作业搞完了

A Comparative Study of Chinese
and English ColorCulture
课程名称: 跨文化交际
授课教师：章志敏
班级：商英 11304
学生姓名：谭捷
Abstract
This thesis is about the differences of Chinese and western culture.In order to illustrate the differences clearly,i conduct the essay from three different aspects:the way of behaving the etiquette ,the way of communication, the way of family education.The reason why i choose these three aspects is that,first,eating is related to the normal life of people which is easy to reflect the real differences between Chinese and western people,second,besides of the eating,communication matters a lot to people and it happens all the time and place,third,now that we are talking about the culture differences,and education is a vital component of it,so comes the education.
With the developing of the world,the countries are doomed to communicate with others.To solve the environmental problem.the whole world should tie with each other.To solve the HIV.we should be together too.But, as cooperation is moving on,there must exist hidden troubles resulting from the different culture.So we ought to overcome the wooden horse.and eliminate any troubles that may hurt the relationship between countries.Or,instead of making profit.none of the country can survive in such a complicated and competitive world.people throughout the world have found it increasingly necessary to minimize the rate of misunderstanding due to miscommunication in their contacts with another. In the most human beings were born, lived, and died within a limited geographical area, never encountering people of other cultural backgrounds. It might be said that technological advances have been most effective in creating the boundless word, the global community. As our world shrinks and its inhabitants become interdependent, people from remote cultures increasingly come into contact on a daily basis.
So more and more people are supporting to learn the differences between countries,which will surely help the countries to step in a better world and find a better atmosphere to develop the earth home
Key Words:differences.culture.eating,education,communication.
First.the way of behaving the etiquette.they have difference in interpersonal communication. Both these two culture are all focus on interpersonal communication. However, they are different in communicating ways. For example, it is a general idea to address somebody which can include many different meanings. The word of uncle can refers to many people in western, but only means the bother of somebody’s father in Chinese. There is no clearly distinction between the relationships of these kinds of w ord. What’s more, we address somebody Mr. only means he is a teacher or he is an admirable person in the old times, while it means he is a male in western. Thirdly, westerners seldom use the formal job title to address somebody. Oppositely, it means respec table to the person which you addressed. And it is the symbol of one person’s status and social class. Last but not least, shake-hands etiquette is very different in America and China. Shake hands is not necessary when you meet someone in America. However, shake-hands etiquette include many manners, such as when people want to shake hands between female and male, female would stretch out her hand first. And both of them should take off their gloves and look at each others’ eyes. On the contrast, shake-hands is the basic manners in China, but it isn’t requires too much rules.
This greatly differences between America and China in etiquette is mainly caused by three reasons. First of all, the personal values are different from each other. Americans believe in individualism. They proud of themselves, and they want to show the confidence and self-honor whenever wherever. The center of Chinese culture is Confucianism which tells the basic manner of people is self-effacing and self-denial. The collectivism also influenced Chinese deeply.
The second reason is the different social customs. During Medieval age, westerners think highly of the people who can help the sick and the disabled, particularly those who can show their care for women, which can be called the “spirit of chivalry”. And nowadays American calls it gentleness. We can se e that lady first is very popular in America. While in China, the traditional culture tells that male is upper than female no matter the statues and social classes.
The final reason is the different values towards the social ranks. Thousand years of feudalism made Chinese lay stress on social ranks. And Confucianism believes that everything should be in order, and everything has its order. The westerners believe in equality. It’s their belief and dream which they pursue for always.
The differences between two countries never can stop the communication of
each other. We should learn more advantages from each other to enrich ourselves culture and get a better understanding of each other’s culture. Various kinds of culture make the world colorful and the inter cultural communication study’s exist make the world harmony.
Secondly, the way of communication. Form birth to death, communication plays an integral part in our life. There are some language problems, including the different styles of using language such as direct, indirect; expansive, succinct; argumentative, conciliatory; instrumental, harmonizing; and so on. These different styles can lead to wrong interpretations of intent and evaluation of insincerity, aggressiveness, deviousness, or arrogance, among other. The misinterpretation nonverbal signs and symbols such as gestures, postures, and other body movements. It is a definite communication barrier. But it is possible to learn the meanings of these observable message,usually in informal rather ways. It is more difficult to understand the less obvious unspoken codes of the other cultures. Language, as the carrier of culture, is created during the process of human beings’productive labor and serves as the tool of communication to convey the message between people. However, it has been endowed with magic and power in particular language acts. As the old saying goes, troubles come out of the tongue. Superstitious people think that the language itself can bring about fortune or misfortune so that taboos to restrict the use of language are created. Anyone who violates them will get punishment, whereas those who faithfully obey the restrictions of language taboo will get protection. Furthermore, linguistic taboos change with the development of society .The paper firstly analyzes the evolution of linguistic taboo. It is indicated in the paper that linguistic taboo exists in almost every aspect of people’s life and is a universal social phenomenon in China and Britain. Both Chinese and English cultures are in agreement about linguistic taboos such as pronunciation taboo, and vocabulary taboo. However, influenced by different cultural backgrounds, ideologies and the concepts of value, Chinese and English linguistic taboos also have differences, as is discussed in the paper from the aspects of taboo subjects, taboo numbers and names. At last, this paper puts forward two effective ways of avoiding taboo, that is, using euphemism and having a good knowledge of the taboo culture. And this discussion would help English learners improve their ability of cross-cultural communication and achieve better communicational effects. For example, During the feudal times, people were not equal to the rulers and were suppressed by their superiors. The distinction between the
upper and the lower classes was also reflected in the evaluation of the language used by them respectively. The words of upper class used were considered good and elegant while those used by the lower class were regarded as vulgar and indecent and should be avoided in the speech of ladies and gentlemen. In modern society, as a result of the development of science and technology, many natural phenomena are no longer mysterious. Human beings not only constantly improve their abilities to exploit the world where they are living through their great wisdom and knowledge, but also make efforts to explore the extraterrestrial world. Science has much more say in today’s society. Thereby, the superstitious elements in linguistic taboos decrease while those reflecting spiritual civilization increase.
