Optical sensor
化学电阻气体传感器种类及特点
化学电阻气体传感器种类及特点化学电阻气体传感器是一种常用的气体传感器，可以用于检测和测量空气中的各种气体浓度，广泛应用于环境监测、工业生产、安全防护等领域。
根据其工作原理和传感材料的不同，化学电阻气体传感器可以分为几种不同的类型，每种类型都有其特点和适用范围。
1. 金属氧化物传感器（Metal Oxide Semiconductor Sensor，简称MOX）：金属氧化物传感器是最常见的一种化学电阻气体传感器。
它的工作原理是通过金属氧化物材料与气体发生化学反应，改变电阻值来检测气体浓度。
金属氧化物传感器具有灵敏度高、响应快、成本低的特点，可以检测多种气体，如一氧化碳、二氧化硫、甲醛等。
但是金属氧化物传感器对温度和湿度的变化较为敏感，需要进行温湿度补偿。
2. 电化学传感器（Electrochemical Sensor）：电化学传感器是另一种常见的化学电阻气体传感器。
它的工作原理是利用电化学反应测量气体浓度。
电化学传感器通常由电极、电解质和反应物组成，当目标气体与电极上的反应物发生反应时，会引起电流或电压的变化。
电化学传感器具有高精度、低功耗和长寿命的特点，可以检测多种气体，如氧气、一氧化碳、二氧化硫等。
但是电化学传感器对温度和湿度的变化也较为敏感。
3. 半导体气体传感器（Semiconductor Gas Sensor）：半导体气体传感器是一种基于半导体材料的化学电阻气体传感器。
它的工作原理是通过半导体材料与目标气体之间的相互作用来测量气体浓度。
半导体气体传感器具有灵敏度高、响应快、体积小、成本低的特点，可以检测多种气体，如甲醛、乙醇、甲烷等。
但是半导体气体传感器对温度和湿度的变化较为敏感，需要进行温湿度补偿。
4. 光学气体传感器（Optical Gas Sensor）：光学气体传感器是一种基于光学原理的化学电阻气体传感器。
它的工作原理是通过光的吸收、散射或透过程度来测量气体浓度。
光学气体传感器具有高灵敏度、快速响应和高选择性的特点，可以检测多种气体，如二氧化碳、氨气、二氧化硫等。
光电鼠标内部结构
光电鼠标内部结构光电鼠标是一种通过使用光电传感器来检测和跟踪鼠标移动的设备。
它使用的是一种被称为“光电传感器”的装置，该装置通过感知光线的变化来确定鼠标的位置和移动。
光电鼠标内部结构包括以下几个主要组成部分：1. 光电传感器（Optical Sensor）：光电传感器是光电鼠标的核心组件，它负责检测鼠标移动过程中光线的变化来确定光电鼠标的位置和移动距离。
光电传感器通常由 LED 发光二极管和光电二极管（Photodiode）组成。
LED 发光二极管发射出红外线或红光，光电二极管则通过感知这些光线的变化来确定光电鼠标的位置。
2. 透镜系统（Lens System）：透镜系统位于光电传感器和鼠标底部之间，其作用是聚焦透射到传感器上的光线，以便光电传感器能够准确地检测到光线的变化。
透镜系统通常由一组透镜组成，这些透镜一般被设计成呈增强型曲面凸透镜的形状，以便能够增强光线的聚焦效果。
3. DSP 芯片（Digital Signal Processor Chip）：DSP 芯片是光电鼠标的另一个关键组件，它用于处理从光电传感器接收到的信号。
DSP 芯片负责将传感器接收到的信号转换为数字信号，并将这些信号进行处理以计算鼠标的位置和移动距离。
同时，DSP 芯片还可以通过算法对信号进行滤波和增强，以提高鼠标的灵敏度和精准度。
4. 滚轮（Scroll Wheel）：滚轮是光电鼠标上的一个可旋转的圆盘，通过手指滚动滚轮可以实现鼠标在文档中的垂直滚动。
滚轮通常与一个编码器相连，编码器用于检测滚轮的旋转方向和速度，并将这些信息传递给计算机以实现对文档的滚动操作。
5. 电路板（Circuit Board）：电路板是光电鼠标内部的一个重要组成部分，它上面集成了光电传感器、DSP 芯片、滚轮编码器以及其他的控制电路。
电路板也连接着光电鼠标的 USB 接口，以便将鼠标的信号传输给计算机。
6. 设备外壳（Device Casing）：设备外壳是光电鼠标的外部包装，为内部组件提供保护和支持。
工业镜头相关参数
工业镜头相关参数工业镜头是一种用于工业应用的专用光学镜头，广泛应用于机器视觉系统、工业自动化设备、医疗设备等领域。
在选择和使用工业镜头时，了解相关参数是非常重要的。
本文将介绍一些常见的工业镜头相关参数，帮助读者更好地理解和选择适合自己需求的工业镜头。
1. 焦距 (Focal Length)焦距是工业镜头最基本的参数之一，它决定了镜头的放大倍率和视场角。
焦距越长，所拍摄的场景越小，放大倍率越大；焦距越短，所拍摄的场景越大，放大倍率越小。
一般来说，焦距越长的镜头适用于需要放大细节的应用，焦距越短的镜头适用于需要拍摄大范围场景的应用。
2. 对焦范围 (Focus Range)对焦范围是指工业镜头能够清晰对焦的距离范围。
在工业应用中，对焦范围通常需要根据实际需求来选择。
对焦范围较小的镜头适合需要对焦于近距离物体的应用，对焦范围较大的镜头适合对焦于远距离物体的应用。
3. 光学口径 (Optical Aperture)光学口径是指工业镜头镜片的直径大小，决定了镜头能够通过的光线量。
光学口径越大，镜头能够通过的光线越多，适用于低光条件下的拍摄。
光学口径对应的F值也是评估镜头透光能力的指标，F值越小，透光能力越强。
4. 图像传感器尺寸 (Image Sensor Size)图像传感器尺寸是指工业相机所使用的图像传感器的尺寸大小。
工业镜头的图像传感器尺寸需要与相机的图像传感器尺寸相匹配才能获得最佳的成像效果。
常见的图像传感器尺寸有1/3英寸、1/2英寸、2/3英寸等。
5. 解析度 (Resolution)解析度是指工业镜头能够捕捉和呈现的图像细节数量和清晰度。
解析度通常以水平线对应的图像细节数量来表示，单位为线对每毫米。
较高的解析度意味着镜头能够捕捉更多的细节并提供更清晰的图像。
6. 失真率 (Distortion)失真率是评估工业镜头图像形变程度的指标。
镜头失真会使图像形状发生扭曲或拉伸，影响成像的准确性。
低失真率的工业镜头能够提供更真实、更准确的图像。
激光、光电、光学词汇中英文对照
激光、光电、光学词汇中英文对照1. 激光（Laser）2. 光电效应（Photoelectric Effect）3. 光学（Optics）4. 光纤（Fiber Optic）5. 光谱（Spectrum）6. 折射率（Refractive Index）7. 透镜（Lens）8. 反射（Reflection）9. 干涉（Interference）10. 衍射（Diffraction）11. 偏振（Polarization）12. 激光切割（Laser Cutting）13. 激光焊接（Laser Welding）14. 光电探测器（Photoelectric Detector）15. 光电传感器（Photoelectric Sensor）16. 光学显微镜（Optical Microscope）17. 光学望远镜（Optical Telescope）18. 光学镜头（Optical Lens）19. 光学滤波器（Optical Filter）20. 光学编码器（Optical Enr）21. 光学通信（Optical Communication）22. 光学存储（Optical Storage）24. 光学子系统（Optical Subsystem）25. 光学设计（Optical Design）26. 光学加工（Optical Fabrication）27. 光学镀膜（Optical Coating）28. 光学检测（Optical Inspection）29. 光学成像（Optical Imaging）30. 光学治疗（Optical Therapy）31. 光学材料（Optical Materials）32. 光学元件（Optical Elements）33. 光学路径（Optical Path）34. 光学平台（Optical Platform）35. 光学子件（Optical Component）36. 光学连接器（Optical Connector）37. 光学开关（Optical Switch）38. 光学调制器（Optical Modulator）39. 光学衰减器（Optical Attenuator）40. 光学放大器（Optical Amplifier）41. 光学显示器（Optical Display）42. 光学子午线（Optical Meridian）43. 光学分辨率（Optical Resolution）44. 光学畸变（Optical Distortion）45. 光学厚度（Optical Thickness）46. 光学密度（Optical Density）48. 光学干涉仪（Optical Interferometer）49. 光学相干断层扫描（Optical Coherence Tomography）50. 光学扫描器（Optical Scanner）51. 光学跟踪（Optical Tracking）52. 光学遥感（Optical Remote Sensing）53. 光学成像系统（Optical Imaging System）54. 光学跟踪系统（Optical Tracking System）55. 光学定位系统（Optical Positioning System）56. 光学子午仪（Optical Meridian Instrument）57. 光学补偿器（Optical Compensator）58. 光学补偿器（Optical Corrector）59. 光学基准（Optical Reference）60. 光学基准面（Optical Reference Plane）这些词汇涵盖了激光、光电和光学领域的基本概念、技术和设备。
(完整版)光学专业常用英语词汇
光学专业常用英语词汇photoelectric liquid-level indicator 光电液位指示器photoelectric encoder 光电译码器photocathode 光电阴极photoelectric cathode photoelectric cell 光电阴极光电管photoelectric fluorometer 光电荧光计optical-electronic mail address recognizer 光电邮件地址识别机photoelectric threshold 光电阈photoelectric cell 光电元件photoelement 光电元件photounit 光电元件photoelectric reader 光电阅读器photoreader 光电阅读器photoelectric chopper 光电斩波器photoelectric lighting control 光电照明控制electro-optical rectifier 光电整流器photoelectric direct reading spectrometer 光电直读光谱计photoelectric guidance 光电制导photoelectric transit instrument 光电中星仪photoelectric clock 光电钟photoelectric translating system 光电转换系统photoelectric conversion efficiency 光电转换效率photoelectrical refrigeration 光－电转换制冷photoelectric tachometer 光电转速计photoelectronics 光电装置photoelectric turbidimeter 光电浊度计photonephelometer 光电浊度计photoelectron 光电子photoelectric yield 光电子产额optical electronic reproducer 光电子唱头optoelectronic memory 光电子存储optoelectronic storage 光电子存储optoelectronic storage 光电子存储器photoelectronic 光电子的photoelectric emission 光电子发射photoelectron emission spectroscopy 光电子发射能谱学optoelectronic amplifier 光电子放大器photoelectron spectroscopy 光电子光谱学photoelectron counting 光电子计数angular distribution of photoelectron 光电子角度分布optoelectronic switch 光电子开关energy distribution of photoelectron 光电子能量分布photoelectron spectroscopy 光电子能谱学photoelectron spectroscopy 光电子谱法optoelectronic modulator 光电子调制器photoelectron statistics 光电子统计学photoelectron image 光电子图像photoelectronic phenomena 光电子现象optical electronics 光电子学optoelectronics 光电子学photoelectronics 光电子学optoelectronic 光电子学的optoelectronic shutter 光电子学光闸electrooptical character recognition 光电字符识别light resistance 光电阻optical superposing 光叠加photodynamic inactivation 光动力钝化作用photodynamic substance 光动力物质photodynamics 光动力学photodynamic action 光动力作用p hotokinesis 光动态photokinesis 光动性photodinesis 光动状态photosensing marker 光读出标记luminosity 光度photometric scale 光度标photometric standard 光度标准photometric parameter 光度参数photometric measurement 光度测量photometry 光度测量method of photometric interpolation 光度插入法photometric unit 光度单位photometric titration 光度滴定photometric titration 光度滴定法photometry 光度法light-distribution photometer 光度分布计photometric pyrometer 光度高温计photometric orbit 光度轨道- 食双星luminosity function 光度函数photometric integrator 光度积分器photometric integrating sphere 光度积分球photometric primary standard 光度基准器luminosity class 光度级optimeter 光度计photometer 光度计photometric computer 光度计算机photometric calibration 光度校准photometric distance 光度距离photometric aperture 光度孔径photometric paradox 光度矛盾luminosity curve 光度曲线photometric parallax 光度视差photometric binary 光度双星- 即食双星photometric bench 光度台overluminous star 光度特大恒星photometric system 光度系统luminosity rate 光度效率luminosity class 光度型photometry 光度学luminosity evolution 光度演化luminosity paradox 光度佯谬photometric paradox 光度佯谬telephotometry 光度遥测法telephotometry 光度遥测术photometric diameter 光度直径photodimerization 光二聚photodimerization 光二聚作用luminous emittance 光发射度light emitting diode 光发射二极管photoemissivity 光发射能力optical emission spectrography 光发射摄谱学photocell 光发射元件optical transmitter 光发送机light valve 光阀photovalve 光阀light valve display 光阀显示light valve array 光阀阵列photon sail 光帆light reflex 光反射luminous reflectance 光反射比light reaction 光反应photoreaction 光反应photoreactive chlorophyll 光反应性叶绿素light amplifier 光放大器optical amplifier 光放大器photolysis 光分解photovoltaic device 光伏器件photovoltaic sensor 光伏式传感器photovoltaic transducer 光伏式传感器photovoltaic detector 光伏探测器photovoltaic effect 光伏效应solar photovoltaic energy system 光伏型太阳能源系统optical character recognition 光符号识别optical character recognition 光符识别optical character recognition application 光学字符识别应用optical character recognition device 光符识别装置light radiation 光辐射optical radiation 光辐射optical radiation standard 光辐射标准器photoreactivation 光复活photoreactivating enzyme 光复活酶photoreactivating deficient mutant 光复活缺陷突变型photoreactivation repair 光复活修复photoreactivation 光复活作用optical interferometry 光干涉量度学polished rod 光杆stroke of polished rod 光杆冲程polished rod horsepower 光杆功率position of polished rod 光杆位置light sensation 光感sensillum opticum 光感器photoreception 光感受photoreceptor 光感受器photoreception 光感受作用optical lever 光杠杆opto-isolator 光隔离器photoisolator 光隔离器optical tracking satellite 光跟踪卫星optical tracker system 光跟踪系统optical tracking system 光跟踪系统mechanical equivalent of light 光功当量optical soliton 光孤子photo-curing 光固化light-cured composite 光固化复合树脂photocurable polyimide 光固化聚酰亚胺light-cured resin 光固化树脂photocureable coating 光固化涂料light curring unit 光固化装置X-ray tube Ｘ光管bare pipe 光管light pipe 光管light-pipe optics 光管光学optical track 光盘轨optical track pitch 光轨间距light-compass reaction 光晷反应smooth roll 光辊photosensitivity 光过敏photosensitization 光过敏bare electrode 光焊条photosynthetic ratio 光合比photosynthetic number 光合比值photosynthate 光合产物photosynthetic product 光合产物photosynthetic unit 光合单位photosynthetic 光合的photosynthetic electron transport 光合电子传递photosynthetic activity 光合活性photophosphorylation 光合磷酸化photophosphorylase 光合磷酸化酶optical combiner 光合路器photosynthetic intensity 光合强度photosynthetic pigment 光合色素photosynthetic quotient 光合商photosynthetic carbon metabolism 光合碳代谢Calvin cycle 光合碳还原环photosynthetic carbon reduction cycle 光合碳还原环photosystem 光合体系photosynthetic bacteria 光合细菌photosynthetic efficiency 光合效率photoheterotroph 光合异养生物photosynthetic active radiation 光合有效辐射photosynthetically active radiation 光合有效辐射photoautotrophic 光合自养的photosynthetic tissue 光合组织photosynthesis 光合作用epipelagic 光合作用带的photosynthesis science 光合作用科学photosynthesis physiology 光合作用生理学photosynthetic bacteria 光合作用细菌photonuclear reaction 光核反应Prunus mira Koehne. 光核桃smooth pit peach 光核桃photonucleon 光核子optically thick medium 光厚介质- 光深τ＞１的介质photorespiration 光呼吸photorespiration 光呼吸作用smooth approximation 光滑逼近smooth boundary 光滑边界glare ice 光滑冰smooth invariant measure 光滑不变测度smooth measure 光滑测度smooth hypersurface 光滑超曲面slickens 光滑冲积层glassy 光滑的glossy 光滑的laevigate 光滑的laevigatus 光滑的laevis 光滑的levigate 光滑的sleek 光滑的smooth point 光滑点smooth two-dimensional manifold 光滑二维流形smoothing equation 光滑方程smooth function 光滑函数smoothing function 光滑函数smooth kernel 光滑核smoothing problem 光滑化问题slick joint 光滑接头smooth structure 光滑结构smoothing solution 光滑解smooth colony 光滑型菌落smooth manifold 光滑流形smooth plane curve 光滑平面曲线smooth surface 光滑曲面smooth curve 光滑曲线smoothing operator 光滑算子smooth broach 光滑髓针smooth core rotor 光滑铁心转子smooth type 光滑型smooth sequence 光滑序列smooth map 光滑映射smooth mapping 光滑映射actinic glass 光化玻璃Einstein's law of photochemical equivalence 光化当量的爱因斯坦定律actinic 光化的actinoelectricity 光化电photoionization 光化电离actinicity 光化度actinism 光化度photochemical reaction 光化反应actinic radiation 光化辐射actinic focus 光化焦点actinic green 光化绿actinic green glass 光化绿玻璃actinic rays 光化射线actinicity 光化性actinic chemistry 光化学actinochemistry 光化学actinology 光化学photochemistry 光化学chemosphere 光化学层photochemical rearrangement 光化学重排first law of photochemistry 光化学第一定律photochemical cell 光化学电池photochemical kinetics 光化学动力学photochemical reaction 光化学反应reaction kinetics of photochemistry 光化学反应动力学photochemical process 光化学过程photochemically reactive hydrocarbons 光化学活性碳氢化合物photochemical processing 光化学加工photochemical crosslinking 光化学交联photochemotherapy 光化学疗法photochemical equilibrium 光化学平衡photo chemical vapor deposition 光化学气相沉积Photo-CVD 光化学气相沉积photochemical stability 光化学稳定性photochemical pollutant 光化学污染物photochemical fog 光化学雾photochemical smog 光化学烟雾photochemical smog kinetics 光化学烟雾动力学photochemical oxidant 光化学氧化剂photochemical transformation 光化学转化photochemical smog 光化烟雾photochemical induction 光化学诱导actinism 光化作用photoreduction 光还原ring of light 光环sight reticle camera 光环摄影机halo effect 光环效应photopsy 光幻觉lumiflavin 光黄素light fog 光灰雾mithramycin 光辉霉素photoactivation 光活化photoactive reaction 