推理判断之推测作者观点、看法、情感、态度和预测后文(Ⅰ) Word版含解析
(完整版)英语阅读理解推理判断之观点态度题
英语阅读理解推理判断之观点态度题真题感悟：(2018·浙江，C)As cultural symbols go，the American car is quite young.The Model T Ford was built at the Piquette Plant in Michigan a century ago，with the first rolling off the assembly line(装配线) on September 27,1908.Only eleven cars were produced the next month.But eventually Henry Ford would build fifteen million of them.Modern America was born on the road，behind a wheel.The car shaped some of the most lasting aspects of American culture：the roadside diner，the billboard，the motel，even the hamburger.For most of the last century，the car represented what it meant to be American—going forward at high speed to find new worlds.The road novel，the road movie，these are the most typical American ideas，born of abundant petrol，cheap cars and a never-ending interstate highway system，the largest public works project in history.In 1928 Herbert Hoover imagined an America with “a chicken in every pot and a car in every garage.” Since then，this society has moved onward，never looking back，as the car transformed America from a farm-based society into an industrial power.The cars that drove the American Dream have helped to create a global ecological disaster.In America the demand for oil has grown by 22 percent since 1990.The problems of excessive(过度的) energy consumption，climate change and population growth have been described in a book by the American writer Thomas L．Friedman.He fears the worst，but hopes for the best.Friedman points out that the green economy(经济)is a chance to keep American strength.“The ability to design，build and export green technologies for producing clean water，clean air and healthy and abundant food is going to be the currency of power in the new century.”30．What is Friedman’s attitude towards America’s future?A．Ambiguous. B．Doubtful.C．Hopeful. D．Tolerant.一、题型解读所谓作者的观点和态度，就是表达作者对某个话题、行为、事件的看法、感觉或判断。
2022年高考语文的高中语文逻辑推断附解析
2022年高考语文的高中语文逻辑推断附解析一、高中语文逻辑推断1．有甲、乙两个人，分别身兼两职，两个人的四种职业是教师、警察、书法家和作家。
请结合以下事实，推出甲、乙二人各自的职业并写出推断过程。
①书法家到北京办书法展览前，甲约了几位好朋友为他践行。
②书法家曾跟教师讨论过书法创作技巧，要“笔法、结字法、章法兼顾”。
③教师的妻子是警察的亲姐姐，她喜欢唱歌，尤其喜欢刘欢的歌曲。
2．下面文字有三处推断存在问题，请参照①的方式，说明另外两处问题。
亲爱的朋友们，我们一定要爱岗敬业，为什么要爱岗敬业呢？如果你不爱岗，你就不会敬业；如果你不敬业，你就不专业；如果你不专业，你就没有一技之长；如果你没有一技之长，你就不能生存下去。
因为一技不能养家，之长方可致富。
俗话说“三百六十行，行行出状元”。
只要你爱岗敬业，你就能够成为这一行业的“状元”。
①没有一技之长不一定不能生存下去。
②________。
③________。
3．下面文段有三处推断存在问题，请参照①的方式，说明另外两处问题。
理想总是与现实背道而驰，共享单车疯狂扩张，导致乱停乱放、违反交通规则的事情时有发生，所以给中国的交通带来了很大的压力和安全隐患。
而对于企业来说，由于共享单车使用成本超低，用户就不爱惜，因此共享单车损坏比例逐渐增大，运营成本增大，加上各大城市也纷纷出台政策加以限制，共享单车最好的时代已经过去。
①共享单车的疯狂扩张会给很多城市带来很大的压力和安全隐患，但不是对中国所有交通而言。
4．下面文段有三处推断存在问题，请参照①的方式，说明另外两处问题。
一般来说，电热毯的使用寿命为6年，如果超期使用，容易出现漏电、失火事故，小孙7年前购买了电热毯，一天家里失火，这是电热毯超期使用造成的；小李前年购买了电热毯，今年继续使用不会出现漏电事故。
高压锅安全使用年限为8年，如果超出安全使用期，高压锅的抗压能力会明显下降，继续使用就容易发生爆炸事故。
小王用高压锅煮饭时，高压锅突然爆炸，这是高压锅超期使用造成的。
高考英语二轮复习阅读理解中推理判断—观点态度题考查解读
2020届二轮复习阅读理解中推理判断—观点态度题考查解读【题型解读】所谓作者的观点和态度，就是表达作者对某个话题、行为、事件的看法、感觉或判断。
作者的观点和态度一般分为三大类：支持、赞同、乐观；客观、中立；反对、批评、怀疑、悲观。
作者的这种思想倾向和感情色彩往往隐含在文章的字里行间。
因此，在推断过程中，应特别注意文中作者的措辞，尤其是表达感情色彩的形容词或副词。
此类试题往往让考生推断文章作者或文中人物对某事所持的态度、观点或看法，或推断文中人物的语气、性格等。
设问形式常有：1．What’s the writer’s attitude towards...?2．What is the author’s opinion on...?3．What does the author think about...?二、解题技巧——“忠于措辞”定选项1．文章作者或文中人物对某事物所持的观点或态度往往隐含在文章的字里行间或流露于修饰词之中，注意文中作者或人物的措辞。
(1)正确掌握字里行间所隐含或流露的意思，切不可用自己的观点来代替作者或文中人物的观点。
(2)留意那些描写所处氛围的语言及表达情感、态度或观点的词语或句子。
(3)结合平时所积累的有关英语国家的文化传统、风俗习惯等的背景知识来进行合理的推断。
(4)关注首段首尾句，推断文章主题，确定作者观点。
2．要分清选项中的表示支持或肯定、中立、反对或否定的词语，再以此对照文章内容。
下面是一些常见的有关作者情感、态度的词语：(1)表示支持或肯定的词语favorable赞同的，有利的；positive积极的，肯定的，确实的；supportive支持的；approval赞成，正式批准；reasonable合理的；enthusiastic热情的等。
(2)表示反对或否定的词语critical批评的；negative否定的，消极的；disapproval不赞成；impractical不实际的；radical激进的；prejudiced有成见的，偏颇的等。
高中英语专题限时集训8 推理判断之推测作者观点、看法、情感、态度和预测后文(Ⅰ)
专题限时集训(八)推理判断之推测作者观点、看法、情感、态度和预测后文(Ⅰ)A(·河南、河北、山西、湖北、湖南、江西、安徽省七所名校联考)When it comes to writing work emails，there are many rules to follow.In the past，people always wanted to come across as someone who's calm and professional，which workplace manners experts say means they wanted to hold back their love for emoticons(表情符号)while on the job.But language is always changing，and a recent national survey in the US found that 76 percent of Americans said that they had used emoticons in digital communication at work.The most popular emoticon is the happy face.Lindsey Pollak，a US career coach who works with Millennials(千禧一代)，has also noticed that emoticons have gone from being inappropriate for the workplace to being accepted.The reason behind this，according to her，is largely due to the changing of people in a particular age group of the lennials are now the biggest generation in the American workforce.“A few years ago，emoticons were absolutely seen as very young and very personal，”Pollak said，“Over the past few years...I've seen emoticons become more acceptable.I see them more frequently not just from Millennials but from all generations at the workplace.”“People tend to use emoticons to just add that little bit of extra change in the tone when there's something awkward or potentially offensive，or when they might take in things in the wrong way，”explains Lauren Collister，a sociolinguist.In life and work，many of us have used emoticons to send positive atmosphere or soften statements.Pollak，however，warns against being too casual at work.Her advice is to be aware of who the audience is.“Frankly，I wouldn't use a happy face with any CEO in the US.I wouldn't use a happy face with the people of a certain level no matter howcommonplace and acceptable it has become，”she said，“You can make or break a relationship with one email these days.”【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。
高考语文阅读理解如何解答作者态度推断题
高考语文阅读理解如何解答作者态度推断题高考语文阅读理解中的作者态度推断题是一种考查学生对文章作者观点、情感态度的理解和推断能力的题型。
解答该题型需要考生准确理解文章的主旨和观点，抓住作者在文章中使用的语言技巧和修辞手法，来推断作者的态度。
