考研英语阅读讲义
考研英语阅读总课件-(多场景)
考研英语阅读总课件一、引言考研英语作为研究生入学考试的重要组成部分，对于考生而言，英语阅读理解能力的提高至关重要。
本课件旨在帮助考生掌握考研英语阅读的技巧和方法，提高阅读理解能力，从而在考试中取得优异成绩。
二、考研英语阅读题型及解题策略1.题型概述考研英语阅读主要包括完型填空、阅读理解两部分。
其中，阅读理解部分包括多项选择题和简答题两种题型。
2.解题策略（1）完型填空完型填空主要考查考生对英语文章的整体理解和细节把握能力。
解题时，考生应通读全文，把握文章主旨和大意。
然后，针对每个空格，结合上下文语境，分析选项的词义、词性和搭配，选出最佳答案。
（2）阅读理解①确定题型：判断题目是事实细节题、推理判断题还是主旨大意题；②寻找定位：根据题目中的关键词，在文章中找到与之对应的信息；③分析选项：对比选项，排除干扰项，确定正确答案；④核对答案：将所选答案代入原文，检查是否符合文章内容。
三、考研英语阅读技巧1.提高词汇量词汇是英语阅读的基础，考生应通过大量阅读，积累词汇量。
同时，要学会根据上下文推测词义，提高阅读速度。
2.培养语感语感是指对英语句子结构的敏感度。
考生在日常学习中，要多读、多背、多模仿，培养良好的语感。
3.提高阅读速度①扫读：快速浏览文章，把握文章结构和主旨；②精读：针对重点段落和句子，仔细阅读，理解文章细节；③跳读：根据题目要求，有针对性地查找信息。
4.学会做笔记在阅读过程中，要学会做笔记，将关键信息、重要观点和生词记录下来，方便做题时查找。
四、考研英语阅读训练方法1.大量阅读考生应充分利用课余时间，阅读各类英语文章，如新闻、科普、文学等，提高阅读理解能力。
2.做真题研究历年考研英语阅读真题，总结出题规律和答题技巧，提高实战能力。
3.模拟考试定期进行模拟考试，检验自己的阅读水平，发现问题，及时调整学习方法。
五、总结考研英语阅读理解能力的提高需要考生在日常学习中不断积累和练习。
本课件旨在为考生提供一种有效的学习方法，帮助考生掌握阅读技巧，提高阅读速度和理解能力。
03.考研英语二阅读讲义-语意理解题
考研英语二阅读讲义语义理解题（词汇题、指代题、句子理解题）【大纲要求】根据上下文推测生词词义。
【题型界定】语义理解题考查考生根据上下文推断单词、短语和句子意思的能力，可细分为词汇题、指代题和句子理解题三类。
词汇题所考查的词汇多为超纲词和熟词僻义词，指代题往往问代词指代对象，句子理解题多考作者表述或引用他人某一句话的用意，有时这句话会以比喻或类比等形式出现。
【题干特征】The word/phrase“…”(Line X,Paragraph X)most probably means____________.Which of the following best defines the word“…”(Line X,Paragraph X)?The sentence“…”(Line X,Paragraph X)shows that____________.“This”refers to(Line X,Paragraph X)____________.【词汇题】【解题思路】逻辑关系法1.反义（转折）关系常见引导词：but yet however on the other hand while not ande.g.He is so homely，not as handsome as his brother【词汇题】【解题思路】逻辑关系法2.同义关系常见引导词：and ore.g.job and occupation3.定义关系常见引导词：that is，callede.g.The food is hard but brittle，that is，it can break easily.例题一【2010-2】例：27.Judging from the context,the phrase“wreaking havoc”(Line2,Para.2)most probably means_______.［A］generating motivation［B］exerting influence［C］causing damage［D］creating pressure原文①This episode crystallizes the irony that although American men tend to talk more than women in public situations,they often talk less at home.②And this pattern is wreaking havoc with marriage.①The pattern was observed by political scientist Andrew Hacker in the late1970s.②Sociologist Catherine Kohler Riessman reports in her new book Divorce Talk that most of the women she interviewed—but only a few of the men—gave lack of communication as the reason for their divorces.③Given the current divorce rate of nearly50percent,that amounts to millions of cases in the United States every year—a virtual epidemic of failed conversation.例题二【2012-4】例：36.By saying“to find silver linings”（Para.2）the author suggests that the jobless try to_________.[A]seek subsidies from the government[B]make profits from the troubled economy[C]explore reasons for the unemployment[D]look on the bright side of the recession原文①No one tries harder than the jobless to find silver linings in this national economic disaster.②Many said that unemployment,while extremely painful,had improved them in some ways: they had become less materialistic and more financially prudent;they were more aware of the struggles of others.③In limited respects,perhaps the recession will leave society better off.④At the very least,it has awoken us from our national fever dream of easy riches and bigger houses,and put a necessary end to an era of reckless personal spending.例题三【2016-1】例：25.The word“coax”(Para.6)is closest in meaning to____.A.persuadeB.frightenC.misguideD.Challenge原文①Indeed,the Flatiron students might not go into IT at all.②But creating a future army of coders is not the sole purpose of the classes.③These kids are going to be surrounded by computers—in their pockets,in their offices,in their homes—for the rest of their lives.④The younger they learn how computers think,how to coax the machine into producing what they want—the earlier they learn that they have the power to do that—the better.【指代题】【解题思路】(1)返回原文，找到该指代词(2)向上搜索，找最近的名词，名词性短语或句子(3)将找到的词、词组或者句子带入替换该指代词，看其意思是否通顺“向上搜索，进行带入”例题一【2013-2】例：26.“Birds of passage”refers to those who.[A]stay in a foreign country temporarily[B]leave their home countries for good[C]immigrate across the Atlantic[D]find permanent jobs overseas原文①A century ago,the immigrants from across the Atlantic included settlers and sojourners.②Along with the many folks looking to make a permanent home in the United States came those who had no intention to stay,and who would make some money and then go home.③Between1908and1915,about7million people arrived while about2million departed.④About a quarter of all Italian immigrants,for example,eventually returned to Italy for good.⑤They even had an affectionate nickname,“uccelli di passaggio,”birds of passage.【句子理解题】【大纲要求】理解句子在文中的含义【句子理解题】【解题思路】返回原文，找到该句，根据上下文的逻辑关系进行推断（即考虑该句所在段落中句与句的逻辑关系），或直接结合文章主旨题解题。
04.考研英语二阅读讲义-篇章结构题
考研英语二阅读讲义篇章结构题（例证题&文章续写题）【例证题】通常情况下，例证题考查例子在文章中的作用。
根据例子在文章中所处的不同位置，将例证题进一步划分为1.开头举例2.细节例证3.全文例证【例证题-开头举例】1.例子的标志：(1)example,case,story(2)人名，数字，话语（直接引语&间接引语）2.题干特征：提问写作意图…is mentioned/noted to suggest that___.The example of…is used to show___.3.解题总则：开头举例目的是为了引出主题。
4.解题技巧开头举例型文章的主题在第一段结尾或第二段开头【典型例题】【2003-1】英一例：42.Donovan's story is mentioned in the text to_.[A]introduce the topic of online spying[B]show how he fought for the US[C]give an episode of the information war[D]honor his unique services to the CIA原文：Wild Bill Donovan would have loved the Internet.The American spymaster who built the Office of Strategic Services in the World WarⅡand later laid the roots for the CIA was fascinated with information....These days the Net,...,is reshaping Donovan‘s vocation as well.【典型例题】【2006-3】英一例：31.The extinction of large prehistoric animals is noted to suggest that_____[A]large animals were vulnerable to the changing environment[B]small species survived as large animals disappeared[C]large sea animals may face the same threat today[D]slow-growing fish outlive fast-growing ones原文：When prehistoric man arrived in new parts of the world,something strange happened to the large animals:they suddenly became extinct.Smaller species survived.The large, slow-growing animals were easy game,and were quickly hunted to extinction.Now something similar could be happening in the oceans.例题一【2010-2】例：29.Which of the following can best summarize the main idea of this text?［A］The moral decaying deserves more research by sociologists.［B］Marriage break-up stems from sex inequalities.［C］Husband and wife have different expectations from their marriage.［D］Conversational patterns between man and wife are different.原文Ⅰ①I was addressing a small gathering in a suburban Virginia living room—a women’s group that had invited men to join them.②Throughout the evening,one man had been particularly talkative,frequently offering ideas and anecdotes,while his wife sat silently beside him on the couch.③Toward the end of the evening,I commented that women frequently complain that their husbands don’t talk to them.④This man quickly nodded in agreement.