【优化指导】(课标全国)高考英语总复习课时作业12北师大版.doc
【优化指导】(课标全国)高考英语总复习 课时作业12 北师大版
【优化指导】（课标全国）高考英语总复习课时作业12 北师大版一、阅读理解AI live in Hollywood.You may think people in such an attractive，funfilled place are happier than others.If so，you have some mistaken ideas about the nature of happiness.Many intelligent people still equate(使相等)happiness with fun.The truth is that fun and happiness have little or nothing in common.Fun is what we experience during an act.Happiness is what we experience after an act.It is a deeper，more longlasting emotion.Going to an amusement park or ball game，watching a movie or television，are fun activities that help us relax，temporarily forget our problems and maybe even laugh.But they do not bring happiness，because their positive effects end when the fun ends.I have often thought that if Hollywood stars have a role to play，it is to teach us that happiness has nothing to do with fun.These rich，beautiful individuals have constant access to exciting parties，fancy cars，expensive homes，and everything that spells“happiness”．But in memoir(回忆录)after memoir，celebrities reveal the unhappiness hidden beneath all their fun：depression，alcoholism，drug addiction，broken marriages，troubled children，longtime loneliness.The way people hold on to the belief that a funfilled，painfree life equates happiness actually decreases their chances of ever attaining real happiness.If fun and pleasure are equated with happiness，then pain must be equated with unhappiness.But，in fact，the opposite is true：More often than not，things that lead to happiness involve some pain.As a result，many people avoid the very endeavors or efforts that are the source of true happiness.They fear the pain inevitably brought by such things as marriage，raising children，professional achievement，religious commitment，charitable work，and selfimprovement.1．According to the passage，“fun activities”mentioned in the 2nd paragraph______.A．are the things we do before we find happinessB．may help us relax and forget our problems sometimesC．will lead us to the true happinessD．could provide longlasting positive effects2．I n the author’s opinion，those Hollywood stars______.A．possess happiness because they are rich and famousB．experience almost all kinds of happy thingsC．tell us happiness isn’t equal to fun using their own storiesD．have to suffer a lot before they become successful3．It is difficult for people to find real happiness because______.A．they believe happiness is the fun life without painB．they find pain equals unhappinessC．they fear to lose what they already have in lifeD．they are afraid all their efforts were in vain4．The main purpose of the text is to______.A．describe the difference between happiness and funB．show the true meaning of happinessC．encourage people to pursue fun activitiesD．advise people to find their real lifeBWhy do human beings still risk their lives underground and doing one of the dirtiest and most dangerous jobs in the world? A small group of engineers and robotics experts envision(展望)a day in the nottoodistant future when robots and other technology do most of the dangerous mining work.One of the first mining robots was developed five years ago at Carnegie Mellon University’s Robotics Institute.It was called Groundhog and it looked like a golf cart.It used lasers(激光)to“see”in dark tunnels and map abandoned mines—some of the most dangerous work in the business.The latest prototype is called Cave Crawler.It’s a bit smaller than Groundhog，and even more advanced.It can take photos and videos and has sensors that can detect the presence of dangerous gases.Incredibly，the robot has a real sense of logic.If it comes across an obstacle it gets momentarily confused.It has to think about what to do and where to go next.Sometimes it throws_a_fit just like a real person.Myles and his colleagues hope that robots like Cave Crawler will one day be usedin rescue operations.“A robot could speed up the rescue process by doing reconnaissance(侦察)，”says Chuck Whittaker，a robotics engineer at Carnegie Mellon.“The robot can go ahead and，with its sensors，report what it has found and whether it is safe for humans to proceed.”Using robots in rescue operations，though，is problematic.The lasers that guide the robots don’t work in smoky environments so the engineers at Carnegie Mellon have experimented with sonar(声呐)and radar guidance systems，and with some success.Some experts predict that robots in mines will serve much of the same function that they do in the automotive industry.The robots do the most repetitive and dangerous jobs，but won’t get rid of the need for human workers.5．The underlined phrase“throws a fit”in paragraph 3 probably means“______”．A．gets angry B．gets shockedC．becomes confused D．becomes cheerful6．We can infer from the last paragraph that ______.A．the mining robots will have a very bright futureB．robots in the automotive industry must be improvedC．there will be no need for human workers in minesD．robots in mines will cost a lot7．What can guide the robots in smoky environments?A．The lasers.B．Sonar and radar guidance systems.C．Command guidance systems.D．Image matching guidance systems.二、短文填空根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
【优化指导】(课标全国)高考英语总复习课时作业35北师大版.doc
35 北师大版
课时作业（三十五）
Unit 18 A 卷
- 、单项填空
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【优化指导】(课标全国)高考英语总复习 课时作业1 北师大版
课时作业(一)班级：______________ 姓名：______________ 学号：______________Unit 1A卷一、单项填空1．(2012潍坊模拟)______we leave for Beijing and visit the Great Wall tomorrow，do you think he will get ready by then?A．Think B．GuessC．Suppose D．Imagine2．The incomes of skilled workers went up.______，unskilled workers saw their earnings fall.A．Moreov er B．ThereforeC．Meanwhile D．Otherwise3．(2012银川模拟)These teenagers don’t know much of the world yet；that’s why they are so ea sily______.A．taken in B．taken onC．taken up D．taken over4．______ about the economic crisis that he decided to look for more information about it.A．So curious he was B．So curious was heC．Such curious he was D．Such curious was he5．(2012皖南八校联考)We have every reason to believe the print media are usually more ______ and relia ble than the Internet.A．accurate B．ridiculousC．urgent D．shallow6．(2012大连模拟)You can go and play games with your friends when you finish your homework.But remember ______ all the lights when you leave.A．to switch off B．to switch onC．switching off D．switching on7．(2012株洲模拟)People in these countries demand equal treatment for all，______race，religion or sex.A．in defence of B．regardless ofC．instead of D．in support of8．(2012厦门理工学院附中模拟)She ______ such a serious heart trouble that it was difficult to regain her health.A．suffered B．tookC．owned D．carried9．(2012海口模拟)China has special football schools where children acquire ball skills ______ a formal education.A．instead of B．exc ept forC．rather than D．as well as10．(2012安阳模拟)As we joined the big crowd I got ______ from my friends.A．separated B．sparedC．lost D．missed11．