下面将介绍如何解答高考语文阅读理解中的作者态度推断题，帮助考生更好地应对该题型。
一、全面理解文章在回答作者态度推断题前，首先要全面理解整篇文章的内容。
仔细阅读文章，了解文章的背景、主题和论点。
同时，留意作者在文中使用的描述词语、修辞手法和语调，这些都能给我们提供线索来推断作者的态度。
二、挖掘关键词语在文章中，作者表达态度、情感常常会使用一些关键词语。
这些词语可能是积极的、消极的，或是中性的。
通过捕捉这些关键词语，能够帮助我们判断出作者的态度。
比如，如果作者使用了诸如“支持”、“赞成”、“令人鼓舞”等积极词汇，可以判断出作者态度积极；如果出现诸如“反对”、“批评”、“悲伤”等消极词汇，可以判断作者态度消极。
三、分析修辞手法在文章中，作者使用的修辞手法能够帮助我们推断出作者的态度。
例如，比喻、夸张、反问等修辞手法常常用于强调作者的观点，显示出作者对某一主题的情感态度。
通过分析文章中使用的修辞手法，考生可以更好地理解作者的观点和态度。
四、结合上下文推断除了关键词语和修辞手法，考生还需要结合上下文来推断作者的态度。
要注意作者在整个文章中的表达方式和情感变化。
有时，作者会通过转折和转折间的转换，展示出对某一观点或主题的态度变化。
在解答该题型时，要综合考虑文章的整体语境和情感变化来推断作者的态度。
五、细致分析语义在解答作者态度推断题时，要细致分析文章中的语义。
有时作者会使用言辞明晰但带有强烈情感色彩的语句来表达自己的观点。
考生需要捕捉到这些细微的情感色彩，加深对作者态度的理解。
六、多练习，多总结为了更好地解答作者态度推断题，考生需要进行大量的练习，并及时总结经验。
通过多次练习，考生可以熟悉作者态度推断题的常见出题方式和解题思路，提高解题的准确性和速度。
阅读理解中的推理与推断题技巧
阅读理解中的推理与推断题技巧阅读理解是各类考试中常见的题型之一，而其中的推理与推断题是考察考生逻辑思维和推理能力的重点。
下面将介绍几种常用的推理与推断题技巧，帮助考生提高解题能力。
一、依据文字直接推理在阅读理解中，有些推理与推断题的答案可以直接从所给的文字中找到依据。
这样的题目需要考生仔细阅读文章，将文章中已经提及的事实作为答案，而不需要进行额外的思考或推理。
这种类型的题目，通常答案会比较明显，考生只需要仔细分析文章中的细节即可。
二、利用因果关系推断文章中经常会出现因果关系的句子，考生可以根据这种关系进行推断。
当题目询问结果时，可以通过找到因果关系的前因部分，再结合文章内容进行推理。
同时，还需注意排除其他选项，以确保答案的准确性。
三、正反对比推断有时候，文中会出现正反对比的情况，考生可以通过对比来推断答案。
例如，文章中提到某种药物治疗了某种疾病，而其他药物没有治疗效果，那么可以推断这种药物是有效的。
考生在解题时，需要注意对比的对象，以及要排除其他可能性。
四、推断作者态度和观点阅读理解中，题目经常会问到作者的态度和观点。
这种情况下，考生需要仔细分析文章中的语气和描述，寻找作者的观点线索。
有时，作者的观点可能直接体现在文章中，而有时则需要通过推理来推断作者的观点。
考生在解题时，需要注意作者的措辞和感情色彩，以准确推断出作者的态度和观点。
五、根据上下文推断词义有时，文章中会出现一些生词或不太熟悉的词语，考生可以通过上下文的意思来推断这些词的具体含义。
通常来说，上下文会提供足够的线索，使考生能够推测生词的意思，从而更好地理解整个文章。
六、利用常识进行推断阅读理解中的一些题目可能与日常生活或常识相关，考生可以根据自己的常识进行推断。
这种情况下，考生需要结合文章中提供的信息和自己的常识进行综合判断，找到正确答案。
总之，阅读理解中的推理与推断题考察考生的推理能力和逻辑思维能力。
掌握了一些常用的推理与推断题技巧，考生可以更准确地找到答案。
阅读理解中推断和推理判断的技巧知识点总结
阅读理解中推断和推理判断的技巧知识点总结阅读理解是考察读者对文章内容理解和推断能力的重要题型，其中推断和推理判断是读者在理解文章过程中需要具备的关键技巧。
本文将总结阅读理解中推断和推理判断的技巧知识点，以帮助读者在备考和实际阅读中更加得心应手。
一、推断的技巧知识点1. 上下文推断法上下文推断法是通过理解上下文中的线索信息来推断文章中隐含的意思或者作者的态度。
具体技巧包括：- 注意关键词：将重点放在文章中出现的关键词上，通过对关键词的解读来推断作者的意图。
- 分析句子结构：注意句子之间的逻辑关系和因果关系，推断作者在表达观点时的用意。
- 注意修辞手法：对比、类比、比喻等修辞手法常常包含了作者的感情、态度和推理信息。
2. 事实推断法事实推断法是通过已知事实来推断作者对未知事实的推测。
具体技巧包括：- 查找依据：在文章中找到明确的事实依据，通过逻辑推理得出结论。
- 排除错误选项：在选项中排除与已知事实相违背的选项。
- 慎重选择：做到合理、准确地推断，避免主观臆断。
3. 文化背景推断法文化背景推断法是通过读者对所处文化背景的了解，推断文章中可能存在的文化隐喻和隐含意义。
具体技巧包括：- 深入了解文化：了解作者所处的时代背景、社会情境和文化背景，有助于推断文章中的意思和观点。
- 避免价值观干扰：对于不同文化背景下的观点和价值判断，保持客观、中立的态度进行推断。
二、推理判断的技巧知识点1. 逻辑推理法逻辑推理法是通过分析文章中的论据和结论之间的逻辑关系，推断作者观点的正确与否。
具体技巧包括：- 查找论据和结论：在文章中找到作者的论据和结论，判断论据是否足够充分、结论是否合理。
- 辨析因果关系：注意文章中存在的因果关系，判断作者论述的合理性。
- 排除偷换概念：在选项中排除使用模糊或者歧义概念的选项，保持结论的一致性。
2. 综合推理法综合推理法是通过整合文章中的多个信息点，进行综合分析和判断。
具体技巧包括：- 分析信息点：将文章中的多个信息点进行整理和分析，找出彼此之间的联系和共同点。
如何推断作者的观点和态度
如何推断作者的观点和态度1. 考核考生对作者观点、态度及语气、语调的理解时，常见的设问有：1）What does the author think of...?2）How does the author feel about...?3）What's the tone of this passage?4）The author’s attitude toward … is ______ ?5）According to the author ______.2.解题技巧：1) 判断有据, 推论有理, 忠实原文。
切忌用自己的观点代替作者的本意。
2）注意作者表达感情色彩的形容词、副词、动词及所举的例子，推断出作者的弦外之音。
说明文中作者的态度: objective客观的; neutral（中立的）在议论文中，有：⑴表示贬义：disgusted厌恶的, critical批评的, negative否定的，消极的, tolerant（容忍的）,disappointed失望的；ironic讽刺的；sarcastic 挖苦的；pessimistic悲观的；suspicious怀疑的；depressed沮丧的；worried disapproval 反对的⑵表示褒义: positive积极的，乐观的, supportive/ approval 支持的,useful, interesting,enthusiastic热情的, admiring（赞赏的），pleasant愉快的，humorous幽默的，concerned关切的，serious严肃的，认真的，optimistic乐观的…⑶表示中立: indifferent（不置可否）, impassive（无动于衷的）, uninterested, neutral（中立的）,impersonal（漠不关心的）, objective客观的Why isn’t your newspaper reporting any good news？All I read about is murder, bribery(行贿)，and death. Frankly，I’m sick of all the bad news.This author’s attitude towards the newspaper reporting is to _____.A. complainB. apologizeC. amuseD. informOne of the most authoritative voices speaking to us today is, of course, the voice of the advertisers. It shouts at us from the television screen and the radio loudspeakers; waves to us from every page of the newspaper; signals to us from the roadside bill-boards all day and flashes to us in colored lights all night.The author appears ____ modern advertising.A.to likeB. to be indifferent toC. to dislikeD. to know how to deal withThe fridge is considered a necessity. It has been so since the 1960s when packaged food first appeared with the label: “store in the refrigerator.”In my fridgeless Fifties childhood, I was fed well and healthily. The milkman came daily; the grocer, the butcher(肉商), the baker, and the ice-cream man delivered two or three times, a week. The Sunday meat would last until Wednesday and surplus(剩余的) bread and milk became all kinds of cakes. Nothing was wasted, and we were never troubled by rotten food. Thirty years on, food deliveries have ceased, fresh vegetables are almost unobtainable in the country.The invention of the fridge contributed comparatively little to the art of food preservation. A vast way of well-tried techniques already existed----natural cooling, drying, smoking, salting, sugaring, bottling….What is the author’s overall attitude toward fridges?a. Neutralb. Criticalc. Objectived. CompromisingAround the world more and more people are taking part in dangerous sports and activities. Of course, there have always been people who have looked for adventure--- those who have climbed the highest mountains, traveled into unknown parts of the world or sailed in small boats across the greatest oceans. Now, however, there are people who look for an i mmediate excitement from a risky activity, which may only last a few minutes or even seconds. I would consider bungee jumping （蹦极跳）to be a good example of such an activity. You jump from a high place (perhaps a bridge or a hot air balloon) 200 meters above the ground with an elastic （有弹性的）rope tied to your ankles. You fall at up to 150 kilometers an hour until the rope stops you from hitting the ground. It is said that about 2 million people around the world have now tried bungee jumping. Other activities which most