An Introduction to Old and Medieval English Literature(1)
英美文学作家及作品
PART ONE: ENGLISH LITERATURE 英国文学An Introduction to Old and Medieval English LiteratureChapter 1 The Renaissance Period 文艺复兴时期I. Edmund Spenser 埃蒙德.斯宾塞牧人日记《The Shepheardes Calender》仙后《The Faerie Queene》婚曲《Epithalamion》II. Christopher Marlowe 克里斯托夫.马洛帖木儿-----Tamburlaine浮士德博士的悲剧----Dr. Faustus爱德华二世----Edward II激情的牧人致心爱的姑娘---- The Passionate Shepherd to His LoveIII. William Shakespeare 威廉.莎士比亚哈姆莱特---Hamlet奥塞罗---Othello李尔王—King Lear麦克白--Macbeth终成眷属---All’s Well That Ends Well仲夏夜之梦—A Midsummer Night’s Dream威尼斯商人---The Merchant of Venice无事生非---Much Ado about Nothing皆大欢喜---As You Like It罗密欧和朱丽叶---Romeo and JulietIV. Francis Bacon 弗兰西斯.培根培根散文集---Essays学术的进展---The Advancement of Learning新工具----Novum Organum法律原理---Maxims of Law—论学习---Of StudiesV. John Donne 约翰.邓恩挽歌与讽刺----The Elegies and Satires歌与十四行诗---The Songs and Sonnets告别爱情----Farewell to Love圣十四行诗---Holly Sonnets圣父赞美诗----A Hymn to God the Father日出---The Sun Rising死亡，你别骄傲---Death, Be Not ProudVI. John Milton 约翰.弥尔顿失乐园---Paradise Lost复乐园---Paradise Regained力士参孙----Samson AgonistesChapter 2 The Neoclassical Period 新古典主义时期I. John Bunyan 约翰.班扬天路历程---The Pilgrim’s Progress罪人头目的赦免---Grace Abounding to the Chiel of Sinners拜得门先生生死录—The Life and Death of Mr. Badman圣战----The Holy WarII. Alexander Pope 亚历山大.蒲伯论批评---An Essay on Criticism夺发记---The Rape of the Lock群愚史诗---The Dunciad人伦---An Essay on Man译有荷马史诗《伊利亚特》、《奥德塞》III. Daniel Defoe 丹尼尔.笛福鲁滨逊漂流记----Robinson Crusoe辛利顿船长----Captain Singleton莫尔.弗朗德斯-----Moll Flanders杰克上校----Colonel Jack— <成为异教徒的捷径>---The Shortest Way with the Dissenters(1702) 让他身陷囹圄《地地道道的英国人》-The True-Born Englishman使他成为英王的好朋友。
英国文学习题及答案-推荐下载
第一部分The introduction of the old and medieval periodI.填空1. The time of old English literature is__________.2. The period extended from about 450-1066, the year of the Norman-France conquest of England is called__________.3. The major achievement of the old and medieval period is____________.4. Literature in this period is divided into ________________and_________________.5. Beowulf is an epic consist of ____lines and is to be divided into _____ part.II判断正误1. "The father of English song" is Caedmon, he wrote a poetic paraphrase of the Bible. ( ).2. Beowulf is England national Poetry ( ).3. The major achievement of The Old and Medieval Period is Epic ( ).4. Beowulf is an epic consists of 3181 lines and is divided into 2 parts ( ).5. Alliteration is a repeated initial consonant to successive words ( ).III.大题What's the definition of epic?答案.1. (449A.D---1066)2. The Anglo-Saxon Period3. Poetry4. Pagan literature& Christian literature5. 3182, 2判断正误1. T2. F (Epic)3. F (poetry)4. F (3182)5. T大题What's the definition of epic?It is originally an oral narrative poem, majestic both in the theme and style. Epics deal with legendary or historical events of national or universal significance, involving actions of broad sweep and grandeur.第二部分Geoffrey ChaucerI.填空1. Geoffrey Chaucer was buried in the _______after he died. The place where he waslater became the famous _______.2. Chaucer's literary career is usually divided into three phrases______, _______and________.3. Chaucer is the forerunner of _________, he affirms men's and women's right to pursue _______and opposed asceticism.4. Chaucer is the founder of English ______, the presents to the readers comprehensive realistic picture of ______of his time and describes a series of vivid character from all walks of life in his major work______.5. ______was his most famous but unfinished work.II判断正误6. Chaucer died on the 25th of Oct. 1400 and was the first to be buried in the Poets Corner of Westminster Abbey. ( )7. Chaucer's literary career can be divided into four periods corresponding with those of his life. ( )8.Chaucer presented a comprehensive realistic picture of his age and created a whole gallery of vivid characters in his works ( )9. Chaucer's reputation has been securely established as one of the best English poets for his wisdom, humor and humanity ( )10. He exposed and satirized the social vices, including religious abuses. ( )III.大题11. What is the contribution of Geoffrey Chaucer?1. The Canterbury Tales was his most famous but unfinished work, it is unique for its variety, humor, grace and realism.2. Chaucer became the first great poet of the English nation and give strong influences over the development of English literature.3. Chaucer affirmed man's right to pursue earthly happiness and opposed asceticism.4. Chaucer bore marks of humanism and anticipated a new era to come.答案：1. Westminster Abbey Poet's Corner2. The French Period The Italian period The English period3. Humanism earthly happiness4. Realism English society The Canterbury Tales5. The Canterbury Tales6-10 T F T T T第三部分Renaissance PeriodI.填空1, Renaissance refers to the period between ____ century.2, Renaissance first started in _____ with the flowering of ____, _____, and ____.3, _____ is the essence of the Renaissance. Another important part of this Renaissance movement was the ____.4, The Renaissance of the most important products are ____ and ____.5, ______, _______, and ______are the best representative of the English humanists. II.判断1, The Renaissance, which means rebirth or revival, is actually a movement stimulated by a series of historical events. ( )2, Humanism is the essence of the Renaissance. ( )3, The Renaissance period divided into 2 parts. They are Pagan and Christian. ( ) 4, In the Renaissance period, the literary style are poet, prose and drama. ( )5, The religious reformation was the important part of Renaissance. ( )III.大题How do you understand humanism is the essence of the Renaissance?答案填空1,14th and mid-17th2, Italy, painting, sculpture, literature3, Humanism, religious reformation4, poetry, drama5, Thomas More, Christopher Marlowe, William Shakespeare判断1，T 2, T 3，F 4，T 5, T大题Humanism is the essence of the Renaissance. Renaissance humanists found in the classics a justification. By emphasizing the dignity of human beings and the importance of the present life, they voiced their beliefs that man did not only have the right to enjoy the beauty of his life, but also had the ability to perfect himself and to perform wonders.第四部分SpenserI.填空题:1. Edmund Spenser's most ambitious poetic achievement is _________ .2.Each book has a _________ who performs noble deeds for a glorious fairy queen whom Spenser intentionally associates with Queen Elizabeth Ⅰ.3. The Knight in each book represents ___________ .4. Edmund Spenser has been called"___________", because of his idealism, his love of beauty, and his exquisite melody.5. Edmund Spenser was strongly influenced by____________, but was also earthy and practical.6. Edmund Spenser was the greatest ____________ poet of the Elizabethan Age, and the first master of _________.II.判断题:1. Edmund Spenser's most ambitious poetic achievement is Gloriana.2. Edmund Spenser was born in London to a wealth family.3. Spenser had planned to write 12 book for this great poem, but he completed only six.4. Spenser studied philosophy, rhetoric, Italian, French, Latin and Greek to prepare himself as a poet.5. He spent the rest of his life holding various posts in the government except for three visits to England.III.简答题：Please describe the comments on Spenser.答案填空题1. The Faerie Queene2. Hero knight3. A different moral4. poets' poet5. Non-dramatic, English verse6. Renaissance Neo-Platonism判断题1. F (The Faerie Queene)2. F(poor)3. T4. T5. F(two)简答题（1）the greatest non-dramatic poet of the Elizabethan Age, and the first master of English verse, which he made the natural music of his voice.（2）Spencer has been called the "poets' poet", because of his idealism, his love of beauty, and his exquisite melody. Spencer has exerted great influence on later poets. （3）Edmund Spenser was a man of his times, and his work reflects the religious and humanistic ideals as well as the intense but critical patriotism of Elizabethan England. His contributions to English literature-in the form of a heightened and enlarged poetic vocabulary, a charming and flexible verse style, and a rich fusing of the philosophic and literary currents of the English Renaissance-entitle him to a rank not far removed from that of William Shakespeare and John Milton.第五部分MarloweI.填空1.Marlowe's three tragedies are_____,______ and ______.2.Marlowe's non-dramatic poetry are_____ and ______.3.Marlowe's verse translation is _________.4.Dr. Faustus is a play based on the ________ of a magician aspiring for knowledge.5.It is Marlowe who first made ________, the principal instrument of English drama and created dramatic effects.II.判断1.Dr. Faustus is Marlowe's non-dramatic poetry.2.Marlowe's creation of the Renaissance hero for English drama is one of his achievements.3.Marlowe is the greatest of the pioneers of English drama.4.The Jew of Malta is a rich and greedy merchant. He pursues wealth endlessly and finally is betrayed and gets killed.5.Dr. Faustus shows the Renaissance human spirit of pursuing knowledge, as well as the courage to challenge fate and authority.III.大题What is the achievement of Marlowe?答案：填空1.Tamburlaine，The Jew of Malta ，Dr. Faustus2.Hero and Leander，The Passionate shepherd to His Love3. Amores （Ovid 's）4.German legend5.blank verse判断1.F2.T3.T4.T5.T大题1.It is Marlowe who first made blank verse, the principal instrument of English drama and created dramatic effects.2.His creation of Renaissance hero for English drama.3. His dramatic achievement lies chiefly in his epical and at times lyrical verse.第六部分ShakespeareⅠ. 填空题：1.Shakespeare is an English () and (), his contributions to the development of () is tremendous.2.It is Shakespeare who breaks the division between () and () and creates () plays that have both tragic and comic elements.3.Shakespeare is one of the founders of ().4.Shakespeare wrote four famous tragedies: Hamlet, Othello, (), and King Lear.5.The dramatic career of Shakespeare is divided into () period.6.In Shakespeare's lifetime, he wrote () plays, () sonnets and () long poems.7.The rhyme scheme of Shakespeare is (), (),() and ().8.Shakespeare was regarded as the greatest () in the English language and the world's pre-eminent ().9.Shakespeare's works include history plays, comedy, tragedy, () and ().10. () and （）occupy a central position in the sonnet sequence.Ⅱ. 判断题：1.His contributions to the development of poet (drama) are tremendous.2.In the second period of Shakespeare's dramatic career, he wrote five histories---Richard Ⅱ,Henry Ⅵ(Ⅳ), Parts Ⅰand Ⅱ, and HenryⅤ.3.The four tragedies of Shakespeare are Hamlet, Macbeth, Coriolanus (King Lear) and Othello.4.Shakespeare's comedies (tragedies) are often regarded as the greatest accomplishments of the dramatist.5.He also wrote 154 sonnets, which were published in 1600(1609). Shakespeare wrote his sonnets in the popular English form of three quatrains and (a couplet).6.In Shakespeare's plays, he did not hesitate to describe the cruelty and anti-natural character of the civil wars, but he did not go all the way against the feudal one.Ⅲ. 论述题1. As a playwright，how different is Ben Johnson from Shakespeare?Johnson's theory of "humours" reduces his characters to types, who represent greed, vanity, falsehood, etc. They are flat, one-sided and have no development. Unlike him, Shakespeare digs deep into human nature and depicts the complexities of human relations. Also, Ben Johnson advocates classic Roman and Greek masters, strictly observes the three unities and disapproves of any mixture of the tragic with the comic, while Shakespeare creates according to his own judgment and the taste of the audience, and is very flexible in his handling of drama rules set by the predecessors.2. Please introduce the different periods of Shakespeare's literary career. Shakespeare's literary career may be divided into 3 major periods which represent respectively his early, mature and late period. In the first period(1590-1600)，he created mainly history plays and comedies: such as Henry IV, The Merchant of Venice and The Twelfth Night. The second period (1601-1608) is the one of great tragedies, namely Hamlet, Othello, Macbeth and King Lear. In the last period (1609-1612), he wrote dramatic romances.3. Please translate the following soliloquyTo be, or not to be- that is the question:Whether 'tis nobler in the mind to sufferThe slings and arrows of outrageous fortuneOr to take arms against a sea of troubles,And by opposing end them. To die- to sleep-No more; and by a sleep to say we endThe heartache, and the thousand natural shocksThat flesh is heir to. 'Tis a consummationDevoutly to be wish'd.To die- to sleep.To sleep- perchance to dream: ay, there's the rub!For in that sleep of death what dreams may comeWhen we have shuffled off this mortal coil,Must give us pause.生存还是毁灭，这是一个值得考虑的问题；默然忍受暴虐的命运矢石交攻，还是拿起武器勇对无涯的苦难，通过抗争把它们根除，这两种行为，哪一种更高贵？死，就是睡眠就结束了；如果睡眠能结束我们心灵的创伤和肉体所承受的千百种痛苦，那真是生存求之不得的天大的好事。
英国 上古及中世纪英国文学简介