(2012三门峡模拟)Beijing was attacked by the same terrible storm ______ a lot of people living along the coast had ever experienced before.A．as B．and it wasC．that D．which12．(2012洛阳月考)This was a really difficult question，but a little boy ______ a good answer.A．came up to B．came outC．came up with D．came round13．—Didn’t you have a good time at the party?—Of course I did.As a matter of fact，I had such fun that time seemed to ______ so quickly.A．go by B．go awayC．go out D．go over14．His first book ______ next month is based on a true story.A．published B．to be publishedC．to publish D．being published15．(2012焦作质检)______he got the news，Mr.Mathews hurried out of his house，______ his car，and drove all the way to town.A．When；started B．The moment；startedC．Until；starting D．Once；to start二、完形填空(2012焦作检测)My husband，Bob，died in January 2004.His death was unexpected as well.I __1__ condolences(哀悼)from people I hadn’t heard from in years：letters，cards，flowers，calls，and visits.I took a bad knock with __2__.I was so struggling to __3__ the whys and hows of this terrible thing that had happened to my family，knowing in my heart that there really were no __4__.It’s just all so sad.One message __5__ me deeply.I received a letter from my best friend from sixth __6__ through high school.We had drifted somewhat since __7__ in 1959，as she stayed in our hometown and I did not.__8__ it was the kind of friendship that could quickly resume even if we __9__ touch for five or ten years.Her husband，Pete，had died perhaps 20 years ago at a young age，__10__ her with deep sorrow and heavy __11__： finding a job and raising three young children.She and Pete，__12__ Bo b and I，had shared one of those rare，close，“loveofyourlifeyoucanneverforget”__13__.In her letter she __14__ an anecdote about my mother who had passed away years ago.She wrote，“When Pete died，your dear mother __15__ me and said，‘Trudy，I don’t know what to say...so I’ll just say I love you.’”She closed her letter to me repeating my mother’s words of so long __16__，“Bonnie，I don’t know what to say...so I’ll just say I love you.”I felt I __17__ almost hear my mother speaking to me now.What a __18__ message of sympathy！How dear of my friend to cherish it all those years and then __19__ it on to me.I love you.__20__ words.A gift.A legacy(遗赠物)．1．A.received B．wroteC．sent D．showed2．A.disappointment B．reliefC．grief D．regret3．A.ask B．experienceC．explain D．understand4．A.answers B．skillsC．explanation D．information5．A.impressed B．touchedC．appreciated D．affected6．A.grade B．classC．sense D．week7．A.marriage B．graduationC．quarrel D．settlement8．A.Instead B．ThereforeC．But D．However9．A.kept B．lostC．got D．engaged10．A.moving B．returningC．staying D．leaving11．A.opportunities B．responsibilitiesC．services D．chances12．A.including B．as well asC．like D．except for13．A.contacts B．backgroundsC．interests D．relationships14．A.shared B．combinedC．achieved D．remembered15．A.met B．kissedC．hugged D．shook16．A.after B．awayC．apart D．ago17．A.must B．shouldC．would D．could18．A.powerful B．seriousC．bitter D．sincere19．A.deliver B．passC．return D．remind20．A.Unnecessary B．PerfectC．Curious D．Abstract三、阅读理解(2012合肥一中月考)Ask someone what they have done to help the environment recently and they will almost certainly mention recycling.Recycling in the home is very important of course.However，being forced to recycle often means we already have more material than we need.We are dealing with the results of that_overconsumption in the greenest way as possible as we can，but it would be far better if we did not bring so much material home in the first place.The total amount of packaging has increased by 12% between 1999 and 2005.It now makes up a third of a typical household waste in the UK.In many supermarkets nowadays food items are packaged twice with plastic and cardboard.Too much packaging is doing serious damage to the environment.The UK，forexample，is running out of it for burying this unnecessary waste.If such packaging is burnt，it gives off greenhouse gases which go on to cause the greenhouse effect.Recycling helps，but the process itself uses energy.The solution is not to produce such items in the first place.Food waste is a serious problem，too.Too many supermarkets encourage customers to buy more than they need.However，few of them are coming round to the idea that this cannot continue，encouraging customers to reuse their plastic bags，for example.But this is not just about supermarkets.It is about all of us.We have learned to associate packaging with quality.We have learned to think that something unpackaged is of poor quality.This is especially true of food.But it is also app lied to a wide range of consumer products，which often have far more packaging than necessary.There are signs of hope.As more of us recycle，we are beginning to realize just how much unnecessary materials are collected.We need to face the wastefulness of our consumer culture，but we have a mountain to climb.1．What does the underlined phrase“that overconsumption”refer to?A．Using too much packaging.B．Recycling too many wastes.C．Making more products than necessary.D．Having more material than it is needed.2．The author uses figures in Paragraph 2 to show______.A．the tendency of cutting household wasteB．the increase of packaging recyclingC．the rapid growth of supermarketsD．the fact of packaging overuse3．According to the text，recycling______.A．helps control the greenhouse effectB．means burning packaging for energyC．is the solution to gas shortageD．leads to a waste of land4．What can be inferred from Paragraph 4?A．Unpackaged products are of bad quality.B．Supermarkets care more about packaging.C．It is improper to judge quality by packaging.D．Other products are better packaged than food.参考答案与解析课时作业(一)Unit 1A卷一、单项填空2．解析：句意：熟练工人的收入增加了，而与此同时，非熟练工人发觉他们的收入下降了。
【优化指导】(课标全国)高考英语总复习 课时作业42 北师大版
【优化指导】（课标全国）高考英语总复习课时作业42 北师大版一、阅读理解AIceland has the highest birth rate in Europe，the highest divorce rate，and the highest percentage of women working outside the home.Such statistics are often evidence of a miserable，chaotic(混乱的)society，with loads of children，broken homes and absent mothers.But Iceland is the exception—its citizens are the happiest in the world.Perhaps the country's geographic location contributes to Icelanders' happiness.Located in the middle of the North Atlantic，with Greenland as its nearest neighbor，Iceland is free from the taboos(禁忌)that cause so much trouble elsewhere.For instance，people who divorce are not looked down upon by the society.Icelanders are offsprings(后代)of the Vikings，a north European people who invaded European coasts from the 8th through the 10th century.This tradition of getting out into the world lives on in modern Iceland.Practically all Icelanders have studied or worked abroad，and most speak English.Perhaps as a result，Iceland's economic policies blend the best of thosefrom Europe with the US to create its own welfare system.“Many of us have lived in the US，and studied there，”said the Icelandic Prime Minister Geir Haarde.