光活化反应optical active matter 光活性剂optical active polymer 光活性聚合物X-ray machine Ｘ光机opto-mechanical scanner 光机扫描器optical-mechanical scanner 光机扫描仪optical-mechanical system 光机系统light distortion 光畸变photothyristor 光激半导体闸流管photostimulated ionization 光激电离optically active material 光激活材料light-activated switch 光激开关light-activated silicon controlled switch 光激可控硅开关light-activated silicon controlled rectifier 光激可控硅整流器photo-SCR 光激可控硅整流器photoexcitation 光激励phototonus 光激性photoluminescence 光激荧光现象photokinesis 光激运动post-maximum spectrum 光极大后光谱optical integrated circuit 光集成电路optical computer 光计算机optical recording 光记录optical recording media 光记录媒体optical relay 光继电器Aglaspida 光甲目Anoplophora glabripennis 光肩星天牛optical detector 光检测器photodetector 光检测器light degradation 光降解photodegradation 光降解photodegradable polymer 光降解聚合物light step 光阶optical receiver 光接收器bareface fabric 光洁不起绒织物bright quenching 光洁淬火clean hardening 光洁淬火finish 光洁度smooth finish 光洁度smoothness 光洁度roughness meter 光洁度计clean thread 光洁螺纹clean-cut timber 光洁木材photodecomposition 光解photolysis 光解作用protolysis 光解反应叶绿素photodissociation 光解离photolytic silver 光解银photomeson 光介子photopion nuclear physics 光π介子核物理学optotransistor 光晶体管optical path 光径radius-luminosity relation 光径关系light microscope 光镜optical moment 光矩optical system 光具组optical bench 光具座bench photometer 光具座式光度计photo polymerization 光致聚合photopolymer 光聚合物photopolymerization 光聚作用optical switch 光开关photoengraving 光刻photoetching 光刻photolithography 光刻photoetching material 光刻材料photoetching 光刻法photolithographic process 光刻工艺photolithography technique 光刻工艺mask aligner 光刻机photolithography limitation 光刻极限photoetch integrated circuit 光刻集成电路photoetching technique 光刻技术photoresist 光刻胶photolithographic diffusion window 光刻扩散窗口photoetch pattern 光刻图案photolithographic mask layer 光刻掩蔽层photolithographic masking operation 光刻掩蔽工序phototched mask 光刻掩摸light writer 光刻字机aperture color 光孔色photophobia 光恐怖Raysistor 光控变阻器photoelectroluminescence 光控电致发光optically controlled gyro compass 光控回转罗盘photorelay 光控继电器photo-thyristor 光控晶闸管light-operated switch 光控开关photoswitch 光控开关photoimpact 光控脉冲light-dependent control element 光控元件optical control 光控制diaphragm 光阑diaphragm setting 光阑定位diaphragm aperture 光阑孔径diaphragm servomotor 光阑驱动伺服电动机diaphragm lens 光阑透镜optical cable 光缆optical fiber cable 光缆optical fibre cable 光缆optical cable distribution system 光缆分配系统optical cable splice 光缆接头optical cable connector 光缆连接器optical cable connector adapter 光缆连接器转接座optical cable driver 光缆驱动器optical cable communication 光缆通信optical cable assembly 光缆组件light aging 光老化lidar 激光雷达optical radar 光雷达photoionization 光离子化photoionization detector 光离子化检测器photomechanics 光测力学optomechanics 光力学granulation 光粒组织optical connector 光连接器optical link 光链路glitter 光亮clean annealing 光亮退火bright quenching oil 光亮淬火油nitid 光亮的nitidum 光亮的bright plating 光亮电镀bright current density range 光亮电流密度范围luminance 光亮度luminance brightness 光亮度bright plating 光亮镀gilding brass 光亮黄铜brightener 光亮剂brightening agent 光亮剂bright pickling 光亮浸蚀bright drawing 光亮拉丝bright coal 光亮煤bright heat treatment 光亮热处理bright heat treatment wire 光亮热处理钢丝bright adaptation 光亮适应luminous quantities 光亮数量bright annealing 光亮退火light annealing 光亮退火bright annealing furnace 光亮退火炉bright stock 光亮油料Lampridiformes 光亮鱼目magnitude of light 光量quantity of light 光量actinography 光量测定法photometry 光量法light control 光量控制light control tape 光量控制带light control characteristic 光量控制特性light quantum 光量子photon 光量子optical quantum counter tube 光量子计数管quantum theory of light 光量子论phototherapy 光疗light therapy 光疗法photophosphorylation 光合磷酸化作用optical homodyne detection 光零差探测light stream 光流photohalogenation 光卤化carnallite 光卤石photographic recording 光录声optical path 光路optical path length 光路长度reversibility [riˌvə:səˈbiliti] of optical path 光路可逆性optical filter 光滤波器smooth millboard 光面纸板smooth-surfaced roofing 光面屋面halo blight 光轮疫病halonate 光轮状light-compass orientation 光罗盘定向blank bolt 光螺栓pulsed light 光脉冲optical pulse generator 光脉冲发生器amplification of light pulse 光脉冲放大photo-impulses counting 光脉冲计数optical pulse counter 光脉冲计数器optical pulse counting 光脉冲记数compression of light pulse 光脉冲压缩compression technique of light pulse 光脉冲压缩技术photogermination 光萌发optical density 光密度light densitometer 光密度计optically denser medium 光密介质streamer 光幂grain side 光面bright steel wire 光面钢丝refacer 光面机plain arch 光面拱skidding tire 光面轮胎smooth tread tyre 光面轮胎smooth endoplasmic reticulum 光面内质网smooth surfaced endoplasmic reticulum 光面内质网Leiotriletes 光面三缝孢属glossy paper 光面相纸glossy print 光面照片glassy millboard 光面纸板plane ashlar 光面琢石light sensing 光敏photovaristor 光敏变阻器photosensitive glass 光敏玻璃phototropic glass fiber 光敏玻璃纤维photoconductive film 光敏薄膜photosensitizer 光敏材料light sensitive layer 光敏层photodarlington 光敏达林顿放大器light sensitive 光敏的photosensitive 光敏的light sensitive cell 光敏电池photo-potentiometer 光敏电位器photovaristor 光敏电阻photoresistor 光敏电阻light sensitive resistance ceramics 光敏电阻瓷photoresistor ceramics 光敏电阻瓷light sensitive resistor 光敏电阻器ligt resistor 光敏电阻器photo-resistor 光敏电阻器light sensitive diode 光敏二极管photosensitive diode 光敏二极管optical sensor 光敏感器photo-sensor 光敏感器photosensitivity 光敏感性light sensor 光敏感元件photosensor 光敏感元件photosensitivity disorder 光敏感障碍light sensitive seed 光敏感种子light-sensitive tube 光敏管photosensitive tube 光敏管photosensitization 光敏化photosensitizer 光敏剂light sensitive relay 光敏继电器photosensitive relay 光敏继电器photosensitive detector 光敏检波器photosensitive adhesive 光敏胶粘剂actinodielectric 光敏介电的optical transistor 光敏晶体管phototransistor 光敏晶体管phototransistor circuit 光敏晶体管电路phototransistor matrix 光敏晶体管阵列phototransistor 光敏晶体三极管photopolymer 光敏聚合物photosensitive polymer 光敏聚合物light activated switch 光敏开关light-activated silicon switch 光敏可控硅整流器photosensing device 光敏器件photosensor 光敏器件phototransistor 光敏三极管phototriode 光敏三极管phytochrome 光敏色素light-sensitive detector 光敏探测器photaceram 光敏微晶玻璃photosensitive glass-ceramics 光敏微晶玻璃photo document sensor 光敏文件感受器photoinitiator 光敏引发剂light-sensitive cell 光敏元件photosensitive element 光敏元件photosensor 光敏元件photo-thyristor 光敏闸流管photosensitization 光敏作用Guangming 光明lucensomycin 光明霉素optical mode 光模optical analog memory 光模拟存储器optical pattern recognition 光模式识别luminous energy 光能actionoscope 光能测定器actinometry 光能测定学actinometer 光能测定仪photosynthesis 光能合成photoenergetics 光能力学phototroph 光能利用菌efficiency for solar energy utilization 光能利用率phototrophic bacteria 光能利用细菌actinometry 光能强度测定actinogram 光能曲线图photolithotrophy 光能无机营养photolithotrophic bacteria 光能无机营养菌photoheterotrophic bacteria 光能异养菌photoheterotroph 光能异养生物photoorganotrophy 光能有机营养photoorganotrophic bacteria 光能有机营养菌photoautotrophy 光能自养photoautotrophic bacteria 光能自养菌photo-autotroph 光能自养生物light year 光年lyear 光年photo viscoelasticity 光粘弹性photocoagulator 光凝固器photocoagulator 光凝结器light button 光钮optical coupling 光耦合light-coupled semiconductor switch 光耦合半导体开关optically coupled isolator 光耦合隔离器optical coupler 光耦合器optocoupler 光耦合器photocoupler 光耦合器light beating spectroscopy 光拍光谱学optical disc 光盘optical disk 光盘optical disc drive 光盘驱动器optical disc servo control system 光盘伺服控制系统wedge 光劈optical biasing 光偏置light deflection 光偏转optical deflector 光偏转器optodeflector 光偏转器photobleaching 光漂白clean bill 光票clean payment credit 光票付款信用证clean payment letter of credit 光票付款信用证clean remittance 光票汇款clean rate 光票利率clean collection 光票托收collection on clean bill 光票托收clean credit 光票信用证clean letter of credit 光票信用证optical frequency 光频optical frequency standard 光频标optical isolator 光频隔离器optical frequency division multiplexing 光频频分复用optical phonon 光频声子optical double magnetic resonance 光频双磁共振optical branch 光频支optical screen 光屏photomask agent 光屏蔽剂optical screen reader 光屏读数器light spectrum 光谱optical spectrum 光谱即时频谱分析仪(Real Time Spectrum Analyzerspectrum 光谱semiquantitative spectrometric analysis 光谱半定量分析spectral background 光谱背景spectrocomparator 光谱比较仪spectrum variable 光谱变星spectral standard solar cell 光谱标准太阳电池spectrometry 光谱测定法spectral measurement 光谱测量spectrophone 光谱测声器spectral component 光谱成分spectral pure 光谱纯spectroscopically pure 光谱纯spectroscopically pure graphite 光谱纯石墨spectral bandwidth 光谱带宽spectral 光谱的spectroscopic lamp 光谱灯spectroelectrochemistry 光谱电化学quantitative spectrochemical analysis 光谱定量分析quantitative spectrometric analysis 光谱定量分析qualitative spectrometric analysis 光谱定性分析spectral luminous efficiency 光谱发光效率spectral emissivity 光谱发射率spectral reflectance 光谱反射spectral reflectance 光谱反射比spectral range 光谱范围spectral directional reflectance factor 光谱方向反射因子spectrum emission 光谱放射率spectral resolution 光谱分辨率spectral distribution 光谱分布spectral distribution curve 光谱分布曲线spectral distribution graph 光谱分布图spectrum order sorter 光谱分级器spectral classification 光谱分类spectral analysis 光谱分析spectrographic analysis 光谱分析spectrum analysis 光谱分析spectrum analyser 光谱分析器physics of spectroscopic analysis 光谱分析物理学error in spectrochemical analysis 光谱分析误差spectral peak 光谱峰bandwidth of emission spectrum 光谱辐射带宽spectral radiometry 光谱辐射度量学spectrum radiator 光谱辐射计spectral radiance factor 光谱辐射亮度因子spectral radiance 光谱辐射率spectral radiant energy 光谱辐射能spectral radiance energy 光谱辐射能量spectral radiant flux 光谱辐射通量spectral radiant gain 光谱辐射增益spectral radiant illuminance standard lamp 光谱辐射照度标准灯spectral irradiance 光谱辐照度spectral irradiance distribution 光谱辐照度分布spectral interference 光谱干扰spectral photographic plate 光谱感光板spectral sensitivity 光谱感光度spectral pyrometer 光谱高温计spectrophotometric colorimetry 光谱光度测色法spectral-luminosity classification 光谱－光度分类法spectrum-luminosity diagram 光谱光度图- 即赫罗图spectral photometry 光谱光度学spectral luminous efficiency 光谱光视效率spectral luminous efficiency curve 光谱光视效率曲线spectral luminous efficacy 光谱光视效能spectroscopic optics 光谱光学spectral locus 光谱轨迹spectrum locus 光谱轨迹spectrochemistry 光谱化学qualitative spectrochemical analysis 光谱化学定性分析spectrochemical analysis 光谱化学分析spectrochemical series 光谱化学系列spectral buffer 光谱缓冲剂spectroscopic buffer 光谱缓冲剂excitation of spectra 光谱激发order of spectrum 光谱级spectrograde 光谱级spectroscopic technology 光谱技术spectrum technology 光谱技术spectral discrimination 光谱鉴别spectral discriminator 光谱鉴别器spectral mirror 光谱镜spectral centroid 光谱矩心spectral width 光谱宽度spectroscopic prism 光谱棱镜quantum theory of spectra 光谱量子理论spectral sensitivity 光谱灵敏度spectrum sensitivity 光谱灵敏度spectral sensitivity characteristic 光谱灵敏度特性曲线spectral filtering 光谱滤波spectral density 光谱密度spectrum-density diagram 光谱－密度图spectral sensitivity 光谱敏感性spectral energy distribution 光谱能量分布spectral power distribution 光谱能量分布spectral mach 光谱配色spectrum matching 光谱匹配spectro-polarimeter 光谱偏光计spectral shift 光谱偏移spectral intensity 光谱强度spectral region 光谱区spectral tristimulus values 光谱三色刺激值spectral tristimulus values 光谱三色激励值spectral color 光谱色spectrum color 光谱色spectrocolorimeter 光谱色度计spectrocolorimetry 光谱色度学spectral chromaticity coordinates 光谱色度坐标spectroscopic entropy 光谱熵spectral photography 光谱摄影学spectrophotography 光谱摄影学spectral discrimination 光谱识别spectrographic laboratory 光谱实验室spectroscopic test 光谱试验spectral character 光谱特性spectral characteristic 光谱特性spectral property 光谱特性spectrum projector 光谱投影仪spectrum transparency region 光谱透明区spectral transmittance 光谱透射比spectrogram 光谱图spectrum chart 光谱图spectroscopic displacement law 光谱位移律spectral line 光谱线spectrum line 光谱线spectral linewidth 光谱线宽度broadening of spectral line 光谱线增宽spectral response 光谱响应spectral responsivity 光谱响应度spectral response range 光谱响应范围spectral response curve 光谱响应曲线spectral response characteristic 光谱响应特性曲线spectral term 光谱项spectroscopic term 光谱项spectral extinction 光谱消色spectral information 光谱信息spectral type 光谱型spectral sequence 光谱序spectrography 光谱学spectroscopy 光谱学spectroscopist 光谱学家optical spectrometer 光谱仪spectrograph 光谱仪spectrometer 光谱仪spectrophotometer 光谱仪spectrofluorometer 光谱荧光计spectroscopic carrier 光谱载体spectral sensitization 光谱增感spectral index 光谱指数day neutral 光期钝感day-neutral plant 光期钝感植物lac varnish 光漆phosgene 光气photon drag detector 光牵探测器light preamplifier 光前置放大器light gun 光枪mode of optical cavity 光腔振荡模式intensity of light 光强light intensity 光强light intensity 光强度luminous intensity 光强度optical power 光强度luminous intensity measurement 光强度测量enhancement of light intensity differences 光强度差增强luminous intensity sensitivity 光强灵敏度intensity modulation 光强调制photoaffinity labeling 光亲和标记photosphere 光球photospheric eruption 光球爆发photospheric facula 光球层光斑。
