Chapter 2-Inquiries and Replies
国际商务函电Chapter one
Standard Parts
Optional Parts
1.Letterhead 信头
外贸(公司)商号的信笺,一般都印有信头, 外贸(公司)商号的信笺,一般都印有信头, 包括写信人的公司名称、地址、电话号码、 包括写信人的公司名称、地址、电话号码、 传真号及E mail等 有些会将经营项目, 传真号及E-mail等,有些会将经营项目, 注册商标和公司董事、 注册商标和公司董事、经理等姓名一并印 在信头上。如需打印, 在信头上。如需打印,则信头位于信笺上 中央或右上方。 中央或右上方。 地址的排列应由小到大。 地址的排列应由小到大。
5.The body of the letter 正文
书信的主体,表达发信人的意见。 书信的主体,表达发信人的意见。在信的 开头有开头语( Sentences),自成 开头有开头语(Opening Sentences),自成 一节, 一节,在习惯上是用客套语先将收到对方 的来信的日期、编号或查号、 的来信的日期、编号或查号、主题及简单 内容加以综合叙述, 内容加以综合叙述,使对方一目了然这封 信是答复哪一封去信的。如果是第一次通 信是答复哪一封去信的。 信也可以利用开头语作必要的自我介绍。 信也可以利用开头语作必要的自我介绍。
We are in the market for silk blouses and should be pleased if you could kindly quote us your keenest prices for the goods below. Offer, quotation , order, counteroffer L/C , CIF , FOB YL11/11RVD S/C123 L/C UNRCV PLSRUSH
外贸英语函电unit3Enquiries
Strategies and Techniques for Counteroffer
Use concessions strategically
Be prepared to make concessions in areas that are less important to you in order to secure a better deal in areas that are more important.
Politeness
Use polite language and a friendly tone to create a positive impression.
Tips and strategies for responding to inquiries
Example analysis: Successfully replied to inquiry
02
Inquiries and Replies
VS
An inquiry is a request for information or clarification regarding a product, service, or other business matter.
Classification
01
introduction
Purpose and background
The purpose of this unit is to introduce the concept and importance of inquiries in foreign trade, as well as to provide guidelines for writing effective inquiries in English.
Unit 2 Inquiries and Offers
Words and Expressions
CFR (Cost and Freight…named port of destination) 成本加运费价
The seller must pay the costs and freight necessary to bring the goods to the named port of destination but the risk of loss of or damage to the goods, as well as any other costs is transferred from the seller to the buyer when the goods pass the ship’s rail at the port of shipment.
inquiry
An inquiry is a request for information. First real step in business negotiation Two categories: A general inquiry(一般询 盘) and a specific inquiry(具体询盘)
as per: according to
Words and Expressions
proforma invoice: invoice that gives details of goods that have been sent, but does not request payment 形式发票 hard copy: copy that is readable without the use of a special device 硬拷贝(不用借助专门 设备进行阅读的文件) in quadruplicate 一式四份
Unit 3 Enquiries and Replies
询盘可分为
• • General enquiry 一般询盘 Specific enquiry 具体询盘
General enquiry 一般询盘 这种询价并不一定立即接触具体交易,一般属 摸底性质,通常是买方向卖方询问产品的一般信 息。其内容包括:1)请寄某种商品的样品、目 录及价格表;2)探寻某种商品的品质、价格、 数量、交货期等。 Specific enquiry 具体询盘 请求对方报盘,也就是说,买方已经准备购买某 种或某几种商品,或已有现成买主,请卖方就这 一商品报价。
Price: 如果跟对方谈价格,表示出优惠时, 一般会用到以下的几 种表达法: competitive(竞争的) suitable/reasonable/in line(合适的) favourable(优惠的) workable(可行的) realistic( 实在的)
• 4. representative [repri'zentətiv] • n. 代表, 众议员, 典型 • That representative brought forth an amendment to the press law.
Inquiries and Replies
Chapter Three
询盘及答复
Objectives 通过本章的学习,大家需掌握:
询盘的定义及种类
询盘信函的撰写
询盘信函中常用的专业词汇及句型
Definition of an enquiry: An enquiry is a request for information. In the international business, the importer may send an enquiry to an exporter, inviting a quotation and or an offer for the goods he wishes to buy or simply asking for some general information about these goods.
商务英语写作询盘与回复
preferably in the order posed.
4. Include any necessary details that the reader may
need to know about products or services.
5. Use sales opportunities when appropriate. 5. 5.
2 How does the first paragraph in each letter begin?
3 Does each letter include necessary explanations about its purpose?
…………
精品ppt
12
Part 2
询盘用语
1、询盘 Enquiry
23、式样 Style
24、设计 Design
25、模型 Model
26、花样 Pattern
精品ppt
14
P43 therein = in that
是商业信件、公文等正式文件中常用的副词,
做状语。类似结构的词有很多,各有不同的意思 , 如下所示:
herein = in this
herewith: = with this在此
Please quote us all the items listed in the enclosed inquiry form, giving your prices CIF Shanghai. Will you please also indicate delivery time, your terms of payment and discount details for regular purchases
新编函电课后答案第2单元到第4单元
新编商务英语函电练习答案Unit 2 The Structure and Styles of BusinessLetters1.A rrange the following information in a proper form as they should be set out in a business letter(Omitted)2.R ead the following letter and try to point out the problems in this letter1)The writing and position of the date arewrong. The date should be spelt like “June 7th, 2006”.2)The position of “attention”is notcorrect. The attention line should be placed above the salutation line in a letter. But in this letter, there is not need to write attention line, for the insideaddress indicates that this letter is only addressed to that Department.3)Dear Sirs should be changed into“ Dear Clara J. Smith4)Delete the “Best wishes” line.3.F ill in each of the blanks in the following letter with an appropriate word or expressions given in the box.1.s et2. attention3. comparable4. but5. appreciate6. fresh7. dependable4.W riting PracticeDear Mr. Liu,Thank you for your letter in which you ask me to tell you about ways to keep your letter a neat appearance.There are some ways to help us to keep letters a clear and neat appearance, andthey usually vary to a great extent, but the following are some well-accepted guidelines: ●Leave a good margin on both sides (2-5cm) and on top and bottom (3-5cm);●Use quality paper for both your letter and envelope;●Use a good printer, preferably a laser printer, to achieve the best position effect;●Eliminate spelling mistakes and use good English.Hope that these can help you a lot.If you have any questions, please let me know.Yours sincerelyZhang LuyuanUnit 3 Establishing Business Relations1. Put the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese or vice versa.(1) 工艺(2) 目录(3) 领事(4) 价格单(5) 专营(6) 促进……销售(7) by separate mail (8)to enter into…relations with…(9) in compliance with their requirements (9) to open up a market in China(11) stable financial status (12) to enjoy high popularity2. Fill in the blanks of the following letters with the words given below, and change the form when necessary.1 owe2 informed3 interested4 establish5 purpose6 opportunity7 specializing 8 reputation9 proposal3. Complete the following sentences with the Chinese given in the brackets.