people would say as risky as bungee jumping include jumping from tall buildings and diving into the sea from the top of high cliffs. Why do people take part in such activities as these? Some psychologists （心理学家）suggest that it is because life in modern societies has become safe and boring. Not very long ago, people's lives were constantly in danger. They had to go out and hunt for food, diseases could not easily be cured and life was a continuous battle for survival （生存）.Nowadays, according to many people, life offers little excitement. They live and work in comparatively safe conditions; they buy food in shops; and there are doctors and hospitals to look after them if they become ill. The answer for some of these people is to look for danger in activities such as bungee jumping.1.The writer of the text has a ____ attitude （态度）towards dangerous sports.A. positiveB. negativeC. neutralD. nervousSince my retirement（退休）from teaching music in 2001,I have spent a good deal of timepainting as an artist. I actually began drawing again in the summer of 1995 when my lather died. so perhaps I was trying to recover from the loss of my father, or maybe it was just that it brought back memories of him. In any case, I drew pen and ink animals and landscapes（风景画）much influenced（影响）by Krenkel and St. John for five years.For some strange reason, I had been waiting until my retirement to start doing watercolors again, but as soon as I walked out of the school door for the last time I picked up my brushes and rediscovered Andrew Wyeth, who quickly became my favorite artist. I had looked through all the art books I had on my shelves and found his watercolors to be the closest to how I thought good watercolors should look. So I painted landscapes around Minnesota for three years and tried out many other types of painting. However, watercolors remained my first choice, and I think I did my best work there, showing my paintings at a number of art exhibitions.Art is now together with my piano playing and reading. There is a time for everything in my world, and it is wonderful to have some time doing what I want to do. As Confucius once said, "At seventy I can follow my heart's desire."1.We can infer from the text that the author ____.A .had been taught by Krenkel and St. JohnB. painted landscapes in Minnesota for 5 yearsC. believed Wyeth to be the best in watercolorsD. started his retirement life at the age of seventy2.How does the author probably feel about his life as an artist?A. very enjoyableB. A bit regretfulC. Rather busy.D. Fairly dull.It happened to me recently. I was telling someone how much I had enjoyed reading Barack Obama’s Dreams From My Father and how it had changed my views of our President. A friend I was talking to agreed with me that it was, in his words, “a brilliantly （精彩地）written book”. However, he then went on to talk about Mr. Obama in a way which suggested he had no idea of his background at all. I sensed that I was talking to a book liar.And it seems that my friend is not the only one. Approximately two thirds of people have lied about reading a book which they haven’t. In the World Book Day’s “Report on Guilty Secrets”, Dreams From My Father is at number 9. The report lists ten books, and various authors, which people have lied about reading, and a s I’m not one to lie too often (I’d hate to be caught out), I’lladmit here and now that I haven’t read the entire top ten. But I am pleased to say that, unlike 42 percent of people, I have read the book at number one, George Orwell’s 1984. I think it’s re ally brilliant.The World Book Day report also has some other interesting information in it. It says that many people lie about having read Jane Austen, Charles Dickens, Fyodor Dostoevsky (I haven’t read him, but haven’t lied about it either) and Herman Me lville.Asked why they lied, the most common reason was to “impress” someone they were speaking to. This could be tricky if the conversation became more in–depth!But when asked which authors they actually enjoy, people named J. K. Rowling, John Grisham, Sophie Kinsella (ah, the big sellers, in other words). Forty-two percent of people asked admitted they turned to the back of the book to read the end before finishing the story (I’ll come clean: I do this and am astonished that 58 percent said they had never done so).67. What is the author’s attitude to 58% of readers?A. Favorable.B. UncaringC. DoubtfulD. FriendlyDoes Fame Drive You Crazy?Although being famous might sound like a dream come true, today’s star, feeling like zoo animals, face pres sures that few of us can imagine. They are at the center of much of the world’s attention. Paparazzi (狗仔队) camp outside their homes, cameras ready. Tabloids (小报) publish thrilling stories about their personal lives. Justimagine not being able to do anything without being photographed or interrupted for a signature.According to psychologist Christina Villareal, celebrities —famous people —worry constantly about their public appearance. Eventually, they start to lose track of who they really are, seeing themselves the way their fans imagine them, not as the people they were before everyone knew their names. “Over time,” Villareal says, “they feel separated and alone.”The phenomenon of tracking celebrities has been around for ages. In the 4th century B.C., painters followedAlexander the Great into battle, hoping to picture his victories for his admirers. When Charles Dickens visitedAmerica in the 19th century, his sold-out readings attracted thousands of fans, leading him to complain (抱怨)about his lack of privacy. Tabloids of the 1920s and 1930s ran articles about film-stars in much the same way that modern tabloids and websites do.Being a public figure today, however, is a lot