Chinese Language history [Indonesian Language]
中国文化介绍英文版Chinese Culture introduction
The commonly used techniques and styles in Chinese painting include ink painting, meticulous painting, freehand brushwork, etc., each with its unique aesthetic value and artistic expression.
Chinese Ceramics and Chinese Knives
Chinese porcelain is most famous for porcelain from Jingdezhen, Longquan Kiln, and other places, with a history dating back to the Tang Dynasty.
03
Buddhism and Zen Buddhism have a deep impact on Chinese culture, including Chinese poetry, calligraphy, painting, music, and folk customs They also spread to other countries and regions in the world
The Origin of Chinese Culture
The origin of Chinese culture can be traced back to the Yellow River basin, which is considered the slogan of Chinese civilization The Yellow River is an important river in China that has nurtured the growth of many urban civilizations
中西语境下华兹生对_史记_文化万象_词的英译
第12卷第3期2012年6月昆明理工大学学报(社会科学版)Journal of Kunming University of Science and Technology Vol.12,No.3Jun.2012收稿日期:2012-05-03基金项目:国家社会科学基金项目“华兹生英译《史记》的翻译诗学生成研究”(10CYY007)阶段性成果;云南省教育厅科学研究基金项目“翻译即重写:华兹生英译《史记》研究”(08Y0097)阶段性成果作者简介:吴涛(1978-),男,云南昆明人,讲师,主要从事翻译理论、典籍英译、文学翻译研究;杨翔鸥(1984-),女,云南昆明人,助教,主要从事美国文学、西方文论研究。
中西语境下华兹生对《史记》“文化万象”词的英译吴涛1,杨翔鸥2(1.昆明理工大学外国语言文化学院,云南昆明650500;2.云南师范大学外国语学院,云南昆明650500)摘要:“文化万象”是文学翻译中翻译家遇到的最大难题之一。
人类语言文化中的“共通性”决定了“文化万象”的“可译性”。
美国汉学家华兹生在英译《史记》“文化万象”词时采用意译、加脚注、替换和改写等方式,尽量保住原文“文化万象”词的内涵。
华兹生《史记》英译文成功地在译语文化语境中重塑了原文在原语文化语境中形象,是受到西方读者喜爱的、利于中华文化传播的经典译作。
华兹生《史记》“文化万象”词翻译的成功经验,对于中国典籍英译具有重要的借鉴和参考意义。
关键词:华兹生;史记;文化万象;英译中图分类号:H059文献标识码:A文章编号:1671-1254(2012)03-0102-07Burton Watson 's English Translations of ExpressionsConcerning Universe of Discourse in The ShiJi :A Study in Cultural Contexts of China and the WestWU Tao ,YANG Xiang -ou(1.Faculty of Foreign Languages and Cultures ,Kunming University of Science and Technology ,Kunming 650500,Yunnan ,China ;2.School of Foreign Languages ,Yunnan Normal University ,Kunming 650500,Yunnan ,China )Abstract :For a literary translator ,translating the Universe of Discourse renders one of the most difficult tasks.The universality of human languages and cultures makes possible the translatability of Universe of Dis-course.American sinologist Burton Watson adopts strategies such as “free translation ”,“footnote ”,“substitu-tion ”,and “rewriting ”to preserve ,to the utmost degree ,the connotations in Universe of Discourse of the origi-nal.Watson's English translation of The ShiJi is a successful remodeling of its original image in target language and culture ,readily accepted and liked by Western readers.His is a translation classic that promotes Chinese cul-ture.The techniques and experiences of Watson's tactful handling of Universe of Discourse of the original are stud-ied in order to provide reliable referential examples for further translation practices of ancient Chinese classics.Key words :Burton Watson ;The ShiJi ;Universe of Discourse ;English translation一、中西语境下典籍外译的“文化万象”问题“文化万象”(Universe of Discourse )这一术语指在特定的话语中被探讨事物的集合。
印度尼西亚华人的历史地位_作用和贡献
2004年9月第3期华侨华人历史研究Overseas Chinese History StudiesSeptember2004No.3印尼华人专题印度尼西亚华人的历史地位、作用和贡献梁立基(北京大学东方学研究院,北京100871)[关键词]印尼民族;文化的多元性和统一性;华人的殊途同归[摘要]华人在印尼的历史已有上千年。
在西方殖民者入侵前,华人与原住民一向和睦相处,对繁荣当地经济做出了重要贡献。
荷兰殖民统治后,大批华人到印尼谋生或被掳掠当劳工,他们全面参与了印尼经济从自然经济向市场经济的过渡并发挥了重要作用。
20世纪,在印尼出现了华人和原住民两种民族觉醒和双轨的民族运动,在争取民族独立的斗争过程中二者逐渐汇合并轨。
印尼独立后,原住民中的/原住民主义0思想抬头,曾出现大规模的经济排华。
/新秩序0时期,/原住民主义0思想变本加厉,对华人采取强制、快速和彻底的同化政策,企图通过消灭华人的/一切特性0以实现完全的/原住民化0,导致1998年的/五月骚乱0和/新秩序0政权的垮台。
印尼进入民主改革时期之后,对华人的历史地位、作用和贡献才有了比较客观和公正的评价。
[中图分类号]D634133412[文献标识码]A[文章编号]1002-5162(2004)03-0023-12On the Historical Position,Roles and Contributions of the Indonesian ChineseLIANG L-i ji(Academy of Oriental Studies,Peking University,Beijing100871,China)Key words:the Indonesian nation;the multiplicity and uniformity of the culture;the sa me goal by different routes of the Indonesian ChineseAbstract:The history of the Chinese in Indonesia has been nearly one thousand years.Before the invasion of western colonizers to Indonesia,the Chinese and the natives coexisted friendly and peacefully,and the Chinese made great contributions to the ec onomic prosperity of Indonesia.After the colonial rule of the Netherlands to Indonesia,a lot of Chinese sought a livelihood or were captured as labor to Indonesia.They participated all-sidedly in the transition of Indonesian economy from the nature to the market and played important roles.Dur-ing the20th century,two types of national awakening and double track national movements arose in Indonesia: one of the Chinese,the other of the native.In the c ourse of seeking the national independence of Indonesia, the two movements collaborated gradually.Since the independence of Indonesia,Nativism began to appear, which caused the great scale exclusion to the C hinese economically.During the period of the Ne w Order,na-tivism was further intensified.The policies of national assimilation to the Chinese were adopted compulsorily,[收稿日期]2004-02-10[作者简介]梁立基(1927-),男,北京大学东方学研究院教授、北京大学印尼)马来研究所所长,主要从事印尼语言、文学和文化研究,著有5印度尼西亚的华马文学6、5世界四大文化与东南亚文学6及5印度尼西亚文学史6(上、下册)等。
Chinese language
• 2.Romanized pronunciation
• 3.homonym: have repetitions in pronunciation but vary in meaning.