“We have both taken from them and found that naturally we share the cando attitude—that if you work hard，anything can be done.”In deed，the country is rich in writers，painters，film makers and musicians.There's Sigur Ros，a postrock band，and also a national symphony orchestra that plays to the highest standards all over the world.Half the population appears to have written a book.“Iceland has harsh(恶劣的)nature，with its bitter everchanging weather，”said Haraldur Jonsson，a painter，sculptor and video and performance artist.“We cannot escape it.So we find ways ______.We have to have a rich internal(内在的)life to fill the empty spaces.”1．It is commonly believed that high birth rate and divorce rate will bring about ______.A．social problems B．happinessC．a unique welfare system D．modern way of life2．The underlined word“blend”in the fourth paragraph means“______”．A．combine B．correctC．compare D．compete3．Which of the following is NOT mentioned as the reason for Icelanders' happiness?A．Geographic location. B．A rich internal life.C．National pride. D．Freedom from taboos.BExperts believe that there are about 40,000 different types of jobs in the world.Choosing the right one is a difficult job in itself.“Finding a job”is not the same as“choosing a job”．Many young people end up in a job that they are not suited to.“Chance”may play a more important part than“decision”．So here are a few steps to help you think about jobs，which you might enjoy doing after school or university.First，it is importan t to recognize what kind of person you are and which special qualities make you different from everyone else.To examine your skills and abilities even further，ask yourself this question：in the following three areas—skills with people，skills with information or skills with things—which are your best skills?You may have noticed something while you were doing this task.The point is that there is a difference between an interest and a skill.If you like art and enjoy looking at pictures，it is an interest.But if you can draw a horse that looks like a horse and not a big dog，that is a skill.The best job is one that uses your skills in something that you are interested in.In addition tothis，it is an advantage if you believe that a particular job is worth doing in the world.After that，the next step is research.To find out as much as possible about different kinds of work，go to the library and read books，magazines and newspapers.Ask your friends about the work they do.If you are interested in banking，it is better to talk to a bank clerk who is twentyfour，rather than a bank manager who is sixtyfour.Do not rely on your parents' friends for information.A younger person will be able to describe a normal day at work and tell you about the interesting or boring things when you first start working.Finally，trust your own ideas and your own thinking！It is your own life，so find something that you enjoy doing.4．What's the difference between“finding a job”and“choosing a job”？A．“Finding a job”is a decision while“choosing a job”is a chance.B．“Finding a job”is more important than“choosing a job”．C．A job that you find is one that is more suitable for you than one that you choose.D．A job that you choose is based on your decision and suits you while one that you find often isn't.5．What is the first step to find a job that suits you well?A．To recognize what kind of person you are and which special qualities make you different from everyone else.B．To find out as much as pos sible about different kinds of work.C．To ask your friends about the work they do.D．To consider your parents' advice.6．All the following things are ways of research about different kinds of work except ______.A．going to the library and referring to booksB．turning to your friends for helpC．turning to your parents' friends for adviceD．talking to a younger person for information7．Where does the passage probably appear?A．A textbook. B．A newspaper.C．A TV programme. D．A magazine.二、短文填空根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
【优化指导】(课标全国)高考英语总复习 课时作业6 北师大版
【优化指导】（课标全国）高考英语总复习课时作业6 北师大版一、阅读理解A“Slow City”is a new project focused on preserving the traditional and unique quality of life enjoyed in some of Italy’s smaller cities and towns.“The American urban model has influenced our cities，and puts Italian towns at risk of looking the same.We want to stop this kind of globalization，”says Paolo Saturnini，mayor of the Tuscan city of Greve in Chianti.The“Slow City”project plans to preserve the rich cultural，culinary(烹饪的)and artistic local traditions of each community.Squares and darks will be made greener with more plants，car alarms and other sources of noise will be banned，and ugly TV aerials(天线)and advertising posters will be taken down.City councils will also encourage the use of recycling and renewable energy sources，and will introduce ecological transport systems.Parking will be made stressfree through more public parking areas，and walkways and bike lanes(车道)will cross the city.But following the principles of“Slow City”，all these improvements will proba bly come about slowly.The project was born from the“Slow Food”movement，started in Italy in the 1980s，which encourages slow eating and the growing of local，healthy products instead of American fast food and industrial crops.The thirtytwo Italian city councils that initially joined the“Slow City”program have decided to take further steps by increasing the numbers of traditional familystyle restaurants，reducing noise pollution，and concentrating on making their towns more relaxing and peoplefriendly.Organic local produce will be encouraged in all restaurants and genetically modified foods will be forbidden.“We can’t stop large fastfood chains from coming here，but we hope that people who come to our towns will not want to eat exactly the same hamburgers they can eat in Melbourne，London or Paris，but want something healthy and different，”says Satumini.The mayors of these cities，however，are not opposed to progress.They want tokeep in step with modern technology，which will make their cities easier to live in.“We are not against the modern world；we just want to protect what is good in our lives and keep the unique character of our towns，”says Saturnini.1．According to the text，the“Slow City”project aims at ______.A．protecting the traditional Italian lifestyleB．preventing Italy from being affected by technologyC．saving the environment of smaller cities and townsD．calling on Italians to change their own lifestyle2．Which of the following is TRUE according to the text?A．Cities are now being built slowly.B．People who eat quickly aren’t allowed in these towns.C．This project inspired the“Slow Food”movement.D．Eating American fast food is discouraged in Italian towns.3．Further steps in the project include ______.a．cutting down noise pollutionb．getting towns to be more relaxingc．focusing on building more townsd．building more familystyle restaurantsA．a，b，c B．