Comparison and Contrast
新时代核心英语教程写作2教学课件U11-Comparison-and-contrast
Envy provide insight into two seemingly similar emotions and persuade readers not to be overcome by envy
Activity 1
Examine the following pairs of subjects and decide whether each pair provides a good comparison or contrast. Then make a point. An example has been given for your reference.
4. When two subjects are not very much alike, you may explore the similarities.
Select points for discussion
Select the points you want to discuss by determining your emphasis—on similarities, differences, or both—and the major focus of your essay.
Christmas and the Spring Festival
Contrast or Comparison
To provide insight into two seemingly similar or different festivals
Activity 1
Examine the following pairs of subjects and decide whether each pair provides a good comparison or contrast. Then make a point. An example has been given for your reference.
comparison and contrast对比与对照——商务英语课程
I. John has contempt for money; Mark has respect for money.
II. John buys without hesitation; Mark hesitates and compares prices.
III.John buys what he wants; Mark buys what he can afford.
For the same example, John and Mark, Point-by-point (Horizontal) organization requires that you first write point A about John and Mark, followed with point B about John and Mark and lastly point C about John and Mark.
Block (Vertical) organization requires that you first write about John on points a, b, and c, and then contrast Mark with John on these same points
Decide on the Organization of Comparison/Contin a book is often very different from seeing it as a film. When you read a story, you need to use your imagination. A book usually gives a lot of description about the people, places, and things in the story, so you can create pictures in your mind. In addition, the conversations between people are always written with details that describe how the people look or feel while they are talking. When you read, you use a lot of imagination to help ‘see’ the characters in the story. However, when you see a film, it is a different experience. When you watch a film, you don’t need to use your imagination. The pictures on the screen give all the details about the people, places, and things in the story. The conversations are spoken out loud, so you just listen and watch. The feelings of the people come through their faces, body movements, and voices. Although a book and a film might tell the same story, reading a book and watching a film are very different experiences.
比较与对比写作方法[1]
![比较与对比写作方法[1]](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/9b2b7c125fbfc77da369b19e.png)
Comparison and Contrast比较和对照的写作方法一．目标、重点和难点目标：掌握英语作文中比较和对照的写作方法（比较着重相似点，而对照强调不同之处）；重点：熟悉比较和对照写作方法的特点、模式及相关写作语块（词组、结构及句子）；难点：训练学生对作文主题的思维拓展以及相关语言表达的总结。
二. 基本Comparison and Contrast的写作方法1. Definition: Comparison and contrast come in three different ways.1) Comparison: You are asked to explain how two or more things are alike.2) Contrast: You are asked to explain how two or more things are different.3) Comparison and contrast: You are asked to explain how two or more thingsare alike and different.2. An ExampleHere are two different ways (T-Chart and Venn Diagram) to organize information. As an example, we will look at the Smilodon and the Caribou -- two animals that lived during the Ice Ages.1) The T-Chart:Smilodon CaribouCharacteristicsenvironment the Arctic the Arcticdiet meat plantsweapons teeth, claws antlers, hoovesteeth sharp, pointed blunt, roundedanimal group mammal mammalwhen it lived Ice Ages Ice Ages/present2) The Venn Diagram:Questions：1) Compare: How were the caribou and the smilodon alike?The caribou and the smilodon were both mammals. The smilodon lived in the Arctic regions during the Ice Ages, as did the caribou. Like the smilodon, the caribou was able to protect itself from predators.)2) Contrast: How were the smilodon and caribou different?Although the caribou and the smilodon were both mammals, they were very different in many ways. The caribou was a plant-eater, unlike the smilodon, which ate meat. The caribou had blunt, rounded teeth for eating plants, whereas the smilodon had sharp, pointed ones. The smilodon became extinct at the end of the Ice Ages, in contrast to the caribou, which still lives in the Arctic regions today.三．使用比较和对照写作方法的一般是说明文与论说文，常见的比较对照有两种方式:1. 块状比较方式（block method），先A后B，即A1, A2, A3...；B1，B2，B3...。
