07动词的时态、语态(上)
2020年高考英语必考点全梳理专题7-动词的时态和语态(高效演练)(含解析)
专题07动词的时态和语态——高效演练一．单句语法填空1.Hurry up! Mark and Carol (expect)us.【答案】are expecting【解析】考查时态。
根据句意“快点！Mark 和Carol在等着我们”可知空格处用正在进行时，故填are expecting。
2.Jim (watch) a late night film at home when, right in the middle of a thrilling scene, the television went blank. 【答案】was watching【解析】考查时态。
本句也考查“be doing sth when……结构”，句意：吉姆在家正在一部深夜电影，就在一场惊险的场面中，突然电视一片空白。
故填was watching。
3.-I don't understand why you didn’t go to the lecture yesterday afternoon.-I'm sorry.But I (do)my home work.【答案】was doing【解析】考查时态。
根据句意“我不明白你昨天下午为什么没有去听讲座”。
“对不起，当时我在做家庭作业”可知空格处用过去进行时，故填was doing。
4.This was the first time I (experience) sandstorms and I don't ever want to be in one again.【答案】had experienced【解析】考查时态。
本句考查“this/that/it was the +序数词+that sb had done”句式，意思为“某人第几次做某事”，故填had experienced。
句意为：这是我第一次经历沙尘暴，我再也不想经历第二次。
5. Doctors and scientists (learn) a great deal about sleep in the last thirty years.【答案】have learned【解析】考查时态。
动词的时态和语态教案
动词时态和语态一、动词的分类和形式：动词是表示动作和状态的词。
动词有时态、语态和语气3种形式的变化。
1、动词按其能否独立作谓语而分为：“谓语动词”和“非谓语动词”两种2、动词的4种基本形式：动词原形、过去式、过去分词和现在分词。
3、动词按其构成动词词组作用分为：实义动词、连系动词、情态动词和助动词。
1）实义动词分为及物动词和不及物动词。
还可分为持续性动词和瞬间动词；2）连系动词有两种：一种表特征或状态，另一种表状态变化过程。
4、五种不同的短语动词：1）“动词+介词”；2）“动词+副词”；3）“动词+副词+介词”；4）“动词+名词（或代词）+介词”；5）“be+形容词（包括相当于形容词的过去分词+介词”。
二、动词的时态：1、一般现在时的用法：1）表示现在的习惯，经常发生的动作或存在的状态。
2）表示主语的特征、性格和能力。
3）表示客观事实或真理。
4）表示按照计划安排（只限于是go,come, leave, start, stop, be等开始或移动意义的词。
）好的将来行为。
2、一般过去时的用法：1）表示过去的动作或状态。
2）叙述过去连续发生的事情。
3）表示过去一段时间内经常发生的动作。
3、一般将来时的用法：1）表示将来的动作或状态。
2）表示将来的经常动作。
4、现在进行时的用法：1）表示说话时正在进行的动作。
2）表示现阶段正在进行的动作。
（说话时动作不一定进行。
）5、过去进行进的用法：1）过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作。
2）表示移动的动词：come, start, stay, leave, go等词的过去进行时可以表示过去的将来要发生的动作。
3）was going to do可以表示在过去某一时间之后发生的动作。
6、现在完成时的用法：1）表示刚刚完成的动作，常与just连用。
2）表示过去发生而持续到现在的动作或状态，甚至延续到将来。
常与since, for连用，但for, since不能与终止性的动词连用。
动词的时态与语态变化
动词的时态与语态变化动词是语言中的重要组成部分，通过时态与语态的变化，我们可以清晰地表达出事件发生的时间和态度。
时态指的是动作或状态发生的时间，分为过去、现在和将来三个时态。
而语态则表示动作的主体与客体之间的关系，主要分为主动语态和被动语态。
在语言表达中，正确运用动词的时态和语态变化是非常重要的，下面将从几个方面详细介绍动词的时态与语态变化。
一、动词的时态变化1. 过去时态（Past Tense）过去时态用于表示已经发生或已经完成的动作或状态。
动词的过去时态一般由动词原形后加上-ed结尾来构成，例如：- I walked to school yesterday.（昨天我走路去学校。
）- She cooked dinner for her family last night.（她昨晚为家人做饭。
）2. 现在时态（Present Tense）现在时态用于表示正在发生或经常性发生的动作或状态。
动词的现在时态一般由动词原形来表示，例如：- They play tennis every Sunday.（他们每个星期天打网球。
）- The sun rises in the east.（太阳从东方升起。
）3. 将来时态（Future Tense）将来时态用于表示将要发生的动作或状态。
动词的将来时态一般由助动词will或shall加上动词原形构成，例如：- We will go on a trip next week.（下周我们将去旅行。
）- She shall study hard for the exam.（她将为考试努力学习。
）二、动词的语态变化1. 主动语态（Active Voice）主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者或实施者。
在主动语态中，主语在句子中承担着主要的语法成分，动词根据主语的人称和数的变化而变化。
例如：- They built a new house.（他们建了一座新房子。
）- She writes articles for a magazine.（她为一家杂志写文章。
动词的时态与语态的变化规律
动词的时态与语态的变化规律动词是语言中最基本的词类之一，用来表示动作、状态或存在。
在句子中，动词的时态和语态起着非常重要的作用，能够精确地表达出动作发生的时间和动作的执行者。
本文将介绍动词的时态和语态的变化规律。
一、时态的变化规律时态是指动作发生的时间，在英语中主要有以下几种时态：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、将来进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、将来完成时等。
下面将逐个讲解它们的变化规律。
1. 一般现在时一般现在时用来表示经常发生的动作、客观事实、常规操作等。
一般现在时的陈述句的基本结构是主语+动词原形（第三人称单数加s），否定句则在动词前加助动词do或does，并在其后加not。
疑问句则将助动词do或does置于句首。
例如：陈述句：I work in an office.（我在一家办公室工作。
）否定句：He does not like coffee.（他不喜欢咖啡。
）疑问句：Do you play basketball?（你打篮球吗？）2. 一般过去时一般过去时用来表示过去发生的动作或状态。
一般过去时的陈述句的基本结构是主语+动词的过去式（一般情况下加-ed），否定句则在动词前加助动词did，并在其后加not。
疑问句则将助动词did置于句首。
例如：陈述句：She studied at Harvard University.（她在哈佛大学学习。
）否定句：They did not watch the movie.（他们没有看电影。
）疑问句：Did he visit London?（他去过伦敦吗？）3. 一般将来时一般将来时用来表示将来发生的动作或状态。
一般将来时的陈述句的基本结构是主语+will+动词原形，否定句则在will前加not。
疑问句则将will置于句首。
例如：陈述句：I will meet her tomorrow.（明天我将会见她。
）否定句：They will not go to the party.（他们不会去参加派对。
动词的基本概念
动词的基本概念动词是语言中最基本的词类之一，它用于描述一个人、一物或一个动作的状态、行为、性质等。
动词在句子中扮演着重要的角色，能够帮助我们表达事件、动作或状态的发生与发展。
下面将从不同的角度介绍动词的基本概念。
一、动词的词义动词通常用于描述人、物或事物的动作、状态或性质。
例如，"跑"、"吃"、"感到"、"美丽"等都是常见的动词。
动词的词义可以根据上下文的语境来进行解释，有时一个动词可以表示不同的含义。
二、动词的时态动词的时态指的是动作或事件发生的时间。
在汉语中，常见的时态包括过去时、现在时和将来时。
例如，"我昨天去了公园"中的"去了"表示过去时，"我正在读书"中的"正在读"表示现在时，"明天我将去旅行"中的"将去"表示将来时。
三、动词的语态动词的语态指的是动作的主体与客体之间的关系。
常见的语态有主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，而被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
例如，"我写了一封信"是主动语态，"一封信被我写了"是被动语态。
四、动词的时制和语态的变化动词的时制和语态会根据句子的主语、宾语等要素的变化而发生改变。
例如，在汉语中，动词的时态变化主要通过时间状语词来表示，如"昨天"、"现在"、"明天"等。
而动词的语态变化则通过助词"被"、"让"等来表示。
五、动词的词形变化动词的词形变化是指动词在不同的时态、语态和人称等方面的形式变化。
例如，在英语中，动词的过去式通常通过在词尾加上"-ed"来表示，如"walk"的过去式是"walked"。
动词的时态和语态
e.g. He saw Mr. Wang yesterday. He worked in a factory in 1986.