more difficult than it used to be. Superstars cannot move about without worrying about photographers with modern cameras. When they say something silly or do somethingridiculous, there is always the Internet to spread the news in minutes and keep their “story” alive forever.If fame is so troublesome, why aren’t all celebrities ru nning away from it? The answer is there are still ways to deal with it. Some stars stay calm by surrounding themselves with trusted friends and family or by escaping to remote places away from big cities. They focus not on how famous they are but on what they love to do or whatever made them famous in the first place.Sometimes a few celebrities can get a little justice. Still, even stars who enjoy full justice often complain about how hard their lives are. They are tired of being famous already.66.What is the author’s attitude toward modern celebrity?A. Sincere.B. Sceptical.C. Disapproving.D. Sympathetic. “People are ruder today because they are rushed and more ‘time poor’ than ever before,” says Patsy Rowe, “ Manners have fallen off the radar(雷达).” Due to our strong attraction to electronic equipment it is a wonder more people don’t wake up each morning and greet the singing birds with a complaint(抱怨)about the noise. Here are some examples of rudeness.Some people prefer to do almost everything over the internet. To them, dealing with an actual human is like an evolutionary step backward. It feels very slow because humans don’t work at 4G speeds. When you have dinner with friends, you will often notice someone paying more attention to his mobile phone. We have programmed ourselves to think that every new message brings life-changing news, so taking calls and checking our texts are more important than talking to the people we are with. What is worse, some people even tend to send anonymous（匿名的）rude messages by email.However, rudeness is never acceptable, Don’t assume it is OK to be rude if the person you’re in touch with won’t recognize you. If you have something awful to say, have the courage to face the person and say it, write a letter or email and sign it, or forget it. Upsetting people with unsigned messages is cruel and disgusting.We shouldn’t blame technology for our shortcomings. Technology is here to help us, but we should not allow it to take over our lives. An important step is acknowledging our shortcomings. People spend a lot of time pointing out bad manners but it would be even more help if we’d publicly acknowledge good manners when we see them.70.The author thinks sending unsigned awful messages is .A. RidiculousB. disgustingC. acceptableD. reasonableOne might expect that the ever-growing demands of the tourist trade would bring nothing but. good for the countries that receive the holiday-makers. Indeed, a rosy picture is painted for the long-term future of the holiday industry. Every month sees the building of a new hotel somewhere, and every month another rock-bound Pacific island is advertised as the 'last paradise(天堂) on earth'.However, the scale and speed of this growth seem set to destroy the very things tourists want to enjoy. In those countries where there was a rush to make quick money out of sea-side holidays, over-crowded beaches and the concrete jungles of endless hotels have begun to lose their appeal.Those countries with little experience of tourism can suffer most. In recent years, Nepal set out to attract foreign visitors to fund developments in health and education. Its forests , full of wildlife and rare flowers, were offered to tourists as one more untouched paradise. In fact, the nature all too soon felt the effects of thousands of holiday-makers traveling through the forest land. Ancient tacks became major routes for the walkers, with the consequent exploitation of precious trees and plants.Not only the environment of a country can suffer from the sudden growth of tourism. The people as well rapidly feel its effects. Farmland makes way for hotels, roads and airports; the old way of life goes. The one-time farmer is now the servant of some multi-national organization; he is no longer his own master. Once it was his back that bore the pain ; now it is his smile that is exploited. No doubt he wonders whether he wasn't happier in his village working his own land.Thankfully, the tourist industry is waking up to the responsibilities it has towards those countries that receive its customers. The protection of wildlife and the creation of national parks go hand in hand with tourist development and in fact obtain financial support form tourist companies. At the same time, tourists are being encouraged to respect not only the countryside they visit but also its people.The way tourism is handled in the next ten years will decide its fate and that of the countries we all want to visit. Their needs and problems are more important than those of the tourist companies. Increased understanding in planning world-wide tourism can preserve the market for these companies. If not, in a few years’time the very things that attract tourists now may well have been destroyed.75. The author’s attitude towards the development of the tourist industry is __________.A. optimisticB. doubtfulC. objectiveD. negativeHere is an astonishing and significant fact: Menta l work alone can’t make us tire. It sounds absurd. But a years ago, scientists tried to find out how long the human brain could labor without reaching a stage of fatigue (疲劳). To the amazement of these scientists, they discovered that blood passing through the brain, when it is active, shows no fatigue at all! If we took a drop of blood from a day laborer, we would find it full of fatigue toxins(毒素) and fatigue products. But if we took blood from the brain of an Albert Einstein, it