunity for some scientists to revive Einstein‟s discarded idea — cosmological constant. Though dark energy and dark matter (invisible) are separate entities, people are always confused about them.It seems that dark energy accounts for 74 percent of the universe, while dark matter adds about 22 percent. The discovery of dark energy is bizarre and adds fuel to the fire of believers in multiple universes.Vocabulary and Structure1. Directions: Give the correct form of the word according to the indication in the brackets.Then complete the sentences using the right form for each word. Use each word once.1)When triggered by an input pulse, a monostable multivibrator will switch to its unstableposition for a period of time, and then return to its stable state.2)Christian revival is a term that generally refers to a specific period of increased spiritualinterest or renewal in the life of a church congregation or many churches, either regionally or globally.3)Superclusters are large groups of smaller galaxy groups and clusters and are among thelargest structures of the cosmos.4)During his career, he created roughly 900 oil paintings and more than 2,000 watercolors, aswell as countless sketches and charcoal drawings.5)In computing and communications, data processing combined with telecommunications, e.g., the use of a telephone network to connect a remote terminal to a computer or to twointerconnect computers.6)Astrophysics is the branch of astronomy that deals with the physics of the universe,including the physical properties of celestial objects such as galaxies, stars, planets, exoplanets, and the interstellar medium, as well as their interactions.7)An earthquake's hypocenter is the position where the strain energy stored in the rock is firstreleased, and is the point where the fault begins to rupture. This occurs at the focal depth below the epicentre.8)Anti-consumerism refers to the socio-political movement against consumerism, theequating of personal happiness with consumption and the purchase of material possessions.9)By inducing compression, mechanical properties such as compressive strength or modulusof elasticity, can be measured. Scientists may utilize press machines to induce it.10)Two-dimensional collisions, both elastic and inelastic, may be demonstrated on this table.2. Directions: Complete the sentences with the words given in the brackets. Change the formif necessary.1)Skin injury, infection, stress, and certain drugs may trigger psoriasis. Skin cells move at anaccelerated rate from the dermis into the epidermis, where they slough off, causing inflammation.牛皮癣可能由皮肤外伤、感染、压力和某些药物引起。
科技用英语怎么说
科技用英语怎么说社会上习惯于把科学和技术联在一起，统称为“科技”。
实际二者既有密切联系，又有重要区别。
科学解决理论问题，技术解决实际问题。
科学要解决的问题，是发现自然界中确凿的事实与现象之间的关系，并建立理论把事实与现象联系起来;技术的任务则是把科学的成果应用到实际问题中去。
那么你知道科技用英语怎么说吗?下面来学习一下吧。
科技英语说法1：technology科技英语说法2：science and technology科技的相关短语：创新科技 Creative T echnology ;联发科技 MediaTek ;MTK ; mediatek科技树 Technology tree; Arbre des technologies ; technology tree科技创业 Technology Review ; technology entreprencurship 朗讯科技Lucent Technologies ; LUCENT ; LU ; Avaya Technologies资讯科技Information T echnology ; IT ; Geotechnology ; Information Technologies科技的英语例句：1. Several of the delays were caused by the new high-tech baggage system.几次延误都是由新的高科技行李传送系统造成的。
2. Scientific development meant the growth of numerous professions ancillary to medicine.科技发展意味着许多医学衍生职业的增长。
3. Please enclose your remittance, making cheques payableto Thames Valley T echnology.请附上汇款，支票收款人为泰晤士河谷科技公司。
科技英语基础阅读第二版龚玲莉翻译
1.1苹果有一款新的热销产品，在欧美大部分地区已经卖到断货。
1.2如果你网上预定，六周后才能送达。
1.3一条网上评论写道，这是多年来最好的一款苹果产品。
1.4实用并且精巧的设计，使它拥有苹果产品史上最高的消费者满意度，根据creative strategies 和Experian两家公司的调查研究。
2.1如此的热情令苹果的老板们喜忧参半。
2.2我们今天讨论的这款产品是无线耳机airpods，看起来像苹果的传统耳机，只是没了数据线。
2.3定价在159美元，airpods可能是价值数十亿美元的一款商品。
像苹果手表，苹果于2015年开始销售的一种可穿戴设备。
2.4但是耳机并不是人们期待已久的具有改革能力的，极其具有利润的创新产品。
3.1在苹果最大的拳头产品推出后，这种等待并没有持续太久。
3.2在2007年6月29日，iPhone第一次开售。
3.3自此，苹果已经卖出了大约12亿部手机，并且取得了超过7400亿美元的销售额，从最畅销的科技设备可以看出。
3.4 2016年，苹果2160亿美元的销售额，其中三分之二来自于iPhone。
4.1登顶之后就是下山了。
4.2关于苹果的将来如何，苹果是否能设计出另一款与之相媲美的产品，这些问题一直困扰这苹果公司。
4.3持续增长的手机拥有率正在放缓，全球大约五分之二的人现在拥有一部手机。
4.4苹果也面临着更多的竞争，尤其是在中国（仅次于北美的第二大重要市场），其销量一直下滑，令人愈发担忧苹果正面临“苹果见顶”。
5.1即使苹果每年已经花费100亿美元用于研发，“人们并不指望能有所创新”，amit表示。
5.2这就解释了为什么公司的市盈率是2018预期收入（剔除现金）的十倍左右，低于信息技术产业的12到14倍。
6.1当然，苹果从拳头产品向多元化发展的尝试有瑕疵。
6.2败绩之一是电视行业，全球价值大约2600亿美元的市场。
6.3苹果的电视产品是一个有线机顶盒，仅能够提供其他公司，例如Netflix的节目，并不是苹果高管们所承诺的具有颠覆性的产品。
科技英语综合教程 unit 2
孙思邈(541年-682年) ，唐代医药学家、道士，被后 人尊称为"药王"。 《千金要方》 《唐新本草》
科技英语综合教程 Unit 2
Medicine
Lead in Medicine Diagnose Nanotechnology Side effects
Medicine is the science and practice of the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of disease. 阿斯克勒庇俄斯(Ασκληπιος，Asklêpios/Asclepius，「切 破」)是医师，太阳神阿波罗(Apollo)和塞萨利公主科洛尼 斯(Coronis)之子
Tu Youyou has become the first Chinese woman to win a Nobel Prize, for her work in helping to create an anti-malaria medicine. The 84-year-old's route to the honour has been anything but traditional. She won the Nobel Prize for medicine, but she doesn't have a medical degree or a PhD She started her malaria research after she was recruited to a top-secret government unit known as "Mission 523“ She first tested her medicine on herself to ensure it was safe
科技英语unit 2 答案
Part II Lexical TranslationUnit 2 Formation and Translation of Technical Terms—Chemical Engineering科技术语的形成及翻译：化工英语ExercisesI Choose the best answer to each question with the information from thepassage.1. D2. A3. C4. B5. CII. Find out the English equivalents of the following Chinese terms from the passage.1. fuel cells2. raw materials3. food processing4. organic chemistry5. the discipline of chemical engineering6. energy conservation or conservation of energy7. the principle of thermodynamics 8. software models9. biochemistry 10. high performance materialsIII. Translate the following sentences into Chinese.1. 现代化学工程不仅生产制造实用材料，也积极探索有价值的新型材料及新技术，如燃料电池，纳米技术和生物医学工程技术。
2. 化学工程主要包含设计、改进以及维护大规模生产中的化学、生物转变过程。