光电传感器检测系统设计与制作
光电传感器检测系统设计与制作光电传感器检测系统（Optical Sensor Detection System）是一种采用光学技术进行物体检测、识别的技术手段，具有精度高、响应速度快、可靠性好等优点，广泛应用于机械、电子、自动化控制等领域。
本文将介绍一种基于光电传感器的物体检测系统的设计与制作，旨在为初学者提供一些设计思路和操作指南。
一、系统组成该物体检测系统主要由以下几部分组成：1. 光源：发射光信号，一般使用红外线、激光等光源。
2. 接收器：接收被检测物体反射回来的光信号，一般使用光电二极管等器件。
3. 处理电路：对接收到的信号进行放大、滤波、计算等处理，一般使用微处理器、模拟电路等器件。
4. 显示器：将处理后的信号输出，一般使用LED灯等显示器件。
二、系统设计步骤1. 确定检测目标及检测距离：根据实际需求，确定需要检测的物体种类及其距离范围。
该步骤将有助于后续光源和接收器的选择。
2. 选择光源：根据检测需求和检测距离选择合适的光源。
例如，检测距离在5米以内，选择红外线LED灯作为光源；检测距离超过5米，选择雷达等其他光源。
3. 选择接收器：根据光源和检测目标的特点选择合适的接收器。
例如，对于红外线LED光源，选择光电二极管作为接收器。
4. 设计处理电路：根据接收到的信号进行放大、滤波、计算等处理，一般使用微处理器、模拟电路等器件。
这一步骤需要根据实际应用需求进行详细设计，确保检测系统的稳定性和可靠性。
5. 设计显示器件：将处理后的信号输出，一般使用LED灯等显示器件。
该步骤需要将处理后的信号进行转换，输出到LED灯等显示器件上。
三、系统制作要点1. 光源和接收器的布放：将光源和接收器安装在一个平面上，并且保证光源和接收器之间的距离要适当。
同时要将光源和接收器的距离对称放置，以保证信号的稳定性。
2. 处理电路的设计：承担着光电传感器检测系统中的重要组成部分，如果处理电路出现问题，将会影响整个系统的工作状态。
我国光学前沿科技技术探索与发展现状及展望
我国光学前沿科技技术探索与发展现状及展望Introduction to Cutting-edge Optical Technology in ChinaChina has made significant advancements in the field of optical technology, positioning itself as a global leader in this area. This article aims to provide an overview of some of the cutting-edge optical technologies developed in China.1. Quantum Communication:Quantum communication is a secure method of transmitting information using quantum principles. China has made remarkable progress in this field, achieving record-breaking results in quantum key distribution and quantum teleportation experiments. The successful launch of the world's first quantum communication satellite, Micius, has further cemented China's position as a pioneer in quantum communication.2. Optical Computing:Optical computing utilizes light instead of electrical signals to process and transmit information. China has made significant strides in developing optical computing systems, which have thepotential to revolutionize the computing industry. Research institutions in China have successfully developed optical logic gates and optical interconnects, paving the way for faster and more efficient computing systems.3. Optical Imaging:Optical imaging plays a crucial role in medical diagnostics and scientific research. China has made significant advancements in this field, particularly in high-resolution imaging techniques such as optical coherence tomography (OCT) and multiphoton microscopy. These technologies provide detailed imaging of biological tissues at the cellular level, enabling early detection of diseases and deeper understanding of biological processes.4. Optical Sensors:Optical sensors are widely used for various applications, including environmental monitoring, industrial automation, and biomedical sensing. China has made notable progress in developing advanced optical sensor technologies. For instance, fiber optic sensors have been developed for real-time monitoring of temperature, pressure, and strain in harsh environments. These sensors offer high sensitivity, fast response, and immunity to electromagneticinterference.5. Photonic Integrated Circuits:Photonic integrated circuits (PICs) are essential components for optical communication systems. China has been actively working on the development of PICs, aiming to overcome the limitations of traditional electronic integrated circuits. By integrating multiple optical functions onto a single chip, PICs enable higher data transmission rates, lower power consumption, and improved system performance.Conclusion:China's advancements in cutting-edge optical technologies have not only contributed to scientific research but also have practical applications in various industries. With ongoing research and development, China is poised to continue pushing the boundaries of optical technology and making significant contributions to the global scientific community.中文回答：我国光学前沿科技的介绍我国在光学技术领域取得了重大突破，成为全球光学技术领域的领导者。
Cmos sensor工作原理知识
Prt Two
Cmos sensor基本 概念
定义和作用
Cmos sensor是一种半导体图像传感器用于捕捉图像信息 Cmos sensor的工作原理是利用光电效应将光信号转换为电信号 Cmos sensor广泛应用于数码相机、手机摄像头、安防监控等领域 Cmos sensor具有高灵敏度、低功耗、低成本等优点
温度和光照条件的影响
温度影响：温度 过高或过低都会 影响传感器的性 能可能导致图像 模糊或失真
光照条件影响： 光照过强或过弱 都会影响传感器 的性能可能导致 图像曝光过度或 曝光不足
温度和光照条件 的综合影响：温 度和光照条件共 同作用可能会导 致传感器的性能 不稳定影响图像 质量
解决方案：通过 调整传感器的工 作环境如安装散 热装置、调整光 照强度等可以改 善传感器的性能 提高图像质量。
信号转换：将预处理后的信号转换为数字 信号
信号传输：将数字信号传输到后端处理设 备
信号处理：在后端处理设备上进行图像处 理如色彩校正、锐化等
信号输出：将处理后的信号输出到显示设 备或存储设备
噪声来源和抑制方法
噪声来源：热噪声、散粒噪声、光子噪声等 抑制方法：采用低噪声放大器、增加信号带宽、采用数字信号处理技术等 信号处理：对信号进行滤波、放大、数字化等处理 读出方法：采用CMOS图像传感器、DC等设备进行信号读出
动态范围：Cmos传感器的动态范围是指其能够捕捉到的最亮和最暗之间的范围通常用dB来表 示。
影响因素：分辨率和动态范围都会受到传感器尺寸、像素大小、感光元件类型等因素的影响。
应用：分辨率和动态范围是Cmos传感器性能的两个重要指标对于图像处理、视频监控等领域 的应用具有重要意义。
速度和功耗
几种常见的转速传感器的工作原理
几种常见的转速传感器的工作原理转速传感器是用于测量物体转速的设备，常见的转速传感器有霍尔效应传感器、磁致伸缩传感器、光敏传感器和电流传感器等。
1. 霍尔效应传感器（Hall Effect Sensor）：霍尔效应是指当通过导体流动的电流受到垂直于电流方向的磁场的作用时，导体两侧会产生一种电势差。
霍尔传感器利用了这种效应来检测磁场的变化，从而测量转速。
传感器内部包含有一个霍尔元件和一个磁场发生器（通常是一个永磁体或一个电磁线圈）。
当被检测的物体上有一个磁场通过时，霍尔元件感受到电平的变化，从而测量转速。
2. 磁致伸缩传感器（Magnetic Inductive Sensor）：磁致伸缩传感器是利用磁致伸缩效应来测量转速的。
该传感器的工作原理是通过一个电磁线圈产生一个变化的磁场，当被检测的物体接近传感器时，物体的磁导率影响了电磁线圈的电压，从而测量转速。
3. 光敏传感器（Optical Sensor）：光敏传感器利用光信号来测量转速。
通常，光敏传感器含有一个光源和一个光敏元件。
光源发出一个光束，当被检测的物体经过传感器时，物体遮挡了光源，光敏元件接收到的光信号发生变化，从而测量转速。
4. 电流传感器（Current Sensor）：电流传感器能够通过测量物体通过的电流来测量转速。
通常，电流传感器内部含有一个电流变压器或者霍尔元件。
当电流通过传感器时，它会引起感应电压或电流的变化，从而测量转速。
这些转速传感器的工作原理各有特点，而选择合适的转速传感器要根据实际应用的要求。
无论是工业自动化领域还是汽车制造领域，转速传感器的准确可靠的测量对于保证设备和系统的正常运行都具有重要意义。
光学专业常用英语词汇
光学专业常用英语词汇photoelectric liquid-level indicator 光电液位指示器photoelectric encoder 光电译码器photocathode 光电阴极photoelectric cathode photoelectric cell 光电阴极光电管photoelectric fluorometer 光电荧光计optical-electronic mail address recognizer 光电邮件地址识别机photoelectric threshold 光电阈photoelectric cell 光电元件photoelement 光电元件photounit 光电元件photoelectric reader 光电阅读器photoreader 光电阅读器photoelectric chopper 光电斩波器photoelectric lighting control 光电照明控制electro-optical rectifier 光电整流器photoelectric direct reading spectrometer 光电直读光谱计photoelectric guidance 光电制导photoelectric transit instrument 光电中星仪photoelectric clock 光电钟photoelectric translating system 光电转换系统photoelectric conversion efficiency 光电转换效率photoelectrical refrigeration 光－电转换制冷photoelectric tachometer 光电转速计photoelectronics 光电装置photoelectric turbidimeter 光电浊度计photonephelometer 光电浊度计photoelectron 光电子photoelectric yield 光电子产额optical electronic reproducer 光电子唱头optoelectronic memory 光电子存储optoelectronic storage 光电子存储optoelectronic storage 光电子存储器photoelectronic 光电子的photoelectric emission 光电子发射photoelectron emission spectroscopy 光电子发射能谱学optoelectronic amplifier 光电子放大器photoelectron spectroscopy 光电子光谱学photoelectron counting 光电子计数angular distribution of photoelectron 光电子角度分布optoelectronic switch 光电子开关energy distribution of photoelectron 光电子能量分布photoelectron spectroscopy 光电子能谱学photoelectron spectroscopy 光电子谱法optoelectronic modulator 光电子调制器photoelectron statistics 光电子统计学photoelectron image 光电子图像photoelectronic phenomena 光电子现象optical electronics 光电子学optoelectronics 光电子学photoelectronics 光电子学optoelectronic 光电子学的optoelectronic shutter 光电子学光闸electrooptical character recognition 光电字符识别 light resistance 光电阻optical superposing 光叠加photodynamic inactivation 光动力钝化作用photodynamic substance 光动力物质photodynamics 光动力学photodynamic action 光动力作用photokinesis 光动态photokinesis 光动性photodinesis 光动状态photosensing marker 光读出标记luminosity 光度photometric scale 光度标photometric standard 光度标准photometric parameter 光度参数 photometric measurement 光度测量photometry 光度测量method of photometric interpolation 光度插入法photometric unit 光度单位photometric titration 光度滴定photometric titration 光度滴定法photometry 光度法light-distribution photometer 光度分布计photometric pyrometer 光度高温计photometric orbit 光度轨道- 食双星luminosity function 光度函数photometric integrator 光度积分器photometric integrating sphere 光度积分球photometric primary standard 光度基准器luminosity class 光度级optimeter 光度计photometer 光度计photometric computer 光度计算机photometric calibration 光度校准photometric distance 光度距离photometric aperture 光度孔径photometric paradox 光度矛盾luminosity curve 光度曲线photometric parallax 光度视差photometric binary 光度双星 - 即食双星photometric bench 光度台overluminous star 光度特大恒星photometric system 光度系统luminosity rate 光度效率luminosity class 光度型photometry 光度学luminosity evolution 光度演化luminosity paradox 光度佯谬photometric paradox 光度佯谬telephotometry 光度遥测法telephotometry 光度遥测术photometric diameter 光度直径photodimerization 光二聚photodimerization 光二聚作用luminous emittance 光发射度light emitting diode 光发射二极管photoemissivity 光发射能力optical emission spectrography 光发射摄谱学photocell 光发射元件optical transmitter 光发送机light valve 光阀 photovalve 光阀light valve display 光阀显示light valve array 光阀阵列photon sail 光帆light reflex 光反射luminous reflectance 光反射比light reaction 光反应photoreaction 光反应photoreactive chlorophyll 光反应性叶绿素light amplifier 光放大器optical amplifier 光放大器photolysis 光分解photovoltaic device 光伏器件photovoltaic sensor 光伏式传感器photovoltaic transducer 光伏式传感器photovoltaic detector 光伏探测器photovoltaic effect 光伏效应solar photovoltaic energy system 光伏型太阳能源系统optical character recognition 光符号识别optical character recognition 光符识别optical character recognition application 光学字符识别应用optical character recognition device 光符识别装置light radiation 光辐射optical radiation 光辐射optical radiation standard 光辐射标准器photoreactivation 光复活photoreactivating enzyme 光复活酶photoreactivating deficient mutant 光复活缺陷突变型photoreactivation repair 光复活修复photoreactivation 光复活作用optical interferometry 光干涉量度学polished rod 光杆stroke of polished rod 光杆冲程polished rod horsepower 光杆功率position of polished rod 光杆位置light sensation 光感sensillum opticum 光感器photoreception 光感受photoreceptor 光感受器photoreception 光感受作用optical lever 光杠杆opto-isolator 光隔离器photoisolator 光隔离器optical tracking satellite 光跟踪卫星optical tracker system 光跟踪系统optical tracking system 光跟踪系统mechanical equivalent of light 光功当量optical soliton 光孤子photo-curing 光固化light-cured composite 光固化复合树脂photocurable polyimide 光固化聚酰亚胺light-cured resin 光固化树脂photocureable coating 光固化涂料light curring unit 光固化装置X-ray tube Ｘ光管 bare pipe 光管light pipe 光管light-pipe optics 光管光学optical track 光盘轨optical track pitch 光轨间距light-compass reaction 光晷反应smooth roll 光辊photosensitivity 光过敏photosensitization 光过敏bare electrode 光焊条photosynthetic ratio 光合比photosynthetic number 光合比值photosynthate 光合产物photosynthetic product 光合产物photosynthetic unit 光合单位photosynthetic 光合的photosynthetic electron transport 光合电子传递photosynthetic activity 光合活性photophosphorylation 光合磷酸化photophosphorylase 光合磷酸化酶optical combiner 光合路器photosynthetic intensity 光合强度photosynthetic pigment 光合色素photosynthetic quotient 光合商photosynthetic carbon metabolism 光合碳代谢Calvin cycle 光合碳还原环photosynthetic carbon reduction cycle 光合碳还原环photosystem 光合体系photosynthetic bacteria 光合细菌photosynthetic efficiency 光合效率photoheterotroph 光合异养生物photosynthetic active radiation 光合有效辐射photosynthetically active radiation 光合有效辐射photoautotrophic 光合自养的photosynthetic tissue 光合组织photosynthesis 光合作用epipelagic 光合作用带的photosynthesis science 光合作用科学photosynthesis physiology 光合作用生理学photosynthetic bacteria 光合作用细菌photonuclear reaction 光核反应Prunus mira Koehne. 