Chinese grammar
• Flexibility in sentence structure: (SVO、SOV、ASV 、SV …) • No tense or inflection occurs to verbs (adverbial signifiers, “将”,“要”, “打算”,“正在”,“已经”,“过”…) • Elliptical elements in sentences or conversations: (subjects omitted…,no verb appears…)
大篆 、小篆与隶书
Three stages
• The first stage Dated from the earliest period when Cangjie(仓颉) is said to have produced and recorded Chinese characters. • The second stage When Qinshihuang unified the Chinese written dialects and languages into seal characters. • The third stage At the beginning of the 20th century ,Chinese language was simplified into bai-huawen form.
Chinese language
刘畅
T he de ve lopm e nt of the C hine se la ngua ge
IGCSE包括哪些课程
国际普通教育资格证书IGCSE和英国的GCSE相似,但是他具有更多的国际内容和更高的评估标准,可以使得学习者的升学道路更加顺利。
国际普通教育资格证书IGCS可以在全球80多个国家和英国的私立学校进行学习。
它用拥有64门课程,相当于英国普通中等教育证书(GCSE)的一年级一年级,并广泛地被全球众多大学接受。
它针对14至16岁的学习者,并他们提供所需的技能和知识,可以让学生提升到A级,国际A级,以及大学和就业的学历要求。
目前在很多国家IGCSE的成绩都可以被承认比如说大部分英语授课的国家地区加拿大、美国、英国、新加坡、澳大利亚、新西兰、香港等。
课程结束在经过最后的考核之后,学生的试卷被收到剑桥进行修改。
在经过1-3个月的批改之后,顺利通过考核会收到机构颁发的证书。
最后我就为大家介绍一下ICGSE的可选课程,方便各位考生在选择适合自己的课程时候有一定的了解:AccountingAfrikaans - First LanguageAfrikaans - Second LanguageAgricultureArabic - First LanguageArabic - Foreign LanguageArt and DesignBangladesh StudiesBiologyBusiness StudiesChemistryChild DevelopmentChinese (Mandarin) - Foreign Language Chinese - First LanguageComputer StudiesCzech - First LanguageDesign and Technology Development StudiesDramaDutch - First LanguageDutch - Foreign Language EconomicsEnglish - First LanguageEnglish - LiteratureEnglish - Second Language Environmental ManagementFood and NutritionFrench - First LanguageGeographyGerman - First LanguageGerman - Foreign LanguageGlobal PerspectivesGreek - Foreign LanguageHindi as a Second LanguageHistoryIndonesian - Foreign Language Information and Communication Technology Information TechnologyIsiZulu as a Second LanguageJapanese - First LanguageJapanese - Foreign LanguageKorean (First Language)LatinMathematicsMathematics (with coursework) Mathematics - Additional Cambridge International Mathematics MusicPakistan StudiesPhysical EducationPhysical SciencePhysicsPortuguese - First Language Portuguese - Foreign Language Religious StudiesRussian - First LanguageScience - CombinedSciences - Co-ordinated (Double)SociologySpanish - First LanguageSpanish - Foreign LanguageSpanish - LiteratureThai - First LanguageTravel and TourismTurkish - First LanguageTwenty-First Century Science学通国际课程培训中心自2008年起一直致力于ALEVEL、IGCSE、IB、AP、SAT2等主流国际课程中30多门科目的提分与培优,经11年深耕教学,目前已拥有教师团队80余人,其中20%为博士,80%为名校海归硕士,平均国际课程教龄8年以上,每年为学生提供50000小时以上的高品质课程。
《中国文化》英语教程复习题及答案
I. Chinese Cultural Terms :1.绿茶green tea2.红茶black tea3.乌龙茶oolong tea4.黑茶dark tea5.花茶scented tea6.茉莉花茶jasmine tea7.八大菜系eight major schools of cuisine /8 Regional Chinese Cuisines8.茶道tea ceremony9.茶具tea set10.紫砂壶boccaro teapot11.北京烤鸭Beijing roast duck12.清蒸鱼steamed fish13.狗不理包子Goubili steamed buns14.佛跳墙Buddha Jumping the Wall15.《论语》The Analects16.《诗经》The Book of Songs17.《道德经》Classic of the Way and Virtue18.道家Daoism19.汉字Chinese character20.象形文字pictograph21.甲骨文oracle-bone inscription/ oracle-bone script22.篆文seal character/ seal script23.文房四宝four treasures of study24.丝绸之路the Silk Road25.海上丝绸之路the Maritime silk road26.一带一路倡议The Belt and Road Initiative27.西域the Western regions28.敦煌石窟the Dunhuang Grottoes29.春秋时期the Spring and Autumn Period30.方块象形文字the square-shaped pictographic character31.颜(真卿)体the Yan style32.民间艺术folk arts33.年画New Year pictures34.剪纸paper cutting /papercuts35.皮影戏shadow play36.苏绣Suhou Embroidery37.造纸术paper making38.印刷术printing39.佛经Buddhist scripture40.行书running script /semi-cursive script41.草书cursive script42.楷书regular script/standard script43.隶书official script/ clerical script44.砚the ink slab/ the ink stone; 墨ink stick45.六艺:礼乐射御书数“six arts” : ritual,music,archery, carriage driving , calligraphy , and mathematics46.毛笔the writing brush47.宣纸xuan paper/ rice paper48.中国书法Chinese calligraphy49.简体字:simplified characters50.繁体字complex characters/ traditional characters51.中国结Chinese knots52.佛教Buddhism53.国徽national emblem54.国旗national flag55.国歌national anthemII. Multiple choices (每题三个选项中选一个最佳答案)1)Which of the following is irrelevant to the pictographic symbols of Chinese characters? (下列哪项与汉字的象形符号无关?)___A●Aspiration. 吸●Imagination.想象●Creativity.创造力●Allusion.典故2) Which of the following statements is true of the name of Fudan University(关于复旦大学的名称,下列哪个陈述是正确的?)___D●The characters both stand for "the sun rising on the horizon".这些字符都代表着“太阳在地平线上升起”●The name is taken from a Chinese classical poem.这个名字取自中国古典诗歌●The name encourages the students to get up early in the morning.这个名字鼓励学生早上早起●The characters are intended to tell the students to make progress dayby day.这些字旨在让学生们一天天地进步3) Which of the following languages mostly consists of language pictures(下列语言中哪一种主要由语言图片组成?)? B___●Mandarin Chinese. 普通话●Hieroglyphs of ancient Egypt.古埃及的象形文字●Oracle-bone inscription. 甲骨文●Seal characters.篆书4) The symbol for “swimming”is closest to(“游泳”的符号最接近的是)___.C●oracle-bone inscription甲骨文●Mandarin Chinese普通话●seal characters 篆书●none of the above没有选项5)The symbol for “athletics”contains the ingredients of (“运动”的符号包含了)___.A●dancing and running跳舞、跑步●running and swinging 跑步和摆动●dancing and swinging 跳舞和摆动●triathlon and football铁人三项和足球6)All the following are the titles of Confucius except(以下孔子的头衔除了)___.B●an educator一个教育家● A biologist 一个生物学家● A scholar 有识之士● A philosopher一个哲学家7)The expression “filial piety” most probably means being (“孝”的意思很可能是指)___.D●Loyal to the state忠于国家●Obedient to sister(s) 听姐姐的话●Responsible for the family 对家庭负责●Dutiful to parents孝顺父母8)Which of following can best describe Confucius’ view on the relationship between man and nature (下面哪一个最能说明孔子对人与自然关系的看法?)___.D●Brothers兄弟●Husband and wife 夫妇●Doctor and patient 医生和病人●Mother and son母子9)Through burial and ancestral worship rituals,people can learn that (通过丧葬和祭祖仪式,人们可以了解到。