(1)would like to establish business relations with your company(2)take immediate measures(3)place large and regular orders(4)known for their superior quality and fine workmanship; both at home and abroad(5)take this opportunity; specializing in electronic equipment(6)by the commencement of some practical transactions(7)We owe your name and address to the Commercial Counselor’s Office of the Chinese Embassy in your country(8)We would like to introduce our company as one of the leading exporter ofsilk products(9)in close contact with all the distributors here4. Translate the following letter into English.Dear Sirs,We owe your name and address to the Commercial Counselor’s office of the Chinese Embassy in Paris, through whom we understand that you are interested in doing business in China.We take this opportunity to introduce ourselves as one of the important dealers in the line of communication equipment in China for many years. We should appreciate your catalogues and quotations of your products, and we shall gladly study the sales prospects in our market.We will appreciate your early reply.Yours faithfully,5. Writing practiceDear Sirs,From the Chamber of Commerce of Beijing, we have come to know the name and address of your firm and we shall be pleased to enter into business relations with you.We specialize in the exportation of various electric machines which have enjoyed great popularity in the world market. At present, we mainly supply machines made in China at competitive prices.We send you separately by airmail a copy ofthe latest catalog. Please let us know if there are any items, which are of interest to you and we look forward to receiving from you specific enquiries.Yours faithfully,Unit 4 Inquiries and Replies1. Put the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese or vice versa.(1) 特别折扣(2) 最新价格单(3) 现金支付(4) 形式发票(5) 回应(6) 宣传册(7) supply from stock (8) enclosed (9) bulk transactions (10) business scope(11) sold items (12) operating instructions2. Fill in the blanks of the following letterswith the words given below, and change the form when necessary.1interested 2 obliged3 quotation4 inform5 purchase6 prefer7 quantities 8 discount9 convinced3. Complete the following sentences with the Chinese given in the brackets.(1) the most well-known producer of sweaters for ladies and men(2) enclosing our latest illustrated catalogue and price list(3) pay by irrevocable L/C at sight(4) information on our other products(5) their superior quality and competitive prices; help you enlarge your market shares (6) can supply from stock; the lowest quotation FOB Shanghai(7) are interested in your products; have your quotations for the following items(8) since the date of receiving the order(9) sending you the pro form invoice in quadruplicate(10) not binding on our party4. Translate the following letter into English.Dear Sirs,Microwave oven SU472Thank you for your fax of June 17 requesting us to offer firmly our Microwave oven SU472. This morning we faxed to offer you 3000 sets of SU472 Microwave Oven at ________US dollars per set FOB Shanghai, shipped in August and September. This offer is firm, subject to acceptance by July 20.Please note we offered you the most favorable price and are unable to entertain any counter offer.As regards SU472 Microwave oven, we would like to inform you that we have made other offers for the current stock. However, if you give us an acceptable price, you are likely to get them.You know well that recently the raw material prices have been increasing sharply and this will definitely cause the prices of microwave oven to rise. Therefore, you will benefit from this increase if you make a prompt reply.Yours faithfully,5. Writing practiceSituational writing 1Dear Sirs,We are a company that imports and exports hardware products and we have enclosed our company’s brochure for your reference.We have learned from one Spanish company of the same trade that you are a producer of hardware items in Italy. We are interested in the hardware products made in Italy, for there is a steady demand in our market for them.We will be appreciative if you send us a copy of your latest catalogue and price list, with details of your price, terms of payment, discount policies, and range of your products.We look forward to hearing from you soon.Yours faithfully,Situational writing 2Dear Mr. John,We thank you for your inquiry of June 23 and are pleased to send you our latest illustrated catalogue and price list for our steal cleats. We feel confident you will be satisfied with our goods because they are both excellent in quality and reasonable in price.As for your requested quotation, we can reassure you that there is no problem in granting you the term on per kilo CFR Liverpool basis.We also produce a wide range of steel products in which we think you may beinterested. They are fully illustrated in the catalogue and are of the same high quality as our cleats.We look forward to hearing from you.Yours faithfully,Situational writing 3We have learned your name and address from the latest issue of Digital World and are interested in your newly designed TF58 digital cameras.We are one of the largest importers of digital products in China, and have wide connections with the local distributors in most large cities.In order to acquaint us with functions and workmanship of your cameras, we shall bepleased if you could send us your catalogue, some samples and other necessary information on TF58 digital cameras.You are kindly requested to quote your best CIF C5% Tokyo prices.Your immediate attention to the above is appreciated.Yours faithfully,。
2014电大《外贸英语函电》期末复习大纲
2014电大《外贸英语函电》期末复习大纲外贸英语函电期末复习大纲Part 1 IntroductionLesson 1 和 Lesson 2 这两课课文从两个方面说明为什么要学外贸英语函电课:一、信息交流是业务的基础,每笔交易都需要交流信息。
一封书信实际上是代表本人亲自去和读信人联系。
信应该写得易读易懂,应该友好而有礼貌。
二、书信的撰写是写好电报、电传的基础,是商业活动中的基本活动;书信常常是一种安排或一个合同的证据。
Part 2 Structure and styles of business letters第二部分共两课:Lesson 3 和Lesson 4, 其重点是掌握英文商业书信的结构和格式。
要求通过学习,掌握对外英文商业书信的结构和格式,以便达到规范化。
Part 3 Credit Inquiries and Replies在与新的贸易对象洽谈业务前,应对该对象进行信用调查(又称资信调查),调查该对象的资金情况、经营能力、商业信誉等。
在进行信用调查时,一般可通过以下一些渠道进行:(1)本国驻外机构;(2)银行(3)同业工会(4)专业信用调查机构(5)本公司的分支机构,代理、销售代表等。
第三部分共思课,从Lesson 5 和Lesson 8, 涉及上面所述的某些方面。
这些课本书信的内容和语言是较常见的。
要求通过对这些课文的学习,掌握这类书信的一般内容和词汇。
Part 4 Establishing Business Relations业务关系的建立,是交易开始和发展的基础。
要扩大业务,就必须在巩固发展已有的业务关系的基础上,不断物色新的贸易对象,不断更新业务关系。
建立业务关系的信,通常是发信的一方在通过一定的途径得到对方公司的名称和地址,并经过初步信用调查后,向对方发出的。
信的内容一般包括;(1) 怎样得之对方公司的名称和地址的;(2) 自我介绍;(3) 希望购进或销售的商品以及有关条件;(4) 告诉对方向何处了解写信人的信用情况;(5) 表明建立业务关系的愿望。
Unit 2 Inquiry
Letter of Credit
Some information 信用证付款方式:即期信用 证.信用证最迟要在出货前 给出货方。
Type
size quantity color catalogu e
AD 36”-39” 120 assorted No.907
Unit Price
Shipping Terms of quality instructi Payment
The format
What is inquiry
1. inquiries are business letters; 2. usually made by the buyers; 3. to invite a quotation and/or an offer 4. for he wishes to buy the goods or to
BODY: Making your specific inquiry
CLOSING: Expressing your hope for a reply
Return
Sample Letters
Dear Sir, We are interested in buying large
quantities of steel screws in all sizes. We would be obliged if you would
Read and translate the following letters
Dear Sirs, We are interested in obtaining catalogues and
price-lists of your embroidered linen products. In particular, we are interested in table linens of various types, such as tablecloths, napkins, and towels.