PART ONE: ENGLISHG LITERTUREAn Introduction to Old and Medieval EnglishLiteratureSince historical times, England, where the early inhabitants were Celts, has been conquered three times. It was conquered by the Romans, the Anglo-Saxons, and the Normans. England was not much affected by the Roman Conquest, but she felt the full weight of the other two conquests. The Anglo-Saxons brought to England the Germanic language and culture, while the Normans brought a fresh wave of Mediterranean civilization, which includes Greek culture, Roman law, and the Christian religion. It is the cultural influences of these two conquests that provided the source for the rise and growth of English literature.The period of Old English literature extends from about 450 to 1066, the year of the Norman conquest of England. The Germanic tribes from the Northern Europe brought with them not only the Anglo-Saxons language, the basis of Modern English, but also a specific poetic tradition, which is both bold and strong, mournful and elegiac in spirit. Generally speaking, the Old English poetry that has survived can be divided into two groups: the religious group and the secular one. The poetry of the religious group is mainly on biblical themes.Genesis A, Genesis B and Exodus are poems based on the Old Testament; whereas The Dream of the Rood comes from the New Testament. In this poem, Christ is portrayed as the young warrior striding to embrace death and victory, while the rood (cross) itself takes on the burden of his suffering. In addition to these religious compositions, Old English poets produced the national epic poem, Beowulf, and a number of more or less lyrical poems of shorter length, which do not contain specific Christian doctrines but evoke the Anglo-Saxons sense of the harshness of circumstance and the sadness of the human lot. The wanderer, Deor, The Seafarer, and The wife's Complaint are among the most beautiful in this secular group. The harsh climate of North Sea strongly affected the tone or mood of the poets. The life is sorrowful, and the speakers are fatalistic, though at the same time courageous and determined.Beowulf, a typical example of the Old English poetry, is regarded today as the national epic of the Anglo-Saxons. However, the hero and setting of Beowulf have nothing to do with England, for the story took place in Scandinavia. The poem was originally in an oral form, sung by the bards (minstrels) at the end of the 6th century. The present script was written down in the 10th century. Beginning and ending with the funeral of a great king, and composed against a background of impending disaster, Beowulf describes the exploits of the Scandinavian hero, Beowulf, in fighting against the monster Grendel, hisrevengeful mother, and a fire-breathing dragon. In these sequences Beowulf is shown not only as a glorious hero but also as a protector of the people. Thematically the poem presents a vivid picture of how the primitive people wage heroic struggles against the hostile forces of the natural world under a wise and mighty leader. The poem is an example of the mingling of nature myths and heroic legends. For instance, the battle between Beowulf and the Dragon symbolically represents that phase of Winter and Summer myth in which the Summer God, here embodied by Beowulf, fights his last battle against the Winter Dragon in order to rescue the treasures of earth, that is, the golden corn and ruddy fruits. Having given them back to men, Beowulf himself dies of the Winter's breath.The Norman Conquest brought England more than a change of rulers. Politically, a feudalist system was established in England; religiously, the Roman-backed Catholic Church had a much stronger control over the country; and great changes also took place in languages. After the conquest, three languages co-existed in England. French became the official language used by the king and the Norman lords; Latin became the principal tongue of church affairs and in universities; and Old English was spoken only by the common English people. Thus, Britain was opened up to the whole European continent.With the Norman Conquest starts the medieval period in English literature which covers about four centuries. In the early part of the period, i.e. from 1066 up to the mid-14th century, there was not much to say about literature in English. It was almost a barren period in literary creation. But in the second half of the 14th century, English literature started to flourish with the appearance of writers like Geoffrey Chaucer, William Langland, John Gower, and others. In comparison with Old English literature, Middle English literature deals with wider range of subjects, tones and genres. Popular folk literature also occupies an important place in this period. Its presentation of life is not only accurate but also lively and colorful, though the originality of thought is often absent in the literary works of this period. Besides, Middle English literature strongly reflects the principles of the medieval Christian doctrine, which were primarily concerned with the issue of personal salvation.Romance which uses narrative verse or prose to sing knightly adventures or other heroic deeds is a popular literary form in the medieval period. It has developed the characteristic medieval motifs of the quest, the test, the meeting with the evil giant and the encounter with the beautiful beloved. The hero is usually the knight, who sets out on a journey to accomplish some missions - to protect the church, to attack infidelity, to rescue a maiden, to meet a challenge, or to obey a knightly command. There is often a liberal use of the improbable, sometimes even supernatural, things in romance such as mysteries and fantasies. Romantic love is an important part of the plot in romance. Characterization is standardized, so that heroes, heroines and wicked stewards can be easily moved from one romance to another. While the structure is loose and episodic, thelanguage is simple and straightforward. The importance of the romance itself can be seen as a means of showing medieval aristocratic men and women in relation to their idealized view of the world. If the epic reflects a heroic age, the romance reflects a chivalric one.Among the three great Middle English poets, the author of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight is the one who produced the best romance of the period; while William Langland is a more realistic writer who dealt with the religious and social issues of his day in Piers Plowman. However, it is Chaucer alone who, for the first time in English literature, presented to us a comprehensive realistic picture of the English society of his time and created a whole gallery of vivid characters from all walks of life in his masterpiece The Canterbury Tales. Geoffrey Chaucer is the greatest writer of this period. Although he was born a commoner, he did not live as a commoner; and although he was accepted by the aristocracy, he must always have been conscious of the fact that he did not really belong to that society of which birth alone could make one a true member. Chaucer characteristically regarded life in terms of aristocratic ideals, but he never lost the ability of regarding life as a purely practical matter. The art of being at once involved in and detached from a given situation is peculiarly Chaucer's.The influence of Renaissance was already felt in the field of English literature when Chaucer was learning from the great Italian writers like Petrarch and Boccaccio in the last part of the 14th century. Chaucer affirmed man's right to pursue earthly happiness and opposed asceticism; he praised man's energy, intellect, quick wit and love of life; he expose and satirized the social vices, including religious abuse. It thus can be said that though essentially still a medieval writer, Chaucer bore marks of humanism and anticipated a new ear to come.From his birth do death, Chaucer dealt continually with all sorts of people, the highest and lowest, and his observant mind made the most of this ever-present opportunity. His wide range of reading gave him plots and ideas, but his experience gave him models of characters. In his works, Chaucer explores the themes of the individual's relation to the society in which he lives; he portrays clashes of characters' temperaments and their conflicts over material interests; he also shows the comic and ironic effects obtainable from the class distinctions felt by the newly emerged bourgeoisie as in the case of the Wife of Bath who is depicted as the new bourgeois wife asserting her independence. In short, Chaucer develops his characterization to a higher artistic level by presenting characters with both typical qualities and individual dispositions.Chaucer introduced from France the rhymed stanzas of various types to English poetry to replace the Old English alliterative verse. In The Romaunt of the Rose, he first introduced into English the octosyllabic couplet. In The Legend of Good Women, he used for the first time in English the rhymed couplet of iambic pentameter which is to be called later the heroic couplet. And in The CanterburyTales, Chaucer employed the heroic couplet with true ease and charm for the first time in the history of English literature. In addition to his contribution to English prosody, Chaucer also developed the art of the literature itself beyond anything to be found in any other medieval literature. In Troilus and Criseyde, he gave the world what is virtually the first modern novel. In The Canterbury Tales, he developed his art of poetry still further towards drama and the art of the novel. Though Chaucer was entirely rooted in the soil of the Middle Ages, his art is so fully realized as to carry him beyond his time and make him one of the greatest poets in English. John Dryden, who modernized several of the Canterbury tales, called Chaucer the father of English poetry.Chaucer dominated the works of his 15th-century English followers and theso-called Scottish Chaucerians. For the Renaissance, he was the English Homer. Edmund Spenser paid tribute to him as his master; many of Shakespeare's plays show thorough assimilation of Chaucer's comic spirit. Today, Chaucer's reputation has been securely established as one of the best English poets for his wisdom, humor, and humanity.。
Lecture 2(2) chaucer英国早期文学家乔叟的相关知识
Romance: a literary genre popular in the Middle Ages (5th-15th century), dealing, in verse or prose, with legendary, supernatural, or amorous subjects and characters. The name refers to Romance languages and originally denotes any lengthy composition in one of those languages. Later the term was applied to tales specifically concerned with knights, chivalry and courtly love.
Life & Literary Influence of Chaucer
Part 3: Geoffrey Chaucer’s Time (1350-1485)
→ page, diplomat (Petrarch,Boccaccio, Dante), comptroller, parliament, clerk of Windsor, pension → “The Poet’ s Corner” in Westminster Abby → Phases of Chaucer’s literary life 1)1355-1372, French period—translator: The Romance
Part 3: Geoffrey Chaucer’s Time (1350-1485)
Historical Overview ¤ In 1154, Normans' conquest ended ¤1154-1485, Henry II, the Plantagenet's ¤1338-1453, the War of 100-year ¤1348-1449, the Black Death ¤1455-1485, The War of Roses ¤ In 1485, Henry VII, the Tudor---the end of the feudalism
英美文学选读Literature
• ①The re-discovery of ancient Roman&Greek culture
• ②The new discoveries in geography & astrology, the religious reformation & the economic expansion.
motifs of the quest, the test, the meeting with t evil giant and the encounter with the beautiful beloved.
• ③The hero is usually the knight, who sets out on
Chaucer ’s achievement
• ①He presented a comprehensive r e a l i s t i c picture of his age and created a whole galle of vivid characters in his works, especiall The Canterbury Tales.
ease and charm for the first time in the history of English literature.
• oets in English ; John Dryden called him “the fat of English poetry ”.
1English Literature
GENERAL PROLOGUE: INTRODUCTION THE KNIGHT’S TALE THE MILLER’S TALE WIFE OF BATH’S TALE
1 Prologue + 24 tales
THE PARDONER’S Tale
THE NUN’S PRIEST’STALE
Chaucer’s Contributions
stressed , unstressed Who has seen the wind? Neither I nor you;
Who has seen the wind? Neither I nor you;
Note: it is not iambic
Except from The Canterbury Tales
Introduced from France the rhymed stanzas of various types to English poetry to replace the old English alliterative verse Heroic couplet: the rhymed couplet of iambic pentameter
Original Text:
Hwæt! We Gardena in geardagum, þeodcyninga, þrym gefrunon, hu ða æþelingas ellen fremedon. Oft Scyld Scefing sceaþena þreatum, monegum mægþum, meodosetla ofteah, egsode eorlas.
And pierce the drought of March to the root and all
文学术语解释
An Introduction to Old and Medieval English Literature(450—1066)Definitions of Literary Terms(名词解释与文学术语)1. Couplet 对句( 指两行尾韵相谐的诗句) A couplet is two consecutive lines of poetry that rhyme. The couplet composed of two iambic pentameter lines (五音步抑扬格诗行)—more commonly known as the heroic couplet ( 英雄偶句诗)—--is the most favored form.2. Elegy哀歌、挽歌 A poem of mourning, usually over the death of an individual. It may also be a lament over the passing of life and beauty or a meditation on the nature of death. An elegy is a type of lyric poem, usually formal in language and structure.3. Epic 史诗An epic is a long narrative poem telling about the deeds of a great hero and reflecting the values of the society from which it originated. Many epics were drawn from an oral tradition and were transmitted by song and recitation before they were written down.4. Exodus 《出埃及记》The second book of the Old Testament, containing an account of the departure of the Israelites from Egypt under the leadership of Moses.5. Genesis A：《创世纪》The second book of the Old Testament, containing an account of the departure of the Israelites from Egypt under the leadership of Moses.6. Homer 荷马Greek epic poet, probably of the 8th century BC, to whom are ascribed the Iliad ( 《伊利亚特》) and Odyssey (《奥德赛》). Nothing is known about his life, nor even of the genesis of the poems.7. Iambic pentameter 五音步抑扬格：英诗的韵律主要包括两方面的内容: 1) 每个音步中轻重音节的排列形式, 即格律。