汉语外来语的发展英语作文
汉语外来语的发展英语作文Chinese loanwords in English have a long history. The word "ketchup" comes from the Chinese word "kôe-chiap." It was brought to England from Southeast Asia by sailors in the 17th century.Today, English has borrowed many words from Chinese, especially in the fields of martial arts, food, and traditional medicine. For example, "kung fu" and "dim sum" are widely used in English.The influence of Chinese culture on the English language is evident in the increasing use of words like "feng shui" and "qi" in everyday conversation. These words have become part of the global lexicon, reflecting the growing importance of Chinese culture on the world stage.The popularity of Chinese cuisine has also contributed to the adoption of Chinese loanwords in English. Words like "tofu," "soy sauce," and "sesame" are now commonly used inEnglish-speaking countries.In recent years, the rise of China as a global economic power has further accelerated the influx of Chinese loanwords into English. Words like "yuan," "renminbi," and "guanxi" are now part of the international business vocabulary.In conclusion, the development of Chinese loanwords in English reflects the deepening cultural and economic ties between China and the English-speaking world. As these ties continue to strengthen, we can expect to see even more Chinese loanwords entering the English language in the future.。
围绕汉字的历史写一篇作文
围绕汉字的历史写一篇作文英文回答:The Chinese written language, with its rich history and cultural significance, stands as a testament to the ingenuity and creativity of the Chinese people. Its origins can be traced back to ancient oracle bone inscriptions, dating back to the Shang dynasty (1600-1046 BC). These inscriptions served as a form of communication between humans and the divine, providing insights into the beliefs and practices of the time.As the Chinese civilization evolved, so too did its written language. During the Zhou dynasty (1046-256 BC), a more standardized system of writing emerged, known as the "seal script." This script was used for official documents and ceremonial purposes, and its complex characters reflected the intricate social hierarchy of the period.The next major development in Chinese writing occurredduring the Qin dynasty (221-206 BC). Emperor Qin Shi Huang, seeking to unify the vast empire under his rule, standardized the written language and introduced a new script known as "small seal." This script, with its simplified and unified characters, facilitated communication and administration across the empire.During the Han dynasty (206 BC-220 AD), the Chinese written language underwent further refinement. The invention of paper and the development of the brush pen revolutionized writing methods, leading to the emergence of a new script called "clerical script." This script, characterized by its cursive and fluid strokes, became widely used for everyday writing and administrative purposes.The centuries that followed saw the continued evolution of Chinese writing. During the Tang dynasty (618-907 AD), the "regular script" emerged, which is still used today as the standard form of Chinese writing. This script, with its clear and legible characters, facilitated literacy and the spread of knowledge throughout the empire.In the Song dynasty (960-1279 AD), the Chinese written language began to take on its modern form. The invention of movable type printing by Bi Sheng revolutionized the dissemination of information, leading to the widespread availability of books and written materials. The development of the "running script," a cursive form of regular script, also emerged during this period, becoming widely used for informal writing and personal correspondence.Throughout its history, the Chinese written language has played a pivotal role in the development of Chinese culture and civilization. It has served as a medium for recording history, transmitting knowledge, and expressing artistic and literary creativity. From the oracle bone inscriptions of the Shang dynasty to the sophisticated characters of modern Chinese, the Chinese written language has witnessed and reflected the vast and varied tapestry of Chinese civilization.中文回答:汉字,作为一种古老而富有文化内涵的书面语言,是中华文明创造力和智慧的结晶。
语文国家历史的作文