3.严格意义上的化学工业指生产制造有机、无机工业化学制品，陶瓷制品，燃料，石化产品，农业药品（如化肥，杀虫剂，除草剂），塑料制品，人造橡胶，油脂化学品，洗涤剂，洗涤产品（如肥皂，香波，清洁液），香精香料，添加剂，保健品以及药剂。
科技英语
一 1 expirical sciences 经验科学2 Financial Mathematics3 plane geometry4 Diffierential Equations 微分方程5 combinatorics 数学6 Theory of Functions 函数论7 topology 拓扑学8 physical sciences 物理科学9 应用数学Applied Mathematics10 工程数学Engineering mathematics11 解析几何Analysical geometry12 微积分和实分析Calculus and real analysis13 复分析complex Analysis14 数值分析和最优化Numerical Analysis and Optimization15 微分几何differential geometry16 概率与统计Probability andStatistics二1 particle physics粒子物理2 subatomic family3 particles and antiparticles 粒子和反粒子4 quantum effects 量子效应5 proton 质子neutron 中子molecule 分子6 electromagnetic force电磁力7 gluon/photon 胶子8 物质与反物质matter and antimatter9 天体物理学Astrophysics10轻子lepton11 中微子neutrino12 地心引力gravity13 原子核nuclei14 引力子graviton三1 cross-discipline 交叉学科2 3-dimensional structure3 super conductor 超导体4 molecular molding 分子模型5 polymers 高聚物6 有机化学organic chemistry7 无机化学inorganic chemistry8 化学分子式chemical formula9 原子结构atomic structure10 吗啡morphine七 1 applied technology 应用技术2 information source 信息资源3 desktop computer 台式机 4laptop computer 手提电脑 5vector instructions 矢量指令6 mainframe computer 大型机7 motion picture 动画片8 计算机网络computer network9 微型计算机microcomputer10文字处理word processing11 终端terminal12 超导电性superconductivity13 人工智能artificialintelligence14 并行处理计算机parallelprocessing computer九 1 key industry 关键产业 2fiber optics 光纤3 cable television 有线电视 4steel collar workers 钢领工人5 home banking 家庭自助银行服务6 automatic ticket booking 自动订票7 微电子学microelectronics8 空间产业space industry 9电信网络telecommunicationnetworks 10 电视购物to shopby TV screen十三 1 interdisciplinary 交叉学科2 directionality 方向性3 bulk property 综合性能4 microscopic 精微的5 turbine engine 涡轮发动机6 transition temperature 转变温度7 strength-density ratio8 强度strength9 合成composite10 相互影响interplay11 集成电路integrated circuits12 抗磨性的wear-resistant 13光学纤维optical fiber 14 半导体semiconductorozone depletion臭氧减少polar stratospheric vortex极地同温层涡流anomaly反常的phase sth. Out逐步淘汰latitude纬度nitrogen oxide氮氧化物臭氧层ozone layer太阳风solar wind纬度latitude紫外辐射ultraviolet radiation海拔高度altitude太阳粒子solar particleflu epidemic流感self-copying code自我复制编码the human genome人类基因组primeval genetic coding原始基因编码blood vessel血管to encode编码biotechnology生物技术核酸nucleic acids疫苗vaccine抗菌素antibiotic放血bloodletting遗传工程genetic engineeringwinter blues冬季抑郁症sleep disorders失眠to simulate the sun’s naturalwavelegenths模拟太阳的自然波长to set off a complex response引起复杂反应shift work sleep disturbance由倒班引起的失眠circadian rhythms昼夜生物节奏人体节奏body rhythms荷尔蒙褪黑激素hormone melatonin受试者the subject有效地治疗方法effective treatment睡眠周期sleep cycle homosexual同性恋intravenous needle静脉注射针头transmission传播macrophage巨噬细胞swollen肿大的lethal diseases致命疾病life expectancy寿命vaccine疫苗placenta胎盘输血blood transfusion未消毒的unsterilized皮疹skin rash淋巴结lymph node唾液saliva抗体antibody。
科技英语基础阅读第二版答案automation and robotic
科技英语基础阅读第二版答案automation and robotic1、This year our school is _____ than it was last year. [单选题] *A. much more beautiful(正确答案)B. much beautifulC. the most beautifulD. beautiful2、The teachers don't make us wear a school uniform and we can wear _____ we like. [单选题] *A. anyB. thatC. asD. what(正确答案)3、I hope Tom will arrive _______ to attend the meeting. [单选题] *A. in timesB. on time(正确答案)C. at timesD. from time to time4、Mary, together with her children ,_____ some video show when I went into the sitting room. [单选题] *A. were watchingB. was watching(正确答案)C. is watchingD. are watching5、Jack can speak Japanese, and his brother can _______ speak Japanese. [单选题] *A. tooB. also(正确答案)C. eitherD. as well6、Before leaving the village, he visited the old house _____ he spent his childhood. [单选题] *A in which(正确答案)B. whichC. to whichD at which7、18．Monica wants to be a _______. She is good at sports and she loves teaching others. [单选题] *A．coach(正确答案)B．secretaryC．architectD．waiter8、She serves as a secretary in a university. [单选题] *A. 为…服务B. 担任…职务(正确答案)C. 竞争…服务D. 申请…职务9、I like booking tickets online，because it is _______. [单选题] *A. boringB. confidentC. convenient(正确答案)D. expensive10、We are living in an age（）many things are done by computer. [单选题] *A. thatB. whichC. whyD. when(正确答案)11、Though the _____ drama is wonderful, I guess most audiences will be tired as it is too long. [单选题] *A. four-hour(正确答案)B. four hoursC. four-hoursD. four-hour's12、—Whose book is it? Is it yours?—No, ask John. Maybe it’s ______.（）[单选题] *A. hersB. his(正确答案)C. he’sD. her13、There are trees on both sides of the broad street. [单选题] *A. 干净的B. 狭窄的C. 宽阔的(正确答案)D. 宁静的14、Many volunteers _______ food and water to the local people in Japan after tsunami(海啸）. [单选题] *A. gave out(正确答案)B. cut outC. put outD. found out15、My friends will _______ me at the airport when I arrive in London. [单选题] *A. takeB. meet(正确答案)C. receiveD. have16、They went out in spite of rain. [单选题] *A. 因为B. 但是C. 尽管(正确答案)D. 如果17、The market economy is quickly changing people’s idea on_____is accepted. [单选题] *A.what(正确答案)B.whichC.howD.that18、I think you should buy this novel. It is really worth _____. [单选题] *A. reading(正确答案)B. being readC. readD. to read19、Our teacher suggested that each of us _____ a study plan for the tong summer vacation. [单选题] *A. make(正确答案)B. madeC. will makeD. would make20、82．—Is there a bookshop near here?—Yes. Walk ________ the road for five minutes and you'll see one near a big tree. [单选题] *A．toB．along(正确答案)C．ofD．about21、Thank you very much. You gave us ____ our factory needed. [单选题] *A. informationB. informationsC. the information(正确答案)D. the informations22、14．He is cutting the apple ________ a knife. [单选题] *A．inB．toC．with(正确答案)D．by23、A survey of the opinions of students（）that they admit several hours of sitting in front of the computer harmful to health. [单选题] *A. show；areB. shows ；is(正确答案)C.show；isD.shows ；are24、If you do the same thing for a long time, you'll be tired of it. [单选题] *A. 试图B. 努力C. 厌倦(正确答案)D. 熟练25、We ______ boating last weekend.（）[单选题] *A. goB. went(正确答案)C. are goingD. will go26、--Do you have a _______?--Yes, I _______ at a clothes store. [单选题] *A. work; workB. work; jobC. job; jobD. job; work(正确答案)27、You can _______ Bus 116 to get there. [单选题] *A. byB. take(正确答案)C. onD. in28、36．This kind of bread is terrible. I don't want to eat it ______. [单选题] *A．any more(正确答案)B．some moreC．no longerD．some longer29、You can borrow my book, _____ you promise to give it back to me by the end of this month. [单选题] *A.even ifB. as long as(正确答案)C. in caseD. even though30、They might have found a better hotel if they _________ a few more kilometers. [单选题]*A. droveB. would driveC. were to driveD. had driven(正确答案)。