a，b，dC．b，c，d D．a，b，c，d4．In Saturnini’s opinion，visitors to his city______.A．don’t have to drive slowlyB．will find it to be underdeve lopedC．can enjoy Italianstyle healthy foodD．will see fewer fastfood restaurantsB(2012合肥一中月考)The Chinese word“Shanzhai”means a small mountain village，but now it becomes an accepted name for fakes(假货)after“Shanzhai Cellphones”produced by small workshops in southern China became popular in the mainland market over the past two years.Besides“Shanzhai”electronic products，there are“Shanzhai”movies，“Shanzhai”stars and even a“Shanzhai”Spring Festival Gala，a copy of the 25yearold traditional show presented by CCTV on Chinese Lunar New Year’s Eve.“Shanzhai”has become a culture of its own，symbolizing anything that imitates something famous.The phenomenon has caused a public debate over whether it is healthy or sick being a copycat.In southwestern China’s C hongqing Municipality，a“Shanzhai”version“Bird’s Nest”woven by farmers with bamboo attracts wide attention and the“Shanzhai”version“Water Cube”is popular with tourists，too.Both are copies of the famous Olympics buildings in Beijing.Xie Xizhang，a literature critic，said that taking the“Shanzhai”Gala as an example，when the traditional CCTV program becomes less and less attractive to the audience，the“Shanzhai”version appears naturally to attract people.“In spite of its poor techniques and qualities，‘Shanzhai’cu lture meets the psychological demands of common people and could be a comfort to their minds，”Xie said.Tian Huiqun， a professor at Beijing Normal University，said that“Shanzhai”culture never copies classic things，only trendy products.In that sense，it’s like a computer virus，multiplying without meaning.Though controversial，“Shanzhai”culture is becoming a wide ly accepted phenomenon.To the mainstream culture，the rise of“Shanzhai”culture is a challenge as well as a motivation，said Xie.Tian said different kinds of cultures developing together is an ideal situation and it is for the public to choose.5．The Chinese Word“Shanzhai”may have its origin in ______.A．fake cellphones B．electronic productsC．Spring Festival Gala D．Olympics buildings6．According to the passage，“Shanzhai”culture refers to “______”．A．the action that a person imitates famous peopleB．anything that imitates something famousC．those similar names to famous brandD．products with poor techniques and qualities7．We can infer that the mainstream culture ______.A．will be held back by“Shanzhai”cultureB．will sooner or later be replaced by“Shanzhai”cultureC．may develop faster because of the challenging of“Shanzhai”cultureD．thinks nothing of the challenge of“Shanzhai”culture二、短文填空根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
【优化指导】(课标全国)高考英语总复习课时作业2北师大版.doc
【优化指导】（课标全国）高考英语总复习课时作业2北师大版课时作业（二）Unit 1 B 卷一、阅读理解A（2012皖屮示范髙中联考）Tf you，re concerned about gaining weight over the upconring hoiiday season, consider eating more siowly and you might consume less, a study suggests .Diet experts have been promoting this advice for years, and now nutrition scientists at the University of Rhode Island have some new data to back it lip.They had 30 norma weight, college-age women come into a laboratory for 1 unch on two separate occasions. Each time the women were offered a huge plate of tomato- vegetable sauce plus a glass of water. They were asked to eat until the point of comfortable fullness. On one occasion, they were instructed to eat as quickly as they could； on the other occasion, they ate slowly and put down their spoons between bites.They didt know the food and water was weighed before and after the meal to determine the amount con sumed ? Fin dings： Whe n eat i ng quickly, the women con sumed 646 calories i n about nine minutes. Whe n eating more si owl y, they had an average of 579 calories in about 29 minutes.“They ate 67 calories more in nine minutes than they did in 29 minutes, ” s ays lead researcher Kathleen Me Ians. "If you add that up over three meals a day, that" s a big difference in calories. ”Upon completion of the meal and an hour afterward, the women were less satisfied and hungrier when eating quickly compared with when they ate slowly, she says. They said they enjoyed the meal more whe n they were taking their time .Not surpris in gly, the women drank more water when they ate more slowly, and researchers a re doing a fo11ow?up study on whether that factor contributed to their feeling of fullness.One way to help control calorie intake during Thanksgiving is "to put down the fork between bites and take time to have a conversation v , she says.1.What" s the difference between the two occasions on which these women had their。
（课标全国）高考英语总复习 课时作业30 北师大版
【优化指导】（课标全国）高考英语总复习课时作业30 北师大版一、阅读理解ADoe our ae a headache，Sinova e mon connection between variou reigion and create a new word idea ma ound over ambitiou野心太大的，and mabe it mabe it i i our deemon connection between variou reigionC．to reduce tre and ighten dee under the genera term“friendhie，the more the deae aowance for each other，to arriage，__5__ But the u hared e to create a coe and ating reationhian factor can affect friendhi downD．argument and dicuion can imic and ocia tatu，etcF．we onie to trengthen the reationhi ei Mountain in everone now，it’ famou mountain with a ind of were ver we cimbed the mountain，we fed mone，viiting teme，and we oment m head touched the iow参考答案与解析课时作业三十Unit 15B卷一、阅读理解解题导语：电脑使用的时间过长的话，会变得很热，散发很多的热量。
一些研究人员采纳了一种新的方法来使笔记本电脑冷却。
他们在处理信息的时候，使得一些指向某一特定方向的旋转的电子，转移到另一个地方。
他们的这种设施可以长距离地传输信息，从而达到使电脑不会散发更多的热量，在平常的室温下使用。
【优化指导】(课标全国)高考英语总复习 课时作业41 北师大版
【优化指导】（课标全国）高考英语总复习课时作业41 北师大版一、单项填空1．(2020平顶山月考)The government passed a regulation to ______ parking in the city centre.A．avoid B．prohibitC．allow D．agree2．Since I'm a citizen，nobody can ______ me of my right to work and speak.A．take B．preventC．rob D．steal3．(2020湖北联考)The present system no longer meets the changing needs of our customers；we have to make a(n)______ management system.A．contradictory B．endlessC．flexible D．concrete4．(2020江苏调研)Football fans are always arguing over those ______ goals in the World Cup.A．confidential B．controversialC．contemporary D．contradictory5．(2020皖西五校联考)We both strongly ______ you going to the country at this time of the war.It's not a wise decision.A．enjoy B．opposeC．appreciate D．insist6．We would maintain the world balance of power ______.A．at all costs B．at costC．at our best D．at best7．—Mike，it's a pity you didn't come to last night's concert.It was really great!—Really？If I ______ so busy，I would have gone with you.A．hadn't been B．weren'tC．shouldn't be D．wouldn't be8．(2020六安月考)It has been several months since he ______ the fuel tank.A．wiped away B．wiped offC．wiped out D．wiped up9．We should always be ______ of the views of others，even if we disagree with them.A．cautious B．curiousC．respective D．tolerant10．His sister is said ______in the supermarket when she was doing shopping there yesterday.A．to be badly treated B．badly treatedC．being badly treated D．