Technical Writing & operating instructions
Technical Writing
Tools for producing tech. doc.
Desktop publishing tools or word processors. Word processors such as Microsoft Word, Apple Pages, and Open Office are used by technical writers to author, edit, design, and print documents. Since technical writing is as much about the page’s layout as it is the written language, Desktop Publishing tools such as Adobe FrameMaker and LyX are also used. These programs function similarly to word processors but provide users with more options and features for the document’s design and automate much of the formatting. Help authoring tools are used to create the help systems that are packaged with software products, delivered through web browsers or provided as files users can view on their computers. When writing instructional procedures for complex programs or systems, technical writers will use these tools to assist them and simplify the process. Adobe RoboHelp, MadCap Flare, Author-it and HelpNDoc are a few examples of Help Authoring Tools. Image editing software. Image editing software like Adobe Photoshop and GIMP are used to create and edit the visual aspects of documents. Collaborative software programs. Because technical writing often involves communication between multiple individuals who work for different companies, it can be a collaborative affair.[41] Thus, technical writers use Wiki Systems like MediaWiki and Atlassian Confluence and shared document workspaces like Microsoft SharePoint and Google Docs to work with other writers and parties to construct technical documents.
Technical_Writing 技术写作、资料开发
• Bad: To improve his approach, the experiment was done. • Bad: To capture the new semantics, Promela is extended with new primitives.
Important goal
• Don’t make readers a hard time in reading your papers
– Your technical content is already hard enough
Avoid ambiguous words
• “since” • • • • • “because”
Dangling modifiers
• Bad: After reading the original study, the paper remains unconvincing.
– after …., we find that the paper ….
• Bad: The experiment was a failure, not having studies the lab manual.
Avoid complicated words
• “utilize” “use”
Explicitly write out things
• Don’t let readers guess • I just got a pet and gave her a name. This is cute.
An Introduction to Technical Writing
What is technical writing?
Example 1
• Tobacco: Any plant of the genus
nicotine, a tall annual plant with ample oval or lanceolated leaves. The leaves are prepared by drying or manufacturing processes and used for smoking.
Example 5 We the people of the U.N. determined to save succeeding generations from the scourge of war, which twice in our lifetime has brought untold suffering to mankind, and to reaffirm faith in fundamental rights, in the dignity and worth of the human person, in the equal rights of men and women and of nations large and small, and to establish conditions under which justice and respect for the obligations arising from treaties and other sources of international law can be maintained, and to promote social progress and better standards of life in larger freedom, and for these ends, to practice tolerance and live together in peace with one another as good neighbors, and to unite our strength to maintain international peace and security, and to ensure, by the acceptance of principles and the institution of methods, that armed force shall not be used, save in the common interest, and to employ international machinery for the promotion of economic and social advancement of all peoples, have resolved to combine our efforts to accomplish these aims.
英语技术写作【范本模板】
Guidelines to Successful Technical Writing1。
Revising with efficient sentencesThe main purpose of a technical document is to inform or persuade the reader through use of efficient sentences，not to impress or entertain with fancy language displays。
So, technical documents transmit worthwhile information—even highly specialized information—in the most straightforward way to their audience。
Readers of technical documents are busy and impatient。
They do not wish to put more into reading a document than they can get from it。
They hate waste and expect efficiency. Every sentence in a document should be revised to carry its own weight， in conveying the writer’s meaning。
Observe the same rule in adopting sentence style as you would in choosing the document's content: make it long enough to be understood, yet short enough to be tolerated。
英文写作分类法范文