would show no fatigue toxins at the end of the day.So far as the brain is concerned, it can work as well and swiftly at the end of eight or even twelve hours of effort as at the beginning. The brain is totally tireless. So what makes us tired?Some scientists declare that most of our fatigue comes from our mental and emotional(情绪的) attitudes. One of England’s most outstanding scientists, J.A. Hadfield, says, “The greater part of the fatigue from which we suffer is of mental origin. In fact, fatigue of purely physical origin is r are.” Dr. Brill, a famous American scientist, goes even further. He declares, “One hundred percent of the fatigue of sitting worker in good health is due to emotional problems.”What kinds of emotions make sitting workers tired? Joy? Satisfaction? No! A feeling of being bored, anger, anxiety, tenseness, worry, a feeling of not being appreciated—those are the emotions that tire sitting workers. Hard work by itself seldom causes fatigue. We get tired because our emotions produce nervousness in the body.66. What’s the author’s attitude towards the scientists’ idea?A. He agrees with them.B. He doubts them.C. He argues against them.D. He hesitates to accept them.George Gershwin, born in 1998, was one of America’s greatest composers. He publish ed his first song when the was eighteen years old. During the next twenty years he wrote more than fivehundred songs.Many of Gershwin’s songs were first written for musical plays performed in theatres in New York City. These palys were a popular form of entertainment in the 1920s and 1930s. Many of his songs have remained popular as ever. Over the years they have been sung and played in every possible way — from jazz to country.In the 1920s there was a debate in the United States about jazz music. Could jazz, some people asked, be considered serious music? In 1924 jazz musician and orchestra leader Paul Whiteman decided to organize a special concert to show that jazz was serious music. Gershwin agreed to compose something for the concert before he realized he had just a few weeks to do it. And in that short time, he composed a piece for piano and orchestra which he called Rhapsody in Blue. Gershwin himself played the piano at the concert. The audience were thrilled when they heard his music. It made him world-famous and showed that jazz music could be both serious and popular.In 1928, Gershwin went to Paris. He applied to study composition (作曲)with the well-known musician Nadia Boulanger, but she rejected him. She was afraid that classical study would ruin his jazz-influenced style. While there, Gershwin wrote An American in Paris. When it was first performed, critics (评论家)were divided over the music. Some called it happy and full of life, to others it was silly and boring. But it quickly became popular in Europe and the United States. It sill remains one of his most famous works.George Gershwin died in 1937, just days after doctors learned he had brain cancer. He was only thirty-nine years old. Newspapers all over the world reported his death on their front pages. People mourned the loss of the man and all the music he might have still written.65. Which of the following best describes Gershwin?A. Talented and productiveB. Serious and boringC. popular and unhappyD. Friendly and honestAbout 30 years ago, I left Cuba for the United States with my son. After getting settled finally in Brunswick, New Jersey, I enrolled(注册) my son in kindergarten. Several weeks later, my son’s teacher asked me to meet him at his office.In the teacher’s office, and exchange of greetings was followed by his questions: “Is your son mentally retarded(弱智的)？Does he suffer from any kind of mental disability?”Was he talking about my wonderful Scola? NO, no, it can’t be. What a helpless, lonely moment! I told him that Scola was a quiet, sweet little boy, instead. I asked him why he was asking me all these questions.My son could not follow the teacher’s directions, he told me, and thus, Scola was disrupting the class, Didn’t he know my son did not speak English yet?H e was angry; “Why hasn’t your son been taught to speak English? Don’t you speak English at home?”No, I didn’t speak English at home, I replied. I was sure my son would learn English in a couple of months, and I didn't want him to forget his native language. Well, wrong answer! What kind of person would not speak in English to her son at home and at all time? “Are you one of those people who come to this country to save dollars and send them back to their country, never wanting to be a part of this society?”Needless to say, I tried to tell him I was not one of “those people.” Then he told me the meeting was over, and I left.As I had expected, my son learned to speak English fluently before the school year was over. He went on to graduate from college and got a job, earning close to six figures. He travels widely and leads a well-adjusted, contented life. And he has benefited from being bilingual(双语的)。
阅读理解之推理判断题
阅读理解之推理判断题推理判断题：要求考生在理解原文直接陈述观点的基础上领悟作者的言外之意，进行符合逻辑的推理，得出符合作者意愿的结论。
即要求考生根据文章提供的线索和事实进行逻辑推理，推测作者未提到过的事实或某事发生的可能性，将间接论据连贯起来，得出一个合理（指准确地从原文中推理，而不是读者主观认为的合理）的结论。
规律方法推断就是从已知的事件中推测未知事件（指文章或作者没有直接说明但暗示出来或根据作者提供的信息可能引出的必然结论），所以这类题目找不到直接答案，只可以找出供推论的依据。
小技巧1：不选择照抄原文的选项，要选择有同义词解释的选项。
1)不选事实细节选项2)不选非事实选项3)选概括性/哲理性的选项分类：1. 推断隐含意义2.推断作者观点或态度3.推断写作目的4.推断文章出处5.推断上下文内容A. 推断隐含意义1. Question forms:（常见问题的形式---这类题干中通常含有infer, suggest, imply, conclude等标志性词语）。