(2) 表示过去经常发生的动作(也可用“used to”或“would＋动词原形”代替)。
e.g. During the vacation I often swam/would swim in the sea. I used to smoke.
4. 现在进行时的用法 (1) 表示此时此刻正在进行的动作, 由“be＋ 现
在分词”构成。 e.g. What are you doing？ (2) 与always, constantly等连用, 表示感情色 彩。
e.g. He is always helping others.
另外“系动词＋介词或副词”也表示进行时 的意义。 e.g. The bridge is under construction.
一、被动语态的用法： 当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者，或者没
有必要指出谁是动作的执行者，或者只需强调 动作的承受者时，要用被动语态。 e.g. Such books are written for middle school
students. English is spoken in many countries.
表示在过去某一时刻或动作之 前已完成的动作，即“过去的 过去”。
1．一般现在时的用法 (1) 表示经常性、习惯性的动作和现在的状
态、特征, 句中常用often, usually, every day等时间状语。
e.g. He goes to school every day. (经常性动作) He is very happy. (现在的状态)
动词的时态与语态的混合使用
动词的时态与语态的混合使用动词的时态和语态在英语中起着非常重要的作用，能够准确表达动作的发生时间和动作的执行者与承受者。
然而，时态和语态常常会在句子中被混合使用，给学习者带来困惑。
本文将重点讨论动词的时态与语态的混合使用，并给出相应的例子和使用建议。
1. 时态的混合使用在句子中，动词的时态描述了动作的发生时间，包括一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时等。
然而，在复杂的句子结构中，时态的使用可能会受到其他语法要素的影响，导致时态的混合使用。
例1：虚拟条件句中的时态混合If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam.（如果我学得更努力，我就能通过考试了。
）在这个例子中，条件从句中使用了过去完成时，表示了过去事实的虚拟情况。
主句中使用了过去将来时，表示与过去事实相反的情况。
时态的混合使用使得句子的语义更加准确。
例2：时间状语从句中的时态混合When I arrived, they had already left.（当我到达时，他们已经离开了。
）这个例子中，时间状语从句中使用了一般过去时，表示动作发生的时间点。
主句中使用了过去完成时，表示在过去某个时间点之前已经完成的动作。
通过时态的混合使用，句子表达了先后发生的动作。
在使用时态时，需要注意主句和从句之间的时态一致性和逻辑连贯性。
时态的混合使用应该符合上下文的语境，使句子意义清晰明确。
2. 语态的混合使用语态描述了动作发生时的执行者和承受者的关系，包括主动语态和被动语态。
在一些复杂的句子结构中，语态的使用也会受到其他语法要素的影响，导致语态的混合使用。
例3：被动语态与进行时态的混合The car is being repaired by a mechanic.（这辆车正在被一个机械师修理。
）这个例子中，句子使用了进行时态的被动语态，表示动作正在进行且动作的执行者是一个机械师。
语态的混合使用使得句子的语义更加准确。
动词的时态和语态
动词的时态和语态时态(Time)是指动词的形式来表达动作或状态所发生的时间。
语态(Voice)是指动词的形式来表达主语与动作的关系，包括主动语态和被动语态两种。
一、动词的时态动词的时态分为以下几种：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、将来进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、将来完成时等。
1. 一般现在时一般现在时表示经常性、习惯性或普遍性的动作或状态。
它的构成为主语 + 动词原形。
例如：- I eat breakfast every day. (我每天吃早餐。
)- The sun rises in the east. (太阳从东方升起。
)2. 一般过去时一般过去时用于表示过去发生的动作或状态。
它的构成为主语 + 动词的过去式。
例如：- She studied abroad last year. (她去年出国留学。
)- We visited our grandparents yesterday. (我们昨天去拜访了祖父母。
)3. 一般将来时一般将来时表示将来要发生的动作或状态。
它的构成为主语 +will/shall + 动词原形。
例如：- They will arrive at the airport tomorrow. (他们明天将到达机场。
)- I shall finish my homework before dinner. (我将在晚餐前完成作业。
)4. 现在进行时现在进行时表示现在正在进行的动作或状态。
它的构成为主语 + am/is/are + 动词-ing 形式。
例如：- He is watching TV at the moment. (他此刻正在看电视。
)- We are studying for the exam. (我们正在复习考试。
)5. 过去进行时过去进行时表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作或状态。
它的构成为主语 + was/were + 动词-ing 形式。
专题07 动词的时态、语态和主谓一致-三年(2019-2021)高考真题英语分项汇编(原卷版)
三年（2019-2021）年高考真题分项汇编专题07动词的时态、语态和主谓一致一、2021年高考真题1.（2021.6新高考1卷语法填空）What comes next is the endless series of steps.You can't help wondering how hard it6(be)for the people then to put all those rocks into place.2.（2021.6浙江卷语法填空）After Lincoln was elected President of the US in1861,they rented the house and10(sell)most of their furniture.3.（2021.6全国甲卷语法填空）It1(build)originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored（修复）.4.（2021.6全国甲卷语法填空）We6(hire)our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate.5.（2021.6浙江卷语法填空）It doesn't impress like George Washington's plantation on the Pohomac,but Lincoln's home in downtown Springfield,Illinois,1(prove)irresistible to visitors since it opened to the publie.6.（2021.6浙江卷语法填空）Mary's niece wrote,pretty,"The little home5(paint)white.7.（2021.1浙江卷语法填空）It is calculated by dividing a person’s weight in kg by their height in meters squared,and a BMI of between19 and254(consider)healthy.8.（2021.1浙江卷语法填空）In cities,however,the gain6(be)1.3in women and1.6in men.9.（2021.6全国甲卷改错）One of the questions are:Who will you go in times of trouble?10.（2021.6全国乙卷改错）That's our view on housework.And hopes this can inspire more thinking on the topic!11.（2021.6全国乙卷改错）I also water the flowers in the yard and tidying up my own bedroom whatever necessary.12.（2021.3天津卷单选）A.have doneB.will doC.had doneD.were doing13.（2021.3天津卷单选）A.were displayingB.are displayingC.were being displayedD.are being displayed二、2020年高考真题1.（2020·新课标I卷语法填空）The unmanned Chang’e-4probe(探测器)—the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess61．(touch)down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin.2.（2020·新课标I卷语法填空）＂This really excites scientists,＂Carle Pieters,a scientist at Brown University, says,＂because it67．(mean)we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon68．(construct).＂3．（2020·新课标II卷短文改错）Actually,I start to learn kung fu when I was seven years old,forbut/yetI have longbeen out of practice.4．（2020·新课标III卷语法填空）The artist was sure he would63．(choose),but when he presented his masterpieceto the emperor’s chief minister,the old nan laughed.5．（2020·新课标III卷语法填空）65（When/As）he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary(传奇的)artist,they smiled and66．(point)down the river.6.（2020·浙江卷语法填空）And，as more children were born，more food59．(need).7.（2020·浙江卷语法填空）By about6000BC，people61．(discover)the best crops to grow and animals to raise.8.（2020·浙江卷语法填空）New methods65．(mean)that fewer people worked in farming.9.（2020·山东卷语法填空）The80,000objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane,for example,38．(form)the core collection of the British Museum39（which/that）opened in1759.10.（2020·山东卷语法填空）The parts of a museum open to the public40．(call)galleries or rooms. 11．（2020·天津卷单项填空）—You are a great swimmer.—Thanks.It’s because I______a lot these days.A．have been practising B．was practisingC．would practise D．had practised12．（2020·天津卷单项填空）The number of medical schools reached18in the early1990s and______around that level since.A．are remaining B．have remainedC．is remaining D．has remained13.（2020·江苏卷单项填空）If you look at all sides of the situation,you’ll find probably a solution that______ everyone.A.suitB.suitedC.suitsD.has suited14.（2020·江苏卷单项填空）Instead of getting down to a new task as I_____,he examined the previous work again.A.had expectedB.have expectedC.would expectD.expect三、2019年高考真题1.