英文写作分类法范文## A Comprehensive Classification of English Writing.English writing, an integral part of language and communication, encompasses a vast array of genres and styles, each tailored to specific purposes and audiences. Classifying these written works into distinct categories helps us better understand and navigate the diverse landscape of written expression. This article presents a comprehensive framework for classifying English writing, providing valuable insights into the various types of texts and their characteristics.1. Informative Writing.Informative writing aims to convey knowledge, facts, or ideas in a clear and concise manner. It includes:Reports: Present factual information gathered through research or observation, often used in academic or businesssettings.Articles: Provide in-depth coverage of specific topics, often found in newspapers, magazines, and journals.Brochures and Pamphlets: Informative materials used for marketing or educational purposes.Fact Sheets: Concise summaries of key facts and statistics on a particular subject.2. Persuasive Writing.Persuasive writing aims to convince the reader to adopt a particular viewpoint or take a specific action. It includes:Essays: Present arguments in support of a thesis statement, often used in academic and literary contexts.Speeches: Oral or written presentations that aim to influence the audience's opinion.Letters to the Editor: Express opinions and perspectives on current events or issues, published in newspapers and magazines.Advertisements: Use persuasive techniques to promote products or services.3. Creative Writing.Creative writing involves using language to create imaginative and expressive works. It includes:Fiction: Novels, short stories, and plays that depict fictional characters and events.Poetry: Uses language figuratively and rhythmically to evoke emotions and convey ideas.Screenplays: Written works intended for film or television productions.Creative Nonfiction: Blends elements of fiction and nonfiction, using narrative techniques to present real-life events.4. Technical Writing.Technical writing conveys complex technical information to a specific audience. It includes:Instructions: Step-by-step guides on how to use a product or perform a task.Manuals: Comprehensive technical documents that provide in-depth information on a subject.White Papers: Informative reports that presenttechnical insights and solutions.Technical Proposals: Formal written requests for funding or support of a technical project.5. Business Writing.Business writing communicates effectively within business organizations. It includes:Business Letters: Formal correspondence used forvarious purposes, such as inquiries, orders, and complaints.Memos: Internal documents used to share information within a company.Proposals: Formal requests for funding or support of a business project.Business Plans: Outlines the goals, strategies, and financial projections of a business.6. Legal Writing.Legal writing involves the creation of legal documents and is used in various legal contexts. It includes:Contracts: Binding agreements between parties thatdefine rights and obligations.Wills and Trusts: Documents that determine the distribution of assets after death.Statutes: Laws enacted by legislative bodies.Court Documents: Written submissions used in legal proceedings.7. Academic Writing.Academic writing is used for scholarly research and communication. It includes:Research Papers: Present original research findings and contribute to the knowledge base in a particular field.Dissertations: Extended research projects that fulfill requirements for an academic degree.Theses: Major research projects that contributeoriginal insights to a specific field.Conference Papers: Written works presented at academic conferences.Conclusion.The classification of English writing into distinct categories provides a valuable framework for understanding the diverse nature of written works. By recognizing the characteristics and purposes of different writing genres, we can effectively navigate the vast landscape of written communication, select appropriate writing strategies, and communicate our ideas and perspectives clearly and effectively.。
南开technical writing 1
II. The Meaning of words
The meaning of words has two aspects: denotative and connotative Denotation: literally meaning or surface meaning Connotation: is the feeling or idea suggested by words
e.g. for different origin
Ask question interrogate(审问） Time age epoch （significant change) Rise mount( to go up) ascend ( to move upward)
III.General &Specific Words
Effective Sentences
5. variety: variety is essential for good writing. It will achieved when short sent. Are used in between long ones; simple sent. in between compound and complex ones; periodic sent. in between loose ones
Comparatively speaking, some words are more general and some words are more specific chemists
doctors teachers professionals scientists
Technical Writing
723-3963 725-1789 723-9014 723-1548
NATURE OF WORK & LIFESTYLE