光核桃smooth pit peach 光核桃photonucleon 光核子optically thick medium 光厚介质- 光深τ＞１的介质photorespiration 光呼吸photorespiration 光呼吸作用smooth approximation 光滑逼近smooth boundary 光滑边界glare ice 光滑冰smooth invariant measure 光滑不变测度smooth measure 光滑测度smooth hypersurface 光滑超曲面slickens 光滑冲积层glassy 光滑的glossy 光滑的laevigate 光滑的laevigatus 光滑的laevis 光滑的levigate 光滑的sleek 光滑的smooth point 光滑点smooth two-dimensional manifold 光滑二维流形smoothing equation 光滑方程smooth function 光滑函数smoothing function 光滑函数smooth kernel 光滑核smoothing problem 光滑化问题slick joint 光滑接头smooth structure 光滑结构smoothing solution 光滑解smooth colony 光滑型菌落smooth manifold 光滑流形smooth plane curve 光滑平面曲线smooth surface 光滑曲面smooth curve 光滑曲线smoothing operator 光滑算子smooth broach 光滑髓针smooth core rotor 光滑铁心转子smooth type 光滑型smooth sequence 光滑序列smooth map 光滑映射smooth mapping 光滑映射actinic glass 光化玻璃Einstein's law of photochemicalequivalence 光化当量的爱因斯坦定律actinic 光化的actinoelectricity 光化电photoionization 光化电离actinicity 光化度actinism 光化度photochemical reaction 光化反应actinic radiation 光化辐射actinic focus 光化焦点actinic green 光化绿actinic green glass 光化绿玻璃actinic rays 光化射线actinicity 光化性actinic chemistry 光化学actinochemistry 光化学actinology 光化学photochemistry 光化学chemosphere 光化学层photochemical rearrangement 光化学重排first law of photochemistry 光化学第一定律photochemical cell 光化学电池photochemical kinetics 光化学动力学photochemical reaction 光化学反应reaction kinetics of photochemistry 光化学反应动力学photochemical process 光化学过程photochemically reactive hydrocarbons 光化学活性碳氢化合物photochemical processing 光化学加工photochemical crosslinking 光化学交联photochemotherapy 光化学疗法photochemical equilibrium 光化学平衡photo chemical vapor deposition 光化学气相沉积Photo-CVD 光化学气相沉积photochemical stability 光化学稳定性photochemical pollutant 光化学污染物photochemical fog 光化学雾photochemical smog 光化学烟雾photochemical smog kinetics 光化学烟雾动力学photochemical oxidant 光化学氧化剂photochemical transformation 光化学转化photochemical smog 光化烟雾photochemical induction 光化学诱导actinism 光化作用photoreduction 光还原ring of light 光环sight reticle camera 光环摄影机halo effect 光环效应photopsy 光幻觉lumiflavin 光黄素light fog 光灰雾mithramycin 光辉霉素photoactivation 光活化photoactive reaction 光活化反应optical active matter 光活性剂optical active polymer 光活性聚合物X-ray machine Ｘ光机opto-mechanical scanner 光机扫描器optical-mechanical scanner 光机扫描仪optical-mechanical system 光机系统light distortion 光畸变photothyristor 光激半导体闸流管photostimulated ionization 光激电离optically active material 光激活材料light-activated switch 光激开关light-activated silicon controlled switch 光激可控硅开关light-activated silicon controlled rectifier 光激可控硅整流器photo-SCR 光激可控硅整流器photoexcitation 光激励phototonus 光激性photoluminescence 光激荧光现象photokinesis 光激运动post-maximum spectrum 光极大后光谱optical integrated circuit 光集成电路optical computer 光计算机optical recording 光记录optical recording media 光记录媒体optical relay 光继电器Aglaspida 光甲目Anoplophora glabripennis 光肩星天牛optical detector 光检测器photodetector 光检测器light degradation 光降解photodegradation 光降解photodegradable polymer 光降解聚合物light step 光阶optical receiver 光接收器bareface fabric 光洁不起绒织物bright quenching 光洁淬火clean hardening 光洁淬火finish 光洁度smooth finish 光洁度smoothness 光洁度roughness meter 光洁度计clean thread 光洁螺纹clean-cut timber 光洁木材photodecomposition 光解photolysis 光解作用protolysis 光解反应叶绿素photodissociation 光解离photolytic silver 光解银photomeson 光介子photopion nuclear physics 光π介子核物理学optotransistor 光晶体管optical path 光径radius-luminosity relation 光径关系light microscope 光镜optical moment 光矩optical system 光具组optical bench 光具座bench photometer 光具座式光度计photo polymerization 光致聚合photopolymer 光聚合物photopolymerization 光聚作用optical switch 光开关photoengraving 光刻photoetching 光刻photolithography 光刻photoetching material 光刻材料photoetching 光刻法photolithographic process 光刻工艺photolithography technique 光刻工艺mask aligner 光刻机photolithography limitation 光刻极限photoetch integrated circuit 光刻集成电路photoetching technique 光刻技术photoresist 光刻胶photolithographic diffusion window 光刻扩散窗口photoetch pattern 光刻图案photolithographic mask layer 光刻掩蔽层photolithographic masking operation 光刻掩蔽工序phototched mask 光刻掩摸 light writer 光刻字机aperture color 光孔色photophobia 光恐怖Raysistor 光控变阻器photoelectroluminescence 光控电致发光optically controlled gyro compass 光控回转罗盘photorelay 光控继电器photo-thyristor 光控晶闸管light-operated switch 光控开关photoswitch 光控开关photoimpact 光控脉冲light-dependent control element 光控元件optical control 光控制diaphragm 光阑diaphragm setting 光阑定位diaphragm aperture 光阑孔径diaphragm servomotor 光阑驱动伺服电动机diaphragm lens 光阑透镜optical cable 光缆optical fiber cable 光缆optical fibre cable 光缆optical cable distribution system 光缆分配系统optical cable splice 光缆接头optical cable connector 光缆连接器optical cable connector adapter 光缆连接器转接座optical cable driver 光缆驱动器optical cable communication 光缆通信optical cable assembly 光缆组件light aging 光老化lidar 激光雷达optical radar 光雷达photoionization 光离子化photoionization detector 光离子化检测器photomechanics 光测力学optomechanics 光力学granulation 光粒组织optical connector 光连接器optical link 光链路glitter 光亮clean annealing 光亮退火bright quenching oil 光亮淬火油nitid 光亮的nitidum 光亮的bright plating 光亮电镀bright current density range 光亮电流密度范围luminance 光亮度luminance brightness 光亮度bright plating 光亮镀gilding brass 光亮黄铜brightener 光亮剂brightening agent 光亮剂bright pickling 光亮浸蚀bright drawing 光亮拉丝bright coal 光亮煤bright heat treatment 光亮热处理bright heat treatment wire 光亮热处理钢丝bright adaptation 光亮适应luminous quantities 光亮数量bright annealing 光亮退火light annealing 光亮退火bright annealing furnace 光亮退火炉bright stock 光亮油料Lampridiformes 光亮鱼目magnitude of light 光量quantity of light 光量actinography 光量测定法photometry 光量法light control 光量控制light control tape 光量控制带light control characteristic 光量控制特性light quantum 光量子photon 光量子optical quantum counter tube 光量子计数管quantum theory of light 光量子论phototherapy 光疗light therapy 光疗法photophosphorylation 光合磷酸化作用optical homodyne detection 光零差探测light stream 光流photohalogenation 光卤化carnallite 光卤石photographic recording 光录声optical path 光路optical path length 光路长度reversibility riv:sbiliti of optical path 光路可逆性optical filter 光滤波器smooth millboard 光面纸板smooth-surfaced roofing 光面屋面halo blight 光轮疫病halonate 光轮状light-compass orientation 光罗盘定向blank bolt 光螺栓pulsed light 光脉冲optical pulse generator 光脉冲发生器amplification of light pulse 光脉冲放大photo-impulses counting 光脉冲计数optical pulse counter 光脉冲计数器optical pulse counting 光脉冲记数compression of light pulse 光脉冲压缩compression technique of light pulse 光脉冲压缩技术photogermination 光萌发optical density 光密度light densitometer 光密度计optically denser medium 光密介质streamer 光幂 grain side 光面bright steel wire 光面钢丝refacer 光面机plain arch 光面拱skidding tire 光面轮胎smooth tread tyre 光面轮胎smooth endoplasmic reticulum 光面内质网smooth surfaced endoplasmic reticulum 光面内质网Leiotriletes 光面三缝孢属glossy paper 光面相纸glossy print 光面照片glassy millboard 光面纸板plane ashlar 光面琢石light sensing 光敏photovaristor 光敏变阻器photosensitive glass 光敏玻璃phototropic glass fiber 光敏玻璃纤维photoconductive film 光敏薄膜photosensitizer 光敏材料light sensitive layer 光敏层photodarlington 光敏达林顿放大器light sensitive 光敏的photosensitive 光敏的light sensitive cell 光敏电池photo-potentiometer 光敏电位器photovaristor 光敏电阻photoresistor 光敏电阻light sensitive resistance ceramics 光敏电阻瓷photoresistor ceramics 光敏电阻瓷light sensitive resistor 光敏电阻器ligt resistor 光敏电阻器photo-resistor 光敏电阻器light sensitive diode 光敏二极管photosensitive diode 光敏二极管optical sensor 光敏感器photo-sensor 光敏感器photosensitivity 光敏感性light sensor 光敏感元件photosensor 光敏感元件photosensitivity disorder 光敏感障碍light sensitive seed 光敏感种子light-sensitive tube 光敏管photosensitive tube 光敏管photosensitization 光敏化photosensitizer 光敏剂light sensitive relay 光敏继电器photosensitive relay 光敏继电器photosensitive detector 光敏检波器photosensitive adhesive 光敏胶粘剂actinodielectric 光敏介电的optical transistor 光敏晶体管phototransistor 光敏晶体管phototransistor circuit 光敏晶体管电路phototransistor matrix 光敏晶体管阵列phototransistor 光敏晶体三极管photopolymer 光敏聚合物photosensitive polymer 光敏聚合物light activated switch 光敏开关light-activated silicon switch 光敏可控硅整流器photosensing device 光敏器件photosensor 光敏器件phototransistor 光敏三极管phototriode 光敏三极管phytochrome 光敏色素light-sensitive detector 光敏探测器photaceram 光敏微晶玻璃photosensitive glass-ceramics 光敏微晶玻璃photo document sensor 光敏文件感受器photoinitiator 光敏引发剂light-sensitive cell 光敏元件photosensitive element 光敏元件photosensor 光敏元件photo-thyristor 光敏闸流管photosensitization 光敏作用Guangming 光明lucensomycin 光明霉素optical mode 光模optical analog memory 光模拟存储器optical pattern recognition 光模式识别luminous energy 光能actionoscope 光能测定器actinometry 光能测定学actinometer 光能测定仪photosynthesis 光能合成photoenergetics 光能力学phototroph 光能利用菌efficiency for solar energy utilization 光能利用率phototrophic bacteria 光能利用细菌actinometry 光能强度测定actinogram 光能曲线图photolithotrophy 光能无机营养photolithotrophic bacteria 光能无机营养菌photoheterotrophic bacteria 光能异养菌photoheterotroph 光能异养生物photoorganotrophy 光能有机营养photoorganotrophic bacteria 光能有机营养菌photoautotrophy 光能自养photoautotrophic bacteria 光能自养菌photo-autotroph 光能自养生物light year 光年lyear 光年photo viscoelasticity 光粘弹性photocoagulator 光凝固器photocoagulator 光凝结器light button 光钮optical coupling 光耦合light-coupled semiconductor switch 光耦合半导体开关optically coupled isolator 光耦合隔离器optical coupler 光耦合器optocoupler 光耦合器photocoupler 光耦合器light beating spectroscopy 光拍光谱学optical disc 光盘optical disk 光盘optical disc drive 光盘驱动器optical disc servo control system 光盘伺服控制系统wedge 光劈optical biasing 光偏置light deflection 光偏转optical deflector 光偏转器optodeflector 光偏转器photobleaching 光漂白clean bill 光票clean payment credit 光票付款信用证clean payment letter of credit 光票付款信用证clean remittance 光票汇款clean rate 光票利率clean collection 光票托收collection on clean bill 光票托收clean credit 光票信用证clean letter of credit 光票信用证optical frequency 光频optical frequency standard 光频标optical isolator 光频隔离器optical frequency division multiplexing 光频频分复用optical phonon 光频声子optical double magnetic resonance 光频双磁共振optical branch 光频支optical screen 光屏photomask agent 光屏蔽剂optical screen reader 光屏读数器light spectrum 光谱optical spectrum 光谱即时频谱分析仪Real Time Spectrum Analyzerspectrum 光谱semiquantitative spectrometric analysis 光谱半定量分析spectral background 光谱背景spectrocomparator 光谱比较仪spectrum variable 光谱变星spectral standard solar cell 光谱标准太阳电池spectrometry 光谱测定法spectral measurement 光谱测量spectrophone 光谱测声器spectral component 光谱成分spectral pure 光谱纯spectroscopically pure 光谱纯spectroscopically pure graphite 光谱纯石墨spectral bandwidth 光谱带宽spectral 光谱的spectroscopic lamp 光谱灯spectroelectrochemistry 光谱电化学quantitative spectrochemical analysis 光谱定量分析quantitative spectrometric analysis 光谱定量分析qualitative spectrometric analysis 光谱定性分析spectral luminous efficiency 光谱发光效率spectral emissivity 光谱发射率spectral reflectance 光谱反射spectral reflectance 光谱反射比spectral range 光谱范围spectral directional reflectance factor 光谱方向反射因子spectrum emission 光谱放射率spectral resolution 光谱分辨率spectral distribution 光谱分布spectral distribution curve 光谱分布曲线spectral distribution graph 光谱分布图spectrum order sorter 光谱分级器spectral classification 光谱分类spectral analysis 光谱分析spectrographic analysis 光谱分析spectrum analysis 光谱分析spectrum analyser 光谱分析器physics of spectroscopic analysis 光谱分析物理学error in spectrochemical analysis 光谱分析误差spectral peak 光谱峰bandwidth of emission spectrum 光谱辐射带宽spectral radiometry 光谱辐射度量学spectrum radiator 光谱辐射计spectral radiance factor 光谱辐射亮度因子spectral radiance 光谱辐射率spectral radiant energy 光谱辐射能spectral radiance energy 光谱辐射能量spectral radiant flux 光谱辐射通量spectral radiant gain 光谱辐射增益spectral radiant illuminance standard lamp 光谱辐射照度标准灯spectral irradiance 光谱辐照度spectral irradiance distribution 光谱辐照度分布spectral interference 光谱干扰spectral photographic plate 光谱感光板spectral sensitivity 光谱感光度spectral pyrometer 光谱高温计spectrophotometric colorimetry 光谱光度测色法spectral-luminosity classification 光谱－光度分类法spectrum-luminosity diagram 光谱光度图 - 即赫罗图spectral photometry 光谱光度学spectral luminous efficiency 光谱光视效率spectral luminous efficiency curve 光谱光视效率曲线spectral luminous efficacy 光谱光视效能spectroscopic optics 光谱光学spectral locus 光谱轨迹spectrum locus 光谱轨迹spectrochemistry 光谱化学qualitative spectrochemical analysis 光谱化学定性分析spectrochemical analysis 光谱化学分析spectrochemical series 光谱化学系列spectral buffer 光谱缓冲剂spectroscopic buffer 光谱缓冲剂excitation of spectra 光谱激发order of spectrum 光谱级spectrograde 光谱级spectroscopic technology 光谱技术spectrum technology 光谱技术spectral discrimination 光谱鉴别spectral discriminator 光谱鉴别器spectral mirror 光谱镜spectral centroid 光谱矩心spectral width 光谱宽度spectroscopic prism 光谱棱镜quantum theory of spectra 光谱量子理论spectral sensitivity 光谱灵敏度spectrum sensitivity 光谱灵敏度spectral sensitivity characteristic 光谱灵敏度特性曲线spectral filtering 光谱滤波spectral density 光谱密度spectrum-density diagram 光谱－密度图spectral sensitivity 光谱敏感性spectral energy distribution 光谱能量分布spectral power distribution 光谱能量分布spectral mach 光谱配色spectrum matching 光谱匹配spectro-polarimeter 光谱偏光计spectral shift 光谱偏移spectral intensity 光谱强度spectral region 光谱区spectral tristimulus values 光谱三色刺激值spectral tristimulus values 光谱三色激励值spectral color 光谱色spectrum color 光谱色spectrocolorimeter 光谱色度计spectrocolorimetry 光谱色度学spectral chromaticity coordinates 光谱色度坐标spectroscopic entropy 光谱熵spectral photography 光谱摄影学spectrophotography 光谱摄影学spectral discrimination 光谱识别spectrographic laboratory 光谱实验室spectroscopic test 光谱试验spectral character 光谱特性spectral characteristic 光谱特性spectral property 光谱特性spectrum projector 光谱投影仪spectrum transparency region 光谱透明区spectral transmittance 光谱透射比spectrogram 光谱图spectrum chart 光谱图spectroscopic displacement law 光谱位移律spectral line 光谱线 spectrum line 光谱线spectral linewidth 光谱线宽度broadening of spectral line 光谱线增宽spectral response 光谱响应spectral responsivity 光谱响应度spectral response range 光谱响应范围spectral response curve 光谱响应曲线spectral response characteristic 光谱响应特性曲线spectral term 光谱项spectroscopic term 光谱项spectral extinction 光谱消色spectral information 光谱信息spectral type 光谱型spectral sequence 光谱序spectrography 光谱学spectroscopy 光谱学spectroscopist 光谱学家optical spectrometer 光谱仪spectrograph 光谱仪spectrometer 光谱仪spectrophotometer 光谱仪spectrofluorometer 光谱荧光计spectroscopic carrier 光谱载体spectral sensitization 光谱增感spectral index 光谱指数day neutral 光期钝感day-neutral plant 光期钝感植物lac varnish 光漆phosgene 光气photon drag detector 光牵探测器light preamplifier 光前置放大器light gun 光枪mode of optical cavity 光腔振荡模式intensity of light 光强light intensity 光强light intensity 光强度luminous intensity 光强度optical power 光强度luminous intensity measurement 光强度测量enhancement of light intensity differences 光强度差增强luminous intensity sensitivity 光强灵敏度intensity modulation 光强调制photoaffinity labeling 光亲和标记photosphere 光球photospheric eruption 光球爆发photospheric facula 光球层光斑。
