专题04阅读理解之主旨大意学与练-备战2021高考英语复习阅读理解分类练习
阅读04 阅读理解微技能——主旨大意题-2023年高考英语二轮复习
阅读04 阅读理解微技能—主旨大意题之真题引领
A total of 40 women met the criteria for a high fitness level with a capacity of 120 watts or higher，while 92 women were in the medium fitness category.A total of 59 were of low fitness level，with a peak workload of 80 watts or less，or having their tests stopped because of health problems.
阅读04 阅读理解微技能—主旨大意题之真题引领
30.Which of the following is the best title for the text? A.More Women Are Exercising to Prevent Dementia B.Middle-Aged Women Need to Do More Exercise
阅读04 阅读理解微技能—主旨大意题之考情分析
年份 2022 2021
2020
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应用文·夹叙夹议文 说明文·说明文 应用文·说明文
记叙文·夹叙夹议文 应用文·说明文 说明文·说明文 应用文·说明文 记叙文·说明文 说明文·说明文 记叙文·议论文 应用文·记叙文 说明文·议论文
阅读04 阅读理解微技能—主旨大意题之题型分析
思维品质体现英语学科核心素养的心智特征，而主旨大意题较 好地反映了学生的思维品质。主旨大意题旨在考查考生通过阅读文 章正确获取文章主旨，推断文章的主题、标题、段落大意、中心思 想的能力，即考查考生归纳概括以及辨别主要信息和次要信息的能 力。它既考查阅读理解能力，又考查深层次的推理、概括能力。此 类题目可分为三大类：标题归纳题、文章大意题和段落大意题。
2021届高三英语一轮专项复习：阅读理解之主旨大意题
阅读理解之主旨大意题概述阅读理解在高考英语中所占分值最大，可以说“得阅读者得高考”。
因此，在考前复习中，阅读理解能力的培养和训练依然是重中之重。
本部分从高考阅读理解命题入手，剖析高考阅读理解的命题特点，并结合高考真题对高考常考题型进行解题指导，从而有效地提高解题的速度和准度。
命题规律探究文章题材丰富从近几年的高考来看，高考语篇注重立德树人，突出文化品格，英语试卷中所有语篇围绕人与自我、人与社会、人与自然三大主题，题材涉及故事、科普、人文、社会现象、文化活动等。
短文体裁广泛短文体裁包括记叙文(主要是人物或故事)、说明文(主要是最新研究成果或调查发现等科普类文章)、议论文(特别是社会现象和热点问题)、应用文(信息类或广告类文章)等。
题型分布不均从整体来看，高考阅读理解的细节理解题占多数，推理判断题其次，然后是主旨大意题和词义猜测题，突出考查考生理解和运用语言解决问题的基本能力。
语篇特点鲜明1.原汁原味：高考语篇一般选自各大主流英文报刊和媒体网站，新材料尽量原汁原味。
2.词汇量大：高考语篇词汇量丰富，含有大量的派生词、词性转换词、熟词生义词以及英语短语和习语。
3.长难句多：高考语篇含有大量的长句和难句，句子结构复杂。
4.结构典型：高考语篇的文章多为总分或分总结构。
出题形式主旨大意题是高考阅读理解中常考的题型之一，主要考查考生把握全文主题和理解中心思想的能力。
通常以概括文章大意、概括段落大意、选择标题以及判断作者写作目的等形式出现。
一、文章大意题——突破文章主旨3法1.主题句法解答主旨大意题，找准文章的主题句是关键。
下面介绍两种快速找出主题句的方法。
(1)根据不同文体的写作方法来定位主题句①议论文主要是论述作者的某个观点，往往采用“总—分”或“总—分—总”的模式，所以主题句常在第一段或最后一段。
②说明文则是说明一个事物的用途或制作过程，主题句一般在首段。
③记叙文一般没有明显的主题句，需要根据文中叙述的内容和线索来概括文章大意，但是如果文章末段出现说理性的句子，则这个句子为主题句。
高考复习(英语)专项练习：(阅读理解)主旨大意题——文章大意类【含答案及解析】
考点分类练(七)主旨大意题——文章大意类A(2021·山东烟台一模)The paper, published in May by the Journal of Marketing Research, analysed purchases made from a single large European retailer and found that free shipping did encourage customers to buy more. But it also increased purchases of items that historically have higher return rates, such as clothing or products from lesser-known brands. Thus, returns also increased as a result of the promotions, to the point where profits were erased.In one part of the paper, during the typically four-week periods when free shipping was offered, online order volumes rose 11%. But when the cost of returns was compared with the sales proceeds(收入), the authors calculated that on balance the results for the promotion periods amounted to an average 0.7% loss.In one analysis that ran for two months, the researchers found that the return rate for customers who bought low-risk products—like office supplies, or products from well-known brands—averaged about 22%.In another analysis, the researchers attempted to better understand motivations of online shoppers by measuring their attitudes towards free shipping. They found two things were happening. First, consumers saw free shipping as compensation for taking a risk on a product. Second, feelings of gratitude for having shipping costs eliminated(消除) made them happy and thus more willing to make a risky purchase.Prof.Neslin advises companies to look at whether their own free-shipping promotions are profitable before they launch such campaigns. Also, he advises companies to identify which products get returned more often than others and try to provide customers with more information about those products, so they can make more informed choices.1.What erased the profits according to the first paragraph?A.The risky customers.B.The European retailer.C.The returned items.D.The lesser-known brands.2.What can we learn from the passage?A.Consumers risked purchasing a product when free shipping came along with it.B.Free shipping encouraged customers to buy products from well-known brands.C.Online order volumes rose only when free shipping was offered as compensation.D.Purchases of office supplies also increased during the typically four-week periods.3.What is the passage mainly about?A.Low-risk products.B.Return rates.C.Increased purchases.D.Free shipping.B(2021·湖北黄冈高三4月模拟)An advance in electronic publishing could make the e-book you are reading seem as dated as a silent film. Publishers hope to explore the growing success of e-books by releasing versions with added soundtracks(电影原声音乐) and musical accompaniments.The noise in the first multimedia books—released in Britain—include the rain hitting a window in a Sherlock Holmes tale. When the plot of a book reaches the most exciting part, background scores will create tension.Supporters argue that sound effects are the next logical development for e-books and will add excitement for younger readers. Critics, however, will argue that the noise will ruin the simple pleasure of having the imagination stimulated by reading.Caroline Michel, chief executive of the literary agency, said the new generation of computer-literate readers was used to multiple sensory input. She said,“Young people have split computer screens where they may be watching television and replying to an email at the same time. If that’s what the market wants then we should respond to the market.”Booktrack’s sound effects work by estimating the user’s reading speed. Each time you “turn” a page, the software reassesses where you have reached in the text and times the sounds to switch on accordingly. If the soundtrack becomes out of sync(同步), a click on any word will reset it.Some authors fear that a soundtrack could destroy the peace and quiet of libraries and ruin the pleasure of reading. David Nicholls, author of Our Day, the best-seller now released as a film, said, “This sounds like the opposite of reading. I have enough trouble reading an e-book because I’m constantly distracted by emails.”Stuart MacBride sells 18% of his books as electronic downloads. He said,“If I’m reading, I will do the noise in my head. I don’t need someone to tell me what teacups clinking sounds like. That would irritate me.”4.What do publishers expect an e-book soundtrack to do?A.Help to release an e-book as a film.B.Help readers improve reading speed.C.Add tension at a book’s exciting point.D.Get readers familiar with the background.5.Who is in favour of added soundtracks for e-books?A.Sherlock Holmes.B.Caroline Michel.C.David Nicholls.D.Stuart MacBride.6.What do we know about Stuart MacBride?A.He was a person who was easy to get angry.B.He knew a great deal of tea.C.Eighty-two percent of his books