"One thing is clear - tech writers spend most of their time at activities other than writing." What you do in a day depends upon the kind of technical writer you are and the stage of your project. A survey of technical writers came up with the following percentages on how they spent their time on the job (The Tech Writing Game, Van Wicklen): • • • • • • • Writing 30% Research 23% Editing 14% Meetings 13% Document design 11% Field testing 7% eers in Technical Writing
Hours: Counseling Services Monday - Friday 9:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m. Thursdays - 9:00 a.m. - 6:00 p.m. (Closed noon - 1:00 p.m.) Employment Services Monday - Friday 8:15 a.m. - 4:30 p.m. Reference File Services Monday - Friday 9:00 a.m. - 3:00 p.m. (Closed noon - 1:00 p.m.) General Information Counseling Services Employment Services Reference File Services
技术英文作文模板英语
技术英文作文模板英语英文：When it comes to writing a technical English essay, there are a few things that one should keep in mind. Firstly, it is important to have a clear understanding of the topic at hand. This means that you should do your research and gather as much information as possible before you start writing. Once you have a good grasp of the topic, you can start organizing your thoughts and ideas.One thing that is important in technical writing is clarity. You want to make sure that your writing is easy to understand and that your ideas are conveyed clearly. This means that you should avoid using overly complicated language or jargon that might confuse your reader. Instead, try to use simple, straightforward language that gets your point across.Another important aspect of technical writing isaccuracy. You want to make sure that the information youare presenting is correct and up-to-date. This means that you should double-check any facts or figures that youinclude in your essay, and make sure that you cite your sources properly.Finally, it is important to be concise in your writing. Technical writing should be clear and to-the-point, without any unnecessary fluff or filler. This means that you should avoid using long, convoluted sentences or repeating the same information over and over again.中文：当谈到写技术英文文章时，有几个事情需要记住。
技术英文作文技巧高中
技术英文作文技巧高中英文：As a high school student, writing a technical English essay can seem daunting at first. However, with the right approach and some useful tips, it can become much easier.First of all, it is important to understand the technical vocabulary related to the topic you are writing about. This can be done by reading articles and books on the subject, as well as by consulting specialized dictionaries and glossaries. It is also useful to make alist of key terms and their definitions, to ensure that you use them correctly throughout your essay.Another important aspect of technical writing is clarity. This means that your essay should be easy to understand and follow, even for readers who are not experts in the field. To achieve this, it is recommended to use simple and concise language, avoid jargon and technicalterms that are not essential to your argument, and to organize your ideas logically.In addition, it is important to provide examples and evidence to support your arguments. This can help to make your essay more convincing and engaging, and also show that you have a deep understanding of the topic. Examples can be drawn from real-life situations, experiments, case studies, or other sources.Finally, it is important to proofread your essay carefully before submitting it. This means checking for spelling and grammar errors, as well as ensuring that your ideas are presented clearly and coherently. It can also be useful to ask someone else to read your essay and provide feedback, as they may spot mistakes or areas for improvement that you have missed.中文：作为一名高中学生，写技术英语论文可能一开始会让人感到困难。
Introduction to English Technical Writing
Introduction to English TechnicalWriting英文技术写作简介在当今信息爆炸的时代，英文技术写作已经成为了一个不可或缺的技能。
无论是在学术界、商业领域还是科技行业，良好的英文技术写作能力都是非常重要的。
本文将对英文技术写作进行简要介绍，包括其定义、特点以及一些实用的技巧。
首先，什么是英文技术写作？简而言之，英文技术写作是指用英语表达科学、技术或工程领域的专业知识和信息的写作形式。
与一般的写作相比，英文技术写作更加注重准确、清晰和简洁。
由于技术领域的特殊性，英文技术写作需要具备一定的专业知识和术语的理解，以确保信息的准确传达。
英文技术写作的特点之一是简洁性。
在技术写作中，作者应该尽量避免冗长的句子和复杂的词汇。
简洁的表达可以提高读者的阅读效率，并减少误解的可能性。
另外，英文技术写作还应该注重逻辑性和结构性。
文章应该按照清晰的结构和逻辑顺序进行组织，以帮助读者理解和跟随作者的思路。
在进行英文技术写作时，一些实用的技巧可以帮助我们提高写作质量。
首先，选择合适的词汇和术语非常重要。
作者应该避免使用模糊或不准确的词汇，而是使用具体、明确的词汇来传达信息。
此外，使用术语时要确保读者能够理解，或者在文章中进行解释和定义。
其次，良好的文档结构也是英文技术写作的关键。
文章应该包括引言、主体和结论等部分，以确保信息的有序传达。
引言部分应该简要介绍文章的主题和目的，并概述后续内容。
主体部分应该按照逻辑顺序进行组织，每个段落都应该有一个明确的主题句，并提供相关的支持和证据。
结论部分应该总结文章的主要观点，并提供进一步的思考或建议。
此外，英文技术写作还需要注意语法和标点的正确使用。
作者应该避免语法错误和拼写错误，以确保文章的可读性和专业性。
标点符号的正确使用可以帮助读者理解和解读作者的意图，因此也需要特别注意。
最后，英文技术写作需要不断的实践和反思。
通过写作和阅读他人的技术文档，我们可以不断提高自己的写作技巧和表达能力。
English Technical Writing for Faculty
How should the space be used?
