Deriving State Machines from TinyOS Programs using Symbolic 从TinyOS程序使用符号推导状态机 29页PPT
机器人有什么功能英语作文
Robots have become an integral part of modern society,offering a wide range of functions that enhance our daily lives and improve efficiency in various industries.Here are some of the key capabilities that robots possess:1.Automation and Efficiency:Robots are designed to perform repetitive tasks with high precision and speed,reducing the need for human labor and minimizing errors.2.Dangerous Task Execution:They can operate in hazardous environments,such as deepsea exploration,space missions,or disaster zones,where human presence could be risky.3.Manufacturing:In the industrial sector,robots are used for assembly lines,welding, painting,and other manufacturing processes,ensuring consistency and quality control.4.Medical Assistance:Surgical robots assist in performing complex procedures with greater accuracy,while nursing robots can help with patient care,such as medication dispensing and monitoring vital signs.5.Agricultural Support:Robots can be used for planting,harvesting,and monitoring crop health,leading to increased agricultural productivity and reduced waste.6.Domestic Help:Home robots,such as vacuum cleaners and lawn mowers,perform household chores,freeing up time for other activities.cational Tools:Robots are used in educational settings to teach programming, engineering,and other STEM subjects,making learning interactive and engaging.8.Entertainment:They can be programmed to perform music,dance,or act in plays, offering a new dimension to the entertainment industry.9.Security and Surveillance:Robots can patrol areas,detect anomalies,and provide realtime surveillance,enhancing security in both public and private spaces.10.Environmental Monitoring:Robots are used to monitor environmental conditions, such as pollution levels,wildlife populations,and climate changes,aiding in conservation efforts.11.Search and Rescue:Equipped with sensors,robots can locate people trapped in collapsed buildings or other disaster scenarios,providing vital support to rescue teams.12.Transportation:Autonomous vehicles,including drones and selfdriving cars,are revolutionizing the transportation sector,offering safer and more efficient travel options.13.Customer Service:Robots in retail and hospitality industries can assist customers, provide information,and even process transactions,improving service quality and reducing wait times.nguage Translation:Some robots are capable of realtime language translation, facilitating communication between people of different linguistic backgrounds.15.Space Exploration:Robots play a crucial role in exploring other planets and celestial bodies,collecting data that helps scientists understand the universe better.Robots are not just tools for performing tasks they are also companions,educators,and pioneers in new frontiers.As technology advances,the capabilities of robots will continue to expand,offering even more functions that can benefit humanity in various ways.。
人工智能崛起 新质生产力 外语专业
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浙江大学2005–2006学年秋季学期《操作系统原理》课程试卷及答案
For every following question, please select your best answer only!!!
OS_Theory_1
1. An operating system is a program that manages the __________. A.) computer hardware B.) computer software C.) computer resources D.) application programs 2. An operating system is designed for ease of use and/or __________. A.) speed B.) compatibility C.) resource utilization D.) flexibility 3. Which OS is the oldest? A.) UNIX B.) MULTICS C.) Windows 3.x D.) Windows XP 4. The evolution of operating systems for mainframes is roughly like from __________. A.) no software multi-programming multi-tasking B.) no software multi-tasking multi-programming C.) no software resident monitors multi-tasking multi-programming D.) no software resident monitors multi-programming multi-tasking 5. Users can create and destroy process by ________________. A.) function invocation B.) macro instruction C.) system calls D.) procedure invocation 6. __________ is to keep multiple jobs in memory simultaneously in order to keep the CPU busy. A.) batch processing B.) real-time processing C.) multiprogramming D.) parallel execution 7. What is the purpose of system calls? A.) System calls allow us to write assembly language programs. B.) System calls are the standard interface between a user process and a kernel process. C.) System calls allow user-level processes to request services of the operating
到2035年机器人取代医生,英语作文
到2035年机器人取代医生,英语作文全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1By 2035, it is predicted that robots will be able to fully replace doctors in various medical procedures and treatments. This shift in healthcare may revolutionize how we receive medical care, improve efficiency, and ultimately save lives.One major advantage of using robots instead of human doctors is their precision and accuracy. Robots are programmed with algorithms that enable them to perform surgeries with extreme precision, reducing the risk of errors and complications. In addition, robots can access and analyze vast amounts of patient data to make more accurate diagnoses and personalized treatment plans. This level of data processing and analysis is beyond what a human doctor could achieve on their own.Furthermore, robots do not suffer from fatigue or human error, which can occur in high-stress environments such as the operating room. This means that surgeries and treatments can be carried out more efficiently and consistently, leading to betterpatient outcomes. In addition, robots can work around the clock without the need for breaks, allowing for 24/7 medical care.Another benefit of using robots in healthcare is their ability to access remote and underserved areas. This could be especially valuable in rural or developing regions where access to trained medical professionals is limited. Telemedicine robots could be used to remotely diagnose and treat patients, providingmuch-needed medical care to those who may not otherwise have access.Despite the potential advantages of using robots in healthcare, there are also some concerns that need to be addressed. One major concern is the potential loss of jobs for human doctors and medical professionals. If robots can perform medical procedures more efficiently and accurately than humans, there may be a decrease in demand for human medical professionals, leading to job displacement and unemployment.Another concern is the ethical implications of using robots to deliver medical care. For example, how will patients feel about receiving care from a machine rather than a human doctor? Will patients trust the diagnoses and treatment plans generated by a robot? These are important questions that need to be addressed as technology advances in the healthcare industry.In conclusion, the potential for robots to replace doctors in healthcare by 2035 is a possibility that cannot be ignored. While there are many benefits to using robots in medical procedures and treatments, there are also ethical and social implications that need to be considered. It is important for policymakers, healthcare professionals, and the public to engage in ongoing discussions about how to best utilize robot technology in healthcare to ensure that patients receive the best possible care.