⑤He gestured toward his wife and said,“She’s the talker in our family.”⑥The room burst into laughter;the man looked puzzled and hurt.⑦“It’s true,”he explained.⑧“When I come home from work I have nothing to say.⑨If she didn’t keep the conversation going,we’d spend the whole evening in silence.”Ⅱ①This episode crystallizes the irony that although American men tend to talk more than women in public situations,they often talk less at home.②And this pattern is wreaking havoc with marriage.例题二【2013-1】例：21.The joke in Paragraph1is used to illustrate_____.[A]the impact of technological advances[B]the alleviation of job pressure[C]the shrinkage of textile mills[D]the decline of middle-class incomes原文Ⅰ①In an essay entitled“Making It in America,”the author Adam Davidson relates a joke from cotton country about just how much a modern textile mill has been automated:The average mill has only two employees today,“a man and a dog.②The man is there to feed the dog,and the dog is there to keep the man away from the machines.”Ⅱ①Davidson’s article is one of a number of pieces that have recently appeared making the point that the reason we have such stubbornly high unemployment and declining middle-class incomes today is largely because of the big drop in demand because of the Great Recession,but it is also because of the advances in both globalization and the information technology revolution, which are more rapidly than ever replacing labor with machines or foreign workers.【例证题-细节例证】1.细节例证（小例证）的形式特征：段落中间（至少不在首句）2.解题技巧：返回原文，找到该例证所在位置，搜索该例证周围区域，找到例证支持的观点，通常是该段落首句或小例子的前一句。
考研英语阅读基础讲义
考研英语阅读的基本情况 首先我们要对阅读考试的特点有个基本了解。 老张总结考研英语阅读的特点： 出题有题源； 题材有偏好； 体裁有重点； 结构有套路； 文风有特点；
作为阅读理解 A 部分，4 篇文章，一般有 1600 词，题材来源为：经济商业、社会热点、文化 教育、科普知识、法律等方面，出现率最高的是社会生活、科普和经济，其余的还包括体育、 人物传记等。社会生活体裁包括文化、历史、家庭、教育、人口、交通、环境能源及其他社会 现象。从国家的角度来分析，一般以欧美，特别是美国的话题为主，因为文章主要也是来源于 欧美的主流报刊。 考研阅读理解文章的题材多样，有议论文、说明文和应用文。希望大家注意不同体裁的文章不 同考试要点：对于说明文，要注意事实和数据；对于议论文而言，要注意作者的结论和观点， 作者证明观点的论据部分和逻辑结构，以及作者对其他观点的态度。 近几年的真题来看，70% 以上的文章都是偏议论文。这对我们写作借鉴也有意义。
A business, also known as an enterprise or a firm, is an organization involved in the trade of goods, services, or both to consumers. Businesses are prevalent in capitalist economies, where most of them are privately owned and provide goods and services to customers in exchange for other goods, services, or money. Businesses may also be not-for-profit or state-owned. A business owned by multiple individuals may be referred to as a company.
考研英语阅读理解基础班讲义(1)
副词性从句：见后表格；
名词性从句的分类讲解：
状语从句种类常用连接词特殊连接词
时间状语从句When,while,
as,before,
since,till,
until,assoon
as
1.一些时间名词：themoment,theinstant,the
minute,theday,nexttime,everytime
beganin the nineteenthcenturyandextendedinto the earlytwentieth centurywhenit was
recognized for the first time that food containedconstituentsthat wereessentialfor human
families that occurredthrough all the Westernworldsince the time ofthe Industrial
Revolution.
Itseemsthat…似乎，Itfollowsthat…因此
Ithappensthat…碰巧，Itturnsoutthat…结果,
注：supposed,provide不用作条件从句的连词）on
conditionthat,solongas,aslongas
让步状语从句Although,
though,even
though,evenif
While(一般用在句首),as(用于倒装结
构),whatever,whoever,whichever,however,
for,since
Seeingthat,consideringthat,nowthat,given
05.考研英语二阅读讲义-主旨大意题
考研英语二阅读讲义主旨大意题【大纲要求】理解主旨要义。
【题型界定】该题型针对某一段或全文对考生提问，要求考生概括总结某一段或整篇文章的中心思想，把握段落或者文章主线。
因此，主旨题可分为段落主旨题和文章主旨题两种。
提问方式常见的有：What’s the main idea of this passage？The most appropriate title for this text could be________.Which is the writing purpose of this passage？【解题思路】串线法：抓首段和其余各段的首句(主题句后移)，将他们的意思连接为一个整体，同时要注意首段中的陷阱，连接时遇到困难想起：从多不从少，从后不从前主题句后移：若段落第二句有转折词（but/yet）或递进词（especially/more than），则主题句移向第二句【错误选项特征】(1)局部信息选项内容<文章内容(2)范围过宽选项内容>文章内容例题一【2011-2】例：30.The most appropriate title for this text would be____.[A]American Newspapers:Struggling for Survival[B]American Newspapers:Gone with the Wind[C]American Newspapers:A Thriving Business[D]American Newspapers:A Hopeless Story原文：Ⅰ①Whatever happened to the death of newspapers?②A year ago the end seemed near.③The recession threatened to remove the advertising and readers that had not already fled to the internet.④Newspapers like the San Francisco Chronicle were chronicling their own doom.⑤America’s Federal Trade Commission launched a round of talks about how to save newspapers.⑥Should they become charitable corporations?⑦Should the state subsidize them?⑧It will hold another meeting soon.⑨But the discussions now seem out of date.Ⅱ①In much of the world there is little sign of crisis.②German and Brazilian papers have shrugged off the recession.③Even American newspapers,which inhabit the most troubled corner of the global industry,have not only survived but often returned to profit.④Not the20% profit margins that were routine a few years ago,but profit all the same.Ⅲ①It has not been much fun.②Many papers stayed afloat by pushing journalists overboard.③The American Society of News Editors reckons that13,500newsroom jobs have gone since 2007.④Readers are paying more for slimmer products.⑤Some papers even had the nerve to refuse delivery to distant suburbs.⑥Yet these desperate measures have proved the right ones and,sadly for many journalists,they can be pushed further.Ⅳ①Newspapers are becoming more balanced businesses,with a healthier mix of revenues from readers and advertisers.②American papers have long been highly unusual in their reliance on ads.③Fully87%of their revenues came from advertising in2008,according to the Organization for Economic Cooperation&Development(OECD).④In Japan the proportion is 35%.⑤Not surprisingly,Japanese newspapers are much more stable.V①The whirlwind that swept through newsrooms harmed everybody,but much of the damage has been concentrated in areas where newspapers are least distinctive.②Car and film reviewers have gone.③So have science and general business reporters.④Foreign bureaus have been savagely cut off.⑤Newspapers are less complete as a result.⑥But completeness is no longer a virtue in the newspaper business.例题二【2012-1】例：25.A suitable title for this text could be___.[A]A Faulty Approach to Homework[B]A Welcomed Policy for Poor Students[C]Thorny Questions about Homework[D]Wrong Interpretations of an Educational Policy原文：Ⅰ①Homework has never been terribly popular with students and even many parents, but in recent years it has been particularly scorned.②School districts across the country,most recently Los Angeles Unified,are revising their thinking on this educational ritual.③Unfortunately,L.A.Unified has produced an inflexible policy which mandates that with the exception of some advanced courses,homework may no longer count for more than10%of a student’s academic grade.Ⅱ①This rule is meant to address the difficulty that students from impoverished or chaotic homes might have in completing their homework.②But the policy is unclear and contradictory.③Certainly,no homework should be assigned that students cannot complete on their own or that they cannot do without expensive equipment.