【2019·江苏卷·单项填空】22.The musician along with his band members___________ten performances in the last three months.A.givesB.has givenC.have givenD.give2.A few months after he had arrived in China,Mr.Smith___________in love with the people and culture there.A.would fallB.had fallenC.has fallenD.fell3.【2019·江苏卷·单项填空】33.They are trying to make sure that5G terminals_________by2022for the BeijingWiner Olympics.A.will installB.will have been installedC.are installedD.have been installed4.【2019·天津卷·单项填空】2.I__________to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage，but I couldn't manage it.A.had hopedB.am hopingC.have hopedD.would hope5.【2019·天津卷·单项填空】8.Amy,as well as her brothers,____________a warm welcome when returning to the village last week.A.is givenB.are givenC.was givenD.were given6.【2019·新课标I卷·语法填空】Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations,three are declining,six ___70___(be)stable,one is increasing,and nine lack enough data.7.【2019·新课标II卷·语法填空】Picking up her“Lifetime Achievement”award，proud Irene___64___(declare)she had no plans__to retire__(retire)from her36-year-old business.8.【2019·新课标II卷·语法填空】I don't see any reason to give up work.I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I___66___(make)over the years9.【2019·新课标II卷·短文改错】And the other is that I wanted to help people in need.【答案】And the otheriswas that I wanted to help people in need.10.【2019·新课标III卷·语法填空】Our hosts shared many of their experiences and___65___(recommend)wonderful places to eat，shop，and visit.For breakfast，we were able to eat papaya(木瓜)and other fruits from their trees in the backyard.11.【2019·新课标III卷·语法填空】O n the last day of our week-long stay，we___69___(invite)to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars四、2018年高考真题1.【2018·北京】1.—Hi,I’m Peter.Are you new here?I haven’t seen you around?—Hello,Peter.I’m Bob.I just_________on Monday.A.startB.have startedC.startedD.had started2.【2018·北京】4.Susan had quit her well-paid job and_________as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited her last year.A.is workingB.was workingC.has workedD.had worked3.【2018·北京】7.China’s high-speed railways_________from9,000to25,000kilometers in the past few years.A.are growingB.have grownC.will growD.had grown4.【2018·北京】9.A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who_________in the mountains for two days.A.are trappingB.have been trappedC.were trappingD.had been trapped5.【2018·天津】13.My washing machine___________this week,so I have to wash my clothes by hand.A.was repairedB.is repairedC.is being repairedD.has been repaired6.【2018·江苏】31.Hopefully in2025we will no longer be e-mailing each other,for we_______more convenient electronic communication tools by then.A.have developedB.had developedC.will have developedD.developed7.【2018·江苏】30.I was sent to the village last month to see how the development plan_______in the past two years.A.had been carried outB.would be carried outC.is being carried outD.has been carried out8.【2018·新课标卷I·语法填空】While running regularly can’t make you live forever,the review says it64 (be)more effective at lengthening life65walking,cycling or swimming.9.【2018·新课标卷I·短文改错】During my last winter holiday,I went to the countryside with my father to visit my grandparents.I find a big change there.9.【2018·新课标卷II·语法填空】Diets have changed in China—and so too has its top crop.Since2011,the country ___61___（grow）more corn than rice.10.【2018·新课标卷II·语法填空】The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between2005—when the government___68___(start)a soil-testing program that/which gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers -and2011,fertilizer use dropped by7.7million tons.11.【2018·新课标卷II·语法填空】True to a gorilla's unaggressive nature,the huge animal____69____(mean)me no real harm.2017年高考真题1.【2017·天津卷】8.I________down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road.A.was drivingB.have drivenC.would driveD.drove2.【2017·江苏卷】27.He hurried home,never once looking back to see if he_______.A.was being followedB.was followingC.had been followedD.followed3.【2017·江苏卷】31.He’s been informed that he_______for the scholarship because of his academic background.A.hasn’t qualifiedB.hadn’t qualifiedC.doesn’t qualifyD.wasn’t qualifying4.【2017·北京卷】33.People______better access to health care than they used to,and they’re living longer as a result.A.will haveB.haveC.hadD.had had5.【2017·北京卷】29.In the1950s in the USA,most families had just one phone at home,and wireless phones _______yet.A.haven’t inventedB.haven’t been inventedC.hadn’t inventedD.hadn’t been invented6.【2017·北京卷】24.—______that company to see how they think of our product yesterday?—Yes.They are happy with it.A.Did you callB.Have you calledC.Will you callD.Were you calling7.【2017·江苏】24.The publication of Great Expectations,which_______both widely reviewed and highly praised, strengthened Dickens’status as a leading novelist.A.isB.areC.wasD.were8.【2017·天津卷】6.Nowadays,cycling,along with jogging and swimming,_______as one of the best all-round forms of exercise.A.regardB.is regardedC.are regardedD.regards。
高考英语一轮复习讲练测(新教材新高考)：第07讲 动词的时态、语态和主谓一致(练) (解析版)
第08讲动词的时态、语态和主谓一致（模拟精练+真题演练）养成良好的答题习惯，是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。
做题前，要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项，并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时，切忌跟着感觉走，最好按照题目序号来做，不会的或存在疑问的，要做好标记，要善于发现，找到题目的题眼所在，规范答题，书写工整;答题完毕时，要认真检查，查漏补缺，纠正错误。
总之，在最后的复习阶段，学生们不要加大练习量。
在这个时候，学生要尽快找到适合自己的答题方式，最重要的是以平常心去面对考试。
英语最后的复习要树立信心，考试的时候遇到难题要想“别人也难”，遇到容易的则要想“细心审题”。
越到最后，考生越要回归基础，单词最好再梳理一遍，这样有利于提高阅读理解的效率。
另附高考复习方法和考前30天冲刺复习方法。
用单词的适当形式填空1. (2023届江苏省南通徐州市等5地高三三模试题) China is known as the home of tea. It is said that Shennong discover tea around 2700 B．C．At first, tea leaves ________ (chew).【答案】were chewed【解析】考查时态和语态。
句意：起初，茶叶被咀嚼。
此处在句中作谓语，句子描述过去发生的事，应用一般过去时，主语tea leaves和动词chew是被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动，主语是复数，故填were chewed。