3inquiries and replies
中国对外贸易经济合作企业协会 (China Shippers Association),简称“外经贸企协”,成立 于一九八九年。本协会是由原对外贸易经济合作部批准,经国家民 政部注册登记,具有法人地位的社会团体。目前,本协会由商务部 主管。
HACCP的全称是 Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point,即 危害分析关键控制点。它是一个以预防食品安全为基础的食品安 全生产、质量控制的保证体系,由食品的危害分析(HA,Hazard Analysis)和关键控制点(CCPs,Critical control Points)两部分 组成,被国际权威机构认可为控制由食品引起的疾病最有效的方 法,被世界上越来越多的国家认为是确保食品安全的有效措施。
FOB是离岸价,即在货物上船前的所有费用由卖方承担。
CFR (cost and freight)是到港价,即在货物到达收货人港口 之前的海运费陆运费费用由卖方承担 CIF是包括保险费的到港价,即方不仅要承担到达收货人 港口前的海运费陆运费,还要承担保险费。
彩色/染色纺纱织布、染色布、印花布和 涤棉布(T-terylene C-cotton)
Chapter 3 Inquiries and Replies
Introduction
First Inquiry & reply
General Inquiry & reply Specific inquiry & reply
乌克兰(基辅)
bee pollen (蜂花粉)
royal jelly (蜂王浆)
` (蜂胶) capsule(胶囊)
fresh royal jelly
(鲜蜂王浆)
lyophilized royal jelly powder (蜂王浆冻干粉)
商务沟通与函电课后习题与答案--精选全文
精选全文完整版(可编辑修改)Unit 2 EnquiriesI. Translate the following terms into Chinese1. performance性能2. business concern 商行,企业3. Consulate 领事馆4. rock bottom price 最低价格5. potential customer潜在客户6. Proforma invoice形式发票7. seasonal discount季节折扣8. specifications 规格9. terms of trade 贸易条件10. firm offer 实盘II. Translate the following terms into English.1.商务参赞commercial counsellor2.商会chamber of commerce3.业务状况business status4.现金折扣cash discount5.装运日期date of shipment6.购买purchase7.资信证明reference8.相互的利益mutual benefit9.广告advertisement10.商品commodityIII. Choose the best answer from the four choices.1. If you can accept payment by L/C, we will make you a very competitive (B).A. orderB. offerC. leafletD. attachment2. If your samples meet our requirements, we will A a large order. (A)A. placeB. giveC. sendD. issue3. We may reconsider terms of payment once we had established a .(C)A. trade associationB. trades associationC. trading associationD. traded association4. As requested, we are writing to make you a firm offer : (B)A. as followingB. as followsC. as followedD. as followWe are writing to5. We are writing to you in the hope of setting up business relations with you. (A)A. contactB. get in touchC. contact withD. approach with6. Attached is our catalogue. (D)A. pictureB. illustrationC. picturedD. illustrated7. This article is quoted at f 15.90 dozen CIF London. (B)A. eachB. perC. aD. one8. We wish to offer as listed below. (A)A. firmB. firmlyC. firmingD. firmed9. Owing to unforeseen difficulties, the factory cannot send the goods to us schedule. (C)A.inB. toC. onD. of10. Would you please more information about the fabrics to be processed? (C)A. furnish usB. furnish withC. furnish us withD. furnish theIV. Fill in each of the blanks with a proper preposition.1. If you can produce goods to our design, let us have details of costs.2. May we have your quotation, together with other trade terms?3. The customer asks for a 20% discount off net list prices.4. We enclose an order form for your convenience.5. We hope to interest you in this new kind of glassware.6. If you find in our catalogue anything of interest, please let us know.7. The prices quoted will apply only to orders received on or before 6 April.8. Please quote us for the supply of the items listed on the enclosed inquiry form.9. As requested in your fax of May 12, we return two copies of your Sales Contract No. AC-800 for your file.10. The M. V. Elizabeth is scheduled to arrive on July 25.VI. Translate the following Chinese sentences into English.1. 我们专营甜食糖果,与全国的食品店有广“泛的联系。
实操商务英语函电课后答案(首都经济贸易大学出版社)Unit3
实操商务英语函电课后答案(首都经济贸易大学出版社)Unit3Unit 3 Inquiries and RepliesSentences Commonly Used in Inquiries and Replies (P49-50) 1.感谢贵方7月5日询盘。
2.兹复你方3月28日函,我们附上最新的带有插图的目录册,供你方参考。
3.本地对高质量的电动自行车有稳定的需求。
4.如果你方价格有竞争力,我们愿首次订购1000打。
5.请报最好的CIF上海价格,注明最早装运期。
6.由于我们打算购买……,如报最优价将不胜感激。
7.感谢贵方10月1日对我方飞利浦牌吸尘器的询盘,先附寄一套插图目录册。
8.如果能报优质绿茶CIF到墨尔本最低价,我们将不胜感激。
9.贵方若能迅速仔细地处理我方对棉布的询盘,我们将不胜感激。
10.请寄送样品并报……的最低价。
11.请就上述货物向我方报CIF西雅图最优惠价,含佣金5%。
12.一收到贵方询盘,我们即寄上样品并报最优惠的价格。
13.如告知有关价格、质量、可供数量以及其他相关资料的具体情况,将不胜感激。
14.如果你方按所需的型号和质量供货,我方可以大量订购。
15.因为我们所报价格十分合理,我们相信贵方能接受。
Exercises (P50-54)1. Translate the following phrases (1) 对……进行询盘(2) 无存货(3) 具体询盘(4) 插图目录册(5) 与……进行贸易(6) price list(7) irrevocable L / C (8) terms of payment(9) both excellent in quality and reasonable in price (10) CIF Hongkong2. Choose the best answer (1) C (2) A (3) A (4) C (5) C (6) B (7) D(8) B (9) B (10) D3. Fill in the blanks with the proper forms of the following words or expression (1) look forward (2) inform (3) quotation (4) captioned (5) attention (6) Attached (7) discount (8) inquiry (9) provided (10) requirement4. Fill in the blanks with proper prepositions (1) for (2) in (3) of (4) in (5) by (6) for (7) With (8) in(9) between (10) of5. Translate the following sentences(1) You are requested to provide us the samples of pure silk handkerchiefs.(2) All the items listed in our catalogue are now in stock and ready for immediate shipment. (3) We are looking forward to receiving your inquiry at an early date.(4) Because of their softness and durability, our cotton bed-sheets and pillowcases are rapidly becoming popular.(5) Since one of our customers is interested in the Model B12, we would like to receive the sample and quotation.(6) 现金付款,我们给予九折优惠。
外贸函电
We can supply most items from stock and will have no trouble in meeting your needs. We can allow you a special discount of 2% on the prices quoted, for a quantity of 50 or more. We regret that it is impossible to accept your counter-offer, even to meet you halfway; the price of raw material has advanced 20% and we shall shortly be issuing an ady demand at this time of the year for heaters, you will have to allow at least 6 weeks for delivery. We do not see any advantage in your quotations, and would like to know whether you have any better value to offer.