语文国家历史的作文English:The history of language and national identity is a deeply intertwined one. Language is not only a means of communication, but also a reflection of the unique culture, customs, and traditions of a nation. The development of a nation's language is often closely tied to its history and political influence. For example, the spread of Latin across Europe during the Roman Empire era not only facilitated communication but also contributed to the unification of diverse regions under one language, laying the foundation for the development of Romance languages in the future. In the context of China, the history of the Chinese language is closely linked to the country's long and rich history. Chinese characters, an ancient writing system with a history of more than 3,000 years, have played a significant role in maintaining the continuity of Chinese culture and tradition, serving as a symbol of Chinese identity both domestically and internationally. Throughout history, different dynasties and rulers have made efforts to promote and standardize the Chinese language, further solidifying its significance in shaping the national identity of China.中文翻译:语言与国家身份认同的历史是深度交织在一起的。
汉字的历史350字作文
汉字的历史350字作文英文回答:The history of Chinese characters is a fascinating journey that spans thousands of years. Chinese characters, also known as hanzi, have a rich and complex history that reflects the evolution of Chinese civilization. The origins of Chinese characters can be traced back to ancient pictographs, which were simple drawings that represented objects or ideas. Over time, these pictographs evolved into more abstract symbols that represented sounds and meanings.One of the earliest examples of Chinese characters can be found on oracle bones, which were used for divination during the Shang Dynasty (1600-1046 BC). These characters were inscribed onto the bones and shells of animals and were used to communicate with the gods. As Chinese civilization developed, so did the complexity of the characters. The invention of brush and ink during the Han Dynasty (206 BC-220 AD) allowed for more intricate andartistic writing.Chinese characters are unique in that they are logographic, meaning that each character represents a whole word or concept. This is in contrast to alphabetic writing systems, such as English, where individual letters represent sounds. The logographic nature of Chinese characters allows for a more compact and efficient writing system, but it also presents challenges for learners. There are over 50,000 characters in the Chinese language, although only around 8,000 are commonly used.The beauty of Chinese characters lies in their ability to convey meaning through their visual form. Each character is composed of strokes, which are the basic building blocks of the characters. The strokes can be combined in different ways to create new characters, and the order and direction of the strokes are important in determining the meaning of the character. For example, the character for "mountain" (山) is composed of three horizontal strokes, while the character for "river" (江) is composed of three vertical strokes.Chinese characters have had a profound impact on Chinese culture and society. They are not just a means of communication, but also a form of art and expression. Calligraphy, the art of writing Chinese characters, ishighly regarded and has been practiced for centuries. Chinese characters are also an integral part of Chinese literature, poetry, and philosophy. They have been used to record history, convey wisdom, and express emotions.中文回答:汉字的历史是一个跨越数千年的迷人之旅。
高考英语国家名词及形容词中英文 带音标
高考英语国家名词及形容词中英文带音标Country/n_________ [___'ɡænistæn]Person/Language (Adj.)___ ['æfgæn]CapitalKabul ['kɑ:bəl。
kə'bu:l]______Algeria [æl'dʒɪərɪə]Person/Language (Adj.)Algerian [æl'dʒɪərɪən]______Argentina [,ɑ:dʒən'ti:nə] Person/Language (Adj.) Argentinian [,a:dʒən'tiniən]Australia___Australia [ɔ'streiljə] Person/Language (Adj.) Australian [ɔ'streiljən] CapitalCanberra ['kænbərə]Austria___Austria ['ɔstriə]Person/Language (Adj.) Austrian ['ɔstriən] Capital___ [vi'enə]______Belgium ['beldʒəm] Person/Language (Adj.) ___ ['beldʒən]CapitalBrussels ['brʌslz]Brazil___Brazil [brə'zil] Person/Language (Adj.) ___ [brə'ziljən] CapitalBrasilia [brə'ziliə]Canada___Canada ['kænədə] Person/Language (Adj.)Canadian [kə'neɪdiən] CapitalOttawa ['ɔtəwə]China___China ['tʃaɪnə] Person/Language (Adj.) Chinese ['tʃaɪni:z] CapitalBeijing [bei'dʒiŋ]Cuba___Cuba ['kju:bə]Person/Language (Adj.) ___ [']Colombia___Colombia [kə'lʌmbiə] Person/Language (Adj.) Colombian [___'lʌmbiən]_________ ['___:k]Person/Language (Adj.) ___ ['deɪnɪʃ]Egypt___Egypt ['i:dʒɪpt]Person/Language (Adj.) ___ [i'dʒɪpʃən]______Finland ['finlənd] Person/Language (Adj.)Finnish ['fɪnɪʃ]______France [fræns] Person/Language (Adj.) French [frentʃ] CapitalParis ['pærɪs]______Germany ['dʒɜ:___] Person/Language (Adj.) ___ ['dʒɜ:mən] Capital___ ['bɜ:lɪn]Greece______ [ɡ___:s]Person/Language (Adj.) ___ [ɡ___:k]_________ ['hʌŋɡəri]Person/Language (Adj.) Hungarian [hʌŋ'ɡeəriən]India___India ['ɪndiə]Person/Language (Adj.) Indian ['ɪndiən]Italy___Italy ['itəli]Person/Language (Adj.)Italian [i'tæljən]U.K.___U.K。
一个汉字的历史作文