④But if the district is essentially giving a pass to students who do not do their homework because of complicated family lives,it is going riskily close to the implication that standards need to be lowered for poor children.Ⅲ①District administrators say that homework will still be a part of schooling;teachers are allowed to assign as much of it as they want.②But with homework counting for no more than 10%of their grades,students can easily skip half their homework and see very little difference on their report cards.③Some students might do well on state tests without completing their homework,but what about the students who performed well on the tests and did their homework?④It is quite possible that the homework helped.⑤Yet rather than empowering teachers to find what works best for their students,the policy imposes a flat,across-the-board rule.Ⅳ①At the same time,the policy addresses none of the truly thorny questions about homework.②If the district finds homework to be unimportant to its students’academic achievement,it should move to reduce or eliminate the assignments,not make them count for almost nothing.③Conversely,if homework matters,it should account for a significant portion of the grade.④Meanwhile,this policy does nothing to ensure that the homework students receive is meaningful or appropriate to their age and the subject,or that teachers are not assigning morethan they are willing to review and correct.V①The homework rules should be put on hold while the school board,which is responsible for setting educational policy,looks into the matter and conducts public hearings.②It is not too late for L.A.Unified to do homework right.例题三【2014-3】例：35.Which of the following could be the most appropriate title for the text?[A]How to Innovate Our Work Practices?[B]Machines Will Replace Human Labor[C]Can We Win the Race Against Machines?[D]Economic Downturns Stimulate Innovations原文：Ⅰ①The concept of man versus machine is at least as old as the industrial revolution,but this phenomenon tends to be most acutely felt during economic downturns and fragile recoveries.②And yet,it would be a mistake to think we are right now simply experiencing the painful side of a boom and bust cycle.③Certain jobs have gone away for good,outmoded by machines.④Since technology has such an insatiable appetite for eating up human jobs,this phenomenon will continue to restructure our economy in ways we cannot immediately foresee.Ⅱ①When there is rapid improvement in the price and performance of technology,jobs that were once thought to be immune from automation suddenly become threatened.②This argument has attracted a lot of attention,via the success of the book Race Against the Machine, by Erik Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee,who both hail from MIT’s Center for Digital Business.Ⅲ①This is a powerful argument,and a scary one.②And yet,John Hagel,author of The Power of Pull and other books,says Brynjolfsson and McAfee miss the reason why these jobs are so vulnerable to technology in the first place.Ⅳ①Hagel says we have designed jobs in the U.S.that tend to be“tightly scripted”and“highly standardized”ones that leave no room for“individual initiative or creativity.”②In short,these are the types of jobs that machines can perform much better at than human beings.③That is how we have put a giant target sign on the backs of American workers,Hagel says.V①It’s time to reinvent the formula for how work is conducted,since we are still relying on a very20th century notion of work,Hagel says.②In our rapidly changing economy,we more than ever need people in the workplace who can take initiative and exercise their imagination“to respond to unexpected events.”③That is not something machines are good at.④They are designed to perform very predictable activities.Ⅵ①As Hagel notes,Brynjolfsson and McAfee indeed touched on this point in their book.②We need to reframe race against the machine as race with the machine.③In other words, we need to look at the ways in which machines can augment human labor rather than replace it.④So then the problem is not really about technology,but rather,“how do we innovate our institutions and our work practices?”篇章结构与文章主旨开头举例型文章文章特征首段首句开始举例例子的目的是为了引出主题全文主旨在第一段结尾或第二段开头典型例文【2014-1】例：25.This text mainly discusses how to____.[A]balance feeling good and spending money[B]spend large sums of money won in lotteries[C]obtain lasting satisfaction from money spent[D]become more reasonable in spending on luxuries原文：Ⅰ①What would you do with$590m?②This is now a question for Gloria MacKenzie,an 84-year-old widow who recently emerged from her small,tin-roofed house in Florida to collect the biggest undivided lottery jackpot in history.③If she hopes her new-found fortune will yield lasting feelings of fulfilment,she could do worse than read Happy Money by Elizabeth Dunn and Michael Norton.Ⅱ①These two academics use an array of behavioral research to show that the most rewarding ways to spend money can be counterintuitive.②Fantasies of great wealth often involve visions of fancy cars and extravagant homes.③Yet satisfaction with these material purchases wears off fairly quickly.④What was once exciting and new becomes old-hat;regret creeps in.⑤It is far better to spend money on experiences,say Ms Dunn and Mr Norton,like interesting trips,unique meals or even going to the cinema.⑥These purchases often become more valuable with time—as stories or memories—particularly if they involve feeling more connected to others.问题解答型文章文章特征首段首句为一个问题全文主旨问题本身或其答案典型例文【2011-2】例：30.The most appropriate title for this text would be____.[A]American Newspapers:Struggling for Survival[B]American Newspapers:Gone with the Wind[C]American Newspapers:A Thriving Business[D]American Newspapers:A Hopeless Story原文：Ⅰ①Whatever happened to the death of newspapers?②A year ago the end seemed near.③The recession threatened to remove the advertising and readers that had not already fled to the internet.④Newspapers like the San Francisco Chronicle were chronicling their own doom.⑤America’s Federal Trade Commission launched a round of talks about how to save newspapers.⑥Should they become charitable corporations?⑦Should the state subsidize them?⑧It will hold another meeting soon.⑨But the discussions now seem out of date.提出问题-分析问题-解答问题型文章文章特征首段提出问题全文主旨问题本身典型例文【2016-3】35.The best title for this text could be___.A.How to Enjoy Easy ReadingB.How to Find Time to ReadC.How to Set Reading GoalsD.How to Read Extensively原文：Ⅰ①That everyone's too busy these days is a cliché.②But one specific complaint is made especially mournfully:There's never any time to read.Ⅱ①What makes the problem thornier is that the usual time-management techniques don't seem sufficient.②The web’s full of articles offering tips on making time to read:“Give up TV”or“Carry a book with you at all times.”