to have been badly treated11．It has been reported that some government leaders ______ their authority and position to get illegal profits for themselves.A．employ B．abandonC．abuse D．overlook12．After he hung up，he felt more tired than ever and decided to ______ calling the detective agency until the next day.A．desire B．suggestC．derive D．postpone13．The lucky fans will be picked out ______ rather than chosen beforehand to perform with the singer during the party.A．by accident B．on earthC．at random D．on average14．In spite of the differences in colors，languages and races，we share the charm and joy of the Olympic Games，and together we ______ the peace of the world.A．seek for B．vote forC．make up D．make sure15．Every day my afterschool ______ is doing my homework and then watching TV until I go go bed at half past ten.A．route B．routineC．practice D．drill二、完形填空(2020西安质检)My father enjoys bike riding.Ever since I was little，I've always loved going biking with my dad.__1__，as I became a teenager，other things began to draw my __2__.Suddenly，it was important to do things with __3__.I saw my dad every evening at home.Why did I have to __4__ my Sundays to allday bike trips with him，too？If my indifference(冷漠)hurt him，my father kept __5__，but he would always let me know when he was planning a bike trip __6__ I wanted to come.It was a Sunday morning，and I was in low __7__.Two of my friends had gone to the movies without inviting me.Just then my father __8__ my room.“It's a beautiful day.Want to go for a __9__，today，Beck？”“Leave me alone！”I impatiently __10__.Those were the last words I said to him before he left the house that __11__.Several hours later，the police called us，__12__ us that Dad had a traffic accident.My father's injuries were serious.It took several days before he could __13__ speak.Beside his bed I held his hand gently，__14__ of hurting him.“Daddy...I'm sorry...”“It's okay，sweetheart.I'll be okay.”“No，”I said，“I __15__ what I said to you that day.You know，that morning？”“Sweetheart，I don't __16__ anything about that day，not before，during or after the accident.I remember kissing you goodnight the night before，though.”He __17__ a weak smile.I felt regretful for my thoughtless remark，for I __18__ wanted him to leave me alone.My teacher once told me that __19__ have immeasurable power.They can hurt or they can heal.And we all have the __20__ to choose our words.I intend to do that v ery carefully from now on.1．A.Therefore B．InsteadC．Besides D．However2．A.attention B．sightC．effort D．energy3．A.Dad B．friendsC．teachers D．brothers4．A.start B．saveC．devote D．waste5．A.silent B．busyC．asleep D．awake6．A.unless B．in caseC．so that D．as if7．A.spirits B．conditionsC．state D．hopes8．A.left B．checkedC．entered D．knocked9．A.ride B．walkC．picnic D．game10．A.whispered B．warnedC．announced D．shouted11．A.moment B．morningC．afternoon D．evening12．A.convincing B．remindingC．informing D．phoning13．A.eventually B．generallyC．strictly D．broadly14．A.tired B．afraidC．aware D．sorry15．A.discuss B．thinkC．care D．mean16．A.hate B．forgetC．remember D．like17．A.got B．expressedC．exchanged D．managed18．A.often B．neverC．even D．once19．A.apologies B．promisesC．smiles D．words20．A.experience B．honorC．power D．desire三、阅读理解Few of us make money by losing sleep.But three graduate students at Brown University in Providence built a company around sleep deprivation(睡眠不足)．Jason Donahue，Ben Rubin and Eric Shashoua were working late nights inBrown's business and engineering schools—and began thinking about ways to sleep better.They discovered they weren't alone in burning the midnight oil.Around 20% of Americans get less than six hours of rest a night.The friends imagined a smart alarm clock that could track how much time we spend in the most restorative(促使康复的)stages of the sleep cycle：REM(快速眼动)and deep sleep.What would it cost to design such a thing？Five years of research,20 employees，$14 million in funding and a lot of doubting from investors and scientists.The company，Zeo，based in Newton，Mass.，launched its product in June.The Zeo device uses a headband with tiny sensors(传感器)that scan your brain for signs of four sleep states：REM，light，deep and waking sleep.The smart alarm clock displays a graph of your sleep pattern and wakes you as you're transitioning out of REM sleep(which is when you're least sleepy)．In the morning you can upload the data to the company's website，and so track your sleep over time.The cost，$399，includes six months' access to one of Zeo's online sleep coaches.Most of the feedback(反馈)comes in the form of Zeo's ZQ score showing how well you've slept.“Zeo allows people to unlock this black box of sleep，”sa ys Dave Dickinson，a healthcare CEO.Whether any of this actually improves sleep is up to the consumer，who will also need to make lifestyle changes like cutting out alcohol before bedtime or caffeine after 3 pm.For now the company is selling Zeo online only.Dickinson also plans to expand to countries such as Australia，where sleep deprivation approaches U．S.levels.1．Why did the three students imagine a smart alarm clock?A．To earn enough money for a scholarship.B．To wake them up on time in the morning.C．To record the length of their sleep time.D．To improve the quality of their sleep.2．Which is the correct order of how the Zeo device works? a．wake you when you're least sleepyb．scan your brain for sleep signsc．get the Zeo's ZQ scored．show a graph of your sleep patterne．upload the data to the company's websiteA．d，b，a，e，c B．b，a，d，c，eC．d，b，a，c，e D．b，d，a，e，c3．The Zeo's ZQ score is connected with ______.A．the quality of sleep B．the length of sleepC．the time of waking up D．the time of going to bed 4．From the passage we can learn that ______.A．Zeo will have a direct effect on users' lifestyles B．Zeo will have better results if users make proper changes C．Zeo is reported to be well received in AustraliaD．Zeo can now be bought either in stores or online参考答案与解析课时作业(四十一)Unit 21 A卷一、单项填空4．解析：句意：球迷们一直在争论世界杯上那些有争议的进球。
(课标全国)高考英语总复习 课时作业2 北师大版