• There must be a space after the comma, colon, or semi-colon • There could be either single or multiple spaces after the period
1st 5th
Accept as it is
Eigenfactor Score*
2nd
Re-review with minor revision
Re-review with major revision
Rejection
Common Mistakes
Give up because the comments are too long or difficult
native English-speaking engineering writers Professional English editors cannot recognize
incorrect translations of technical terms Editors with professional background cannot
factor) Data Numbers
16
Format
• Words should be separated. • Paragraphs should be separated.
• ‘Figure’ and ‘Table’ Incorrect: Figure.6, Figure6, Fig.6, Table10, Tbl10 Correct: Figure 6, Fig. 6, Table 10, Tbl. 10
technical writing相关的使用场合
technical writing相关的使用场合技术写作是指将技术信息以清晰、准确、易于理解的方式写出来的一种写作形式。
它通常用于工程领域、科学领域和IT领域等涉及技术和专业知识的领域。
以下是技术写作的一些常见应用场合。
1.技术手册和用户指南：技术手册和用户指南是为用户提供关于产品的详细信息和操作指导的书面材料。
它们通常包括产品规格、技术参数、有效使用方法、故障排除步骤等内容。
这种写作形式需要具备准确性、易读性和易于理解的能力。
2.设计文件：在工程领域，技术写作用于编写设计文件，如设计规范书、图纸和工程说明等。
这些文件包含了设计目标、设计原理和设计过程等信息。
技术写作在这种情况下需要准确地传达设计意图和技术要求。
3.技术报告和论文：技术报告和论文是科学研究和工程项目的重要成果之一。
技术写作在这些文件中起到指导读者理解和复制研究的作用。
它需要详细描述实验过程、结果分析和结论等内容，同时应具备逻辑性和清晰度。
4.用户界面和交互设计：技术写作还与用户界面设计和交互设计相关。
在软件开发和网站建设中，技术写作用于编写应用程序的帮助文档和界面的文字说明。
这种写作形式需要简洁明了，以帮助用户更好地理解和使用软件。
5.培训材料和教学文档：在培训和教育领域，技术写作用于编写培训材料和教学文档。
这些文件需要清晰地传达知识和技能，帮助学习者理解和掌握相关的技术和专业知识。
6.销售和市场推广材料：技术写作还应用于编写销售和市场推广材料，如产品宣传册和销售信件等。
这种写作形式需要用简洁的语言和吸引人的方式介绍产品的特点和优势，以吸引潜在客户。
7.个人博客和技术文章：技术写作也在个人博客和技术文章中得到广泛应用。
技术人员可以通过写作来分享自己的经验和知识，向读者提供有关新技术、最佳实践和问题解决方案的信息。
总之，技术写作在许多领域都有广泛的应用。
无论是在工程、科学、IT还是其他技术相关的领域，技术写作都是一种重要的沟通工具，用于传递技术信息、传播知识和帮助用户理解和应用技术。
科技文写作知识要求(英文版)
Technology Writing Knowledge Requirements In the fast-paced world of technology, being able to effectively communicate ideas and concepts is essential. Whether you are a technical writer, a journalist covering the latest tech trends, or a blogger sharing your expertise, it is important to have a solid understanding of technology writing knowledge requirements. This document will outline key elements and guidelines for writing effective technology articles.Audience AnalysisBefore starting any technology writing project, it is crucial to consider the target audience. Understanding their knowledge level, interests, and needs will help tailor the content to effectively communicate with them. Determine whether the audience is composed of tech-savvy individuals or if they have limited technical knowledge, as this will impact the language, terminology, and level of detail to be included in the article.Clarity and SimplicityWhen writing about complex technology topics, it is essential to simplify and present information in a clear and concise manner. Avoid using jargon, acronyms, or technical terms that may confuse readers. Instead, use simple language and provide definitions or explanations for any technical terms used. Break down complex concepts into smaller, easy-to-understand ideas and use examples or analogies to illustrate key points.ResearchTechnology is ever-evolving, and staying up-to-date with the latest trends and advancements is crucial. Conduct thorough research to gather accurate and reliable information before writing any technology article. Utilize reputable sources such as industry publications, research papers, and expert opinions. Always fact-check and verify information to ensure accuracy and credibility.Structure and OrganizationA well-structured and organized article helps readers navigate the content easily. Start with a catchy title and introduction to grab the reader’s attention and provide an overview of the topic. Use headings and subheadings to break the article into logical sections, making it easier for readers to find specific information. Ensure a logical flow of ideas throughout the article and use transitions to connect different