An Introduction to Old an Medieval English Literature
An Introduction to Old an Medieval English Literature1.Medieval: middle ages2.Weight of : influence of…..3.Mediterranean: Mediterranean sea or the countries/region that surround it4.Mournful: very sad or grieve5.Elegiac: sadness6.Secular: not connected with spiritual or religious matter7.Gnesis: begin or origin of sth8.Exodus: a situation in which many people leave a place at the same time9.Testament: a thing that shows that sth else exisits or is true10.Portray: describe or show11.Warrior: a person who flight in a battle12.Stride: to walk a long step13.Embrace: accept14.Epic: a great and impressive15.More or less: almost16.Lyrical: expressing strong emotion in a way that’s beautiful and showsimagination.17.Evoke: to bring an memory/a feeling/an image into your mind18.Harshness: cruel ,unkind, severe very difficult and unpleasant to live inunpleasant to listen19.Fatalistic: showing a brief in fate and feeling that you can’t control events or stopthem from happening20.Scandinavia: a cultural region in New EU consisting of ……….21.Bard: poet22.Minstrel: singer23.Impending: (usual an unpleasant event) that’s going to happen very soon24.Drag on : to go on for too long25.Ruddy: red in colour,health26.Give back: to return sth to it’s owner27.Feudalist: the social system that existed during the Middle Ages in Europe inwhich people were given land and protection by a nobleman, and had to work and fight for him in return28.Catholic: 天主教徒29.Barren : infertile30.Utter: to say sth make sound31.Narrative: story a description of events especially in a novel32.Verse: poetry, stanzas33.Prose: writing34.Quest: (N) long search for sth(quality); (v) to search for sth that’s difficult tofind35.Motif: a design/ pattern used as decoration36.Infidelity : unfaithfulness37.Episodic: happening occasionally and not at regular intervals. Containing andconsisting of many separate and different events.38.Liberal : liberate39.Improbable : unlikely ,unexpected40.Fantasies: fantacy41.Wicked : morally bad42.Aristocratic : noble43.Chivalric : (a) polite/kind behavious44.Masterpiece : a work of art such as a painting, film, book, etc. that is an excellent,or the best, example of artist’s work.45.Asceticism : monks; hermits; ascetic46.Clash : (n) argument, different two events happen at the same time. (vt)argue, flight, compete; oppose.47.Satirized: (vt) to show the faults in a person/an organization/a system etc.48.Anticipate : expect49.Dealt : deal50.Temperament : person’s/ animal’s nature51.Ironic : 挖苦的，嘲讽的；出乎意料的52.Obtainable : that can be obtained [sym] available53.Bourgeoisie: the middle class social status54.Depict: (vt) to show an image of sb/ sth in a picture; describe in words55.Disposition : temperament节奏56.Prosody : the pattern of sounds and rhythms in poetry57.Modernize : update58.Tribute : gift that’s show your respect…………..59.Assimilation : 同化，融合Chaper1 The Renaissance Period1.Purity : pure2.Unrest : a political situation in which people are angry and likely to protest andflight3.Volcanic : bolcano4.Turn…into…：become5.Reign : the period during which a king/ queen6.Revitalized : to make sth stronger ,more active and more healthy7.Sprang from : to start from sth. Spring=sprang(PP,Pt)8.Justification: a good reason9.Exalt : praise/ make sb rise to a higher rank or position10.Wonder : (n) Marvel11.Protestant, Protestantism :清/新教徒12.Preach : to give religious talk in a public place; to tell…about…;suggest ,advice13.Superstition: supernatural14.Ritual : 仪式15.Pilgrim : 清/新教徒Pilgrimages: (n)朝圣16.Legitimate : valid , justifiable17.Heir: a person who has the legal right to receive sb’s property, money or titlewhen that person die. A person who is thought to continue the work or a tradition started by sb else.18.Pope : The leader of the Rome Cathelic Church19.Throne : king/ gr een’s chair20.Monasteries : The building in which monks21.Imitate : imitation to copy22.Fountainhead : a source or origin23.Engrave : to cut words/ designs on wood ,stone, mental etc.24.Sonnet : a poem that has 14 line25.Vigor : (n)energy force or enthusiasm26.Mighty: very strong and powerful/ large and impressive27.Rhetorical : (a) asked only to make a statement or to produce an effect ratherthan to get an answer 修饰的Intended to influence people, but not completely honest or sincere.夸大修辞的28.Throw into : to begin to do sth with energy and enthuism29.Pastoral : a pastor30.Decorum : polite behavior31.Diction : (n)pronounces32.Metrical : rhythm of a poem stress on the syllibles33.Innocent : no guilty of a crime34.Contemporary : belong to the same/ present time35.Dated back: date from36.Morality : degree to which sth is good or bad, right or wrong37.Fusion : process or result of joining two or more things together to form one.38.(vt)Agree with sb’s which even if they seem on unreasonable, in order to keepthe person happly. Funny, amusing(n) The state of your feeling or mind at a particular time.。
Renaissance
2002.4
2.Among the greatபைடு நூலகம்Middle English poets, Geoffrey Chaucer is known for his production of ___. A.Piers Plowman B.Sir Gawain and the Green Knight C.Confessio Amantis D.The Canterbury Tales
英美文学选读
Selected Reading in English and American literature Jonathan Zhao 2010.11
An Introduction to Old and Medieval English Literature
Key Points:
1. The period of old English literature 2. Beowulf 贝奥武甫 ( Epic: reflects a heroic age) （第二考核点） 3. The period of medieval English literature 4. Romance （骑士传奇）(It reflects a chivalric age) 5. Geoffrey Chaucer（乔叟） （第一考核点）
1999.4
1. Generally, the Renaissance refers to the period between ______ and _______ centuries. A. 14th...mid-17th B. 14th...mid-18th C. 16th...mid-18th D. 16th...mid-17th
4. Chaucer’s contributions
英国文学史及选读第一册Lecture1 beowulf——chaucer
Ⅳ Literary terms : Epic (or Heroic Poetry)
-- It is, originally , an oral narrative poem, majestic both in theme and style. -- With legendary or historical events of national or universal significance. -- Examples include the ancient Greek epics by the poet Homer, the Iliad and the Odyssey. (《伊利亚特》 和 《伊利亚特》 奥德赛》 《奥德赛》)
Old English Quiz
Q: What great warrior defeated Grendal? A. Hrothgar B. Caedmon C. Beowulf D. Bede
After-class Assignment
PREVIEW Job for Next Week:
--- The chief effects of Norman Conquest;
Ⅱ General Knowledge About Beowulf Theme: the heroic deeds of old time; a hero killing monsters (Grendel, a monster (Grendel, halfhalf-human, Grendel’s mother and a firefirebreathing dragon )to make the world safe for people Main Characters: Beowulf (a glorious hero, a savior of the people)and monsters Rhyme: Alliteration Comments: -- The very beginning of English poetry; -- World classics as Odyssey
英美文学欣赏课程笔记
English1.An Introduction to Old and Medieval English Literature 上古及中世纪英国文学简介The period of Old English :450~1066Genesis A创世纪甲本,Genesis B 创世纪乙本and Exodus出埃及记based on the Old Testament 旧约全书The Dream of the Rood 十字架之梦comes from the New Testament新约全书Beowulf 贝奥武甫the national epic poemThe Wanderer, Deor流浪者，狄奥尔；The Seafarer航海者, The Wife’s Complaint 妻子的抱怨Medieval period 中世纪from 1066 up to the mid-14th centurySir Gawain and the Green Kinght 高文爵士与他的绿衣骑士John Gower 约翰·高厄Piers Plowman 农夫皮尔斯William Langland 威廉·兰格伦The Canterbury Tales 坎特伯雷故事集Geoffrey Chaucer吉奥弗雷·乔叟The Romaunt of the Rose 玫瑰传奇；The Legend of Good Women好女人的故事John Dryden 约翰·德莱顿called Chaucer the father of English poetry2.The Renaissance Period 文艺复兴时期Ⅰ.Edmund Spenser埃德蒙·斯宾塞（1552-1599）The Shepheardes Calender 牧人日记Epithalamion 新婚喜歌The Faerie Queene 仙后The five main qualities of Spenser’s poetry are 1)a perfert melody;2)a rare sense of beauty;3) a splendid imagination;4)a lofty moral purity and seriousness; and 5) a dedicated idealism, he also uses strange forms of speech and obsolete words in order to increases the rustic effectⅡ.Christopher Marlowe (1564-1593) 克里斯托夫·马洛Tamburlaine (1587-1588)帖木儿Dr. Faustus (1589)浮士德博士的悲剧The Jew of Malta(1590) 马耳他岛的犹太人Edward II(1592-1593)爱德华二世Hero and Leander 海洛与勒安得耳The Passionate Shepherd to His Love激情的牧人致心爱的姑娘Translation : Amores 爱的艺术---Ovid奥维德Ⅲ. William Shakespeare (1564-1616) 威廉·莎士比亚Frist period – five history plays:Henry VI,Parts I,II,and III 亨利六世（上，中，下）；Richard III 理查三世；Titus Andronicus 泰托斯·安东尼；four comedies:The Comedy of Errors 错误的喜剧；The Two Gentlemen of V erona维洛那二绅士；The Taming of the Shrew 驯悍记；Love’s Labour’s Lost 爱的徒劳；Second period – five histories: Richard II 理查二世；King John 约翰王；Henry IV, Parts I and II 亨利四世（上，下）；Henry V 亨利五世；six c omedies:A Midsummer Night’s Dream 仲夏夜之梦；The Merchant of V enice 威尼斯商人；Much Ado About Nothing 无事生非；As Y ou Like It 皆大欢喜；Twelfth Night 第十二夜；The Merry Wives of Windsor 温莎的风流娘儿们；two tragedies:Romeo and Juliet 罗密欧与朱丽叶；Julius Caesar 裘利斯·凯撒Third period – his greatest tragedies:Hamlet 哈姆莱特；Othello奥赛罗；King Lear 李尔王；Macbeth 麦克白；Antony and Cleopatra 安东尼与克利奥佩特拉；Troilus and Cressida 特洛伊勒斯与克利西达；Coriolanus 科里奥拉那斯and his so-called dark comedies：All’s well That Ends Well 终成眷属；Measure for Measure 一报还一报The last period – principal romantic tragicomedies: Pericles 伯里克利；Cymbeline 辛白林；The Winter’s Tale 冬天的故事；The Tempest 暴风雨；two final plays: Henry VIII 亨利八世；The Two Noble Kinsmen 两位贵族亲戚Two long narrative poem: V enus and Adonis 维纳斯与安东尼斯(1593)；The Rape of Lucrece 鲁克里丝受辱记（1594）Sonnet 18 第18号十四行诗one of the most beautiful sonnetsⅣ.Francis Bacon (1561-1626) 弗兰西斯·培根philosopher scientist and essayist The Advancement of Learning (1605) 学术的进展Novum Organum(1620)新工具an enlarged Latin version of The Advancement of Learning Essays 散文集of Studies 论读书the most popular of Bacon’s 58 essaysApophthagmes New and Old (1625) 新旧格言集The History of the Reign of Henry VII(1622)亨利七世的统治The New Atlantis新大西岛；unfinishedMaxims of Law 法律原理The Learned Reading upon the Statue of Uses(1642) 法令使用读本Ⅴ. John Donne（1572-1631）约翰·邓恩metaphysical poetry 玄学派诗歌The Elegies and Satires 挽歌与讽刺；The Songs and Sonnets 歌与短歌Farewell to Love 告别爱情Holy Sonnets圣歌集；A Hymn to God the Father 圣父赞美诗The Sun Rising 升引的太阳Death, Be Not Proud 死神，休得狂妄written in the strict Petrarchan pattern 彼特拉克Ⅵ.John Milton约翰·弥尔顿（1608-1674）Paradis Lost (1665)失乐园the only generally acknowledge epic in English literature since BeowulfParadise Regained (1671)复乐园Samson Agonistes (1671)力士参孙the most perfect example of the verse drama after the Greek style in EnglishLycidas (1637)利西达斯composed for a collection of elegies dedicated to Edward King Areopagitica (1644) 论出版自由his most memorable prose3.The Neoclassical Period★Literature of Neoclassicism is different from that of Romanticism in that the former celebrates reason, rationality, order and instruction while the latter sees literature as an expression of an individual’s feeling and experiences.Ⅰ.John Bunyan约翰·班杨（1628-1688）The Pilgrim’s Progress 天路历程The V anity Fair 名利场Ⅱ. Alexander Pope 亚历山大·蒲柏（1688-1744）The Dunciad 群愚史诗An Essay on Criticism(1711) 论批评The Rape of the Lock (first version 1712) 夺法记An Essay on Man(1733-1734) 论人类Eloisa to Abelard(1717) 埃洛伊斯致亚伯拉德Epistle to Dr. Arbuthnot (1735)Translate: Homer’s Iliad(1720)荷马伊利亚特Odysey(1726) 奥德赛；some Shakespeare’s plays(1713-1726)Ⅲ.Daniel Defoe（1660-1731）丹尼尔·笛福The Shortest Way with the Dissenters（1702）成为异教徒的捷径The True-born Englishman（1701）地地道道的英国人Robinson Crusoe 鲁滨逊漂流记Captain Singleton (1720) 辛利顿船长Moll Flanders(1722)莫尔·弗朗德斯Colonel Jack(1722) 杰克上校Roxana(1724)罗克萨那A Journal of the Plague Y ear (1722) 灾疫之前的日记Great Plague in 1664-1665 1664年到1665年大瘟疫Ⅳ.Jonathan Swift(1667-1745) 乔森特·斯威夫特A Tale of a Tub (1704)桶的故事The Battle of the Books(1704)书籍的战斗Gulliver’s Travels（1726）格列佛游记The Drapier’s Let ters(1724-1725) 德莱皮尔的信A Modest Proposal（1729）一个温和的建议Ⅴ.Henry Fielding (1707-1754) 亨利·菲尔丁Coffee-House Politician (1730)咖啡屋的政治家The Tragedy of Tragedies (1730)悲剧中的悲剧Pasquin (1736)巴斯昆The Historical Register for the Y ear 1736(1737) 1736年历史年鉴The Historical of the Adventures of Joseph Andrews and of his friend Mr. Abraham Adams (1742) 约瑟夫·安德鲁与亚伯拉罕·亚当斯历险记written in imitation of the manner of CervantesThe History of Jonathan Wild the Great （1743）伟大的乔纳森·怀尔德传记The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling (1749)汤姆·琼斯，一个弃儿的故事The History of Amelia(1751)阿米莉亚传记Ⅵ.Samuel Johnson 塞缪尔·约翰逊（1709-1784）London（1738）伦敦The V anity of Human Wishes (1749)人类欲望的虚幻The History of Rasselas, Prince of Abyssinia (1759) 拉塞拉斯的历史，阿比西尼亚王子Irene (1749)艾琳The Rambler and The Idler随笔闲谈Lives of the Poets(1779-1781) 诗人传A Dictionary of the English Language (1755)英文大词典the author of the first English dictionary by an EnglishmanTo the Right Honorable the Earl of Chesterfield 致切斯特菲尔德勋爵的信Ⅶ.Richard Brinsley Sheridan(1751-1816)理查德·比·谢拉丹The Rivals （1775）情敌The School for Scandal（1777）造谣学校St.Patrick’s Day = the Scheming Lieutenant (1775)圣帕特里克日The Duenna (1775)杜安纳The Critic (1779)批评家Pizarro(1799)皮扎罗Ⅷ.Thomas Gray （1716-1771）托马斯·格雷Horace Walpole 沃尔波The Old Castle of Otranto奥特兰多古堡Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard (1751)写在教堂墓地的挽歌the Graveyard School 墓地诗歌Ode on the Spring (1742)春之颂Ode on a Distant Prospect of Eton College(1747)伊顿公学展望Ode on the Death of a Favourite Cat (1748) 爱猫之死Hymn to Adversity(1742)逆境的赞歌Translation : The Descent of Odin (1761)；奥丁的血统The Fatal Sisters (1761)命运姐妹4.The Romantic Period浪漫主义时期Ⅰ.William