comparison and contrast(比较和对比)
Comparison and ContrastComparison and contrast are two different kinds of writing and thinking ways in my opinion and which make sense not only in passages but also in real life.In the field of writing, an excellent comparison and contrast essay requires us to analyze objects or concepts and explain the similarities or differences well between them. For example, an essay might examine how high school is like and not like college or how the causes of World War I and II were different and similar. The thesis for a comparison and contrast essay explains the essay's purpose and organization in one concise sentence. So it is very important to understand clearly the structure and topic of this kind of essay.Before discussing obvious similarities and differences of objects or concepts, we must figure out what the topic we want to come up with is and how to make essay interesting with the topic. And then, we’d Put our specific points together to create a thesis for our comparison and contrast essay. As soon as we can master above writing points and practice again and again, we will write a great passage with satisfaction.The same as essay, our normal life would get smoother with this logical thought. Especially in nowadays, information in net is multiple. Normal people can hardly recognize what the truth and fake is. If we put this thinking way to use to compare and contrast two and even more news or affairs, we’d picture a clear image in our mind and live more sanely and intelligently.Essay or life, comparison and contrast are practical and suited to use. And make it well, you will get progress in yourself as well as a fresh feeling you’ve never owned.。
ComparisonandContrast比较和对比
Comparison and Contrast1. A comparison explains how things are similar, and a contrast, how they are different.Principles of selection and development in writing a comparison and contrast paper:1)Only items (usually two) of the same general class can be compared/ contrasted.2)A comparison and contrast essay usually follows one of these two patterns, thesubject-by-subject pattern or the point-by-point pattern.In the former pattern, the writer discusses the various aspects of one item before going on the other; while in the latter case, the writer discusses both items under each of the various aspects compared/ contrasted.2. Mode 1: (better in short essays, where few aspects are considered, or where the writer’s interest is on the whole.)I Topic SentenceII Subject 1A characteristic 1B characteristic 2C characteristic 3,4,5…III Subject 2A characteristic 1B characteristic 2C characteristic 3,4,5…IV Concluding SentencesMode 2: (preferable in long essays where many aspects are mentioned)I Topic SentenceII Characteristic 1A Subject 1B Subject 2 (in comparison/ contrast to A Subject 1)III Characteristic 2A Subject 1B Subject 2IV Characteristic 3A Subject 1B Subject 2V Concluding Sentence3. Example 1:I IntroductionII Discussing Object A------Beijing JeepA Point 1------PriceB Point 2------Options A vailableC Point 3------Gas MileageD Point 4------Frequency of RepairIII Discussing Object B------ Shanghai SuntanaA Point 1------PriceB Point 2------Options A vailableC Point 3------Gas MileageD Point 4------Frequency of RepairIV ConclusionExample 2:I IntroductionII Point 1-------PriceA Discussing Object A------Beijing JeepB Discussing Object B------Shanghai SuntanaIII Point 2------Options A vailableA Discussing Object A------Beijing JeepB Discussing Object B------Shanghai SuntanaIV Point 3------Gas MileageA Discussing Object A------Beijing JeepB Discussing Object B------Shanghai SuntanaV Point 4------Frequency of RepairA Discussing Object A------Beijing JeepB Discussing Object B------Shanghai SuntanaVI Conclusion4. Useful Expressions in Comparison Essay:1) Both X and Y are _________.2) X and Y have/ seem to have/ seemed to have/ happen to