sensor(光电)
PCB INNOVATION
光 学 效 果
•光 起电力效果
光入射 发生起电力的现象 (Photo Diode,TR)
•光 电磁释放效果
光入射 释放电磁的现象 (光电管,光电子增幅管) Equipment Engineering Team
Optical Sensor
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根据结构分类
概要和特征 增 幅 器 分 离 型
通过用传感器头将投.受光元件分离，可以节省 检测部位的设置空间，灵敏度调整也可以在其 他空间中进行 Equipment Engineering Team
Optical Sensor
PCB INNOVATION
一句结构分类
电离子传感器
湿度传感器
电气量传感器
物理传感器 距离传感器 放射线传感器 光学传感器 压力传感器 温度传感器 微生物传感器 酶传感器
生物传感器
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区域传感器
Equipment Engineering Team
Concept
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传感器的定义
所有的信息及能源的检测装置
检测对象
物理手段 化学手段 生物学手段
以电子信号发出 输出信息
所有信息
输入
Equipment Engineering Team
输出信号
Concept
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传感器的分类
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概要和特征
有关电器电子的英语词汇
有关电器电子的英语词汇我们有关的电器电子英语词汇，大家知道有哪些吗?如果不知道的同学可以看小编总结的额，下面是小编给大家带来的有关电器电子的英语词汇，欢迎大家阅读参考，我们一起来看看吧!有关电器电子的英语词汇o type backward wave tube o 型返波管o type tube o 型超高频电子管oat 氧化物对准晶体管工艺object distance 目标距离object identification 目标识别objective 物镜objective turret 镜头转轮oblique anode 倾斜阳极oblique deposition 倾斜淀积oblique evaporation 斜射蒸镀observability 可观测性occlusion 吸气酌occupancy 占有occupation density 占有密度occupid state 填充状态octode 八极管ocular lens 目镜odd harmonic 奇次谐波ode 定向腐蚀剂oeic 光电子集成电路oerstedmeter 奥斯特计off chip amplifier 片外放大器off chip connection 芯片外连接off chip resistor 片外电阻off condition 截止状态off contact 触点断开off hook 摘机off hook circuit 闭合电路off line control 脱机控制off line mode 脱机方式off line storage 脱机存储器off load voltage 开路电压off position 开始状态off resistance 关态电阻off state 断开状态off the shelf integrated circuit 现用集成电路off time 关机时间off transistor 截止晶体管office busy hour 电话局忙时office call 局内呼叫office communication 局内通信offset 偏置;偏置offset carrier 偏离载波offset gate fet 补偿栅场效应晶体管offset subcarrier system 副载波偏置系统og 或门ohm 欧ohmammeter 欧安表ohmic bridge 电阻电桥ohmic contact 欧姆接触ohmic junction 欧姆接合ohmic losses 欧姆损耗ohmic metallization 欧姆接触金属化ohmic resistance 欧姆电阻ohmic short 欧姆短路ohmmeter 欧姆计oic 光集成电路oil backstreaming 油汽返流oil diffusion pump 油扩散泵oil film 油膜oil free pumping 无油排气olb 外引线焊接olfactronics 嗅觉电子学omegatron 奥米伽器回旋质谱计omni aerial 全向辐射天线omnibearing distance facility 全方位测距设备omnibearing indicator 方位自动指示器omnidirectional aerial 全向辐射天线omnidirectional antenna 全向天线omnidirectional microphone 全方向传声器omnidirectional radiation 全向辐射omnidirectional range 全向无线电信标omnidirective antenna 全向辐射天线omnigraph 发送电报码的自动拍发器on chip amplifier 片内放大器on chip components 片内元件on chip integration 片内集成化on chip interconnection 片内互连on chip redundancy 片内冗余on chip resistor 片内电阻on chip trimming 片内校正on condition 接通条件on hook 柱机on line mode 联机方式on line process control 联机处理控制on off control 开关控制on position 闭合位置on resistance 导通电阻on state 导通状态on time 接通时间on transistor 通导晶体管on wafer chip test 薄片内芯片检测one board microcomputer 单板微计算机one chip amplifier 单片放大器one chip integrated circuit 单片集成电路one chip microprocessor 单片微处理机one chipper 单片微处理机one device cell 单晶体管单元one layer metallization 单层金属化one level metallization 单层金属化one output 1输出one pass gain 单级增益one shot multivibrator 冲息多谐振荡器one signal 1信号one state 1状态one step diffusion 单步扩散one step reduction 单步缩小one t cell 单晶体管单元one to one projection system 一比一投影曝光装置one to one wafer imaging 一比一薄片成像one to zero ratio 一与零比one transistor memory 单晶体管单元存储器one way rectifier 半波整流onset of arcing 电弧发生opacity 不透萌opaque defect 透帽陷opaque layer 不透勉opaque liquid 不透煤体opaque mirror 不透玫opaque photocathode 不透免电阴极opaque plasma 不透萌离子体opaque region 不透螟opaque spot 不透眠点open 开路open antenna 室外天线open circuit voltage 开路电压open emitter 开路发射极open resonator 开端式共振腔open tube deposition 开管淀积open tube diffusion 开管扩散open tube diffusion system 开管扩散装置open tube dry oxidation 开管干氧化open tube poly 开管法制造的多晶硅open tube steam oxidation 开管水蒸气氧化open tube system 开管扩散系统opening 开口operating characteristic 工棕性operating frequency 工椎率operating mode 工捉式operating point 工足operating position 闭合位置operating range 操锥围operating range limit 极限酌范围operating speed 工踪度operating temperature range 工茁度范围operating voltage 工诅压operating wavelength 工专长operation 运算operation life 工踪命operation position 操专operational amplifier 运算放大器operational mode 工捉式operational reliability 工咨靠性operator 话务员operator's telephone set 话务员用送受话器opposing connection 对绕opposite polarity 相反极性opposite spin orientation 自旋相反取向optical absorption 光学吸收optical aligner 光学对准器optical alignment 光学对准optical altimeter 光学高度计optical amplifier 光放大器optical cable 光缆optical calculating machine 光计算机optical checking 光学检验optical communication 光通信optical communication receiver 光通信接收机optical computer 光计算机optical computing system 光计算系统optical coupler 光耦合器optical coupling 光耦合optical crosstalk 串光optical damage 光学损伤optical deflector 光偏转器optical depth 光学深度optical detection 光学探测optical distance 光程optical echo 光回波optical erasure 光学消除optical excitation 光激励optical exposure 光学曝光optical fiber 光导纤维optical fiber brancher 光学纤维分流optical fiber connection method 光学纤维连接法optical fiber furcation 光学纤维分歧optical fiber imperfection 光学纤维不完全性optical fiber transmission 光学纤维传输optical finish 抛光optical heterodyne receiver 光外差接收机optical heterodyning 光外差酌optical heterogenity 光学不均匀性optical hologram 光学全息图optical homodyne receiver 光学零差接收机optical homodyning 光零差检波optical identification 光学识别optical image repeater 光学步进重复照相机optical imaging 光学成象optical information processing 光学信息处理optical inhomogeneity 光学不均匀性optical integrated circuit 光集成电路optical integrated circuit fabrication 光集成电路制造optical isolator 光频隔离器optical length 光学长度optical lithographic resolution 光蚀刻清晰度optical lithogrpahy 光蚀刻optical location 光学测位optical logic 光学逻辑电路optical mask 光掩模optical mask stepper 光学步进重复照相机optical masking 光掩蔽optical measurement 光学测量optical memory 光存储器optical modulator 光灯器optical noise immunity 光抗扰度optical noise origin 光学噪声源optical overlay method 光学叠加法optical path difference 光程差optical path length 光程长度optical pattern 光学图像optical pattern generator 光学图像发生器optical pattern transfer 光学图样转移optical patterning 光刻成像optical printer 光学晒片机optical printing 光蚀刻optical processor 光处理机optical projection lithography 光学投影蚀刻optical projection master 光学投影原版optical pumping 光泵激optical radar 光雷达optical range 直视距离optical ranger 光学测距仪optical read only storage 光学只读存储器optical reader 光扫描器optical receiver 光接收器optical reciprocity 光可逆性optical recognition 光识别optical recording 光记录optical recording density 光记录密度optical recording head 光记录头optical resist 光刻胶optical resonator cavity 光空腔谐振器optical scanner 光扫描器optical simulation 光学模拟optical solid circuit 光集成电路optical spectroscopy 光谱学optical step and repeat camera 光学步进重复照相机optical stepper lithography 步进式曝光蚀刻optical superheterodyne receiver 光学超外差接收器optical superheterodyning 光学超外差酌optical switch 光开关optical tachometer 光学转速计optical tracking instrument 光跟踪仪器optical transmission 光传输optical transparency 光透萌optical trigger 光电触发器optical visibility 光学可见度optical wafer stepper 步进式晶片曝光机optical wafer stepping 步进式晶片曝光optical waveguide 光波导管optical waveguide coupler 光波导管耦合器optical waveguide loss 光波导管损耗optically aimed weapon 光学制导武器optically coupled cavities 光学耦合谐振器optically flat wafer 光学平面薄片optically homogeneous layer 光学均匀层optimal receiver 最佳接收机optimal solar battery 最佳太阳电池optimizing 最佳化optimum bunching 最隹聚束optimum packing 最隹聚束optimum scale integration 最佳规模集成optimum working frequency 最佳工椎率optimun focusing 最佳聚焦option design 选择设计opto chip 光电子芯片optoacoustic microscope 光声学显微镜optocoupler 光耦合器optocoupler semiconductor device 光耦合半导体掐optoelectronic device 光电子掐optoelectronic integrated circuit 光电子集成电路optoelectronic isolator 光电隔离器optoelectronic semiconductor 光电子半导体optoelectronic sensor 光电子传感器optoelectronic switch 光电子开关optoelectronic transistor 光电子晶体管optoelectronics 光电子学optoisolator 光隔离器optophon 臭波多风optotransistor 光晶体管optron 光导发光元件optronics 光电子学or circuit 或电路or gate 或门orbit 轨道orbital electron 轨道电子orbital repeater 轨道中继站orbital stability 轨道稳定性order wire 传号线ordered arrangement 有序排列ordinary beam 普通射线ordinary call 普通呼叫ordinary ray 普通射线ordinary wave 寻常波organic based resist 有机基质光刻胶organic binder 有机粘结剂organic dye laser 有机染料激光器organic electronic element 有机电子元件organic fill 有机填料organic liguid laser 有机染料激光器organic liquid 有机液体organic resist stripper 有机抗蚀剂去除装置organic semiconductor 有机半导体organization 组织organometallic compound 有机金属化合物organosilicon material 有机硅材料orientation 晶向orientation dependent etch 定向腐蚀剂oriented crystallization 取向结晶酌oriented growth 取向生长oriented nucleation 定向成核original artwork 掩模原图oros 光学只读存储器orthicon 正析像管orthogonal scanning 正交扫描oscillating klystron 振荡速弟oscillation excitation 振荡激励oscillation linewidth 振荡线宽oscillation mode 振荡模oscillation period 振荡周期oscillation synchronization 振荡同步oscillations 振动oscillator 振荡器oscillator circuit 振荡歧路oscillator frequency 振荡频率oscillator klystron 振荡速弟oscillator triode 振荡讫极管oscillator tube 振荡管oscillator valve 振荡管oscillatory circuit 振荡电路oscillatory scanning 摆动扫描oscillatory stability 振荡稳定性oscillogram 示波图oscillograph 示波器oscillograph tube 示波管oscillograph with electronic commutator 电子转换式示波器oscillographic impedancemeter 示波阻抗计oscillographic measurement 示波测量oscilloscope 示波器osi 最佳规模集成out of contact exposure 无接触曝光out of contact imaging 无接触成象out of contact printing 无接触投影曝光out of tolerance wafer 超出公差薄片outdiffusion 向外扩散outdoor antenna 室外天线outer lead bonder 外引线焊接机outer lead bonding 外引线焊接outer mirror 外部镜outer shell 外层outer shell electron 外层电子outermost orbit 最外层轨道outfit 成套备用工具outgassing 脱气outgoing call 出话呼叫outgoing trunk 去中继线outlet 出口outline 外形output 输出output admittance 输出导纳output attenuator 输出衰减器output capability 输出能力output capacitance 输出电容output filter 输出滤波器output gap 输出隙output impedance 输出阻抗output loading factor 扇出端输数output mirror 输出镜output mirror transmission 输出镜透射output monitor 输出监视器output pentode 输出五极管output pin 输出引线output power 输出功率output reflector 输出反射镜output resistance 输出电阻output resonator 收注栅output signal 输出信号output stability 输出参数稳定性output stage 输出级output transformer 输出变压器output triode 输出三极管output tube 输出管output unit 输出设备output value 输出值oval cathode 卵形端面阴极oven baking 烘炉退火over frequency protection 过频率保护装置overall dimensions 总尺寸overall gain 总放大系数overbunching 过聚束overcharge 过充电overcoat 复盖层overcompensation 过补偿overcomplexity 超集成度overcurrent 过载电流overdeveloping 显影过度overdoping 过掺杂overdriven amplifier 过压状态的放大器overetching 过腐蚀overexposure 过曝光overhaul life 大修寿命overhearing 串话overlaid cmos 多层互补金属氧化物半导体overlap 中性区overlap region 重叠区overlapping channels 交迭通道overlapping gate ccd 迭加栅电荷耦合掐overlay registration 迭置重合overlay transistor 覆盖式晶体管overlayer 重迭层overload 超负荷overload current 过载电流overmodulation 过灯overrunning 超过额定界限oversaturation 过饱和overshoot 过冲overswing 过冲overtone 泛音overvoltage 过电压ovonic memory 奥氏存储器ovshinsky effect 奥维辛斯基效应oxidant 氧化剂oxidation 氧化oxidation ambient 氧化气氛oxidation barrier film 抗氧化薄膜oxidation coating 氧化装置oxidation furnace 氧化炉oxidation mask 氧化用掩模oxidation reaction 氧化反应oxidation tube 氧化用管oxidative stability 抗氧化性oxide 氧化物oxide aligned transistor technology 氧化物对准晶体管工艺oxide cathode 氧化物阴极oxide coated cathode 氧化物阴极oxide densification 氧化物致密化oxide dielectric 氧化物电介质oxide encroachment 氧化物底部侵蚀oxide etch 氧化物腐蚀oxide film 氧化膜oxide growth 氧化物生长oxide isolated integrated circuit 氧化物隔离集成电路oxide isolated island 氧化物隔离岛oxide isolated monolithic technology 氧化物隔离单片集成电路技术oxide isolated process 氧化物隔离工艺oxide isolation 氧化物隔离工艺oxide isolation trench 氧化物隔离槽oxide masked diffusion 氧化物掩蔽扩散oxide masking 氧化物掩蔽oxide nitride masking 氧化物氮化物掩蔽oxide overetching 氧化膜过腐蚀oxide overhang 氧化物突出部分oxide passivation 氧化物钝化法oxide pattern 氧化层图案oxide pinhole 氧化膜针孔oxide plasma 氧化物形成用等离子体oxide reactor 等离子体氧化反应器oxide resist method 氧化物掩蔽法oxide step 氧化物阶梯oxide walled base 侧壁氧化基极oxide walled emitter 侧壁氧化发射极oxide window 氧化层窗孔oxidizer 氧化剂oxidizing agent 氧化剂oxidizing environment 氧化气氛oxygen 氧oxygen atmosphere seal 氧气氛里封装oxygen gas plasma stripping 氧等离子体去胶oxygen impermeable mask 不透氧掩模oxygen implanter 氧离子注入器oxygen meter 量氧计oxygen monitoring 氧含量控制oxygen precipitation 氧沉淀oxynitride film 氮氧化合物薄膜ozone induced scumming 臭氧感生未显影光刻胶形成。