described crime.D.He imagined sounds related to the story when reading.7.What’s the main idea of the passage?A.Opinions about e-books with soundtracks.B.Response to the need of the book market.C.Reasons for traditional e-books becoming outdated.D.Suggestions on encouraging readers’ imagination.C(2021·湖南长郡十五校高三联考)For most people, graduation is an exciting day of the celebration of years of hard work. My graduation day was not.I remember that weekend two years ago. Family and friends had flown in from across the country to attend the celebration. But just like everyone else in my class, I had watched the economy turn from bad to worse. What I thought would take a week dragged into two, and then four, and 100 job applications later, I found myself in the exact same spot as I was before. And the due date to begin paying back my student loan was drawing closer.You know that feeling when you wake up in fear? That feeling became a constant in my life. Days felt like weeks, weeks like months. And the most frustrating part was no matter how much I tried, I just couldn’t seem to make any progress.So what did I do to maintain my sanity(理智)? I decided to write. Something about putting words on a page made everything seem a little clearer—a little brighter. Something about writing gave me hope. And if you want something badly enough, sometimes a little hope is all you need! So I put my thoughts into a children’s book. And then one day, without any sort of writing degree or contacts in the writing world—just a lot of hard work and perseverance—I was offered a publishing contract for my first book! After that, things slowly began to fall into place. I was offered a second book deal. Then, a few months later, I got an interview and was hired shortly.The moral of this story is... don’t give up. Even if things look bleak now, don’t give up. If you work hard, things will always get better. Oftentimes all we need is the courage to overcome difficulties.8.From paragraph 2, we can learn that the author probably .A.was having an exciting graduationB.was getting into financial difficultiesC.missed the life in the universityD.had just applied for the student loan9.How did the author change the frustrating situation?A.By sending applications.B.By offering contracts.C.By keeping writing.D.By publishing books.10.Which of the following can replace the underlined word “bleak” in the last paragraph?A.Unattractive.B.Hopeless.C.Thrilling.D.Promising.11.What is the passage mainly about?A.Success belongs to the persevering.B.A contented mind is a permanent feast.C.A smooth sea never makes a skillful mariner.D.Misfortunes tell us what fortune is.考点分类练(七)主旨大意题——文章大意类【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。
高考英语阅读理解专题练习-主旨大意题
英语阅读理解专题指导－主旨大意题主旨大意题在阅读理解试题中所占比例及难度都相当大。
主旨大意是作者在文章中要表达的主要内容，是全文的核心，作者在文章中努力通过各种细节信息来阐明中心话题。
因此，把握主旨大意对于正确理解全文具有重要意义。
要找出主旨大意，应采用快速阅读法浏览全文，阅读时要注意抓住表达中心思想的句子。
文章不同，中心句在文章中的位置也就不同，但一般情况下阅读时应特别留意文章的开头、结尾及各个段落的首句和尾句，因为它们往往包含文章的中心议题。
常见的命题方式：What is the main idea of this passage?What dose this passage mainly concern?The main theme of this passage is_____________The main point of the passage is___________Which of the following is the best title for the passage?The title that best expresses the theme of the passage is______The purpose of the writer writing this passage is_____Which of the following best describes the passage as a whole?文章主题常常可以通过文章的写作方法来体现，有以下几种情况：1。
题句位于句首。
主题句出现在文首，开门见山，提出主题，随之用细节来解释、支撑主题句所表达的主题思想。
这是英语中最常见的演绎写作法。
2。
主题句位于段末。
主题句出现在文章结尾是作者采用了先摆事实，后作结论的手法。
这种段落称作归纳型段落。
这是英语中最常见的归纳写作法。
3. 主题句首尾呼应。
为突出主题，作者先提出主题，结尾时再次点出主题，这种首尾呼应的写作方法也较为多见。
超实用备战高考英语考试易错题——阅读理解：主旨大意题(大陷阱) (解析版)
易错点17 阅读理解主旨大意题目录01 易错陷阱（3大陷阱）02 举一反三【易错点提醒一】标题类易混易错点【易错点提醒二】段落大意类易混易错点【易错点提醒三】文章大意类易混易错点03 易错题通关养成良好的答题习惯，是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。
做题前，要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项，并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时，切忌跟着感觉走，最好按照题目序号来做，不会的或存在疑问的，要做好标记，要善于发现，找到题目的题眼所在，规范答题，书写工整;答题完毕时，要认真检查，查漏补缺，纠正错误。
易错陷阱1：标题类易混易错点。
【分析】标题类是对中心思想的加工和提炼，可以是单词、短语、也可以是句子。
她的特点是短小精悍，多为短语；涵盖性、精确性强；不能随意改变语言表达的程度和色彩。
如果是短语类选项，考生容易混淆重点，此时应当先划出选项的关键词。
此类题和文章的中心主题句有很大关系。
中心主题句一般出现在第一段，有时第一段也可能引出话题，此时应当重点关注第二段和最后一段，看看是否会出现首尾呼应。
易错陷阱2：段落大意类易混易错点。
【分析】每个段落都有一个中心思想，通常会在段落的第一句或最后一句体现，这就是段落主题句。
如果没有明显的主题句时，应当根据段落内容概括处段落大意。
有时考生还会找错文章对应位置，盲目选词文中相同的词句，而出现文不对题的现象。
易错陷阱3：文章大意类易混易错点。
【分析】确定文章主旨的方法是：先看首尾段或各段开头再看全文找主题句，若无明显主题句，就通过关键词句来概括。
如，议论文中寻找表达作者观点态度的词语，记叙文中寻找概括情节和中心的动词或反映人物特点的形容词。
文中出现不同观点时，要牢记作者的观点彩色体现全文中心的。
此时，要注意转折词，如：but, however, yet, in spite of, on the contrary等。
【易错点提醒一】标题类易混易错点【例1】（浙江省义乌五校2023-2024学年高三联考试题）The scientist’s job is to figure out how the world works, to “torture (拷问)” Nature to reveal her secrets, as the 17th century philosopher Francis Bacon described it. But who are these people in the lab coats (or sports jackets, or T-shirts and jeans) and how do they work? It turns out that there is a good deal of mystery surrounding the mystery-solvers.“One of the greatest mysteries is the question of what it is about human beings — brains, education, culture etc. that makes them capable of doing science at all,” said Colin Allen, a cognitive scientist at Indiana University.Two vital ingredients seem to be necessary to make a scientist: the curiosity to seek out mysteries and the creativity to solve them. “Scientists exhibit a heightened level of curiosity,” reads a 2007 report on scientific creativity. “They go further and deeper into basic questions showing a passion for knowledge for its own sake.” Max Planck, one of the fathers of quantum physics, once said, the scientist “must have a vivid and intuitive imagination, for new ideas are not generated by deduction (推论), but by an artistically creative imagination.”......ong as our best technology for seeing inside the brain requires subjects to lie nearly motionless while surrounded by a giant magnet, we’re only going to make limited pro gress on these questions,” Allen said.What is a suitable title for the text?A．Who Are The Mystery-solversB．Scientists Are Not Born But MadeC．Great Mystery: What Makes A ScientistD．Solving Mysteries: Inside A Scientist's Mind【答案】C【解析】文章标题。
阅读理解专项——主旨大意题课件-2023届高三英语二轮复习
plastic products. 主题句 概括了本文的主要内容
故选D. Ocean Plastics Transformed into Sculptures 海洋塑料转化为雕塑
At the beginning of the year, the artist built a piece called “Strawpocalypse,”…
3. 段落主旨类试题常见的题干形式
(1) The main idea of the second paragraph probably is that . (2) What is the last paragraph chiefly concerned with? (3) Which of the following can best summarize Paragraph one? (4) What’s the main idea discussed in the first paragraph?