Blake（1757-1827）威廉·布莱克Poetical Sketches(1783) 诗草The songs of Innocence(1809)天真之歌“The Chimney Sweeper ”扫烟囱小男孩His Songs of Experience (1794) 经验之歌“The Chimney Sweeper ”扫烟囱小男孩Marriage of Heaven and Hell (1790) 天堂与地狱的结合The Book of Urizen(1794) 尤莱森之书The Book of Los(1795) 洛斯之书The Four Zoas(1796-1807) 四个挪亚Milton(1804-1820) 弥尔顿The Tyger 虎Ⅱ. William Wordsworth (1770-1850) 威廉·华兹华斯Lake Poets 湖畔诗人Robert Southey ，Samuel Taylor Coleridge；Lyrical Ballads (1798)抒情歌谣集Samuel Taylor Coleridge 塞缪尔·泰勒·科勒津治and WordsworthA Phantom of Delight （1802）快乐的化身Descritptive Sketches, an Evening Walk(1793) 描绘速写，黄昏漫步The Prelude(1790-1805)序曲Poems in Two V olumes （1807）双卷诗Ode: Intimations of Immortality 颂歌：永存的暗示；Resolution and Independence 决心与独立autobiographical narrativeThe Excursion (1814)远足Poems: The Sparrow’s Nest麻雀巢;To a Skylark 致云雀; To the Cuckoo 致杜鹃; To a Butterfly 致蝴蝶; I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud 我如行云独自游；An Evening Walk傍晚漫步; My Heart Leaps up我心飞动；Tintern Abbey厅特恩教堂；The Thorn荆棘; The Sailor’s Mother水手的母亲; Michael 麦克尔;The Affliction of Margaret 玛格丽特所受的折磨;The Old Cumberland Beggar老坎伯兰的乞丐The Idiot Boy 白痴男孩;The Solitary Reaper孤独的收割者;To a Highland Girl致高地的姑娘；The Ruined Cottage 被摧毁的茅屋Composed upon Westminster Bridge, September 3,1802 威斯敏斯特桥即景1802年9月3日Lucy pomes 露西：She Dwelt Among the Untrodden ways 独自幽居Ⅲ. Samuel Taylor Coleridge (1772-1834)塞·特·科勒津治Lyrical Ballads (1798)抒情歌谣集The Rime of the Ancient Mariner 古航海家之歌Kubla Khan忽必烈汉Christabel克丽斯塔贝尔Frost at Midnight子夜寒霜The Nightingale 夜莺Dejection, an Ode沮丧，一段颂歌Remorse 忏悔（1813）tragic dramaBiographia Literaria （1817）文学传记proseⅣ. George Gordon Byron (1788-1824)乔治·戈登·拜伦Edinburgh Review爱丁堡评论周刊Hours of Idleness 闲散的时光（1807）English Bards and Scotch Reviewers（1809）英格兰诗人与苏格兰诗评家Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage （1812）恰尔德·哈洛尔德游记Oriented Tales 东方故事集Childe Harold 哈洛尔德游记The Prisoner of Chillon（1816）齐伦的囚犯Manfred(1817)曼弗雷德Don Juan（1818-1823）唐·璜The Isles of Greece 哀希腊Cain (1821) 该隐verse dramaThe Island （1821）岛narrative poemThe V ision of Judgment （1822）审判的幻景attack on Southey ，political satireSong for the Luddites 路德党人之歌Ⅴ.Percy Bysshe Shelley(1792-1822) 珀·比·雪莱The Necessity of Atheism（1811）无神论的必然性The Spirit of Solitude(1816) 孤独之精神Hymn to Intellectual Beauty(1816) 内秀之咏Mont Blanc(1816) 蒙特·布兰卡Julian and Maddalo (1818)朱利安与麦达罗The Revolt of Islam(1818) 伊斯兰的起义The Cenci (1819)钦契一家Prometheus Unbound（1819）解放的普罗米修斯Adonais (1821)阿多那伊斯Hellas(1822)赫拉斯A Defence of Poetry （1822）诗辩Love for freedom and hatred toward tyanny: Ode to Liberty 自由颂; Ode to Naples 那不勒斯颂Sonnet: England in 1819十四行诗：英格兰1819；Men of England致英格兰人民--- greatest political lyricsThe Cloud (1820)云之歌To a Skylark（1820）致云雀Ode to the West Wind (1819)西风颂Ⅵ. John Keats（1795-1821）约翰·济慈O n First Looking into Chapman’s Homer(1816)读恰普曼译荷马published in ExaminerSleep and Poetry(1817)睡与诗Endymion（1818）安狄弥翁Lamia, Isabella, The Eve of St. Agnes and Other Poems（1820）拉米亚·伊莎贝拉，圣阿格尼斯节前夕及其他诗歌：Ode on Melancholy; 忧郁颂Ode on a Grecian Urn希腊古瓮颂; Ode to a Nightingale 夜莺颂Ode to Psyche普赛克颂;To Autumn秋日颂；Hyperion 希波里恩(unfinished)Ⅶ.Jane Austen（1775-1817）简·奥斯汀Sense and Sensibility(1811) 理智与情感first novelPride and Prejudice （1813）傲慢与偏见=First ImpressionsMansfield Park（1814）曼斯菲尔德花园Emma （1815）埃玛Persuasion(1818)劝告Northanger Abbey(1818)诺桑觉寺Incomplete works: The Watsons (1923)沃特森一家Fragment of a Novel (1925)小说的未完稿Plan of a Novel（1926）小说的构思5.The Victorian Period 维多利亚时期Ⅰ.Charles Dickens(1812-1870)查尔斯·狄更斯Sketches by Boz(1836) 勃兹的速写The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club 皮克威克外传（1836-1837）Oliver Twist(1837-1838)雾都孤儿Nicholas Nickleby(1838-1839)尼古拉斯·尼克尔比The Pickwick Paper 皮克威克外传David Copperfield（1849-1850）大卫·科波菲尔Martin Chuzzlewit(1843-1845)马丁·瞿述伟Dombey and Son（1846-1848）董贝父子A Tale of Two Cities(1859)双城记Bleak House(1852-1853)荒凉山庄Little Dorrit(1855-1857)小多利特Hard Time(1854)艰难时刻Great Expectations(1860-1861)远大前程Our Mutual Friend(1864-1865)我们共同的朋友Ⅱ.The Bronte Sisters 勃朗蒂姐妹Charlotte Bronte（1816-1855）夏洛特·勃朗蒂Emily Bronte （1818-1848）艾米丽·勃朗蒂Ann Bronte(1820-1849) 安妮·勃朗蒂The Professor 教授(1847)；Charlotte；rejected by the publisher；1857 published posthumously Jane Eyre(1847)简·爱CharlotteAngrian 安格里昂Charlotte and their brother BranwellGondal 刚朵儿Emily and AnnePoems by Currer, Ellis and Acton Bell 科勒尔·艾丽斯·贝尔特诗集（1845）Charlotte Emily Anne Wuthering Heights (1847)呼啸山庄EmilyAgnes Grey(1847)阿格尼斯·格雷AnneThe Tenant of Wildfell Hall(1848) 维尔德费尔·霍的佃户Shirley 雪莉（1849）CharlotteVillette 维莱特（1853）CharlotteⅢ.Alfred Tennyson（1809-1892）阿尔弗雷德·丁尼生Poet Laureate桂冠诗人（1850）Chiefly Lyrical (1830) 抒情诗集Poems （1832）诗集Poems （1842）诗集Ulysses 尤利西斯dramatic monologue; Morte d’ Arthur 摩尔特·亚瑟epic narrative；Dora朵拉exquisite idylls; The Gardener’s Daughter 园丁的女儿The Princess （1847）公主blank verse 无韵体；Tears, Idle Tears 泪水，无聊的泪水；Come down, O Maid来吧，美人；The Splendor Falls壮美的瀑布；Sweet and Low 甜蜜与低缓In Memoriam(1850)悼念Maud 摩德抒情短歌集monodramaRizpah 里兹帕Enoch Arden 伊诺克·阿顿Merlin and the Gleam 魔法师与灵光Crossing the Bar跨越沙洲the fearlessness towards deathIdylls of the King 国王诗歌集（1842-1885）Break, Break, Break 浪花啪、啪、啪in memory of Tennyson’s best friend Arthur HallamⅣ. Robert Browning (1812-1889) 罗伯特·布朗宁Pauline(1833)保林Sordello(1840) 索德罗Dramatic Lyrics(1842)戏剧抒情诗Dramatic Romances and Lyrics(1845)戏剧浪漫诗与抒情诗Bells and Pomegranates (1846)铃铛与石榴树Men and Women (1855)男人与女人Dramatic Personae(1864)戏剧人物The Ring and the Book(1868-1869)指环与书Dramatic Idylls(1880) 戏剧田园诗Sonnets from the Portuguese 葡萄牙十四行诗Mrs.BrowningDramatic monologue 戏剧独白: Pippa Passes 匹帕·帕索斯;My Last Duchess我前一位公爵夫人; Fra Lippo Lippi芙拉·丽波·丽匹; The Bishop Orders His Tomb主教下令修陵; Porphyria’s Lover波菲莉娅的情人; A Grammarian’s Funeral语法学家的葬礼; The Ring and the Book 指环与书；Meeting at Night夜晚幽会Parting at Morning清晨告别Ⅴ.George Eliot（1819-1880）乔治·艾略特translation ：Leben Jesu(life of Jesus) 耶稣的一生；Ethics 伦理学Spinoza; Das Wesen des Christentums(The Essence of Christianity)基督教的精髓Scenes of Clerical Life 牧师生活一瞥Adam Bede(1859)亚当·贝德The Mill on the Floss(1860)弗洛斯河上的磨房Silas Marner(1861)织工拉斯·马奈尔Romola （1863）罗摩拉Felix Holt, the Radical 菲利克斯·霍特，一个激进派only novel on English politicsMiddle march (1872) 米德尔马契Daniel Deronda（1876）丹尼尔?德隆达 a preachment against anti-SemitismⅥ.Thomas Hardy (1840-1928) 托马斯·哈代Desperate Remedies（1871）计出无奈Under the Greenwood Tree（1872）格林伍德的绿林荫下Far from the Madding Crowd（1874）远离尘嚣Tess of the D’Urbervilles(1891)德伯家的苔丝Jude the Obscure(1896)无名的裘德The Dynasts 列王a long epic-drama about the Napoleonic WarsThe Return of the Native(1878)还乡The Trumpet Major(1880)号兵长The Mayor of Casterbridge(1886)卡斯特桥市长The Woodlanders(1887)林地居民6.The Modern Period 现代时期Ⅰ.George Bernard Shaw 乔治·萧伯纳（1856-1950）Cashel Byron’s Profession(1886) 卡歇尔·拜伦的职业Our Theaters in the Nineties (1931) 九十年代的英国戏剧Widower’s Houses(1892) 鳏夫的房产Mrs . Warren’s Profession(1893~1898)沃伦夫人的职业Candida(1895)堪迪达Caesar and Cleopatra(1898) 凯撒与克利奥佩特拉St . Joan (1923) 圣女贞德Man and Superman(1904) 人与超人Back to Methuselah(1921) 回归玛士撒拉The Apple Cart(1929) 苹果车about politicsJohn Bull’s Other Island(1904) 约翰·布尔的另外岛屿about racial problemPygmalion(1912) 皮格马利翁about culture and artabout the problem of family and marriage：Getting Married (1908) 结婚；Misalliance(1910) 不合适的婚姻；Fanny’s First Play (1911) 法妮的第一场戏The Doctor’s Dilemma (1906) 医生的进退两难about the ignorance，incompetence, arrogance and bigotry of the medical professionToo True to Be Good(1932) 难以置信How He Lied to Her Husband 他是怎样欺骗她的丈夫的Ⅱ.John Galsworthy（1867-1933）约翰·高尔斯华绥From the Four Winds (1897)来自四位吹奏者a volume of short storiesThe man of Property(1906)财主The Silver Box (1906)银盒The Forsyte SagaⅠ弗尔塞特世家三部曲Ⅰ: The Man of Property财主；In Chancery(1920) 骑虎难下；To Let (1921)出租；The Forsyte SagaⅡ: A Modern Comedy(1929)现代戏剧The Forsyte Saga Ⅲ: End of the Chapter （posthumously 1934）篇章末尾Ⅲ. William Butler Yeats(1865-1939) 威廉·巴特勒·叶芝The Lake Isle of Innisfree 茵尼斯弗莉的湖中沙洲The Man Who Dreamed of Faeryland 梦想仙境的人No Second Troy 没有第二个特洛伊September 1913 1913年9月Sailing to Byzantium 驶向拜占庭Leda and the Swan 丽达与天鹅The countess Cathleen(1892) 凯瑟琳伯爵夫人Cathleen ni Houlihan(1902) 凯瑟琳·尼·霍利翰The Land of Heart’s Desire(1894) 心欲的土地The Shadowy Waters(1900)布满荫影的水域Purgatory（1935）炼狱Down by the Salley Gardens 来到柳园= An Old Song Resung老歌新唱Ⅳ. T.S.Eliot （1888-1965）T·S·艾略特The Criterion（1922）标准the editor; Nobel Prize; the Order of MeritThe Love Song of J.Alfred Prufrock (1915) J·A·布鲁富劳克的情歌The Egoist（1917-1919）自我主义者The Waste Land(1922)荒原Poems 1909-25(1925)1909至1925年诗歌总集Prufrock and Other Observation(1917) 布鲁富劳克与其它情况Prufrock 布鲁富劳克a poem of dramatic monologueGerontion 衰老The Hollow Men 空洞的人Ash Wednesday(1930)星期三的烟灰Four Quartets(1944)四个四重奏Murder in the Cathedral(1935)教堂里的谋杀The Family Reunion(1939)家人团圆The Cocktail Party(1950)鸡尾酒会The Confidential Clerk(1954)机要人员The Elder Statesman(1959)年长的政客Tradition and Individual Talent传统与个人天才essayⅤ.D.H. Lawrence （1885-1930）戴维·赫伯特·劳伦斯Sons and Lovers(1913)儿子与情人autobiographical novelThe White Peacock(1911)白孔雀The Trespasser(1912)过客The Rainbow(1915)虹Women in Love(1920)恋爱中的女人Aaron’s Rod(1922) 亚伦神杖Kangaroo(1923)袋鼠The Plumed Serpent(1926) 羽蛇Lady Chatterley’s Lover(1928)查泰莱夫人的情人Short stories:St. Mawr 圣摩尔;The Daughter of the V icar 主教的女儿;The Horse Dealer’s Daughter贩马人的女儿;The Captain’s Doll 船长的娃娃;The Prussian Officer 普鲁士军官;The Virgin and the Gypsy贞女和吉卜赛人The Lawrence trilogy: A Collier’s Friday Night(1909)矿工的周五夜晚;The Daughter-in-Law(1912)儿媳;The Widowing of Mrs.Holroyed(1914)守寡的霍尔罗伊德夫人Ⅵ.James Joyce 詹姆斯·乔伊斯（1882-1941）Dubliners(1914)都柏林人Araby阿拉比A Portrait of the Artist as a Y oung Man（1916）艺术家年轻时代的肖像Ulysses(1922)尤利西斯Finnegans Wake(1939)菲尼根斯·韦克American1.The Romantic Period 浪漫主义时期Ⅰ. Washington Irving 华盛顿·欧文（1783-1859）early Romantic writer in the American literary history and Father of the American short storiesThe Letters of Jonathan Oldstyle, Gent.（1802-1803）江奈生·欧德斯黛尔先生书信集A History of New Y ork from the Beginning of the World to the End of the Dutch Dynasty (1809)自古至荷兰人占领为止的纽约史The Sketch Book(1819-1820)见闻札记―Rip V an Winkle‖瑞普·凡·温克尔‖The Legend of Sleepy Hollow‖睡谷的传说Bracebridge Hall(1822)布雷斯桥之厅堂Tales of a Traveler (1824)一个旅行者的故事The Alhambra(1832)艾尔哈布拉Spanish Sketch bookⅡ.Ralph Waldo Emerson(1803-1882)拉尔夫·华尔多·爱默生a transparent eyeball 透明眼球Nature(1836)论自然first little bookThe Dial日晷edit for a time the Transcendental journalEssays(1841)散文集‖The American Scholar‖（1837）论美国学者;‖Self-Reliance‖论自助;‖The Over-Soul‖论超灵Second Series(1844) 散文续集‖The Poet‖论诗人；‖Experience‖论经验Thoreau (1817-1862) embraced Emerson’s idea Walden（1854）沃尔登Ⅲ.Nathaniel Hawthorne 纳撒尼尔·霍桑（1804-1864）interior of the heart ;most ambivalent writerTwice-Told Tales(1837)尽人皆知的故事a collection of short storiesMosses from an Old Manse(1846)古屋青苔The Scarlet Letter(1850)红字The Custom-House 海关----an introductory note to The Scarlet LetterThe Snow-Image and Other Twice-Told Tales(1851)雪的形象及其他尽人皆知的故事The House of the Seven Gables(1851)有七个尖角阁的房子The Blithedale Romance(1852)福谷传奇The Marble Faun(1860)玉石雕像Y oung Goodman Brown 小伙子布朗The Minister’s Black V eil 牧师的黑面纱The Birthmark胎记Rappaccini’s Daughter拉帕西尼的女儿Ⅳ.Walt Whitman 沃尔特·惠特曼(1819-1892) both the Revolutionary War in the United States and the Civil WarLeaves of Grass 草叶集Drum Taps(1865)鼓点When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom’d小院子丁香花开时There was a Child Went Forth 有个孩子在长大Cavalry Crossing a Ford骑兵过河the Drum-Taps sectionSong of Myself 自我之歌Ⅴ.Herman Melville 赫尔曼·麦尔维尔（1819-1891）Moby-Dick(1851)白鲸Chapter 135 . The Chase – Third Day第135章：追鲸----第三天Billy Budd 比利·伯德（1924）Typee(1846)泰比Omoo(1847)奥穆Mardi(1849)玛地Redburn(1849)雷得本semi-authobiographicalWhite Jacket(1850)白外衣Pierre(1852)皮埃尔Bartley, the Scrivener 文书巴特勒比Short storyBenito Cereno 本尼托·切利诺novellaThe Confidence-Man自信人（1857）2.The Realistic Period现实主义时期Local colors: Mark Twain; Sarah Orne Jewett沙拉·奥恩·朱威特; Joseph Kirkland约瑟夫·克科兰德; Hamlin Garland汉姆林·加兰德;Ⅰ. Mark Twain 马克·吐温（1835~1910）H.L. Mencken consider “the true father of our national literature”The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras Country （1865）加拉维县有名的跳蛙frontier tale Innocents Abroad (1869) 傻瓜出国记Roughing It (1872) 含辛茹苦The Gilded Age (1873) 镀金时代The Adventures of Tom Sawyer (1876) 汤姆·索亚历险记Life on the Mississippi(1883)密西西比河上的生活Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1884)哈克贝利·芬历险记A Connection Y ankee in King Arthur’s Court (1889) 亚瑟王宫廷中的美国佬The Tragedy of Pudd’nhead Wilson (1894) 布丁·海德威尔逊的悲剧The Man That Corrupted Hadleyburg (1900) 败坏哈德莱堡的人The Mysterious Stranger (1916) 神秘的陌生人Ⅱ.Henry James 亨利·詹姆斯(1843~1916) the first American writer to conceive his career in international termsThe American(1877) 美国人Daisy Miller (1878) 黛西·米勒In The Europeans(1878) 欧洲人The Portrait of A Lady (1881) 贵妇人的画像The Bostonians (1886) 波士顿人The Princess Casamassima (1886) 卡撒玛西玛公主Short fiction:The Private Life(1893) 私生活；The Death of a Lion (1894) 狮之死；The Middle Y ears (posthumously 1917)中年Another Short fiction:Turn of the Screw(1898) 螺丝在拧紧；The Beast in the Jungle (1903)丛林猛兽What Maisie Knows(1897)梅西所知道的The Wings of the Dove(1902)鸽翼The Ambassadors (1903)专使The Golden Bowl (1904)金碗Essay: The Art of Fiction 小说的艺术Ⅲ.Emily Dickinson （1830-1886）艾米莉·狄金森1775 poems ,only sevenappeared during her lifetime; letter to the worldThis is My Letter to the World 这是我给世人的书信I heard a Fly buzz---when I died---我死时----听见一只苍蝇嗡鸣I like to see it lap the Miles---我喜欢看它舔食着一路向前Because I could not stop for Death—因为我不能为死神停下Ⅳ.Theodore Dreiser 西奥多·德莱赛(1871-1945) one of American’s literary naturalistShort fictions: Nigger Jeff 黑人杰夫;Old Rogaum and His Theresa 老罗高姆和他的特丽萨; Sister Carrie(1900)嘉莉妹妹The Way of the Beaten:A Harp in the Wind失败者之路：寒风中的竖琴Jennie Gerhardt (1911)詹妮·杰哈特TRILOGY of Desire: 欲望三部曲The Financier(1912) 金融家；The Titan (1914) 巨头；The Stoic (posthumously 1947) 斯多葛The Genius（1915）天才An American Tragedy (1925)美国悲剧Dreiser Looks at Russia （1928）德莱塞眼中的俄国3. The Modern Period 现代时期Ⅰ. Ezra Pound 埃兹拉?