实用会计英语课件1-18

Operating results of business Profit sharing policy
Make decisions
Whether to increase, or decrease investments
1-20
Present and Potential Creditors
Banks
Owners of the business
Hired managers
1-18
Management
Major function of accounting To provide management with relevant and useful information
Such as: what was the company’s net income during the past year?
1-23
Other Groups
Financial analysts and advisers brokers lawyers economists the financial press
They advise investors and creditors and have an Indirect interest in the financial performance of a business.
well.
Income taxes Social security Payroll taxes Excised taxes
Sales taxes
Tax authorities don’t have direct financial interest in the company, but they usually analyze the tax status undertaken by a business to establish tax policy.
Accounting is defined as the process of maintaining, auditing, and processing financial information for business purposes.
1-13
Accounting Definition
The modern accountant
counting Bookkeeping
1-9
Accounting Definition
Accounting
Accurate financial reports
Useful to managers, regulators, and shareholders, creditors or owners
1-27
The Work of Public Accountants
Work for their own compay Work for other accouting companies
provide accounting services to individuals, businesses, and governments Concentrate on tax matters Specialize in forensic accounting
“The art of recording, classifying, and summarizing
in a significant manner and in terms of money, transactions and events which are, in part at least, of a financial character, and interpreting the results thereof.”
Users with
1-16
Direct Financial Interest
Management Present and Potential Investors Present and Potential Creditors
1-17
Management
Management
Management is the group in a business who has overall responsibility for operating the business and for achieving the business goals.
1-24
Other Groups
Customers The general public They are concerned about the operating results, the effects that corporations have on inflation, the environment, social problems, and the quality of life.
Individuals
Suppliers
Finance companies Insurance firms Securities firms Mortgage companies
They are interested in whether the company will have the cash to pay the interest and repay the debt at fixed time.
1-1
CHAPTER 1
General View of Accounting
1-2
Introduction of accounting
* Second oldest profession * Participated in the development of
nations, trade, finance, money and banking
Decision maker
The Users of
1-15
Accounting Information
Users
1. those who have a direct interest in the business including management;
2. those who have indirect interest in the business.
1-6
Introduction of accounting
Management accounting
World War One (1914-1918)
Accountants assist in the control of costs in relation to the production of ammunitions: bullets, bombs, explosives, etc.
1-4
Introduction of accounting
The first known English book on accounting
John Gouge, 1543
A Profitable Treatyce called the Instrument or Boke to learn to know the good order of the kepying of the famouse reconynge, called in Latyn, Dare and Habdare, and, in Englysh Debitor and Creditor.
* Double-entry
bookkeeping fueled the Renaissance
1-3
Introduction of accounting
Luca Pacioli (1445-1517)
Summa di Arithmetica
treatise on book-keeping
People have understood accounting on a scientific principle in Italy
1-8
Accounting Definition
It is the means of recording transactions and keeping records.
≠ Accounting
Bookkeeping
Bookkeeping is the day-to-day record-keeping involved in the process of accounting.
1-25
Accounting Profession
Public Accounting
Government Accounting
Management Accounting
Internal Auditing
1-26
Public Accountants
Certified Public
Accountants
Users with
1-21
Indirect Financial Interest
Tax Authorities Other Groups
1-22
Tax Authorities
Governments
Each tax requires special tax returns and often a complex set of records as
What products are most profitable? What is the cost of manufacturing each product?
1-19
Present and Potential Investors
They are interested in the past success of the business and its potential earnings in the future.