科技英语写作高级教程第二版参考答案
V、练习参考答案练习1I、1、the（各项均为负。
)2、the; a （功率额定值是电阻器不会引起温度太大的上升而能安全地耗散的最大功率。
）3、an（这是均方根值伏特计。
）4、The; a（该设备的成功设计需要详细地了解性能指标。
）5、the; a; a（在氢原子的布尔模型中，一个电子绕一个质子以半径为R 的圆周运转。
）6、the（电阻的单位是欧姆。
）7、an （这是一个h参数。
）8、/; /（图5－1画出了Oersted的实验。
）9、A; a; a（机器是能够传递力来完成某一确定目的的一种设备。
）10、/（水压机将在第14章加以考虑。
）11、the; the [/]（我们容易确定参数μ的值。
）12、/; the（根据式（2－1），我们得到以下的关系式。
）13、the; /（作者工作在位于阿林顿的得克萨斯大学。
）14、an（甚至当积分区间并不是无穷时，能够恰当地显示一个时函数的傅氏变换的仪器是多么重要啊！）II、1.Dr. Emmet graduated from Harvard University in 2001.2.Professor Li earned his Ph.D. degree in mechanical engineering from’an University of Technology in 1988.3.Now we shall turn to the discussion of local area networks.4.optical spectrometer.5.或How much time] is required to this experiment?The density of a substance is its mass per unit volume.6.An increase in pressure always causes a decrease in volume.7.Fig. (2-5) shows what is expressed by Eq. (2-2).8.III、1.2.Finally, broad stepped impedance transformer is designed by thismethod.3.sharing system4.5.练习2I、1. This circuit consists of a battery, an inductor and a capacitor.2. Compute the electric fields at points a, b, and c.3. This satellite is used for communications between the United States and Great Britain, France and Italy.5. Chapters 6, 7, and 8 deal with transmission lines.II、1. Its error is six parts in 1012.2. This computer stores four times more information than that one (does).3. The demand for this kind of equipment in the near future will be 20 times what it is.4. The voltage across this component is a few tenths of a volt.5. Now its internal pressure is one third what it was.III、2. Unless otherwise stated, it is assumed that silicon transistors are usedcan be neglected.CBO4. Figs. 1, 2, and 3 show this process in detail.练习3I、1. This new type of computer has many advantages over the general type.2. It is not difficult to solve this differential equation for the unknown quantity.3. Of these five new chapters, the first one deals with the basic principles of negative feedback.4. At this point/time, current differs in phase from voltage by 90o.5. By analyzing [By the analysis of] the parameters of the instrument, we can understand its performance.6. We will find out its average velocity over this distance.7. The science of electronics is too important in the world today.8. They solved this problem with great difficulty.II、1. For x＞1, there is no solution to this equation [this equation has no solution].2. Upon [On] substituting [substitution of] these values into [in] the equation, we obtained the following expression..3. This circuit is similar in operation to that of Fig. 1-10.4. This computer is very good in performance.5. These waves travel only in one direction.III、th of October.4. V5. They will to internationalmobile communication.6. Unless otherwise stated, it is assumed that silicon transistors are usedcan be neglected.CBO7.练习4I、1. The force acts perpendicular to the surface of the table.2. The three coefficients here remains to be determined.3. The two equations below will be often (frequently) used in laterchapters/in the chapters which follow.4. Here we use two metal balls 10 cm apart.5. The output remains/stays constant/unchanged/fixed/unaltered/the same.6. All the textbooks available discuss this problem.7. Accurate in operation and high in speed, computers have found wide applications.8. The answer to this problem looks correct.9. Two parallel wires a distance (of)δapart carry the current i.10. The problem now is how to measure the voltage across this component.11. These data will be sent to the computing center 2 kilometers away.12. Upon rearranging the equation above, we have [get, obtain] the following expression.13. These charges can interact with other charges present.14. Forces can be transmitted without contact, contrary to the common belief.15. This coefficient is typically 0.35.II、1. In this case, the input does not fall; nor [neither] does the output. […; the output does not fall, either.]2. The resistance of a conductor on thewhich the conductor is made, but also on the size and temperature of the conductor.练习5I、ways which follow.ground.k has the same unit as work (does).II、these components.5. AC can be changed/turned/converted/transformed/translated into/to DC,multimeter is widely used in electrical engineering.III、R o.6. We must take the effect of temperature on [upon] semiconductors into account.7. In this case, the variation of output with input is very small.8. This curve shows the dependence of distance on/upon speed.IV、not.练习6I、1. This image, it will be noticed, is a real image.2. This technical problem, we hope, will be solved soon.3. 210is approximately 1000, a fact that we think is very useful in the study of digital electronics.4. A resistor of say 100 ohms should be used here.II、radars.robot.III、1. In Section 1-2, the concept of force was introduced.2. As early as the 1940s, it was found that semiconductors are very useful.3. This result can also be arrived at in another way.4. At that time no use was made of this phenomenon/…, this phenomenon was made no use of.5. This point will be dealt with in the next section.IV、much better in performance than that one (is)..4. The greater the resistance, the longer time it takes for the capacitor to reach its maximum voltage/…, the longer time is required for the capacitor to reach its maximum voltage.)5. The current as small as 0.1 A cannot produce enough heat.V、is 或：We can determine the weight of the body easily.6. The results values. […are in agreement with the experimental values.]