庞德（1885-1972）Imagist Movement 意像主义运动The translations of Ezra Pound (1953) 埃兹拉?庞德译诗集Confucius （1969）孔子Shih-Ching (1954) 诗经The Cantos （1917-1959）诗章Collect of Early Poems of Ezra Pound (1982) 埃兹拉?庞德早期诗集Personae (1909) 人物Hugh Selwyn Mauberley (1920) 休.赛尔温.莫伯利In a Station of the Metro地铁站一瞥The River-Merchant’s Wife: A Letter 河商的妻子A Pact 盟约Critical essays ：Make It New (1934) 推陈出新；Literary Essays (1954) 论文散文集；The ABC of Reading (1934) 阅读入门；Polite Essays(1937) 论礼教文集Ⅱ.Robert Lee Frost罗伯特?李?弗洛斯特(1874~1963) Pulitzer Prize winner on four occasionsThe Road Not TakenA Boy’s Will (1913) 一个男孩的愿望North of Boston （1914）波斯顿以北Mending the Wall 补墙Home Burial 家葬Mountain Interval （1916）山间低地“The Road Not Taken”没有走的路“Birches”白桦；New Hampshire（1923）新罕布什尔―Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening‖雪野林边停First Pulitzer PrizesWest-Running Brook (1928)西流之溪Collected Poems (1930) 诗集Second Pulitzer PrizesA Further Range (1935)更远的境界Third Pulitzer PrizesA Witness Tree （1942）证人树“The Gift Outright”直率的礼物Fourth Pulitzer PrizesA Masque of Reason (1945)理性假面剧A Masque of Mercy (1947)怜悯假面剧After Apple-Picking 摘苹果后The Road Not Taken未选择的路Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening雪夜林边停Ⅲ. Eugene O’Neill尤金?奥尼尔(1888~1953)the only dramatist ever to win a Nobel PrizeBound East for Cardiff (1916) 驶向东边的卡尔笛福Beyond the Horizon （1920）天外边First Pulitzer Prize 普利策文学奖The Straw (1921) 草Anna Christie （1921）安娜?克里斯蒂1920-1924 symbolic expressionism 象征表现主义：The Emperor Jones(1920) 琼斯皇帝；The Hairy Ape(1922) 毛猿；All God’s Chillun Got Wings (1924) 所有上帝烟斗都有翅膀；Desire Under the Elms (1924) 榆树下的欲望Non-realistic forms非现实主义：The Great God Brown (1926) 伟大的布朗；Lazarus Laughed (1927) 拉扎拉斯笑了Strange Interlude（1928）奇怪的幕间戏Third Pulitzer PrizeThe Iceman Cometh （1946）冰人来了L ong Day’s Journey Into Night (1956) 直到夜晚的漫长的一天Ⅳ.F .Scott Fitzgerald F.司格特.菲茨杰拉德(1896~1940)Literary spokesman of the Jazz AgeThis Side of Paradise(1920)人间天堂The Beautiful and Damned(1922) 美丽而遭骂的人The Great Gatsby（1925）了不起的盖茨比Tender Is the Night（1934）夜色温柔The Last Tycoon （1940）最后的巨头unfinishedShort-story: Flappers and Philosophers (1921)吹捧者与哲学家;Tales of the Jazz Age (1922)爵士时代的故事; All the Sad Y oung Men (1926)所有悲惨的小伙子; Taps and Reveille (1935)里维尔的鼓点; Babylon Revisited重访巴比伦Ⅴ.Ernest Hemingway欧内斯特.海明威(1899~1961)In Our Time (1925) 在我们的时代里The Sun Also Rises(1926)太阳照样升起first true novelA Farewell to Arms(1929)永别了，武器For Whom the Bell Tolls (1940)The Old Man and the Sea (1952)老人与海Men Without Women (1927)没有女人的男人，collection of short stories, ―The Undefeated‖战不败的人；‖The Killers‖杀手；‖Fifty Grand‖五十个大人物；In Death in the Afternoon (1932)死在下午The Green Hills of Africa(1935)美国的绿山The Snow of Kilimanjaro (1936)乞力马扎罗之雪Have and Have Not (1937) 有钱人和没钱人Indian Camp印第安人营地one of fourteen short stories collected under the title of In Our Time.Ⅵ.William Faulkner 威廉.福克纳(1897~1962)The Marble Faun(1924) 玉石雕像Soldiers’ Pay （1926）士兵的薪水Sartoris (1929) 萨托黑斯The Sound and the Fury（1929）喧哗与骚动As I Lay Dying (1930) 我弥留之际Light in August(1932)八月之光Absalom, Absalom!(1936) 押沙龙，押沙龙！Wild Palms(1939)疯狂的手掌The Hamlet (1940)小屋Two novels consisting of stories which are thematically interwoven: The Unvanquished （1938）未被征服者；Go Down, Moses(1942)摩西，走下去Intruder in The Dust (1948)红尘入侵者；anti-racist；Nobel PrizeRequiem for a Nun(1951) 修公安魂曲The Fable (1954)寓言The Town (1957)城镇The Mansion(1959)豪宅A Rose for Emily 给爱米莉的玫瑰。
第一讲 The Old and Medieval English Literature概要1
• 2 centuries of strife between the Pope & English kings: “the most forceful English writing before Chaucer and the greatest heroism before Milton’s Samson Agonists〞
II. Early English Literature: Beginning with Anglo-Saxon Settlement
1. Beowulf: The national epic of the English people
Basic Information: • Mixture of myths, hero legends & historical
英美文学选读_详细笔记
1 Part 1: English Literature An Introduction to Old and Medieval English Literature 1、the early inhabitants：Celts. 2、三次外族的入侵及其影响：①the Romans 对英国没什么影响。
——远古时期②Anglo-Saxsons brought the Germanic language（现代英语的基础）and culture （特别的诗歌传统）。
——上古时期③The Normans brought the fresh wave of Mediterranean civilization （希腊文化、罗马法律和基督教）。
——中古时期Ⅰ. Old English Literature（Anglo Saxson 文明时期奴隶社会）1、英国文学史上的上古时期始于公元450 年，止于1066 年，即诺曼底征服英国的那一年。
2、这一时期是Anglo-Saxson 文明兴盛的时期。
3、The poetic tradition was both bold and strong（粗犷豪勇）, mournful and elegiac(悲情哀婉) in spirit. 有两大类：①The religious group：mainly on biblical(圣经的) themes.如：a)《创世纪甲本》（Genesis A）、《创世纪乙本》、《出埃及记》(Exodus)来自the Old Testament。
b) the Dream of the Rood （十字架）来自the New Testment。
②The secular（世俗的）group：Beowulf 和众多短篇抒情诗。
lyrical poems 唤起了撒克逊人对环境的严酷及人类的不幸命运的感知。
语气和基调深受北海恶劣气候的影响，生活惨淡无望，带有大量宿命论的成分，尽管同时显得勇敢而坚定。
(完整word版)大学体验英语(第三版)课文原文及翻译
Frog Story 蛙的故事A couple of odd things have happened lately. 最近发生了几桩怪事儿.I have a log cabin in those woods of Northern Wisconsin. I built it by hand and also added a greenh ouse to the front of it. It is a joy to live in。
In fact, I work out of my home doing audio production an d environmental work。
As a tool of that trade I have a computer and a studio。
我在北威斯康星州的树林中有一座小木屋.是我亲手搭建的，前面还有一间花房.住在里面相当惬意。
实际上我是在户外做音频制作和环境方面的工作——作为干这一行的工具，我还装备了一间带电脑的工作室。
I also have a tree frog that has taken up residence in my studio. 还有一只树蛙也在我的工作室中住了下来。
How odd， I thought， last November when I first noticed him sitting atop my sound—board over my computer.I figured that he（and I say he，though I really don't have a clue if she is a he or vice versa） would be more comfortable in the green house。
So I put him in the greenhouse. Back he came. And stayed。
英美文学选读(自考)Chapter1
自学考试英美文学选读Selected Readings In English And American LiteraturesPart one: English literatureAn Introduction to Old and Medieval English Literature 1. The Old English poetry that has survived can be divided into two group:the religious group and the secular one. The poetry of the religious group is mainly on biblical themes………In addition to these religious compositions, Old English poets produced the national epic poem, Beowulf, a typical example of Old English poetry, is regarded today as the national epic of the Anglo-Saxons.2. Romance which uses narrative verse or prose to sing knightlyadventures or other heroic deeds is a popular literary form in the medieval period. R omantic love is an important part of the plot in romance.3. I t is Chaucer alone who, for the first time in English literature,presented to us a comprehensive realistic picture of the English society of his time and created a whole gallery of vivid characters from all walks of life in his masterpiece The Canterbury Tales.Geoffrey Chaucer is the greatest writer of this period. I n short, Chaucer develops his characterization to a higher artistic level by presenting characters with both typical qualities and individual dispositions. Chaucer introduced from France the rhymed stanzas of various types to English poetry to replace the Old English alliterative verse. Chaucer dominated the works of his15th-centtruy English followers and the so-called Scottish Chaucerians. For the Renaissance, he was the English Homer.Chapter 1 The Renaissance Period1. The Renaissance arks a transition from the medieval to the modernworld. Generally, it refers to the period between the14th and mid-17th centuries.T he Renaissance is a historical period in which the European humanist thinkers and scholars made attempts to get rid of those old feudalist ideas in medieval Europe, to introduce new ideas that expressed the interests of the rising bourgeoisie, and to recover thepurity of the early church form the corruption of the Roman Catholic Church. B ut it was not until the reign of Henry VIII that the Renaissance really began to show its effect in England.The English Renaissance had no sharp break with the past. Attitudes and feelings which had been characteristic of the 14th and 15th centuries persisted well down into the era of Humanism and Reformation.2. Humanism is the essence of the Renaissance. T hus, by emphasizingthe dignity of human beings and the importance of the present life, they voiced their beliefs that man did not only have the right to enjoy the beauty of this life, but had the ability to perfect himself and to perform wonders.3. S trong national feeling in the time of the Tudors gave a greatincentive to the cultural development in England. W ith classical culture and the Italian humanistic ideas coming into England, the English Renaissance began flourishing.T he first period of the English Renaissance was one of imitation and assimilation. T he Elizabethan drama, in its totality, is the real mainstream of the English Renaissance.4. F rom Wyatt and Surrey onwards the goals of humanistic poetry are:skillful handling of conventions, force of language, and, above all, the development of a rhetorical plan in which meter, rhyme, scheme, imagery and argument should all be combined to frame the emotional theme and throw it into high relief. P oetry was to be a concentrated exercise of the mind, of craftsmanship, and of learning.I. Edmund Spenser (埃德蒙·斯宾塞)1. Spenser’s masterpiece is The Faerie Queene, a great poem of its age.A ccording to Spenser’s own explanation, his principal intention is topresent through a “historical poem” the example of a perfect gentleman: “to fashion a gentleman or noble person in virtuous and gentle discipline.”2. The five main qualities of Spenser’s poetry are 1) a perfect melody;2) a rare sense of beauty; 3) a splendid imagination; 4) a lofty moralpurity and seriousness; and 5) a dedicated idealism.II. Christopher Marlowe（克里斯托夫·马洛）1. M asterpieces: Tamburlaine, Parts I &II; Dr. Faustus; The Jew ofMalta; Edward II2. Tamburlaine is a play about an ambitious and pitiless Tartarconqueror in the fourteenth century who rose from a shepherd to an overpowering king. I n fact, Tamburlaine is a product of Marlowe’s characteristically Renaissance imagination, fascinated by the earthlymagnificence available to men of imaginative power who have the energy of their convictions.3. D r. Faustus is a play based on the German legend of a magicianaspiring for knowledge and finally meeting his tragic end as a result of selling his soul to the Devil. I t celebrates the human passion for knowledge, power and happiness; it also reveals man’s frustration in realizing the high aspirations in a hostile moral order. A nd the confinement to time is the cruelest fact of man’s condition. Marlowe praises his soaring aspiration for knowledge while warning against the sin of pride since Faustus’s downfall was caused by his despair I god and trust in Devil.4. M arlowe’s greatest achievement lies in that he perfected the blankverse and made it the principal medium of English drama. Marlowe employed hyperbole as his major figure of speech, which, instead of referring to the exaggeration of the language, indicates the poetic energy and intensity conveyed through the verseMarlowe’s second achievement is his creation of the Renaissance hero for English drama. D ifferent from the tragic hero I medieval plays, who seeks the way to heaven through salvation and God’s will, he is against convention al morality and contrives to obtain heaven on earth through his own efforts.III. William Shakespeare （威廉·莎士比亚）1. T he first period of Shakespeare’s dramatic career was one ofapprenticeship.(Henry VI; Richard III; The Comedy of Errors.In the second period, Shakespeare’s style and approach became highly individualized. B y constructing a complex pattern between different characters and between appearance and reality, Shakespeare made subtle comments on a variety of human foibles. (The M idsummer Night’s Dream;The Merchant of Venice; Romeo and Juliet.S hakespeare’s third period includes his greatest tragedies and his so-called dark comedies. (Hamlet; Othello; King Lear)T he last period of Shakespeare’s work includes his principal romantic tragicomedies.2. S hakespeare’s history plays are mainly written under the principlethat national unity under a mighty and just sovereign is a necessity.3. I n his romantic comedies, Shakespeare takes an optimistic attitudetoward love and youth, and the romantic elements are brought into full play. T he most important play among the comedies is The Merchant of Venice. T he sophistication derives in part from the play between high, outgoing romance and dark forces of negativity and hate. T he traditional theme of this play is to praise the friendship between Antonio and Bassanio, to idealize Portia as a heroine of great beauty,wit and loyalty, and to expose the insatiable greed and brutality of the Jew.C ompared with the idealism of other plays, The Merchant of Venicetakes a step forward in its realistic presentation of human nature and human conflict. T hough there is a ridiculous touch on the part of the characters restrained by their limitations, Shakespeare’s youthful Renaissance spirit of jollity can be fully seen in contrast to the medieval emphasis on future life in the next world.4. T he successful romantic tragedy is Romeo and Juliet, which eulogizesthe faithfulness of love and the spirit of pursuing happiness. T he play, though a tragedy, is permeated with optimistic spirit.5. S hakespeare’s greatest tragedies are: Hamlet, Othello, King Lear,and Macbeth. T hey have some characteristics in common. Each portrays some noble hero, who faces the injustice of human life and is caught in a difficult situation and whose fate is closely connected with the fate of the