③But in my experience,using such methods to free up the odd30minutes doesn’t work.④Sit down to read and the flywheel of work-related thoughts keeps spinning—or else you’re so exhausted that a challenging book’s the last thing you need.⑤The modern mind,Tim Parks,a novelist and critic,writes,“is overwhelmingly inclined toward communication…Ⅲ①In fact,“becoming more efficient”is part of the problem.②Thinking of time as a resource to be maximised means you approach it instrumentally,judging any given moment as well spent only in so far as it advances progress toward some goal.③Immersive reading,by contrast, depends on being willing to risk inefficiency,goallessness,even time-wasting.④Try to slot it in as a to-do list item and you’ll manage only goal-focused reading—useful,sometimes,but not the most fulfilling kind....Ⅳ①So what does work?②Perhaps surprisingly,scheduling regular times for reading.③You’d think this might fuel the efficiency mind-set,but in fact,Eberle notes,such ritualistic behaviour helps us“step outside time’s flow”into“soul time.”④You could limit distractions by reading only physical books,or on single-purpose e-readers.⑤“Carry a book with you at all times”can actually work,too—providing you dip in often enough,so that reading becomes the default state from which you temporarily surface to take care of business,before dropping back down.⑥On a really good day,it no longer feels as if you’re“making time to read,”but just reading,and making time for everything else.文章主旨典型范文2015Text4①Many people talked of the288,000new jobs the Labor Department reported for June,along with the drop in the unemployment rate to6.1percent,as good news.And they were right.②For now it appears the economy is creating jobs at a decent pace.③We still have a long way to go to get back to full employment,but at least we are now finally moving forward at a faster pace.①However,there is another important part of the jobs picture that was largely overlooked.②There was a big jump in the number of people who report voluntarily working part-time.③This figure is now830,000(4.4percent)above its year ago level.①Before explaining the connection to the Obamacare,it is worth making an important distinction.②Many people who work part-time jobs actually want full-time jobs.③They take part-time work because this is all they can get.④An increase in involuntary part-time work is evidence of weakness in the labor market and it means that many people will be having a very hard time making ends meet.①There was an increase in involuntary part-time in June,but the general direction has been down.②Involuntary part-time employment is still far higher than before the recession,but it is down by640,000(7.9percent)from its year ago level.①We know the difference between voluntary and involuntary part-time employment because people tell us.②The survey used by the Labor Department asks people if they worked less than 35hours in the reference week.③If the answer is“yes,”they are classified as working part-time.④The survey then asks whether they worked less than35hours in that week because they wanted to work less than full time or because they had no choice.⑤They are only classified as voluntary part-time workers if they tell the survey taker they chose to work less than35hours a week.①The issue of voluntary part-time relates to Obamacare because one of the main purposes was to allow people to get insurance outside of employment.②For many people,especially those with serious health conditions or family members with serious health conditions,before Obamacare the only way to get insurance was through a job that provided health insurance.①However,Obamacare has allowed more than12million people to either get insurance through Medicaid or the exchanges.②These are people who may previously have felt the need to get a full-time job that provided insurance in order to cover themselves and their families.③With Obamacare there is no longer a link between employment and insurance.36.Which part of the jobs picture was neglected?[A]The prospect of a thriving job market.[B]The increase of voluntary part-time jobs.[C]The possibility of full employment.[D]The acceleration of job creation.37.Many people work part-time because they.[A]prefer part-time jobs to full-time jobs[B]feel that is enough to make ends meet[C]cannot get their hands on full-time jobs[D]haven’t seen the weakness of the market38.Involuntary part-time employment in the US.[A]shows a general tendency of decline[B]is harder to acquire than one year ago[C]satisfies the real need of the jobless[D]is lower than before the recession39.It can be learned that with Obamacare,.[A]it is no longer easy for part-timers to get insurance[B]full-time employment is still essential for insurance[C]it is still challenging to get insurance for family members[D]employment is no longer a precondition to get insurance40.The text mainly discusses.[A]employment in the US[B]part-timer classification [C]insurance through Medicaid[D]Obamacare’s trouble。
考研英语阅读方法讲义
第一、二讲·阅读三大困境一、文章读不懂（一）单词：1、生词specialisation专业化2、熟词生义sympathy 同意recognize 解决3、词性转变，例如一个单词即表示形容词又表示动词还表示名词，具体考察哪一种词性需要根据具体情况具体分析。
4、解决方法：（1）、做真题掌握核心词汇和常考的专业词汇（2）、考试的时候没有必要认识全部单词，但在平日练习完成后必须查出所有的生词（3）、积累是关键，做完题后花点时间把生词识记一下（4）、复习中，单词常抓不懈，坚持听读+重复+使用（二）词组：1、根据词组最后一个单词猜测词意2、根据前后句相同位置的单词猜测词意541（三）长难句：分三步走：标点符号+连词+谓语动词942第一步：以标点符号为分段，看成分，找关系。
1、两个破折号和两个逗号中间的句子为插入语，可以不用看。
2、如果标点符号前后句是句子的话则有两种关系（1）、表示并列：___________，and___________。
这种情况下两个句子都要看。
（2）、表示从属：___________，___________。
这种情况下前面的句子是主句重点看，后面的句子是从句可以不看。
但当从句为if、when、because引导的从句时，往往比主句更重要，这时重点看从句。
3、当短语遇到句子时，短语只能做状语并且不重要，重点看句子。
4、当单词遇到句子时：（1）、单词放前面，往往做状语，不重要，重点看句子。
（2）、当单词放后面时往往和句子的最后一个单词并列，不重要。
第二步：以连词and or as well as为分界线，找共同点。
共同点包括：1、形式：to do doing done did2、词性：名词、形容词、副词注意：阅读中有不认识的名词可以当成某人某事某物，不认识的动词可以当成做某件事情，其他情况下则要通过判断单词的感情色彩（good or bad）来做题。
第三步：以谓语动词为切入点，找准主谓宾，去除定状补。
考研英语阅读理解讲义
• The most successful monarchies strive to abandon or hide their old aristocratic ways. Princes and princesses have dayjobs and ride bicycles, not horses (or helicopters). Even so, these are wealthy families who party with the international 1%, and media intrusiveness makes it increasingly difficult to maintain the right image.
第十四页，共20页。
D
• 21. According to the first two paragraph, King Juan Carl of Spain
• [A] used to enjoy high public support • [B] was unpopular among European
• 23、错误的选项，往往是就文章某一方面而说的， 其特点是：所涉及的，仅仅是某一个小问题，或者 很具体，非常具体的一件实事。200%错误选项。这 是考研英语最经常遇到的干扰项。一定要会识别。
第八页，共20页。
• 24、中国人出的题。多是总-分结构，或者总-分总。所以每段开头结尾，都要注意。（这里指的 是中间没有出现转折的段落）。整篇文章的开头 结尾。也要重视。
• 8、文章基本以5段为主（也有6段、7段的），要把握每 段之间的关系。一般来说，一段一个题，只是一般来说 喔。
• 9、一篇文章总会有5、6+个长难句，且总会在这里设问 题。所以，长难句必须要拿下！
考研英语五夜十篇讲义
28.Which of the following can be inferred from Paragraph 3?3
（保持沉默不以为这失去了政治影响力）
[D] Ukip may gain from its support for rural conservation.