可知，独自用餐正慢慢成为一种趋势。
That freedom to choose is one reason more people like to eat alone. There was a time when people may have felt awkward about asking for a table for one, but those days are over. Now, we have our smartphones to keep us company at the table. “It doesn’t feel as alone as it may have before all the advances in technology,” said Laurie Demeritt, whose company provided the statistics for the
2021届高考英语主旨大意题题型分类与练习
2021届高考英语主旨大意题题型分类与练习1．文章主旨大意题→寻找主题句，归纳概括解题关键：分析文章结构，判断文章体裁识别段落主题句，归纳总结注意转折、疑问、重复等关键信息文章是由段落组成的。
段落的主题就是段落的中心思想，具体段落的中心思想又是为文章整体中心思想服务的。
理解整篇文章的中心思想的方法是建立在理解具体段落中心的基础上的。
找出每小段的主题句，各段的主题句常在该段的首句或尾句，各段主题句的整体归纳便是文章的中心思想。
有的文章无明显主题句，主题句隐含在段意之中，这就需要进一步加工概括。
观察全文的结构安排，理解文章的“重心”和支撑性细节。
用浏览法(skimming)，即快速阅读文首、文尾，或每段的首句和尾句等，搜索主题线索和主题信息的方法可以快速找到主题句。
以下是找主题句的四个小窍门：1．段落中出现表示转折的词语(如however，but，in fact，actually等)时，该句很可能是主题句。
2．首段出现疑问句时，对该问句的回答很可能就是文章主旨。
3．作者有意识地重复的观点，通常是主旨；反复出现的词语，一般为体现文章主旨的关键词。
4．表示总结或结论的句子常包含therefore，thus，in short，conclude，conclusion等词，通常是主旨。
例题：La nguages have been coming and going for thousands of years，but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going.When the world was still populated by hunter－gatherers，small，tightly knit (联系) groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other.Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago，when the world had just five to ten million people，they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.Soon afterwards，many of those people started settling down to become farmers，and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number.In recent centuries，trade，industrialisation，the development of the nation－state and the spread of universal compulsory education，especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades，all have caused many languages to disappear，and dominant languages such as English，Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.At present，the world has about 6,800 languages.The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven.The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages，often spoken by many people，while hot，wet zones have lots，often spoken by small numbers.Europe has only around 200 languages；the Americas about 1,000；Africa 2,400；and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200，of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800.The median number (中位数) of speakers is a mere 6,000，which means that half the world's languages are spoken by fewer people than that.Already well over 400 of the total of 6,800 languages are close to extinction (消亡)，with only a few elderly speakers left.Pick，at random，Busuu in Cameroon(eight remaining speakers)，Chiapaneco in Mexico (150)，Lipan Apache in the United States (two or three) or Wadjigu in Australia (one，with a question－mark)：none of these seems to have much chance of survival.What is the main idea of the text?A．New languages will be created.B．People's lifestyles are reflected in languages.C．Human development results in fewer languages.D．Geography determines language evolution.这是一篇说明文，本题考查全文的主旨大意。
2021高考英语必考点妙解专题主旨大意(含答案及解析)
高考英语必考点妙解专题：主旨大意本类考题解答锦囊一篇文章通常是围绕一个中心思想展开的。
不少文章一开头便展示出文章的主题，特别是新闻报道，第一小段通常是故事的梗概，这一段往往表达了文章的中心思想；在文章的段落中，则通常由开头的一句作为主题句(topic sentence)来概括该段的中心思想。
主题句一般具有三个特点：1．表述的意思比较概括，相对主题句来看，这种概括性更为明显。
2．句子结构较简单，多数都不采用长、难句的形式。
3．段落中其他的句子必定是用来解释、支撑或发展主题句所表述的主题思想。
理解一篇文章的主旨大意首先要学会寻找主题句。
一般来说，在一个段落中，主题句的位置有五种情况：1．主题句在段首：在有主题句的段落中，主题句位于段首的可能性最大。
通常用演绎法撰写的段落，往往遵循从一般到个别的写作程序，即以概述开始，随之详细解说。
2．主题句在段尾：与主题句位于段首的情况相反，主题句位于段尾时，通常用归纳法撰写。
表述细节的句子在前，概述性的句子在后，并以此而结尾。
位于段尾的主题句往往陈述依据上文的细节的结论或建议，归纳的要点或共性以及得出的观察印象或结果。
3．主题句在段中：当主题句位于段中，开段的句子往往表述段落要论述的主题，而主题则由随之引出的句子来表达。
此外，为阐明主题思想，在主题句之后，仍有一些句子陈述细节，或作合乎逻辑的引申。
这一类的段落包括三个层次：引题——主题——解释，或提问——回答——解释。
屯主题句在段首和段尾：在一些文段中，作者为了突出主题思想，并暗示读者，这段文章中的意思比其他的段更重要。
采用了前后呼应、两次点题的写作乎法。
值得注意的是，表述同一主题思想的两个主题句，在句型结构和用词方面往往不尽—致，而且在内容上后者也不是前者的简单重复，多半有所引申或顺应其向细节的铺叙而有所侧重。
5．主题句暗含在段中：不是所有的段落都有主题句。
尤其是在多段文章中，主题句并没有明确表述。
阅读这样的文段，主要通过对细节的陈述或概括各段的主题思想，含蓄地表达文段的主题思想。
高考复习(英语)专项练习：(阅读理解)主旨大意题——段落大意类【含答案及解析】
考点分类练(九)主旨大意题——段落大意类A(2021·山东淄博高三三模)For 30 years we have been told how temperatures have been rising rapidly to the unheard-of level. This is causing polar ice to melt, sea level to rise and has brought about a dangerous increase in extreme weather events. These intense changes would likely present challenges to our society and environment.The causes of climate change are mainly anthropogenic(人类活动引起的) in nature. Since the industrial revolution, human activities have increased the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. The increased amount of gases which absorb heat has led to more heat being kept in the atmosphere, causing global warming.The certainty of global warming can be seen through some of the natural phenomena like the effect on crops and extreme weather conditions around the world. The recent assessment report says that the earth’s average temperature has risen by 0.74 degrees from 1906 to 2005, and that the average temperature will continue to rise. There have also been more violent downpours, and the ice at the world’s poles and on its mountains is melting. The rising sea level is flooding the low-lying countries in Asia and small islands in the Pacific. This may lead to the displacement of millions of people, loss of millions of land and consequently billions of dollars.Troubled by the serious situation, world leaders came together for the 2015 United Nations (UN) Climate Change Conference in Paris. The climate talks led to 196 countries reaching a landmark agreement that committed nearly every country to lowering planet-warming greenhouse gas emissions to address global climate change. That was certainly an encouraging step for our earth and mankind!As the world leaders continue to commit themselves to monitor our sick planet, we need to continue to take small steps to heal the world. We don’t have much choice. If only we could just pack our bags and migrate to Mars!1.What does paragraph2mainly talk about?A.The information of industrial revolution.B.The greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.C.The reasons of climate change.D.The result of extreme weather events.2.What can we infer from the last paragraph?A.We have made great achievements.B.Some measures are still required to take.C.Mars is suitable for people’s living.D.Some countries will receive urgent aid.3.Which of the following shows the structure of the whole text?