whole action. E ach hero has his weakness of nature. W ith the concentration on the tragic hero, we see the sharp conflicts between the individual and the evil force in the society, which shows that Shakespeare is a great realist in the true sense.6. T he hero Hamlet in Shakespeare’s play Hamlet is noted for hishesitation to take his revenge, his melancholy nature of action only to deny possibilities to do anything. H e came to know that his father was murdered by his uncle who became king. He hated him so deeply that he wanted to kill him. B ut he loved his widowed mother who later married his uncle, and he was afraid to hurt his mother. A nd also, when everything was ready for him to kill his uncle, he forgave him for his uncle was praying to God for his crime. T hus he lost the good chance.H amlet represented humanism of his time.7. S hakespeare takes the bare outlines of Revenge Tragedy, but whathe adds is infinitely more interesting than what he adopts. A nd the timeless appeal of this mighty drama lies in its combination of intrigue, emotional conflict and searching philosophic melancholy. T his play is also Shakespeare’s most detailed expose of a corrupted court—“an unweeded garden” in which there is nothing but“a foul and pestilent congregation of vapours.”B y revealing the power-seeking ,the jostling for place the hidden motives, the courteous superficialities that veil lust and guilt, Shakespeare condemns the hypocrisy and treachery and general corruption at the royal court.8. Shakespeare, as a humanist of the time, is against religiouspersecution and racial discrimination, against social inequality and the corrupting influence of gold and money. I n his plays, he does not hesitate to describe the cruelty and anti-natural character of the civil wars, but he did not go all the way against the feudal rule.9. S hakespeare’s views on literature:Shakespeare has accepted the Renaissance views on literature. H e holds that literature should be a combination of beauty, kindness and truth, and should reflect nature and reality. Shakespeare also states that literary works which have truly reflected nature and reality can reach immortality.10. T he characteristics of Shakespeare’s characters:S hakespeare’s major characters are neither merely individual ones nor type ones; they are individuals representing certain types. E ach character has his or her own personalities; meanwhile, they may share features with others.11. T he characteristics of Shakespeare’s plot:S hakespeare’s plays are well-known for their adroit plot construction.S hakespeare seldom invents his own plots; instead, he borrows them from some old plays or storybooks, or from ancient Greek and Roman sources.12. T he characteristics of Shakespeare’s language:I t is necessary to study the subtlest of his instruments—thelanguage. Shakespeare can write skillfully in different poetic form, like the sonnet, the blank verse, and the rhymed couplet. H e has an amazing wealth of vocabulary and idiom. H is coinage of new words and distortion of the meaning of the old ones also create striking effects on the reader.IV. Francis Bacon （弗兰西斯·培根）1. Francis Bacon, a representative of the Renaissance in England, isa well-known philosopher, scientist and essayist.2. T he most important works of his first group include The Advancementof Learning; Novum Organum. H is philosophical works also belong to the first group. H is literary works are in the second group, among which the most famous is Essays. Maxis of Law and The Learned Reading upon the Statute of Uses are the two famous works from the third group.3. N ovum Organum is a successful treatise written in Latin on methodology.I t is the most impressive display of bacon’s intellect. T he argumentis for the use of inductive method of reasoning in scientific study.B ut Bacon first expounds the four great false conceiving that beset men’smind and prevent them from seeking the truth. B acon suggests the inductive reasoning, i.e. proceeding from the particular to the general, the deductive reasoning, putting forward this theory. B acon shows the new empirical attitudes toward truth about nature and bravely challenges the medieval scholasticists.4. T he Advancement of Learning is a great tract on education. B aconhighly praises knowledge, refuting the objections to learning and outlining the problems with which his plan is to deal. A ccording to Bacon, man’s understanding consists of three parts: history to man’smemory, poetry to man’s imagination and creation, and philosophy to man’s reason.5. B acon cares more about axioms under the guidance of which man thinkand acts than human nature or morality.B acon’s essays are famous for their brevity, compactness andpowerfulness. T he essays are well-arranged and enriched by Biblical allusions, metaphors and cadence.6. O f Studies is the most popular of Bacon’s 58 essays. I t analyzes whatstudies chiefly serve for, the different ways adopted by different people to pursue studies, and how studies exert influence over human character. F orceful and persuasive, compact and precise. O f Studies reveals to us Bacon’s mature attitude towards learning.V. J ohn Donne （约翰·邓恩）1. T he term “metaphysical poetry”is commonly used to name the work ofthe 17th-century writers who wrote under the influence of John Donne.W ith a rebellious spirit the metaphysical poets tried to break away from the conventional fashion of the Elizabethan love poetry. T he diction is simple as compared with that of the Elizabethan or the Neoclassic periods, and echoes the words and cadences of common speech. T he imagery is drawn from the actual life. T he form is frequently that of an argument with the poet’s beloved, with God, or with himself.2. T he Elegies and Satires; The Songs and Sonnets.VI. J ohn Milton （约翰·弥尔顿）1. Paradise Lost ; Paradise Regained; Samson Agonistes.2. P aradise Lost is about Eve, seduced by Satan’s rhetoric and her ownconfused ambition—as well as the mere prompting of hunger—falls into sin through innocent credulity. A dam falls by consciously choosing human love rather than obeying God. T his is the error wherein his greatness lies.I n the fall of man Adam discovered his full humanity. B ut man’s fallis the sequel to another and more stupendous tragedy.3. W orking through the tradition of a Christian humanism, Milton wroteParadise Lost, intending to expose the ways of Satan and to “justify the ways of God to men.”A t the center of the conflict between human love and spiritual duty lies Milton’s fundamental concern with freedom and choice; the freedom to submit to God’s prohibition on eating the apple and the choice of disobedience made for love.4. T he freedom of the will is the keystone of Milton’s creed. H is poemattempts to convince us that the unquestionable truth of Biblical revelation means that an all-knowing God was just in allowing Adam and Eve to be tempted and, of their free will, to choose sin and its inevitable punishment. A nd, thereby, it opens the way for the voluntarysacrifice of Christ which showed the mercy of God in bringing good out of evil.5. I n his life, Milton shows himself a real revolutionary, a master poetand a great prose writer. H e fought for freedom in all aspects as a Christian humanist, while his achievements in literature make him tower over all the other English writers of his time and exert a great influence over later ones.莎士比亚1. 莎士比亚戏剧生涯的第一阶段是作为一名学徒。
英美文学题库教学内容
英美文学题库Chapter I An Introduction to Old and Medieval English Literature & The Renaissance PeriodI. Choose the right answer:1. Dr. Faustus is a play based on the _____legend of a magician aspiring for ____ and finally meeting his tragic end as a result of selling his soul to the Devil.A.British/ immoralityB.French/moneyC.German/knowledgeD.American/political powerAnswer: C (可参考课本P21)2. _____, is a typical example of Old English poetry, is regarded today as the national epic of the Anglo-Saxons.A.T he Wife’s ComplaintB.BeowulfC.The Dream of the RoodD.The SeafarerAnswer: B (可参考课本P1)3.It’s Chaucer alone who, for the first time in English literature, presented to us a comprehensive realistic picture of the English Society in his masterpiece__________.A.The Canterbury TalesB.The Legend of Good WomenC.Troilus and CriseydeD. The Romaunt of the Rose.Answer: A (可参考课本P4)4. The Essence of Renaissance, the most significant intellectual movement, was_____.A. Geographical explorationB. Religious reformationC. Publishing and translationD. Humanism. Answer: D (可参考课本P8)5. “Prince Arthur’s greatest mission is his search for Gloriana, with whom he has fallen in love through a love vision.”The two figures come from_____.A.Paradise LostB.Dr. FaustusC.The Faerie QueeneD.HamletAnswer: C (可参考课本P13)6. In “Sonnet 18”, Shakespeare_________________.A.Meditate on the destructive power of time and eternal beauty by poetry.B.Satirize human’s vanity.C.Predict the eternity of love.D.Eulogize the power of the beauty. Answer: A (P37)7. ____ gave new vigor to the blank verse with his “mighty lines” and make ’blank verse’ the principle vehicle of expression in drama.A.SurreyB.WyattC.MarloweD.SidneyAnswer: C (P21)8. Shakespeare’s greatest tragedies are the following works except____.A.HamletB.King LearC.Romeo and JulietD.OthelloAnswer: C (P33)9. The Renaissance refers to between 14th----mid-17th century, which was under the reign ofQueen___and absolute monarchy in England reached its summit, and in which the ’real main stream (真正的文学主流)’ was ____.收集于网络，如有侵权请联系管理员删除A.Victoria/poetryB.Elizabeth/ dramaC.Mary/ novelD.James/ dramaAnswer: B (P11)10. In The Legend of Good Women, Chaucer used for the first time in English the rhymed couplet of iambic pentameter, which is to be called later____.A.The Spenserian stanzaB.The heroic coupletC.The blank verseD.The free verseAnswer: B (P5)11. The Redcrosse Knight in “The Faerie Queene” stands for_____, and Una stands for_____.A.bravery/ chastityB.holiness/ truthC.error/ deliveryD.true gentleman/ lady.Answer: B (P16)12. Which of the following is NOT regarded as one of the characteristics of Renaissance?A.Rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek culture.B.Attempt to remove the old feudalist ideas in Medieval Europe.C.Exaltation of man’s pursuit of happiness in his life, and tolerance of man’s foibles.D.Praise of man’s efforts in soul delivery and personal salvation.Answer: D (P7)13. “The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune” is an example of ______.A.MetaphorB.SimileC.IronyD.PersonificationAnswer: A (P55)14. _____ introduced the Petrarchan sonnet into England.A.Anglos/ SaxonsB.Normans/ Anglo-SaxonsC.Greeks/ RomansD.Romans/ NormansAnswer: B (P11)15. It is ___ alone who, for the first time in English literature presented to us a comprehensive realistic picture of the English society of his time and created a whole gallery of vivid characters from all walks of life.A.Edmund SpenserB.Geoffrey ChaucerC.William ShakespeareD.John DonneAnswer: B (P4)16. The following bel ong to the characteristics of ’metaphysical poetry’ represented by ’John Donne’ except___.A.ConceitsB.Actual imagery and simple dictionC.Argumentative formD.Elegant styleAnswer: D (P63)17. Paradise Lost is actually a story taken from____.A.Greek MythologyB.Roman legendC.The Old TestamentD.The New TestamentAnswer: C (P73)18. In “Paradise Lost”, Satan says “We may with more successful hope resolve/ To wage by force or guile eternal war, / Irreconcilable to our grand Foe” What does the “Eternal war” mean?A.To remove God from his throneB.To burn the Heaven DownC.To corrupt God’s creation of man and woman-----Adam and EveD.To beguile into a snake to threaten man’s lifeAnswer: C (P71, 节选部分在P75)收集于网络，如有侵权请联系管理员删除19. _____, the first of the great tragedies, is gene rally regarded as Shakespeare’s most popular play on the stage, for it has the qualities of a “blood-and-thunder” thriller and a ’philosophical exploration’ of life and death.A.The Merchant of VeniceB.HamletC.King LearD.The Winter’s TaleAnswer: B (P33)20. It was ___and ___ the two conquests that provided the source for the rise and growth of English literature.A.Anglos/ SaxonsB.Normans/ Anglo-SaxonsC.Romans/ NormansD.Greeks/ RomansAnswer: B (P1)21. Paradise Lost is ___’s masterpiece, which is a n epic in 12 books, written in blank verse, about the heroic revolt of Satan against God’s authority.A.John DonneB.Christopher MarloweC.John MiltonD.Edmund SpenserAnswer: C (P71)22. The following description fit into Milton ’except’_____.A.a great revolutionary poet of the 17th centuryB.an outstanding political pamphleteerC.a great stylist and master of blank verseD.a kind of elegant and refine style.Answer: D (P70---73)23. _____is not written by John Milton.A.Samson AgonistesB.Paradise LostC.Paradise regainedD.TamburlaineAnswer: D (P71)24. Marlow’s greatest achievement is that he perfected the ’blank verse’, and he is regarded as ’the pioneer of English drama’, which of the following is not written by him?A.TamburlaineB.The Jew of MaltaC.The Passionate to His LoveD.The Sun RisingAnswer: D (P20)25. ____Essays is the first example of that genre in English literature, which has been recognized as an important landmark in the development of English prose.A.John Milton’sB.Francis Bacon’sC.Montaigne’sD.Thomas Gray’sAnswer: B (P58)26. _____Was known as “the poets’ poet”.A.William ShakespeareB.Edmund SpenserC.John DonneD.John MiltonAnswer: B (P15)27. “And we will make thee beds of roses / And a thousand fragrant posies/ A cap of flowers, and a kirtle/ Embroidered all with leaves of myrtle.” The above lines are probably taken from______.A.Spenser’s The Faerie QueeneB.John Donne’s The Sun RisingC.Shakespeare’s Sonnet 18D.Marlow’s The Passionate Shepherd to His Love.Answer: D (P28)28. Which of the following statement best illustrates the theme of Shakespeare’s Sonnet 18?A.The speaker eulogizes the power of Nature.B.The speaker satirizes human vanity.C.The speaker praises the power of artistic creation.D.The speaker meditate s on man’s salvation. Answer: C (P37)II. Read the quoted part and answer the questions:收集于网络，如有侵权请联系管理员删除1.