5.Translation
translation用法
translation用法
在英语中，“translation”是一个名词，表示“翻译”或“译文”。
它可以用作主语、宾语或其他句子成分。
例如：
The translation of the book was very accurate.（这本书的译文非常准确。
）
The original text was translated into several languages.（原文被翻译成了几种语言。
）
I need someone who can translate English to Chinese.（我需要一个能够把英语翻译成中文的人。
）
除了作为名词，“translation”也可以用作动词，表示“翻译”或“转化”的行为。
例如：
The text was translated into French.（这段文字被翻译成了法语。
）
The scientist translated the formula into English.（科学家把这个公式翻译成了英文。
）
The translator translated the speech from English to Spanish.（翻译员将这篇演讲从英文翻译成西班牙文。
）。
U校园新视野大学英语1读写教程答案(Unit 5 )
U校园新视野大学英语1读写教程答案Unit 5 Winning is not everythingSection A5-2 Text A: Cliff Young, an unlikely heroPre-reading activitiesPre-reading activities-11) playing baseball2) swimming3) running on a treadmill4) playing tennis5) cycling1) Yes. Generally speaking, these sports are popular among college students, though they are not as popular as basketball and soccer.Not all of these sports are popular among college students. As far as I know, swimming and tennis are more popular among college students than the other three sports.Pre-reading activities-21) I like jogging and playing tennis. When I jog, I listen to music or English. So I don't feel bored and I can learn something while exercising. I also like playing tennis because it is a very exciting sport and it is fun playing with friends.2) I don't do sports every day, but I try to exercise regularly. On weekdays, I'm too busy with my classes and homework, so I can only do sports occasionally. But on weekends I always manage to spend as much time as I can playing table tennis, going hiking, or doing yoga.I spend about half an hour doing exercise every morning. Usually, I run on the sports field on campus. But if it rains, I do push-ups (俯卧撑) and sit-ups (仰卧起坐) in my dorm. If I have time, I play soccer or basketball in the afternoon with my classmates.3) Yes, I think so. Playing sports offers many obvious benefits. Playing sports is good to our health and good health is important for success at college. It also helps cultivate cooperation and teamwork. Besides, playing sports is very good for the development of our social skills, for sports teach us how to communicate and cooperate with people.Reading comprehensionReading comprehension-11) Because the Sydney-to-Melbourne race is 875 kilometers long and it is a harsh test of endurance for the world's top athletes.2) Cliff Young was a toothless 61-year-old farmer; he waswearing rubber boots, and was much older than the other runners.3) Other athletes neither believed it nor treated Cliff Young with respect.4) Because Cliff Young didn't run properly. He had the strangest running style and appeared to shuffle.5) When people found that Cliff Young ran through the entire night without sleeping and when it seemed to them that he intended to keep running until he reached the finish line or fell ill or was injured.6) When he was running, Cliff Young imagined he was gathering his sheep and trying to outrun a storm.7) Cliff Young gave all the prize money to five other runners. He didn't keep a single cent for himself.8) Cliff Young is a brilliant example showing that ordinary people also have the inherent quality to achieve great results. Reading comprehension-21) I think teamwork, fair play and honesty, and excellence in performance best characterize the spirit of sports. Teamwork: Individuals can be strong on their own, but they can be much stronger in a team. You can't win alone in a team game.Fair play and honesty: Respect the rules of the game. Be honest. Never cheat even though you know you won't get caught. Excellence in performance: Always try your best. Show your efforts and best performance.2) By playing sports, people can cultivate honesty, determination, and mutual respect.Honesty: You will learn that having the sense of fair play and observing moral principles are essential in playing sports. Determination: Be ready to face difficulties or frustrations and never give up. Ultimately, this could be the deciding factor when it comes to winning or losing.Mutual respect: It is compulsory to play by the rules. You will learn to respect your opponents, fellow players, referees, and fans.3) No, winning isn't the most important thing in sports. Winning is good, but there is much more about playing sports than winning. Playing sports brings about many benefits, the most important of which is to cultivate the spirit of sports. The spirit of sports is best reflected in the Olympic Creed, which reads: "The most important thing in the Olympic Games is not to win but to take part, just as the most important thing in life is not the triumph but the struggle. The essential thing is not to haveconquered but to have fought well."4) I think it means that a true champion has great confidence and determination that we should not take lightly. A true champion knows one must push his limits of endurance or strength or skill to achieve victory. A true champion never gives up.5) The story of Cliff Young is extraordinary and inspirational, from which I have learned a great deal. I have learned that we should pursue our dreams regardless of what other people have to say. An ordinary person can become a hero, and wonderful things do happen when we are determined and committed. Most important of all, we should believe in ourselves!5-3 Text A: Language focusWords in use1. annual2. contract3. distinction4. substantial5. furnished6. amateur7. assemble8. react9. apparent10. magnificentWord building: Practice Word building: Practice-11) bore2) fascinate3) amusing4) explosion5) assumption6) evolution7) compensation8) contribute9) elementary10) revolutionaryWord building: Practice-21. assumption2. fascinated3. explosion4. elementary5. compensation6. evolution7. amusing8. bore9. contribute10. revolutionary Banked cloze1) amateur2) endurance3) individual4) independent5) present6) despite7) developed8) contests9) remarkable10) coined Expressions in use1) passed away2) left behind3) give away4) had no intention of5) Up to6) regardless of7) might as well,might just as well8) fall ill9) in attendance10) to this day5-4 Structure analysis & writingStructure analysis: Practice1) By the fifth night, he had overtaken them all. By the sixth day, he led the whole pack of runners by a wide lead. He led all the way to the finish line, smashing the record by finishing the 875-kilometer race in 5 days, 15 hours and 4 minutes 9 hours faster than anyone before! In that instant, Cliff Young became a beloved national hero.Structured writing: Practice参考：In 1564, William Shakespeare, the great poet and playwright (剧作家), was born in England. As a boy, he attended a local grammar school in his hometown. At the age of 18 he married Anne Hathaway, and they had three children. Between 1585 and 1592, he developed a successful career in London. By 1592 several of his plays were on the London stage and he had become well-known by acting and writing plays. He appeared to have retired from the theater and returned to his hometown around 1613. In 1616, at the age of 52, he passedaway.5-5 TranslationTranslationTranslation-1参考：有关古代奥林匹克运动会的最早文字记载可追溯至公元前776年。
新视野大学英语第三版第三册读写教程Book 3-Unit 5-Translation
• China is the hometown of tea and the birthplace of tea culture. since ancient times, tea has been known as the national drink of China. In both the Chinese scholars’ seven daily necessities, namely music, chess, calligraphy, painting, poetry, wine and tea and common people’s seven ones, namely firewood, rice, oil, salt, soy sauce, vinegar and tea, tea is listed as one of the necessities. Meanwhile, China is a country with ancient civilization and a land of courtesy. The practice of making and serving tea is essential whenever there are guests or friends. With the development of cultural exchange, commerce and trade between China and other countries, Chinese tea and tea culture spread to the world. Today, a number of countries across the five continents grow tea plants, and many countries import tea from China. Chinese tea, like Chinese silk and chinaware, has become synonymous with China in the world.