篇2By the year 2035, it is predicted that robots will have the capability to replace human doctors in various medical tasks. This advancement in technology poses both benefits and challenges to the healthcare industry and society as a whole.One major advantage of having robots as doctors is their accuracy and efficiency. Robots can perform surgeries with precision and speed that may surpass human capabilities. They are not prone to fatigue or emotions, which can sometimes affect human performance. This can lead to higher success rates in surgeries and faster recovery times for patients.Additionally, robots can have access to a vast amount of medical knowledge and research, allowing them to make moreinformed decisions when diagnosing and treating patients. They can analyze data and information quickly and provide accurate results in a fraction of the time it may take a human doctor.Furthermore, robots can also help alleviate the shortage of healthcare professionals in certain areas. In rural or underdeveloped regions where access to medical care is limited, robots can provide basic medical services and diagnoses to those in need. This can help bridge the gap in healthcare disparities and ensure that everyone has access to medical assistance.However, the idea of robots replacing human doctors also raises concerns and challenges. One of the main concerns is the potential loss of the human touch in healthcare. Patients may feel more comfortable and reassured when interacting with a human doctor who can provide empathy and emotional support. Robots, no matter how advanced, may lack the ability to show compassion and understanding to patients in the same way a human can.Another challenge is the issue of trust and accountability. If a robot makes a mistake in diagnosing or treating a patient, who is ultimately responsible? How can we ensure that robots are programmed and trained to make ethical and morally sounddecisions in healthcare settings? These are important questions that need to be addressed before fully integrating robots into medical practice.Moreover, there is the issue of job displacement for human doctors. If robots can perform many tasks that doctors currently do, what will happen to the thousands of medical professionals who may no longer be needed? It is crucial to consider the implications of this shift in the workforce and develop strategies to support and retrain healthcare workers in other capacities.In conclusion, the prospect of robots replacing doctors by 2035 presents both opportunities and challenges for the healthcare industry. While robots can bring increased efficiency, accuracy, and access to medical care, there are also concerns about the loss of human touch, trust, and potential job displacement. It is important for policymakers, healthcare professionals, and the public to carefully consider these implications and work towards a future where technology and human compassion can coexist in the practice of medicine.篇3By 2035, it is predicted that robots may potentially replace doctors in certain aspects of healthcare. With the rapidadvancements in artificial intelligence and robotics technology, machines are becoming increasingly capable of performing tasks that were previously done only by humans. While there are both advantages and disadvantages to this development, it is important to consider the potential impact on medical practice and patient care.One of the main advantages of using robots in healthcare is their ability to perform certain tasks more efficiently and accurately than humans. Robots do not get tired, make mistakes, or overlook important details like humans sometimes do. This can lead to better clinical outcomes, fewer medical errors, and improved patient safety. In addition, robots can be programmed to work 24/7 without breaks, allowing for continuous monitoring and care of patients.Furthermore, robots can provide consistency in treatment and diagnosis, as they follow predefined protocols and guidelines. This can help reduce variability in care, improve standardization, and ensure that all patients receive the same high-quality treatment. In addition, robots can access and analyze vast amounts of data quickly and accurately, leading to faster and more accurate diagnoses.On the other hand, there are also concerns about the use of robots in healthcare. One of the main concerns is the potential loss of the personal touch and empathy that human doctors provide. Healthcare is not just about treating diseases, but also about providing emotional support and building a trusting relationship with patients. Robots may lack the ability to truly understand and connect with patients on a human level.Moreover, there are ethical and legal implications to consider when using robots in healthcare. For example, who would be held responsible if a robot makes a mistake that harms a patient? How would patient confidentiality and privacy be protected when sensitive medical information is stored and accessed by robots? These are important questions that need to be addressed before widespread adoption of robotic technology in healthcare.Overall, the idea of robots replacing doctors in healthcare by 2035 raises both excitement and concern. While robots have the potential to revolutionize medicine and improve patient outcomes, there are also risks and uncertainties that need to be carefully considered. It is important for healthcare providers and policymakers to work together to find a balance between thebenefits and challenges of using robots in healthcare, in order to ensure safe and effective patient care in the future.。
电脑的起源英文作文
电脑的起源英文作文示例1:The Origin of ComputersComputers have become an integral part of our lives, but have you ever wondered about their origins? The history of computers dates back to the early 19th century when the concept of a programmable machine was first introduced.The first known mechanical computer was the Analytical Engine, designed by Charles Babbage in the 1830s. Although it was never built during his lifetime, Babbage's invention laid the foundation for modern computers. The Analytical Engine was capable of performing complex calculations and had a memory system similar to today's computers.However, it wasn't until the mid-20th century that electronic computers were developed. During World War II, scientists and engineers worked on building machines that could assist in military calculations. One such machine was the Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer (ENIAC), which was completed in 1945. ENIAC was the world's first general-purpose electronic computer andmarked a significant milestone in computer history.Following the success of ENIAC, computer technology continued to evolve rapidly. The introduction of transistors in the late 1940s and early 1950s paved the way for smaller and more efficient computers. Transistors replaced bulky vacuum tubes and allowed for the creation of the first generation of computers, known as mainframes.In the 1960s, the concept of time-sharing emerged, enabling multiple users to access a single computer simultaneously. This led to the development of minicomputers, which were smaller and more affordable than mainframes. The 1970s saw the birth of microprocessors, which further revolutionized the computer industry. Microprocessors allowed for the creation of personal computers, making computing accessible to individuals for the first time.The 1980s and 1990s witnessed a rapid advancement in computer technology, with the introduction of graphical user interfaces and the internet. Computers became more user-friendly, and the World Wide Web opened up a whole new world of information andcommunication.Today, computers are an indispensable part of our daily lives, used in various fields such as education, business, entertainment, and research. They have become smaller, faster, and more powerful, thanks to continuous advancements in technology.In conclusion, the origin of computers can be traced back to the 19th century, with the development of the Analytical Engine. From mechanical computers to electronic machines and the advent of microprocessors, computers have come a long way. They have revolutionized the way we work, communicate, and access information, making them an essential tool in the modern world.