2.(2023届河北省衡水中学高三下学期五调试题)The new regulation, which came into force starting from March l,2023,______ (prohibit) six kinds of behaviors that harm ancient tea plants and_their growing envi ronment.【答案】prohibits【解析】考查谓语动词的时态、主谓一致。
动词的时态和语态
语法互动(七)动词的时态与语态1动词时态中考考点1.动词的第三人称的单数形式、过去式、过去分词和现在分词的构成。
2.动词的八种时态的基本结构及用法。
考点----- 般现在时1.一般现在时的基本结构及用法(1)结构：当主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
⑵动词的第三人称单数形式变化规则如下：(3)用法：①表示事实、现状、性质或经常性、习惯性的动作。
常与seldom, often, usually, always, sometimes, today, every day, once a week, every five minutes, on Sundays等时间状语连用。
I go to school at seven every day.我每天七点去上学。
②表示普遍真理和客观事实。
The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。
③表示在现在时间里所发生的一个动作。
Here comes the bus.公共汽车来了。
④在时间和条件状语从句中代替一般将来时。
I'll go shopping with my mother if she is free tomorrow.如果明天我妈妈有空的话，我将和她去购物。
2.一般现在时的疑问句、否定句_般疑主语4■动词原形他?问句以咬+单数第三人称主语+I动词原形慎他? __________Be+主语+其他？疑问词（作主语或主语的定语）+特殊疑动词谟他?__回包T疑问词（非主语）+一般疑问句？主语' t+动词原形4■其他.单三人称+dDesn' H■动词原形他* 主语他.Do you see the bird in the tree?He doesn’ t go to school by bus.考点二一般过去时1.一般过去时的用法及标志词一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态。
句中的谓语动词要变为过去式。
初中英语知识点归纳动词的时态和语态变化规则
初中英语知识点归纳动词的时态和语态变化规则动词是英语语法中最为重要的一类词性，它能够表示动作、状态、行为等。
在使用动词时，我们需要根据不同的时间、语态等要素来灵活变化。
本文将对初中英语中动词时态和语态的变化规则进行归纳总结。
一、动词的时态变化规则1. 一般现在时（Simple Present Tense）- 表示经常性、习惯性或普遍真理：I play basketball every day.- 在第三人称单数形式上要加s或es：She reads books in her free time.- 否定形式在动词前加do not或does not：They do not like swimming.2. 一般过去时（Simple Past Tense）- 表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态：I visited my grandparents yesterday.- 大部分动词在动词原形后加ed：He worked hard last night.- 部分特殊动词有不规则变化形式：I saw a movie last night.3. 现在进行时（Present Continuous Tense）- 表示现在正在进行的动作：She is watching TV now.- 动词be的不同形式变化 + 现在分词形式进行时态构成：They are playing football in the park.4. 过去进行时（Past Continuous Tense）- 表示过去某段时间内正在进行的动作：He was studying when I called him.- 动词be的过去式 + 现在分词形式构成过去进行时态：They were playing chess last night.5. 现在完成时（Present Perfect Tense）- 表示发生在过去，但对现在有影响或结果的动作或状态：I have finished my homework.- 助动词have/has + 过去分词形式构成现在完成时态：He has lived in London for five years.6. 过去完成时（Past Perfect Tense）- 表示过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生的动作：She had already left when I arrived.- had + 过去分词形式构成过去完成时态：They had studied English for three years before they went abroad.7. 一般将来时（Simple Future Tense）- 表示将来某个时间将要发生的动作：They will have a meeting tomorrow.- 助动词will + 动词原形构成一般将来时态：I will send you the email later.8. 过去将来时（Future in the Past Tense）- 表示过去某个时间将要发生的动作：He said he would visit us the next day.- 助动词would + 动词原形构成过去将来时态：She told me she would help me with my homework.二、动词的语态变化规则1. 主动语态（Active Voice）- 句子的主语是动作的执行者：I write a letter.2. 被动语态（Passive Voice）- 句子的主语是动作的承受者，动作的执行者通常被省略：The letter is written by me.- 助动词be + 过去分词形式构成被动语态：The book was borrowed from the library.总结：初中英语中，动词的时态和语态变化规则是我们学习和掌握动词的重要内容。
高考英语必考点专题07动词的时态和语态精讲深剖含解析
专题07 动词的时态和语态—精讲深剖一．语法填空1.（2019全国I卷）In recent years some Inuit people in Nunayut _____ (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a belief that populations are increasing.【答案】have reported【解析】考查时态。
根据上下文语境，尤其是时间状语in recent years可知，主句用现在完成时态，故填have reported。
2.（2019全国II卷）Picking up her“Lifetime Achievement”award，proud Irene ______(declare) she had no plans to retire from her 36-year-old business.【答案】declared【解析】考查谓语动词。
根据上下文可知，该句主语为Irene，此处为谓语成分，根据后文had 以及said 可知用一般过去时态，故填declared。
3.（2019全国III卷）Our hosts shared many of their experiences and _____(recommend)wonderful places to eat，shop，and visit.【答案】recommended【解析】考查一般过去时态。
句意：我们的主人跟我们分享了很多他们的经历并推荐了一些很好的吃饭、购物和参观的地方。
“and”前后两个动作“shared”与“recommended”是并列关系，时态一致。
故填recommended。
4.（2019浙江卷）When every pupil in the school wears the uniform, nobody ______ (have) to worry about fashion(时尚).【答案】will have/has【解析】考查时态。
(完整版)动词的时态和语态变化规则
(完整版)动词的时态和语态变化规则一、动词的时态变化规则动词的时态指的是动作发生的时间。
汉语中的动词时态有三种形式：过去时、现在时和将来时。
下面是动词在不同时态下的变化规则：1. 过去时动词的过去时表示动作或状态发生在过去的时间。
在汉语中，动词的过去时通常通过在动词前加上过去时标志词（如“了”、“过”、“了解”等）来表示。
例如：- 我昨天去了图书馆。
- 她去年去过美国。
2. 现在时动词的现在时表示动作或状态发生在现在的时间。
在汉语中，动词的现在时可以通过以下几种方式来表示：- 在动词前面加上表示现在的时间状语（如“现在”、“正在”、“每天”等）- 在动词前面加上表示频率的词语（如“经常”、“常常”、“总是”等）例如：- 我现在在写作业。
- 他经常打篮球。
3. 将来时动词的将来时表示动作或状态将要发生的时间。
在汉语中，动词的将来时可以通过以下几种方式来表示：- 在动词前面加上表示将来的时间状语（如“明天”、“以后”、“将来”等）- 在动词前面加上表示计划或意向的词语（如“打算”、“计划”、“想要”等）例如：- 我明天要去游乐园。
- 她打算明年去留学。
二、动词的语态变化规则动词的语态表示动作的主体与动作的关系。
汉语中的动词语态有两种形式：主动语态和被动语态。
1. 主动语态在主动语态中，动作的执行者是动词的主语。
这种语态表达的是动作的主体主动地执行了动作。
例如：- 她写了一首诗。
- 我们清理了房间。
2. 被动语态在被动语态中，动作的执行者是动词的宾语。
这种语态强调的是动作的接受者。
被动语态的构成是：动词“是/被” + 动词的过去分词。
例如：- 这篇文章被他认为很好。
- 这个问题被我们解决了。
以上是动词的时态和语态变化的基本规则，希望对您有所帮助。
动词的语态与时态的结合
动词的语态与时态的结合动词是语法的核心部分，它不仅表达了句子的主要动作或状态，还可以通过语态和时态的灵活搭配来进一步丰富表达的含义。
语态是动词在句子中表示的动作主体与受体之间的关系，包括主动语态和被动语态。
时态则是动词所表达的动作或状态在时间上的位置，包括现在时、过去时和将来时等。
一、主动语态与时态的结合主动语态表示主语执行动作，动作的发出者是主语本身。
在时态上，主动语态可以使用现在时、过去时和将来时等。
下面是具体的例子：1.现在时：主动语态中的现在时表示现在正在进行的动作或持续的状态。
例如：- 每天我都锻炼身体。
- 我通常在晚上6点看电视。
2.过去时：主动语态中的过去时表示过去已经发生的动作或状态。
例如：- 我昨天去了一趟图书馆。
- 上个星期我学习了一整天。
3.将来时：主动语态中的将来时表示将来将要发生的动作或状态。
例如：- 明天我要见我的朋友。
- 下个月我将开始新的工作。
二、被动语态与时态的结合被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，动作的执行者并不在主语本身。
同样，在时态上，被动语态可以使用现在时、过去时和将来时等。
下面是具体的例子：1.现在时：被动语态中的现在时表示现在正承受某种动作或状态。
例如：- 这个问题被所有的学生讨论着。
- 这封信正在被寄出。
2.过去时：被动语态中的过去时表示过去已经承受了某种动作或状态。
例如：- 这个文件昨天被找到了。
- 这些书都被我借走了。
3.将来时：被动语态中的将来时表示将来将要承受某种动作或状态。
例如：- 这个项目会在明天被完成。
- 这个任务将由他来完成。
三、时态和语态的综合运用通过综合运用时态和语态，我们可以表达更加精确和丰富的意思。
下面是一些例子：1.现在进行时的被动语态：表示正在进行的动作或状态，且主语是被动的情况。
例如：- 这个项目正在被讨论。
- 我的车正在被修理。
2.过去完成时的主动语态：表示过去发生的动作，但与现在存在一定关系。
例如：- 我已经完成了这份报告。
七年级英语动词知识点总结
七年级英语动词知识点总结动词是英语语法中的一个重要组成部分，是句子的谓语动词。
在英语学习中，动词是一个非常基础和重要的知识点。
本文对七年级英语动词知识点进行总结。
一、动词的分类英语中的动词可以分为三类：实义动词、情态动词和助动词。
实义动词：表示具体的动作或状态，如“run”（跑）、“sleep”（睡觉）、“like”（喜欢）等。
情态动词：表示语气、程度、推测等情感或态度，如“can”（能够）、“should”（应该）等。
助动词：在构成时态和语态时起辅助的作用，如“be”（是）、“have”（拥有）等。
二、动词的时态时态是动词的重要语法概念，表示动作发生的时间。
英语中的时态可以分为一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时等多种。
1. 一般现在时：表示现在正在发生或经常发生的动作。
常用的句子形式为主语+实义动词原形。
例句：I often go to school by bus.（我经常坐公交车去学校。
）2. 一般过去时：表示已经发生了的动作或状态。
常用的句子形式为主语+实义动词过去式。
例句：I watched a movie last night.（昨晚我看了一部电影。