（有may有未来！）
第四段
1.The sensible place to build new houses, factories and offices is where people are, in cities and towns where infrastructure is in place.
1）“housing crisis” equals “concreted meadows”
要想解决住房危机就是要在绿地上建房。
2）The ideaispure lobby talk
2.The issue is not the need for more houses but, as always, where to put them.
but to for everyone forever.save “natural places the beauty”
2.It(组织)was specifically to provide city dwellers（居民）with spaces for leisure/where they could experience “a refreshing air.”
考研英语讲座阅读理解部分讲义
学⽣提⾼英语阅读理解能⼒⼀般要经历四个发展阶段： 1. 字⾯⼼译阶段，即在阅读时要通过逐词⼼译来理解原⽂。
由于两种语⾔在句⼦语法结构、词语⽤法、语⾔习惯等⽅⾯存在着许多差异，这个阶段对原⽂的理解常会发⽣错误。
2. 分析性⼼译阶段，即在对原⽂的词语和结构进⾏⼀些分析以后，再进⾏⼼译，或⼼译过程伴随着词语和结构的分析。
这时理解⼒⽐前⼀阶段有所提⾼，但阅读速度很慢。
3. 综合性⼼译阶段。
在这个阶段由于语⾔⽔平的提⾼，阅读经验的积累，不经分析⽽直接将原⽂译成汉语。
4. 直接理解原⽂阶段。
在这个阶段由于语⾔能⼒的提⾼，读者的理解已进⼊英语思维的模式，可以直接理解原⽂。
以上4个阶段只是⼤体上的划分，在实际阅读训练中，这4个阶段不是截然分割的。
⽐如，处于第2阶段时，也不可能对每个句⼦都分析⼀遍后再来⼼译。
第4阶段也可能伴随少量的⼼译，因为本族语毕竟是理解外语的媒介。
了解阅读能⼒提⾼的过程有利于加速阅读能⼒的培养。
⼀般来说，我们的考⽣是处在介乎第2和第3阶段之间。
对所读的材料有时要经过查阅词典，分析⼼译成汉语才能达到真正的理解。
这作为阅读能⼒提⾼的⼀个阶段是不可避免的。
但要努⼒缩短这⼀阶段，防⽌这种阅读⽅法成为定势。
要尽可能减少⼼译，以提⾼阅读速度，达到基本上直接理解原⽂的阶段。
从逻辑和思维的⾓度看，阅读理解能⼒的提⾼是⼀个由浅⼊深、由⽚⾯到全⾯、由低层次到⾼层次的发展过程。
较低层次的理解是字⾯理解。
考⽣对所读内容只能理解字⾯含义。
随着理解的不断深化，考⽣逐渐进⼊推断性理解层次。
考⽣慢慢能从语篇结构的⾼度来审视⽂章内容的逻辑结构和内在联系，从⽽进⼊更深层次的理解，如从字⾥⾏间理解作者要表达的内涵。
层次是评价性阅读理解。
研究⽣英语⼊学考试中的阅读理解就属于这个层次。
这时考⽣需能凭借⾃⼰的阅读经验和分析能⼒对所读⽂章和题⽬选项进⾏评价，如：选择项所传递的信息是否确切、事实是否可靠、结论是否正确以及信息的应⽤价值等。
考研英语阅读真题讲解ppt课件
o汇： 1. a fat pay rise 涨得很高的工资 2. vanish （消失，不复存在）即van=empty空+ish形容词 后缀：倾向于。 The wonderful vanished into thin air.美梦化作泡影 3. colleague （同事，同僚） 即col=con共同+leag=leg选 +ue→共同被选出的。 David is a colleague of mine.戴维是我的同事 ［辨］ companion （同伴，共事者）即com一起+pan面包+ion→一 起吃面包→谋生的人。 A dog is a faithfull companyion. 狗是忠实的伙伴
2. The statement "it is all too monkey" （Last line, Paragraph 1） implies that
[A] monkeys are also outraged by slack rivals. [B] resenting unfairness is also monkeys' nature. [C] monkeys, like humans, tend to be jealous of each other. [D] no animals other than monkeys can develop such emotions.
The researchers suggest that capuchin monkeys, like humans, are guided by social emotions. In the wild, they are a co-operative, group-living species. Such cooperation is likely to be stable only when each animal feels it is not being cheated. Feelings of righteous indignation, it seems, are not the preserve of people alone. Refusing a lesser reward completely makes these feelings abundantly clear to other members of the group. However, whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans, or whether it stems from the common ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question.
01.考研英语二阅读讲义-细节题
考研英语二阅读讲义导学考研阅读概述一、考查形式1.2002年为分水岭2002年前为4题/篇，5篇文章，共计20题，单题2分，共计40分。
2002年后为5题/篇，4篇文章，共计20题，单题2分，共计40分。
2.近十年阅读真题总长度1500词，单篇长度400词。
3.建议做题时间18-20分钟/篇。
二、考查题材及来源1.考查题材政治经济、社会生活、商业经济、政治法律环境保护、文化教育、科普知识2.文章来源西方主流报刊、杂志The Guardian，The Washington Post，The Economist，Nature三、考研大纲对阅读能力的要求（英语一&英语二）理解主旨要义（主旨要义题）理解文章的具体信息（细节题）理解文中概念性的含义进行有关的判断推理和引申（推理引申题）根据上下文推测生词词义（语义理解题）理解文章的总体结构以及上下文的关系理解作者的意图，观点和态度（观点态度题）区分论点和论据（篇章结构题）考研阅读题型1、细节题2、主旨要义题3、篇章结构题（例证题&文章续写题）4、观点态度题（观点题和态度题）5、语义理解题（词汇题、指代题、句子理解题）6、推理引申题阅读学习阶段第一阶段原文How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount, reliability,and appropriateness of the information.你眼里的文章How well the騳will be纛by later乧r??7n?depends upon the菄躞tXF;and驌of the杌l\?$.第二阶段句子都能读懂，但文章串不起来第三阶段我看懂了，就是做不对题。
两种可能：--首先你没有完全看懂。
--题干和选项是否真的读懂考研阅读复习规划基础阶段（1-6月）总体目标：2010-2019年真题第一轮复习重点：词汇、语法、长难句、解题思路强化阶段（7-11月）总体目标：2010-2019年真题第二轮复习重点：题型、解题技巧冲刺阶段（12月）总体目标：2010-2020年真题第三轮复习重点：模考2020、错题分析考研阅读做题步骤1.阅读题干，把题干里面的关键词划出来，并初步预测文章内容关键词：1）专有名词、数词、连字符词2）动宾结构3）主语或其他2.阅读文章，划出与题干关键信息相对应的地方，划出常出题的地方常出题的地方：首段及其余各段首尾及转折处两大定位法则：1）关键词定位2）顺序定位3.解题---排除法：对比选项，选最佳答案1.阅读题干，把题干里面的关键词划出来，并初步预测文章内容例一：2016-331.The author views Milton Friedman’s statement about CSR with32.According to Paragraph2,CSR helps a company33.The expression"more lenient"(Line2,Para.4)is closest in meaning to34.When prosecutors evaluate a case,a company's CSR record35.Which of the following is true of CSR,according to the last paragraph?33.The expression"more lenient"(Line2,Para.4)is closest in meaning to[A]more effective.[B]less controversial.[C]less severe.[D]more lasting.原文ⅣThe study found that,among prosecuted firms,those with the most comprehensive CSR programmes tended to get more lenient penalties.Their analysis ruled out the possibility that it was firms’political influence,rather than their CSR stand,that accounted for the leniency: Companies that contributed more to political campaigns did not receive lower fines.例二：2017-331.One of the reasons for high-school graduates not taking a gap year is that_____.32.Studies from the US and Australia imply that taking a gap year helps_____.33.The word"acclimation"(Line8,Para.3)is closest in meaning to_____.34.A gap year may save money for students by helping them_____.35.The most suitable title for this text would be_____.[A]In Favor of the Gap Year[B]The ABCs of the Gap Year[C]The Gap Year Comes Back[D]The Gap Year:A Dilemma2.阅读文章，划出与题干关键信息相对应的地方，划出常出题的地方例：【2011-4】36.The EU is faced with so many problems that______.[A]it has more or less lost faith in markets[B]even its supporters begin to feel concerned[C]some of its member countries plan to abandon euro[D]it intends to deny the possibility of devaluationⅠ①Will the European Union make it?②The question would have sounded strange not long ago.③Now even the project’s greatest cheerleaders talk of a continent facing a“Bermuda triangle”of debt,population decline and lower growth.Ⅱ①As well as those chronic problems,the EU faces an acute crisis in its economic core,the16 countries that use the single currency.②Markets have lost faith that the euro zone's economies, weaker or stronger,will one day converge thanks to the discipline of sharing a single currency, which denies uncompetitive members the quick fix of devaluation.细节题【大纲要求】理解文中的具体信息。
02.考研英语二阅读讲义-推理引申题
考研英语二阅读讲义推理引申题【大纲要求】进行一定的判断和推理。
【题型界定】该题型强调对原文内容进行深层次的挖掘，找到文中隐含意义或言外之意。
其答案往往由字面意义推导出更深层次的含义。
提问方式常见的有：It can be inferred from the third paragraph that_______.We can imply from paragraph1that______.Which of the following is true according to the passage？本题型问的是文章深层次而非浅表层的含义。
需借助上下文关系进行判断【解题思路】判断推理题都按细节题的方法做，提到的选，没提到的不选判断推理题正确选项特征：意相近，形相远例题一【2012-1】21.It is implied in Paragraph1that nowadays homework___.[A]is receiving more criticism[B]is gaining more preferences[C]is no longer an educational ritual[D]is not required for advanced courses原文：Ⅰ①Homework has never been terribly popular with students and even many parents, but in recent years it has been particularly scorned.②School districts across the country,most recently Los Angeles Unified,are revising their thinking on this educational ritual.③Unfortunately,L.A.Unified has produced an inflexible policy which mandates that with the exception of some advanced courses,homework may no longer count for more than10%of a student’s academic grade.例题二【2012-2】27.According to Paragraph2,which of the following is true of colours?[A]Colours are encoded in girls’DNA.[B]Blue used to be regarded as the colour for girls.[C]White is preferred by babies.[D]Pink used to be a neutral colour in symbolising genders.原文：Ⅱ①Girls’attraction to pink may seem unavoidable,somehow encoded in their DNA,but according to Jo Paoletti,an associate professor of American Studies,it is not.