示例2:The Origin of ComputersComputers have become an integral part of our daily lives, from personal use to professional applications. However, have you ever wondered about the origin of these incredible machines? Let's delve into the fascinating history of computers.The concept of a computer can be traced back to ancient times when humans used tools like the abacus for calculations. However, the modern computer as we know it today originated in the mid-20th century.The first electronic computer, known as the ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer), was developed during World War II by John W. Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert. This massive machine, weighing around 30 tons, was built for the United States Army to calculate artillery firing tables. Although the ENIAC was an impressive invention, it was far from being a personal computer due to its size and complexity.The real breakthrough in computer history came with the development of the transistor. In 1947, three scientists at Bell Laboratories, John Bardeen, Walter Brattain, and William Shockley, invented this small electronic device that could amplify and switch electronic signals. Transistors replaced the bulky and unreliable vacuum tubes used in early computers, making computers smaller, faster, and more reliable.The next significant milestone in computer history was thedevelopment of integrated circuits, also known as microchips. In the late 1950s and early 1960s, engineers began to integrate multiple transistors onto a single silicon chip, revolutionizing the computer industry. This advancement further reduced the size of computers and increased their processing power.The 1970s witnessed the emergence of the personal computer (PC). Companies like Apple and Microsoft played crucial roles in making computers accessible to individuals. The introduction of the Apple II and the IBM PC in the late 1970s and early 1980s made personal computers popular among the general public. These machines were smaller, more affordable, and user-friendly, paving the way for the computer revolution.Over the years, computers have continued to evolve rapidly. The development of the internet and the World Wide Web in the 1990s brought computers into every household, connecting people globally and transforming the way we communicate, work, and access information.In conclusion, the origin of computers can be traced back to the innovative minds of scientists and engineers who revolutionizedtechnology throughout history. From the massive ENIAC to the modern-day smartphones, computers have come a long way, making our lives easier and more efficient. The continuous advancements in computer technology promise an exciting future with endless possibilities.示例3:The Origin of ComputersComputers have become an integral part of our daily lives, revolutionizing the way we work, communicate, and access information. However, the origin of computers can be traced back to several key developments in history.One of the earliest precursors to computers was the abacus, which was developed in ancient China around 2000 BCE. The abacus allowed for simple arithmetic calculations by manipulating beads on rods. Although primitive by today's standards, the abacus laid the foundation for the concept of counting and calculating.Fast forward to the 19th century, and we see the emergence of mechanical calculators. Charles Babbage, an English mathematician,is often credited with designing the first mechanical computer called the Analytical Engine. Although this machine was never built during Babbage's lifetime, it incorporated many key elements of modern computers, such as a central processing unit (CPU) and memory.The true birth of modern electronic computers can be attributed to the efforts of Alan Turing and his team at Bletchley Park during World War II. Turing, a British mathematician and computer scientist, played a crucial role in breaking the German Enigma code by developing the Bombe machine. This machine helped decipher encrypted messages and significantly contributed to the Allied victory.Following the war, the development of computers accelerated with the invention of the transistor in 1947. Transistors replaced bulky vacuum tubes, making computers smaller, faster, and more reliable. Subsequently, the integrated circuit, or microchip, was invented in the late 1950s, further advancing computer technology.The 1970s marked the beginning of the personal computer revolution. Companies like Apple and IBM introduced affordable anduser-friendly computers, bringing computing power to the masses. The invention of the graphical user interface (GUI) by Xerox PARC in the 1980s made computers even more accessible by allowing users to interact with them using icons and menus.Today, computers have become an indispensable tool in every aspect of our lives. From smartphones to supercomputers, the evolution of computers has been remarkable. The relentless pursuit of innovation and advancements in technology continues to shape the future of computing, promising even more exciting possibilities.In conclusion, the origin of computers can be traced back to ancient counting devices, the visionary ideas of Charles Babbage, the breakthroughs during World War II, and subsequent inventions like the transistor and microchip. The journey from the abacus to modern computers is a testament to human ingenuity and our constant quest for knowledge and progress.。
英语作文 介绍机器人
Robots have become an integral part of modern technology,serving in various capacities from industrial automation to personal assistance.Here is an introduction to the fascinating world of robots.Historical BackgroundThe concept of robots dates back to ancient times,with myths and legends featuring automatons.However,the modern era of robotics began in the20th century with the development of the first programmable robots by George Devol and Joseph Engelberger in the1950s.Types of Robots1.Industrial Robots:These are designed for repetitive tasks in manufacturing environments.They are highly precise and can work tirelessly without breaks.2.Service Robots:They perform tasks for personal or professional use,such as vacuum cleaners,lawn mowers,and even robotic pets.3.Exploratory Robots:Used for exploring environments that are dangerous or inaccessible to humans,such as deepsea exploration or space missions.4.Humanoid Robots:Designed to resemble humans,these robots can perform tasks that require humanlike dexterity and interaction.Components of a RobotSensors:They allow robots to perceive their environment,including cameras, microphones,and touch sensors.Actuators:These are the motors and other mechanisms that allow the robot to move and interact with its surroundings.Controller:The brain of the robot,which processes input from sensors and commands actuators to perform tasks.Power Source:Robots can be powered by batteries,electricity,or even fuel cells.AI and RoboticsArtificial intelligence plays a crucial role in modern robotics,enabling robots to learn from their experiences,make decisions,and adapt to new situations.Machine learning algorithms allow robots to improve their performance over time.ApplicationsRobots are used in a wide range of applications:Manufacturing:Assembly lines,welding,and packaging.Healthcare:Surgical assistance,patient care,and telemedicine.Disaster Response:Search and rescue operations,hazardous material handling. Entertainment:Animation,theme park attractions,and interactive experiences.Ethical ConsiderationsAs robots become more advanced,ethical questions arise regarding their use.Issues such as privacy,job displacement,and the potential for misuse are being actively debated. Future of RoboticsThe future of robotics holds great promise with advancements in materials science, nanotechnology,and AI.We can expect to see more sophisticated robots that are capable of performing complex tasks,integrating seamlessly into our daily lives,and even forming emotional bonds with humans.In conclusion,robots are not just a product of science fiction but are a reality that is transforming industries and societies.As we continue to innovate and develop new technologies,the role of robots in our lives is set to expand,offering both opportunities and challenges that we must navigate responsibly.。