Reply Dear Mr. Smith, Thank you for your letter of the 20th of this month. We shall be glad to enter into business relations with your company. In compliance with request, we are sending you, under separate cover, our latest catalogue and price list covering our export range. Payment should be made by irrevocable and confirmed letter of credit. Should you wish to place an order, please E-mail or fax us. Yours sincerely, Ann Chief Seller
商务英语写作-商务英语公文方面写作例句:求购篇
商务英语写作商务英语公文方面写作例句:求购篇一、 inquiries and repliestranslate the following sentences into english:1 我公司是一国营公司,专营各种轻工业产品的进出口业务,与你地佰威公司(broadway international)已有多年业务关系。
2 据悉你公司能出口最新型的照相机sp-539型,故与你们联系,希望能寄我该相机目录一份。
同时并请告知其最低价,以便我与客户联系。
3 我们是世界上最大的丝绸进口商之一。
我们过去一直是从日本进口的,现在我们想到中国市场订购。
4 我们希望你能告诉我们可供出口的主要品种,最好能寄我们几份你们的出口商品目录及各种丝绸的剪样,以便我们选择。
5 关于你们8月5日打印机的询价,我们首先向你们致歉,未能迅速报价,因为厂方要研究满足你方特殊需要的可能性。
6 关于你方有关茶具的询价,我们很高兴通知你们,通过我们反复的努力,厂方已同意供应200套。
reference answers1 specializing in the import and export of various light industrial products, we are a state-owned corporation and have had business relations with broadway international at your end for many years.2 we have learned that you are in a position to export cameras of the latest model sp-539. we are therefore writing to you and hope that you will send us a copy of the catalogue. in the meantime, please let us know the lowest price so that we can approach our clients for sales.3 we are one of the largest importers of silks in the world. we used to buy silks from japan, but now we are thinking of expanding into the china market.4 could you tell us the main items you can export? it would be better if you could send us a few copies of your exports catalogue and cutting samples of various kinds of silks for our choice.5 with regard to your inquiry of august 5 for our printers, we, first of all, express our regret for not being able to quote you promptly as our manufacturers have to look into the possibility of meeting your special requirements.6 as regards your inquiry for our teasets, we are pleased to tell you that the manufacturers have agreed to supply you with 200 sets through our repeated efforts.practice fouri sales lettersput the following sentences into english:1 我公司新投放市场的学生用包是选用上等塑料薄膜(fine quality vinyl plastic)制成的,它耐用、易洗、透明,而且方便学生放置(handy for)铅笔、钢笔、尺子、活页纸、卡片和其他许多物品。
enquiry, offer, order, packing
Chapter Two Enquiries and Replies
New Words & Expressions
16. quote v. 报价 quote sb. a price for (or: on) sth. ) 报给某人某种商品的价格
Please quote us your lowest prices for personal computers. 请报个人电脑的最低价。 请报个人电脑的最低价。 Would you please quote us your best price FOB Dalian for (or: on) 1,000 pieces of leather jacket. 请报一千件皮夹克的最好大连船上交货价。 请报一千件皮夹克的最好大连船上交货价。
Chapter Two Enquiries and Replies
New Words & Expressions
6. under separate cover 另函,用另外一封信 另函,
这个机会做… 还可以说take advantage of this 这个机会做 还可以说 opportunity or avail ourselves of this opportunity. e.g. We take this opportunity to express our great appreciation for your cooperation. 借此机会,对于您的合作,我们深表感谢。 借此机会,对于您的合作,我们深表感谢。
Chapter Two Enquiries and Replies
New Words & Expressions
enquire of sb. about sth. 询问某人某事 e.g. Mr. Smith enquired of the er about the quality of their goods. 史密斯先生询问出口商他们的产品质量如何。 史密斯先生询问出口商他们的产品质量如何。
外贸函电课后练习参考答案
Unit Two Inquiries 询购Key to Exercise IV1. We have been informed by Jameson Garments (Vancouver) Ltd. that you are one of the leading exporters of textiles in Hangzhou and that you wish to extend business to our market.2. We would like to have your lowest quotations for the captioned goods on the terms and conditions listed below.3. Please send me some further information on the features and costs of the Vernard line of Ultrasonic equipment, which you recently advertised in Electronics magazine.4. We are interested in importing Chinese furniture and would be pleased to receive a copy of your latest catalogue, price list and export terms.5. We would be grateful if you would send us a comprehensive price list, together with some samples of the goods which you can supply.Key to Exercise V1. There is a large demand(or market) in our country for Chinese low-voltage microwave ovens. We would be most grateful if you could quote us competitive prices for the models you can supply (or have available) at present.2. We wish to introduce ourselves as leading importers dealing in operative instruments. It would be helpful if you could send us your latest catalogue for our reference which interests us very much.3. Specializing in the line of confectionery, we have extensive connections with the food stores throughout(or all over ) the country.4. We would appreciate it(or be most grateful) if you could send us a full set of leaflets for your exports for us to have a general idea of the products you handle.5. From Messrs. Brown & Clark of this city, we have learned that you are regular suppliers of Chinese kitchenware, for which there is a growing demand here.6. We have noticed with interest your advertisement in the latest issue of TV World, and would appreciate it if you could introduce the details of the specifications, prices and packing for your product.Key to Exercise VI1. We are famous importers of computers with branches in three neighboring cities.2. Please send us a full set of catalo g for our buyers’ reference.3. We have been specializing in importing motorcycles for ten years, and would appreciate your sending us your catalog, prices and other necessary information.4. If your goods are good in quality and more competitive in price, very likely we can advise our buyers to place an order.5. We are interested in (buying) the tiles you advertised in Building Materials. It would be helpful if you could send us further information as soon as possible.Exercise VIISeptember 21, 2008The Sales ManagerThe Midland Carpet Co. Ltd.173 Waterloo StreetLondon E.C.4Dear Sir or MadamWe have noticed with interest your advertisement in the August issue of The Magic Carpet and feel that the patterns of your carpets may appeal to Chinese customers, especially the well-to-do newly weds.Therefore, we would like to have detailed information about the various types of carpets available at the moment, such as specifications and prices, if possible , together with sample cuttings.As we intend to lay in a stock for the New Year sales, it would be a great help to us if we could receive your reply by the end of this month.Yours faithfullyHUA Fang (MS.)Import ManagerUnit Three Replies and Quotations 复函与报价Key to Exercise V1. In reply to your inquiry of January 12, we are pleased to inform you that a catalog and a price list have been air-mailed separately for your reference.2. However, if you need any other information, please (do not hesitate to) let us know. We would be glad to answer your further questions.3. As you will notice, our prices are quite competitive, and since we carry large stocks of all models, we can promise delivery within a month on receipt of your L/C.4. If you can let us have an idea of the quantity you are going to order, we may consider giving you a more favorable discount.5. Though we no longer supply Model SB-95, we have Model SB-99 in stock , which is better in performance and more reasonable in price.Key to EX VI1. We are eagerly expecting to have detailed discussions with you soon on the trade terms you suggested.2. We hope to have more information from you by the end of this month for our buyers’ reference.3. As you know, there is a steady demand in your market for such durable and moderately priced goods as ours.4. We do not want to influence you, but we hope you will be able to send us your order within this month as we may soon run short of supply.5. You will no doubt find our price very favorable if you compare it with the quotations of other manufacturers.Exercise VIIDear Mr. BlackThank you for your inquiry of August 16 concerning our equipment, which you saw at the International Farm Machinery Fair in Bonn.We are willing to answer the specific questions in your letter and would consider substantial discount on orders over RMB¥1,000,000.With regard to the terms of payment, we would suggest sight L/C for the initial stage. We can fulfill orders within three months, but it will take a little longer time for special specifications.We are enclosing our current catalog and price list quoting c.i.f. Bangkok , and we think you will find the equipments on pp. 101-115 of particular interest.If you require any further information, please contact us and we will be pleased to supply it.Yours faithfully×××Unit Four Orders and Acknowledgement 订购与确认Key to Ex. V1. We would like to confirm our telephone discussion this morning. Enclosed is our Order No. CT504 for 1,500 pounds Longjing Green Tea at 36 pence per pound CIF London for shipment during June/July.2. Because there is a growing (an increasing) demand for our laser printers , we hope you will act immediately if you are considering placing an order with us .3. Please note that the quality of shipment must be exactly the same as the quality of sample. If this initial order is completed to our satisfaction, we shall place regular orders.4. Thank you for your prompt reply to our inquiry of April 22. We are now pleased to order from you 2000 dozen pure silk T-shirts. For details, please refer to our enclosed order No. 58.5. Although our price is a little higher than quotations of other suppliers, our product is well worth the extra money owing to its good quality. It meets (complies with) your own interest to order goods of really high quality.KEY TO EX.VI1. If you could increase the quantity of your order to 500 cases, please let us know immediately and we would be only too glad to give you a 5% discount.2. All your required items can be supplied from stock, and we can assure you of our best attention to your order.3. If this trial shipment can reach us by mid-October and the quality turns out