In short, by comparison, we can find that both Chinese and English communication reflect people’s psychology for good will, for safety and fortune and pleasantness. The Chinese and English people restrict their words and deeds through taboos, trying to keep a harmonious relationship between human and nature, or between people and society. They are a reflection of people’s pursuit of freedom and equality.
The most important, the different way of family structure, family values and family education. Family structure is the big difference between east and west, traditional Chinese, and many other Asians, respect their elders and feel a deep sense of duty toward them. Children repay their parents` sacrifices by being successful and supporting them in old age. This is accepted as a natural part of life in China. In contrast, taking care of aged parents is often viewed as a tremendous burden in the English-speaking countries, where aging and family support are not honored highly. In some English-speaking countries are still extremely family-oriented. They are dedicated to helping their children and will sacrifice greatly for their children to get an education. In turn, the children are devoted to their parents, who often live nearby. Grown children who go away and leave the country for the economic reasons typically send large parts of their salary home to their parents and the rest of the family. Or in some Asia, any decisions or actions are done from family consideration, not individual desires. People`s behavior is judged on whether it brings shame or pride to the family. The children are trained to rely on their families, to honor elderly people, and to fear foreigners. And many of them think that their actions in this life will influence their status in the next life.
The way of family education is also the different. We all know the family education is
the elementary education for children. Many serious problems have appeared in our education system in recent years. Almost everyone has realized the importance of solving these problems and many people have presented a lot of valuable suggestions. There are many types of family education in the world and each of them shows distinctive features and is closely responsive to its culture. And American family education is the most famous one among them. There are great differences in the concepts of education, methods of education and results of education between East family education and West family education. The so-called training contains many aspects, such as work, temper will, patience, the spirit of hard work, etc. However, the most fundamental training is the ability of adapting to hard conditions. Through the process of work, children will form the labor sense, learn some work skills and form a habit of labor. Besides, children can learn how to overcome difficulties, temper their willpower, develop their talents and skills, rich their knowledge, and form a habit of hard work and thrifty by working in hard conditions. It is just in the unconsciously process that children will obtain the independent survivability and take the responsibilities for the society. Compared with some English-speaking countries, Chinese parents have a very different concept of children’s education. Some parents in China only care about whether the children have a promising future, a good job, a good life or not. Based on these expectations, the majority of parents feel that their responsibility for their children is to create as good conditions as possible they can so that the children will not worry about anything in the future. Chinese parents would like to provide everything what they can for their children in the process of children’s growth. In short, they would like to sacrifice anything if their children can live better with their help. Therefore, in the process of children’s growth, the most important thing the parents concerning is to developing their children’s intellect, except for caring children’s daily life. In order to make their children have a good performance in study, become outstanding, or even become a famous person in the future, they would not let children do anything except studying. As for the children’is independence, civic awareness and their ability adapting to the society in the future, they consider little or not at all. From these aspects we can find the obvious differences of family education between America and China.
When we faced with those difference between West and East, we should give some advice to solve these problems. According to the three big difference that pointed, we
should find some way to deal with these problems.
We can study other languages and learn to expect in forms and other cultural aspects. We can train ourselves to meet intercultural encounters with more attention to situation details. We can use an investigative approach rather than stereotypes and preconceptions. We can gradually expose ourselves to differences so that they become less threatening. We can even learn to lower our tension level when needed to avoid triggering defensive reactions. The overall goal should be to achieve intercultural communication competence.
So the ideal solution to reduce the problems are to share knowledge with others in communication. This is why it is easiest to communicate with other members of the same group. This is why people so often gather together socially with others who are very much like them. Since intercultural communication is communication with members of different cultural groups, and therefore, because we do not share knowledge, assumptions, values, and forms of discourse with them, we must expect there to be problems of interpretation. We must look for these problems, anticipate where they will arise out of our differences, and then plan our communications to be as effective as possible.
However, we have to remember that, most of the time, the different ways that are the customs of different cultures are neither right nor wrong. It is simply that different people do the same tings in different manners, even though we can not understand ,we should show the respect. I believe this is the best way to make our life become more comfortable and make the world more harmonious.
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