2018高考英语北京卷—阅读理解D译文—准备机器车中的城市
2018高考英语北京卷*阅读理解D准备机器车中的城市自主驾驶机器车的可能性看起来总是像一个未来的梦，距离在现实世界中出现还有很多年。
加州汽车集团在四月准许公司在公路上真实测试自主驾驶汽车。
加州也明确了公司出售和出租自主驾驶汽车以及运营无人驾驶出租车服务的方法。
应该指出，并不是只在加州示范，公司一直在全国很多城市测试。
很难预测无人驾驶汽车何时将会出现在各地的公路上。
但是无论要用多久，科技都有潜力去改变我们的交通系统和城市，变得更好或者更糟，取决于这种改变如何被管理。
截至目前，虽然很多争议都集中于无人驾驶汽车的安全性上（理应如此），政策制定者也应该谈论自主驾驶汽车如何帮助缓解交通拥堵，减少尾气排放，并且提供更便捷的和更实惠的出行选择。
无人驾驶汽车的出现是一个机会去确保这些汽车是环境友好的和共享的。
我们想要用无人驾驶汽车来复制——或者甚至更糟糕的是——现在的交通吗？想象一个多数成年人都拥有自己的无人驾驶汽车的未来。
他们忍受在拥堵的路上又远又慢的上下班的行程，因为它们可以在途中工作，娱乐或者休息，这就鼓励了城市的扩张。
他们开着自己的无人驾驶汽车去赴约，让空车绕着建筑行驶来避免支付停车费。
不用走几个街区去接孩子或者取干洗的衣物，他们搭乘自主驾驶面包车。
这种便捷甚至导致更少的人去乘坐公共交通工具——研究人员已经在叫车服务上发现的一种不受欢迎的副作用。
一项来自加州大学戴维斯分校的研究表明，到2050年，在世界范围内，用电动自主驾驶和共享系统来取代燃油私家车，可以减少来自交通工具尾气排放的80%，减少交通基础设施和运营费用的40%。
更少的排放和更便宜的出行听起来是非常吸引人的。
首批商用无人驾驶汽车几乎将一定会被叫车服务使用，考虑到自主驾驶技术和责任与维护问题的花费。
但是无人驾驶汽车的所有权可能增加，随着价格下跌和更多的人适应科技。
政策制定者现在就应该开始思考如何确保无人驾驶汽车的出现不会扩大我们如今拥有的汽车主宰的交通方式的最糟糕的方面。
人类对机器的依赖性英语作文
人类对机器的依赖性英语作文Humans' Reliance on MachinesIn the modern world, the reliance of humans on machines has become increasingly prevalent. From the moment we wake up until we go to sleep, we find ourselves interacting with and dependent on a wide range of technological devices and systems. This dependency has become so ingrained in our daily lives that it is difficult to imagine a world without the convenience and efficiency that machines provide.One of the primary reasons for this reliance is the sheer convenience that machines offer. Machines can perform tasks quickly and accurately, often with greater efficiency than human labor. This has led to a significant increase in productivity and efficiency in various sectors, from manufacturing to healthcare. For instance, robotic arms in assembly lines can assemble products with remarkable speed and precision, while medical imaging machines can provide detailed diagnostics that aid in the early detection and treatment of diseases.Moreover, machines have become indispensable in our daily lives. The smartphone, for example, has become an extension of our hands,allowing us to access a wealth of information, communicate with others, and even control various aspects of our environment, such as our homes and transportation. The reliance on these devices has become so ingrained that many people feel lost or disconnected when they are unable to access their phones.Another aspect of the human-machine relationship is the way in which machines have become integrated into our social and personal lives. Social media platforms, for instance, have become a crucial means of communication and connection for many people, allowing them to stay in touch with friends and family, share experiences, and even find new social connections. The integration of these platforms into our daily lives has led to a situation where many individuals feel a strong emotional attachment to their digital connections and the devices that facilitate them.Furthermore, the increasing use of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning in various sectors has led to a growing reliance on these technologies. AI-powered virtual assistants, such as Siri and Alexa, have become commonplace in many households, assisting with tasks ranging from setting reminders to controlling smart home devices. Similarly, AI algorithms are being used in fields like finance, healthcare, and transportation to make decisions and predictions that can have significant impacts on our lives.The reliance on machines has also led to a shift in the way we approach problem-solving and decision-making. Instead of relying solely on our own judgment and intuition, we often turn to machines and algorithms to provide guidance and support. This can be particularly problematic in situations where the algorithms may be biased or lack the nuance and contextual understanding that humans possess.Despite the many benefits that machines provide, the growing reliance on them has also led to a range of concerns and challenges. One of the primary concerns is the potential for job displacement as machines become more capable of performing tasks that were once the domain of human workers. This has led to fears about the future of employment and the need for retraining and reskilling efforts to ensure that workers can adapt to the changing job market.Another concern is the potential for machines to become too powerful and to potentially threaten human autonomy and decision-making. As AI and other advanced technologies become more sophisticated, there is a risk that they may be used to manipulate or control human behavior, either intentionally or unintentionally. This raises ethical and philosophical questions about the role of machines in our lives and the extent to which we should cede control to them.Additionally, the reliance on machines has led to concerns aboutcybersecurity and the vulnerability of our digital systems to hacking, data breaches, and other forms of cyber threats. As more aspects of our lives become digitized and connected, the potential for these threats to have significant consequences has increased, with the potential for disruption to critical infrastructure, financial systems, and personal privacy.In conclusion, the reliance of humans on machines has become a defining feature of the modern world. While machines have brought significant benefits in terms of convenience, efficiency, and productivity, they have also raised a range of concerns and challenges that must be addressed. As we continue to integrate machines into our lives, it is crucial that we carefully consider the ethical, social, and practical implications of this reliance, and work to ensure that the relationship between humans and machines remains balanced and beneficial for all.。
考研英语二2020年阅读理解译文
题目：2020年考研英语二阅读理解译文解析【导言】2020年的考研英语二阅读理解部分题目涉及了诸多热门话题，如人工智能、环境保护、社会问题等。
考研英语阅读理解部分要求考生具备较强的阅读理解能力和翻译能力，因此备考过程中除了熟练阅读外文资料，还需要注重英译汉的训练。
下面，我们将就2020年考研英语二阅读理解部分的几道题目进行译文解析，帮助考生更好地准备考试。
【正文】1. 题目一：《人工智能与工作》题干：人工智能技术使得人们的工作岌岌可危。
人工智能技术对人类工作将产生怎样的影响？原文：人工智能技术以其高效和准确的特性，正在渗透进人们的日常工作中，从制造业到服务业，从工程师到普通劳动者，范围涵盖全面。
这些新兴的技术不仅能够完成劳动力密集型的工作，而且还能够执行一部分技术密集型的工作。
随着人工智能技术的不断发展，预计在未来几十年内会有相当数量的工作被自动化工具所取代。
译文：人工智能技术正在广泛应用于各个行业，从制造业到服务业，从工程师到普通劳动者，已经成为无法回避的趋势。
它们不仅可以完成需要大量人力的工作，还能够执行一部分技术密集型的工作。
随着人工智能技术的不断发展，预计未来几十年内会有相当数量的工作被自动化取代。
2. 题目二：《环境污染与可持续发展》题干：环境污染问题已成为全球性难题。
为了实现可持续发展，我们应该采取怎样的措施？原文：在全球范围内，环境问题已经成为人们关注的焦点。
环境污染给人类带来了巨大的危害，严重威胁着生态平衡和人类健康。
要实现可持续发展，必须采取切实有效的措施，包括加强环境治理、推动绿色发展、倡导低碳生活、提倡循环利用资源、促进环境教育等。
译文：环境问题已成为全球关注的焦点。
环境污染给人类造成了严重的危害，对生态平衡和人类健康构成了威胁。
为了实现可持续发展，必须采取切实有效的措施，包括加强环境治理、推动绿色发展、倡导低碳生活、提倡资源循环利用以及促进环境教育。
3. 题目三：《社会问题与解决办法》题干：社会问题如贫富差距、就业难题等已经成为全球性难题。
(NEW)北京航空航天大学外国语学院211翻译硕士英语[专业硕士]历年考研真题及详解
![(NEW)北京航空航天大学外国语学院211翻译硕士英语[专业硕士]历年考研真题及详解](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/a5a1fd2e31b765ce04081402.png)
A. adulterate B. moor C. vaccinate D. sue 【答案】A 【解析】句意：如果你往食物或饮品之类的东西里掺假，例如往里 面兑水，就会降低它们的质量。adulterate掺杂。moor停泊；固定。 vaccinate注射疫苗。sue控告；起诉。
10. The orphanage is just one of her _____ causes. A. phonetic B. philanthropic C. prevalent D. lunatic 【答案】B 【解析】句意：这座孤儿院只是她的慈善事业之一。philanthropic仁 慈的；慈善的。phonetic语音的。prevalent盛行的，流行的。lunatic精神
2010年北京航空航天大学211翻译 硕士英语考研真题及详解