to be satisfactory, we shall send you further orders.4. In accordance with the terms agreed upon in our recent exchange of faxes, we are now sending you our S/C No. 1234 in duplicate.5. If no instructions to the contrary are received before the end of this month, we shall ship your order in December.Exercise VIIDear Ms. CollinsThank you very much for your Order No. CS27 for our rotary printing presses Models PM600 and PM800 for November shipment. We wish to inform you that we can comply with all your requirements except for PM600, which is unfortunately out of stock at present. We, therefore, would like to place before you two alternatives for your consideration.1.As an excellent substitute for PM600, we recommend PM630, which is our latest model (for details, see attached leaflet) and can be shipped together with PM800 in November.2. In case you still prefer PM600, we can ship your order in two lots, i.e.PM800 in November and PM600 in January next year, which is the earliest time we can manage. We look forward to your early decision.Yours sincerely×××Unit Five Insurance 保险Key to Ex. V1. In the absence of your definite instructions about insurance, we have covered your order against W.P.A. for 110% of the invoice value as usual.2. We have noticed your request for insurance against War Risk. But, as you know, our CIF quotation includes W.P.A. only. Therefore, if you require this additional coverage, the extra premium will be borne by you (to your account).3. In case the goods be found damaged after inspection, the buyer has the right to file/make/lodge a claim with the underwriter against a surveyor’s report within 30 days of/after the arrival of the goods at the port of destination.4. We regret to inform you that Case No. 8 was invoiced as containing 12 laser printers, five of which were found badly damaged upon arrival .5.The People’s Insurance Company of China (PICC) is a large state-owned enterprise, which is noted for settling claims promptly and equitably and has agencies in the main ports and areas throughout the world.Key to EX VI1.With no definite instructions from you even at the end of last month, we could not but effect insurance against W.P.A. as usual so as to avoid delay in shipment.2. If you prefer insurance under Institute Cargo Clauses, we shall be pleased to comply, but the difference in premium, if any, shall be for your account.3. We had the goods examined by a surveyor upon their arrival and found that fourteen cases were broken. Enclosed is a list of the damaged goods.4. The surveyor’s report states that these goods are unsalable. Therefore, we have to ask for immediate replacements.5. Thank you for your fax of October 22, quoting us your present rate for All Risks. Now we wish to insure with you the following consignment:EX. VIIDear Sir or MadamWe have received your quotation of November 5, which we find quite competitive. We would be grateful if you could cover us against All Risks (warehouse to warehouse) for the value of Can$274,895.00 on 15 (fifteen) cases of ceramic handicrafts from Qingdao to Vancouver by M. V. Seagull.The certificate must reach us by the 17th at the latest, since it has to be presented with the other documents to the bank with which a letter of credit has been opened.We look forward to your prompt reply.Yours sincerely×××Unit Six Packing 包装EX. Ⅱ1. We are glad to have obtained your name and address from our Commercial Counsellor’s Office and learned that you can supply a special kind of detector model DA-880k which can test the degree of air pollution.2. Should you not have what we want but a similar article of better quality, please supply it instead provided the price is not more than 10% higher.3. As requested, we shall draw on you at 60 days’sight for the amount of our invoice,a copy of which is enclosed and the original is sent to the bank.4. Since our L/C reached you as early as the beginning of last month, we hope you will make delivery at the stipulated time, for any delay will cause us great inconvenience and considerable financial loss.5. There was a slight delay owing to the breakdown of a machine which held up packing for two days. But we did not inform you as we knew it would not affect the delivery limit.EX. V1. Export crates for goods of the type you named should be completely sealed with plywood and firmly battened.2. The exports you ordered are packed in strong wooden cases which are reinforced with angle iron and metal bands. The solid packing and the stuffing inside the cases will protect the goods from vibration and clash.3. All powdery goods should be put in polybags and then packed in iron tins. The lids of tins should be sealed with adhesive tape.4. The valves and all precision parts should be wrapped with soft material and stably packed in cardboard cartons. When put in the wooden cases, the cartons should be well arranged to eliminate the possibility of moving inside the cases.5. On the attached sheet we give you full details regarding packing and marks, which must be strictly observed.EX. VIIDear Mr. MertonWe thank you for your letter of June 26 and would like to confirm that we are still offering our Phoenix range at the prices quoted in our letter of June 15. We are sure that you have found these prices quite competitive.Meanwhile, we understand your concern over packing and wish to give you the following details:Each vase is wrapped in a polybag, and then put in a foamed plastic casing, which is in turn placed in a decorative cardboard box. These boxes are packed in specially designed polythene-lined strong cardboard cartons, twelve to a carton, so that no movement inside the cartons is possible.Besides, on the outside of each carton warning (indicative) marks such as “FRAGILE”or “HANDLE WITH CARE”are clearly stencilled in fadeless ink.We hope you will agree that we have taken every possible precaution to ensure the safe transportation of our products.We look forward to receiving your order.Sincerely yours×××Unit Seven Transportation 运输Ex.V1. The part of your order which can be supplied from stock has been executed, but the remainder may be delayed for four to six weeks.2. Please let us know the voyage No., the lowest (freight) rate for large shipment and the (freight) rate for small lot of consolidation.3. The goods under your order No. 297 have been packed and are ready for shipment.We would appreciate it if you could complete, sign and return the attached shipping (instruction) note as soon as possible.4. You can save both time and money by letting us handle all shipping and Customs formalities for you.5. In order to assist you in introducing our products into your market as early as possible, we agree to advance the initial shipment of 1/3 (one third) of the total quantity from June/July to April/May.Ex.ViiDear Mr. ArnoldOrder No. 896 S/C No. 980927From your letter of October 20 concerning the captioned S/C, we understand that instead of the stipulated two equal shipments in January and February, 2009 respectively, you now wish to have 80% of the total quantity shipped in November and the balance in December this year.In reply, we wish to inform you that although we have the required quantity in stock, your request came too late for November shipment, especially because direct sailings for your port are few and far between. Besides, the relevant L/C is yet to be opened.Therefore, we would suggest that 80% of the total quantity be shipped in December this year and the balance 20% in January, 2009, provided your L/C reaches us not later than November 20.Please let us know promptly whether this arrangement is convenient to you.Yours faithfully×××Unit Eight Payment by L/C 信用证付款Ex.V1. Our terms of payment are by confirmed, irrevocable letter of credit available by draft at sight, reaching us one month ahead of shipment, remaining valid for negotiation in China for another 21 days after the prescribed time of shipment, and allowing transshipment and partial shipments.2. For the time being, therefore, we regret our inability to accept D/A in any transactions with our buyers abroad.3.It is regrettable to find that up to the present there has been no news from you about your letter of credit which should have reached us by the end of last month.4. Please amend L/C No. 99S086 to read “Transshipment allowed”, and delete the clause about insurance policy as this transaction is concluded on CFR basis.5. As your country has no consulate in this city, it is our practice to have the invoice certified by the China Council for the Promotion of International Trade (CCPIT). Please amend your L/C accordingly.EX.ViiDear Sir or MadamFollowing the instructions given in your letter of August 12, our manufacturers have redoubled their efforts to meet your advanced shipment date. We are now pleased to inform you that the goods are ready for shipment.Much to our surprise, however, the covering L/C has not reached us even to this day. Please immediately check with your bank to ensure that it reaches us before the end of this month. Otherwise, we shall not be able to make delivery within the time limit agreed upon.In order to avoid possible subsequent amendments, please see to it that the L/C stipulations are in exact accordance with those of our S/C No. 7890.We look forward to receiving your L/C as soon as possible.Sincerely yours×××Unit Nine Other Modes of Payment 其他付款方式EX. V1. Messrs. Schneider & Kern have given us your name as their referee. We would therefore be much obliged if you could provide us with detailed information about their credit status.2. Any information about their financial standing and commercial integrity will be much appreciated and treated as confidential.