②Children were not colour-coded at all until the early20th century:in the era before domestic washing machines all babies wore white as a practical matter,since the only way of getting clothes clean was to boil them.③What's more,both boys and girls wore what were thought of as gender-neutral dresses....例题三【2015-2】30.We may infer from the last paragraph that_______.[A]universities often reject the culture of the middle-class[B]students are usually to blame for their lack of resources[C]social class greatly helps enrich educational experiences[D]colleges are partly responsible for the problem in question原文：①Many first-generation students“struggle to navigate the middle-class culture of higher education,learn the‘rules of the game,’and take advantage of college resources,”they write.②And this becomes more of a problem when colleges don't talk about the class advantages and disadvantages of different groups of students.③”Because US colleges and universities seldom acknowledge how social class can affect students’educational experiences,many first-generation students lack insight about why they are struggling and do not understand how students‘like them’can improve.”推理引申题常考点常考点一：句内句际逻辑处【2011-1】24.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that outside directors______.[A]may stay for the attractive offers from the firm[B]have often had records of wrongdoings in the firm[C]are accustomed to stress-free work in the firm[D]will decline incentives from the firm原文①But the researchers believe that outside directors have an easier time of avoiding a blow to their reputations if they leave a firm before bad news breaks,even if a review of history shows that they were on the board at the time any wrongdoing occurred.②Firms who want to keep their outside directors through tough times may have to create incentives.③Otherwise outside directors will follow the example of Ms.Simmons,once again very popular on campus.【2014-2】30.It can be inferred that Facebook is a self-enhancer's paradise because people can_____.[A]present their dishonest profiles[B]define their traditional lifestyles[C]share their intellectual pursuits[D]withhold their unflattering sides原文：①Knowing the results of Epley’s study,it makes sense that many people hate photographs of themselves viscerally—on one level,they don’t even recognise the person in the picture as themselves.②Facebook,therefore,is a self-enhancer’s paradise,where people can share only the most flattering photos,the cream of their wit,style,beauty,intellect and lifestyles.③It's not that people's profiles are dishonest,says Catalina Toma of Wisconsin-Madison University,“but they portray an idealised version of themselves.”常考点二：段落主旨处【2011-2】29.What can be inferred from the last paragraph about the current newspaper business?[A]Distinctiveness is an essential feature of newspapers.[B]Completeness is to blame for the failure of newspapers.[C]Foreign bureaus play a crucial role in the newspaper business.[D]Readers have lost their interest in car and film reviews.原文：①The whirlwind that swept through newsrooms harmed everybody,but much of the damage has been concentrated in areas where newspapers are least distinctive.②Car and film reviewers have gone.③So have science and general business reporters.④Foreign bureaus have been savagely cut off.⑤Newspapers are less complete as a result.⑥But completeness is no longer a virtue in the newspaper business.细节题VS推理引申题1、部分有明确关键词的推理引申题≈细节题例题【2014-4】39.It can be inferred that a stable rental environment would_____.[A]lower the costs of registered providers[B]relieve the ministers of responsibilities[C]contribute to funding new developments[D]lessen the impact of government interference原文：Ⅵ①Ministers should also look at creating greater certainty in the rental environment, which would have a significant impact on the ability of registered providers to fund new developments from revenues.2、部分针对段落提问的推理引申题≈段落主旨题例题【2015-3】35.Which of the following statements is true about office speak?[A]Linguists believe it to be nonsense.[B]Regular people mock it but accept it.[C]Companies find it to be fundamental.[D]Managers admire it but avoid it.原文：①But this seems to be the irony of office speak:Everyone makes fun of it,but managers love it,companies depend on it,and regular people willingly absorb it.②As a linguist once said,“You can get people to think it’s nonsense at the same time that you buy into it.”③In a workplace that’s fundamentally indifferent to your life and its meaning,office speak can help you figure out how you relate to your work—and how your work defines who you are.推理引申题经典范文2011Text4①Will the European Union make it?②The question would have sounded strange not long ago.③Now even the project’s greatest cheerleaders talk of a continent facing a“Bermuda triangle”of debt,population decline and lower growth.①As well as those chronic problems,the EU faces an acute crisis in its economic core,the16 countries that use the single currency.②Markets have lost faith that the euro zone’s economies, weaker or stronger,will one day converge thanks to the discipline of sharing a single currency, which denies uncompetitive members the quick fix of devaluation.①Yet the debate about how to save Europe’s single currency from disintegration is stuck.②It is stuck because the euro zone’s dominant powers,France and Germany,agree on the need for greater harmonisation within the euro zone,but disagree about what to harmonise.①Germany thinks the euro must be saved by stricter rules on borrowing,spending and competitiveness,backed by quasi-automatic sanctions for governments that do not obey.②These might include threats to freeze EU funds for poorer regions and EU mega-projects,and even the suspension of a country’s voting rights in EU ministerial councils.③It insists that economic co-ordination should involve all27members of the EU club,among whom there is a small majority for free-market liberalism and economic rigour;in the inner core alone,Germany fears,a small majority favour French interference.①A“southern”camp headed by France wants something different:“European economic government”within an inner core of euro-zone members.②Translated,that means politicians intervening in monetary policy and a system of redistribution from richer to poorer members,via cheaper borrowing for governments through common Eurobonds or complete fiscal transfers.③Finally,figures close to the French government have murmured,euro-zone members should agree to some fiscal and social harmonisation:e.g.,curbing competition in corporate-tax rates or labour costs.①It is too soon to write off the EU.②It remains the world’s largest trading block.③At its best, the European project is remarkably liberal:built around a single market of27rich and poor countries,its internal borders are far more open to goods,capital and labour than any comparable trading area.④It is an ambitious attempt to blunt the sharpest edges of globalisation,and make capitalism benign.36.The EU is faced with so many problems that.[A]it has more or less lost faith in markets[B]even its supporters begin to feel concerned[C]some of its member countries plan to abandon euro[D]it intends to deny the possibility of devaluation37.The debate over the EU’s single currency is stuck because the dominant powers.[A]are competing for the leading position[B]are busy handling their own crises[C]fail to reach an agreement on harmonisation[D]disagree on the steps towards disintegration38.To solve the euro problem,Germany proposed that.[A]EU funds for poor regions be increased[B]stricter regulations be imposed[C]only core members be involved in economic co-ordination[D]voting rights of the EU members be guaranteed39.The French proposal of handling the crisis implies that.[A]poor countries are more likely to get funds[B]strict monetary policy will be applied to poor countries[C]loans will be readily available to rich countries[D]rich countries will basically control Eurobonds40.Regarding the future of the EU,the author seems to feel.[A]pessimistic[B]desperate[C]conceited[D]hopeful。