sections.Visuals and MultimediaTechnology often involves complex concepts that can be better understood through visuals. Incorporate relevant images, charts, diagrams, or infographics to enhance understanding and engagement. Use screenshots or videos to demonstrate software tutorials or product reviews. Ensure that visuals are of high quality and properly labeled for clarity.Use of Examples and Case StudiesIncluding real-world examples and case studies can help illustrate the practical applications and benefits of technology. Whether it’s success stories, use cases, or examples of problem-solving, these anecdotes can make the content more relatable and interesting for readers. Ensure that the examples are relevant to the topic being discussed and provide sufficient context for the audience to understand.Formatting and StylingProper formatting and styling can greatly enhance the readability of technology articles. Use bullet points or numbered lists to present information in a concise and organized manner. Emphasize key points or important information using bold or italics. Use appropriate headings and subheadings to structure the content. Separate paragraphs to create visual breaks and make the article less overwhelming.Review and EditingBefore publishing any technology article, it is crucial to review and edit the content for clarity, accuracy, and grammar. Proofread the article to ensure there are no spelling or punctuation errors. Pay attention to sentence structure and ensure the writing is concise and coherent. Consider seeking feedback from peers or professional editors to improve the quality of the article.ConclusionWriting effectively about technology requires a combination of technical knowledge, communication skills, and an understanding of the target audience. By considering the audience, simplifying complex concepts, conducting thorough research, organizing the content, incorporating visuals and examples, and following proper formatting and editing guidelines, technology writers can craft engaging and informative articles that resonate with their readers. Keep these knowledge requirements in mind, and take your technology writing to the next level.。
Introduction to Technical Writing
Writing Effective Sentences
• Choose an appropriate sentence length
– Eliminate verbiage
Verbiage A large number of At this point in time Come in contact with In the event of In some cases In the majority of instances At the same time as Due to the fact that In the near future Efficient Many Now Contact If Sometimes Usually While Because Soon
If any of these documents is not well written, it may result in a loss of money, opportunity, and/or time.
Technical Writing Definition
• Technical writing refers to straightforward explanations and/or instructions dealing with a particular technical subject. The subject being written about may be abstract or tangible. • Technical writing conveys specific information about a technical subject to a specific audience for a specific purpose.
人教版 Unit 9 Technology Writing
Each student can own such a mobile phone with whose help they can listen to music and English programmes, send messages, have classes, take exams and so on. A businessman can have a special mobile phone which can help him to send telegraphs and pictures, buy stocks, hold a multi-side meeting and so on.
also by robots. You can love people, animals and even the surroundings around you. Friendship is also gained by mutual cooperation and strong belief.
March 21, 2374
Dear Q12, My name is Li Xiaojun. I’m a middle school student in Beijing No.4 Middle School. Here I’m writing to you to exchange my opinions of love
Homework
1. Review all the important words and phrases learnt in this unit.
2. Preview the grammar learnt in this
unit.
Thanks for attending!!