【优化指导】（课标全国）高考英语总复习课时作业2 北师大版一、阅读理解A(2012皖中示范高中联考)If you’re concerned about gaining weight over the upcoming holiday season，consider eating more slowly and you might consume less，a study suggests.Diet experts have been promoting this advice for years，and now nutrition scientists at the University of Rhode Island have some new data to back it up.They had 30 normalweight，collegeage women come into a laboratory for lunch on two separate occasions.Each time the women were offered a huge plate of toma tovegetable sauce plus a glass of water.They were asked to eat until the point of comfortable fullness.On one occasion，they were instructed to eat as quickly as they could；on the other occasion，they ate slowly and put down their spoons between bites.Th ey didn’t know the food and water was weighed before and after the meal to determine the amount consumed.Findings：When eating quickly，the women consumed 646 calories in about nine minutes.When eating more slowly，they had an average of 579 calories in about 29 minutes.“They ate 67 calories more in nine minutes than they did in 29 minutes，”says lead researcher Kathleen Melans.“If you add that up over three meals a day，that’s a big difference in calories.”Upon completion of the meal and an hour afterward，the women were less satisfied and hungrier when eating quickly compared with when they ate slowly，she says.They said they enjoyed the meal more when they were taking their time.Not surprisingly，the women drank more water when they ate more slowly，and researchers are doing a followup study on whether that factor contributed to their feeling of fullness.One way to help control calorie intake during Thanksgiving is“to put down the fork between bites and take time to have a conversation”，she says.1．What’s t he difference between the two occasions on which these women had their lunch?A．They reached different points of fullness.B．They were provided with different amou nt of food.C．They ate their lunch at different speeds.D．They were offered different kinds of food.2．According to the passage，which of the following statements is TRUE?A．These women didn’t know the weight of the food until they finished the meal.B．The food and water wasn’t weighed until the end of the meal.C．The amount of food consumed had little to do with the eating speed.D．The more quickly they ate，the more calories they consumed.3．Why may eating slowly lead to eating less?A．When eating quickly people have a stronger feeling of fullness.B．When eating quickly people feel less hungry and satisfied.C．When eating slowly people have a slighter feeling of fullness.D．When eating slowly people feel more satisfied and less hungry.4．If you want to control your weight，which of the following ways is the recommended one?A．Eat less food and drink less water.B．Eat quickly and keep silent all through the meal.C．Eat slowly and even talk with others during the course of the meal.D．Only drink water and keep away from the food.BIt’s 2035.You have a job，a family and you’re about 40 years old！Welcome to your future life.Getting ready for work，you pause in front of the mirror.“Turn red，”you say.Your shirt changes from sky blue to deep red.Tiny preprogrammed electrons are rearranged in your shirt to change its color.Looking into the mirror，you find it hard to believe that you are 40.You look much younger.With amazing advances in medicine，people in your generation may live to be 150 years old.You’re not even middleaged.As you go into the kitchen and prepare to pour your breakfast cereal into a bowl，you hear：“To lose weight，you shouldn’t eat that，”from your shoes.They read the tiny electronic code on the cereal box to find out the nutrition details.You decide to listen to your shoes.“Kitchen，what can I have for breakfast？”A list of possible foods appear on the counter as kitchen checks its food supplies.“Ready for your trip to space.You ask your son and daughter.”In 2005 only specially trained astronauts went into space—and very few of them.Today anyone can go to space for day trip or longer vacation.Your best fr iend even works in space.Handing your children three strawberries each，you add，“The doctor said you need these for space travel.”Thanks to medical advances，vaccination shots are a thing of the past，ordinary foods contain specific vaccines.With the berries in their mouths，the kids head for the front door.It’s time for you to go to work.Your car checks your fingerprints and unlocks the doors.“My office.Autopilot，”you command.Your car drives itself down the road and moves smoothly into traffic on the highway.You sit back and unroll your enewspaper.The la test news downloads and fills the vie wer.Looking through the pages，you watch the news as video films rather than read it.5．What changes the color of your shirt?A．The mirror. B．The shirt itself.C．The counter. D．The medicine.6．How do the shoes know that you shouldn’t eat the breakfast cereal?A．By pouring the breakfast into a bowl.B．By listening to the doctor’s advice.C．By testing the food supplies in the kitchen.D．By checking the nutrition details of the food.7．How is the text organized?A．In order of time. B．In order of frequency.C．In order of preference. D．In order of importance.二、短文填空根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
【优化指导】(课标全国)高考英语总复习 课时作业20 北师大版
【优化指导】（课标全国）高考英语总复习课时作业20 北师大版一、阅读理解A(2012河南九校联考)It’s a goal for millions and millions of families every year—keep the Christmas spending within a certain amount，but can still afford the gifts that your loved ones will enjoy.Never has this concern been greater in recent years than right now.Even so，there are several things that you can do to help.Hit the sales.No one wants to get up at four o’clock in the morning and fight to get the best deal on Black Friday，and it’s surely very tough to pick u p the courage and get out there in the cold for a good deal，but sometimes—it can be well worth.Many retailers(零售商)offer specials all through the day—and some even offer online Black Friday specials，so you may still be able to get a great deal on Black Friday.Pay close attention to advertisements.Once the Christmas shopping season is coming，retailers hungry for business will do just about whatever to get you in the store.Pay very close attention to weekly advertisements of sales among the major retailers and you may be lucky enough to find different prices for the same thing in different shops.Shop online.Some of us don’t like running from store to store in order to get the best price on the perfect gift，and some of us don’t like to go out in the cold at all—thankfully for us，we can do online shopping.The world of online shopping lets people visit all the major retailers as well as some specialty stores that could only be found on the Internet.Customers can find exactly what they are looking for，at the best possible price without ever having to leave the house.With traditional Christmas shopping consumers are sometimes limited to what’s left in stock if they wait too long to get to a particular store.1．The first paragraph implies that______.A．nowadays not many people can afford expensive giftsB．recently many people don’t want to spend money on giftsC．Christmas is a time to make our loved ones enjoy their giftsD．Christmas is a time to make us feel free to buy our loved ones gifts 2．In the writer’s opi nion，it is rewarding on Black Friday______.A．if the weather is not very coldB．if we don’t have to fight for the best dealsC．if we don’t have to get up earlyD．if we get what we want at a good price3．We can have more choices______.A．on Black Friday B．in a particular storeC．on the Internet D．