U校园新视野大学英语1读写教程答案(Unit7 Hoping for the better)
U校园新视野大学英语1读写教程答案Unit 7 Hoping for the betterSection A7-2 Text A: When honesty disappearsPre-reading activities1) B. I don't feel like being too direct or too frank. I might say the color is good or the style is nice. But I wouldn't say the jacket is awful because I don't want to hurt my friend. However, if it is a close friend of mine, I may tell him / her directly the new jacket is awful and why I think so.2) B. When I don't want to go to my friend's party for some reason, I would definitely decline the invitation, but with a reasonable excuse. After all, the friend is being nice to invite me and I don't want to appear rude. So, I would make an excuse, for example, I would say that I have another appointment.3) A. If I haven't finished an assignment in time, I would tell the professor the truth and explain the reasons. I would then ask for a few more days to finish it. I think the professor would agree because of my honesty. But I will try to submit my assignments in time in the future.4) 4. A. Actually, this happened to me once. I told the cashier that one item had not been charged. I wouldn't feelcomfortable to keep such a windfall.Reading comprehensionReading comprehension-11) He was asked to leave the university permanently.2) The possible reason is the increasing pressure that comes from the importance of having a university degree.3) The Internet makes it very easy and simple for a student to fake a term paper because of the easy access to illegal resources online.4) The Internet was once hailed as the ultimate learning tool.5) They use anti-plagiarism software and have very strict policies regarding cheating and plagiarism.6) Test monitors asked students to show their photo ID card.7) The historical story about Abraham Lincoln emphasizes the absolute value of honesty.8) The author's purpose in writing this essay is to call on people to act honestly and trust each other because the future of our society depends on mutual trust.Reading comprehension-21) People tell lies for various reasons. Some people lie to get something they want or get out of trouble. For instance, children may fake a stomachache in order to skip school, or lieabout their poor grades for fear of being punished. Some people tell lies because they don't want to upset others. Seldom do we say to our friends that their hairstyle looks awful or we don't like their gifts. But the worst reason for people to lie is that some people get into the habit of lying.2) Yes, I consider myself an honest person. Being honest is to be straightforward and tell the truth. I'm up to these standards. I don't tell lies and I'm sincere to other people. I never say things to people if I don't mean it; I never make up things that are not true; I never lie to people in order to get myself out of trouble.3) Yes, I think signing an Honesty Declaration will effectively prevent cheating in exams. The declaration is a reminder to students that they have promised to do the right thing, and they should keep their promise as an honest person.No, I don't think so. I doubt the effectiveness of signing an Honesty Declaration, and I don't think it will help promote honest behavior during exams. If students are honest, they will be honest even without signing the declaration. If they are not honest, they will cheat anyway.4) Yes, I think people who tell white lies are still honest. White lies are harmless and well-meant. We tell white lies not to cheat others or benefit ourselves; instead, we want to make othersfeel better. It's better to tell a white lie than hurt others' feelings.No, I don't consider those who tell white lies to be honest. A lie is a lie. Well-meaning or not, if you tell white lies, you are not telling the truth. Being honest benefits everybody, while lying destroys trust among people. I'd rather hear a bad truth than a white lie.5) Yes, I approve of doctors' not telling the truth to patients. Some patients are not strong-willed enough. The truth may make them collapse and lose hope, which is bad for their recovery.No, I don't approve of that. Patients, if they are sane, have every right to know their own conditions and take part in making decisions. If the doctor hides the truth, it takes away the patient's right to know the truth, and there is a risk that decisions are probably made against the patient's will. In this sense, the patient is not being respected.7-3 Text A: Language focusWords in use1. reveal2. implying3. accurate4. exaggerated5. eliminate6. facilitate7. frustrated8. appropriate9. conscious10. launchWord building: Practice Word building: Practice-11) continual2) emotion3) industrial4) partial5) correspondence6) innocent7) presence8) occurrence9) intelligence10) worthy11) unity12) inquireWord building: Practice-21. correspondence2. continual3. partial4. emotion5. occurrences6. innocent7. worthy8. industrial9. presence10. inquire11. unity12. intelligence Banked cloze1) admitted2) career3) expelled4) pressure5) satisfactory6) available7) browse8) prevent9) extensive10) confrontExpressions in use1. not to mention2. turn in3. rip off4. cope with5. launched a campaign6. If this is the case,If that is the case7. be confined to8. descend into7-4 Structure analysis & writingStructure analysis: Practice1) A2) B3) B4) CStructured writing: Practice参考：My dorm is nice to live in. For example, it has a very convenient location. It is close to everything on campus. It only takes 5 minutes to walk to my classes, 8 minutes to the library, 15 minutes to the swimming pool, and only 2 minutes to the cafeteria. What's more, there are great facilities in the building.There is a laundry room, a gym, a TV room, and even an ATM machine. Most importantly, I like my roommates. We get along very well, and we have a lot of fun together. In one word, I love my dorm.7-5 TranslationTranslationTranslation-1参考：在所有美国人的信念中，最基本、最强烈的信念可能就是崇尚个人自由。