“For herein Fortune shows herself more kindThan is her custom. It is still her useTo let the wretched man outlive his wealth,To view with hollow eye and wrinkled browAn age of poverty; from which ling’ring penanceOf such misery doth she cut me off”1.Identify the title of the works and author.2.Explain “from which…cut me off”.3.What happened to him, which caused the words?参考答案:The lines are from “The Merchant of Venice”,William Shakespeare. (P48)2) This sentence means she, ’Lady Fortune(命运女神)’, is more kind to him because she is taking away both his wealth and life.3) The speaker is Antonio, it’s said that his ship have all been lost, and he is pennile ss, and will have to pay the pound of flesh. (Because Shylock has made a strange bond that requires Antonio to pay him a pound of flesh if he can’t repay him the money that he borrowed for his friend in due time.) (P38)2.“Read not to contract and confuse, not to believe and take for granted, nor to find talk and discourse, but to weigh and consider”1)Identify the work and author.2)What idea does the passage express?参考答案：1) The sentence comes from “Of Studies” written by ’Francis Bacon’. (P61)2) The Sentence talks about the proper way to read: When you read, don’t be puzzled by the content of the book; don’t take it for granted; don’t quote too much from the book; before accepting its idea, you’d better think about its shortcomings and consider it fro m all sides.3.“ Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow’st;Nor shall death brag thou wander’st in his shade,When in eternal lines to time thou grow’st:So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see,So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.1) Where does the poem comes from? Who wrote it?What does “eternal lines” mean?Interpret it briefly.收集于网络，如有侵权请联系管理员删除参考答案：1) The poem is “ Shall I Compare thee to a Summer’s Day”, by Shakespeare. (P38)2) Eternal lines means the lines of the poem and other sonnets. (P38)3) It means: you will not lose your beauty, and death will not threaten you with darkness, either. As long as man can live in the world, they will see your beauty in my lines of my poem, which has given you eternal life. (Or A nice summer’s day is usually tra nsient, but the beauty in poetry can last for ever. (P37)4.“… All is no lost: the unconquerable will,And study of revenge, immortal hate,And courage never to submit or yield:And what is else not to be overcome?……Irreconcilable to our grand Foe”1) Please identify the poem and the poet.2) Interpret“all is not lost”.3) What does the whole passage mean?参考答案：1) It is taken from John Milton’s “Paradise Lost”.(P74)2) “all is not lost” is the word from Satan----Satan and other angels rebel against God, but they are driven from Heaven into hell. In the fire of the hell, Satan is determined to fight back, just like what he says: not all is lost, the unconquerable will, the deep hatred, and the courage to fight till death still remain. (P71)3) This passage shows Satan’s will not to submit (服从), and the desire to long for freedom; to beg God for mercy and worship his power is more shameful and disgraceful than the downfall.(P71)5.“If he be not apt to beat over matters, let him study the lawyer’s cases. So ev ery defect of the mind may have a special receipt.”Questions: 3)What does “beat over matters” mean?4)What does “receipt’ refer to?5)From which essay does the above sentences come, what is the essay mainly about?参考答案：1)It means: make through examinations of things. (P63)2)“Receipt” refers to cure, prescription. (P63)3)The sentences are from “Of Studies” (Francis Bacon). It is the most popular of bacon’s essays. It analyzes what studies chiefly serve for, the different ways adopted by different people to pursue studies, and how studies exert influence over human character. (P60—61)6.“What, is great Mephistophilis to passionateFor being deprived of the joys of heaven?Learn thou of Faustus manly fortitudeAnd scorn those joys thou never shalt possess.……收集于网络，如有侵权请联系管理员删除Say he will spare him Four and twenty yearsLetting him live in all voluptuousnessHaving thee ever to attend on me…Questions:1)Identify the passage and author;2)“Say he surrenders up to him his soul”, who will surrender his soul? What for?3)Who are thee? What will he do?参考答案：1) The passage comes from “Dr.Faustus” written by Christopher Marlowe. (P25—26)2) Dr.Faustus will surrender his soul to devil. Because he was a great scholar who has a strong desire to ’get knowledge’ in vain, finally he ’made a bond’ to sell his soul to Devil in return for 24 years of life in which he may get anything he desires. (P22)3) The “thee”, refers to “Mephistophilis”, the Devil’s servant.He helped Dr.Faustus to do anything he wants. (P22)7.“Busy old fool, unru ly sun,Why does thou thus,Through windows and through curtains call on us?”Questions:6)Identify the work and author.7)What idea does the passage express?参考答案:1)The passage comes from “The Sun Rising”, written by ’John Donne’. (P66)2) The speaker questions the sun’s authority and speaks condescendingly, placing the sun in the status of a subordinate. In the lover’s kingdom, the sun has no right to dictate the time of day or the passing of seasons. His presence in their bedchamber is an intrusion on their privacy.III. Questions and answers:1.How do you know about Renaissance? Give a summery about English literature in the period?参考答案:1.The Renaissance refers to the period between 14th----mid-17th century. It first started in Italy.2.The Renaissance means rebirth or revival----the discovery of ancient Roman and Greek culture.3.In essence, The Renaissance is a historical period in which the European humanist thinkers and scholars tried to get rid of the old feudalist ideas in medieval Europe, to introduce new ideas that expressed the interests of the rising bourgeoisie/middle class, and to recover the purity of the early church from the corruption of Roman Catholic church.4.Humanism is the essence of Renaissance -----Man is the measure of all things. The humanism exalted/praised human nature and emphasized the dignity of human beings and the present life. They thought man had the right to enjoy the beauty of life and had the ability to perfect himself and made收集于网络，如有侵权请联系管理员删除wonders, which got ready for the appearance of the great Elizabethan writers in Britain. Poetry and drama were the most outstanding literary forms.5.Shakespeare, Marlowe and Francis Bacon etc. were the remarkable representatives of the English Renaissance.(可参考课本P7---12)2. Please give a brief analysis of Hamlet’s “To be or not to be” soliloquy (独白).参考答案:“To be or not to be” is ’a philosophical exploration of life and death’. The soliloquy condemned the hypocrisy and treachery and general corruption of the world, and revealed the character of Hamlet---so ’speculative, questioning, contemplative and melancholy./gloomy’. It was not because he was not able to take action to revenge, but because of his ’hesitative/hesitant character’, when the chance for action came, it seemed defeat.It ca n be interpreted as: Hamlet bears the heavy burden of the duty to revenge his father’s death, he is forced to live in the suspense of facts and fiction, language and action. He considers that it would be better to ’commit suicide’, but being scared of what might happen to him in the afterlife. So he put off the thing because of the sin. He considers the plan carefully only to find reason for not carrying it out. The soliloquy conveys ’the sense of world-weariness (厌世)’ . (P33-34)3. What common features do the characters share in Marlow’s works? (No more than 150 words)参考答案:The creation of The Renaissance hero is one of Marlow’s contributions.1)Such a hero is always individualistic and full of ambition, facing bravely the challenge from god and men. They had human dignity and capacity, trying to get heaven/highest ideas on the earth by their own efforts.2)For example: Tamburlaine is a character written by Marlowe. By depicting a great hero with high ambition and sheer brutal forc4e in conquering, Marlowe voiced the supreme desire of man for infinite/ limitless power and authority. In Dr.Faustus, Marlowe celebrated the human passion for knowledge, power and happiness.3) Tamburlaine and Dr.Faustus are typical in owning such Renaissance spirit, Tamburlaine, being a cruel conquer, found happiness in conquering other kingdom. Only death could defeat him. While Dr.Faustus, a more introspective and philosophical figure, had high spirit for knowledge but he had sin for having despair in God and trust in Devil. (P20—22)4. What are the main themes of Shakespeare’s plays?收集于网络，如有侵权请联系管理员删除参考答案：Shakespeare’s plays are divided into 3 types: comedies, tragedies and historical plays.1) His historical plays are with the theme-----national unity under a might and just sovereign/ruler is necessary.2)In his romantic comedies, he takes an optimistic attitude toward love friendship and youth.3)In his tragedies, Shakespeare always portrays some noble heroes, who faces the injustice of life and is caught in a difficult situation and whose fate is closely connected with the fate of his nation. Each hero has his weakness of nature. We also see the conflict between the individual and the evil force in the society. And his major characters are always individuals representing certain types.5. Please comment on the character of Satan in “Paradise Lost.”参考答案：Satan is a rebellious (叛逆的) figure against God in literature, defeated, he and his rebel angels were cast into hell. However, Satan refused to accept his failure, swearing that “all was not lost” and that he would revenge for his downfall. The freedom of the will is the keystone of Satan’s character, which was the important spirit of the rising middle class. While he tempted Adam and Eve, which proved his evilness.6. What are the characteristics of the Humanism?参考答案：1)’Humanism’ is the essence of Renaissance.2)Humanists see that human beings were glorious creatures capable of individual development in the direction of perfection, and that the world they inhabited was theirs not to despise (轻视) butto ’question, explore, and enjoy’.3)They also believe that man did not only have the right to enjoy the beauty of this life, but had the ability to perfect himself and to perform wonders (创造奇迹). (P8)Chapter 2 The Neoclassical PeriodI. Choose the right answer:1. ____brings Henry Fielding the name of the "Prose Homer".A.The Pilgrim’s ProgressB.Tom JonesC.Robison CrusoeD.Colonel JackAnswer: B (P122)2. Alexander Pope worked painstakingly on his poemsand finally brought to its last perfection ______Drydenhad successfully used in his plays.A.the heroic coupletB.the free verseC.the blank verseD.the Spenserian stanza收集于网络，如有侵权请联系管理员删除Answer: A (P92)3. Of all the 18th century novelists ___was the first to set out,both in theory and practice, to write specially a "comic epic in prose."A.Henry FieldingB.Daniel DefoeC.Jonathan SwiftD.John BunyanAnswer: A (P120)4. ____is the most successful religious allegory in the English language.A.Genesis AB.The Holy WarC.The Pilgrims progressD.ExodusAnswer: C (P85)5. In which of the following works can you find the proper names"Lilliput", "Brobdingnag", "Houyhnhnm" and "Yahoo"?A.The Pilgrim’s ProgressB.The Faririe QueeneC.Gulliver’s travelsD.The School of Scandel Answer: C (P108)6. "As shades more sweetly recommend the light,So modest plainness sets off sprightly wit;For works may have more wit than does’em goodAs bodies perish through excess of blood."In the above lines, Pope tries to sat that_______.A.more wit will make better poetryB.plainness is more important than wit in poetryC.too much wit will destroy good poetryD.plainness will make wit dullAnswer: C (P93-94)7. The Rape of the Lock by Alexander Pope is written in the form of a mock______, which describes the triviality of high society in a grand style.A.epicB.elegyC.sonnetD.odeAnswer: A (P92)8. Which of the following is NOT a typical feature of Samuel Johnson’s language style?A.His sentences are long and well structured.B.His sentences are interwoven with parallel words.C.He tends to use informal and colloquial words.D.His sentences are complicated, but his thoughts are clearly expressed.Answer: C (P132)9. "The boast of heraldry, the pomp of power,And all that beauty, all that wealth e’er gave,Awaits alike the inevitable hour.In the above quoted passage, Thomas Gray intends to say that great family, power, beauty and wealth___________.A.will never make people lead to the same destination----paths of glory.B.will inevitably make people realize their glorious dreamsC.are the very best things to lead people to their gloriesD.will never prevent people