HERO传感器
Anatomy of a HEROHERO传感器介绍HERO Optical SensorHERO光学传感器The HERO architecture sets a new precedent in optical gaming sensor design. It has been designed from the ground up to optimize performance and efficiency and sets the new standard for optical gaming sensors.HERO开创了游戏光学传感器设计新的先河。
这个被设计用来进一步优化性能与节能的平衡以及为游戏光学传感器设立了新的标准。
In the history of gaming mouse sensor development, there have been many different iterations of a few core architectures, many designed with Logitech. Most sensors focus on either maximizing performance or maximizing efficiency as the two values are historically mutually exclusive. If you max out performance, it usually takes a lot more power, and if you max out efficiency you sacrifice performance. With HERO, Logitech has created an entirely new architecture and operating philosophy that delivers ultimate performance AND efficiency for the first time together.在先前的游戏鼠标传感器的开发中，一个设计能迭代产生很多产品，其中不少是由罗技设计的。
线位移传感器、角位移传感器、转速传感器的分类及各种类型的工作原理 -回复
线位移传感器、角位移传感器、转速传感器的分类及各种类型的工作原理-回复在工程和科技领域中，传感器起着至关重要的作用。
传感器是一种能够感测和测量物理量并将其转化为可用信号的设备。
其中，线位移传感器、角位移传感器和转速传感器是常见的传感器类型，在各自的领域中发挥着重要的作用。
本文将逐步介绍这些传感器的分类以及各种类型的工作原理。
一、线位移传感器（Linear Displacement Sensor）线位移传感器是一种用于测量物体位置移动的传感器，它能够测量物体在一个直线轴上的位移。
线位移传感器广泛应用于工业自动化、机械工程、汽车工业等领域。
根据工作原理的不同，线位移传感器可以分为接触式和非接触式传感器。
1. 接触式传感器（Contact Sensors）接触式传感器通过物体与传感器之间的接触来测量位移。
常见的接触式线位移传感器有电阻式、电感式和电容式传感器。
- 电阻式传感器（Resistance Sensors）电阻式传感器基于电阻的变化来测量位移。
当物体移动时，导电材料的电阻会发生变化，进而改变电路中的电流或电压。
通过测量这种变化可以获取位移信息。
电阻式传感器具有较高的精度和稳定性，但由于依赖物体与传感器的接触，容易在长时间使用后产生磨损。
- 电感式传感器（Inductive Sensors）电感式传感器利用线圈的感应效应来测量位移。
当物体靠近传感器时，线圈的感应范围会发生改变，进而改变电路中的电感值。
通过测量电感的变化可以确定位移信息。
电感式传感器具有较高的耐用性和适应性，但对于非金属物体的测量精度较低。
- 电容式传感器（Capacitive Sensors）电容式传感器利用电容的变化来测量位移。
当物体接近传感器时，电容的值会改变。
通过测量电容变化的方式可以得到位移信息。
电容式传感器具有较高的灵敏度和测量精度，但在环境湿度变化较大时容易受到影响。
2. 非接触式传感器（Non-contact Sensors）非接触式传感器通过无接触的方式来测量位移，常见的非接触式线位移传感器有光学传感器和磁电传感器。
光传感器(Photo Sensor)
德国 Brain Products 公司发布新产品——光传感器（Photo Sensor）光传感器可以测量屏幕的亮度，同时与刺激触发适配器结合使用可在刺激呈现时立即产生触发信号进行标记。
它是检测显示器和所有实验控制软件性能的有效工具。
尤其对于在平板电脑和手机上呈现视觉刺激时由于重要。
光传感器（Photo Sensor）是Brain Products 公司推出的新产品。
它可以很方便的用双面胶粘贴到任何屏幕上，通过连接到放大器的辅助输入端口上，可以提供屏幕的亮度信息。
也就是说：由传感器传输的信号可以表明屏幕何时变亮或变暗。
与刺激触发适配器结合使用，当光量超过阈值（可设置）时会产生一个触发信号，这意味着该设备可以标记视觉刺激开始呈现的精确时间。
通过使用EEG放大器记录传感器信号，可实现对视觉实验设置更全面的检测。
计划要用的显示器是否适合视觉实验？在呈现最黑暗的黑色之后呈现最明亮的白色（或相反）需要多少帧？在相同刺激重复呈现时亮度级别是否是稳定的？Wang 和Nikolic 等在2011年对这些问题进行了检测并发表了文章予以阐述。
利用EEG放大器可以记录由实验控制软件发送的触发信号的优势，标记时间的精确性同样也可以被量化。
同样的规则也被应用在了听觉形式上。
上图为2014年神经系统科学学会年会（SFN，美国华盛顿）上的视觉诱发电位演示。
在一个大屏手机上显示了一个旋转的棋盘格。
光传感器和刺激触发适配器检测到了刺激的开始。
利用Brain Products公司的actiCAP Xpress 干电极和 V-Amp放大器采集EEG信号。
光传感器和刺激触发适配器结合使用为视觉实验创造了一个新可能，例如使用智能手机发送刺激同时获取绝对精确的事件标记（marker）。
实现这种功能是极不寻常的，因为即使使用智能手机来获取可靠的ERPs已经相当困难。
然而，这正是我们在2014年的神经系统科学学会年会上成功实现的事情：在一个相当大的手机屏幕上持续循环呈现旋转棋盘格模式的动画。
Optical sensors for environmental monitoring
Optical sensors for environmentalmonitoring光学传感器在环境监测中的应用随着环境问题的日益严重，环境监测变得越来越重要。
而光学传感器作为一种高效、灵敏的监测工具，被广泛应用于环境监测领域。
本文将探讨光学传感器在环境监测中的应用，以及其优势和挑战。
一、光学传感器的工作原理光学传感器利用光的特性进行测量和监测。
其工作原理基于光的吸收、散射、透射和反射等现象。
通过测量光的强度、频率、相位等参数，可以得到环境中目标物质的信息。
二、光学传感器在水质监测中的应用水质是环境监测中的重要指标之一。
光学传感器可以用于监测水中的溶解氧、浊度、有机物质、重金属离子等参数。
例如，利用荧光光学传感器可以实时监测水中的溶解氧含量，通过测量荧光强度的变化来判断水体的氧气含量是否达标。
而利用散射光学传感器可以快速测量水中的浊度，进而评估水质的清澈程度。
这些光学传感器不仅具有高灵敏度和快速响应的特点，而且可以实现在线监测，提高监测效率。
三、光学传感器在大气污染监测中的应用大气污染是当前环境问题中的一个重要方面。
光学传感器可以用于监测大气中的颗粒物、气体污染物、臭氧等参数。
例如，利用散射光学传感器可以实时监测大气中的颗粒物浓度，通过测量散射光的强度和角度分布来评估空气质量。
而利用吸收光学传感器可以测量大气中的臭氧含量，进而判断臭氧层的健康状况。
这些光学传感器不仅可以实现远程监测，而且具有高精度和高分辨率的特点，能够提供准确的环境数据。
四、光学传感器的优势和挑战光学传感器在环境监测中具有许多优势。
首先，光学传感器具有高灵敏度和快速响应的特点，能够实现实时监测。
其次，光学传感器可以实现非接触式测量，减少了对样品的破坏和污染。
此外，光学传感器还具有高精度、高分辨率和宽测量范围的特点，能够提供准确的环境数据。
然而，光学传感器也面临一些挑战。
例如，光学传感器对环境条件的要求较高，温度、湿度等因素都可能影响其测量结果。
光电传感器(中英文对照版)
Photoelectric sensorKey word: photoelectric effect photoelectric element photoelectric sensor classification sensor application characteristics .Abstract: in the rapid development of science and technology in the modern society, mankind has into the rapidly changing information era, people in daily life, the production process, rely mainly on the detection of information technology by acquiring, screening and transmission, to achieve the brake control, automatic adjustment, at present our country has put detection techniques listed in one of the priority to the development of science and technology. Because of microelectronics technology, photoelectric semiconductor technology, optical fiber technology and grating technical development makes the application of the photoelectric sensor is growing. The sensor has simple structure, non-contact, high reliability, high precision, measurable parameters and quick response and more simple structure, form etc, and flexible in automatic detection technology, it has been widely applied in photoelectric effect as the theoretical basis, the device by photoelectric material composition.Text:First, theoretical foundation - photoelectric effectPhotoelectric effect generally have the photoelectric effect, optical effect, light born volts effect.The light shines in photoelectric material, according to the electronic absorption material surface energy, if absorbed energy large enoughelectronic electronic will overcome bound from material surface and enter the outside space, which changes photoelectron materials, this kind ofphenomenon become the conductivity of the photoelectric effectAccording to Einstein's photoelectron effect, photon is moving particles, each photon energy for hv (v for light frequency, h for Planck's constant, h = 6.63 * 10-34 J/HZ), thus different frequency of photons have different energy, light, the higher the frequency, the photon energy is bigger. Assuming all the energy photons to photons, electronic energy will increase, increased energy part of the fetter, positive ions used to overcome another part of converted into electronic energy. According to the law of conservation of energy:Type, m for electronic quality, v for electronic escaping the velocity, A microelectronics the work done.From the type that will make the optoelectronic cathode surface escape thenecessary conditions are h > A. Due to the different materials have different escaping, so reactive to each kind of cathode materials, incident light has a certain frequency is restricted, when the frequency of incident light under this frequency limit, no matter how the light intensity, won't produce photoelectron launch, this frequency limit called "red limit". The corresponding wavelength forA-h m 212νν=type, c for the speed of light, A reactive for escaping.When is the sun, its electronic energy, absorb the resistivity reduce conductive phenomenon called optical effects. It belongs to the photoelectric effect within. When light is, if in semiconductor electronic energy big with semiconductor of forbidden band width, the electronic energy from the valence band jump into the conduction band, form, and at the same time, the valence band electronic left the corresponding cavities. Electronics, cavitation remained in semiconductor, and participate in electric conductive outside formed under the current role.In addition to metal outer, most insulators and semiconductor have photoelectric effect, particularly remarkable, semiconductor optical effect according to the optoelectronics manufacturing incident light inherent frequency, when light resistance in light, its conductivity increases, resistance drops. The light intensity is strong, its value, if the smaller, its resistance to stop light back to the original value.Semiconductor produced by light illuminate the phenomenon is called light emf, born volts effect on the effect of photoelectric devices have made si-based ones, photoelectric diode, control thyristor and optical couplers, etc. Second, optoelectronic components and characteristicsAccording to the outside optoelectronics manufacturing optoelectronic devices have photoelectron, inflatable phototubes and photoelectric times once tube. 1. Phototubes phototubes are various and typical products are vacuumphototubes and inflatable phototubes, light its appearance and structure as shown in figure 1 shows, made of cylindrical metal half cathodic K and is located in the wires cathodic axis of anode in A package of smoke into the vacuum, when incident light within glass shell in the cathode, illuminate A single photon took all of its energy transfer to the cathode materials A free electrons, so as to make the freedom electronic energy increase h. When electrons gain energy more than escape of cathode materials, it reactive A metal surface constraints can overcome escape, form electron emission. This kind of electronic called optoelectronics, optoelectronic escaping the metal surface for after initial kinetic energyPhototubes normal work, anode potential than the cathode, shown in figure 2. In one shot more than "red light frequency is premise, escape from the optoelectronic cathode surface by positive potential attracted the anode in photoelectric tube forming space, called the current stream. Then if light intensity increases, the number of photons bombarded the cathode multiplied, unit of time to launch photoelectron number are also increasing, photo-current greatens. In figure 2 shows circuit, current and resistance is the voltage drop across the only a function of light intensity relations, so as to achieve a photoelectric conversion. When the LTT optoelectronic cathode K, electronic escape from the cathode surface, and was the photoelectric anode is an electric current, power plants absorb deoxidization device in the load resistance - I, the voltagePhototubes photoelectric characteristics fig.03 shows, from the graph in flux knowable, not too big, photoelectric basic characteristics is a straight line.2. Photoelectric times had the sensitivity of vacuum tube due to low, so with people developed has magnified the photomultiplier tubes photo-current ability. Figure 4 is photomultiplier tube structure schematic drawing.