(P:Paragraph)B(2021·陕西高三下学期模拟)Eating chocolate at least once a week could put off a heart attack, according to a new research. Chocolate is packed with plant chemicals that weaken inflammation(炎症) and help blood flow, explained scientists.Lead author Dr Chayakrit Krittanawong said,“Our study suggests chocolate helps keep the heart’s blood vessels healthy.” It collected data from six trials that examined the link over the past five decades. A total of 336,289 people reported their intake. Those who ate chocolate more than once a week reduced their risk of coronary artery(冠状动脉) disease by eight percent. This was compared to peers who ate it less than once a week.Chocolate is known to produce the same chemical in the brain as falling in love. Dr Krittanawong said,“Chocolate contains healthy nutrients such as flavonoids(类黄酮), polyphenols and stearic acid which may reduce inflammation.”Known medically as HDL(high-density lipoprotein)(高密度脂蛋白), it helps to rid LDL (low-density lipoprotein) out of the body. When this collects, it causes vessels and arteries to become blocked up. It can stop blood flow to the heart or brain, causing a heart attack or stroke. Dr Krittanawong said,“In the past, clinical studies have shown chocolate is beneficial for blood pressure.”Dark chocolate has long been known to have health benefits but recent research has suggested milk chocolate may also provide valuable nutrients to the heart. Dr Krittanawong pointed out his study did not investigate whether any particular type of chocolate was more beneficial—or if there was an ideal portion size. He said,“Chocolate appears promising for the prevention of coronary artery disease. But more research is needed to show how much and what kind of chocolate could be recommended.”While it’s not clear how much is perfect, Dr Krittanawong warned people against overeating. He said,“Moderate amounts of chocolate seem to protect coronary arteries but it’s likely that large quantities do not.”4.What does paragraph2mainly talk about?A.The result of the study.B.The process of the study.C.The participants of the study.D.The intention of the study.5.Which of the following can probably prevent blood flow?A.A heart attack.B.A stroke.C.High-density lipoprotein.D.Low-density lipoprotein.6.What does the recent study tell us?A.Chocolate is good for blood pressure.B.Dark chocolate is beneficial for health.k chocolate may also benefit the heart.D.Chocolate contains special plant chemicals.7.What’s Dr Krittanawong’s attitude towards chocolate’s preventing coronary artery disease?A.Indifferent.B.Hopeful.C.Negative.D.Uncertain.C(2021·辽宁高三3月联考)Few people realise that it takes many volunteers for one young child to have a half-hour riding lesson.I volunteer at Valley Therapeutic Equestrian Association (VTEA), close to the Washington State border. It takes a few paid staff and an army of volunteers—approximately eighty—to take care of a dozen horses and help with eighty or more children during the week. There is a large barn to clean, and hay nets and water buckets to brush and fill. Specific feeds for each horse must be prepared twice daily... The list is endless.To prepare a horse for a ride, someone has to bring it in from the outside, at times sinking into inches of black, sticky mud during the winter months. Usually, two volunteers groom(刷洗; 梳毛) the horse and put on the special saddle. Then they lead the horse to where the lesson takes place. There, one volunteer leads the horse, and usually two walk alongside for safety, one on each side. Then the horse must be returned to the barn, unsaddled, cleaned and fed.Yet so many people willingly give their time—because the children need us. Ranging in age from two upwards, the children have varying degrees of mental disabilities. Some have severe physical disabilities. Riding strengthens their muscles and bones, enabling them to enjoy a more fruitful life.Throughout my past life as an accountant, business author and speaker, I volunteered on many fields and in many organisations. However, a terrible motor-vehicle accident changed my life in a split second when my car was hit—as was my head—causing severe brain injury. It was hard to accept a new “me”, until I discovered that I needed to do something that I have a passion for. I love horses, and working with them and with the children has helped turn my life around. The journey back has been painful but worthwhile. Now, fourteen years later, I am a different person.8.What is the main idea of paragraph2?A.Horses for riding lessons are cared for carefully.B.Horse-riding lessons bring children many benefits.C.Volunteers have much to do for a horse-riding lesson.D.Disabled children are taught horse-riding in a different way.9.What does the author think of her voluntary work in VTEA?A.Risky and thrilling.B.Tiring but worthwhile.C.Funny and enjoyable.D.Demanding but fruitless.10.What can be inferred about the author from the last paragraph?A.The accident transformed her thoroughly.B.Volunteering has brought her a win-win result.C.She’s never recovered from the injury.D.She wasn’t interested in voluntary work before.11.What could be the best title for the passage?A.Helping Children in NeedB.Surviving the Brain InjuryC.Volunteering: A Journey BackD.Horse-riding: A Hard Lesson考点分类练(九)主旨大意题——段落大意类【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。
英语阅读理解专题复习之主旨大意题型解题技巧