大学英语课程教学大纲
大学英语(一)课程教学大纲(总18页)-本页仅作为预览文档封面，使用时请删除本页-大学英语(一)课程教学大纲一．说明（一）编写依据：根据国家教委全国大学英语教学大纲以及我院2001-2002年修订的教学计划,结合体育社会科学系体育管理学本科专业、体育经济学本科专业及人体科学系保健康复专业本科学生实际情况而制定本大纲。
（二）目的任务：本大纲的教学对象是体育社会科学系体育管理学本科专业、体育经济学本科专业及人体科学系保健康复专业本科学生。
对他们的入学要求为：1、语音方面：能熟练地运用拼读规则和音标读生词；能比较流利地朗读没有生词、难度相当于高三英语课文的材料，口齿清楚，语音、语调大体正确。
2、语法方面：能识别词类；区分名词的可数性和不可数性、可数名词的单、复数形式；基本掌握各种代词的形式与用法、基数词和序数词、常用介词和连词、形容词和副词的句法功能、比较级和最高级的构成及基本句型、冠词的一般用法；了解动词的主要种类、时态、语态及不定式和分词的基本用法、句子种类、基本句型和基本构词法。
3、认知词汇不少于1，800个；掌握1，200个左右的常用词和一定数量的习惯用语及固定搭配，并能在口笔语中运用；认识740个左右的单词和一定数量的习惯用语及固定搭配，能根据上下文的提示理解其含义。
本大纲的教学目的,是培养学生具有较强的阅读能力,一定的听、说、写、译的能力,使学生能以英语为工具,获取专业所需的信息,并为进一步提高英语水平，为高年级开设的英语专业课打下较好的基础（三）课程类别：公共事业管理、经济学、新闻学、运动人体科学、教育技术学、应用心理学等专业学生公共必修课。
（五）学时数与学分：264学时，15学分。
二．教学安排与学时分配第二学期教学安排与学时分配第一册具体要求1.第一册的主要任务是阅读技巧、听说训练和段落写作。
写作的题目往往是已学的课文内容相关。
2.词汇:掌握580-630个词汇(其中18%可通过泛读和其他学习项目掌握)以及常用词组。
英汉翻译课件(第五章)
• (3)When some nouns derived from verbs by adding such suffixes as –er or-or do not really indicate identity or some certain profession but imply much more than the meaning of a verb ， we are supposed to transform such nouns into verbs to make our translation be in better keeping with the expression habits of the Chinese Language. • (英语中有些加后缀 -er/-or的名词，有时并不表示职 业和身份，而是含有较强的动作意味，在汉语中没有 恰当的对应名词，往往可以译成汉语的动词), e.g. • teacher, forgiver, briefer( 摘 要 ； 案 件 陈 述 ), advocator.
• 4) prepositions like across, past, against, toward are often transformed into Chinese verbs • (译成汉语时可以与汉语动词转换)，e.g. • ①They will surely rise against their oppressors. • 他们一定会起来反抗压迫他们的人。 • ②To do this was quite beyond my power. • 办这件事完全超过了我的权力。 • ③“Coming!” Away she skimmed over the lawn, up the path, up the steps, across the veranda, and into the porch. • “来啦！ ”她转身蹦着跳着的跑了，越过草地，跑上小径， 跨上台阶，穿过凉台，进了门廊。
U校园新视野大学英语4读写教程答案(Unit 5 Why culture counts)
U校园新视野大学英语4读写教程答案Unit 5 Why culture countsSection A5-2 Text A: Speaking Chinese in AmericaPre-reading activitiesPre-reading activities-11. I like your … (e.g. "I like your hat.") / I love your … (e.g. "I love your shoes.")2. When we like the way they look.3. Thank you.4. Japanese culture. When you compliment people on their belongings, they feel they have to give them to you. But in American culture, the appropriate response is to say "thank you".Pre-reading activities-21) Examples can be:(a) n. + 很 + a. (e.g. 你的裙子很漂亮。
)(b) 我很喜欢 + n. (e.g. 我很喜欢你书房的摆设。
)2) Yes, the traditional way Chinese people respond toa compliment is different from the American way. Rather than saying "thank you", we Chinese tend to say something to show that we or the object we own is not that good. For example, we may say "哪里" (meaning "it is nothing"). But in modern days, many people have adopted the English way of responding to a compliment. They say "thank you" very often too.Reading comprehensionReading comprehension-11) Because she thought her Sau-sau just pretended to be polite. (Her Sau-sau ate up the dish in the end although she said she didn't want it at first.)2) They should say directly whether they want to have anything or not, rather than refuse for the sake of politeness even if they in fact want to eat it.3) It said that Chinese language and culture are very indirect and polite.4) They thought that she was not respectful if she questioned them.5) Her parents were very clear when they demanded her to do something, but Americans generally think the Chinese language is discreet.6) To support her opinion that to understand the difference between languages and behavior just through literal translation may lead to wrong generalizations. (OR: To support her opinion that it is dangerous to view the gulf between different languages and behavior through translation.)7) She feels that it is annoying because such a description does not express new ideas, honest emotions or considered thought.8) They answer "yes" or "no" by saying something specific to what is asked because there is no one word in Chinese for "yes" or "no".(OR: They express "yes" or "no" by referring directly to the proposition being asserted or denied.) Reading comprehension-21) I think there are three things we can do to avoid misunderstandings of foreign cultures. Firstly, we can look for information about those cultures on the Internet. There are many websites that introduce foreign countries' geography, languages and customs, so we can do some research online to get the necessary information. Secondly, we can visit foreign countries, which will enable us to experience their cultures in person and understand them better. Thirdly, we can make friends with foreigners who are traveling or are living in our country. Communicating with them in daily life will help us know their customs, and hence we are less likely to misunderstand people from their countries.2) Yes, I know some stereotypes of Europeans and European languages. Here are a few examples: French people are romantic, and the French language is beautiful; Italians are fashionable, and Italy has the best cuisine in the world. I have watched many moviesin which French people are indeed romantic, although I have never met any French in person. A common scene in the movies is that a French man gives flowers to his girlfriend or wife, or two persons meet by chance and fall in love quickly.No, I have never read about or heard of any stereotype of a foreign country, its people, or its language. I think people in different countries or cultures of the world have more similarities than differences. For instance, we all consider such values as honesty, diligence and patriotism important qualities of being a good man or a good citizen, no matter which country we live in or what language we speak. Hence, I think there are no essential differences between peoples or cultures, and I don't have any stereotype of any foreign country, its people, or its language.3) Chinese people generally use