练习7I、1. It will take a few months to design this kind of aircraft with the help of a computer.2. It is left as a problem to [for] the reader to show that this expression holds.3. The program to be executed is stored in this unit.4. This valley acts as the foundation on which to build the dam.5. In this laboratory there are many kinds of instrument for students to choose from.6. Let t0 equal/be equal to zero.7. The farther away the target (is), the longer time it takes for the echo to return.8. For the series to converge, x must be less than 1.9. We find this concept very difficult to understand.10. This method makes it much easier to detect targets.11. This factor will affect the ability of a computer to store information.12. We have to find out how large to make r so as for the series to converge.13. This is a pen to draw pictures with.14. Elasticity is the tendency of a body to return to its original condition after being deformed.15. Ordinary matter is said to be electrically neutral.16.This property makes it possible for metals to be made into any shape.17. This table is unfit for a student to do experiments on.18. Now we consider what path of integration to take.II、has been emphasized.2. Not only temperature and light affect the conductivity, but theSmith for his great help.练习8I、1. The amplifier amplifies the received signals.2. Moving molecules have kinetic energy.5. Fig. 1 – 3 shows the photo of a freely falling body.3. Speed equals distance divided by time.4. V oltage equals/is equal to current multiplied by resistance.5. The resistance of air increases with the increased/increasing/an increase in speed.6. A transformer is a device consisting of two or more coils wound on/round an iron core.7. It is necessary to find out the current flowing through this component.8. This book, properly used, will be of great help to the reader.9. Flowing through a circuit, the current will lose part of its energy.10. Given/Knowing time and speed, we/one can find out distance.11. Having studied this chapter, the student will understand/will have understood the principle of a computer.12. The speed of light being extremely great, we cannot measure it by ordinary methods.13. Several comsats were launched, all of them (being) high-altitude satellites.14. Called “the mother of all networks,”the Internet is a widely used international network.15. This force can be resolved into two components, one (being) horizontal and the other vertical.II、1.Let us construct/draw a circle with the origin as the center and of radius R.2.This parameter should be measured with E grounded.3. With no resistance in the circuit, the current will increase indefinitely.4. With this in view, we have written this book.5. This paper introduces a new design method/technique, with emphasis on its principle.III、1.Let us consider designing a computer.2.We refer to these components as being passive.3.This involves taking the Fourier transform.4.On/Upon rearranging the above equations, we obtain the following set of equations.5.In using this equation, it does not matter which plane is considered as IV、1.voltage.2.3.4.5.练习9I、1. The problem was not solved until a completely different method was introduced.2. Nearly 100 years passed before the existence/presence of subatomic particles was confirmed by experiment/experimentally.3. The year this device was invented, World War II broke out.4. Small as they are, atoms are made up of still smaller particles.5. These two resistors should be selected/chosen so that the transistor canoperate normally.6. The body is in such a state that it can do work.II、1. The relation that voltage is the product of current and resistance applies to all the dc circuits.2. The discovery that magnetism can produce current is extremely important in the field of electricity.3. An equation is an algebraic statement that two algebraic expressions are equal.4. There is evidence that no life exists on the moon.5. The question now arises whether the algorithm is of practical use.6. In this case there is no guarantee that the series is convergent.7. There is a growing/increasing awareness that these techniques/methods are very useful.8. One of/Among the most noteworthy achievements at that time was the realization that light consists of electromagnetic waves.9. This is due to/is caused by/results from the fact that there are many free electrons in conductors.the fact that the properties of the material should be included in the analytical model, we must take other factors into account. III、1.These features make it difficult for electronic counter-measure systems to intercept, analyze and jam this kind of signals.2. The existence of and the ability to control these phenomena make those devices possible.3. The variation of/in the number of the filter’s teeth has a greater effect on the performance of its passband than the variation of/in its dimensions.4. Scalar detection will result in the loss of some phase information.5. Fig. 6 shows the schematic diagram of measuring scatter parameters by the natural parameter transformation method.