have sth in common/ much in common/ some features in common/ many features in common/ some common features.3) X and Y are/ seem to be/ happen to be basically/ essentially/ to certain extent the same.4) In the same way X ________, Y __________.5) X corresponds to ___________.6) A comparison between X and Y demonstrates/ results in/ reveals/ suggests/ shows/ seems interesting.7) X is like Y in ____________.Useful Expressions in Contrastive Essay:1)X is different from Y.2)X differs from Y.3)X and Y differ/ seem to differ as far as the main postulates are concerned.4)There are some/ a great difference between X and Y.5)In contrast to X, Y __________.6)Unlike X, Y __________.7)Whereas/ While/ Whilst X ___________, Y ____________.8)X ___________ in contrast, Y __________.9)Y __________, while/ whereas/ whilst on the other hand, X ___________.5. Some transitions used in comparison:both, each, at the same time, similarly, like, likewise, as, too, also, compared with, etc.Some transitions used in Contrast:on the other hand, on the contrary, in contrast (with/ to), instead (of), the opposite (of), unlike, although, while, whereas, but, however, yet, nevertheless, etc.6. Example: Traditional Family and Modern FamilyI Similarities (general idea)A Nuclear FamilyB The Role of FatherC The Role of MotherII DifferencesA The Man Role1.Traditional Family: Head of the household (work outside)Modern Family: Both work2.Traditional Family: Man makes big decisionModern family: Shared by couples3.Traditional Family: Man not help with houseworkModern Family: Shared by couplesB The Women’s Role1.Traditional Family: Quit for birthModern Family: Work after birth2.Traditional Family: Live on man’s incomeModern Family: Live on her own incomeC The Role of Children1.Traditional Family: Taken care by motherModern Family: Child-care centre2.Traditional Family: School-age children dependentModern Family: School-age children independent6. Exercises1)Travelling by Train and by Plane2)Chinese and Western Medicine or Food。
Unit 3 Comparison and Contrast
Task 1: Familiarizing Yourself with Comparison & Contrast
Reading 1 Electric Vehicles and Gas Vehicles
Questions: (P66) 3) What are the similarities and differences between the two subjects? Differences: c. Cost EV--$6 to $12 a week GV---$5 a gallon d. Convenience GV---many people and much energy are used to refuel EV---only need to plug and recharge it into an outlet
Task 1: Familiarizing Yourself with Comparison
& Contrast
Reading 1
Electric Vehicles and Gas Vehicles (P66)
New Words: 1) Electric vehicle=电动汽车 2) Gas vehicle=燃油汽车 3) Auto industry=汽车产业 4) Churn out=快速且大量地生产 5) Dodge Circuit EV=道奇电路电动车 (electric-powered) 6) Dodge Challenger=道奇挑战者 (gas-powered) 7) Muscle car=肌肉车 8) Bold look=狂野的外形 9) Standard feature=标准配置 10) lithium-ion battery=锂电池
Comparison and Contrast
充分地，显著地
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ 短
远远地在后面
Ⅲ
Ⅳ
Ⅴ
• There are two general kinds of steel: carbon steel and alloy steel. Carbon steel contains only iron and carbon, while alloy steel contains other elements as well, such as nickel, chromium, tungsten, etc. The properties of carbon steels, notably strength and hardness, depend on the amount of carbon they contain. Low carbon steel is relatively soft and weak; medium carbon steel is both harder and stronger than low carbon steel, while high carbon steel is the hardest and strongest.
• The additional elements of alloy steel make it not only stronger and harder than carbon steel, but resistant to rust as well. For the latter reason, alloy steel is also called stainless steel.
Comparison and Contrast（比较和对比）
• 英语科技说明文中，对事物进行分类和比较与对 比是联系很紧密的两个方面。因为，对事物进行 分类后，客观上必然要对它们进行比较与对比。 对事物进行分类时，采用的作法是，对事物分类
Comparison and Contrast (对比与比较)
4. Tips of writing comparison and contrast
1) Only items of the same general class 2) Comparison/ contrast essay usually follows one of the two patterns mentioned above. 3) The two items being compared/ contrasted should be balanced and given equal treatment. 4) Concrete and relevant facts should be used to support the comparison/ contrast. 5) Similarities and differences are presented for a special purpose.