expressions like "possibly no" or "I'm afraid it won't work" to say "no" to others. This makes them less direct in giving rejections. However, when people with greater authority or power say "no" to those in a lower status(e.g. parents to children), they can be very direct and straightforward, e.g. "absolutely no".4) I will try to adapt my habits to local norms. For example, I will follow their rules of dining, body language and gift giving.I would prefer to maintain Chinese traditions. Modern people value cultural diversity, so, I think people of the foreign country I live in will respect my choice.5) I would like to learn Italian. This is because I love Italian culture, especially the arts of the Italian Renaissance period. If I could speak the Italian language, it would be easier for me to travel to Italy, visit its museums and appreciate famous art works. In addition, I'm very interested in Italian opera. Whenever I watch it on TV or hear it on the radio, I admire the beauty of the music and the language, but I don't understand the meaning of the lyrics. I always wish I could know what the singers express in their songs without having to rely on translations or subtitles. Learning Italian will certainly get me closer to this goal.5-3 Text A: Language focus Words in use1. fabricate2. nominal3. temporal4. reciprocal5. denotes6. consecutive7. spectators8. muttering9. composite10. maliciousWord building: Practice Word building: Practice-1 1) assertive2) decisive3) digestive4) imaginative5) consultative6) qualitative7) authoritative8) conserve9) quantitative10) unbutton11) unsettle12) unveilWord building: Practice-21. conserve2. unbuttoning3. authoritative4. consultative5. imaginative6. quantitative7. unveil8. assertive9. unsettled10. decisive11. digestive12. qualitative Banked cloze1) exterior2) insights3) complete4) course5) inconsistencies6) offended7) gestures8) ornaments9) sense10) distinctiveExpressions in use1. got to the point2. are attached to3. would have starved to death4. If anything5. were suspicious of6. wandered around7. on the side8. was representative of5-4 Structure analysis & writingStructured writing: Practice参考：I had never been more anxious in my life. This was the first time I traveled all by myself. I did not speak English well and had difficulty understanding people. Now, standing at the international section of the airport, I was nervous and scared, not knowing what I would have to face. As it turned out, I had the most frustrating experience of my life.I looked around, and nothing was familiar. A pile of questions pounded in my head. Where was the ticket counter? Where was customs? How could I find the boarding gate? The more I thought, the more worried I got.I tried to ask for help, but all my words came out wrong.I saw a woman sitting in the corner, so I went up to her timidly."Excuse, lady. Where ticket counter?" I asked in broken English, pronouncing "ticket counter" as something like "tin can"."Tin can? What do you need it for?" the woman asked back, with a confused face."Ticket, paper, flight," I yelled and waved my hands in a flying manner.She looked at me, even more confused. "Tin, flying?" At that moment, someone across the hall waved at her. She stood up in hurry and said, "Sorry, I can't help you. I have to go."I felt awful. I had been in this country for months, and I couldn't even ask for directions.After I finally checked in at the ticket counter, another problem came up: I could not find customs. My flight would take off in 40 minutes. I dragged my enormous suitcase behind me and came to an elevator.I had no idea which floor to go to. I got on the elevator and pressed button 3 randomly. The elevator slowly climbed up to the third floor and jerked to a stop. I came out and found myself in an empty lobby.Tears formed in my eyes as I thought I would miss my flight. Just then an old airport employee shuffled around the corner. Seeing that I seemed lost, he smiled kindly and asked, "Do you need help?""Yes. I customs," I said. Tears rushed down my cheeks. "Don't worry, honey. I will take you there," he comforted me. He took my suitcase and led me up some stairs. After arriving at customs, he led me past all the lines of people and pushed my luggage to the inspection counter.When I turned around to thank him, he was gone. I never know the wonderful man's name, but I will always remember his generous help. I hope that one day I can do the same for a traveler who suffers from similar frustrations.5-5 TranslationTranslationTranslation-1参考：文艺复兴是一场影响巨大的文化运动。
湖北专升本(英语)模拟试卷22(题后含答案及解析)
湖北专升本（英语）模拟试卷22(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. V ocabulary and Structure 2. Reading Comprehension 3. Cloze 5. Translation 6. WritingV ocabulary and Structure1．It was soon after the economic crisis______sales of e-business started to grow.A．whyB．howC．whereD．that正确答案：D解析：分析句子结构可知，去掉It was和空处，句子结构依然完整，故可判断该句为强调句型。
强调句型的基本结构是“It is／was+被强调部分+that／who+其他”。
本句强调的是时间状语soon after the economic crisis，所以连接词应用that。
故选D。
2．By law, personal______ of guns is illegal in China.A．wealthB．possessionC．needD．matter正确答案：B解析：wealth：财富；possession：持有，拥有；need：需要；matter：物质。
根据句意可知，选B。
3．There are about 5 million businesses in the UK, 99% of______are small businesses.A．whichB．thatC．itD．what正确答案：A解析：分析句子结构可知，逗号之后为非限制性定语从句，且空处指代先行词5 million businesses，所以应用which来引导。
B项不能引导非限制性定语从句；选项C不能引导从句；选项D不能引导定语从句。
故选A。
4．______by all the team members, they finally got the big project for theircompany.A．To be supportedB．SupportingC．Having supportedD．Supported正确答案：D解析：分析句子结构可知，逗号前后两部分之间没有连词，且逗号后是一个完整的句子，因此空处应用非谓语动词形式。
IEC60255-5 translation中文版
IEC60255-5 译本Second editionTranslated by: Jiangping Chen电气继电器第五部分：测量继电器和保护设备的绝缘配合要求和测试Electrical relays—Part 5: Insulation coordination for measuring relays and protection equipment Requirement and tests电气继电器第五部分：测量继电器和保护设备的绝缘配合要求和测试IEC60255-51 范围和目的本标准适用于测量继电器和保护设备的绝缘配合一般要求。