(We would be extremely obliged if you could supply any information on theirfinancial status and commercial credit, which would be kept as confidential.)3. As a compromise, we suggest that 40% of the proceeds be paid by T/T and the balance (be paid) by irrevocable letter of credit at 90 days’sight.4. In order to pave the way for your sales-pushing (sales promotion), we exceptionally agree to accept payment by D/P at 45 days’sight.5. We have noted your request for payment by D/A and will revert to the matter (review it) with you when circumstances permit.EX. VIIDear Mr. SmithThrough our discussion by fax on July 8, we are pleased to inform you that your request for new terms of payment has been accepted, which will come into effect when you place your next order with us.As we agreed on, future transactions will be placed on a D/P basis with payment 30 days after sight, and we will ensure delivery to you within two months of receiving your order (on receipt of your order).We are looking forward to an early order from you.Yours sincerely×××Unit Ten Complaints and Adjustment 投诉与处理EX VDear CustomerI am writing to you to explain the reasons for the very poor service we have given over the past few months. You may have received incomplete consignments. You may have written and not yet received a reply. You may have tried to call us and not been able to get through. We have ten Customer Service lines with staff to man them, but once these lines are overloaded there is nothing we can do. Our correspondence staff are working all hours to catch up.The real problem goes back a long way and relates to our growth from a small familyfirm into a sizable business. Our working procedures have basically not kept up with our expansion.Last year, our old computer was replaced with new hardware and software, which we were told would solve all our problems and could expand as our business expanded. Unfortunately, this was not the case and the speed of processing orders slowed down, even though our staff were working round the clock.We were just about to abandon the system and revert to our old procedures for processing orders when a new version of the software was supplied. This speeded up the system and we are now catching up with the backlog of orders. By the end of this month we will be completely up to date.I know you don’t want to hear about our problems. You want your orders to be delivered promptly and correctly. I promise you that in future you can rely on us to do this and to respond to your inquiries courteously and efficiently.I feel that we owe you an apology but actions speak louder than words. We have taken on more staff, acquired a new warehouse and invested heavily in computer systems, all to provide the service which you need and of which we can feel proud.To end on a positive note, our new catalogue is enclosed and I am sure you will agree that our new product range is even more attractive and better value than before. We are working hard to continue to improve our service and I hope we can count on your support in spite of our recent problems.Yours sincerely×××以上为陶老师所发,部分课后习题答案。
商务英语谈判课本
Chapter Four Content of Negotiation (I) Anyone engaged in foreign trade knows that negotiation is a very important component in international business activities. As far as international investment, import and export of products, machinery and equipment are concerned, negotiation on international business and economy is a consultative process between governments, trade organizations, multinational enterprises or private firms. In short, it is a process between the buyers and the sellers, so negotiation is one of the important steps taken toward completing import and export trade agreements.4.1 Inquiry and ReplyIn international business activities, making inquiry is the initial stage of business negotiation between the buyers and sellers, the purpose of which is to seek a supply of products, service or relative information.Usually, the buyers make inquiries without any engagement to get information about the goods to be ordered. The sellers, however, can also make inquiries to get information about the goods to sold, without any engagement, too.The information wanted by the buyers or the sellers usually includes the following elements:The supply of commodities;The price;The catalogue;The packaging;The delivery date;Terms of payment and other terms concerned.Inquiry can be made orally or in written form.If the written form is adopted, the person who makes inquiries should remember to consider carefully to which the inquiries are to be sent and how many supplies or purchases are to be approached in one and the same region. Failure to take into consideration the relevant situation would lead to adverse effect on future transactions.When writing enquiry letters to your counterpart, there is on need to choose words and phrases carefully to draw th e readers’attention. A request for a price list or catalogue can be made in a single sentence. A request for a quotation of price and other trade terms may need a little longer description, which should be clear and exact. But remember there is no need for long, over-polite phrases and still less humbleness.If it is the first transaction between the parties concerned, the first enquiry letter should begin by telling the receiver how his name and address is known. Then, some generally information about your own business, such as the kind of goods handled, quantities needed or to be sold, usual terms of trade and any information likely to enable the suppliers or the buyers to decide what they can do for you, should begiven.Having received the enquiry letter, the receiver should study it with caution and reply the enquiry letter as soon as possible, telling them whether you could sell or buy.If in oral form, especially when the business relations have been established between the buyers and sellers, the inquiries and replies will be very easy and simple. What should be paid attention to is that both of them may have a friendly and cordial discussion according to what has been mentioned.4.2 Offer and Counter-offerIn many types of business, it has always been the practice for the supplier to make an offer directly to his regular customers and to others who may be interested in his goods, without waiting for an enquiry. But when the supplier has received an enquiry from the buyer and decide to sell the goods, he should make an offer to him.It should be pointed out that offer is different from quotation. Quotation is just an indication of price without contractual obligation, and it is subject to change without previous notice. We have learned that a proposal for concluding a contract addressed to one or more specific persons constitutes an offer if it is sufficiently definite and indicates the intention of the offerer to be bound in case of acceptance. So offer is a definite commitment on the part of the supplier.In business activities, when making an offer, orally or in written form, the following elements are usually included:The name, price, quality and quantity of the goods;The date of delivery and/or time of shipment;The terms of payment;The validity of the offer;Other terms concerned, such as packing, discount, insurance, etc.When a supplier promises to sell the goods at a stated price within a stated period of time, the offer made by him is called a firm offer. In making a firm offer, mention should be made of the time of shipment and the date of delivery, the mode of payment desired and the period for which the offer is valid. In addition, an exact description of the goods should be given. If possible, pattern or sample should be shown or sent.It should be noted that a firm offer, although not legally binding, is capable of acceptance, and once it has been acceptable it cannot be withdrawn and the offerer should perform the obligations stipulated in it.It is known that a reply to an offer which purports to be an acceptance but contains additions, limitations or other modifications is a rejection of the offer and constitutes a counter-offer. So, a counter-offer means a partial rejection of the original offer, and it also means a counter proposal put forward by the buyers or the offeree.In practical business negotiations, the buyers may not agree on theprice, packing, shipment or payment, etc. He may state his own terms instead. Such alterations indicate that business has to be negotiated on a renewed basis. Such being the case, the original offerer or the seller now becomes the offeree and is entitled to accept of refuse. In the latter case, he may make another counter-offer of his own. This process can go on for many a round until the transaction is concluded or called off.Sometimes, the sentence “Accept your offer subject to the following alterations……” may be used in answering an offer. Although the word “accept”is used, in fact, the offer is still rejected, because the offeree does not agree to the whole offer.In making a counter-offer, the party concerned should express regret at inability to accept, explain reasons for non-acceptance and suggest that there may be other opportunities to do business together in the future.4.3 Price and Placing ordersIt is known to all of us that price, which should be carefully considered, is one of the most important factors in the international business activities.Price is the money of other considerations exchanged for the ownership or use of a product or service. The products’price includes fixed cost, variable cost and expected profit. The fixed cost and variable cost of export products, however, means the total figure of production cost, selling cost, delivery cost, taxes and tariffs and some other unknowncosts.In any transactions, the buyer wants to buy cheap and the seller wants to sell dear. In order to get the expected target, the buyer or the seller should know the pricing strategies and other factors which can influence the price.As to the pricing strategies, there