TW知识点
Open Questions:1.What is technical writing?TW is the production of instruction manuals and other supporting documents to communicate complex and technical information more easily.The process during technical writing includes developing, gathering, and disseminating technical information among customers, designers, and manufacturers.2.Where is technical writing used?3.Form and Content of TW4.Importance of TW5.Roles in Information Development; Documentation SME; Writing style; Informationpresentation; Technical review 不考6.Gather and analyze technical information 考察7.画图不考8.Document elements rules:给例子判断正误，查找错误。
9.General graphic rules不用记忆。
10.Clarity(判断正误)；规则应用题，如添加小数点等。
11.Admonition：只了解前三个。
12.通过阅读文字，确定哪个是Note哪个是Caution.13.Reference of Table 要注意应用14.Technical Writing Mindset要求理解15.文档架构不考察16.What is single sourcing? 和DITA与XML相关联。
A Guide to Using English for Technical Writing
A Guide to Using English for TechnicalWritingIn today's globalized world, English has become the lingua franca of the scientific and technical community. Whether you are a researcher, engineer, or programmer, the ability to effectively communicate your ideas in English is crucial. In this guide, we will explore some key principles and strategies for using English in technical writing.1. Clarity and Precision:Technical writing requires clarity and precision. Avoid using ambiguous words or phrases that may lead to confusion. Instead, opt for concise and specific language. For example, instead of saying "The experiment was successful," you could say "The experiment yielded consistent and reproducible results."2. Use Active Voice:Using active voice in technical writing makes your sentences more direct and engaging. Passive voice, on the other hand, can make your writing sound impersonal and convoluted. For instance, instead of saying "The software was developed by the team," you could say "The team developed the software."3. Organize Your Ideas:A well-organized document is essential for technical writing. Start with an introduction that clearly states the purpose and scope of your work. Then, divide your content into logical sections and subsections. Each section should have a clear and concise heading that reflects its content. This helps readers navigate through your document more efficiently.4. Use Visuals:Visuals such as graphs, charts, and diagrams can enhance the clarity and understanding of your technical writing. They provide a visual representation of complexdata or concepts. However, ensure that your visuals are labeled properly and have clear captions. This will help readers interpret the information accurately.5. Avoid Jargon and Acronyms:While technical writing often involves specialized terminology, it is important to strike a balance. Avoid excessive use of jargon and acronyms that may confuse or alienate your readers. If you must use technical terms, provide clear definitions or explanations to ensure comprehension.6. Proofread and Edit:Before submitting your technical document, always proofread and edit it for errors and inconsistencies. Pay attention to grammar, spelling, punctuation, and formatting. It is also helpful to have someone else review your work to provide valuable feedback and catch any mistakes you may have missed.7. Be Consistent:Consistency in technical writing is crucial for maintaining clarity and professionalism. Use consistent terminology, formatting, and style throughout your document. This includes consistent use of units of measurement, capitalization, and punctuation. Establishing a style guide or adhering to an existing one can help maintain consistency.8. Consider Your Audience:When writing technical documents, it is important to consider your audience's knowledge and expertise. Avoid assuming prior knowledge and provide sufficient background information when necessary. Additionally, use language that is appropriate for your intended audience. Avoid excessive technical jargon when writing for non-experts, and provide more technical details when writing for fellow professionals.In conclusion, effective technical writing in English requires clarity, precision, and organization. By following these principles and strategies, you can convey your ideas more effectively and make your technical documents more accessible to a wider audience.Remember to proofread, edit, and consider your audience to ensure that your message is communicated accurately and efficiently.。
英文技术写作练习题