）3. 一般将来时：表示将来要发生的动作或状态。
常用的句子形式为主语+will+实义动词原形。
例句：I will go to see my grandparents next weekend.（下周末我将去看望我的祖父母。
）三、动词的语态英语中的动词还涉及到语态的问题，即主动语态和被动语态。
动词的语态表示发生动作的主体和在动作中的地位。
1. 主动语态：表示主语做主动的事情。
常用的句子形式为主语+实义动词，即动作的承受者在句中通常是宾语（直接宾语或间接宾语）。
例句：She sings a song.（她唱了一首歌。
）2. 被动语态：表示主语是动作的承受者。
常用的句子形式为主语+be+过去分词。
例句：A song is sung by her.（一首歌被她唱了。
动词 用法
动词用法动词是语言中的一个重要组成部分，它用来表示动作、状态或行为的词类。
在句子中，动词通常扮演着主谓关系的重要角色，是句子的核心成分之一。
本文将详细介绍动词的用法，包括动词的词性、时态、语态、情态动词以及常见动词用法的注意事项等方面，希望能够帮助读者更好地理解和运用动词。
一、动词的基本概念1. 动词词性动词是词汇中的一类词性，它是用来表示行为或状态的词语，如“走、看、听、喜欢、是、在等”。
在句子中，动词往往可以用来描述主语的动作或状态，例如：“他跑步”、“她悲伤”等。
2. 动词的时态动词有不同的时态，包括一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时等。
动词的时态可以用来表示动作的发生时间，如“我爱你”（一般现在时），“他昨天去了商店”（一般过去时），“我们明天会去旅行”（一般将来时）。
3. 动词的语态动词的语态分为主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，而被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
“他吃了苹果”（主动语态），“苹果被他吃了”（被动语态）。
二、动词的时态用法1. 一般现在时一般现在时表示经常性的动作或真理，如“我每天早上都锻炼”、“太阳从东方升起”。
2. 一般过去时一般过去时表示过去某个时间点或一段时间内发生的动作，如“昨天我去了图书馆”、“小时候我常常做梦”。
3. 一般将来时一般将来时表示将来某个时间点或一段时间内将要发生的动作，如“下周我们去旅行”、“他明年要结婚”。
4. 现在进行时现在进行时表示现在正在进行的动作，如“她正在读书”、“他们正在做饭”。
5. 过去进行时过去进行时表示过去某个时间点或一段时间内正在进行的动作，如“他昨天上午正在工作”、“我们去年这个时候正在旅行”。
6. 将来进行时将来进行时表示将来某个时间点或一段时间内将要进行的动作，如“下周这个时候我们将正在度假”、“明年他们将在这里建造一座桥”。
7. 现在完成时现在完成时表示过去某个时间点或一段时间内发生的动作对现在产生的影响，如“我已经完成了作业”、“她到目前为止还没回来”。
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网络课程内部讲义动词的时态、语态教师：宋焕然“在线名师”→ 资料室免费资料任你下载动词的时态、语态---- 一般过去时和现在完成时基本概念A.* I′ve already finished my homework.* I finished it last night.B.* We’ve known each other for many years.注意：* He has left home for many years.* He has died since 1990.Ex:1. --- Where _____ you _______ （put）the book? I can’t see it anywhere.--- I _______ （put）it right here. But now it’s gone.2. It _____ that pleasant music keeps people from becoming tired at their work.A. findsB. has foundC. was foundD. has been found3. --- Who is Jerry Cooper?--- ______? I saw you shake hands with him at the meeting.A. Don’t you meet him yetB. Hadn’t you met him yetC. Didn’t you meet him yetD. Haven’t you met him yet4. When I was at college I _______ three foreign languages but I ________ all except a few words of each.A. spoke; had forgottenB. spoke; have forgottenC. had spoken; had forgotten C. had spoken; have forgotten5. When Jack arrived he learned Mary _______ for almost an hour.A. had goneB. had set offC. had leftD. had been away--- 现在完成时、过去完成时和将来完成时基本概念* He has finished his work now.* He has been a teacher for ten years.* He said he had finished his work.* He said he had been a teacher for 10 years.* He will have finished his work by the end of next year.* He will have been a teacher by the end of next year.“在线名师”→答疑室随时随地提问互动Ex:1. Helen _________ her key in the office so she _______to wait until her husband returned.A. left; hadB. had left; hadC. had left; hasD. has left; had2. I’m glad to tell you that we ______ the work in less time than we _____ expected to.A. finished; wereB. have finished; areC. have finished; wereD. had finished; were3 --- Are you going to the movies tonight?--- Yes, I ______ my work by that time.A. will finishB. finishC. am going to finishD. will have finished4. The police found that the house _______ and s lot of things ______.A. has broken into; has been stolenB. had broken into; had been stolenC. has been broken into; stolenD. had been broken into; stolen5. I ______ at the station half an hour ago, but the train _____ yet.A. arrived, hadn’t comeB. was arriving, hadn’t comeC. arrived, hasn’t comeD. had arrived, didn’t come6. --- Have you called 119?--- As soon as I saw the smoke, I called the firemen, but they _______ yet.A. didn’t arriveB. hadn’t arrivedC. haven’t arrivedD. wouldn’t arrive--- 现在完成时、过去完成时和一般过去时基本概念* The old man _____ two days after he had been sent to hospital.A. diedB. would dieC. had diedD. has died* Old McDonald gave up smoking for a while, but soon ______ to his old ways.A. returnedB. has returnedC. returnsD. had returned* I _____ my son _____ a doctor, but he wasn’t good enough at science.A. hoped; would becomeB. had hoped; would becomeC. had hoped; will becomeD. hope; will become* I _____ to take a good holiday this year, but I wasn’t able to get away.A. hopeB. have hopedC. had hopedD. hopedEx:1. My mind wasn’t on what he was saying so I’m afraid I ______ half of it.A. was missingB. had missedC. will missD. missed2. --- Have you decided?--- Yes. I _______ immediately you told me the news.A. have decidedB. decidedC. will decideD. had decided3 --- Look! Someone has spilt （洒）coffee on the carpet.--- Well, it ______ me.A. isn’tB. wasn’tC. hasn’t beenD. hadn’t been“在线名师”→ 资料室免费资料任你下载4. --- Haven’t I told you that I like the beef well done?--- Yes, but I _______ it longer than I usually do.A. was cookingB. will cookC. cookedD. had cooked5. All morning when she waited for the medical report from the doctor, her nervousness _________.A. has grownB. is growingC. grewD. had grown6. I thought Jim would say something about his school report, but he _____ it.A. doesn’t mention itB. hadn’t mentionedC. didn’t mentionD. hasn’t mentioned7. --- Thank goodness, you’re here! What _____ you?--- Traffic jam.A. keepsB. is keepingC. had keptD. kept8. --- Has George returned from Japan yet? I’d like to meet him.--- I’m terribly sorry, but he ________ back here only for last weekend.A. has beenB. would beC. had beenD. was9. --- How long have you been in this office?--- Just a few minutes. My cousins _______ here together with me.A. have walkedB. had walkedC. walkedD. have been walking10. Millions of pounds’ worth of damage _____ by a storm which swept across the north of England last night.A. has been causedB. had been causedC. will be causedD. will have been caused--- 现在进行时、过去进行时和一般过去时基本概念* I don’t really work here. I ____ until the new secretary comes.A. just help outB. have just helped outC. am just helping outD. will just help out* --- Hey, look where you are going!