Part Ⅰ. Vocabulary (30 points) Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. 1. The _____ is used by astrologers to help calculate the influence of the planets on people’s lives. A. zephyr B. zodiac C. zyme D. zest 【答案】B 【解析】句意：天文学家通过占星术中的黄道十二宫来计算星球对 人类生活的影响。zodiac黄道十二宫（用于占星术）。zephyr和风，微 风。zyme酶。zest热情；热心。
如何面对芯片危机英文作文
如何面对芯片危机英文作文Facing the Chip Crisis: Strategies and Solutions。
The global chip crisis has emerged as a critical challenge in recent times, impacting various industries ranging from automotive to consumer electronics. As we navigate through this unprecedented situation, it becomes imperative to devise effective strategies to mitigate its adverse effects. In this essay, we will explore various approaches to tackle the chip crisis and ensure a smoother transition towards stability.First and foremost, proactive measures must be taken to address the root causes of the chip shortage. This involves enhancing collaboration between semiconductor manufacturers, governments, and other stakeholders to identify bottlenecks in the supply chain and implement targeted solutions. Additionally, investments in research and developmentshould be prioritized to boost chip production capacity and foster innovation in the semiconductor industry.Furthermore, diversification of supply sources is essential to reduce dependency on a limited number of chip suppliers. By exploring alternative manufacturingfacilities and fostering partnerships with emerging semiconductor companies, organizations can build resilience in their supply chains and minimize the impact of future disruptions.In addition to supply-side interventions, demand management strategies play a crucial role in alleviatingthe chip crisis. Companies must prioritize their mostcritical applications and optimize resource allocation to ensure that limited chip supplies are allocated efficiently. Moreover, consumer education initiatives can help manage expectations and reduce panic buying, thereby stabilizing demand fluctuations in the market.Collaboration and information sharing are key components of an effective response to the chip crisis. Industry associations, government agencies, and academic institutions should facilitate dialogue and exchange bestpractices to address common challenges and promotecollective action. By leveraging the power of collaboration, stakeholders can pool resources and expertise to implement sustainable solutions that benefit the entire ecosystem.Moreover, technological innovations such as advanced manufacturing techniques and design optimizations can help optimize chip production processes and increase yields. By embracing cutting-edge technologies, semiconductor manufacturers can enhance their operational efficiency and meet the growing demand for chips in a rapidly evolving digital landscape.In conclusion, the chip crisis poses significant challenges to global supply chains, but it also presents opportunities for innovation and collaboration. By adopting a multi-faceted approach that addresses supply chain vulnerabilities, optimizes demand management, and promotes technological innovation, we can navigate through thiscrisis and emerge stronger and more resilient than before. Together, we can overcome the challenges posed by the chipcrisis and build a more sustainable and prosperous future for all.。
描写机器人的英语作文
Robots have become an integral part of modern technology,transforming various industries and aspects of our daily lives.Heres a detailed composition on robots, exploring their evolution,applications,and potential future developments.Introduction to RobotsRobots are machines designed to execute tasks automatically,often with the ability to interact with their environment.The concept of a robot dates back to ancient times,but it was only in the20th century that they became a reality in the form we recognize today. The term robot was first coined by Czech writer KarelČapek in his1920play R.U.R. Rossums Universal Robots,which depicted artificial beings capable of performing human tasks.Evolution of RoboticsThe evolution of robots can be traced through several key milestones.Early robots were primarily industrial,designed for repetitive tasks such as assembly line work.The first programmable robot,the Unimate,was introduced in1961and revolutionized manufacturing by automating the process of die casting and spot welding.Over time,robots have become more sophisticated,with advancements in artificial intelligence AI and machine learning allowing them to perform more complex tasks. Today,robots are capable of learning from their experiences,making decisions,and even interacting with humans in a more natural way.Applications of RobotsRobots are now used in a wide range of applications across various sectors:1.Industrial Automation:Robots continue to play a crucial role in manufacturing,where they perform tasks such as precision assembly,material handling,and quality control.2.Healthcare:In the medical field,robots assist in surgeries,deliver medication,and even help in patient rehabilitation.3.Domestic Assistance:Home robots perform tasks like cleaning,lawn mowing,and even providing companionship to the elderly.4.Space Exploration:Robots explore environments that are inhospitable to humans,such as deep space or the ocean floor.5.Disaster Response:In emergency situations,robots can enter dangerous areas to assess damage,locate survivors,and assist in rescue operations.itary:Autonomous drones and ground vehicles are used for surveillance, reconnaissance,and combat support.Technological AdvancementsThe integration of AI has been a significant factor in the advancement of robotics.Robots now have enhanced sensory capabilities,allowing them to perceive their surroundings and interact with them more effectively.They can process information,make decisions based on complex algorithms,and even exhibit a level of autonomy.Ethical ConsiderationsAs robots become more advanced,ethical considerations come to the forefront.Issues such as privacy,job displacement,and the potential for misuse of technology are important to address.Ensuring that robots are designed and used responsibly is a challenge that society must face.Future of RoboticsThe future of robotics is promising,with ongoing research and development aimed at creating more intelligent,adaptable,and interactive machines.We can expect to see robots that are capable of performing tasks with greater autonomy,learning from their environment,and even exhibiting emotional intelligence.In conclusion,robots are not just a product of science fiction but a reality that is continuously evolving and expanding.As technology progresses,the role of robots in society will only grow,offering new possibilities and challenges that we must navigate with care and foresight.。
英语作文我摆脱电子设备
