八年级上4-6讲解

八年级上4—6单元复习一、重点单词take walk forty fifty ninety hundred minute kilometer quick early other than ill worry so lesson another tomorrow invitation match whole over free till outgoing wild serious smart athletic mean as both physics however make laugh interest though necessary beat care friendship information woman use useful sick before begin between excited fast safety二、重点短语by bus by plane=by air by ship=by water by bus/take a bus by taxi/take a taxi by bike/ride a bike how far depend on the day after tomorrow come over more than be good at get to from…to…too much thanks for call sb look the same be freebe different from a small number of need to do sth be ill in hospital study for a test have a piano lesson go to the concert the whole day in some ways make sb do sth三、重点句型How do you get to school? I get to school on foot.=I walk to school.It takes+sb+时间+to doHow far is it from the zoo to the school?-- It’s 5 kilometers from the zoo to the school.Can you come to my party?—Yes, I’d love to./Sorry, I have to do my homework.I’m more outgoing than my sister.What does she think of the transportation there?My friend is the same as meWe are both quiet. We both have black eyes.四、知识点讲析1 take—took—takentake（拿走）---bring（带来）You took the photos to your home yesterday, can you bring them to school tomorrow?take（乘坐）take a bus take a taxi重要：take（花费）与cost pay spend 相区分take常用于It takes sb+时间+to do，因此句子主语常是it，我们可根据it判断使用takeIt takes him 20 minutes to get to school.It took Tom 15 minutes to finish the work.I think it will take you 2 hours to clean up the room.cost—cost--cost的主语常是某事物The book cost me 5 yuan.pay—paid--paid的主语常是某人，常见用法sb pay+钱+for+某物sb pay sb+钱Jack paid 20yuan for the book. He paid me 5,000yuan.spend—spent--spent的主语常是某人，常见用法sb spend+时间/金钱+(in)doing sb spend+时间/金钱+on sth He always spends much time playing computer games.I spent 6,000yuan on the computer.2 quick—quickly 与fast soon相区分quick/quickly表动作快：I had a quick lunch. Please do it quickly.fast表速度快：He runs fast. soon表时间快，常用于一般将来时：He will come back soon.How soon will he come back?—In two hours.（一般将来时中表示“多少时间以后”用in）另补充：形容词和副词的用法形容词的用法一：在连系动词后He is excited. Tom feels sad.用法二：在名词前修饰名词an excellent boy副词的用法一：在动词后修饰动词Look at the blackboard carefully.用法二：在形容词前修饰形容词very good quite noisy3 other及其变化形式在初中教材中多次出现，而且它的变化形式很多，有以下几种：the other, others, the others, another 等。

它们的用法现归纳如下；other可作形容词或代词，做形容词时，意思是“别的，其他”，泛指“其他的（人或物）”。

如：Do you have any other question(s)? 你还有其他问题吗？the other指两个人或物中的一个时，只能用the other，不能用another，此时的other作代词，常见于词组one…the other如：He has two daughters. One is a nurse, the other is a worker. 他有两个女儿，一个是护士，另一个是工人。

the other后可加单数名词，也可加复数名词，此时的other作形容词。

如：On the other side of the street，there is a tall tree. 在街道的另一边，有一棵大树。

Mary is much taller than the other girls. 玛丽比其他的女孩高得多。

others是other的复数形式，泛指“另外几个”，“其余的”。

在句中可作主语、宾语。

如：Some of us like singing and dancing, others go in for sports.我们一些人喜欢唱歌和跳舞，其余的从事体育活动。

the others意思是“其他东西，其余的人”。

特指某一范围内的“其他的（人或物）”。

是the other的复数形式。

如：Two boys will go to the zoo, and the others will stay at home.两个男孩将去动物园，其余的留在家里。

another=an+ other，既可作形容词，也可作代词，只能用于三个或更多的人或物，泛指同类事物中的三者或三者以上的“另一个”，只能代替或修饰单数可数名词。

如：I don’t like this one. Please show me another. 我不喜欢这一个，请给我看看另一个。

I have three daughters. One is a nurse, another is a teacher and another is a worker.我有三个女儿。

一个是护士，另一个是教师，还有一个是工人。

4 worry—worried 常见词组be worried about和worry aboutLucy’s mother is very worried about her. Don’t worry about me.5 lesson除“功课”之意，还有“教训”的意思。

6 over的用法一：结束Class is over.用法二：在…正上方（above表示“在…水平面之上”）There is a bridge over the river. The temperature is eight above zero.用法三：多于，超过=more than The number of the students is over 50.7 free:词义一为“空闲”（反义词busy，该词有个常用词组be busy doing,如：They are busy cleaning the room.）I’m free. 词义二为“免费”The tickets are free.8 mean—meaning What does the word”advice”mean?= What’s the meaning of the word”advice”?9 both（两者都）与all（三者或三者以上都）neither（两者都不）none（三者或三者以上都不）either （也不；两者中的任一个）There are many trees on both sides of the road.=There are many trees on either side of the road.both 与all在句中的位置是：be动词之后，行为动词之前。

如：They are both/all students.They both/all like apples.Neither of the books is mine. 词组neither…nor…（既不…也不…，连接主语时谓语动词的使用遵循就近原则）Neither he nor I am excited.另：表示“某人也一样”用so+情态动词/be动词/助动词+主语，表示“某人也不”用neither/nor+情态动词/be动词/助动词+主语He likes red, so do I. Tom didn’t play soccer, neither did I.None of them likes math.either: He doesn’t like it, I don’t like it, either.either 常见词组：either…or…（或者…或者…，连接主语时谓语动词的使用遵循就近原则）Either he or she likes the concert, I am not sure.10 make—made—made 常见词组：make sb adj make sb do11 sick与ill：sick常在名词前，ill只作表语sick people He is ill in hospital.12 between（两者之间：between…and…）与among（三者或三者以上之间）13 safe—safety dangerous—danger14 the day after tomorrow后天，用于一般将来时the day before yesterday前天，用于一般过去时15 be good at=do well in He is good at playing the piano.=He does well in playing the piano.Tom is better at math than me. Jack is the best at English in his class.be good for反义be bad for A healthy lifestyle is good for your body.Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.16 区分get to/reach/arrive in/arrive at17 区分too much/too many/much tootoo much:太多，后用不可数名词There is too much milk.too many:太多，后用可数名词复数There are too many trees. 【注意没有many too】much too:实在太，后用形容词或副词The box is much too heavy.18 call sb=call sb up=ring sb=ring sb up=telephone sb=make a telephone call to sb=give sb a call 给某人打电话19 a small number of 少数The number of the students is59.20 need的用法一：sb need to do It’s cold outside, you need to wear this coat.用法二：sth need doing（表“某物需要被…”）The TV needs repairing.21 比较级需要注意和记住的：（1）必须是同类别的人或事物进行比较，而且不能出现包含和被包含的关系。