1.考察写作目的的设问方式⑴考查整篇文章的写作目的The writer writes this passage in order to _____.The writer’s purpose of writing this passage is to _____.What is the purpose of writing this article?In writing the passage, the author intends to _____.The purpose of this article is to …The passage is intended to…(2) 考查某处细节的写作意图The writer uses the example of…to show that _____.The writer uses the two questions at the beginning of the passage to _____.…are mentioned in the first paragraph to _____.2.常见的写作意图⑴整篇文章的写作意图：to entertain readers 娱乐读者，让人发笑：to persuade readers to buy something; 说服读者接受某种观点to sell a product or a service; 推销一种产品﹑一种服务to attract more visitors / readers / audience(旅游景点﹑报刊杂志﹑影片﹑电视节目等的介绍)To instruct or to educate.(让读者得到某种启示或教育)to inform readers（告知读者某些信息）⑵某处的写作意图文章的开头：作者在文章开头提出问题一般是为了让读者思考，或是简单介绍与主题有关的其他事物，to draw the readers’ at tention to the topic / to serve as an introduction to the discussion）三.标题类主旨大意题1.标题的设问方式①The best title / headline for this passage isOnce Upon a Wish shares the wishes and stories of eight children. These families generously invite us into their worlds, allowing us to become part of their darkest moments, their unimaginable realities, their greatest hopes, deepest fears, and unbelievable successes.Once Upon a Wish is a celebration of hope, revealing how wishes-come-true can become motivators and cherished gifts that will last a lifetime.Price: $9.99Where to download: Available on the iPhone, iPad, iPod touch, and Mac.Category: Biographies & MemoirsPublished: Mar 05, 2013Publisher: BenBella Books, Inc.Seller: The Perseus Books Group, LLCPrint Length: 352 PagesLanguage: English2. What is Once Upon a Wish mainly about?A. Wishes and stories of eight children.B. The history of the Make-A-Wish Foundation.C. Some children’s experiences of helping others.D. Frank Shankwitz’s personal experiences with some children.3. The purpose of this article is to ___________________________BCHICAGO (Reuters)-Smoking not only can wrinkle (皱纹) the face and turn it yellow—it can do the same to the whole body, researchers reported on Monday.The study, published in the Archives of Dermatology, shows that smoking affects the skin all over the body---even skin protecte d from the sun……4. The main idea of the passage is to ______.A. inform the effect of smoking on our skinB. advise people how to protect skinC. warn people not to smokeD. introduce a new way of avoid skin aging5.The purpose is to __________A. inform the effect of smoking on our skinB. advise people how to protect skinC. warn people not to smokeD. introduce a new way of avoid skin aging例二Like the frame of a house, the spine（脊柱）is what keeps bodies sturdy and upright. Put too much weight on this frame while a young body is still developing, and it could change a child’s posture, compress the spine, and impair growth, says Rob Danoff, a doctor of osteopathic medicine with Philadelphia’s Aria Health System. “It also might contribute to back problems or injuries when the child’s older,” he says.Danoff says proper fit and design are important to relieve pressure from the spine and shoulders. You want a backpack th at’s made for your size. Padded shoulder straps and a cushioned back will also prevent aches and pains. Small roller bags are an option, but some schools do not allow them because they pose tripping hazards, or may litter classroom aisles or hallways in the event of a fire.How heavy is too heavy? “As a general rule, research shows the backpack should be no more than 10 to 20 % of a child’s body weight to avoid pain or potential injury,” Jacobs says. “We like to recommend 10 %.” For an elementary school chi ld who weighs just 50 or 60 pounds, a couple textbooks and lunch could push a pack beyond the safe threshold. For that reason, Jacobs says it’s important that kids are carrying only what they need. “We’ve noticed that students are taking lots and lots of w ater to school with them, which is a lot of extra weight,” Jacobs says. She recommends packing an empty water bottle and filling it at school. Another tip is to pack the heaviest items in the middle of the pack, closer to the back.7. For what purpose does the author mention the little turtles?A .To give examples B. To introduce the topicC. To describe the movement of the turtles C. To tell us the upset feelings of the turtles8. What is the key message of the last two paragraphs?A. General rules to avoid painB. Basic information of the studentsC. Great difficulty to deal withD. Backpack tipsBClose your eyes and picture the city of Paris．Now imagine the city without its most famous landmark：the Eiffel Tower．The unthinkable almost happened．………This year marks the iconic structure’s 125th birthday．Over the years，research conducted there has brought dramatic and unexpected payoffs．During World War I，for instance，the French army used the Tower as a giant ear to receive radio messages．It even led to the arrest of one of the war's most famous spies．9.The arrest of a famous spy is mentioned to show．A．the Eiffel Tower has lost its initial valueB．the Eiffel Tower has existed long enoughC．research done in the Eiffel Tower had unexpected payoffsD．the Eiffel Tower was successfully preserved during the war例三Lacrosse(曲棍球) is a popular sport in Canada. The Indians in Canada invented it. They used it to train for war. They invented this game before Columbus arrived in the New World. People play lacrosse outdoors. The lacrosse field is seven meters long. At each end of the field there is a goal. The goal is…New York Times found out, 94% of the respondents(应答者) said they put in a lot of thought on how the content they are sharing will be beneficial to others.A lot of people share information online to present their true image to the outside world. Some people, especially those who feel shy and uncomfortable to talk about their areas of interest in the presence of others, find it extremely convenient to share that information online with like-minded individuals.78% of the respondents in the study of The New York Times said they shared inforamtion online because it helped them develop better realationships. Today, a lot of people do not have the time to meet each other in person, and the Internet has become a great substitue. A lot of people now meet each other online, rather than in conventional places like restaurants and pubs.Lastly, when we share our thoughts online, we are actively involving ourselves in the vast community of people who are a part of the World Wide Web. Sharing information will make a difference to the viewpoint of others, or add to their understanding about the world. In the study of The New York Times, 89% of the respondents said that feeling satisfied with what they have done, they enjoyed sharing to get more involved in the world.12. What’s the main idea of the each paragraph?1)______________________________________________________________________2).______________________________________________________________________3)._______________________________________________________________________4)._______________________________________________________________________5).