图4光电倍增结构示意图From the graph can see photomultiplier tubes also have A cathode K and an anode A, and phototubes different is in its between anode and cathode set up several secondary emission electrodes, D1, D2 and D3... They called the first multiply electrode, the second multiply electrode,... Usually, double electrode for 10 ~ 15 levels. Photomultiplier tubes work between adjacent electrode, keeping a certain minimum, including the cathode potential potentials, each multiply electrode potential filtering increases, the anode potential supreme. When the incident light irradiation, cathodic K escape from the optoelectronic cathode multiplied by first accelerated, by high speed electrode D1 bombarded caused secondary electron emission, D1, an incident can generate multiplesecondary electron photonics, D1 emit of secondary electron was D1, D2 asked electric field acceleration, converged on D2 and again produce secondary electron emission... So gradually produce secondary electron emission, make electronic increased rapidly, these electronic finally arrived at the anode, form a larger anode current. If a n level, multiply electrodes at all levels for sigma, the multiplication of rate is the multiplication of photomultiplier tubes can be considered sigma n rate, therefore, photomultiplier tube has high sensitivity. In the output current is less than 1mA circumstances, it in a very wide photoelectric properties within the scope of the linear relationship with good. Photomultiplier tubes this characteristic, make it more for light measurement.3 and photoconductive resistance photoconductive resistance within the working principle is based on the photoelectric effect. In semiconductor photosensitive material ends of mount electrode lead, it contains transparent window sealed in the tube and shell element photoconductive resistance. Photoconductive resistance properties and parameters are:1) dark resistance photoconductive resistance at room temperature, total dark conditions stable resistance called dark resistance, at the current flow resistance is called dark current.2) light resistance photoconductive resistance at room temperature and certain lighting conditions stable resistance measured, right now is called light resistance of current flow resistance is called light current.4, volt-ampere characteristics of both ends photoconductive resistance added voltage and current flows through photoconductive resistance of the relationship between called volt-ampere characteristics shown, as shown in figure 5. From the graph, the approximate linear volt-ampere characteristics that use should be limited, but when the voltage ends photoconductive resistance, lest than shown dotted lines of power consumption area5, photoelectric characteristics photoconductive resistance between the poles, light when voltage fixed the relationship between with bright current photoelectric characteristics. Called Photoconductive resistance photoelectric characteristics is nonlinear, this is one of the major drawback of photoconductive resistance.6, spectral characteristics is not the same incident wavelength, the sensitivity of photoconductive resistance is different also. Incidence wavelength and photodetector the relationship between relative sensitivity called spectral characteristics. When used according to the wavelength range by metering, choose different material photoconductive resistance.7, response time by photoconductive resistance after photo-current need light,over a period of time (time) rise to reach its steady value. Similarly, in stop light photo-current also need, over a period of time (down time) to restore the its dark current, this is photoconductive resistance delay characteristics. Photoconductive resistance rise response time and falling response time about 10-1 ~ 10-3s, namely the frequency response is 10Hz ~ 1000Hz, visible photoconductive resistance cannot be used in demand quick response occasion, this is one of the main photoconductive resistance shortcomings.8 and temperature characteristic photoconductive resistance by temperature affects greatly, temperature rise, dark current increase, reduced sensitivity, which is another photoconductive resistance shortcomings.9, frequency characteristic frequency characteristics refers to an external voltage and incident light, strong must be photo-current I and incident light modulation frequency, the relationship between the f, photoelectric diode is the frequency characteristic of the photoelectric triode frequency characteristics, this is because of the photoelectric triode shot "yankees there capacitance and carrier base-combed need time's sake. By using the principle of the photoelectric efficiency of optoelectronics manufacturing frequency characteristics of the worst, this is due to capture charge carriers and release charge need a certain time's sake.Three, photoelectric sensorsPhotoelectric sensor is through the light intensity changes into electrical signal changes to achieve control, its basic structure, it first figure 6 by measuring thechange of change of converting the light signal, and then using photoelectric element further will light signals into electrical signal by photoelectric sensor general. Illuminant, optical path and optoelectronics. Three components of photoelectric detection method has high precision, fast response, non-contact wait for an advantage, but measurable parameters of simple structure, sensors, form flexible, therefore, photoelectric sensor in the test and control is widely used.By photoelectric sensor generally is composed of three parts, they are divided into: transmitter and receiver and detection circuit shown, as shown in figure 7, transmitter aimed at the target launch beam, the launch of the beam from semiconductor illuminant, general light emitting diode (LED), laser diode and infrared emission diode. Beam uninterrupted launch, or change the pulse width. Receivers have photoelectric diode, photoelectric triode, composed si-based ones. In front of the receiver, equipped with optical components such as lens and aperture, etc. In its back is detection circuit, it can filter out effective signal and the application of the signal. In addition, the structural components in photoelectric switch and launch plate and optical fiber, triangle reflex plate is solid structure launch device. It consists of small triangle cone of reflective materials, can make a beam accurately reflected back from plate, with practical significance. It can be in with the scope of optical axis 0 to 25, make beams change launch Angle from a root almost after launch line, passes reflection or from the rotating polygon.some basic returns.图7Photoelectric sensor is a kind of depend on is analyte and optoelectronics and light source, to achieve the relationship between the measured purpose, so the light source photoelectric sensor plays a very important role, photoelectric sensor power if a constant source, power is very important for design, the stability of the stability of power directly affect the accuracy of measurement, commonly used illuminant have the following kinds:1, leds is a change electric energy into light energy semiconductor devices. It has small volume, low power consumption, long life, fast response, the advantages of high mechanical strength, and can match and integrated circuits.Therefore, widely used in computer, instruments and automatic control equipment.2, silk light bulb that is one of the most commonly used illuminant, it has rich infrared light. If chosen optoelectronics, constitutes of infrared sensor sensitive colour filter can be added to the visible tungsten lamps, but only filter with its infrared does illuminant, such, which can effectively prevent other light interference.3, compared with ordinary light laser laser with energy concentration, directional good, frequency pure, coherence as well as good, is very ideal light sources.The light source, optical path and photoelectric device composition photoelectric sensor used in photoelectric detection, still must be equipped with appropriate measurement circuit. The photoelectric effect to the measurement circuit of photoelectric element of widerange caused changes needed to convert the voltage or current. Different photoelectric element, the measurement circuit required is not identical also. Several semiconductor introduces below optoelectronic devices commonly used measurement circuit. Semiconductor photoconductive resistance can through large current, be in so usually, need not equipped with amplifier. In the output power of demand is bigger, can use figure 8 shows circuit.Figure 9 (a) with temperature compensation given the photosensitive diode bridge type measuring circuit. When the incident light intensity slow change,the reverse resistance photosensitive diode is the slow change, the change of the temperature will cause the bridge output voltage, must compensate. Drift Picture a photosensitive diode as the test components, another into Windows, in neighboring bridge, the change of the temperature in the arms of the influence of two photosensitive diode, therefore, can eliminate the same output with temperature bridge road drift.Light activated triode incident light in work under low illumination, or hope to get bigger output power, also can match with amplifying circuit, as shown in figure 9 shows.Because even in the glare photosensitive batteries, maximum output voltage also only 0.6 V, still cannot make the next level 1 transistor have larger current output, so must add positive bias, as shown in figure 9 (a) below. In order to reduce the transistor circuit impedance variations, base si-based ones to reduce as much as possible without light, when the reverse bias inherit in parallel a resistor si-based ones at both ends. Or like figure 9 (b) as shown bythe positive ge diode produces pressure drop and test the voltage produced when exposed to light, make silicon tube e stack, b the voltage between actuators than 0.7 V, and conduction work. This kind of circumstance also can use silicon light batteries, as shown in figure 10 (c) below.Semiconductor photoelectric element of photoelectric circuit can also use integrated operational amplifier. Silicon photosensitive diode can be obtained by integrating op-amp larger output amplitude, as shown in figure 11 (a) below. When light is produced, the optical output voltage in order to guarantee photosensitive diode is reverse biased, in its positive to add a load voltage. Figure 11. (b) give the photocell transform circuit, because the photoelectricsi-based ones short-circuit current and illumination of a linear relationship between, so will it up in the op-amp is, inverse-phase input, using these two potential difference between the characteristics of close to zero, can get bettereffect. In the picture shows conditions, the output voltageThe photoelectric element by flux the role of different made from the principle of optical measurement and control system is varied, press the photoelectric element (optical measurement and control system) output nature, namely, can be divided into second analog photoelectric sensor and pulse (switch) photoelectric sensor. Analog photoelectric sensors will be converted into continuous variation of the measure, it is measured optical with a single value relations between analog photoelectric sensor. According to be measured (objects) method detection of target can be divided into transmission (absorption) type, diffuse type, shading type (beam resistance gears) three categories. So-called transmission style means the object to be tested in optical path in constant light source, the light energy through things, part of being measured by absorption, transmitted light onto photoelectric element, such as measured liquid, gas transparency and photoelectric BiSeJi etc; speed.gratifying The so-called diffuse style means the constant light by the light onto the analyte from the object to be tested, and projected onto surfaces reflect on after optoelectronic devices, such as photoelectric colorimetricthermometer and light gauge