注：本标准中除非特别说明，“测量继电器和保护设备”缩写为“继电器“。
本标准中，特别作说明的有以下几点：---术语的定义；---对于电气继电器的电气间隙、爬（漏）电距离与绝缘有关的其他方面的严酷等级的选择提供导则；---规定电压试验（包括冲击耐压试验）和绝缘电阻试验的要求。
本标准适用于额定电压交流至1000v，额定频率至65Hz或直流至1500v设备，其安装或使用于海拔高度至2000m。
本标准也适用于诸如分流器、串联电阻器、互感器等有关的辅助装置，这些装置与上述电气继电器一起使用并一起进行试验，若这些装置在相关的国际电工委员会出版物另有规定的除外。
注：对于海拔高度超过2000m装置的电气间隙参照表B.1。
2 引用标准下列标准所包含的条文，通过在本标准中引用而构成本标准的条文。
对于注日期的引用文件，其随后所有的修改单(不包括勘误的内容)或修订版均不适用于本标准，然而，鼓励根据本标准达成协议的各方研究是否可使用这些文件的最新版本。
凡是不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本适用于本标准。
国际标准化组织和国际电工委员会成员负责登记目前采用的国际标准有效性。
IEC 60050(151):1978, International Electro-technical Vocabulary (IEV) – Chapter 151: Electrical and magnetic devices IEC 60050(448):1995, International Electro-technical Vocabulary – Chapter 448: Power system protectionIEC 60060-1:1989, High-voltage test techniques – Part 1: General definitions and test requirementsIEC 60085:1984, Thermal evaluation and classification of electrical insulationIEC 60112:1979, Method for determining the comparative and the proof tracking indices of solid insulating materials under moist conditionsIEC 60255 (all parts), Electrical relaysIEC 60255-21-1:1988, Electrical relays – Part 21: Vibration, shock, bump and seismic tests on measuring relays and protection equipment – Section 1: Vibration tests (sinusoidal)IEC 60255-21-2:1988, Electrical relays – Part 21: Vibration, shock, bump and seismic tests on measuring relays and protection equipment – Section 2: Shock and bump testsIEC 60255-21-3:1993, Electrical relays – Part 21: Vibration, shock, bump and seismic tests on measuring relays and protection equipment – Section 3: Seismic testsIEC 60664-1:1992, Insulation coordination for equipment within low-voltage systems – Part 1:Principles, requirements and testsIEC 61000-4-5:1995, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 4: Testing and measurement techniques – Section 5: Surge immunity testIEC 61180-1:1992, High-voltage test techniques for low-voltage equipment – Part 1: Definitions and test procedure requirementsIEC 61180-2:1994, High-voltage test techniques for low-voltage equipment – Part 2: Test equipment3 定义本标准采用下列术语和定义，对于未规定的定义和术语应引用IEC 60050(448)、IEC 60664-1和IEC60255相关部分。
U校园 新视野大学英语(第三版) 读写1 Unti 4答案
Unit 4 Heroes of our time4-2 Text A: Heroes among usPre-reading activities 1l. 502.construction worker3.fell4. jumped onto5. pressedPre-reading activities 1l. Yes, I think Wesley Austrey is a real hero because he showed unusual courage in times of danger. Few people, would jump onto the tracks to save a stranger from a racing train.No, I don't think Wesley Austrey is a hero. He was behaving irresponsibly. He should have realized that he had two little children to take care of. What would his kids do if he died?!2.I am most impressed by Wesley talking about his own fear and what he said to the stranger. From the report we can tell that Wesley loved his children and that he was fully aware of the danger he was facing. This further shows how caring and how courageous he was. I am most impressed when Wesley said, "I don't feel like I did something extraordinary; I just saw someone who needed help". This shows that Wesley is a warm-hearted and courageous person. When it is time for him to offer help, he just extends his hand. This is why when a stranger slipped off the platform, Wesley immediately jumped onto the tracks to save him, regardless of the extreme danger involved.3. I doubt if l would be courageous enough to jump onto thetracks to save the man. I would probably shout at the man,telling him to stay between the rails, lower his body, andkeep his head down. And then I would ask the subway staff for help.Reading comprehension1.Today both victims and survivors of all kinds of difficulties and tragedies are described as heroes.2. Because during a mass shooting in Tucson, Daniel Hermandez courageously ran through the danger to save one of the victims.3. The priest meant that Dory was a hero not just because hegave his life for his wife, but also because he had been known for his remarkable spirit and love of humanity when he was alive.4. First responders are people, such as police officers andfirefighters, whose job is to rush toward danger. They aresupposed to be the first to arrive at the scene ofaccidentsand deal with emergencies.5. In the past, heroes were those who acted courageously beyond the call of duty or great leaders, while today's heroes can be average men and women.6. Eleanor McMahon considered many police officers to be heroes because they rush toward danger to help those in need, against the human instinct to rush toward safety andaway from danger.7. The inspiring stories of heroes help remind us that ordinary people can do extraordinary things, whether it is to fulfill their duties, or as part of everyday life.8. We honor heroes by recognizing their heroism and, more importantly, by working to change the circumstances that ledto their death.4-3 Text A: Language focus:Text A: Language focus: Words in use1. involve2. fulfilled3. intense4. advocate5. circumstances6.respond7. subsequent8. confined9. reconciled10. distinctText A: Language focus: Word building: Practice 1 l. agreeable2. applicable3. desirable4. sustainable5. comparable6. acceptance7. attendance8. assistance9. entertain10. assign11、engagementText A: Language focus: Word building: Practice 21. assistance2. comparable3. attendance4. engagement5. applicable.6. assigned7. acceptance8. entertain9. agreeable10. sustainable11. desirableText A: Language focus: Banked cloze1. applying2. tender3. hailed4. remarkable5. tragedy6. pushed7. commitment8. focusing9. involve10. advocateText A: Language focus: Expressions in use1.