________________________________________________________________________13. The text mainly tells us___________A. We should share information onlineB. how we can share information onlineC. more people share information onlineD. what motivates people to share information online例五Handshaking, though a European practice is often seen in big cities of China. Nobody knows exactly when the practice started in Europe. It is said that long long ago in Europe when people met, they showed their unarmed(无武器的) hands to each other as a sign of goodwill. As time went on and trade in cities grew rapidly, people in cities began to clap each others’ hands to make a deal or to reach an agreement. This practice was later changed into shaking hands among friends on meeting or leaving each other. “Let’s shake (hands) on it” sometimes means agreement reached.14.The paragraph mainly tells us ______.A. where handshaking was first practicedB. how handshaking came aboutC. about the relationship between handshaking and tradeD. about the practice of handshaking both in Europe and in China归纳总结：这是采用______________主题的展开方式，主题藏在句子中。
高考复习(英语)专项练习：(阅读理解)主旨大意题——标题归纳类【含答案及解析】
考点分类练(八)主旨大意题——标题归纳类A(2021·山东济宁一模)During a decline in tourism, one national park in Thailand has seen a dramatic rise in “visitors”recently. So many are the hermit crabs(寄居蟹) flooding into the otherwise empty beaches of Koh Lanta that shells for them to live in have become in short supply.The Thai government moved quickly to ease the housing shortage, launching a public appeal for empty shells that netted over 200 kg. On December 5 these were distributed around the park in a ceremony.Hermit crabs rely on shells to protect their soft bodies, moving to larger shells as they grow. On Koh Lanta and the surrounding smaller islands, their rapid increase seems to be a natural phenomenon, rather than directly related to the absence of tourists. But the shortage of shells may be man-made: pretty ones have long been gathered to be sold as goods. Crabs begun to make do with potential death-traps such as plastic caps and bottles.The shell drive is part of a government initiative to regain the balance of nature.“I have instructed all national parks to do whatever it takes,” says the minister for natural resources. His inspiration comes from the pause in tourism brought on by the epidemic. A ban on international visitors and the closure of national parks have helped nature recover, bringing endangered leatherback turtles back onto Thai beaches. In the coastal provinces of Phang Nga and Phuket, turtles have laid the largest number of eggs for 20 years.The government has decided to try to copy the policy during the epidemic in future. From now on, all national parks will be required to close for a short period during the off-season and to limit the number of tourists through a reservation system when they are open. Although such restrictions mean reduced earnings from tourism in the short term, in the longer run more parks may help to keep the tourists coming.1.What happened to the beaches of Koh Lanta recently?A.They got flooded by seawater.B.They became completely empty.C.They were packed with hermit crabs.D.They saw a constant stream of tourists.2.What contributed to the housing shortage for hermit crabs?A.Natural disasters.B.Human activities.C.Their preference for bottles.D.The government’s involvement.3.Why are turtles mentioned in paragraph 4?A.To warn turtles are dying out.B.To prove beaches are their ideal habitats.C.To stress the ecological diversity of Thailand.D.To illustrate the birth of the minister’s inspiration.4.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A.Developing Economy or Protecting Animals?B.Closing National Parks or Drawing More Visitors?ernments Are Responsible for the Balance of NatureD.Authorities Help to Find Shelters for Homeless Hermit CrabsB(2021·山东烟台一模)Many teachers believe frequent quizzes(小测验) help students better grasp classroom material. Crede, an associate professor of psychology, was skeptical that something as simple as a quiz could positively affect students’ academic performance. He decided to dig deeper and conduct an analytic study of existing research to see if there was any proof of the idea. What he discovered truly surprised him.Crede analysed data from previously published studies that examined 52 classes with almost 8,000 students, to determine if frequent quizzes improved the students’ academic performance. Laboratory settings were kept out of the study because Crede wanted to observe whether similar studies from labs would apply to general classrooms.Crede discovered that when students were quizzed over classroom material at least once a week, they tended to perform better on midterm and final exams compared to students who did not take quizzes. He also found that students who took frequent quizzes were less likely to fail the class, especially if they were struggling with the course content. Students who struggled the most in a class seemed to benefit the greatest from frequent quizzes. The other surprising thing was how much quizzes helped reduce failure rates in classes. The chances of passing a class went through the roof where instructors used this. In addition to quiz frequency, another factor that seemed to positively affect students’ performance was immediate feedback from instructors. Also, quizzes that required students to answer with written responses proved more beneficial to their understanding of classroom material compared to multiple-choice questions.Asking teachers to grade written quizzes daily or weekly may discourage some from carrying them out in their classes. Instead, it is recommended that instructors give online quizzes that can be automatically graded by a course management system. Quiz attributes(属性) proved insignificant in the study, including whether the tests were pop quizzes or planned, or if they were online or on paper.5.What did Crede do to ensure his study’s accuracy?A.He focused on what happened in classrooms.B.He researched as many students as he could.C.He made laboratory settings as real as possible.D.He gave easy quizzes to make every student do well.6.What did Crede discover in his study?A.Frequent quizzes could remove students’ failure in classes.B.Instructors’ feedback was more important than frequent quizzes.C.Frequent quizzes were especially useful to the struggling students.D.Multiple-choice questions shouldn’t be included in frequent quizzes.7.What may be a disadvantage of frequent quizzes for teachers?A.Accessing the Internet less frequently.B.Having too many exam papers to mark.C.Being unable to get appropriate test material.D.Finding it hard to choose the right type.8.