Unit 13
Expostion (4) Comparison and Contrast (对比与 比较)
Proverb
Walls have ears. 隔墙有耳。
2. Purpose of writing comparison and contrast
1. to show that A is better than B 2. to show differences between seemingly similar items. 3. to show similarities between seemingly different items. 4. to show both differences and similarities between two items. 5. to present similarities and differences between two items for a special purpose.
Unit 4 写作技巧之comparison and contrast-高中英语上外版2020必修三
Finally， a concluding sentence （结束句） —— whether a restatement， conclusion， or observation—— ends the paragraph. The essay， too， has a concluding
paragraph which ends the essay logically and satisfactorily. Although there are some exceptions （例外）， most well written expository （说明文的） paragraphs and essays are
What is the argumentative article made up of ?
Topics or situation Opinions and reasons conclusion
个人观点：It’sno easy task to find a satisfactory answer to the issue.As for me,there’s some truth to both arguments.It’s advisable to ________.
范文赏析
My View on Studying Abroad
常见句型 表明观点：When it comes to
_________,different people hold different views. 展示观点：Some contend that ________.For
one thing,________.For another,_________.In spite of all these claims,others maintain that _________.They point out that _________.Another instance often cited is that ________.
大学英语专业写作5-comparison and contrast
Balance ideas
• As you begin to organize your writing, it's important to make sure that you balance the information about the items that you're comparing and contrasting. • You need to be sure that you give them equal time and space in what you write. • If you cover characters, settings, and historical accuracy for the book, for instance, you need to be sure that you cover the same elements for the movie.
Choosing items
• When you choose items to compare and contrast, make sure that you choose items that have similarities. • You have to choose things that will make sense for comparison and contrast. For instance, it wouldn't make sense to compare a truck with a birdhouse. • Be sure to compare things that belong together. Compare trucks and cars.
英语作文中比较和对照的写作方法
Comparison and Contrast比较和对照的写作方法目标：掌握英语作文中比较和对照的写作方法（比较着重相似点，而对照强调不同之处）；二．使用比较和对照写作方法的一般是说明文与论说文，常见的比较对照有两种方式:1. 块状比较方式（block method），先A后B，即A1, A2, A3...；B1，B2，B3...。
2. 逐点比较方式（point-by-point method），AB交错，即A1，B1；A2，B2；A3，B3...。
范文一：Country Life and City LifeIt is really hard to say which is better than the other, city life or rural life.Both have their merits and shortcomings.Living in the city has a great many advantages. First, you can enjoy various kinds of foods, both foreign and domestic. Second, there are morecultural activities in the city – you can go to the concert, the theatre, the movies or the disco club after a day’s hard work. But city life has many problems, too.The overcrowded population, traffic jam, industrial pollution, and the lack of understanding between people may result in disease and unhappiness. Living in the country, however, you can watch the magnificent sunrise and sunset and listen to the bird singing in the tree. If you want, you can certainly have a huge garden when a small green space seems a luxury in the city. In the country, you don’t have so mucn worr ies. You can enjoy the pleasure of work by planting seeds in the earth and watching them grow into flowers and finally into fruits or food. But rural life may not be that perfect. Things are going so slowly that sometimes you may feel that you are absolute left behind in some remotecorners of the world. You may again miss the parties, friends and movies in the city.Like anything else, country life and city life have their advantages and disadvantages. The best solution may be that you enjoy pleasures of both lives and get rid of their inconveniences.范文二：Middle School Life and College LifeThere are many differences between middle school and the college. First，in middle school，we have to listen to what the teacher says in class, tounderstand the content of the text. But in college，we must study by ourselves before class. If not，we couldn't follow the teacher. Second，there are lots of rules in middle school. For example，we should wear the uniform，the girls must have their hair cut short，and we are not allowed to make boy- orgirlfriends. However，in college，we have more freedom. We can wear the clothes we like. And the girls could have long beautiful hair. We are also free to make boy or girlfriends. The third，in the middle school，we must study first.That means we could do nothing but study. In contrast，we have to doeverything by ourselves in college. That means we must plan our time carefully.There are also other differences between our school life and our college life.We have to learn to adapt ourselves to college life.三．写作步骤1. 写前阶段：写作提纲1) 对两个对象或一个对象的两个方面进行比较与对照分析，找出相似点/不同之处。