英语作文我摆脱电子设备英文回答：Embarking on a digital detox, I bid farewell to the virtual realm and its parasitic grasp on my attention. Untethered from the constant hum of notifications and the siren calls of social media, I ventured into a world where human interaction, introspection, and creativity flourished.The initial withdrawal was not without its challenges. Like an addict deprived of his fix, I felt a pang of unease, an inexplicable longing for the dopamine rush thatelectronic devices so readily provide. However, as days turned into weeks, a profound transformation began tounfold within me. The shackles of digital dependency gradually loosened, replaced by a sense of liberation and newfound purpose.With every hour spent away from my devices, mycognitive abilities sharpened. My focus and concentrationimproved, allowing me to delve deeper into complex subjects and tackle intellectual challenges with greater ease. The constant distractions of the digital world had previously fragmented my thoughts and dissipated my mental energy, but now my mind felt clear, uncluttered, and ready to embark on creative pursuits.Human connection, too, blossomed in the absence of electronic barriers. Freed from the superficiality and performativity of social media, I engaged in meaningful conversations with friends and family, discovering hidden depths and forging stronger bonds. The quality of my relationships deepened as I learned to be fully present in the moment, without the distraction of a screen.Self-awareness and reflection became integral parts of my daily routine. Without the constant bombardment of external stimuli, I had ample time to introspect, to contemplate my thoughts, feelings, and motivations. This newfound self-understanding empowered me to make more conscious choices, guided by my values and inner wisdom, rather than succumbing to the whims of the digital crowd.In the realm of creativity, I experienced a resurgence of inspiration. Freed from the constraints of digital templates and algorithms, my imagination soared. I explored new forms of expression through writing, painting, and music, discovering hidden talents and a newfound joy in the creative process.Of course, the digital detox was not a permanent solution. In today's interconnected world, technology plays an indispensable role in various aspects of our lives. However, by deliberately distancing myself from electronic devices for a period of time, I gained a renewed perspective on their role in my life. I learned to use technology as a tool, rather than allowing it to dictate my existence.中文回答：经过一段数字排毒，我告别了虚拟世界，摆脱了它对自己注意力的寄生性掌控。
英语作文我摆脱电子设备
英语作文我摆脱电子设备英文回答：Getting Rid of Electronic Devices.In today's modern society, electronic devices have become an integral part of our lives. From smartphones to laptops, we rely on these devices for communication, entertainment, and even work. However, I believe that it is important for us to occasionally disconnect from these devices and take a break from the digital world. In this essay, I will discuss the reasons why I choose to get ridof electronic devices and the benefits it brings.First and foremost, constantly being connected to electronic devices can be detrimental to our mental health. The constant notifications, messages, and updates cancreate a sense of anxiety and stress. It is important to have moments of solitude and silence, where we can reflect and recharge without the constant distractions. For example,I recently went on a camping trip and decided to leave my phone behind. It was liberating to be able to fully immerse myself in nature and enjoy the peace and tranquilitywithout any interruptions.Secondly, excessive use of electronic devices can negatively impact our physical health. Sitting for long periods of time while using these devices can lead to a sedentary lifestyle and various health issues such asobesity and back pain. By getting rid of electronic devices, we are forced to engage in physical activities and interact with the real world. As an example, I started taking up hiking as a hobby after realizing how much time I was spending in front of screens. Not only did it improve my physical health, but it also allowed me to discover new places and meet like-minded people.Furthermore, constantly relying on electronic devicesfor entertainment can hinder our creativity and imagination. Instead of using our own minds to come up with ideas and solutions, we often turn to the internet for answers. By disconnecting from these devices, we are forced to thinkoutside the box and find alternative sources of inspiration. For instance, I used to spend hours scrolling throughsocial media for entertainment, but now I spend that time reading books, painting, and exploring new hobbies. Thishas not only sparked my creativity but also given me asense of fulfillment and accomplishment.In conclusion, while electronic devices haveundoubtedly made our lives more convenient and connected,it is important to take breaks from them and find a balance. By disconnecting from these devices, we can improve our mental and physical health, as well as nurture our creativity. So, let's put down our phones and laptops every once in a while and embrace the world around us.中文回答：摆脱电子设备。
闲置机器英语作文
闲置机器英语作文I have a bunch of idle machines lying around in my garage, collecting dust and taking up space. It's such a waste to see them just sitting there, not being used for anything.I've been thinking about what I could do with theseidle machines. Maybe I could sell them to someone who could put them to good use. Or perhaps I could repurpose them for a new project of my own.It's frustrating to see these machines just sitting there, not doing anything productive. I wish I could find a way to make them useful again.I've considered donating the idle machines to a local school or community center. Maybe they could use them for educational purposes or to provide access to technology for those who can't afford it.I really need to figure out what to do with these idle machines soon. They're just taking up space and not serving any purpose at the moment.I wish I had the time and resources to refurbish these idle machines and make them as good as new. It would be such a shame to let them go to waste.。
关于围棋人机大战的英语作文
关于围棋人机大战的英语作文The Epic Clash of Man and Machine: The Riveting Story of the Go ShowdownThe game of Go has long been considered the pinnacle of strategic complexity, a timeless pursuit that has captivated the minds of countless individuals across the globe. For centuries, the ancient Chinese game has been the domain of human brilliance, where the greatest players have demonstrated their mastery of intuition, foresight, and the intricate interplay of black and white stones. However, in recent years, the advent of artificial intelligence has challenged this age-old tradition, pitting the very best human Go players against the unyielding power of machine intelligence.The first significant clash between man and machine in the world of Go came in 1997, when the IBM supercomputer Deep Blue famously defeated the world chess champion Garry Kasparov. This landmark event sent shockwaves through the chess community, raising questions about the limits of human superiority in the face of computational might. Yet, the game of Go remained the bastion of human mastery, a domain in which the subtle nuances and intuitive leaps of the human mind seemed unassailable.That is, until 2016, when a remarkable turn of events unfolded. AlphaGo, an AI system developed by the research company DeepMind, defeated the reigning world Go champion, Lee Sedol, in a best-of-five match. This stunning victory marked a watershed moment in the history of artificial intelligence, as it demonstrated the ability of machines to outperform the most skilled human players in the incredibly complex game of Go.The match between AlphaGo and Lee Sedol captivated audiences around the world, as the two titans of the game engaged in a titanic struggle that spanned several days. The opening game saw AlphaGo's masterful command of the board, as the AI system navigated the intricate patterns and subtle nuances of the game with a level of precision and foresight that left the human champion visibly stunned.As the match progressed, Lee Sedol, a veteran of the game with a lifetime of experience, fought back with a tenacity and ingenuity that showcased the enduring power of the human mind. In the third game, he managed to outmaneuver AlphaGo, securing a hard-fought victory that ignited a sense of hope among Go enthusiasts around the world.However, the AI's adaptability and learning capabilities soon provedto be a formidable challenge for the human player. In the subsequent games, AlphaGo demonstrated a remarkable