练习10I、1. Now it remains to be determined when the series converges.2. It is clear from Dubamel’s Theorem that this limit exists.3. It follows from Maxwell’s hypothesis that whenever there is a change in an electric field, a magnetic field is produced.4. It does not matter whether the magnet is moved in this case.5. Temperature determines in what direction the transfer of heat will take place.6. It is now a well-known fact that all matter consists of tiny particles.II、1. What a generator does is (to) change mechanical energy into electrical energy.2. What this chapter describes/What is described in this chapter is of great importance.3. Matter is what can occupy space.4. What we have discovered in this experiment is the entirely new realm of electrical phenomenon.5. This direction is opposite to what has been assumed.6. Magnitude, direction, and place of application are what we call the three elements of a force.7. These numbers constitute what is known as the real number system.8. In what follows, we shall acquaint ourselves with some basic concepts. III、1. An x-band wave-guide test system is shown in Fig.7. [或：Fig. 7 shows …].2. This method lowers the requirement for the hardware of a sample network.3. On the basis of the above analysis of the decomposition of the polynomial, a novel configuration results. [或：The above analysis of the decomposition of the polynomial results in a novel configuration.]4. Finally, an analysis of packet loss probability is made by computer simulation.5. The sparse ratio of the resulting impedance matrix is as high as 40%.练习11I、1. The meter (that/which) we use to measure the voltage across a resistor is called a voltmeter.2. Computers are the most efficient assistants (that) man has ever had.3. Now this disease is no longer the serious problem (that) it once was.4. Radar can measure the time (that) it takes for the radio echo to return.5. We must calculate the distance (that/through which) the body is lifted.6. The direction (that/in which) a body moves is also very important.7. The number of times (that/by which) this particle vibrates per/a second is called/termed/named/known as/spoken of as/referred to as frequency.8. We equate these two ratios, from which the simplest formula follows/results.9. It is necessary to determine the time when/that/at which the y-component has decreased to zero.10.. The curve on which the y-coordinate of each point is zero is just the x-axis.II、1. The point at which the circle cuts the axis of reals is where α= ω.2. The force of gravity means the force with which the earth attracts a body.3. The surface of a picture tube upon which the electrons produce the picture is called the screen.4. The author would like to express thanks to the editors of the series of which this book is a part/to which this book belongs.5. This is a parallelogram of which the two given vectors are/form sides.6. The pressure is equal to the total force divided by the area over which it is exerted.7. The two elements of which water consists are hydrogen and oxygen.8. This depends on the efficiency with which electrons are produced.9. These two laws are the foundation on which all other laws are built.10. The temperature at which water freezes is generally 0o C.III、1. As the title indicates, this chapter will discuss nonlinear equations.2. As the name shows, a fluid is a substance which flows readily.3. This single force produces the same effect as is produced by those forces together.4. Now we are able to solve such differential equations as occur in physics.5. This function can be accomplished by using the full adder as was described in the previous section.6. These concepts enable us to understand a wide range of phenomena in electrostatics, or “static electricity,” as it is called.7. This current is, as predicted, very small,8. First let us consider the simplest circuit as shown on page 2.IV、1. This is a slightly higher value than we predicted.2. This reactor can produce more fuel than it consumes.3. Let us consider the case when the torque is zero.4. We must determine the values of currents and voltages after the switch closes.5. During the ten years since this book was first published, significant changes have taken place/have been seen in metal-making.V、1. Even in this case these protocols can provide a limited number of users2. This paper presents a method an 8098 microcontroller to series-communicate with a 386 personal computer.3. The effect of equalizer parameters on equalization performance is[A detailed analysis is made of the effect of equalization parameters on equalization performance.]4. Each receiver channel in Fig. 1 contains an RF amplifier, a mixer, an IF amplifier, an A/D converter, etc.etc.”的黑点重合在一起了）with the curve going up.练习12I、1. be grounded;2. be carried;3. be raised;4. be;5. not try;6. be; be satisfied;7. be;8. be; was; have; 10. were concentrated; 11. had been; 12. were moving; 13. is going to rain; 14. be; 15. leakII、1. Should anything abnormal happen, switch/turn off the power supply at once/immediately.2. Had electronic computers not been used, it would have taken them a long time to solve this problem.3. It is very important that all solutions (should) be checked in the original equation.4. It is suggested that this design (should) be modified at once.5. Without semiconductors, satellite communications would be impossible.6. We could also have used Theorem (6) to derive the result.7. The requirement that energy (should) be conserved must be satisfied.8. Everything here, be it a component or a device, is home-made.III、1. It was this scientist who/that discovered this phenomenon a century ago.3. The speed with which sound waves move through a medium depend on the properties of the medium.4. It is not clear yet under what conditions it is that this formula can be used.5. This property we call inertia.IV、1. The author is engaged in the teachingvision, image processing and recognition.2. Let P and Q be two Boolean permutations of the same order,their composition is a new Boolean permutation.3. Three algorithms are presented, which can remarkably reduce the time to raise the pen, thus raising the drawing efficiency.4. is of great interest to communications engineers.5. The minimum entropy technique for estimating the Doppler frequency rate is presented, which has the advantages over the classical techniques of high accuracy and a small amount of computation.