from retailersBIn the rush to get to school，you drop a piece of toast on the floor.Do you throw it away or decide it’s still OK to eat? If you’re like most people，you eat it.Maybe you follow the“5second rule”，which claims foods are safe to eat if you pick them up within 5 seconds from dropping them.But you might want to think again.Scientists now say that 5 seconds are all it takes for foods to become contaminated(被污染的)with enough bacteria to make you sick.Bacteria are singlecelled organisms that can cause many kinds of illnesses.Some kinds of bacteria can grow on food.If we eat foods on which these bacteria are growing，we can become mon symptoms include vomiting(呕吐)and diarrhea(腹泻)．One of these foodborne bacteria is Salmonella(沙门氏菌)．It makes 1.4 million people sick every year.Earlier this year,370 people became sick after eating peanut butter that had been contaminated with Salmonella at the manufacturing plant.Salmonella are often found in raw eggs and chicken.Cooking kills these bacteria，which is why it is so important to cook eggs，chicken，and other foods thoroughly.Being a good housekeeper is a second tip for preventing infection.If household surfaces aren’t washed thoroughly，they can support Salmonella for weeks.But how long does it take these bacteria to attach to food? To answer that question，a team of scientists at Clemson University in South Carolina decided to test the 5second rule，using sandwich ingredients.First，they placed a known amountof Salmonella cells on three surfaces：wood，tile，and carpet.They placed a slice of bread and a slice of bologna on each surface for 5,30，or 60 seconds.After just 5 seconds，both the bread and bologna picked up enough bacteria to make you sick.So，for get the 5second rule.If your toast lands on the floor，toss it out.4．What is“a 5second rule”？A．If you drop food on the ground，you can’t eat it unless you pick it up within five seconds.B．If you drop food on the ground，you can’t eat it unless you pick it up five seconds later.C．If you drop food on the ground，you can eat it even you pick it up five seconds later.D．If you drop food on the ground，you can eat it at any time after you pick it up.5．According to the text，which of the following statements about bacteria is NOT correct?A．They can cause many kinds of illnesses.B．They are singlecelled organisms.C．They can grow on the surface of food.D．They only can be found on food.6．How can people avoid the infection of Salmonella?A．Never eat peanut butter.B．Never eat chicken and eggs.C．Never eat food unless they’re cooked.D．Wash hands before dinner.7．Why did the scientists at Clemson University make the experiment?A．Because they wanted to see if Salmonella cells can grow on such kind of food.B．Because they wanted to see whether the 5second rule is correct or not.C．Because they wanted to find out the best food among the three.D．Because they wanted to see whether bacteria can make one sick or not.二、短文填空根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
2021高考英语一轮复习 课时作业12 Unit 12 Culture Shock 北师大版必修4
课时作业12 Unit 12 Culture Shock。
课时练（一）阅读理解·组块专练—-练速度(限时:35分钟）阅读理解（共两节,满分40分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项.A［2020·河南省五校联考]There are dozens of movie recommendation engines on the Web. They're all different, but some are definitely better than others.Rotten TomatoesInstead of telling Rotten Tomatoes which films you like, you can tell it what kind of films you enjoy, which actors you want to see, and other standards to help it find the best movie for you。
There's a lot of variability in the quality of Rotten T omatoes recommendations but it’s also a nice way to find the right film for any mood。
NetflixNetflix asks you to rate (划分等级) movies to determine which films you'll want to see next。
And although it does make it easy to rate movies and it does return huge lists， the ideas it gives you aren't all that strong. It’s easy to use, but it’s not the best way to get movie recommendations。
【优化指导】(课标全国)高考英语总复习 课时作业23 北师大版
【优化指导】〔课标全国〕高考英语总复习课时作业23 北师大版一、单项填空1．What the young man can’t ______ is that his mum always treats him like a baby.A．support B．undertakeC．hold D．bear2．I know it was the second time that Tom ______ the Great Wall of China with his family.A．visit B．has visitedC．had visited D．would visit3．She is very shy and she is not used to ______ in front of others.A．praise B．praisingC．being praised D．be praised4．Some students have trouble ______ grammar while others have difficulty ______ new words.A．in；remember B．for；to rememberC．on；remembering D．with；remembering5．No one is sure who the dictionary ______.A．belonging to B．belongs toC．is belonged to D．is belonging to6．He is very sensitive ______ his pupils’ need ______ encouragement an d knows when to praise them.A．to；for B．for；toC．to；about D．about；to7．(2012许昌月考)The battery I bought is the wrong size，and I wonder if the shop will ______ it.A．compare B．connectC．exchange D．convey8．Danis is ______ writing a new novel and has no eye for his wife and children.A．occupied to B．busied forC．absorbed in D．engaged with9. ______the financial crisis last year，many people couldn’t pay back the money they ______ the bank.A．Owe to；owing to B．Owing to；owing toC．Owing to；owed to D．Owed to；owed to10．Your face seems ______.I’ve probably met you somewhere.A．familiar B．knownC．similar D．alike11．Speaking of what sort of smartness is most desirable in human ______，a friend of mine told me a story.A．conduct B．experienceC．custom D．habit12．Don’t respond to any emails ______ personal information，no matter how official they look.A．searching B．askingC．requesting D．questioning13．Among the members of the committee those who favor the proposed changes are in the ______，so the scheme was passed.A．majority B．minorityC．maximum D．minimum14．We all appreciate the importance the government has ______ the environmental protection.A．attended to B．attached toC．responded to D．adapted to15．I’m sorry，but I didn’t mean to keep you waiting here for a long time.Can you ______ me?A．forgive B．satisfyC．apologize D．gain二、完形填空When I was 6 years old，my parents got me a used __1__ for Christmas.A year or so later，I badly wanted a StingRay，a trickedout bike that was __2__ in the 1960s.So my father took my old bike，slapped a new coat of paint on it，and __3__ it with a banana seat，monkey handlebars and a sissy bar(保护杠)．__4__didn’t matter to me that some friends had new StingRays straight from the Schwinn factory.Or even that my dad put the sissy bar on backward，__5__ exposed me to some teasing(嘲笑)before we __6__ it.I loved that bike.So it was for my __7__.We weren’t poor.But we always had modest Christmases.And I __8__ to do the same when I got married 27 years ago.My wife，Clarissa，had different __9__.She，too，had some __10__ Christmases growing up.She vividly remembers when she was 14 or 15 years old and her father lost his__11__ in the construction industry.She overheard her __12__ talking about how __13__ they were.So when her parents asked her what she wanted that year，she said，“Nothing.〞When her mother insisted she had to get__14__，Clarissa asked for socks.“I felt very good about myself afterward，〞she recalls.But as her family’s finances __15__，Christmas went back to being a __16__ bigger production.By the time I arrived on the scene，the __17__ family—more than 20 people—would gather at her grandmother’s house in Mexicali，Mexico，on Christmas Eve.Around 10 p．