ability to adjust its strategies and anticipate Lee Sedol's moves, ultimately prevailing in the match with a convincing 4-1 victory.The implications of this historic clash reverberated far beyond the confines of the Go board. The triumph of AlphaGo not only shattered the long-held belief that the game of Go was beyond the reach of artificial intelligence but also sparked a profound reconsideration of the boundaries between human and machine intelligence.In the aftermath of the match, the world's leading Go players, coaches, and researchers grappled with the profound questions raised by this momentous event. How could a machine, devoid of the intuitive leaps and creative spark that had long been the hallmark of human Go masters, outmaneuver the very best that humanity had to offer? What did this mean for the future of the game, and for the broader relationship between humans and machines in the realms of strategy, decision-making, and the pursuit of intellectual mastery?The answers to these questions would not come easily, as the implications of AlphaGo's victory rippled through the entire Go community and beyond. Players and enthusiasts alike found themselves confronted with a new reality, one in which the unassailable supremacy of the human mind had been challengedand, in some cases, surpassed by the relentless power of artificial intelligence.Yet, even as the world marveled at the achievements of AlphaGo, there remained a sense of unease and uncertainty about the long-term implications of this technological breakthrough. Would the advent of AI-powered Go players ultimately lead to the marginalization and irrelevance of human players, or would it spur a new era of innovation and collaboration between man and machine?These questions have continued to fuel the ongoing dialogue surrounding the interplay between human and artificial intelligence in the realm of strategic games and beyond. As the world of Go grapples with the profound implications of the AlphaGo-Lee Sedol match, the broader implications of this landmark event have resonated far and wide, sparking discussions about the future of human-machine interaction in a rapidly evolving technological landscape.。
人工智能失业危机英语作文
The advent of artificial intelligence AI has been a doubleedged sword, bringing with it unprecedented technological advancements and conveniences, yet also casting a shadow of uncertainty over the job market. As a high school student who is keenly aware of the rapid changes in our world, I have observed the growing concerns about AI and its potential to cause an unemployment crisis.The fear is not unfounded. AI has been making strides in areas traditionally dominated by human labor. From selfdriving vehicles to customer service chatbots, the efficiency and precision of AI systems are unmatched. For instance, in the manufacturing sector, automation has already replaced numerous jobs that were once performed by humans. This trend is expected to continue, with some experts predicting that up to 47% of jobs in the United States could be automated within the next two decades.However, the narrative of AI as a jobkiller is not entirely accurate. While it is true that AI can perform certain tasks more quickly and with fewer errors, it also creates new opportunities for employment. The development of AI technologies requires a workforce skilled in areas such as programming, data analysis, and machine learning. As a result, there is a growing demand for professionals who can design, maintain, and improve these systems.Moreover, AI has the potential to augment human capabilities rather than replace them. In the medical field, for example, AI can assist doctors in diagnosing diseases more accurately and quickly, allowing them to focus on patient care and complex decisionmaking. Similarly, in the creative industries, AI can help artists and designers by providing them with newtools and techniques, enhancing their creative output.The key to navigating the AI unemployment crisis lies in education and adaptation. It is essential for schools and universities to incorporate AIrelated subjects into their curricula, preparing students for the jobs of the future. Additionally, lifelong learning should be encouraged, as the skills required in the workforce will continue to evolve.Governments and businesses also have a role to play in mitigating the impact of AI on employment. Policies that support job retraining and reskilling can help workers transition into new roles. For example, the European Union has launched the New Skills Agenda for Europe, which aims to improve digital skills and promote lifelong learning.Furthermore, the ethical implications of AI must be considered. It is crucial to ensure that the benefits of AI are distributed fairly and do not exacerbate existing inequalities. This includes addressing issues such as algorithmic bias and ensuring that AI systems are designed to serve the needs of all people.In conclusion, while the rise of AI does pose challenges to the job market, it also presents opportunities for growth and innovation. By embracing change, investing in education, and fostering a culture of lifelong learning, we can harness the power of AI to create a more prosperous and inclusive future. As a high school student, I am optimistic about the potential of AI to shape the world I will enter, and I am committed to being a part of this exciting journey.。
英语作文摆脱电子设备
英语作文摆脱电子设备In today's digital age, it has become increasingly challenging for individuals to detach themselves from electronic devices. Whether it's smartphones, tablets, laptops, or other gadgets, people are constantly surrounded by technology. While these devices have undoubtedly revolutionized the way we live, work, and communicate, they also come with their fair share of drawbacks. From decreased productivity to addiction and social isolation, the overreliance on electronic devices has become a pressing issue that needs to be addressed.One of the most significant problems associated with the excessive use of electronic devices is the impact it has on productivity and focus. With the constant notifications, alerts, and distractions, it has become increasingly difficult for individuals to concentrate on tasks at hand. Whether it's studying for exams, completing work assignments, or simply engaging in a face-to-face conversation, the presence of electronic devices oftenleads to a lack of concentration and decreased productivity. This not only affects an individual's ability to performwell in their academic or professional endeavors but also hinders their overall quality of life.Moreover, the overuse of electronic devices has also been linked to various health issues, both physical and mental. The sedentary lifestyle that often accompanies excessive screen time can lead to a host of physical ailments, including obesity, eye strain, andmusculoskeletal problems. Additionally, the constant exposure to social media and online content can have a detrimental impact on mental health, leading to increased stress, anxiety, and depression. The pressure to constantly stay connected and be present on social media platforms can take a toll on an individual's overall well-being, leadingto a sense of inadequacy and low self-esteem.Furthermore, the pervasive use of electronic deviceshas also given rise to the issue of addiction, particularly among the younger generation. With the easy access toonline games, social media, and other forms of digitalentertainment, many individuals, especially adolescents, find themselves becoming increasingly reliant on these devices for their daily dose of dopamine. This addiction not only leads to a lack of balance in life but also hinders the development of crucial social and interpersonal