练习13II、1. By electromagnetic force is meant the potential difference across the battery when there is no flow of current.2. In the table below/which follows are listed various parameters of familiar computers.3. An element cannot be decomposed, nor can it be broken up by chemical methods.4. Only when x = 8, does this equation hold/apply.5. Of particular importance/Especially important are the two concepts which follow.6. Such a set we call the mathematical system.7. Rarely does one know this function with precision.8. This interrelationship between electric and magnetic fields makes possible such things as the electromagnet and the electric motor.9. Not until 1818 was the diffraction of light interpreted/explained.10. By no means do electrons move from the positive terminal to the negative terminal in a wire.II、1. The effect of air resistance is discussed in Chapter 15, and the decrease in acceleration with altitude in Chapter 17.2. It is necessary to determine the charge on and the voltage across this capacitor.3. In this case, no standard is needed, but only a numerical convention.4. This voltage is greater than or equal to 0.4 volt.5. The cathode, when heated, emits electrons.6. Every body, whether accelerated or not, is considered (to be) in equilibrium.7. If necessary, the wire will be covered with some insulation.8. The transistor has its materials arranged p-n-p, hence the name pnp transistor.III、1. An initial analysis is made of the performance of the device.2. The magnetic field is the space around a magnet occupied by the magnetic lines of force.3. This leads to the battery voltage in the model of 500 mV.4. This graph shows the variation with frequency of the resistance of theresistor.5. This is responsible for the direct return to the atmosphere of more than half the water that falls on the land.6. The question now arises how these unknowns can be determined.7. It is necessary to determine the effect on the device of changing the ambient temperature.8. The assumption has been made that the pressure always remains constant during the test.IV、1. The simulation results show that both the schemes are easy to implement.2. The model and algorithm proposed in this paper are to a certain degree/extent superior in performance to the conventional BP algorithm.3. A new technique for estimating the frequency deviation is proposed which gives a high accuracy and requires a small amount of computation.4. Improvement of the accuracy of range alignment in ISAR imaging (by) using the super resolution technique5. Research on and the realization of DTMF in a Cipher Coder6. Analysis of the ability of a quartz flexibility accelerometer to resist bad environment练习14I、1.then; Next2.while3.of course4.However5.In general; while6.Hence7.In fact8.For instance9.but; However; namely [that is]10.InsteadII、It has been observed that bodies do not change their state of rest ormotion until some other body forces them to do it. It is known form experiment that a body at rest tends to stay at rest unless a force is applied to make it move.A book lying on a table stays there unless a force is applied to move it. It is also known that any body, once (it is) in motion, will continue to move because of its inertia. To stop it a force must be applied by any other body.III、1. An analysis of the EMI the input of the SMPS and its suppressionAlso, a quantitative expression for the effect of all these factors on theperformance of the system is derived, an improved system is presented.3. This device can detect whether an IC functions properly or not/can detect4. In this way, the area of an antenna site may be reduced to one-third that of the conventional one.5. H and H’ must satisfy the conditions of Theorem 4.1 and Theorem 4.6练习15I、Semiconductors are a substance whose conductivity lies/comes/is between that of conductors and that of non-conductors. Common examples are silicon and germanium./Silicon and germanium are in common use. Semiconductorsconductivity. Therefore/Thus/So/As a result, semiconductors are widely usedfor automatically counting parts on conveying beltspurposes.II、ξ1 andη3.very quickly.3. The features of this new algorithm are simplicity and objectivity.4. It deserves to be further studied which nonlinear function should be selected.5. The test of the system was conducted at a factory in Hong Kong with练习16I、1．This paper presents a new temperature-measuring method, with emphasis on its basic principles.2. This point remains to be further studied.3. In the previous section, we dealt with the composition of a computer.4. It follows from this experiment that volume is inversely proportional to pressure.5. This statement has been verified.II、1. This new method has many advantages over those available/over the existing ones.2. The variation of pressure with temperature is obvious.3. We can determine the response of the device to frequency.4. This paper deals with the effect/influence/impact of EM waves on/upon human bodies.5. This paper presents initial researches on fluids.III、1. Two other parameters are also very important.2. This section introduces four additional/added kinds of instrument.3. A robot is a special kind of electronic device.4. We shall adopt a new set of parameters here.5. This technology has reached the advanced world level.6. Major theoretical developments in the 20th century are presented in this paper.IV、1. This cable has an approximate length of 20 meters/a length ofapproximately 20 meters.2. These pipes have an average length of slightly/a little/a bit under/less than 5 meters.3. Light has a speed through water of 224 million meters per second.4. Any other sea does not have as high a salt content as the Dead Sea (does).5. This force has a torque arm of zero.6. These forms have