--- Oh, I’m terribly sorry. _______.A. I’m not noticing.B. I wasn’t noticing.C. I haven’t noticed.D. I don’t notice.E. I didn’t notice.F. I won’t notice.比较：* I wrote a letter yesterday.* I was writing a letter yesterday.* I was writing a letter when you came in last night.*He _______ a book about China last year, but I don’t know if he _____it.A. wrote; has finishedB. was writing; had finishedC. was writing; has finishedD. was writing; will finish“在线名师”→答疑室随时随地提问互动* Tom _______ into the house when no one _________ .A. slipped; was noticingB. had slipped; noticedC. slipped; had noticedD. was slipping; noticed* As she _______ the newspaper, Granny _______ asleep.A. read; was fallingB. was reading; fellC. was reading; was fallingD. read; fell* The last time I _____ Jane she _____ cotton in the fields.A. had seen; was pickingB. saw; pickedC. had seen; pickedD. saw; was pickingEx:1. ---Is this raincoat yours?--- No, mine ______ there behind the door.A. is hangingB. hangsC. has been hangedD. hung2. --- How are you planning to travel to Shanghai?--- I ____ yet, but I ______ taking a train.A. haven’t decided; am consideringB. haven’t decided, considerC. didn’t decided; am consideringD. hadn’t decided; have considered3. --- What’s wrong with your coat?--- Just now when I wanted to get off the bus, the man next to me _____ on it.A. satB. had satC. had been sittingD. was sitting4. David and Susan didn’t give in to each other, so they _______ the whole time they were together.A. quarreledB. were quarrellingC. had quarreledD. had been quarrelling5. --- Are you still busy?--- Yes. I _______ my work, and it won’t take long.A. just finishB. am just finishingC. have just finishedD. am just going to finish6. --- Will you please repeat your idea?--- Certainly. But I think it certain you ______ your attention.A. didn’t payB. weren’t payingC. hadn’t paidD. wouldn’t pay--- 一般将来时和过去将来时基本概念:A. will （shall） do* --- You’ve left the light on.--- Oh, so I have. __ and turn it off.A. I’ll goB. I’ve goneC. I goD. I’m goingB. be going to do* I’m going to fly to Shanghai tomorrow.“在线名师”→ 资料室免费资料任你下载其它可表将来时的形式C. be doing （come; go; leave; arrive, …）* He’s arriving tomorrow.D. be to do* We are to meet at the station at six tonight.E. be about to do … （ when） …* The train is about to leave.* He was about to leave when the telephone rang.Ex.1.--- Come in, Peter, I want to show you something.--- Oh, how nice of you. I _____ you _____ to bring me a gift.A. never think; are goingB. never thought; were goingC. didn’t think; are goingD. hadn’t thought; were going2. We were all surprised when he made it clear that he _____ office soon.A. leavesB. would leaveC. leftD. had left3. If everything goes according to the plan, the first stage _________ by December.A. would completeB. will completeC. would be completedD. will be completed4. --- What happened to you the other day?--- I ______ to Beijing, but I missed my flight.A. would flyB. was flyingC. had flownD. flew5. By the time Jane gets home, her aunt ______ for London to attend a meeting.A. will leaveB. leavesC. will have leftD. left----- 主将从现基本概念* I′ll tell him when he ______ （come） back.* We′ll go out if we ________ （be） free tomorrow.* I don′t know when he ______ （ come） back tonight.* Don′t get off the bus until it ______ （stop）.* Please tell me as soon as you _______ （finish） it.* I decided to go to the library as soon as I _______.A. finish what I didB. finished what I didC. would finish what I was doingD. finished what I was doingEx.1. The secretary is going to report to the manager as soon as he ______.A. will arriveB. arrivesC. is going to arriveD. is arriving“在线名师”→答疑室随时随地提问互动2.If the city noises _______ from increasing, people ______ shout to be heard at the dinner table 20 yearsfrom now.A. are not kept ; will have toB. are not kept; have toC. do not keep; will have toD. do not keep, have to3. --- Can you attend the party tomorrow?--- I think I can when my headache ________ thoroughly.（完全）A. will disappearB. is disappearingC. disappearsD. is disappeared4. The house could fall down soon if no one ______ some quick repair work.A. has doneB. is doingC. doesD. had done5. Please remember to send me one of your photos next time you ______ to me.A. will writeB. have writtenC. writeD. wrote--- 现在完成时与现在完成进行时基本概念* He has read the book .* He has been reading the book for three hours.* --- Hi, Tracy, you look tired.--- I am tired. I _______ the living room all day.A. paintedB. had paintedC. have been paintingD. have paintedEx.1. It _____ every day so far this week.A. is rainingB. rainedC. rainsD. has been raining2. --- Have you had any letters from him?--- No, I haven’t, but my wife _______ him regularly .A. has heard fromB. has been hearing fromC. had heard fromD. had been hearing from3. Since young I _________ about all the suffering in the world, and wondering why this is so.A. had thoughtB. am thinkingC. have been thinkingD. have thought4. --- Was the driving pleasant when you vacationed in Mexico last summer?--- No, it _____ for four days when we arrived, so the roads were very muddy.A. was rainingB. would be rainingC. had been rainingD. has rained--- 动词的被动语态--- 被动语态的构成“在线名师”→ 资料室免费资料任你下载done（repaired）时态 be一般现在时一般过去时一般将来时过去将来时现在完成时过去完成时将来完成时现在进行时过去进行时情态动词的被动--- 被动语态的一些特殊用法A. 有些动词有时形式上为主动, 但表达被动含义* His theory proved to be right.* The kind of cloth washes well.* The book sells well.* Your hands feel cold.* You look ill.* This shop doesn’t open on Sundays.* The door won’t close.B. 有些动词只用主动, 不用被动look; smell; seem; sound; taste;… （系动词）begin; start; last; cost happen; take place ；break out, belong to; …Ex.1.--- Have you moved into the house?--- Not yet. The rooms ________.A. are being paintedB. are paintingC. are paintedD. are being painting2.--- ________ the sports meet might be put off.--- Yes, it all depends on the weather.A. I’ve been toldB. I’ve toldC. I’m toldD. I was told3. His sister left home in 1998, and since.A. had not been heard ofB. has not been heard ofC. had not heard ofD. has not heard of4. --- Your job ______ open for your return.