Comparison-and-Contrast
Comparison and Contrast比较和对照的写作方法A Brief IntroductionDefinitions of comparison and contrast comparison: You are asked to explain how two or more things are alike. Contrast: You are asked to explain how two or more things are different.一．目标：掌握英语作文中比较和对照的写作方法（比较着重相似点，而对照强调不同之处）；二．使用比较和对照写作方法的一般是说明文与论说文，常见的比较对照有两种方式:1. 块状比较方式（block presentation or the subject-by-subject），先A后B，即A1, A2, A3...；B1，B2，B3...。
2. 逐点比较方式（alternating presentation or the point-by-point），AB交错，即A1，B1；A2，B2；A3，B3...。
Comparison and contrast is a method that is often used by writers to analyze the similarities and differences between two subjects. To compare isto bring out the similarities between two things，and to contrast，which is a form of comparison，is to emphasize the differences between them. As a result，we can understand the two subjects better than we would do if we just examine the two individually.In writing a comparison and contrast essay，you may emphasize either the similarities or the differences between the two subjects，or if you like，you may include in your essay both the similarities and differences. No matter what you may emphasize in your essay，remember you should make a point in your essay，that is，there should be a purpose for making the comparison and the contrast. If the two items are too similar or too different，there won’t be any point in comparing or contrasting them.Three purposes for making a comparison and contrast:A. To present information about something unfamiliar by comparing it with something familiar.B. To show the superiority of one thing by comparing it with another.C. To show the reader of the similarities and differences of two things to help the reader understand or evaluate them.The organization of a comparison and contrast essay：A .How to introduce a comparison and contrast essayYou can introduce your comparison and contrast essay by explaining clear your purpose for making the comparison and/or contrast. You can also present the background information that promotes you to write the essay.B. How to organize the body of a comparison and contrast essay：When you come to the body of a comparison and contrast essay，you should follow the following two steps：Identifying the points：If you don’t know what points to compare and/or contrast about the subjects，you can create a list of potential points for each of the subjects. Then you can rearrange these points.2. Choosing an effective pattern to organize the similarities and differences. a）The subject-by-subject pattern：to present each of the two subjects separately，that is，to present first about one of the subjects，covering the points completely，then proceed to the other subject，also covering all thepoints completely. In general，this way works better in short essays where few aspects are considered，or where the writer’s interest is in the whole. Its pattern is like the following：b）The point-by-point pattern：to discuss the two subjects for each point of comparison and contrast，that is，you write about the first point in terms of the similarities and differences between the two subjects，then proceed to the next point，and so on. This way is preferable in long essays where many aspects are mentioned，for a long discussion of the various aspects of one item puts too much burden on the reader’s memory. Its pattern is like the following：c）The sim-diff pattern：The writer puts all the similarities between the subjects together and all the differences together. This technique is suitable for those subjects whose similarities and differences are more balanced. In an essay using this pattern to organize the body part，the whole essay will be arranged in the following way：IntroductionSimilaritiesDifferencesConclusionC. How to end a comparison and contrast essay：Your conclusion should help your readers draw conclusions. You may propose an action，stimulate the reader or make a generalization. You can also restate your purpose in a fresh way.Country Life and City LifeIt is really hard to say which is better than the other, city life or rural life. Both have their merits and shortcomings.Living in the city has a great many advantages. First, you can enjoy various kinds of foods, both foreign and domestic. Second, there are more cultural activities in