一个汉字的历史作文英文回答:The Chinese character, with its rich history and profound cultural significance, is an integral part of the tapestry of Chinese civilization. Its development has spanned centuries, weaving together elements of ancient scripts, artistic expression, and philosophical thought.The origins of the Chinese character can be traced back to the late Neolithic period (c. 5000-3000 BCE), when early humans in China began to use simple symbols to represent objects, ideas, and sounds. These symbols, known as "oracle bone scripts," were inscribed on animal bones or turtle shells and used for divination, the practice of seeking guidance from supernatural spirits.Over time, these early symbols evolved into more complex forms, gradually acquiring phonetic and semantic components. By the Shang dynasty (c. 1600-1046 BCE), theChinese character system had developed into a sophisticated writing system, with a vast repertoire of characters representing both objects and abstract concepts.The Zhou dynasty (c. 1046-256 BCE) marked a period of significant innovation in the Chinese character system. The introduction of writing on silk and bamboo slipsfacilitated the transmission and exchange of ideas, leading to the development of standardized forms of characters. The "Six Scripts" classification system, created during this period, categorized characters into six primary types based on their structure and origins.The Warring States period (475-221 BCE) witnessed further advancements in the Chinese character system. Philosophers such as Confucius and Laozi employed characters as vehicles for conveying their profoundinsights into human nature and the cosmos. The development of cursive script, a more fluid and expressive form of writing, allowed for faster and more efficient communication.The Qin dynasty (221-206 BCE) ushered in a period of political and cultural unification, during which the standardization of the Chinese character system was undertaken by the first emperor, Qin Shi Huang. The adoption of the so-called "small seal" script as theofficial script of the empire ensured a consistent form of writing throughout the vast territories of China.The Han dynasty (206 BCE-220 CE) was a golden age for Chinese literature and scholarship. The invention of paper and the development of printing techniques facilitated the widespread dissemination of knowledge and ideas. The proliferation of calligraphic styles, each characterized by its unique aesthetic qualities, elevated the Chinese character to an art form.Throughout subsequent dynasties, the Chinese character system continued to evolve, with new characters being created and existing characters being modified to reflect changing needs and contexts. The borrowing of characters to represent foreign sounds and concepts during the Tang dynasty (618-907 CE) further enriched the Chinese characterrepertoire.In the modern era, the Chinese character system has faced challenges posed by the advent of technological advancements and globalization. The development ofsimplified characters in mainland China and theintroduction of pinyin, a romanization system for Chinese characters, have aimed to make the Chinese language more accessible and adaptable to contemporary needs.Despite these changes, the Chinese character remains a fundamental thread in the fabric of Chinese culture. It isa repository of knowledge, history, and artistic expression, connecting the present with the past and serving as a testament to the enduring legacy of Chinese civilization.中文回答:汉字,作为一个历史悠久的文化载体,是中华文明不可或缺的一部分。
关于汉字历史研究的英语作文
关于汉字历史研究的英语作文The History of Chinese Characters: A Linguistic Exploration.The history of Chinese characters, constituting the written system of the Chinese language, is an intricate and fascinating narrative that spans millennia. Originating from rudimentary pictograms, the characters have evolved through various stages, each marked by distinct advancements and transformations. The evolution of Chinese characters offers invaluable insights into the cultural, linguistic, and historical development of Chinese civilization.Origins and Early Development:The earliest evidence of Chinese characters dates back to the Shang dynasty (c. 1600-1046 BCE), discovered on oracle bones and bronze inscriptions. These early characters were simple pictograms, iconic representationsof objects or concepts. They primarily served as aids for divination and record-keeping purposes.Bronzeware Script and the Standardization of Characters:During the late Shang and Western Zhou dynasties (c. 1046-771 BCE), the bronzeware script emerged, characterized by more elaborate and stylized forms. The standardizationof characters gained momentum during this period, as characters were increasingly used for administrative and literary purposes.Seal Script and the Unification of Writing:The seal script, developed during the Warring States period (475-221 BCE), witnessed a notable leap forward inthe standardization and simplification of characters. The seal script played a crucial role in unifying the written language across the various feudal states, paving the wayfor