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A.Quizzes Stimulate a Passion for CreationB.Quizzes Improve Academic PerformanceC.Quizzes Create a Heavy BurdenD.Quizzes Increase BoredomC(2021·安徽安庆高三二模)Becoming a parent brings out the best in many animals. Although parenting is usually left to the females, the males from many species will also care for the offspring. Take anemone fish(海葵鱼) for example.Despite their smaller size, the males help the females defend the nest, but only the males take care of it. They use their fins as fans to provide a constant flow of oxygen and keep the surroundings clean. They also put a lot of effort into the nest.The eggs take about five days to hatch. During this important period, the males fan them to provide oxygen and remove the rubbish. They also pick up the eggs in their mouths and move them around to remove any bacteria. One of the biggest threats comes from female sticklebacks(刺鱼), who form organised groups and attack the nests to eat all the eggs.The males defend the newborn fish and bring back the ones who move too far from the nest. Once the fish grow up, they become a little bit more independent and start to swim away. The dad swims after them, picks them up in his mouth, and spits them back into his nest. Eventually, he gets to the point where he can’t keep track of them and that’s when they separate.Doting(宠爱的) fathers are not restricted to the world of fish. In some poison frog species, the dads also warn the mums when the young ones are hungry and need to be fed.9.What does the underlined word “offspring” in paragraph 1 probably mean?A.Children.B.Relatives.C.Friends.D.Colleagues.10.What can we infer about the male anemone fish?A.They take full responsibility for building the nest.B.They are much larger than the female anemone fish.C.They are actually extremely excellent fathers.D.They frequently make attacks on other animals.11.What does it mean when the dad can’t track its young fish?A.The dad can’t tend to the young fish.B.The young fish are already independent.C.The living environment is worse.D.The dad is in a state of aging.12.What can be the best title for the text?A.The Model Father in the Animal KingdomB.The New Role of the Male Anemone FishC.The Really Caring Caregivers in LifeD.A Strange Phenomenon in Nature考点分类练(八)主旨大意题——标题归纳类【语篇导读】本文是一篇新闻报道。
2024年高考英语阅读理解讲练测(课件+讲义+练习)阅读理解主旨大意题讲义原卷版
►第4讲主旨大意题（讲义）【复习目标】掌握主旨大意两大类题型特征区分主旨大意题的正确选项和干扰项特征掌握主旨大意题不同文体的解题技巧掌握主旨大意题不同题型的解题技巧【考情分析】【网络构建】命题规律：主旨大意题即考查细节理解能力,又考查深层次的推理、概括能力,难度较大。
不仅考查考生略读文章、领会大意的能力，也对考生的归纳、概括能力提出了较高的要求。
文章中没有明显的解题依据，需要考生从文章中提炼、抽取一些关键词、主干句进行加工概括，才能归纳出文章的主旨。
题型和考查角度：1.主题类：文章大意题和段落大意题(概括文章或段落的主旨大意)2.标题类：标题判断题（选择最佳标题）。
要做好主旨大意题，我们首先必须了解其正确选项和干扰选项的特征。
选项特征：命题方式：What is the text mainly about?What is the best title for the text?What can be a suitable title for the text?What's the first/second/third....paragraph mainly about?What's the main idea discussed in the first/second/.. paragraph?不同文体解题技巧：1.议论文或说明文：议论文或说明文的主题句一般在文首,但有的在文尾,也有的首尾呼应。
2.新闻报道：新闻报道的主题句就是导语,即文章的首句或首段。
正文采取倒金字塔形式--最重要事实, 次要事实,最次要事实3.科研报告或调查报告：反映科学实验或调研结果的报道或科普类说明文，内容主要包括“科研实验结果或调查结果+实验研究过程或调查的具体情况”两大部分,文章主旨就是科研或调查结果，因此主题句通常在首段,且常伴有according to a study, a study showed/proved, this is suggested by the results of new research on, scientists recently reported, a study claimed 等。
超实用高考英语专题复习：专题一 阅读理解 考法4 主旨大意(含历年真题)——备战高考英语专项突破
距离高考还有一段时间，不少有经验的老师都会提醒考生，愈是临近高考，能否咬紧牙关、学会自我调节，态度是否主动积极，安排是否科学合理，能不能保持良好的心态、以饱满的情绪迎接挑战，其效果往往大不一样。
以下是本人从事10多年教学经验总结出的以下学习资料，希望可以帮助大家提高答题的正确率，希望对你有所帮助，有志者事竟成！养成良好的答题习惯，是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。
做题前，要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项，并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时，切忌跟着感觉走，最好按照题目序号来做，不会的或存在疑问的，要做好标记，要善于发现，找到题目的题眼所在，规范答题，书写工整;答题完毕时，要认真检查，查漏补缺，纠正错误。
总之，在最后的复习阶段，学生们不要加大练习量。
在这个时候，学生要尽快找到适合自己的答题方式，最重要的是以平常心去面对考试。
英语最后的复习要树立信心，考试的时候遇到难题要想“别人也难”，遇到容易的则要想“细心审题”。
越到最后，考生越要回归基础，单词最好再梳理一遍，这样有利于提高阅读理解的效率。
另附靠前30天复习方法。
新高考卷全国卷2022 2021 2022 2021 卷I 卷II 卷I 卷II 乙卷甲卷乙卷甲卷细节理解6 7 8 8 8 8 6 5题推理判断7 5 5 5 5 3 6 8题词义猜测1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1题主旨大意1 1 1 1 1 32 1题主旨大意主旨大意题主要考查考生对所读材料(或所读材料片段)中心思想或标题的概括。
做这类题时，考生应通读全文，把握文章大意或中心思想，同时注意文章的主题句，因为主题句表达了文章的中心思想，而其他句子均围绕主题句展开。
主题句通常位于文章第一段首句、第一段末句或全文末句处，但有时也位于段落中间(通常是第一段或最后一段的中间)。
主旨大意题的考查形式有很多，如概括标题、主题、段意、中心思想等。
常见的设问方式有:Which of the following can be the best title for the text?What is the... paragraph mainly about?What is the best title for the text?What is the text mainly about?What may be the best title for the text?What can be a suitable title for the text?技巧1 速读文章，明确主题速读文章，抓住文章主题句或关键词。
冲刺2021年高考英语阅读理解：第四模块 主旨大意题 重点练(解析卷)
冲刺2021年中考英语二轮复习阅读理解第四模块：主旨大意题重点练Passage 1（2021·陕西高三月考）Though it is not good for us to expose ourselves to sunlight for too long, allowing ourselves appropriate amount of exposure to sunlight gives us many benefits and affects us in a number of ways.Without the sun, life would not have developed. It gives us energy and heats our world. The sun gives us light and thus in turn we are able to see the beautiful colors in our world. It makes us feel good when we feel the warmth of its rays on our shoulders. We store the energy from the sun to help build and heat our houses.Without sunlight we would not be able to survive. Sunlight gives balance. All living things live in a food chain and at the beginning of the food chain conies the plant which absorbs sunlight and transforms light energy into chemical energy ,which will then be absorbed by another life to be turned into a new kind of energy and so on.One of the benefits that we can get from sunlight is that we can receive vitamin D from sunlight. It helps us to keep a healthy body, control the amount of minerals in the body, which is needed to help keep our bones and teeth in good condition and helps to keep a well-balanced mind.Different places on the earth receive varying degrees of sunlight, which will decide the region's climate. For example, the farther away it is from the equator （赤道）,the sharper the angle of the sun's rays that reach it, which means that sunlight coverage will be more spread out, and receive less heat than lower latitude（纬度）areas nearer the equator.1．Why does sunlight give balance?A．It helps to pass energy.B．It helps to absorb energy.C．It helps to form new lives.D．It helps to protect new lives.2．In which aspect can sunlight assist people?A．Reducing the amount of minerals.B．Improving the nerve system.C．Keeping the bones and teeth healthy.D．Obtaining a well-balanced diet.3．What's the main idea of the last paragraph?A．Which place is the hottest.B．How sunlight affects the climate.C．How to get more sunlight.D．How much sunlight a place needs.4．Which can be a suitable title for the text?A．Avoiding Being Exposed to Sunlight Too Long B．Varying Degrees of Sunlight on the World C．Benefits of Sunlight on the World D．Making Full Use of Sunlight【分析】这是一篇说明文。