m.，Santa(my future brotherinlaw in a costume)showed up with an enormous bag of __18__and stepped into a roomful of children crying with __19__.“It was all about the children，〞says Clarissa，who thought the experience was __20__.And she has spent hundreds of dollars on presents every year to duplicate(重温)it.1．A.car B．bikeC．book D．coat2．A.popular B．ordinaryC．common D．regular3．A.added B．equippedC．placed D．supplied4．A.That B．ThisC．It D．What5．A.so B．thusC．which D．it6．A.bought B．placed C．fixed D．changed7．A.childhood B．life C．children D．youth8．A.imagined B．expected C．suggested D．supposed 9．A.ideas B．life C．childhood D．Christmas 10．A.unforgettable B．modest C．happy D．wonderful 11．A.life B．jobC．interest D．present 12．A.friends B．mother C．father D．parents13．A.broke B．rich C．wealthy D．we lloff 14．A.nothing B．something C．everything D．anything 15．A.improved B．caught C．reduced D．decreased 16．A.very B．moreC．less D．much17．A.all B．bigC．small D．entire18．A.bikes B．food C．presents D．books19．A.surprise B．joyC．fear D．satisfaction20．A.wasteful B．valuelessC．priceless D．useful三、阅读理解Scott Langteau has this message for kids：Spend less time playing video games.It’s a message that many a mom and dad have tried to impress upon many a youngster(and some notsoyoungsters)who spend p erhaps a bit too much time with game controllers in hand.But the 40yearold Langteau isn’t a parent.He’s a veteran(老手)of the video game industry—one who played producer on three“Medal of Honor〞games and cofounded his own game development company.Langte au has just published a children’s book called“Sofa Boy〞，which tells the story of a kid who spends too much time sitting on the couch with controller held in hand and the rather terrible consequences that follow.It’s a fairy tale picked straight from Langteau’s own experiences as a kid with a fondness for video games and his own bouts with a bit of game addiction.But first，Langteau would like to make one thing clear：“I’m not saying that you shouldn’t play video games.I think video games are great.I think t hey do great things for kids.〞Instead，Langteau says his book is all about a little something called“moderation(抑制)〞．“It’s about being well rounded，〞he says.“Just like with anything else，we all need to make sure that there’s a variety in what we do.〞Video gamers can be rather badtempered when it comes to accepting criticism about their favorite entertainment.And understandably so.After all，most people who go around talking about the dangers of playing video games tend to be outsiders—people who don’t play video games and certainly don’t understand that they can be a valuable and healthy form of entertainment.But Langteau and“Soft Boy〞seem to be in a unique position to deliver a message of gaming moderation that the young game masses might actually listen to.After all，this is a man who understands what it means to be a kid with a passion for games.His early experience has taught him a lesson.1．Which of the following is TRUE of the book“Sofa Boy〞？A．The boy in the book is not an addict on games.B．The book describes a veteran on games.C．The boy in the book wins a medal for games.D．The book tells of the writer’s own story.2．We learn from the passage that ______.A．Langteau advises the young not to play gamesB．playing video games is of no benefit to kidsC．playing video games ruins the future of kidsD．Langteau advises the young play games within limits3．By saying“It’s about being well rounded〞，Langteau thinks ______. A．games should be viewed from all sidesB．games do great things for kidsC．gamers are usually fat and roundD．gamers are to blame for their behaviors4．What topic will be discussed in the following paragraph?A．His idea to create“Sofa Boy〞．B．His enthusiasm for games when he was a small boy.C．His great achievement in games as a kid.D．His hard times to set up his game company.参考答案与解析课时作业(二十三)Unit 12 A卷一、单项填空1．解析：考查动词词义辨析。
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2. In the authors opinion, those Hollywood stars ____________ . A. possess happiness because they are rich and famous B. experienee almost all kinds of happy things
1 ? According to the passage , "fun activitiesv mentioned in the 2nd paragraph
A. are the things we do before we find happiness B. may help us relax and forget our problems sometimes C. will lead us to the true happiness D. could provide longasting positive effects
amusement park or ball game, watching a movie or television, are fun activities that help us
relax, temporarily forget our problems and maybe eve n laugh ? But they do not bring happ in
C. tel 1 us happiness isn，t equal to fun using their own stories
D. have to suffer a lot before they become successful 3. It is difficult for people to find real happiness because ________________ ? A. they believe happiness is the fun life without pain B. they find pain equals unhappiness C. they fear to lose what they al ready have in 1i fe D. they are afraid al 1 t.heir efforts were in vain 4. The main purpose of the text is to __________ . A. describe the differenee between happiness and fun B. show the true meaning of happiness C. encourage people to pursue fun activities D. advise people to find their real life
The way people hold on to the belief that a fun-filled, pain-free life equates happiness actually decreases their chances of ever attaining real happ in ess. If fun and pleasure are equated with happiness , then pain must be equated with unhappiness. But, in fact, the opposite
in ess has noth ing to do wi th fun .These rich, beauti ful in di vidual s have constant access to exciting parties, fancy cars, expensive homes, and everything that spells uhappiness v ? But in
【优化指导】（课标全国）高考英语总复习课时作业
12 北师大版
课时作业（十二）
Unit 6 B 卷
一、阅读理解
A
I live in Hollywood ? You may think people in such an attractive, fun -filled place are
happier than others. Tf so, you have some mistaken ideas about the nature of happiness. Many intelligent people still equate （使相等） happiness with fun. The truth is that fun and
memoir（冋忆录）after memoir, celebrities reveal the unhappiness hidden beneath all their fun：
depression, alcoholism, drug addiction, broken marriages, troubled childrcn, long-time Ioneliness.
happiness have little or nothing in common. Fun is what we experience dur ing an act. Happ in
ess is what we experience after an act? It is a deeper, more long-lasting emotion. Goingtive effects end when the fun ends. T have often thought that if Hol lywood stars have a role to play, it is to teach us t hat happ
is true： More often than not, things that lead to happiness involve some pain.
As a result, many people avoid the very endeavors or efforts that are the source of true happiness. They fear the pain inevitably brought by such things as marriage, raising children, professional achievement, religious commitment, charitable work, and sei f- improvement.