（1）It can be inferred from the text that .（2）From the text we know that …is most likely .（3）When the writer talks about …, what the writer really means is .（4）The writer suggests that .（5）The story implies that .（6）We can infer [conclude] from the passage that .2.技巧点拨1).全面分析2).忠实原文3).不要选择表层信息Passage1Did you ever hear a strange sound coming from the wall? Did it sound like a clock? If so, it may have been made by a beetle. Long ago people thought the ticking meant that someone was about to die. Thus the beetle is called "the deathwatch beetle." （1分钟）●The sound of this beetle ________.A. pleased people.B. surprised people.C. frightened people.D. excited people.B.推断作者观点或态度1. 说明文中作者的态度有:(1) objective 客观的(2) neutral 中立的；2. 在议论文中，有：(1)positive 积极的(2)negative 消极的(3)neutral 中立的(4)approval 赞成的(5) disapproval不赞成的(6) indifferent漠不关心的(7)sarcastic讽刺的(8)critical 批评的(9)optimistic 乐观的(10)pessimistic悲观的3..Question forms（问题的形式）（1）The writer’s attitude toward…is______.（2）The writer thought that______.（3）According to the author ______..技巧点拨注意作者表达感情色彩的，辨认作者使用的表达情感、态度及观点的形容词、副词、动词及所举的例子，以及承接上下文的连接词。
阅读理解中推理判断和推理推断的技巧知识点总结
阅读理解中推理判断和推理推断的技巧知识点总结阅读理解是各类考试中常见的题型，而推理判断和推理推断是阅读理解题中常见又关键的技巧。
本文将对推理判断和推理推断的技巧知识点进行总结，帮助读者更好地应对这类题目。
一、推理判断的技巧推理判断是根据已有信息进行逻辑推理，得出正确结论的能力。
以下技巧可辅助进行推理判断：1.寻找线索：在阅读题目文本时，要注意寻找关键线索，例如时间、地点、人物之间的关系等，这些信息有助于思考和推理。
2.分析矛盾点：在文本中，如果存在矛盾或不一致的陈述，可以通过分析矛盾点来得出逻辑推理的结论。
3.运用逻辑关系：根据逻辑关系进行推理判断，如因果关系、条件关系、对比关系等。
理解逻辑关系有助于找到正确答案。
4.归纳总结：在文本中，根据事实和信息进行归纳和总结，通过整体把握得出结论，有助于推理判断的准确性。
二、推理推断的技巧推理推断是在给定信息不全的情况下，根据隐含信息和常识进行推测的能力。
以下技巧可辅助进行推理推断：1.运用常识：要善于运用常识进行推理推断，如对于生活常识、常见事物的认识等，可以帮助推断出正确的答案。
2.寻找暗示：在阅读文本时，要仔细寻找可能存在的暗示信息，这些暗示信息往往可以提供关于答案的线索。
3.推测态度和观点：通过分析文本中的字词、句子和段落表达，推测作者的态度和观点，有助于进行推理推断。
4.分析上下文：要仔细分析文本的上下文关系，通过上下文的暗示和信息补充，进行合乎逻辑的推理推断。
三、练习和实践除了理解推理判断和推理推断的技巧，练习和实践也是提高能力的关键。
以下是一些建议：1.积累阅读材料：多读一些不同类型的文章和阅读材料，培养对不同题材和文体的理解和熟悉。
2.刷题增加经验：做一些阅读理解中的推理判断和推理推断题目，通过实践积累经验，并查漏补缺。
3.反思总结经验：在做题时，要及时反思自己的答题过程，总结解题的经验和技巧，发现问题并加以改进。
4.参考解析和讲解：在做完题后，可以参考相关的解析和讲解，加深对推理判断和推理推断的理解和掌握。
推理判断之推测作者观点、看法、情感、态度和预测后文(Ⅱ) Word版含解析
专题限时集训(九)推理判断之推测作者观点、看法、情感、态度和预测后文(Ⅱ)(对应学生用书第107页)A(2017·兰州市高考诊断考试) Tyler was born infected with HIV and his mother was also infected.From the very beginning of his life，he was dependent on medications(药物)to enable him to survive.When he was five，he had a tube surgically(外科手术上)inserted in a vein(静脉)in his chest.This tube was connected to a pump，which he carried in a small backpack on his back.Medications were connected to this pump and were continuously supplied through this tube to his bloodstream. At times，he also needed supplemented oxygen to support his breathing.Tyler wasn't willing to give up one single moment of his childhood to this deadly disease.It was not unusual to find him playing and racing around his backyard，wearing his backpack and dragging his tank of oxygen behind him in his little wagon(小推车)．All of us who knew Tyler were amazed at his pure joy in being alive and the energy it gave him.Tyler's mom often made jokes on him by telling him that he moved so fast she needed to dress him in red.That way，when she peered through the window to check on him playing in the yard，she could quickly spot him.This terrible disease eventually wore him down.He grew quite ill and，unfortunately，so did his HIVinfected mother.When it became clear that he wasn't going to survive，Tyler's mom talked to him about death.She comforted Tyler by telling him that she was dying too，and that she would be with him soon in heaven.A few days before his death，Tyler beckoned(召唤)me over to his hospital bed and whispered，“I might die soon.I'm not scared.When I die，please dress me in red.Mom promised she's coming to heaven，too.I'll be playing when she gets there，and I want to make sure she can find me.”【语篇解读】本文主要讲述了身患重病的孩子勇敢面对病魔积极拥抱生活的故事。
推理判断题型阅读解题技巧讲解-word文档
推理判断题型阅读解题技巧题型介绍推理题即要求考生在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，做出一定的判断和推理，从而得出文章的隐含意义和深层意义。
推理判断题属于主观性极强的高层次阅读理解题，做这类题目时，要严格依据作者所陈述的细节、事实以及作者的措词、态度和语气，找出能够表露作者思想倾向和感情色彩的词语，然后利用自己已获得的相关知识进行推理判断，从而得出符合逻辑的结论。
此时应特别注意：当问及作者的看法、意图与态度时，不要误认为是在问“你”(考生)的想法切忌主观，要通过文章内容推断作者的意图，即作者本人在字里行间所表述的观点。
解题技巧要通过文章的措辞、上下文关系以及文章的文体结构等来理解作者的意图和态度，领会作者的言外之意。
不能用主观臆断代替文中作者的观点，不能以事实代替推理，不能以具体代替抽象、以现象代替实质。
要特别注意那些描写环境以及反映作者情感、态度的语句。
正确选项的特点【高清链接】不是文中直接或明确说明的内容, 是间接表达出来的，除符合文章主旨外，还符合逻辑，让考生有推敲的余地。
另外，正确选项大多含义深刻,不是常识选项。
干扰项的特点1. 夸大事实：对于原文中的细节或论断的某方面程度进行了夸大处理。
2. 无中生有：捏造原文并不存在的信息，并以此作为依据进行推理。
3. 掺入常识：根据考生已有的常识是正确的,但是却不是基于文章。
4. 推理过头：引申过度，使结论过于绝对化。
◆推理短文出处提问方式推断文章出处的设题形式有：The passage is most likely to be taken from______.Where would this passage most probably appear?The passage is most likely a part of______.解题技巧这类问题应从文章的内容或结构来判断其出处：1. 报纸：前面会出现日期、地点或通讯社名称。
2. 广告：因其格式特殊，容易辨认。
阅读理解技巧推理判断态度观点词义猜测等
阅读理解技巧推理判断态度观点词义猜测等阅读理解技巧：推理判断、态度观点、词义猜测等阅读理解是我们学习和了解世界的重要方式之一。
在阅读理解过程中，我们需要掌握一些技巧，例如推理判断、态度观点分析以及词义猜测等。
本文将重点介绍这些技巧，并提供一些实用的方法供大家参考。
一、推理判断推理判断是根据已有信息进行合理推测和判断的能力。
在阅读理解中，作者有时会通过暗示或间接表达来传递信息，读者需要运用推理判断的能力进行推测。
以下是一些常用的推理判断技巧：1. 寻找线索：仔细阅读文章，寻找关键词、词组和句子，从中获取信息并进行推理判断。
2. 推断因果关系：根据文章中的因果关系词语（如"因此"、"所以"等）或上下文逻辑关系，推断出事物之间的因果关系。
3. 推断作者意图：通过分析作者的观点、态度和观点表达方式，推断出文章的目的和作者的意图。
4. 推断未写出的内容：有时作者在文章中没有明确提到某些信息，读者需要根据已有信息进行合理推断。
二、态度观点在阅读理解中，作家或作者的态度和观点对文章的理解非常重要。
了解作者的观点和态度可以帮助我们更好地理解文章的含义并判断文章是否具有偏见。
以下是一些分析态度观点的技巧：1. 寻找关键词：通过关键词（例如强调性词汇、情感色彩词汇）来判断作者的态度和观点。
2. 分析语气和语态：通过分析文章的语气和语态，判断作者对所述事物的态度。
例如，使用肯定语气和第一人称词汇，可能表示作者支持某个观点。
3. 对比各种观点：有时作者会提到不同的观点或观点对立，通过对比不同观点的表达方式和论据，可以判断出作者对这些观点的态度。
三、词义猜测阅读理解中，经常会遇到一些生词或不熟悉的词语。
准确理解这些词语对于正确理解文章的意思至关重要。
以下是一些词义猜测的技巧：1. 上下文暗示：通过上下文提供的线索，如同义词、反义词、解释或举例等，推断词语的含义。
2. 词根词缀：对词根和词缀的理解有助于推测词义。
阅读技巧推测与总结
阅读技巧推测与总结阅读是我们日常生活中必不可少的一项活动，我们通过阅读来获取各种信息，扩大自己的知识面。
然而，并不是每个人都能够高效地阅读并理解所读内容。
在阅读过程中，推测和总结是两种非常重要的技巧，可以帮助我们更好地理解和消化所读的文字。
本文将介绍阅读技巧中的推测与总结，并提供一些实用的方法和例子。
一、推测的重要性在阅读的过程中，作者并不会把所有的信息都明确地告诉读者，有时候需要读者通过自己的推测来理解上下文。
推测在阅读理解中占据着重要的地位。
通过推测，读者可以合理地揣测作者的意图、理解隐含的信息，并更好地理解文章的内涵。
推测的方法主要分为以下几种：1. 根据上下文推测：在段落或整篇文章中，有时作者并不会直接陈述某个观点或事实，但通过前后文的逻辑关系，我们可以推测出作者想要表达的意思。
2. 利用线索推测：作者往往会在文章中留下一些线索，通过我们发现这些线索并进行合理的推测，就可以揭示出文章的含义。
3. 推测作者态度：通过分析作者在文章中表达的观点、情感和态度，我们可以推测出作者对某个问题的态度。
二、总结的重要性在阅读文章时，总结是帮助我们加深理解和记忆的重要技巧。
通过总结，我们可以把大量的信息以简洁准确的方式表达出来，减少阅读负担，提取出关键信息，形成属于自己的知识体系。