--- Thanks.A. will be keptB. will keepC. had keptD. had been kept“在线名师”→答疑室随时随地提问互动5. ---- I don’t suppose the police know who did it.--- Well, surprisingly they do. A man has been arrested and ______ now.A. has been questionedB. is being questionedC. is questioningD. has questioned6. The hero’s story _______ differently in the newspapers.A. was reportedB. was reportingC. reportsD. reported7. The water ______ cool when I jumped into the pool for morning exercise.A. was feltB. is feltC. feltD. feels8. No decision ______ about any future appointment until all the candidates have been interviewed.A. will be madeB. is madeC. is being madeD. had been made9. I got caught in the rain and my suit ______.A. has ruinedB. had ruinedC. has been ruinedD. had been ruined10. The policeman’s attention was suddenly caught by a small box which ________placed under the Minister’s car.A. has beenB. was beingC. had beenD. would be11. The flowers were so lovely that they ______ out in no time.A. soldB. had been soldC. were soldD. would sell12. --- Do you have any problems if you _____ this job?--- Well, I’m thinking about the salary.A. offerB. will offerC. are offeredD. will be offered13. These trousers _____ well and ____ long.A. wash; lastB. are washed; lastC. wash’ are lastedD. are washing; lasting14. Professor William keeps telling his students that future ______ to the well-educated.A. belongsB. is belongedC. is belongingD. will be belonged--- 基本概念检测1.You don’t need to describe her. I _______ her several times.A. had metB. have metC. metD. meet2.I don’t think Jim saw me; he ______ into space.A. just staredB. was just staringC. has just staredD. had just stared3.--- Nancy is not coming tonight.--- But she _______!A. promisesB. promisedC. will promiseD. had promised4. His workmates thought highly of him though he didn’t think he _____ anything special.A. had doneB. has doneC. would doD. will do5. --- Why didn’t you buy the video camera you had longed for?--- I ________, but I was $100 short.A. planned toB. had planned toC. would plan toD. have planned to6.--- I dropped in at your house at about eight yesterday evening, but you weren’t in.“在线名师”→ 资料室免费资料任你下载--- I ________ regular exercises at the club.A. didB. had doneC. was doingD. have done7. --- Has Sam finished his homework today?--- I have no idea. He _____ it this morning.A. didB. has doneC. was doingD. had done8. The design liaison meeting ______ ten days by the time it ends.A. must have lastedB. will have lastedC. would lastD. has lasted9. The crazy fans _______ patiently for two hours, and they would wait until the movie star arrived.A. were waitingB. had been waitingC. had waitedD. would wait10. The discussion ____ alive when an interesting topic was brought in.A. was becomingB. had becomeC. has becomeD. became11. He kept looking at her, wondering whether he ______ her somewhere.A. sawB. has seenC. seesD. had seen12. Sales of CDs have greatly increased since the early 1990, when people _____ to enjoy the advantages of this new technology .A. beginB. beganC. have beganD. had began13. --- Got your driving license?--- No. I _______ too busy to have enough practice, so I didn’t take the driving test last week. I’m going to next week.A. wasB. have beenC. amD. had been14. The company _____ a rise in salary for ages, but nothing has happened yet.A. has been promisingB. has promisedC. promisedD. promises15. Scientists have many theories about how the universe ____ into beingA. cameB. was comingC. had comeD. would come16. Would you please keep silent? The weather report _______ and I want to listen.A. is broadcastB. is being broadcastC. has been broadcastD. had been broadcast17. The population of Jiangsu _______ to more than twice what it was in 1949. The figure is now approaching 74 million.A. has grownB. have grownC. grewD. are growing18. Edward, you play so well. But I you played the piano.A. didn't knowB. hadn't knownC. don't knowD. haven't known19. The house belongs to my aunt but she _______ here any more.A. hasn’t livedB. didn’t liveC. hadn’t livedD. doesn’t live20. Let’s keep to the point or we ______ any decision.A. will never reachB. have never reachedC. never reachD. never reached21. --- You were out when I dropped in at your house.--- Oh, I _______ for a friend from London at the airport.A. was waitingB. had waitedC. am waitingD. have waited22. --- Did you watch the basketball match yesterday?--- Yes. I did. You know, my brother _____ in the match.A. is playingB. was playingC. has playedD. had played23. More patients _________ in hospital this year than last year.A. treatedB. have treatedC. had been treatedD. have been treated24. When the old man ______ to walk back to his home, the sun ______ itself behind the mountain.A. started; had already hiddenB. had started; had alreadyC. had started; was hidingD. was starting; hid25. They _______ on the program for almost one week before I joined them, and now we _______ it as nogood results have come out so far.A. had been working; are still workingB. had worked; were still workingC. have been working; have workedD. have worked; still working26. I _______ along the street looking for a place to park when the accident ______.A. went, was occurringB. went; occurredC. was going; occurredD. was going; had occurred27. At the end of the meeting, it was announced that an agreement ________.A. has been reachedB. had been reachedC. has reachedD. had reached28. --- Ouch! You hurt me!--- I am sorry. But I _________ any harm. I ________ to drive a rat out.A. didn’t mean; triedB. don’t mean; am tryingC. haven’t meant; triedD. didn’t mean; was trying29. --- Have you handed in your schoolwork yet?--- Yes, I have. I guess it _______ now.A. has gradedB. is gradedC. is being gradedD. is grading30. --- Have you known Dr. Jackson for a long time?