the Qin dynasty's subsequent unification of China.Clerical Script and the Spread of Literacy:The clerical script, emerging during the Han dynasty (206 BCE-220 CE), marked a significant departure from the seal script. It featured more cursive and simplified characters, aiding in the spread of literacy and the proliferation of written materials.Regular Script and the Standardization of Calligraphy:The regular script, developed during the Tang dynasty (618-907 CE), is considered one of the most prominent and widely used forms of Chinese characters. It is characterized by its clarity, balance, and well-defined strokes. The Tang dynasty also witnessed the flourishing of calligraphy as an art form, further refining and codifying the aesthetics of Chinese writing.Later Developments and the Influence of Printing:In subsequent dynasties, Chinese characters continued to undergo subtle changes. The invention of printing during the Song dynasty (960-1279 CE) revolutionized thedissemination of written materials, leading to the proliferation of characters and the emergence of new variations and styles.Modernization and the Simplification of Characters:In the 20th century, efforts were undertaken to modernize and simplify Chinese characters to facilitate literacy and promote standardization across the country. The Simplified Chinese character set, developed in the 1950s, streamlined many traditional characters, making them easier to read and write.Conclusion:The history of Chinese characters is a rich and multifaceted narrative that reflects the cultural, linguistic, and technological evolution of Chinese civilization. From their humble origins as pictograms to their intricate and standardized forms, Chinese characters have been instrumental in shaping the development of Chinese society and the dissemination of knowledge. Theongoing evolution of Chinese characters serves as a testament to their enduring significance and the dynamism of the Chinese language.。
无问东西_全球一家——_对话印尼和西班牙青年文化使者
—A Conversation with Cultural Ambassadors of Indonesian and Spanish Youth对话印尼和西班牙青年文化使者——————作者:张珺竹 Tuti Walandari Bin Ahma 光洁 Lucía García Díaz 翻译:李睿 Li RuiTuti Walandari Bin Ahma, 汉语名张珺竹,就读于印尼哈山努丁大学文学院,2022年获“中央广播电视总台联合国汉语日青年文化使者”称号,擅长手工制作,热爱汉语诗歌和国画。
她说:“学习汉语,其乐无穷。
”Tuti Walandari Bin Ahma, known by her Chinese name Zhang Junzhu, is presently studying at the Faculty of Cultural Sciences at Hasanuddin University in Indonesia. She was honored with the title of “Y outh Cultural Ambassador” for the 2022 UN Chinese Language Day by the China Media Group. She is skilled in handcrafting and has a passion for Chinese poetry and traditional painting. In her words, “The process of learning Chinese is a never-ending source of delight.”Lucía García Díaz, 中文名光洁,出生于西班牙的托莱多市,今年17岁。
2022年获“中央广播电视总台联合国中文日青年文化使者”称号,2021年获得“‘汉语桥’全球中学生中文比赛”总冠军。
用英语推荐外国朋友选修汉语的作文
Revealing the Richness of Chinese Language:A Must-Have for Global LearnersIn the age of globalization, where cross-cultural communication is becoming increasingly significant, the acquisition of the Chinese language stands out as a unique and invaluable skill. For foreign friends considering elective courses, I strongly recommend embracing the challenge and delving into the rich tapestry of Chinese language and culture.Chinese, the oldest continuously spoken language in the world, offers a gateway to understanding one of the oldest and most profound civilizations. It's not just a language; it's a bridge to history, art, philosophy, and modern society. By learning Chinese, you open yourself to a world of ancient poems, calligraphy, and traditional music, all of which are integral to the Chinese identity.Moreover, China's economic ascendancy in recent decades has made it a key player in global affairs. Business, technology, and international relations are increasingly intertwined with China, making proficiency in Chinese a competitive edge. Understanding the language can provide adeeper understanding of Chinese business culture, negotiation styles, and market dynamics.Learning Chinese also fosters cultural empathy and respect. It helps to dismantle stereotypes and misconceptions, replacing them with a nuanced understanding of Chinese values and ways of life. Such understanding is crucial in building bridges of understanding and cooperation in a diverse and interconnected world.Additionally, the joy of language learning itself is an inestimable reward. Chinese, with its unique characters and tone system, challenges the learner to think differently about language structures and vocabulary. The sense of accomplishment and personal growth that comes from mastering a new language is immeasurable.In conclusion, I strongly recommend that foreignfriends consider taking up Chinese as an elective. It is not only a skill that can enhance your professional profile but also a window to a rich and fascinating culture. As the world becomes more interconnected, the ability to speak Chinese will become increasingly relevant and valuable.Embrace the challenge, and open yourself to the remarkable world of Chinese language and culture.**揭开汉语的丰富内涵:全球学习者的必备之选** 在全球化的时代,跨文化交流变得日益重要,掌握汉语成为一项独特且宝贵的技能。