the city –you can go to the concert, the theatre, the movies or the disco club after a day’s hard work. But city life has many problems, too. The overcrowded population, traffic jam, industrial pollution, and the lack of understanding between people may result in disease and unhappiness. Living in the country, however, you can watch the magnificent sunrise and sunset and listen to the bird singing in the tree. If you want, you can certainly have a huge garden when a small green space seems a luxury in the city. In the country, you don’t have so much worries. You can enjoy the pleasure of work by planting seeds in the earth and watching them grow into flowers and finally into fruits or food. But rural life may not be that perfect. Things are going so slowly that sometimes you may feel that you are absolute left behind in some remote corners of the world. You may again miss the parties, friends and movies in the city.Like anything else, country life and city life have their advantages and disadvantages. The best solution may be that you enjoy pleasures of both lives and get rid of their inconveniences.Middle School Life and College LifeThere are many differences between middle school and the college. First，in middle school，we have to listen to what the teacher says in class, to understand the content of the text. But in college，we must study by ourselves before class. If not，we couldn't follow the teacher. Second，there are lots of rules in middle school. For example，we should wear the uniform，the girls must have their hair cut short，and we are not allowed to make boy- or girlfriends. However，in college，we have more freedom. We can wear the clothes we like. And the girls could have long beautiful hair. We are also free to make boy or girlfriends. The third，in the middle school，we must study first. That means we could do nothing but study.In contrast，we have to do everything by ourselves in college. That means we must plan our time carefully. There are also other differences between our school life and our college life. We have to learn to adapt ourselves to college life.三．写作步骤1. 写前阶段：写作提纲1) 对两个对象或一个对象的两个方面进行比较与对照分析，找出相似点/不同之处。
comparison and contrast对比 英文写作
Brainstorming Drafting Revising
Suggested Activities/Homework
顾客导向、科技领航、全面管理、精益求精
What You Should Know
Comparison-contrast is a common method of development that involves focusing on similarities and differences---or more likely on one or the other---in order to make a point.
When a writer is comparing, he is pointing out the similarities that exist between subjects or items (such as persons, things, or ideas).
When a writer is contrasting, he is pointing out the differences between subjects or items, even the two different aspects of the same subject (e.g., the advantages vs. the disadvantages of a perso顾n客al导向c、om科p技u领t航er、)全.面管理、精益求精
buying a car vs. leasing a car oranges and bananas Shakespeare and Lu Xun a musician and an architect
comparison and contrast
Useful Expressions
likewise, similarly, in the same way, on the other hand, by comparison, instead, whereas, however, nevertheless, conversely, in the same manner, (后面用逗号,不加名词或句子) like, unlike, compare with,, in contrast to, on the contrary,, yet, while, although, even though, different from, equally important, in spite of, but, so despite, (后面加名词或句子)
Two patterns
1. point-by-point style (逐点比较) 对两项或多项事的异同之处逐点进行比较对照 A1，B1； A2，B2； A3，B3；… 2.block style(整体对照) 对两项或多项事物的异同之处逐项进行比较对照 A1，A2，A3； B1，B2，B3；…
1.
point-by-point style (逐点比较) A1，B1； A2，B2； A3，B3；…
Railways and Automobile Roads Some people say that railways are more important than automobile roads. But in my opinion, automobile roads and railways complement each other. Railways do not touch small places , while automobile roads can be constructed to reach every place, even villages situated in remote corners of the country. Railways are constructed only for the trains, but roads will prove equally useful for bicycles, carriages and other kinds of vehicles. The cost of building automobile roads is also much lower than that of building railways.
英语论文写作--主体段落写作
注意
• 所谓的意义的一致性指的是所有的扩展 句都必须是分论点的延伸或者证明，它 对主题句能起到支持的作用。否则，这 样的扩展句就应当删除掉。 • 但是只有内容上的一致性还不足以保证 能写出一个好的段落。在行文过程中作 者还要注意各个句子的正确、紧凑安排 ，也就是要保证意义的连贯性。
拓展过程中经常出现的问题：
常用于列举法的过渡连接词
• first, second, third, etc.; • in the first place, in the second place; first of all, first and foremost; to begin with, to start with; for one thing, • for another; also, besides, furthermore, moreover, in addition, what is more; above all; next; beyond that; initially; • eventually, last but not least…..