--- Yes, since she ______ the Chinese Society.A. has joinedB. joinsC. had joinedD. joined--- 难点易错点1. The trouble with such resources as coal, oil and gas ______ that they are not renewable.A. has beenB. areC. have beenD. is2. Because the shop ______, all the T-shirts are sold at half price.A. has closed downB. closed downC. is closing downD. had closed down3. --- I am sorry, I should not have been so rude to you.--- You _______ your temper （发脾气）, but that’s OK.A. have lostB. had lostC. did loseD. were losing4. --- I thought you wouldn’t mind.--- Well, as a matter of fact I _________; but you should have asked me first.A. didB. doC. won’tD. don’t5.The man is not reliable and not once ________ his promise.A. has he keptB. he has keptC. he keptD. did he keep6. --- This store has such high prices.--- I agree. Never again ______ here.A. I will shopB. I do shopC. will I shopD. have I shopped7. --- We’re late. The play has started.--- I wonder how long ago ________.A. it beganB. did it beginC. was it beginningD. it has begun8. Scientists think that continents _______ always where they ______ today.A. aren’t; areB. aren’t; wereC. weren’t; areD. weren’t; were9. --- Aren’t you surprised to see Bruce at the meeting?--- No, but I really didn’t think ______ here.A. he has beenB. he had beenC. he would beD. he is10. The country life he was used to _______ greatly since 1992.A. changeB. has changedC. changingD. have changed11. What we used to think ______ impossible now does seem possible.A. isB. wasC. has beenD. will be12. According to the literary review, Shakespeare his charities live through their language in his plays.A. will makeB. had madeC. was makingD. makes13. When he the door, he found his keys were nowhere.A. would openB. openedC. had openedD. was to open14. In a room above the store, where a party _______, some workers were busily setting the table.A. was to be heldB. has been heldC. will be heldD. is being held15. --- You speak very good French!--- Thanks. I ____________ French is Sichuan University for four years.A. studiedB. studyC. was studyingD. had studied16. I _______ in London for many years, but I’ve never regretted my final decision to move back to China.A. livedB. was livingC. have livedD. had lived17. The father as well as his three children ______ skating on the frozen river every Sunday afternoon in winter.A. is goingB. goC. goesD. are going18. --- What are you going to do this afternoon?--- I am going to the cinema with some friends. The film ______ quite early, sowe _______ to the bookstore after that.A. finished; are goingB. finished; goC. finishes; are goingD. finishes; go19. --- If the traffic hadn’t been so heavy, I could have been back by 6 o’clock.--- What a pity! Tina _______ here to see you.A. isB. wasC. would beD. has been20. If the weather had been better, we could have had a picnic. But it _____ all day.A. rainedB. rainsC. has rainedD. is raining21. If somebody had warned me, I wouldn’t have eaten that fish. Luckily, I _______ to hospital immediately.A. had been sentB. was sentC. have been sentD. sent22. Since I won the big prize, my telephone hasn’t stopped ringing. People ______to ask how I am going to spend the money.A. phoneB. will phoneC. were phoningD. are phoning23. He was hoping to go abroad but his parents _______ that they won’t support him unless he can borrow money from the bank.A. were decidingB. have decidedC. decidedD. will decide24. The company had about 20 notebook computers but only one-third ______ used regularly. Now we have60 working all day long.A. isB. areC. wasD. were25. --- It was really very kind of you to give me a lift home.--- Oh, don’t mention it. I ______ past your house anyway.A. was comingB. will comeC. had comeD. have come26. When you get the paper back, pay special attention to what ________.A. have markedB. have been markedC. had markedD. had been marked27. --- When I called you this morning, nobody answered the phone. Where ____?A. did you goB. have you goneC. were youD. had you been28. The telephone ______, but by the time I got indoors, it stopped.A. had rungB. was ringingC. ringsD. has rung29. Though we don’t know what was discussed, yet we can feel that the topic _____.A. had changedB. will changeC. was changedD. has been changed30. I called her many times yesterday evening, but I couldn’t get through. Her brother ______ on the phone all the time.A. was talkingB. has been talkingC. had talkedD. talked31. He _______ football regularly for many years when he was young.A. was playingB. playedC. has playedD. had played32. By the time he realizes he ______ into a trap, it’ll be too late for him to do anything about it.A. walksB. walkedC. has walkedD. had walked33. Daniel's family_______ their holiday in Huangshan this time next week.A. are enjoyingB. are to enjoyC. will enjoyD. will be enjoying34. John was given the same suitcase his father and grandfather ____ with them to school.A. tookB. had takenC. were takingD. would take35. When I talked with my grandma on the phone, she sounded weak, but by the time we ______ up , hervoice had been full of life.A. were hangingB. had hungC. hungD. would hangWord Test (P. 21---40)1. barrier2. awkward3. authority4. appetite5. approval6. alternative7. allowance8. adopt9. adjust 10. adolescence 11. botany 12. boundary 13. boycott 14. burglar 15. calculate 16. caution 17. ceiling 18. ceremony 19. candidate 20. catalogue 21. chorus 22. circumstance 23. circus 24. civilization 25. classify 26. clumsy 27. colleague 28. combine 29. comedy 30. commitment 31. companion 32. complex 33. competition 34. conflict 35. considerate 36. consult 37. contemporary 38. contribution 39. convince 40. constitution 41. construction 42. conference 43. credit 44. composition 45. commercial 46. civilian 47. character 48. champion 49. challenging 50. certificate答案：被动语态练习答案：1—5 AABAB 6—10 ACACC 11—14 CCAA基本概念检测答案：1—5 BBBAB 6—10 CCBBD 11—15 DBDAA 16—20 BAADA 21—20 ABDAA 26—30 CBDCD难点易错点答案：1—5 DCCDA 6—10 CACCB 11—15 BDDAA 16—20 ACCBA 21—20 BDBDA 26—30 BCBDA 31—35. BCDBC。