the advantage that it is easy to see how the results are affected by changing the angles.V、1. some distilled water2. the unknown substances3. man-made satellites4. amplitude-modulated signals5. chromium-plated steel6. the new racing cars7. freely falling bodies8. blue-lined paper9. an acute-angled triangle10. a wide-toothed sawVI、1. This method requires a much smaller amount of computation than that one (does).2. This device consumes much less energy that that one (does).3. We should use as simple a structure as possible.4. We have obtained satisfactory/satisfying results.5. Body A possesses more potential energy than body B.6. This fluorescent screen displays clearer pictures than that one.VII、1. …… because of fairly low conductivity of the skin.2. At temperatures greater than 80o C, …….3. At/For/With constant pressure, …….4. At/On/After the completion of all tests on the unit, …….5. For/With small values of ω, ……VIII、1. Operation beyond this hyperbola will result in diode power dissipation in excess of its maximum rating of 1W.2. Inclusion of the meter circuit in the feedback path minimizes the effects of diode nonlinearities on circuit performance.3. Differentiation of this equation gives the following expression.4. A temperature rise of 50o C/A rise in/of temperature by 50o C would damage the device.5. The large size of the resistor makes it possible to neglect it.6. Limited space allows only a brief discussion of quartz-crystal technology. IX、1. This fraction is rationalized by multiplying the numerator and denominator by the complex conjugate.2. The addition of two complex numbers is accomplished by separately adding the real and imaginary parts.3. The/Its solution is accomplished by first finding out I1.4. These three parameters are related by the following equation.5. V is related to t by Eq. (1–1).X、This paper presents a new design method, with emphasis on the guidelines of thought for its derivation. It has many advantages over those available [the existing ones]. Finally [Lastly], Its application is illustrated with an example. XI、1. Fig. 3 shows a transmission line with a length of I and a characteristic impedance of 500 Ω.2. Although there are many ways to produce random numbers, the procedure for producing them is quite complicated.3. As is known, when one reads a Chinese character, he or she does not consider every detail in it.4. The Hash algorithm is a scheme by which data of any length can be compressed into data of a fixed length.5. The number of times this value occurs in the observations is given in the first column.练习17I、1. （略）2. David J. Minot attended the University of California, Berkeley, CA. from 1994 – 1998. He earned the BS degree in botany there in 1998, and the M. Eng. Degree in electrical engineering from the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada in 2000. Since 2004 he has been working towards the Ph.D. degree in computer science at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.In 1998 he served as a teaching assistant at the University of California. From 2000 to 2001 he was with the Moore School of Electrical Engineering, University of Pennsylvania. His research interests concentrate on the development of software.II、This device can identify whether an IC functions properly or not and it can determine the type of an unknown chip. It can test as many as more than 700 kinds of IC. It is characterized by easy operation, high testing speed and great portability. Its price is only about one-third that of the imported product of its kind/the same kind.III、1. It is important how the transmitting antenna pattern is determined./What is important is how to determine the transmitting antenna pattern.2. δandδe can be obtained from Eqs. (3) and (4).3. There are two factors controlling the diffusive signal process: (1) the diffusive signal, which can be a brightness signal or a motion-matching signal;(2) the position of the diffusive signal, which determines where the diffusive process starts.4. The following concept is one of the basic principles on which the neural system is based.5. A method to increase the accuracy of range alignment by applying the forward-backward linear prediction is presented.练习18。
2科技英语概述
化学专业英语属于科技英语的范畴， 那科技英语的概念是怎样的呢？
YANGTZE NORMAL UNIVERSITY
科技英语（EST, English for Science and Technology）
文体——一部分具有共同职业或兴趣的人为了实现一定的交际目的而使用 的语言变体。 科技文体——自然科学和技术人员彼此进行学术交流或向读者介绍科学知 识时使用的一种语言体裁，用以描述各种自然现象客观事实及其发展过 程、性质和特征。literary language（文学文体）
YANGTZE NORMAL UNIVERSITY
Features of Grammer语法特点
1、时态：比较单一 2、语态：广泛被动语态 3 、大量使用名词化结构，动词非限定形式来扩 展句 4、使用多重复合句 5 、后置定语多 6、普遍使用逻辑联系语: 表明内在联系 however，first， second， third 7、叙述方式：避免第一人称单数，而用第一人 称复数或第三人称形式
current coat bed desk body 流通 外套 床 书桌 身体 电流 镀层 底座，机身座 控制屏 机身
YANGTZE NORMAL UNIVERSITY
2、同一词语词义多专业化 transmission
电气工程：输送 机械学：传动，变速 无线电：发射、播送 医学：遗传 物理：透射 数学：幂，乘方 物理：功率 光学：放大率 电气工程：电力、动力 统计学：功效 力学：阻力 电学：电阻 机械学：耐受性、强度
以客观的风格陈述事实和揭示真理。避免表露 个人感情，力求少用或不用充满感情色彩的词。
YANGTZE NORMAL UNIVERSITY
大量使用专业术语 语义单一严谨表义确切 1、常用词汇专业化
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sulfonic sulfamide
• O oxygen • N nitrogen • H hydrogen
常见金属的英文名称
钴 cobalt 锂 lithium 铝 aluminium 镉 cadmium
镁 magnesium 铜 copper 锌 zinc 钠 sodium
数字 one two three four
2. 叏部分字母 examination exam mathematics maths China CN Laboratory lab
PPT PowerPoint PS photoshop TNT trinitrotoluene DNA deoxyribonucleic acid
2.5 混成法 （Blending) -----把两个词的词头和词尾组合到一起构成新词的方法。 烟雾=smoke+fog=smog 正电子=positive+electron=positron 烃=hydrogen+carbon=hydrogen
(3) 增加语气助词来符合我们汉语的表达习惯 例: 1. The rocket landed on the moon. 2. The carbon has lost electrons and the oxygen has gained electrons in the change. (4) 由-ing，戒-ed引导的省略短语戒被动语态的省略 1. Viewed from the top, the whole city looks like a huge butterfly. 2. hydrocarbons are lighter than water, and, being almost completely insoluble, float on it. 3. Practically all substance expand when heated and extract when cooled.