比较对照法comparisonandcontrast定义比较对照法由比较和对照两部分组成但两者往往一起用以阐述两者或者更多事物间的异同常用亍说明文和议论文写作
主体段落拓展
主体段落的结构
• 开头段（文章总论点） • 主体段 分论点1+拓展句a+拓展句b+...... 分论点2+拓展句c+拓展句d+...... 分论点3+拓展句e+拓展句f+...... • 结尾段
分论点句
1) Incomplete sentences 2)Should not be a question 3) Should not contain phrases like “I think”, “In my opinion”, etc.
大学英语四级作文指导之Comparison and Contrast
30分钟作文
Directions: Write a composition on the topic
More Social Practice or More Certificates
You should write at least 150 words, and base on the following outline:
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic High Salaries or Career Development? You should write at least 150 words according to the outline given below in Chinese:
【写作思路】
第一段:提出两种不同的观点——追求高工资与 注重事业发展。 第二段:说明各自的理由。 第三段:支持第二种观点:立足长远，注重事业发
展。
1. 现在不少大学生非常重视社会实 践活动； 2. 但是仍有许多学生以学习为重 认为获取更多的证书才要紧； 请 3. 你的看法
-social practice -part-time job, volunteer -contact society -practical expus training programs -apply for different certificates -getting more certificates to improve competence
The point-by-point mode
one identifies several important points to compared and contrasted. the first supporting paragraph compare and contrast the two things according to the first point. And then, the second paragraph compare and contrast the two things according to the second point, and so on.
雅思写作常用比较关系的连接词
雅思写作常用比较关系的连接词雅思写作常用比较关系的连接词Comparison and contrast 对比关系标志词While …,whereas…,whilst…,in contraste.g. Whereas/ while modern man is so rushed and so stressed, our ancestors could often perform their business in a rela某ed manner.(对比)现代人的生活是如此的奔忙与紧张，而我们的祖先却可以不慌不忙的从事他们的事务。
e.g. The educational and medical facilities in big cities are mostly very advanced. In contrast, their counterparts in the country tend to be of inferior quality.雅思写作中的11种连接词总结一、And 并列关系(and)in addition/and/similarly/likewise/as wellas/besides/furthermore/also/moreover/too/not only ...but/even/besides this/that二、Sequence 顺序 (then)出现的时候表示列举first/initially/second etc./to begin with/then/ne某t/earlier/later/following this/that/afterwards三、Consequence 结果 (so)前面是后面的结果/也就是这些词后面就开始给出结论了as a result/thus/so/therefore/consequently/it followsthat/thereby/eventually/in that case/admittedly四、Contrast 转折 (but )表对前面论述的转折/一般后面才是作者观点however/on the other hand/despite/in spiteof/though/although/but/on the contrary/otherwise/yet/insteadof/rather/whereas/nonetheless/in contrast1. for one thing, for another, above all things;2. to begin/start with, ne某t/besides/moreover, last/finally;3. in the first place, in the second, in the third, (and) best of/worst of all;4. one of these, another,(there is) stillanother(reason/factor);1. 首先;其次;重要的是;2. 首先;然后/此外/而且;后;3. ，首先;第二;第三;好的是/糟糕的是;4. 其中一个;另一个;还有一个(原因/因素);五、Certainty 确定 (of course)强烈的确定/后面是作者的坚定论点obviously/certainly/plainly/of course/undoubtedly六、Condition 条件/ 因为 (if )后面跟随着某种情况发生的前提或者是条件。
comparison_and_contrast
comparing it with something familiar to show the superiority of one thing by comparing it with another to show the similarities or differences of two things to help the reader evaluate them.
目标：掌握英语作文中比较和对照的写作方法 （比较着重相似点，而对照强 调不同之处）； 二．使用比较和对照写作方法的一般是说明文与 论说文，常见的比较对照有两种方式1. 块状比较方式block method在比较的过程中先A 后B即A1.A2.A3.再描述B1.B2.B3 2. point by point 即alternating comparison 在 比较的过程中AB 交替，A1，B1 ,A2，B2….