etc; The so-called shading style means the when illuminant issued by the flux of light analyte covered by a part Jing optoelectronics, make projection on the flux change, change the object to be tested and extent of the position with the light path, such as vibration measurement, the size measurement; And in pulse photoelectric sensor in the sensors, photoelectric element acceptable optical signal is intermittent change, therefore photoelectric element in switch work of the state, the current output it is usually only two steady state of the signal, the pulse form used for photoelectric counting and photoelectric speed measurement and so on.And infrared photoelectric sensor classification and working way generally have the following kinds:1, groove photoelectric sensor put a light emitter and a receiver in a slotface-to-face outfit are on opposite sides of the photoelectric groove. Lighter emits infrared light or visible light, and in unimpeded cases light receptors can receive light. But when tested objects from slot zhongtong obsolete, light occluded, photoelectric switches and action. Output a switch control signal, cut off or connect load current, thus completing a control movement. Groove switch is the overall of detection distance because general structure limits only a few centimeters.2, DuiShe type optoelectronic sensor if you put lighter and receive light is separated, can make the detection distance increase. By a lighter and an inbox light sensor into a photoelectric switch is called DuiShe separatephotoelectric switches, referred to DuiShe photoelectric switch. Its detection distance can reach a few meters and even a dozen meters. When usinglight-emitting device and receive light device are installed in test object through the path of the sides, test object by blocking light path, accept light implement action output a switch control signals.3, reflex plate.it photoelectric switch light-emitting device type and receive light device into the same device inside, in its front pack a reflex plate.the using the reflection principle of complete photoelectric control function is called reflex plate.it reflex (or reflector reflex) photoelectric switch. Under normal circumstances, lighter the light reflected by reflex plate.it is received by accept light; Once the light path be test object to block, accept light, the light is not receive photoelectric switch is action, output a switch control signals.4, diffusion reflective photoelectric switches its detection head with a lighter and also an inbox light ware, but no reflex plate.it ahead. Normally lighter for the light collect light is not found. When test object by blocking the light, and the light reflected light, receive part implement received light signals, output a switch signals.Four, I'm the idea of photoelectric sensorWith the development of science and technology people on measuring accuracy had the higher request, this has prompted the pace with The Times photoelectric sensor have updated, improve the main means photoelectric sensor performance is the application of new materials, new technologymanufacturing performance is more superior photoelectric element. For example, today the prototype of the photoelectric sensor is a small metal cylindrical equipment, with a calibration lens, transmitter into receiver focused light, the receiver out of cable to the device got a vacuum tube amplifiers in metal cylinder on the incandescent light bulb inside a small as the light source a strong incandescent lamp sensor. Due to the sensor various defects existing in the fields, gradually faded. To appear, because of it of fiber of excellent performance, then appeared with sensors supporting the use of optical passive components, another fiber without any interference of electromagnetic signal, and can make the sensor of the electronic components and other electrical disturbance in isolation. Have a piece of plastic optical fiber core or glass light core, light outside a metallic core skins and bread this layer metal cortical density lower than light core, so low, the beam refraction in the two materials according to the border (incident Angle within a certain range, reflected), is all. Based on optical principle, all beams can be made by optical fiber to transmission. Two incident beam Angle in an Angle (along the fiber length direction within) by multiple reflections from the other end after injection, another incident angles than accept the incident light in metal skin, loss. This accept Angle within the biggest incident Angle than two times, this is because fiber slightly larger from air into density larger fiber materials hitting may have a slight refraction. In light of the optical fiber transmission from inside the influence of fiber bending (whether more than bending radius minimal bendingradius). Most optical fiber is flexible, easy to install in the narrow space. Photoelectric sensor is a kind of non-contact measurement small electronic measurement equipment, rely on detect its receives the light intensity change, to achieve measurement purposes, and it's also a vulnerable to external disturbance and lose the measurement accuracy of the device. When be being designed so besides the choice optoelectronic components, still must set GSCC signal and temperature compensating measures used to weaken or eliminate the impact of these factors.Photoelectric sensor must pass a light modulation, like radio waves of light modulation of sends and receives, the radio to a station, can ignore other radio signal sensors without modulation long-focal-length only through the use of mechanical shielded, scenes that receiver transmitter only can receive the emission of light, can make its energy becomes very high. In contrast, through modulation transceivers can ignore ambient light, only to own light or with the same modulation frequencies of light without modulation response. The sensor used to test the infrared rays or around the radiation, if just baked red bottle, in this application situation if use other sensor, may be incorrect actions. Photoelectric sensor due to non-contact, high reliability, etc, and to change in measurement, damage the object to be testedSo since its invention in fields since play a significant role, at present it has been widely used in measuring mechanical quantity, thermal quantity, weight, intelligent vehicle system into etc. Now it in power system automatically griddevice plays a very important role, because generator input power grid operation often USES accurate with law, must meet: three-phase line sequence is consistent, frequency, phase agree unanimously, voltage amplitude equal, one of the conditions in system design has been satisfied, after three conditions must also meet to grid, of course, artificially grid is more difficult, photoelectric grid is easier.The development of times, science and technology in the update, photoelectric sensor types are increasing and application domain more and more widely, such as a recent kind of infrared already in intelligent vehicle electrical sensors in to the application, one of which had based on infrared sensor is the core of intelligent vehicle, reflective type infrared sensor using reflex infrared sensor design path detection module and speed monitoring module; Another method based on infrared sensor using the car tracing is to collect infrared sensor data.Photoelectric sensor has cannot be replaced by other sensors superiority, so it development foreground is very good, the application will also become more widespread.光电传感器关键字：光电效应光电元件光电特性传感器分类传感器应用摘要：在科学技术高速发展的现代社会中，人类已经入瞬息万变的信息时代，人们在日常生活，生产过程中，主要依靠检测技术对信息经获取、筛选和传输，来实现制动控制，自动调节，目前我国已将检测技术列入优先发展的科学技术之一。
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Wonders of Fibre-Optic Sensors
Topics
Photonics Technology Distributed Sensing Applications Multipoint Sensing
Applications of FBG Sensors
Fibre-Optics Technology
Light Sources
–LED –Laser
diode fibre fibre
Optical Fibres
–Glass –Plastic
Photodetectors
–PIN –APD
Characteristics of Glass Fibre
Virtually infinite bandwidth (>1,000,000,000,000 bits/s)
B-OTDR: Performances
• Spatial Resolution: 0.8 m over 1km 5 m at 10 km 15 m at 25 km • Strain resolution: • T Resolution : 20 me ± 1° C
• Measurement time: typ. 5 min. or few seconds for threshold detection.
Extremely low-loss (50 % loss for every 15 km) Small size (0.250 mm in diameter) Light weight (2mm cable: 4kg/km, coaxial cable 1000kg/km)
Immunity to electromagnetic interference
High security No sparks Corrosion and temperature resistant
Fibre Losses: Singlemode fibre
Losses of Glasses & Polymer Fibres
Medium
Window glass Optical glass Glass fibre PMMA Perfluorinated POF Polycarbonate
A brief overview of sensors (and why you should love them)
I’m Mr. Sensitivity. . .
Why Sensors Are Important:
The world is NOT static.
It can also be incredibly complex.
Optical communications: Use lasers or LEDs as transmitters,
optical fibre as transmission medium and photodiodes as detectors.
Fibre optics sensors:Can be considered as a small scale
Attenuation dB/km
50,000 3,000 0.2 150 15 1,000
10% length m
0.2 3.3 50,000 67 667 10
Fibre Optic Sensors
Optical
sensors are replacing conventional sensors in many areas of science, engineering, and medicine. Creates new kinds of sensors with unique properties that could not be achieved before.
localizing oftemperature data along the entire length of the fibre easy installation of the sensing cable total immunity to electromagnetic induction no active electronic circuits within the measuring object (explosion protection) use in corrosive environments possible
Exams
Diagnosis
Cure
Inspection Diagnosis Repair
Application Domains
Bridges
Tunnels
Geostructures
Dams
Nuclear Industry
Heritage
Oil & Gas Railway
Harbors
Pipe Lines
transmission system but the transmitter in this case is replaced with photonic sensors illuminated by a light source.
Fibre-Optics Technology
Basic Components of Photonics Systems
Optical fiber characteristics and features
Low loss, low cost, small size,… Various cable design available with different performances
Reproducibility of the Measurements
Measuring conditions: * 100 repetitions of measurement at constant temperature
* Measurement time: 1 min * Standard deviation (1) of a single measurement: 0,9 °C
Oh no. I thought you said the 40’th canal on sector 15. .
Sometimes, the environment where a robot will be deployed is simply unknowable. . .
What Is a Sensor?
A general optical system
Message Source Light Source Transmitter [Sensors]
Photodetector
Optical Fibre
Message Destination [Sensor Signal Processing]
Basic components of a fibre optics system
Transmitted light Incoupled light
Backscattered light Intensity
Optical fibre
backscattering spectrum
IsIa TFra bibliotekWavelength
Advantages ...
simultaneous temperature measurement and
Other Applications
Distributed Sensing
Temp. [°C] Reading Unit 0m 1m
Distributed Sensor
100m
T1
T1 T2
Position [m] 1000m Strain [me]
e
T2
F F
e
20km
Position [m]
Brillouin Scattering
Anything that detects the state of the environment. Yep. You’ve already used sensors before in the Braitenburg lab. Are the following sensors?
positioning devices Encoders Vision Mine detectors (detector vs. sensor)
OTDR – Rayleight Raman-OTDR Brillouin-OTDR Fibre Grating Sensors
*OTDR – Optical Time-Domain Reflectometer
Monitoring: A structure’s feelings
Pain Monitoring
Accuracy of the Measurements
Measuring conditions: * 25 repetitions of measurement at constant temperature
* Measurement time: 1 min * Averaged temperature distribution
Features & benefits of Distributed Sensing
One optical fiber sensor repaces thousands of pin-point
sensors
Remote monitoring
Applications用途