总结的方法主要包括以下几个步骤：1. 抓住关键信息：在阅读过程中，要学会辨别出文章中的关键信息，例如重要的论点、观点、论据等。
2. 去除冗余信息：在总结时，要筛选出那些与主题不相关的信息，避免造成信息过载。
3. 归纳概括：通过简洁、准确地表达，将文章中的信息整合，形成概括性的总结。
三、推测与总结的实践意义推测和总结作为阅读的两个重要环节，对于我们的学习和工作都具有重要的实践意义。
1. 提高阅读理解能力：通过不断的推测和总结，我们可以培养自己的阅读理解能力，更加准确地理解和掌握文章的信息。
2. 增强记忆效果：通过总结文章，抓住关键信息，可以帮助我们更好地记忆和消化所读的内容。
阅读理解解题策略辨别正误判断与作者观点推测的多层次分析
阅读理解解题策略辨别正误判断与作者观点推测的多层次分析在阅读理解中，解题策略是非常重要的。
准确理解文章的观点、识别事实与观点之间的区别，可以帮助我们正确判断问题的答案。
本文将从辨别正误判断和推测作者观点两个方面展开多层次的分析，以帮助读者提高阅读理解的能力。
一、辨别正误判断的策略1. 确定问题类型：在阅读理解题中，常见的问题类型包括事实细节、推理判断、观点态度、逻辑关系等。
在解答问题前，应该首先明确问题的类型，以便选择合适的解题策略。
2. 仔细阅读文章：在解答问题前，要通读全文，理解文章的大意和主题。
在阅读过程中，可以划线重点词汇、标记关键信息，方便后续解题时回顾。
3. 查找答案线索：问题的答案通常在文章中有明确的线索，如数字、特定词汇或短语等。
通过文中提供的信息与问题进行对照，可以准确判断答案的正误。
4. 排除干扰选项：在选择答案时，要细心分析和比较选项之间的差异。
有时干扰选项会使用一些类似的词语或表达方式，但与文章的实际意思不符，需要进行排除。
二、推测作者观点的策略1. 观察语言态度：通过作者在文中使用的词汇、句式以及修辞手法，可以推测他们对待某个事物或观点的态度。
例如，使用积极的词汇和表达方式可能表示支持或认同，而消极的词汇则可能表示否定或批评。
2. 分析逻辑关系：观察文中的论证过程和逻辑关系，可以推测作者对问题的看法。
作者可能会通过因果关系、对比、对称、转折等手法来表达自己的观点。
3. 解读段落结构：观察文章的段落结构和组织方式，可以揭示作者的观点。
作者常常会在段落开头或结尾表达自己的观点，而中间部分则用来进行论证和支持。
4. 了解背景信息：了解作者的背景信息、文化背景和写作目的，有助于进一步推测他们的观点。
不同的作者可能有不同的观点倾向，这需要我们对文学作品、历史事件等有一定背景知识。
总结起来，辨别正误判断和推测作者观点是阅读理解解题的关键策略。
通过准确理解文章的观点、识别事实与观点之间的区别，以及通过分析语言态度、逻辑关系和段落结构等手段推测作者的观点，我们可以更好地解答阅读理解题，提高阅读理解能力。
阅读理解解题策略辨别正误判断与作者观点推测的多层次判断
阅读理解解题策略辨别正误判断与作者观点推测的多层次判断阅读理解是我们在学习和生活中所需要的一项重要技能。
通过阅读理解，我们可以更好地理解文章内容，把握作者的观点，并进行正确的判断和推测。
在阅读理解过程中，辨别正误判断和作者观点推测是两个重要的层次。
本文将介绍一些解题策略，帮助读者在阅读理解中准确辨别正误判断和推测作者观点。
一、辨别正误判断1.理解文章主题辨别正误判断的第一步是理解文章的主题。
通读全文，了解文章讨论的是什么内容，这样才能对文章中的信息进行准确的判断。
如果你不清楚文章的主题，那么你很难判断某个陈述是否正确。
2.寻找明确信息在文章中，有些信息是明确的、具体的，可以直接判断其正误。
这些信息常常包括数字、具体的事实、定义等等。
当你阅读到这些信息时，你可以直接判断其真实性，并作出正确的答案。
3.研究文章结构文章的结构对我们进行正误判断也有很大的帮助。
作者通常会在开头或结尾对某个观点进行总结或反驳，这样我们可以从文章的结构中判断作者对某个观点的态度。
4.注意修辞手法作者在表达观点时，往往会使用一些修辞手法。
比如夸张、反问、比喻等。
通过分析这些修辞手法，我们可以判断作者对某个观点的偏向性，帮助我们进行正确的正误判断。
二、作者观点推测的多层次判断1.抓住关键词在阅读理解中，抓住关键词是非常重要的。
通过识别文章中的关键词，我们可以更好地分析和推测作者的观点。
关键词通常是文章中的一些重点词汇、短语或句子。
2.分析上下文在阅读理解中，我们不能只看某一段落或某一句话，而应该把握整个文章的脉络。
通过分析上下文，我们可以更好地理解作者的观点，并进行合理的推测。
3.倾听作者声音在阅读理解中，我们需要尽量倾听作者的声音，理解作者的观点。
通过分析作者的用词、句子结构等，我们可以推测出作者对某个观点的态度。
4.注意逻辑关系在文章中，作者会使用一些逻辑关系，如因果关系、转折关系、并列关系等。
通过分析这些逻辑关系，我们可以更好地推测作者的观点，并准确回答相关问题。
高中阅读理解技巧之推理判断
高中阅读理解技巧之推理判断阅读理解是中学阶段的重要考试科目之一，而推理判断又是阅读理解中较为常见且关键的一个部分。
掌握好推理判断的技巧，不仅可以有效提高阅读理解能力，还能在其他学科和实际生活中帮助我们做出准确的推断和判断。
本文将为大家介绍一些高中阅读理解中的推理判断技巧。
一、理解文章主旨在进行推理判断时，首先要做到理解文章主旨，抓住文章的核心思想和观点。
通过仔细阅读文章的开头和结尾，了解文章的中心论点以及作者叙述的目的和态度，可以帮助我们更好地理解文章内容，并在推理判断中避免偏差。
二、分析文章结构了解文章的结构和段落之间的逻辑关系，可以帮助我们更好地把握文章的主题和信息的组织方式。
特别是对于具有因果关系、对比关系、转折关系等的段落和句子，我们可以通过分析这些关系来进行推理判断。
同时，注意文章中的过渡词和关联词，如“因此”、“但是”、“与此相比”等，这些词语常常暗示了作者要表达的逻辑关系，通过理解它们的用法可以更好地进行推理判断。
三、抓住关键词在阅读文章时，要注意抓住关键词，尤其是涉及到推理判断的部分。
关键词通常是表达作者观点、论证或描述事物特征的词语，通过分析这些关键词可以推断出更多的信息。
此外，还要注意定位词，如“一些”、“大多数”、“大部分”等，它们可以帮助我们判断作者的观点是具体还是泛泛。
四、灵活运用推理方法在进行推理判断时，我们可以运用以下几种常见的推理方法：1. 逆向推理：通过排除错误答案来确定正确答案。
当我们不能确定某个选项是否正确时，可以先假设它是正确的，然后检查文章中是否存在可以证明它不正确的证据。
2. 类比推理：通过将已有的解决办法或证据应用到类似的情况中来得出结论。
当我们遇到类似的问题或情境时，可以考虑运用类似的推理方式来解决。
3. 归纳推理：通过分析已有的细节和事实，得出一个更一般的结论。
当文章中存在一系列相似的事例或论据时，我们可以将它们综合起来，进行更宽泛的推理。
5、综合分析在进行推理判断时，要综合运用以上所述的技巧，避免过度依赖某一种方法。
初二语文阅读理解中的推理与判断
初二语文阅读理解中的推理与判断在初二语文的学习中，阅读理解是一个重要的部分，而其中的推理与判断能力更是提升阅读理解水平的关键。
当我们面对一篇文章时，如何通过字里行间的信息进行合理的推理和准确的判断，从而更好地理解作者的意图和文章的内涵，是我们需要深入探讨的问题。
首先，要明确什么是推理与判断。
推理是由一个或几个已知的判断（前提）推出新判断（结论）的过程。
在阅读理解中，我们常常需要根据文中提供的线索、细节、人物的言行等，推导出隐藏在文字背后的信息。
判断则是对事物情况有所断定的思维形式，比如判断某个观点是否正确，某个情节的发展是否合理等。
在初二的语文阅读理解中，推理与判断能力的重要性不言而喻。
它能够帮助我们更深入地理解文章的主题。
比如，当我们阅读一篇记叙文时，通过对人物的行为、语言和心理活动的推理，我们可以判断出人物的性格特点，进而理解作者想要表达的关于人性的主题。
推理与判断还能让我们更好地把握文章的结构和逻辑。
有些文章可能会采用迂回、伏笔等写作手法，如果我们没有推理和判断的能力，就很容易在阅读中迷失方向，无法理解作者的写作思路。
那么，如何在初二语文阅读理解中培养和运用推理与判断能力呢？注重细节是关键。
文章中的每一个细节都可能是推理的线索。
比如，人物的一个细微的表情、一个不经意的动作，都可能透露出他们内心的真实想法。
再比如，环境描写中的某个细节，可能暗示着故事的发展走向或人物的命运。
因此，在阅读时，我们要善于捕捉这些细节，并将它们串联起来进行推理。
学会分析文章的语言也是必不可少的。
作者的用词、语气、修辞手法等都能反映出他们的态度和观点。
比如，使用肯定的词汇往往表示作者的支持态度，而使用疑问或否定的词汇则可能表示作者的质疑或反对。
通过对这些语言元素的分析，我们可以做出相应的判断。
同时，要结合上下文进行推理和判断。
有时候，单独看某一句话或某一段可能无法理解其真正含义，但将其放入整个文章的语境中，就能清晰地看出作者的意图。
掌握解题技巧将推理判断收囊中
2018.NO05推理判断题考查考生透过文章表面文字信息推测文章隐含意思，对作者的态度及文章细节的发展做出正确判断的能力。
考生需尽量考虑文中的全部信息和事实，在理解通篇文章的基础上领会作者的言外之意，并做出正确的推断。
对文章深层次的把握，属于高层次的阅读理解。
即根据阅读材料中所提供的已知信息，推断出未知部分。
文章没有明确的答案，要求考生从作者的角度去考虑，不要固守自己的看法和观点。
一、推断隐含意义这类题干中通常含有infer, imply, suggest,conclude, indicate等标志性词语。
解题，对文段全面分析，重视原文，不要选择表面信息。
例：2017年课标全国卷║阅读D......Charles Darwin, over 150 years ago, imagined a world far busier, noisier and more intimate than the world we can see and hear. Our senses are weak. There’s a whole lot going on.试题35：What can we infer from the last paragraph?A.The world is changing faster than ever.B.People have stronger senses than before.C.The world is more complex than it seems.D.People in Darwin’s time were more imaginative.分析：最后一段提到，在150多年前，达尔文就曾想到这个世界比我们所看到的、所听到的更加繁忙，更加吵闹，也更加亲密。
我们的感官还不够强大，很多东西都未感知到。
由此可推断出，这个世界实际上更加复杂，故C项正确。
二、推断作者观点或态度作者的态度是指作者对陈述的观点是赞同、反对还是中立，对描写的人、物或事件等是赞颂、同情、冷漠还是厌恶、憎恨。
阅读理解-推测判断
阅读理解命题点3 推理判断本类考题解答锦囊每篇文章都有一定的写作目的，作者往往期待读者读了文章后知道应当怎样去做某些事情或按某种方式思考问题。
这层意思通常并不是在文章申明确表达出来，而是隐含在文章之中。
这就要求读者在阅读过程中去沟通外现的和内含的，已述的和未述的含义。
这就需要仔细的阅读和认真的思考，在通盘理解文章的基础上去领会作者的言外之意，去掌握语言的微妙之处，真正欣赏和理解阅读的东西；阅读中的推论是很常见的，我们所读的一切几乎都可以做出程度不同的推论。
凡推断出的内容在文章中都没有明确叙述，但却暗含在文字之中。
因此在进行推断时，必须以有关的文字部分作为推理的前提和依据。
所谓推断，指根据推测而加以判断；而推测总是根据已知的信息推断出未知的信息。
即把有关的文字作为已知部分，从中推断出未知部分。
据以推理的有关文字部分可能是词或句子，也可能是若干句，甚至全文，要想做出精确的推断，必须注意以下四点。
1．细心地了解文章中所提供的全部信息和信息的各个方面。
2．分析已知的信息，用正确的观点，借助于一些常识，最大限度地捕捉到信息的本质。
3．注意词、句子的本义和与之有关的其他意义。
4．根据己知信息，即短文或有关的文字部分，做出的推断必须与作者的原意相符，切忌以自己的观点取代作者的原意。
推理判断往往包括数据事实推断，常识推断，逻辑结论以及推断作者的写作目的、态度、倾；向等几种类型。
1．数据事实推断：这种推断常常针对某一个或几个具体细节。
是比较简单的推断。
首先在原文中找到据以推理的有关文字部分，对与数字有关的推断，只需简单推算，即可得出结果。
对与事实有关的，要加以分析，尤其要悟出字里行间的意思。