skills. The inability to engage in meaningful face-to-face interactions and form genuine connections with others can have long-lasting repercussions on an individual's personal and professional relationships.In addition to the impact on productivity, health, and social relationships, the overreliance on electronic devices also poses a threat to privacy and security. With the increasing prevalence of cybercrime and data breaches, individuals are constantly at risk of having their personal information compromised. From identity theft to online scams, the digital world presents a myriad of threats that can have serious consequences for those who are notvigilant about protecting their online presence. Moreover, the constant tracking and monitoring of online activities by tech companies and advertisers raise concerns about privacy and the ethical use of personal data.Despite the myriad of issues associated with the overuse of electronic devices, there are steps that individuals can take to break free from this dependency. Setting boundaries and establishing designated "device-free" times and spaces can be an effective way to regain control over one's use of technology. Whether it's implementing a "no phones at the dinner table" rule or designating specific hours of the day for digital detox, creating a balance between the virtual and real world is essential for maintaining a healthy lifestyle.Furthermore, engaging in offline activities such as sports, hobbies, and social gatherings can help individuals reconnect with the physical world and form meaningful relationships outside of the digital realm. By immersing oneself in activities that do not revolve around electronic devices, individuals can rediscover the joys of face-to-face interactions and the fulfillment that comes from being present in the moment. Additionally, seeking support from friends, family, or mental health professionals can be beneficial for those who are struggling with addiction orthe negative effects of excessive screen time.In conclusion, while electronic devices have undoubtedly transformed the way we live and interact with the world, the overreliance on these gadgets has given rise to a host of problems that cannot be ignored. From decreased productivity and health issues to addiction and privacy concerns, the pervasive use of technology has had a profound impact on individuals' lives. However, by taking proactive steps to limit screen time, engage in offline activities, and seek support when needed, individuals can break free from the shackles of electronic devices and reclaim control over their lives. It is crucial to strike a balance between the benefits of technology and the need for real-world experiences in order to lead a fulfilling and healthy lifestyle.。
关于军事无人机的英语作文
关于军事无人机的英语作文1. Military drones are changing the way wars are fought. They can gather intelligence, conduct surveillance, andeven carry out targeted strikes without putting human lives at risk.2. The use of drones has raised ethical concerns about the implications of remote warfare and the potential for civilian casualties. Critics argue that the use of drones can lead to a lack of accountability and transparency in military operations.3. Despite these concerns, military drones have provento be effective in targeting and eliminating high-value enemy targets. They have also been used in search andrescue missions, disaster relief efforts, and border patrol operations.4. The development of drone technology continues to advance rapidly, with new models being equipped with moresophisticated sensors, cameras, and weapons systems. This has led to concerns about the potential for drones to be used for surveillance and targeted killings by non-state actors.5. The use of military drones has also sparked debates about the future of warfare and the role of autonomous weapons systems. Some experts argue that the use of drones could lead to a shift towards more remote and impersonal forms of warfare, while others believe that drones could help reduce civilian casualties and limit the scope of conflicts.。
人工智能带来失业的表现英语作文
人工智能带来失业的表现英语作文Artificial intelligence (AI) has undoubtedly brought about significant advancements in various industries, from healthcare to finance to transportation. However, one of the major concerns surrounding AI is its potential to lead to widespread job displacement and unemployment.One of the key ways in which AI is impacting the workforce is through automation. As AI technology continues to improve, more and more tasks that were once performed by humans are being automated. This includes everything from data entry and processing to customer service and even more complex tasks such as medical diagnosis and legal analysis. While this automation can lead to increased efficiency and cost savings for businesses, it also means that fewer human workers are needed to perform these tasks.Another way in which AI is contributing to job loss is through the development of autonomous systems. Autonomous vehicles, for example, have the potential to revolutionize transportation, but they also have the potential to eliminate millions of jobs in industries such as trucking and taxi services. Similarly,AI-powered robots are increasingly being used in manufacturing,agriculture, and retail, replacing human workers in these industries.The rise of AI has also led to concerns about the future of white-collar jobs. For example, AI algorithms are now able to analyze vast amounts of data and make complex decisions in areas such as finance, law, and journalism. While this can lead to more accurate and efficient decision-making, it also raises questions about the future of professions that rely on these skills.Overall, the impact of AI on the job market is a complex and multifaceted issue. While AI has the potential to create new jobs and industries, it also has the potential to lead to widespread job displacement and unemployment. It is crucial for policymakers, business leaders, and workers to address these challenges proactively and develop strategies to ensure that the benefits of AI are shared equitably across society. Only by doing so can we harness the full potential of AI while minimizing its negative impact on the workforce.。
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Predicate Abstraction
Whenever a value is received over the radio, display the last bit on the red LED Events of interest
ReceiveIntMsg.receive, IntOutput.outputDone Modules of interest
Tasks
Push task posted during execution into queue At the end of the symbolic execution, execute all the
tasks in the queue to obtain the final symbolic state
"Interesting" modules, events
FSM Minimizer
Finite State Machine
FSM Generator
FSMGen
Predicate Abstraction
Module
Symbolic Execution Framework
Constraint Solver
Module } …
value&1?
FALSE 15
Generating an FSM
value&1: Unknown
Initial State ReceiveMsg.receive enabled? YES outputDone enabled? NO
FSM Generator
value&1==0
How to distill this information to form a finite state
FSMGen machine? Predicate Abstraction[Graf-Saidi97]
How to ensure the inferred state machine is compact
(message-R>veadl);
…
Off
}
...
command result_t IntOutput.output(uint16_t
{ valuLae)st bit = 1
if (value & 1)
call else
LReedds.redOn();
call LOedns.redOff();
post outputDone();
Deriving Finite State Machines from TinyOS Programs using Symbolic Execution
Nupur Kothari (USC)
Todd Millstein (UCLA), Ramesh Govindan (USC)
1
Overview
Discrepancies between programmer intent and actual
value&1: TRUE ReceiveMsg.receive? NO IntOutput.outputDone? YES
value&1==1 IntOutput.outputDone
value&1==0
value&1==1
value&1: TRUE
ReceiveMsg.receive? YES
IntOutput.outputDone? NO
FSMs helped find previously unknown inconsistencies in 2
components
6
System Overview