中国文化五十话题--中英翻译
Topic 1 文化概述在中国五千年的文明史上,中国人有无数的发明和创造,如汉字、中医、丝绸、瓷器(porcelain)、指南针、造纸术、印刷术和火药(gunpowder)。
这些独特的发明和创造是中国人对世界文明的伟大贡献,证明中华民族是一个富于原创性的民族。
与此同时,中国人又有一种开放的胸怀,欢迎远方来的朋友,并以极高的热情吸收和包容外来的文化。
大唐盛世和明代郑和七下西洋都表明,中华文明具有开放性和包容性。
Over a history of 5 000 years, Chinese people have produced numerous inventions. These unique inventions, including Chinese characters, traditional Chinese medicine, silk, porcelain, compass, papermaking, printing and gunpowder, are significant contributions Chinese made to the global civilization, proving that the Chinese nation is full of creativity. In the meanwhile, the Chinese people have always kept an open mind toward foreign friends and absorbed foreign cultures with great enthusiasm. Both the prosperity of Tang Dynasty and Zheng He’s seven long voyages to the West Seas in Ming Dynasty demonstrate the openness and inclusiveness of Chinese culture.Topic 2 四大发明说到中国古代的科技文明,就不能不说四大发明(the Four Great Inventions)。
汉语已经有6000多年的历史,英语小作文
汉语已经有6000多年的历史,英语小作文汉字是记录汉语的文字,它已有六千年左右的历史,它是世界使用人口最多的语言,是世界上最古老的文字之一.Chinese characters,a form of writing that’s over 6000 years old,are the tools used for recording in the Chinese language.It is also one of the world’s most commonly-used and ancient text. 人类在长期的实践中,既创造了光辉灿烂的历史,又积累了无比丰富的文化知识,它们依靠文字得以保存至今.作为记录、保存、传播知识的工具——Throughout human history,we ,as a species,have built glorious empires and accumulated rich cultural knowledge through millennium of toil and experiments.History and knowledge have only survived because of the existence of writing.Therefore,as the solemn tool for recording,preserving,and distributing knowledge——文字,对人类文明的进步,推动社会的进步和发展,起了不可埋没的贡献.中文——作为一个民族的母语,中文是当今世界流行语言体系里最大的一个分支.是东方文明的一种标志与成果,是人类用来精确命名与定义万事万物的一种重要信息载体.体系包括几千个常用单字和上万个字词成语,Writing,must be commemorated as a key contributor to theevolution,development and advancement of human civilization. Chinese —— as the mother tongue of a great nation —— has become the most commonly used modern language.It is a symbol and pride of eastern civilization.It is used to name and classify all things in the world,as well as to carry the information in a precise and accurate fashion.In its entirety,Chinese includes thousands of common characters and tens of thousands of phrase,most of which originate from ancient dynasties.现代汉语是由古代汉语发展而日益丰富起来的,但在各地区是不平衡的,因此产生了不少方言土话,差异较多现代汉语共同语是以北方方言为基础方言,以北京语音为标准音,以典范的白话文著作为语法规范的现代汉语普通话.本文有关叙述皆使用汉语拼音标音.Modern Chinese is derived from ancient Chinese and have been enriched (and modified) as it pass down generations,but this enrichment occurs unevenly in different regions.Thus,many local dialects are created.However,out of the many dialects,modern Chinese is mostly based on the language of Northern China.With the Beijing dialect as its pronunciation foundation and the classic PaiHua literature as its grammar standard,Mandarin has become the official language of China.This article aims to describe the form and usage ofMandarin PinYin,a set of Chinese phonetic spelling.。
汉字历史的报告作文200字
汉字历史的报告作文200字英文回答:The history of Chinese characters is a fascinatingtopic that spans thousands of years. Chinese characters, also known as Hanzi, have a rich and complex history that reflects the evolution of the Chinese language and culture.The origins of Chinese characters can be traced back to ancient pictographs. These early characters were simple drawings that represented objects or ideas. For example, the character for "sun" was originally a circle with a dot in the middle, resembling the shape of the sun. Over time, these pictographs evolved into more abstract symbols that represented not just objects, but also concepts and sounds.One of the most important developments in the history of Chinese characters was the invention of the brush and ink. This allowed for the creation of more intricate and expressive characters. The art of calligraphy, whichinvolves writing characters with a brush, became highly valued in Chinese culture. Calligraphy is not only a form of writing, but also a form of art, with its own set of rules and techniques.Chinese characters also have a unique system ofradicals and components. Radicals are basic elements that give clues to the meaning or pronunciation of a character. For example, the radical for "water" appears in characters related to water, such as "river" and "rain". Components are smaller parts of characters that can be combined to form new characters. This system of radicals and components allows for the creation of new characters and the understanding of their meanings.In addition to their practical use in writing, Chinese characters also have cultural significance. Many Chinese idioms and proverbs are based on characters or have characters as their central theme. For example, the idiom "一心一意" (yī xīn yī yì) means "wholeheartedly" and is composed of the characters for "one," "heart," and "mind". These idioms and proverbs not only convey wisdom and moralvalues, but also showcase the beauty and depth of the Chinese language.中文回答:汉字的历史是一个引人入胜的话题,跨越了数千年。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。