are three basic techniques of pricing export products, which can be indicated as follows:Cost-plus pricing;Marginal cost pricing;Break even pricing;Besides what have been mentioned above, the international and external factors which can affect pricing should be noted.International factors include:Marketing objectives;Marketing mix strategies;Costs;External factors include:The market and demand;Competitors’ prices and offers;In international business negotiation, because haggling is a common occurrence, the buyer or the seller should not ignore the following items, which can also affect pricing:Fluctuations of the currency used in the transaction;Terms of payment;Date of delivery;Packaging, etc;Everyone knows that negotiating price is a skill needing nerves of calm.Once given the factors affecting prices, the buyer or the seller is now ready to select a workable price. In any case, the price will have to be somewhere between one that is too low to produce a profit and one that is too high to result in any demand.In business discussion, even when the buyer has an advantage over the seller, because of overproduction, etc., and is accordingly able to dictate terms, such as lowering the price, quickening delivery date and so on, he should consider everything on the “you”attitude and give the reasonable price. Of course, when the seller has an advantage over the buyer, the same attitude should be adopted.Having finished negotiation price between the buyer and the seller, the former may place an order to the latter for goods needed on the price agreed upon between them. Once the order has been accepted by the seller, a purchase contract should be singed. After that, both parties are legally bound to carry out their agreement.When the binding agreement comes into force, the buyer’s obligations are:to accept the goods supplied, provided that they comply with the terms of order;to pay for them according to the terms agreed upon;to check the goods as soon as possible (failure to give prompt notice of faults to the seller will be taken as acceptance of the goods);When the binding agreement comes into force, the seller’s obligations are:to deliver the goods exactly of the kind ordered, and at the agreed time;to guarantee that the goods to be supplied are free from faults, of which the buyer could not be aware at the time of purchase.According to commercial law, if faulty goods are delivered, the buyer can demand either a reduction in price, or replacement of the goods, or cancellation of the order. He may also be able to claim damages.Chapter Five Content of Negotiation (Ⅱ)5.1 Packaging 包装It is known that packing is another important element which should be pay attention to by the buyers and the seller when negotiating any transactions, because neither of them like to have the goods shipped or received in a damaged condition. It is appropriate packing that could prevent or minimize the damage of the goods and could promote the sales. Therefore, in modern days, more and more people have come to realize the importance of packing.When discussing packing, the seller should keep the following in mind: ﹙1﹚T he buyers are under certain conditions entitled to reject the goods if they are not packed in accordance with his instruction or with the provisions agreed upon.﹙2﹚P acking should be designed to suit shipment requirements. In case of anomalies in packing, the master of the ship has authority to refuse to sign a clean B/L.Likewise, the buyer is empowered to refuse the acceptance of a B/L which refers to goods marked and branded not in strict conformity with the contract.﹙3﹚P acking should tally with the regulations in the country of destination, because some countries levy very heavy import duties on particular kinds of packing material.Besides what have been mentioned above, the seller should showsolicitude for the appearance and packaging of packing.The features of the packing should be:●Beautiful and durable;●Easy to handle;●Well suited for long distance shipment;●Proof against damage;●Waterproof /shake-proof;●Standardized.The appearance and packaging of packing should be:●Modern and attractive;●Small and exquisite;●Suitable for window display;●Facilitate marketing;In practical business activities, as far as the benefit of the buyer and the seller concerned, both of them should be familiar with the following items.⒈Packing ParametersThe main parameters that affect packing include the following:1)Value of the GoodsPacking depends on the value of the goods, that is, high value consignment usually needs more expensive than low value merchandise. Therefore, packing for valuable goods must be done professional to avoidany damage caused by transactions.2)Nature of the GoodsGenerally speaking, packing depends upon the nature of a products as well as the mode of transportation. For instance, cargo shipped in bulk requires little or no packing at all; small products are usually packed in standard-sized wooden or cardboard boxes; machinery or some heavy goods may need to be shipped in crates; commodities like sugar and coffee are usually packed in bags; and fragile goods should be done professionally.3) Rulers and RegulationsThis has particular relevance to dangerous cargo whose very nature calls for adequate and safe packing in line with strict regulations applicable both to sea and air transportation. Besides, in some countries, straw, wood and some other material are unacceptable forms of packing owing to the risk of insects being imported.4) Temperature VariationTemperature variation is another important factor which should be considered when packing, because some kinds of cargo that will have to undergo the temperature variation will face the danger of deterioration. 5)Cost of packagingWith the overseas markets becoming ever more competitive, the exporter is compelled to explore new methods of packing. The basic principle ofpackaging is to make packaging as light and compact as possible so as to keep freight cost down.⒉Marking of GoodsWhen packing is finished according to the packing instructions from the buyers, marking should be done on the export packages, which mainly include:●The consignees’own distinctive marks, which should include the name of the port of destination;●Any official marks required by authorities concerned, because some countries require the name of the country, there the goods are produced, the weight and dimensions, to be marked on every package.●Special directions or warning which should be stenciled on the package foe the benefit of the owner and the carrier.5.2 Delivery of GoodsWhen discussion the delivery of the goods, the negotiator should be familiar with the following contents:●Modes of the transportation;●Time of shipment;●Place of shipment and place of destination;●Partial shipment and transference;●Shipping advice;●Shipping documents.1.Modes of TransportationAlthough there are many modes of transportation in international trade, ocean transportation is still the most important mode at present.When the buyer and the seller negotiate the ocean transportation, the following items should be paid attention to: regular shipping liner transportation and charter transportation.(1)Regular shipping transportation: it involves the standard forcalculating premium, the liner’s freight tariff, the basic rate, the surcharge, the time of premium payment and the special discount for freight.(2)Charter transportation: it can be divided into voyage charter, timecharter and empty ship charter. Charter transportation cover charter party, rent or freight and the good shipped.2.Time of ShipmentWhen talking about the time of shipment, we should distinguish “shipment” from “delivery”. Under FOB, CFR, CPT and CIP, the time of shipment corresponds to the time of delivery, bur under DES, DEQ, DDU and DDP, the two are quite different, because FOB, CFR, CIF and so on belong to the constructive delivery, and DES, DEQ and so on belong to the actual delivery.When negotiating the time of shipment, the party concerned should know something about the stipulations of shipment time.(1)“Time shipment”means that an actual time of shipment should begiven, such as “Shipment during April and May”(2)“Shipment in the near future”refers to “prompt shipment”,“immediate shipment”, and “shipment as soon as possible”. Because these terms have different explanations in different countries and lines, the negotiators should refrain from using them so as to avoid misunderstanding.(3)“shipment without fixed time”means that the seller will ship thegoods with a certain time only after the payment of the L/C. under this stipulation, the following phrases are usually used:●Shipment within 30 days after receipt of L/C;●Shipment within 15days after receipt of remittance;●Shipment by first available vessel;●Shipment within 20 days after receipt of L/C, which must reachthe seller not later than 30th April.Besides what have been mentioned above, the parties concerned should pay much attention to the canceling date, the demurrage and the dispatch rate, which are also very important in negotiating shipping contract.3.Place of Shipment and Place of DestinationUnder CIF and CFR terms, the port of shipment and the port of destination should be stipulated in the contract. Under CPT and CIP terms, however, the place of destination and the place of the departure should be stipulated in the contract.But under FAS and FOB terms, the port of shipment should be stipulated in the contract, and FCA term, the place of departure should be stipulated in the contract. Although the terms mentioned above only refer to the port of shipment and the place of the departure, it is better to stipulate the port of destination or the place of destination in the contract respectively.4.Partial Shipment and TransportationBesides the time of shipment, the place of shipment, the place of destination, and the mode of transportation in the delivery clause of the contract, there are partial shipment and transshipment in it.