例题：House prices in England increased sharply between 1971 and 1972. The following records how much a house in Chelsea London, had risen in price since 1955:Take No. 29 Smith Terrace for example. In 1955,Jane Grey sold for ￡2,000. Mrs Bowena Black bought it for ￡4,900 and sold it nine years later to Bill and Dreen White for ￡22,950. Now four years later. 1)The price of the house was as high in 1972 as in the yearJane Grey sold it.A. about ten timesB. twiceC. 150 percentD. fifteen times2)Mrs Bowena Black made a prof it (利润)of______.A. ￡2,900B. ￡8,典型例题￡7,典型例题 D. ￡18,典型例题Of all the tenants,who earned most?A. The Whites.B. Jane Grey.C. Mrs Black.D. Mr White.4)When did Mrs Black buy the house?A. 1971.B. 1972C. 1968.D. 19595)Jane Grey lived at No. 29 Smith TerraceA. for four yearsB. for nine yearsC. between 1971 and 1972D. before 19556)If MrS B1aCk had waited four years to setl the house She would have earned as much as_______.A．￡28，000 B．￡18，000 C．￡30，000 D．￡25，100以上各题的推理前提均可在原文中找到。
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专题限时集训(八)推理判断之推测作者观点、看法、情感、态度和预测后文(Ⅰ)(对应学生用书第105页)A(2017·河南、河北、山西、湖北、湖南、江西、安徽省七所名校联考)When it comes to writing work emails，there are many rules to follow.In the past，people always wanted to come across as someone who's calm and professional，which workplace manners experts say means they wanted to hold back their love for emoticons(表情符号)while on the job.But language is always changing，and a recent national survey in the US found that 76 percent of Americans said that they had used emoticons in digital communication at work.The most popular emoticon is the happy face.Lindsey Pollak，a US career coach who works with Millennials(千禧一代)，has also noticed that emoticons have gone from being inappropriate for the workplace to being accepted.The reason behind this，according to her，is largely due to the changing of people in a particular age group of the lennials are now the biggest generation in the American workforce.“A few years ago，emoticons were absolutely seen as very young and very personal，”Pollak said，“Over the past few years...I've seen emoticons become more acceptable.I see them more frequently not just from Millennials but from all generations at the workplace.”“People tend to use emoticons to just add that little bit of extra change in the tone when there's something awkward or potentially offensive，or when they might take in things in the wrong way，”explains Lauren Collister，a sociolinguist.In life and work，many of us have used emoticons to send positive atmosphere or soften statements.Pollak，however，warns against being too casual at work.Her advice is to be aware of who the audience is.“Frankly，I wouldn't use a happy face with any CEO in the US.I wouldn't use a happy face with the people of a certain level no matter how commonplace and acceptable it has become，”she said，“You can make or break arelationship with one email these days.”【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。
向我们介绍了表情符号在工作邮件中的使用越来越流行的原因以及人们对此要注意的方面。
1．What does the author say about past working people?A．They were calm and professional.B．They used more serious emoticons.C．They were not fond of emoticons.D．They avoided using emoticons at the workplace.D[考查细节理解。
根据第一段中的“they wanted to hold back their love for emoticons(表情符号)while on the job”可知，以前的职员在工作中抑制自己对表情符号的喜爱，即避免使用表情符号。
故选D。
根据第一段中的“people always wanted to come across as someone who's calm and professional”可排除A 项。
]2．What can people use emoticons to do at the workplace?A．Make it personal to communicate.B．Keep up with the trend of the times.C．Show a positive attitude to the receiver.D．Help them share their ideas and feelings.C[考查推理判断。
根据第四段的内容可知，当尴尬或者可能冒犯别人的事情发生时，或者可能误解了某事时，人们往往会使用表情符号来稍微改变一下语气，传达积极的交流氛围或者让表达变得缓和。
也就是说，在工作场合，人们可以通过表情符号来向接收者表达自己积极的态度。
故选C。
] 3．What can we learn from the last paragraph?A．Emoticons should be used with caution.B．There are strict limitations on emoticon using.C．All the US CEOs are against the use of emoticons.D．Emoticons can greatly help bring people closer.A[考查推理判断。
根据最后一段中的“Pollak，however，warns against being too casual at work.”“‘I wouldn't use a happy face with any CEO in the US.I wouldn't use a happy face with the people of a certain level’”“‘You canmake or break a relationship with one e-mail these days’”可知，人们在使用表情符号时要谨慎，要分场合分人，不能随意使用表情符号。
]4．What's the writer's attitude towards the use of emoticons at work?A．Subjective.B．Objective.C．Doubtful. D．Opposing.B[考查作者态度。
纵观全文可知，作者既谈到了表情符号的流行及作用，也谈到了人们在使用表情符号时需要注意的地方。
因此作者的态度是客观的，故选B。
]B【导学号：52384052】(2017·陕西省西安地区八校联考)The American newspaper has been around for about three hundred years.In 1721，the printer James Franklin，Benjamin's older brother，started The Ne w England Courant，and that was what we might recognize today as a real newspaper.He filled his paper with stories of adventure，articles on art，on famous people，and on all sorts of political subjects.Three centuries after the appearance of Franklin's Courant，few believe that newspapers in their present printed form will remain alive for long.Newspaper companies are losing advertisers，readers and market value which would not have been imaginable just several years ago.The chief editor of the Times said recently，“At places where they gather，editors ask one another，‘How are you’as if they have just come out of the hospital or a lost law case.”An article about the newspaper appeared on the website of The Guardian，under the headline “NOT DEAD YET”．Perhaps not，but the rise of the Internet，which has made the daily newspaper look slow and out of step with the world，has brought about a real sense of death.Some American newspapers have lost 42% of their market value in the past three years.The New York Times Company has seen its stock(股票)drop by 54%since the end of 2004，with much of the loss coming in the past year.A manager at Deutsche Bank suggested that stockholders sell off their Times stock.The Washington Post Company has prevented the trouble only by changing part of its business to education；its testing and test-preparation service now bring in at least half the company's income.【语篇解读】本文由报纸起源引出传统报纸受到冲击的现状，但也指出有的报纸找到了其他出路。