Chinese Languagebangsa cina telah berimigrasi ke perbagai belahan dunia semenjak tahun 1380 an, kebanyakan dari mereka bukanlah orang bei jing [baca: pei cing], akan tetapi dari orang cantonese dan southern fujianese [biasa diIndonesia dikenal dengan sebutan hokkien] mereka melakukan perdagangan di selatan RRC dan samudera hindia.yang kemudian pada masa koloni sekitar abad 19, karena masalah kemiskinan diprovinsi guangdong[baca: kuang tung. english - Kanton] dan provinsi fu jian[baca: fu cien. atau biasa dikenal dengan sebutan Hokkien] maka mereka keluar dari daratan china untuk bekerja.orang dari provinsi Hokkien [khususnya hokkien selatan] banyak yang memilih bekerja di asia tengara [semenjak Dinasti ming - sekitar tahun 1400] dan sebagian Cantonese juga memilih asia tenggara.maka itu kita bisa melihat bahwa banyak chinese di singapore didominasi oleh fucienese [hokkienese], sedangkan di malaysia dan Indonesia [banyak yang berbahasa fucianese dan cantonese] dan orang orang chinese tersebut bukanlah berbahasa ibu Mandarin atau chinese language.orang kanton [guang dong, baca: kuang tung] ini adalah berbahasa Cantonese,bahasa yang digunakan di香港, [xiang gang, baca: siang kang]澳門, [ao men]中山. [zhong shan, baca: cung shan]berlokasi di Eastern Canton, western Canton, hongkong, makao.sedangkan bahasa southern hokkien [chinese read it as fu jian, baca: fu cien]mereka berbahasa southern Min [bahasa min selatan], diindonesia disalah persepsikan sebagai Hokkien, padahal hokkien adalah provinsi, yang mana dalam provinsi hokkien sendiri ada lebih dari 5 bahasa yang berbeda sama sekalidigunakan disana.jadi kalo diindonesia mengatakan "saya berbahasa hokkien" maksudnya merekaadalah "saya berbahasa Min selatan". bukan hokkien.sekarang masih digunakan di daerah泉州, [quan zhou, baca: chuen cou]廈門, [xia men, baca: sia men]漳州[zhang zhou, baca: cang cou]plus satu lagi diindonesia juga dikenal sebagai KHE. mereka ini adalah bangsa HAKKA disebutnya. [ha ka people], bangsa hakka sendiri memiliki lebih dari 4 jenis bahasa hakka, yang mana diantaranya agak berbeda, dan bisa terjadi kesalahpahaman jika komunikasi dilakukan dengan bahasa masing masing.jadi chinese language[普通話-common language] atau bahasa Mandarin[官話] bukanlah bahasa ibu mereka.mandarin berasal dari belahan utara RRC.lalu kenapa bisa dipilih mandarin sebagai bahasa negara[ditaiwan disebut 國語/national language]? masih belum jelas juga, yang pasti mulai dinasti Ming [1368-1644] dan dilanjut pada dinasti QING [baca : Ching - 1644-1912] barulah bahasa Mandarin digunakan oleh masarakat china sampai sekarang. kata Mandarin sendiri disalah persepsikan oleh bangsa portugis dari bahasa sansekerta : Mantri / Mentri yang memang pada saat itu Chinese language disebut 官話[bisa diartikan minister language, the speech used at the courts - bahasa yang digunakan di pengadilan]["Mandarin" originally referred to the standard language based on the imperial court in Beijing]mandarin itu sendiri pada awalnya berasal dari Beijing.[kota di belahan utara china].yang mana untuk kebiasaan mereka berbicara memang memiliki ke-khas-an tersendiri didalam pelafalan. memang diakui bahwa orang selatan lebih tidak merujuk pada pelafalan chinese Mandarin language, dikarenakan memang mandarin atau beijing language ini bukanlah bahasa ibu mereka, dan didaratan China sendiri, dianggap bahwa bahasa ini adalah bahasa orang utara. [北方]Di China, selain bei jing [bc: pei cing] terdapat kota lain yang menjadi sorotan dunia,misalnya bisa kita ambil contoh 上海- shang hai[yang berada di Selatan mengarah ke timur secara geografis],di shang hai sendiri, bahasa mandarin akan terdengar berbeda sedikitatau memiliki ciri khasnya tersendiri dibandingkan bei jing,demikian pula di guang dong [eng: kanton].maka itu mereka [di China]membuat standarisasibahasa Chinese yangtepatyang berdasarkanpada perbahasaanBeijing.[based on Bei jingdialect]"STANDARISASI"namun demikian,sangat disayangkansekali, padakenyataannya, jikakita tiba di beijingsana, banyak dari mereka yang berbicara bahasa Mandarin yang jauh dari apa yang mereka standarisasikannya sendiri saat mereka menggunakan bahasa itu, <span>terlalu ngasal menggunakan 儿化词[penggunaan"er"]</span>yang mana pada dasarnya 兒化詞/儿化词[penggunaan er] memiliki aturan penggunaannya sendiri. sampai sekarangpun warga Beijing masih demikian adanya.sedangkan di China sendiri, tidak seluruh atau semua masarakat cina menggunakan bahasa mandarin dalam kehidupan sehari hari mereka.Comparison used words in China and Taiwan普通話-common language atau pu tong hua -baca: phu thong hua,yang disahkan olehDepartemen Pendidikan di Chinapada tahun 1955,dengan sebutan pu tong hua ini.diterangkan sebagai berikut:"Putonghua is the common spoken language of the modern Han group, the lingua franca of all ethnic groups in the country. The standard pronunciation of Putonghua is based on the Beijing dialect, Putonghua is based on the Northern dialects [i.e. the Mandarin dialects], and the grammar policy is modeled after the vernacular used in modern Chinese literary classics."dalam bahasa Chinese:"普通话就是现代汉民族共同语,是全国各民族通用的语言。