研究生英语阅读教程基础级第三版PPTlesson
Language knowledge explanation
CHAPTER
Vocabulary interpretation
Difficult words explained and annotated
Regular review of previously learned words to enhance retention
Reading assignments
assigned reads for self study and reflection
Classroom activities
interactive games, role plays, etc
Teaching method
02
Reading comprehension skills
Essay writing
Create short quizzes at the end of each lesson to assess students' retention of key concepts and vocabulary
Quiz
Monitor students' participation in class discussions and their attention to assess their engagement with the course material
Provide readings with similar themes or messages and ask students to compare and contrast them
Summary Writing
Ask students to write a summary of a given passage, focusing on the main points and key information
06.考研英语二阅读讲义-观点态度题
考研英语二阅读讲义观点态度题【大纲要求】理解作者的意图、观点或态度。
【题型界定】该题型询问的是作者或文章中某一人物对某一事件的看法和评价。
【题干特征】理解作者的意图、观点或态度。
The attitude of the writer toward depression is________.From the text we can see that the writer seems________.What's George Lodge’s attitude towards the resignations of Japanese corporate leaders？简而言之，本题型问作者或文中人物的立场、观点和对事物的评价。
值得注意的事，文中人物和作者态度不一定是一致的，必须结合文章具体内容进行判断。
【解题思路】根据作者使用的词语的褒贬性，或者例子的褒贬性来判断态度注意：1.阅读时做好标记（+；—）2.一般来说，带有绝对化或过于强烈的表达是错误选项，保留态度的比较客观的选项才是正确答案3.注意看清是作者的态度还是引用别人的态度4.文中态度若有转折，首选中立客观,没有中立，选转折后，转折前永远不选选项词汇归纳1.正面：positive optimistic approval supportive2.负面：negative pessimistic disapproval critical doubtful suspicious skeptical questionable3.中立：neutral objective impartial4.陪跑：uninterested unconcerned indifferent confused puzzled subjective biased prejudice contemptuous例题一【2010-3】例：35.The author’s attitude toward the influence of advertisement on people’s habits is_______.［A］indifferent［B］negative［C］positive［D］biased原文：Ⅳ①If you look hard enough,you’ll find that many of the products we use every day—chewing gums,skin moisturizers,disinfecting wipes,air fresheners,water purifiers,health snacks,teeth whiteners,fabric softeners,vitamins—are results of manufactured habits.②A century ago,few people regularly brushed their teeth multiple times a day.③Today,because of shrewd advertising and public health campaigns,many Americans habitually give their pearly whites a cavity-preventing scrub twice a day,often with Colgate,Crest or one of the other brands.Ⅶ①Through experiments and observation,social scientists like Dr.Berning have learned thatthere is power in tying certain behaviors to habitual cues through ruthless advertising.②As this new science of habit has emerged,controversies have erupted when the tactics have been used to sell questionable beauty creams or unhealthy foods.例题二【2013-3】例：35.The author’s attitude toward reversing the high-speed trend is____.[A]tolerant[B]optimistic[C]uncertain[D]doubtful原文Ⅰ①Scientists have found that although we are prone to snap overreactions,if we take a moment and think about how we are likely to react,we can reduce or even eliminate the negative effects of our quick,hard-wired responses.Ⅱ①Snap decisions can be important defense mechanisms;if we are judging whether someone is dangerous,our brains and bodies are hard-wired to react very quickly,within milliseconds.②But we need more time to assess other factors.③To accurately tell whether someone is sociable,studies show,we need at least a minute,preferably five.④It takes a while to judge complex aspects of personality,like neuroticism or open-mindedness.Ⅲ①But snap decisions in reaction to rapid stimuli aren’t exclusive to the interpersonal realm.②Psychologists at the University of Toronto found that viewing a fast-food logo for just a few milliseconds primes us to read20percent faster,even though reading has little to do with eating.③We unconsciously associate fast food with speed and impatience and carry those impulses into whatever else we’re doing.④Subjects exposed to fast-food flashes also tend to think a musical piece lasts too long.Ⅳ①Yet we can reverse such influences.②If we know we will overreact to consumer products or housing options when we see a happy face(one reason good sales representatives and real estate agents are always smiling),we can take a moment before buying.③If we know female job screeners are more likely to reject attractive female applicants,we can help screeners understand their biases—or hire outside screeners.V①John Gottman,the marriage expert,explains that we quickly“thin slice”information reliably only after we ground such snap reactions in“thick sliced”long-term study.②When Dr.Gottman really wants to assess whether a couple will stay together,he invites them to his island retreat for a much longer evaluation:two days,not two seconds.Ⅵ①Our ability to mute our hard-wired reactions by pausing is what differentiates us from animals:dogs can think about the future only intermittently or for a few minutes.②But historically we have spent about12percent of our days contemplating the longer term.③Although technology might change the way we react,it hasn’t changed our nature.④We still have the imaginative capacity to rise above temptation and reverse the high-speed trend.例题三【2014-1】例：22.The author’s attitude toward Americans’watching TV is_____.[A]critical[B]supportive[C]sympathetic[D]ambiguous原文①This slim volume is packed with tips to help wage slaves as well as lottery winners get the most“happiness bang for your buck.”②It seems most people would be better off if they could shorten their commutes to work,spend more time with friends and family and less of it watching television(something the average American spends a whopping two months a year doing,and is hardly jollier for it).③Buying gifts or giving to charity is often more pleasurable than purchasing things for oneself,and luxuries are most enjoyable when they are consumed sparingly.④This is apparently the reason McDonald’s restricts the availability of its popular McRib—a marketing trick that has turned the pork sandwich into an object of obsession.例题四【2017-1】例：25.The author's attitude to what UK governments have done for sports is_______.[A]critical[B]tolerant[C]uncertain[D]sympathetic原文：①Indeed,there is something a little absurd in the state getting involved in the planning of such a fundamentally“grassroots”concept as community sports associations.②If there is a role for government,it should really be getting involved in providing common goods—making sure there is space for playing fields and the money to pave tennis and netball courts,and encouraging the provision of all these activities in schools.