(1)Partial shipment usually has the following three forms:●Not specify lots and quantity---the phrase “partial shipments to beallowed” can be used;●Specify lots but not specify quantity---the phrase “shipmentduring May, Jun and July in three installments” can be used;●Specify lots and quantity---the phrase “shipment during May andJune in two equal lots” can be used.(2)Transshipment should be clearly specified in the contract if it isnecessary, such as “transshipment to be allowed”, “transshipment atHong Kong to be allowed”, etc.(3)When partial shipment and transshipment are needed, they should bewritten down in the contract, such as “shipment on of before May 31st from Shanghai to Wellington, allowing partial shipment and transshipment”5.Shipping AdviceAfter making shipment, the seller is required to advise the buyer its effectuation(usually within 24 hours) no matter the transportation is concluded on FOB, CFR or CIF basis, so that the buyer can take necessary measures to take the goods and take out insurance. The required shipping advice usually includes:(1)the contract number and the L/C number;(2)the name of the commodity;(3)the quantity loaded;(4)the invoice value;(5)the name of the vessel;(6)the port of loading and the port of destination;(7)the date of B/L;(8)the date of departure;(9)The expected time of arrival at the port of destination.6.Shipping DocumentShipping document is a kind of main certificate, by which the sellerproves that he has completed his obligation of delivering goods, and on the other hand, the buyer pays for the shipment. If the shipping documents do not strictly conform with the terms of the L/C, the bank will reject them and refuse to pay, so great care is required on the part of export in preparing the shipping documents.The shipment documents required in shipment usually include:(1)bill of landing (B/L);(2)commercial invoice;(3)insurance policy or insurance certificate;(4)inspection certificate or survey report;(5)weight memo (note) and packing list;When discussing shipping documents, the person concerned should know something about the B/L, especially the Ocean B/L.The bill of landing is a document given by a shipping company, representing both a receipt for the goods shipped and a contract for shipment between the shipping company and the shipper. It is also a document of entitlement to the goods, giving the holder or the assignee the right to possess the goods.The ocean B/L usually includes:●shipped B/L or on board B/L;●clean B/L, unclean B/L;●straight B/L;●order B/L;●direct B/L;●transshipment B/L;●through B/L;●Freight prepaid B/L, etc.In a word, when shipping goods by ocean freight, the negotiators must take into account the following:(1) Arranging the port of shipment and the port of destination. Commonly, the seller chooses the port of shipment whereas the buyer decides the port of destination on the basis of mutual agreement.(2) Settling the time of shipment. To avoid future disputes in international trade, the time of shipment must be settled clearly between the buyer and the seller. When settling the time of shipment, the exporters should take every possibility into consideration, such as the supply of goods, international transportation, and external market quotations. The time of shipment should be made suitable to both the seller and the buyer.5.3 InsuranceWhen negotiation the marine cargo insurance, the parties concerned should be first familiar with the following content:●Perils Insured Against;●Marine Transportation Loss;●Types of Insurance.1. Perils Insured AgainstEach shipment in transit may run into various types of dangers. Generally speaking, the risks covered by insurance can be basically divided into two types---“perils of the sea” and “extraneous risks”.The perils of the sea include not only natural calamities such as storms, floods, earthquakes, lighting, etc. but also fortuitous accidents like fire, collision, explosion, stranding and sinking of the carrying vessels, and so on.The extraneous perils are usually caused by external factors, which can be divided into two---the ordinary and the special. The ordinary perils include the theft,pillage,leakage,shortage, rusting, contamination,and so on. But the special perils refer to war, strikes, import duty, rejection and failure to deliver, and so on.2. Marine Transportation LossGenerally speaking, losses on the high seas fall into two categories: total loss and partial loss.⑴Total losses: Actual total loss & constructive total loss;⑵Partial losses: Generally average & particular average;3. Types of InsuranceThe principle perils which the basic marine policy of the PICC insurance against under its Ocean Marine Cargo Clause are:⑴free from particular average (F.P.A.);⑵with particular average (W.P.A.);⑶all risks.These three perils are usually called “basic risks”, which are granted according to institute cargo clauses.Besides the “basic risks”mentioned above, there is another type of risk---additional risk, which can be divided into two---general risks and special additional risks.Generally speaking, general additional risks include:theft, pillage and non-delivery( T.P.N.D.);Fresh water and/or rain damage;Shortage;Intermixture and contamination;Leakage;Clash and breakage;Taint of odor;Sweat and heating;Hook damage;Breakage of packing;Special additional risks, however, include:war risk;Strikes;On deck;Import duty; Rejection;Failure to deliver; Survey at jetty risk;Fire risk extension clause.。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。
convey messages.
2
Business English Writing Practice (2nd Edition)
商务英语写作实训(第二版)
Contents
Get Started Compose Your Message Sample Study Read for Reference Check Yourself
Chapter 2
Amendments •The paragraph of selfintroduction with wordy expressions (Some are domestic, some are foreign). •Too much introduction is a waste of time for business people.
商务英语写作实训(第二版)
“十二五”规划商务英语高职高专系列教材
Inquiries and Replies
Business English Writing Practice (2nd Edition)
Chapter 2
商务英语写作实训(第二版)
Objectives
Chapter 2
Use proper tone in asking questions; Learn to compose inquiry letters and their replies; Get to know when to use direct approach to
11
Business English Writing Practice (2nd Edition)
商务英语写作实训(第二版)
Sample Study 1: Inquiry about Home Textile Products
Dear Sirs,
Chapter 2
We owe your name and address to the Canadian Consulate in Shanghai who has informed us that you are one of the largest exporters of textiles in Shanghai and that you wish to extend export business to our market. Briefly explain how you get the requested information You will be pleased to note that we are importers of home textile products, having over 20 years’ experience in this particular line of business. Make a brief self-introduction to establish a good image.
4
Business English Writing Practice (2nd Edition)
Any Problems?
商务英语写作实训(第二版)
Listen to Mr. Tutorial
Well-done • Cindy is clever to keep commercial secret; • Cindy adopted the full block style in writing this letter; •She first made a brief introduction to her company.
could send me your catalogue and price list for bicycles.
If you will allow us a special discount, we would like to place an order with you. Looking forward to your reply Best regards, Cindy
商务英语写作实训(第二版)
General Structure of Inquiry letters
Chapter 2
Step 3 Step 2 Step 1 1. source of recipient (if it's an initial business letter) 2. brief selfintroduction 3. reasons for inquiry
5
Business English Writing Practice (2nd Edition)
商务英语写作实训(第二版)
Listen to Mr. Tutorial
Try to add one more paragraph to this inquiry:
In the circumstances please indicate whether you will allow us a special discount. This would enable us to maintain the low selling prices, which have been an important reason for the growth of our business. In return we would be prepared to place orders for a guaranteed annual minimum number of bicycles, the figure to be mutually agreed.
Importance of an inq
Offer / Quote
the first step of a business transaction
Nature of an inquiry In foreign trade an inquiry is usually (not absolutely) made by the potential buyer without engagement, requesting for information on the supply of certain goods. So we call it 询盘 or 询价 in Chinese.
10
Specific inquiry: samples price discount packing methods terms of shipment terms of payment insurance…
1. deadline of the reply 2. your hope for a reply 3. goodwill
Chapter 2
3
Business English Writing Practice (2nd Edition)
商务英语写作实训(第二版)
Lead-in
Dear Sir,
Chapter 2
We are one of the leading bicycle dealers in Dubai, and we have an office in Zhuhai, China. We sell many brands of products. Some are domestic, some are foreign. Our company has been established for almost ten years. We have a good reputation in this line. Our customers are very interested in your bicycles for both men and women, and also for children. I would appreciate it very much if you
3. Inquiries should be brief, specific, courteous, reasonable and to the point.
4. In return, Its replies should be prompt, courteous and helpful.
Business English Writing Practice (2nd Edition)
Business English Writing Practice (2nd Edition)
商务英语写作实训(第二版)
General Structure of Replies
Chapter 2
Step 3 Step 2 Step 1
1. respond to the inquiry acceptance: relative information enclosed decline: reason for decline 2. additional information of your company
At present, we are keenly interested in home textiles made in China and will be pleased if you kindly send us your latest price list and catalogue for all kinds of home textiles specifying sizes and designs. If possible, please also send us your sample book. Briefly explain why you are writing and request the action.
Business English Writing Practice (2nd Edition)
Counter-offer