1. Extreme temperature causes dramatic changes in the properties of rubber. 2. Evaporation sometimes produces a slurry of crystals in a saturated mother liquor. 3. The presence of an acid stronger than nitric acid accelerates the heterolysis into NO+2 and OH-. 4. A body with a negative charge possesses more electrons than protons. 5. Oxidation will make iron and steel rusty.
EDTA Ethylene Diamine Tetraacetic Acid 4S Sale Sparepart Service Survey WTO World Trade Organization GPS Global Position System GDP Gross Domestic Product
科技英语不非科技英语的区别
语法上的区别 1. 被动语态多 2. 定语仍句多 3. 复杂长句多 单词上的区别 1. 引申义多 2. 派生词多 3. 缩略词多
翻译过程 1. 理解阶段 2. 表达阶段 3. 校对阶段
派生法（Derivation) -----通过加前缀戒后缀构成另一种新词。 硫 磺酸基的 sulfur 磺酸盐 磺酸胺 sulfonate 碳酸盐 carbonate 羧酸盐 carboxylate 硫酸盐 sulfate 硝酸盐 nitrate
第三章 单词
例： 1. When a boy is ill, a doctor usually takes his temperature firstly. 2. An acid was once defied as a substance that would form hydrogen ions in water solution and a base as one that would form hydroxide ions in the same. 3. Of course, when an acid loses a proton, a base must be in presence to accept it. Thus, an acid and a base react in a proton transfer reaction, which is generally known as a neutralization reaction. 4. Salts may also be found by the replacement of hydrogen from an acid with a metal.
tetra-
but……
压缩法（Shortening) 1. 叧叏首字母 USA United States of America SOS Save Our Souls EST English for Science and Technology UFO
Unidentified Flying Object
第三章 单词
2. 丌可数名词 Water Difference 当丌可数名词后加“s”时表示“种类” 例：solvent property 1. Methanol is easily to be mixed with other organic solvents. 2. Propertes of non-metals vary widely. 3. Air is mixture of gases.
希腊戒拉 丁前缀
烷基
烷烃
烯烃
醇
……
-yl
甲 乙
-ane
-ene
______
-anol methanol
monodibitri-
meth- methyl methane eth丙
ethyl
ethane
ethene
ethanol
propanol butanol
prop丁
propyl propane propene butyl butane butene
第三章 单词
3. 数词复数词组的用法 例： 1. These books are packed in tens. 2. These products are counted by hundreds.
习题
3.3 词义引申的译法
由于英语和汉语表达方式之间的差异，翻译时直译讲 不通，因此，根据词的本意结合上下文，引申出合适 的意思。
2.省译 （1） 省略主语 1. Although he is smart, he is not interested in sdudying. (2) 省略丌定冠词戒复数形式（表示一类时） 1. In most cases, a cat can not be a friend of a dog. 2. Boys are always interested in playing games, while girls pay more attention on cosmetics.
2.6 符号法(Signs)
2.7 字母象形法（Letter Symbolizing) 构词模式“大写字母+连字符+名词” T-shirt
U-pipe
X-ray
第三章 单词
主要内容：单词翻译的注意事项 • 3.1 名词单复数译法也再翻 译时加上“一些，这些，许多”等修饰词。 例：1. Our first electronic computers were made in 1958. 2. The girls who are making experiments are the students of our class. (2) 当可数名词前加不定冠词a/an时表示一类时不能翻译出 “a/an”的意思。
3. Before electrons were discovered, it was assumed that the invisible fluid of electricity flowed from the positive to the negative object. 4. He used to oil the lathe once a day when he was a turner. He had been oiling the lathe at this time yesterday. 5. Organic compounds were once thought to be produced only by living organism. 6. Gasoline would have been difficult to supply in the quantities required if it had not been for improvements in refining methods and the introduction of cracking.
例： 汉译英：大部分的粉丝都很疯狂。 vermicelli
1. He is a stranger to the operation of the electronic computer. 2. The return of the light into the same medium in which it has been travelling is reflection. 3. In the reaction both the acid and the base are neutralized forming water and salt.