2021届高三英语考点汇总：阅读理解之主旨大意题(含练习及答案)
2021届高三英语考点汇总：阅读理解之主旨大意题（含练习及答案）主旨大意题是高考阅读理解的主要题型之一，旨在考查考生对文章大意或者文章中心思想的把握和归纳能力。
此类题数量较大，在15个题中约占2-3个。
◆主旨大意题的分类1. 从考查对象上划分，主旨大意题可分为两种①篇章主旨：针对全文的主题进行提问。
主题句出现在首段的居多，其次是末段。
②段落主旨：针对某一段或几段的主题提问。
主题句可能是段落的首句、末句，也可能需要从上下文中寻找或总结。
2. 考查内容上划分，主旨大意题可分为三种①主题类(内容)，考查文章或段落的主旨大意；②目的类，考查文章或段落的写作目的；③标题类，要求考生选出文章的最佳标题。
◆设问特点：1. 考查全文主旨或段落大意。
2. 正确选项概况范围大小恰当，主旨判断准确。
3. 错误选项的特点常常是太大、太窄或者偏离主题，主观臆断。
4. 常以main idea, best idea, subject, mainly discuss 等词提问。
◆常考问题：1. 中心思想类The main point /idea of the passage is…T he passage is mainly about…The passage mainly discusses…The last but one paragraph is chiefly concerned with…?Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage?2. 标题类Which of the following is the best title of the passage?The best title for the passage would be …3. 目的类The author’s main purpose in writing the passage is to …The passage is meant to ….In writing this passage, the author mainly intends to…【名师指导】文章主题常常可以通过文章的写作方法来体现，有以下五种情况：1. 中心主题句出现在文首开门见山，提出主题，随之用细节来解释、支撑或发展主题句所表达的主题思想。
(2021年整理)高考英语总复习阅读理解主旨大意题专题练习集3(2套)Word版含答案
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主旨大意题专练(一)——段落大意类A[2019·济南高三模拟] Can I talk about salary at work？In a word:yes。
As the HR company Insperity put it in a recent blog post： Can your employees discuss their salaries or wages with their co.workers？ Yes. Even if you have a company policy against it？ Yes.The freedom to discuss your salary at work is a protected right under the labor law。
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专题04阅读理解之主旨大意学与练-备战2021高考英语复习阅读理解分类练习Part 1 整体感知主旨大意题有一个明显的特点：要求学生通读全文，从四个选项中选出最佳标题或能够说明文章或段落大意的选项。
考查对象分为三大类：即篇标题归纳题、文章大意题和段落主旨大意题。
篇章主旨是针对全文主题进行提问，而段落主旨是针对某一段落或几个段落的主题进行提问。
主旨大意题考查阅读理解能力，又考查深层次的推理、概括能力，所以在阅读理解中难度较大。
一、选项特征1.正确选项特征1.涵盖性强，覆盖全文或全段。
2.确定的范围恰当，既不太大，也不太小。
3.精确性强，不会改变语言表意的程度及色彩。
2.干扰选项特征1.过于笼统，不知所云所给选项内容概括的范围过大，超出文章所述内容。
2.以偏概全，主次不分所给选项只阐述了文章的一部分内容，或以文章中的细节信息或个别词作为选项的设置内容，或以次要的事实或细节充当全文的主要观点。
3.移花接木，偷换概念所给选项被命题者有意识地把本属于A的内容放在B上，若不留神，极易选错答案。
4.无中生有，生搬硬套所给选项的关键词虽然文章中谈到了，但经过仔细阅读分析之后，发现选项的内容与文章的内容毫无联系。
二、主旨大意类题目常见的设问方式如下：1.The main idea/key point of this passage is that _____.2.The passage is mainly about_____.3.The best title/headline for this passage is ______.4.The topic/subject discussed in this passage is ______.5.From the passage we can learn/conclude that_____.6.The last paragraph is chiefly concerned with ______.7.Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage?8.Which of the following best states the theme of the passage?Part 2 方法指导1.明确一个好的标题应具备三大特点：1.概括性——准确而有简短；2.针对性——标题外延正好与文章内容相符；3.醒目性——能引发读者的阅读欲望。
2.文章大意题解题方法1.掌握寻找主题句，快速确定文章大意文章是由段落组成的。
段落的主题就是段落的中心思想，具体段落的中心思想又是为文章整体中心思想服务的，理解全文的中心思想的方法是建立在理解具体段落中心思想的基础上的。
主题句有两个功能：一是介绍段落的主题；二是阐述控制概念，控制概念用以控制段落中句子讨论的内容。
主题句通常是段落的第一句或末尾一句，偶尔在段落中间。
在非故事性文章中，主题句尤为明显。
有的文章无明显的主题句，二是把主题隐含在段意之中，这就需要进一步加工概括。
用浏览法，快速阅读文首、文尾，或每段的首句和尾句等，搜索主题句。
一下是找主题句的四个窍门。
1.主题句位于段首1.寻找主题句有些段落明显的引出细节的信息词，常见的信息词有for example, an example of, the mostimportant example, first, second, next, then, last, finally, to begin with, also,besides that等。
在阅读中应尽量利用上述信息词确定主题句的位置。
从段落中的for example可以断定前一句是主题句。
如果没有明显的信息词，可先假设第一句为主题句，在第二句前面添加一个for example，看看第二句是否可以支撑第一句话，如果第二句不能支撑第一菊花，便在其他地方找出主题句。
2.选择答案先彻底弄懂主题句的句意，然后阅读A、B、C、D四个选项，选择与主题句句意相吻合的答案，如主题句的再现，主题句意的复述或推论等，排除与主题句句意无关的答案，如支撑细节和文章中未曾阐述的事实等。
2. 主题句位于段末主题句位于段末是作者采用了先摆事实，后作结论的手法。
这种段落称作归纳型段落。
3. 主题句位于段落的中间段落中出现表示转折的词语，如however ，but ，in fact ，actually 等时，该句很可能就是主题句。
4. 表示总结的或结论的句子常包含therefore ，thus ，in short ，conclude ，conclusion 等词。
典题例证（2018.全国卷I 阅读C ）Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers,small, tightly knit (联系)groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other.Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centres, trade,industrialisation. the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education. Especially glbalisation and better communications in the past few decades,all have caused many Languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English ．Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.At present, the world has about 6 800 languages. The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages. Often spoken by many people while hot. wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers.Europe has only around 200 Languages: the Americas about 1,000. Africa 2 400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. The median number (中位数)of speakers is a mere 6.000, which means that half the worlds languages are spoken by fewer people than that.Already well over 400 of the total of, 6,800 languages are close to extinction(消亡), with only a few elderly speakers left. Pick, at random, Busuu in Cameroon (eight remaining speakers),Chiapaneco in Mexico(150). Lipan Apache in the United States(two or three)or Wadjigu in Australia (one, with a question-mark): none of these seems to have much chance of survival.31. What is the min idea of the text?A. New languages will be created.B Peoples lifestyles are reflected in languagesC. Human development results in fewer languagesD. Geography determines language evolution.第一步： 读文章，理清结构perhaps 12,000languagesAbout 68,000 languages Farmers:Languages Hunter —getherers At presentReasons: trade, industrialisation, globalisation and better communication etc. Fewer in number many to disappear Many languages will be close to extinction第二步：细揣摩，概括文意 段落大意文意 第一段在猎人聚集的时代，语言是很多的 本文是一篇说明文。
文章介绍了世界上语言的种类随着人类社会的发展而逐渐减少这一现象。
第二段随着人类的定居，语言变得少了一些 第三段 目前，全球大约有6800种语言，其中分布及其不均匀第四段 一些语言使用的很少，正面临消亡的威胁 第三步: 分析选项，斟酌判断A 将会创造新语言。