③But successive governments have presided over selling green spaces,squeezing money from local authorities and declining attention on sport in education.④Instead of wordy,worthy strategies,future governments need to do more to provide the conditions for sport to thrive.⑤Or at least not make them worse.例题五【2018-1】例：25.The author’s attitude toward Koziatek’s school can be described as______.[A]supportive[B]tolerant[C]disappointed[D]cautious原文：Ⅷ①Koziatek's school is a wake-up call.②When education becomes one-size-fits-all,it risks overlooking a nation's diversity of gifts.观点态度题的争议题【2011-1】例：25.The author’s attitude toward the role of outside directors is.[A]permissive[B]positive[C]scornful[D]critical原文：Ⅱ①Outside directors are supposed to serve as helpful,yet less biased,advisers on a firm’s board.②Having made their wealth and their reputations elsewhere,they presumablyhave enough independence to disagree with the chief executive’s proposals.③If the sky,and the share price,is falling,outside directors should be able to give advice based on having weathered their own crises.Ⅳ①But the researchers believe that outside directors have an easier time of avoiding a blow to their reputations if they leave a firm before bad news breaks,even if a review of history shows that they were on the board at the time any wrongdoing occurred.②Firms who want to keep their outside directors through tough times may have to create incentives.③Otherwise outside directors will follow the example of Ms.Simmons,once again very popular on campus.观点态度题经典范文2013Text4①Europe is not a gender-equality heaven.②In particular,the corporate workplace will never be completely family-friendly until women are part of senior management decisions,and Europe’s top corporate-governance positions remain overwhelmingly male.③Indeed,women hold only14per cent of positions on European corporate boards.①The European Union is now considering legislation to compel corporate boards to maintain a certain proportion of women—up to60per cent.②This proposed mandate was born of frustration.③Last year,European Commission Vice President Viviane Reding issued a call to voluntary action.④Reding invited corporations to sign up for gender balance goals of40per cent female board membership.⑤But her appeal was considered a failure:only24companies took it up.①Do we need quotas to ensure that women can continue to climb the corporate ladder fairly as they balance work and family?①“Personally,I don’t like quotas,”Reding said recently.②“But I like what the quotas do.”③Quotas get action:they“open the way to equality and they break through the glass ceiling,”according to Reding,a result seen in France and other countries with legally binding provisions on placing women in top business positions.①I understand Reding’s reluctance—and her frustration.②I don’t like quotas either;they run counter to my belief in meritocracy,governance by the capable.③But,when one considers the obstacles to achieving the meritocratic ideal,it does look as if a fairer world must be temporarily ordered.①After all,four decades of evidence has now shown that corporations in Europe as well as the US are evading the meritocratic hiring and promotion of women to top positions—no matter how much“soft pressure”is put upon them.②When women do break through to the summit of corporate power—as,for example,Sheryl Sandberg recently did at Facebook—they attract massive attention precisely because they remain the exception to the rule.①If appropriate pubic policies were in place to help all women—whether CEOs or their children’s caregivers—and all families,Sandberg would be no more newsworthy than any other highly capable person living in a more just society.36.In the European corporate workplace,generally.[A]women take the lead[B]men have the final say[C]corporate governance is overwhelmed[D]senior management is family-friendly37.The European Union’s intended legislation is.[A]a reflection of gender balance[B]a response to Reding’s call[C]a reluctant choice[D]a voluntary action38.According to Reding,quotas may help women.[A]get top business positions[B]see through the glass ceiling[C]balance work and family[D]anticipate legal results39.The author’s attitude toward Reding’s appeal is one of.[A]skepticism[B]objectiveness[C]indifference[D]approval40.Women entering top management become headlines due to the lack of.[A]more social justice[B]massive media attention[C]suitable public policies[D]greater“soft pressure”。
研究生公共英语《阅读C》UNIT7课件
I looked to see whether anyone else relished the sun's golden glow, but everyone was hurrying to and fro, most with eyes fixed on the ground. Then I remembered how often I, too, had been indifferent to the grandeur of each day, too preoccupied with petty and sometimes even mean concerns to respond to the splendor of it all.
One morning, I had to have some additional tests. The required machines were located in a building at the opposite end of the hospital, so I had to be wheeled across the courtyard on a gurney.
Surely we ought to hold fast to life. For it is wondrous, and full of a beauty that breaks through every pore of God's own earth. We know that this is so, but all too often we recognize this truth only in our backward glance when we remember what it was and then suddenly realize that it is no more.
研究生英语阅读教程基础级第三版PPTl
Article Analysis
CHAPTER
Hale Waihona Puke Article Type and Structure
Article types
including argumentative essays, expository essays, narrative essays, etc., each type has its own specific structure and characteristics.
The tutorial is divided into 12 units, each containing a main reading article and related exercises.
The tutorial also provides reference answers and detailed explanations at the end, making it convenient for students to self-study and review.
Detailed description
Mastering basic grammar rules
Summary
This tutorial provides a detailed explanation of the basic grammar rules of English, including sentence structure, tense, voice, clauses, etc., to help students establish a correct grammar foundation.
Article language and style
研究生英语阅读教程(基础级2版)
02
03
04
01
Course outline
Unit 4: Critical Thinking and Analysis
Identifying the author's purpose and perspective
Evaluating the credibility and reliability of the source
Graduate English Reading Course (Basic Level 2 Edi
目录
CONTENTS
introduction English reading skills English article types English reading comprehension exercises English Reading Practice English Reading Assessment and Feedback
Comprehend complex sentences
Improve reading speed
Regular practice of reading English texts can help improve reading speed and comprehension.
Speed reading techniques
Expository text
Argumentative essay is a genre that is designed to persuade or convince the reader of a particular point of view or argument. It typically includes a clear position statement, evidence or reasons to support the position, and a conclusion that summarizes the argument. Argumentative essays are written in an assertive and forceful style. They use language that is precise and accurate, and they present evidence or reasons that are relevant and reliable. Argumentative essays are often found in editorials, opinion columns, political speeches, and other public forums. They are also used in academic contexts, such as term papers and research papers.