(1) shield(2) from2.make sense of3. called on4. in need5. are caught up in/ get caught up in6. relate to7. sum up8. count on9. in her words/ in the words of betty10. reserved for4-4 Structure analysis and writingStructure analysis: Practice 11. Question:Some first responders do not succeed in helping others andthey get injured or die in their efforts. Do these people become heroes because of what happens to them as they try to help others-instead of what they actually make happen? (Para, 9)2. Example:Ms. McMahon was the founder of a cycling association. Her husband was a police officer who was killed in an off-dutybicycling accident, Ms. McMahon thought that Sgt. Russell was indeed a hero because he showed distinct courage when trying hard in a heavy snowstorm to stop the snowplow before it hurt others. She summed up that it's natural formost pcople to rush toward safety and away from danger. Heroes, however, rush toward danger to help those in need. (Paras. 10-11)3. Conclusion:We expect first responders to rush forward in times of danger. So when they die doing that, we should recognize their heroic action even though we ourselves may not be that brave. (Para. 12)Structured writing: Practice 1Where does happiness come from? Ann was a fulltime worker with a low income, but she devoted a lot of her time to helping people in her community. One day, Ann was diagnosed with a severe heart disease, but she did not have enough money for treatment. When people in her community heard the news, they raised money for her and helped take care of her children. Although Ann was very sick, she felt very happy. She had enjoyed helping other people, who now in tur were happy to help her. Happiness is indeed the result of helping each other.4-5 TranslationTranslation 1作为通过中国游历亚洲的首批欧洲人之一，马可波罗可能是中国人最熟知的外国商人和航海家。
研究生英语精读教程(第三版_上)第5单元英文原文及翻译和课后答案
研究生英语精读教程(第三版_上)第5单元英文原文及翻译和课后答案以下是研究生英语精读教程(第三版_上)第5单元的英文原文及翻译和课后答案的文章：Unit 5: English Text and Translation, and Answers to ExercisesI. English Text and Translation1. Text 1Text:The expression "deep water" is used to suggest that a person, an organization or a country is in serious difficulty and will probably become even more involved in trouble. Such a position is described as being in "hot water."关于“深水”的说法用来暗示一个人、一个组织或者一个国家正面临着严重的困难，并且可能变得更加麻烦。
这样的处境被描述为“陷入困境”。
Translation:2. Text 2Text:Ironically, "Into hot water" kept largely its literal sense up to the seventeenth century, meaning actual exposure to danger. Often this would have referred to being in battle.具有讽刺意味的是，在十七世纪之前，“陷入困境”在很大程度上还保持着其字面意义，意味着面临实际的危险。
通常，这可能指的是身处战场。
Translation:3. Text 3Text:The temperature increase then caused a war pageant! An admiral would sign a warrant to commence hostilities – the burning of wooden fleets being an impressive enough spectacle – by placing his official seal at the bottom of the piece of parchment.然后温度的升高引发了一个战争场面！一位军官会签署一份授权书来开始敌对行动——燃烧木舰队已经足够具有震撼力——他会在这张羊皮纸底部放上他的官方印章。
《21世纪大学新英语》第一册课后题标准答案及解析
点评：这句话的主干就是一个祈使句be careful of taking too much time for yourself。前面的部分是
独立主格结构。独立主格结构（Absolute Structure）是由名词或代词加上分词等构成的一种独立结
构，用于修饰整个句子。独立主格结构中的名词或代词与其后的分词等构成逻辑上的主谓关系。这
3. Often it is tempting to sleep through early morning class or skip it altogether — resist temptation.
Make it a priority to attend all of your classes on time.
上海复社图文制作中心 21世纪大学新英语读写译教学参考书（一） 五样稿
点评：原句用的是倒装句，中文句子就没有必要用倒装句型。
2. ...however, in the 1960s it was no where near as important as it is today.
……但是，二十世纪六十年代的西班牙语和今天的西班牙语的地位不可同日而语。
Unit 1 College Life：Task 5 Translation
A. Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese given in brackets.
1. There’s no point in fretting about things you can’t change（为无法改变的事情而发愁 fret about）.
大学英语2第五单元translation-and-writing
10) The doubt was still unsolved after his repeated explanations.
虽然他一再解释，疑团仍然存在。
Part Four: Writing and Translation>>Writing
Part Four: Writing and Translation>>Writing
Sample 2
The survey indicates that food likes and dislikes vary from one student to another. Some students are keen on meat of all kinds, while others prefer fruits and nuts. Students brought up near the sea prefer seafood, while those from West China enjoy beef and lamb. Most students spend 10 to 12 hours eating in a normal week. Generally speaking, most of the students eat at the cafeterias, but some students from wealthy families often have meals in restaurants. They have never tried cooking at home.
To be continued
Part Four: Writing and Translation>>Writing
(英语)翻译练习及解析
（英语）翻译练习及解析一、高中英语翻译1．高中英语翻译题：Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1．美食是人们造访上海的乐趣之一。
（visit）2．街头艺术家运用创意将鲜艳明亮的色彩带进了老社区。
（bring）3．在你生命中，如果有一个人你需要对他说对不起，那么就去向他道歉吧。
（apology）4．这个游戏的独特之处在于它让孩子学会如何应对现实生活中的问题。
（what）5．申请材料需要精心准备，这样你心仪的学校才会对你的能力有全面、准确地了解。
（in order that）【答案】1．Delicious food is one of the pleasures when people visit Shanghai.2．Street artists bring bright and vivid colors into older neighborhoods with originality3．If there is someone to whom you need say sorry in your life, make an apology to him. 4．What makes this game peculiar lies in that it teaches kids how to handle the problems in real life.5．The applications should be carefully prepared in order that the school you like can have an overall and accurate knowledge of your abilities.【解析】【分析】1．本句重点考察两个知识点。
英语翻译
UNIT1Task 5 TranslationA. Translate the following sentences into English.1. The consequences of your actions will dawn on you sooner or later.（你的所作所为的后果你迟早会看到的，dawn on）2. It takes great courage to launch into a new business in these difficult times.（在困难时期开办新的企业需要巨大的勇气，launch into）3. With respect to your enquiry, I enclose explanatory documents with the letter.（关于你的询问，兹随信附上有关说明文献，with respect to）4. To our disappointment, he took account of everything in terms of money.（让我们失望的是，他从钱的角度来考虑所有的事，in terms of）5. Hobbies are supposed to be relaxing.（业余爱好是应该让人放松的，be supposed to）B. Translate the following sentences into English.1. 法语中有没有和英语home完全一样的对应词？(Is there a French word that is the exact equivalent of the English word “home”?)2. 这种惩罚的结果往往是适得其反的。
(The result of such punishments is often paradoxical.)3. 然而，父母最重要的是致力于给孩子灌输友爱的品性。