Technical Writing（英文技术写作）1、Which of the following is not one of the features of technical documents?A、Clear organizationB、Readable styleC、Effective visualsD、Writer-centeredness答案：D2、One of the purposes of technical writing is to enable people to perform a task or follow a procedure, that is, to __________ your readers.A、informB、instructC、persuadeD、suggest答案：B3、When writing a technical document, keep two audiences in mind. Most documents are geared to an immediate audience of readers. This is your__________ audience.A、primaryB、secondaryC、nontechnicalD、semitechnical答案：A4、________ are those with no specialized training, who look for the big picture instead of complex details. They expect technical data to be translated into words most people understand.A、ExpertsB、Informed personsC、LaypersonsD、Audiences答案：C5、The most emphatic location in a pragraph is the __________ sentence.A、firstB、secondC、lastD、middle答案：A6、__________ is like trying new paint: you do not know whether you like the color until you see it on the wall.A、PlanningB、RevisingC、EditingD、Drafting答案：D7、The purpose of my document is to __________ company employees of the new absentee policy and to __________ them on how to follow the procedures properly.A、inform; instructB、instruct; persuadeC、persuade; suggestD、suggest; inform答案：A8、In most of your writing, you will carry out the task in a process consisting of five steps: planning, drafting, revising, editing and __________.答案：proofreading9、Assessing your audience’s technical background is essential before deciding whether your document should be highly technical ___________, or nontechnical.答案：semi-technical10、Clear writing means that the sentences can be understood in __________ reading.答案：one11、Actually almost every day, we make decisions or take actions that depend on ____________ information.答案：technical12、To help your audience spend less time reading, you must spend more time __________ for a style that is clear, concise, fluent, and appropriate in tone.答案：revising1、The principle of __________ means that related items should be grouped together.A、proximityB、alignmentC、repetitionD、contrast答案：A2、The principle of __________ is that you should treat the same kind of information in the same way to create consistent patterns.A、proximityB、alignmentC、repetitionD、contrast答案：C3、The principle of __________ works in several different ways in technical documents, such as large type with small type, a cool color with a warm color, and etc.A、proximityB、alignmentC、repetitionD、contrast答案：D4、The principle of __________ is what tells the reader that the invisible line connecting the text is much stronger.A、proximityB、alignmentC、repetitionD、contrast答案：B5、We often use __________ tables to compare exact values.A、proseB、numericalC、appendixD、summary答案：B6、__________ charts are used to depict how the phases of a project relate.A、PieB、TreeC、GanttD、Organization答案：C7、Which of the following is serif typeface?A、ArialB、HelveticaC、TahomaD、Times New Roman答案：D8、The four basic principles of __________ are proximity, alignment, repetition and contrast.答案：design9、All typefaces are divided into two broad categories: serif and __________ serif.10、Headers and __________ appear in the top and bottom page margins, respectively to provide chapter or article titles, authors’ names, dates, or other publication information.答案：footers1、Which of the following is the most suitable way for communication between people within an organization?A、MessagingB、MemoC、EmailsD、Microblogs答案：B2、Which of the following is NOT a reason for using moderately formal tone for workplace communication?A、Your documents may be read by your boss.B、Your documents may appear in a court of law.C、Your documents are legally the property of the organization for which you work.D、Your documents will be read by people on the move.答案：D3、Which of the following may hinder goodwill and communicate ineffectively?A、Logical organization.B、Conventional format.C、Sloppy appearance.D、Concise language.答案：C4、Text messages can .A、allow the writer to deal with more than one taskB、increase intimidationC、save more time compared with telephone callD、attach other files5、Text messages may have some potential problems EXCEPT .A、security issuesB、lost productivityC、employee misuseD、easy documentation答案：D6、Which of the following statements is FALSE?A、Abbreviations can be used when the readers can understand such abbreviations.B、Abbreviations can be used to avoid misunderstanding.C、Abbreviations can help people exchange information quickly.D、Abbreviations can help build rapport among colleagues.答案：B7、Which of the following is NOT an advantage of email?A、Email can be easily stored and forwarded.B、Email is useful when people are in different time zones.C、Email is very formal, including detailed attachments for professionals.D、Email provides a company with extensive records for future reference.答案：C8、Which of the following is the best subject line?A、HelloB、IT’S IMPORTANTC、Inquiry about Sunday TrainingD、How are you?答案：C9、If you want to convey your messages effectively, you should .A、establish friendship with your readers in advanceB、follow the email policy of the company your reader is working withC、put the readers’ levels of knowledge into considerationD、communicate more with high-tech readers10、Which of the following is NOT a key point in memos?A、Identification lines.B、Introduction.C、Discussion.D、Complimentary closing.答案：D11、Which of the following can make the memo more reader-friendly?A、Headings.B、Graphics.C、Boldfacing.D、All of the above.答案：D12、If you want to write an effective memo, you should NOT .A、address more than one topicB、keep it brief and to the pointC、provide sufficient informationD、use visuals to display information答案：A1、（注：请直接在任务栏中提交，无需用附件形式提交。
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Metric Ruler
Yellow plastic 30cm metric ruler with bold visual and tactual markings each centimeter and half centimeter. Larger markings each 5cm.