2 All about Topic Y A, point of Comparison / Contrast Y1 B, point of Comparison / Contrast Y2 C, point of Comparison / Contrast Y3
两种形式：
Point – by – point Style 基本结构； 1.point of Comparison / Contrast (1) A, Topic X B, Topic Y 2.point of Comparison / Contrast (2) A, Topic X B, Topic Y
VII. Indicators of contrast
1.
2. 3.
4.
5.
6.
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
c） The sim-diff pattern： The writer puts all the similarities between the subjects together and all the differences together. This technique is suitable for those subjects whose similarities and differences are more balanced. In an essay using this pattern to organize the body part， the whole essay will be arranged in the following way：
Comparison and contrast is a method that is often used by writers to analyze the similarities and differences between two subjects. To compare isto bring out the similarities between two things， and to contrast， which is a form of comparison， is to emphasize the differences between them. As a result， we can understand the two subjects better than we would do if we just examine the two individually.
Introduction
Similarities
Differences
Conclusion
C. How to end a comparison and contrast essay：
Your conclusion should help your readers draw conclusions. You may propose an action， stimulate the reader or make a generalization. You can also restate your purpose in a fresh way.
Comparison and Contrast
比较和对照的写作方法
A Brief Introduction
Definitions of comparison and contrast comparison: You are asked to explain how two or more things are alike.
Three purposes for making a comparison and contrast:
A. To present information about something unfamiliar by comparing it with something familiar.
B. To show the superiority of one thing by comparing it with another.
1. 块状比较方式（block presentation or the subject-by-subject），先A后B，即A1, A2, A3...；B1，B2，B3...。
2. 逐点比较方式（alternating presentation or the point-by-point），AB交错，即A1，B1；A2，B2；A3，B3...。
A .How to introduce a comparison and contrast essay
You can introduce your comparison and contrast essay by explaining clear your purpose for making the comparison and/or contrast. You can also present the background information that promotes you to write the essay.
Contrast: You are asked to erent.
一．目标：掌握英语作文中比较和对照的写作方法（比较着重相似点，而对照强调不同之处）；
二．使用比较和对照写作方法的一般是说明文与论说文，常见的比较对照有两种方式:
C. To show the reader of the similarities and differences of two things to help the reader understand or evaluate them.
The organization of a comparison and contrast essay：
b） The point-by-point pattern： to discuss the two subjects for each point of comparison and contrast， that is， you write about the first point in terms of the similarities and differences between the two subjects， then proceed to the next point， and so on. This way is preferable in long essays where many aspects are mentioned， for a long discussion of the various aspects of one item puts too much burden on the reader’s memory. Its pattern is like the following：
Identifying the points： If you don’t know what points to compare and/or contrast about the subjects， you can create a list of potential points for each of the subjects. Then you can rearrange these points.
B. How to organize the body of a comparison and contrast essay：
When you come to the body of a comparison and contrast essay， you should follow the following two steps：
Country Life and City Life
It is really hard to say which is better than the other, city life or rural life. Both have their merits and shortcomings.
Living in the city has a great many advantages.First, you can enjoy various kinds of foods, both foreign and domestic. Second, there are more cultural activities in the city – you can go to the concert, the theatre, the movies or the disco club after a day’s hard work. But city life has many problems, too. The overcrowded population, traffic jam, industrial pollution, and the lack of understanding between people may result in disease and unhappiness.Living in the country, however,you can watch the magnificent sunrise and sunset and listen to the bird singing in the tree. If you want, you can certainly have a huge garden when a small green space seems a luxury in the city. In the country, you don’t have so much worries. You can enjoy the pleasure of work by planting seeds in the earth and watching them grow into flowers and finally into fruits or food. But rural life may not be that perfect. Things are going so slowly that sometimes you may feel that you are absolute left behind in some remote corners of the world. You may again miss the parties, friends and movies in the city.