answers to unit 3新概念大学英语(五)的课后答案
12. The variety of recently published books displayed at the book market attracted a large audience every day.
put up
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ercises
Collocation EX: V, P. 65
flew open.
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ercises
Vocabulary EX: III, P. 63
III. Complete the blanks with the words given below. Change the form where necessary.
collide accommodate whereby amend
_e_x__p_e_n_d__it_u__r_e_over income, the school has
decided to cut down the student number.
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ercises
Vocabulary EX: IV, P. 64
IV. Replace the underlined words or expressions in the following sentences with words or expressions from the text that best keep the original meaning.
citizens enjoy certain rights—including health care, decent education and housing and a job.
10. She wants to be more than just a singer and is
新视觉研究生英语第一册Unit 5 Translation
Translation the following sentence into English1.但愿我从来没有买过智能电器(intelligent appliance)！（God forbid）God forbid it that I had never bought intelligent appliance. {用that 引导一个从句}2.他关心国家大事(national affairs)，每天都看报纸。
（concern about）He is concerned about national affairs, reading newspapers every day.{现在分词表伴随}3.谈到高速攀升的（rocketing）房价（housing price），舆论(the press)普遍认为无论政府还是房地产商都难逃（shrink from）其责。
（come to）When it comes to the rocketing housing price, the press generally thinks that no matter the government or land agent can shrink from their responsibilities.{it 作形式主语}4.在随意参观当地二手（second-hand）书店的时候，我看到越来越多从图书馆流失出来的图书。
（at random）When I visited the local second-hand bookstore at random, I saw more and more books which was lost from the libraries. (条件状语从句）5.即使你读了用户手册（user's manual），也不能开动（start）你的洗衣机。
（even if）Even if you read the user's manual, you can not start your washing machine.(even if 引导让步状语从句）6.这个职位有很多人申请，所以在你和人事主管(the personnel supervisor)联系之前，你得先想出自己有什么特别之处(specialness)。
轻松学单词：别笑,我是英语单词书(56)5篇
轻松学单词：别笑，我是英语单词书（56）轻松学单词：别笑，我是英语单词书（56）精选5篇（一）laugh - 笑book - 书learn - 学习word - 单词easy - 简单的English - 英语relax - 放松mock - 嘲笑study - 学习chapter - 章节vocabulary - 词汇pronunciation - 发音grammar - 语法practice - 练习definition - 定义translation - 翻译sentence - 句子meaning - 意思fluency - 流利conversation - 对话idiom - 成语synonym - 同义词antonym - 反义词quiz - 测验test - 测试dictionary - 字典thesaurus - 同义词词典reading - 阅读writing - 写作listening - 听力speaking - 口语vocabulary list - 词汇表flashcards - 闪卡notebook - 笔记本highlight - 突出显示review - 复习understand - 理解struggle - 挣扎progress - 进步mistake - 错误improve - 改进motivate - 激励confidence - 自信challenging - 具有挑战性的determined - 决心的goal - 目标achievement - 成就reward - 奖励successful - 成功的perseverance - 毅力diligent - 勤奋的dedication - 奉献轻松学单词：别笑，我是英语单词书（56）精选5篇（二）1. Absorb: To take in or soak up.2. Benefit: An advantage or positive outcome.3. Captivate: To charm or hold the interest of someone.4. Discern: To perceive or recognize something with the senses or intellect.5. Elaborate: To add more detail or expand on something.6. Frugal: Economical or saving money.7. Graceful: Elegantly beautiful or poised.8. Hesitate: To pause or show reluctance before doing or saying something.9. Illuminate: To light up or make something clearer.10. Jeopardize: To put something or someone at risk or in danger.11. Keen: To have a strong or eager interest in something.12. Lure: To attract or entice someone or something.13. Meticulous: Showing great attention to detail or precision.14. Nourish: To provide food or sustenance.15. Observe: To watch or take notice of something.16. Ponder: To think about something deeply or carefully.17. Quell: To put an end to or calm something.18. Reap: To gather or receive something as a consequence of actions or efforts.19. Savor: To enjoy or appreciate something fully.20. Tranquil: Calm or serene.轻松学单词：别笑，我是英语单词书（56）精选5篇（三）1. Joking - 开玩笑2. Embarrassed - 尴尬的3. Vocabulary - 词汇4. Pronunciation - 发音5. Translation - 翻译6. Fluent - 流利的7. Grammar - 语法8. Spelling - 拼写9. Exercise - 练习10. Definition - 定义11. Fluency - 流利度12. Accent - 口音13. Comprehension - 理解14. Confused - 困惑的15. Motivated - 有动力的16. Language - 语言17. Bilingual - 双语的18. Vocabulary - 词汇量19. Understand - 理解20. Progress - 进展21. Native - 本地的22. Foreign - 外国的23. Elementary - 初级的24. Intermediate - 中级的25. Advanced - 高级的26. Practice - 练习27. Conversation - 对话28. Dialect - 方言29. Idiom - 成语30. Expression - 表达31. Memorize - 记忆32. Recite - 背诵33. Correct - 正确的34. Incorrect - 不正确的35. Improve - 提高36. Review - 复习37. Wordplay - 文字游戏38. Acronym - 首字母缩写39. Synonym - 同义词40. Antonym - 反义词41. Proverb - 谚语42. Slang - 俚语43. Homework - 作业44. Reading - 阅读45. Writing - 写作46. Listening - 听力47. Speaking - 口语48. Test - 测试49. Exam - 考试50. Motivation - 动力51. Study - 学习52. Success - 成功53. Failure - 失败54. Challenge - 挑战55. Reward - 