Wikki Stix
Write as if you are providing answers to embedded questions Imagine questions the reader will naturally ask about the system and answer them Anticipate the reader's expectations and fulfill them
Types of Descriptions
Description of features Description of procedure Description of products
Description of External Features
Describes briefly the external features of the product. Can be found in catalogues and order forms. HP refill kit, black, for use in C6615A cartridge.
Achieving Clarity
1. Organize your materials logically:
Answer embedded questions in a logical sequence. Proceed from the simple to the complex & from general concepts to detailed information. Place highly detailed and secondary materials in appendices.
DESKTOP TALKING CALCULATOR Calculator with sloping keypad. Clearly announces all functions and numbers. Functions include addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, percentage and memory.
Writing Style
•Write for your readers •Write to inform, not impress •Less is more
Basic Principles Of Writing Effective Technical Prose Clarity Conciseness Readability Coherence Accuracy & Completeness
What is it like? What is it used for? What are the parts of the product? How do the parts fit together? How does it operate? How do you use it?
Achieving Conciseness
1. Omit unnecessary words: "the fact that," "very rapidly," "the reason for this is because," etc. 2. Replace: future tense (use present tense) passive voice, (is, am, are, was, were and be) weak verbs (forms such as "will," "be," "do," & "make") .
POSTURERITE LAP DESK
TrayTray-style desk that fits user’s lap by way of soft padding underneath the desk. Features a bar at bottom edge of traytraytop to stop books slipping.
Audience: knowledge & background
Highly Technical SemiSemi-Technical NonNon-Technical
Note: aim at lowest level of knowledge among your readers.
Developing Audience Awareness
Achieving Clarity
6. Avoid vague referents, such as “it,” “this,” and “rds with simple words: "later" for "subsequently," "use" for "utilize," etc. 8. Clearly define technical terminology. 9. Summarize complex procedures & ideas in simple lists, diagrams, charts, tables, & other visuals.
2. Use short, simple sentences. 3. Use the active voice.
Achieving Clarity
4. Use punctuation accurately: avoid using dashes, slashes, parenthesis, and other ambiguous punctuation marks. 5. Keep related words together: place modifiers close to the words they modify.
Description of Procedure
Similar to instructions They are mainly intended to give readers an understanding of the general process rather than instructing them how to work through it. See Page 138
Example of passive voice corrected to more concise active voice Passive: Jim is in the process of being kicked by john. Jim is being kicked by john. Jim is kicked by john. Active: John kicks Jim.
Conciseness: Use the Active Voice
Notice that the passive voices always: •Uses the wordy and weak verb “to be” forms instead of strong descriptive verbs. •Uses the past tense verb form instead of the active strong present tense form. •Alters the normal syntax order of “Subject-verbobject” so that the “Subject”-“is acted upon”“by the Object.”
Achieving Readability
Present ideas logically in order of need, function, or complexity
Guide your readers' expectations by using transitional, connecting sentences between paragraphs & sections.
Achieving Readability
Use examples, lists, visuals, illustrations, charts to aid reader comprehension & vary your presentation. Use lots of white space & only a few different type fonts.
Description of Products
Gives detailed information on a product such as:
Appearance Functions Components History
Description of Products
Should ask the basic questions to answer this type of description are:
Method of Development
Different types of descriptions use different methods. Chronological order Sequence Use general definitions Use analogies similes metaphors Comparisons Use illustrations Drawings Diagrams Photographs Charts