奖励轻松学单词：别笑，我是英语单词书（56）精选5篇（四）1. Laughter - 笑声2. Book - 书籍3. Word - 单词4. English - 英语5. Study - 学习6. Easy - 简单7. Learn - 学习8. Smile - 微笑9. Vocabulary - 词汇10. Fun - 有趣11. Laugh - 笑12. Reading - 阅读13. Education - 教育14. Knowledge - 知识15. Grammar - 语法16. Pronunciation - 发音17. Understanding - 理解18. Communication - 交流19. Fluency - 流利20. Practice - 练习21. Listening - 听力22. Speaking - 口语23. Writing - 写作24. Reading - 阅读25. Improvement - 提高26. Vocabulary - 词汇量27. Memorization - 记忆28. Conversation - 对话29. Translation - 翻译30. Dictionary - 字典31. Comprehension - 理解力32. Quiz - 测验33. Progress - 进展34. Fluency - 流利度35. Grammar - 语法36. Sentence - 句子37. Paragraph - 段落38. Synonym - 同义词39. Antonym - 反义词40. Idiom - 成语41. Proverb - 谚语42. Metaphor - 隐喻43. Simile - 明喻44. Noun - 名词45. Verb - 动词46. Adjective - 形容词47. Adverb - 副词48. Preposition - 介词49. Conjunction - 连词50. Interjection - 感叹词51. Tense - 时态52. Singular - 单数53. Plural - 复数54. Past - 过去时55. Future - 将来时轻松学单词：别笑，我是英语单词书（56）精选5篇（五）1. aspect - noun. a particular part or feature of something2. bewilder - verb. to confuse or puzzle someone3. conceive - verb. to form or develop an idea or plan in the mind4. depict - verb. to represent or show something in a picture or physical form5. eradicate - verb. to completely destroy or get rid of something6. fervent - adjective. having or showing great intensity, passion, or enthusiasm7. gracious - adjective. kind, courteous, and showing good manners8. hinder - verb. to create difficulty or obstacles for someone or something9. illuminate - verb. to light up or make something brighter, often figuratively referring to understanding or knowledge10. jargon - noun. specialized or technical language that is specific to a particular group or industry11. knack - noun. a natural skill or talent for doing something effortlessly12. lament - verb. to express grief, sorrow, or regret13. meddle - verb. to interfere or involve oneself in someone else's affairs without invitation14. notorious - adjective. famous or well-known, typically for something negative or scandalous15. obscure - adjective. not well-known, hidden or difficult to understand16. panorama - noun. a wide or complete view of a surrounding area or scene17. quench - verb. to satisfy one's thirst or desire, often referring to extinguishing or satisfying a literal or metaphorical need18. remorse - noun. deep regret or guilt for a past action or mistake19. scrutinize - verb. to examine or inspect closely and carefully20. tranquil - adjective. calm, peaceful, and free from disturbance or worry。
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Useful Expressions: (1) 和远方的朋友保持联系不是一件容易的事。 和远方的朋友保持联系不是一件容易的事。 对我来说，情形就是这样。 对我来说，情形就是这样。 远方的朋友 far-away friends / friends who are far away 保持联系 keep in touch with sb
Translation
Unit Two Book One
Chinese Version
Hale Waihona Puke (1) 和远方的朋友保持联系不是一件容易的事。 和远方的朋友保持联系不是一件容易的事。 对我来说，情形就是这样。 对我来说，情形就是这样。 (2) 离开旧街区和那里的朋友们已有几年了。 离开旧街区和那里的朋友们已有几年了。 (3) 我一直打算给他们写信，可是总有这样那 我一直打算给他们写信， 样的事儿，似乎就是抽不出空。 样的事儿，似乎就是抽不出空。(4) 现在可以 说我与他们失去联系了。 说我与他们失去联系了。(5) 但是我一直记挂 着他们， 着他们，我想我今后也一定会努力与他们保持 通信联系的。 通信联系的。
Useful Expressions: (4) 现在可以说我与他们失去联系了。 现在可以说我与他们失去联系了。 可以说 kind of / sort of 失去联系 lose touch with sb lose contact with sb be out of contact with sb
Useful Expressions: (5) 但是我一直记挂着他们，我想我今后也一 但是我一直记挂着他们， 定会努力与他们保持通信联系的。 定会努力与他们保持通信联系的。 记挂着 (sb) be on one’s mind 努力（做某事）make an effort to do 努力（做某事） sth /do or try one’s best to do sth 保持通信联系 keep up correspondence with sb
Useful Expressions: (3) 我一直打算给他们写信，可是总有这样那样 我一直打算给他们写信， 的事儿，似乎就是抽不出空。 的事儿，似乎就是抽不出空。 打算 mean to do sth intend / plan to do sth 有这样那样的事儿 things come up / something or other comes up 抽不出空 (not) find the time
情形就是这样 be true in one’s case / be the case
Useful Expressions: (2) 离开旧街区和那里的朋友们已有几年了。 离开旧街区和那里的朋友们已有几年了。 旧街区 (my / the) old neighborhood 那里的朋友们 all the / my friends there 几年了 a couple of years a few years several years
Translation 4-1. Now I have kind of lost touch with them. 4-2. Now I’ve somewhat lost contact with them.
Translation 5. They are always on my mind, however, and I think I will certainly make an effort to keep up correspondence with them in future.
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I left my old neighborhood and all my friends there a few years ago.
Translation 3-1. I’ve been meaning to write to them but something or other comes up and I don’t seem to find the time. 3-2. I’ve always intended to write, but things come up and it seems that I can’t find the time.
Translation 1. It is not easy to keep in touch with friends when they are far away. This is certainly true in my case.
Translation 2-1. It has been a couple of years since I left my old neighborhood and all the friends (I had) there. 2-2. I have left my old neighborhood and my old friends there for several years.