from reaching their final destination---grave.Answer: D (P154)收集于网络，如有侵权请联系管理员删除10. ____has been regarded by some as "Father of the English novel" for his contribution to the establishment of the form of the modern novel.A.John BunyanB.Henry FieldingC.Daniel DefoeD.Johnathan SwiftAnswer: B (P121)11. ____was very much concerned with the theme of the vanity of human wishes and tried to awaken men to this folly and hoped to cure them of it through his writing.A.Samuel JohnsonB.Jonathan SwiftC.Richard Brinsley SheridanD.Thomas GrayAnswer: A (P132)12. ____was the only important dramatist of the 18th century, in his plays, morality is the constant theme.A.Alexander PopeB.Richard Brinsley SheridanC.Samuel JohnsonD.George Bernard Shaw Answer: B (P136)13. As the representative of the Enlightenment, Pope was one of the first to introduce___to England.A.RationalismB.CriticismC.RomanticismD.RealismAnswer: A (P91)14. The Rivals and ____are generally regarded as important links between the masterpiece of Shakespeare and those of Bernard Shaw.A.The School for ScandalB.The DuennaC.Widower’s HousesD.The Doctor’s DilemmaAnswer: A (P137)15. ____is a sharp satire on the moral degeneracy(道德沦丧) of the aristocratic-bourgeois society in the 18th century England.A.The RivalsB.Gulliver’s TravelsC.Toms JonesD.The School for ScandalAnswer: D (P138)16. The poem "Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard" by Thomas Gray is regarded as the most representative work of _____.A.The Metaphysical SchoolB.The Graveyard SchoolC.The Gothic SchoolD.The Romantic School Answer: B (P152)17. _______, written in heroic couplet by Pope, is considered manifesto of English Neoclassicism.A.An Essay of Dramatic PoetryB.An Essay on CriticismC.The Advancing of learningD.An Essay on FreedomAnswer: B (P93)18. ______is a typical feature of Swift’s writings.A.Elegant styleB.Causal narrationC.Bitter satireplicated sentence structureAnswer: C (P107)19. In the following writings by Henry Fielding, which brings him the name of the "Prose Homer"?A.The Coffee---House Politician.B.The Tragedy of Tragedies.C.The History of Tom Jones, A Foundling.D.The History of Amelia.Answer: C (P120)20. "Hold! See whether it is or not before you go to the door----I have a particular message for you if it should be my brother."The two sentences are found in ________.A.The School for ScandalB.The RivalsC.The CriticD.The Scheming LieutenantAnswer: A (P139)21. In terms of Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard, which is wrong?A.The author employs metaphor in this poem.B.The author excessively expresses his personal melancholy.C.Here he reveals his sympathy for the poor and the unknown.D.He mocks the great ones who despise the poor and bring havoc on them.Answer: B (P152-153)22. The Houyhnhnms depicted by Jonathan Swift in Gulliver’s Travels are________.A.horses that are endowed with reason.B.pigmies that are endowed with admirable qualitiesC.giants that are superior in wisdom.D.Hairy, wild, low and despicable creatures,who resemble human beings not only in appearancebut also in some other ways.Answer: A (P108)II. Read the quoted part and answer the questions:1. "Words are like leaves;and where they most abound,Much fruit of sense beneath is rarely found.False eloquence, like the prismatic glass,Its gaudy colors spreads on every place;The face of Nature we no more survey,All glares alike, without distinction gay."Questions:1) Identify the author and the passage;2) Name the devices used in the passage with examples;3) Explain "Words….found".4) What is the mainly implied idea of the passage?参考答案：1) The passage is from Pope’s "An Essay on Criticism". (P94)2) In the passage the author used "Simile" the device, e.g. "Words are like leaves" and "false eloquence, like the prismatic glass’ etc.3) The sentence means: Where/When too many words are used, they seldom express much sense.4) The passage implies authors sh ouldn’t stress too much the artificial use of Conceit or the external beauty of language, they should pay special attention to True Wit, which is best set in the plain style.(just as too many leaves will cover the fruits,too gaudy/ showy glass will hide the face the Nature, too false and eloquent language will hide the Wit in the articles.) <P93>2. "Let not Ambition mock their useful toil,Their homely joys, and destiny obscure;Nor Grandeur hear with a disdainful smileThe short and simple annals of the poor.The boast of heraldry, the pomp of power,And all that beauty, all that wealth e’er gave,Awaits alike the inevitable hour.The paths of glory lead but to the grave."Questions:1) Identify the author and the works;2) What does "the inevitable hour"?3) Explain the first stanza;4) What does the whole passage imply.参考答案：1) This is Thomas Gray’s "Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard".托马斯·格雷的《写在教堂墓地的挽歌》(P154)2) "The inevitable hour" means time of death. (P156)3) The first stanza means: The men with ambition and high position shouldn’t laugh at the ordinary people for their simple life and hard work.4) In the passage, the poet reflects on the death----no matter how poor or wealthy, or how important and humble, every is equal before death, the author gives much sympathy to the poor and unknown (P153)III. Questions and answers:1.Please analyze the Neoclassical period and the characters of the literature.参考答案：1)The Neoclassical period is about 1660-1798, also known as"the Age of Enlightenment" or "the age of Reason".2)Its background was:a.It was an age full of conflicts and difference of values;b.It was an age of fast development for English to becomethe first powerful capitalist country in the world; c.It was an age of economic development, in which bourgeois/middle class grew rapidly.3)In essence, the Neoclassical Period was a progressive intellectual movement.4)The Enlighteners believed in self-restraint, self-reliance and hard work;They celebratedreason/rationality, equality and science.They advocated universal education, which could make people rational and prefect, they believed.5)In literature, The Enlightenment Movement brought about a revival of interest in the ancient Greek and Roman classical works; theworks at the time, heavily didactic and moralizing; having fixed laws and rules for every type of the literature; among which prose and the modern English novel predominated the age. (At the end of the age sentimentalism and Gothic Novel appeared.) 6) The age was an important age with the remarkable authors Pope, Defoe, etc.<P79- - -83>2.Please cite examples from "Gulliver’s Travels" to explain briefly how did Swift criticized and allude to the government and the society.参考答案:1)In the first part of the "Gulliver’s Trave ls", Swift described the tricks and practices in the competition held before royal members to allude to the fact that the success of the officials was not for their wisdom and excellence but for their skills in the games;2)In the part 4 of the book, Swift made horses with reason and good qualities.The citizens who are "hairy, wild, low and despicable brutes, who resemble human beings not only in appearance but also in almost every way" to criticize/satirize all respects of the English and European life, and urge people to consider the nature of the human and life. (P108-109)3. People always say that: "As a member of the middle class, Defoe spoke for and to the members of his class" .How do you understand this sentence? Please explain it with the character of him.参考答案：1) In most of his works, Defoe gave his praise to the hard-working, sturdy middle class and showed his sympathy for the lower-class people. Robinson Crusoe was such a character.2) Robison goes out to sea, gets shipwrecked and marooned/landed on a lonely island, struggles to live for 24 years there and finally is saved by a ship and returns to England. During the period Robinson leads a harsh and lonely life and survives by growing corps, taming animals, etc. growing from a naive young man into a hardened man.3) With a great capacity for work, inexhaustible energy (精力充沛), courage and persistence in overcoming difficulties（在克服困难方面持之以恒）, in struggling against nature, Crusoe becomes the prototype / representative of the empire builder, the pioneer colonist. （他是大英帝国缔造者的完美典范，同时也是殖民者的先驱）．4) In the novel, Defoe glorified human labor and the puritan fortitude which the middle class praised highly, so he can be regarded as aspokesman of the bourgeois. (P98-100)Chapter 3 The Romantic PeriodI. Choose the right answer:。
新大纲英美文学温习重点27位作家-精编
《英美文学选读》二、考情分析（一）关于考核要求的调整考核要求中每章概述内容不作调整；“该时期的重要作家”只包括对考核知识点中保留的重要作家的相关内容的考核。
（二）大纲调整后的特点（1）新大纲加倍突出了英美各个文学时期的时期特点。
如：文艺振兴时期的戏剧和诗史，浪漫主义时期的诗歌等。
从这个意义上讲，命题的重点突出了。
（2）新大纲中考核的作家，都是每一个文学时期文学潮流的最具代表性的作家，都是对该时期文学的发展起到决定作用的作家。
从这个意义上讲，命题的核心集中了。
（3）新大纲中所保留的作家的作品大多是广大考生耳熟能详的作品，从这个意义上讲，考试的难度降低了。
三、温习方式（二）每章概述部份的温习重点在对这部份的温习中，重点关注每一个文学时期的界定和其标志性事件；另外每一个文学时期的时期特点和突出文学成绩也是考查的重点，还有本时期同时存在的文学流派的特点也是重点内容。
（三）每章重点作家的温习重点作家的文学史上的地位和贡献；作家的代表作和代表作的中心大意和所反映的社会现实；作家的写作风格和写作特点也是命题的重点。
（四）每章作品选读的温习重点作品选读前面的斜体字部份的简介和归纳；作品中的名句；作品选读中的注释部份，小说作品中的人物关系。
Part One: English LiteratureAn Introduction to Old and Medieval English LiteratureI Understanding and application: (理解应用)1. England’s inhabitants are Celts. And it is conquered by Romans, Anglo Saxons and Normans. The Anglo-Saxons brought the Germanic language and culture to England, while Normans brought the Mediterranean civilization, including Greek culture, Rome law and the Christian religion. It is the cultural influence of these two conquests that provided the source for the rise and growth of English literature.2. The old English literature extends from about 450 to 1066, the year of the Norman conquest of England.3. The old English poetry that has survived can be divided into two groups: The religious group and the secular one4. Beowulf: a typical example of Old English poetry is regarded as the national epic of theAnglo-Saxons. It is an example of the mingling of nature myths and heroic legends.5. After the Norman’s conquest, three languages co-existed in England. French is the official language that is used by king and the Norman lords. Latin is the principal tongue of church affairs and in universities. Old English was spoken only by the common English people.6. In the second half of 14th century, English literature started to flourish with the appearance of writers like Geoffrey Chaucer, William Langland, John Gower, and othersII Recite: (识记再现)1. Romance:①It uses narrative verse or prose to sing knightly adventures or other heroic deeds is a popular literary form in the medieval period.②It has developed the characteristic medieval motifs of the quest, the test, the meeting with the evil giant and the encounter with the beautiful beloved.③The hero is usually the knight, who sets out on a journey to accomplish some missions. There are often mysteries and fantasies in romance.④Romantic love is an important part of the plot in romance.Characterization is standardized, While the structure is loose and episodic, the language is simple and straightforward.⑤The importance of the romance itself can be seen as a means of showing medieval aristocratic men and women in relation to their idealized view of the world.2. Heroic couplet:Heroic couplet is a rhymed couplet of iambic pentameter. It is Chaucer who used it for the first time in English in his work The Legend of Good Woman.3. The theme of Beowulf:The poem presents a vivid picture of how the primitive people wage heroic struggles against the hostile forces of the natural world under a wise and mighty leader. The poem is an example of the mingling of the nature myths and heroic legends.4. The Wife of Bath in The Canterbury Tales:The Wife of Bath is depicted as the new bourgeois wife asserting her independence. Chaucer develops his characterization to a higher artistic level by presenting characters with both typical qualities and individual dispositions.5. Chaucer’s achievement:①He presented a comprehensive realistic picture of his age and created a whole gallery of vivid characters in his works, especially in The Canterbury Tales.②He anticipated a new ear, the Renaissance, to come under the influence of the Italian writers.③He developed his characterization to a higher level by presenting characters with both typical qualities and individual dispositions.④He greatly contributed to the maturing of English poetry. Today, Chaucer’s reputation has been securely established as one of the best English poets for his wisdom, humor and humanity.6. “The F ather of English poetry”:Originally, Old English poems are mainly alliterative verses with few variations.①Chaucer introduced from France the rhymed stanzas of various types to English poetry to replace it.②In The Romaunt of the Rose (玫瑰传奇), he first introduced to the English the octosyllabic couplet (八音节对偶句).③In The Legend of Good Women, he used for the first time in English heroic couplet.④And in his masterpiece, The Canterbury Tales, he employed heroic couplet with true ease and charm for the first time in the history of English literature.⑤His art made him one of the greatest poets in English; John Dryden called him “the father of English poetry”.【例题】The work that presented, for the first time in English literature, a comprehensive realistic picture of the medieval English society and created a whole gallery of vivid characters from all walks of life is most likely ______________. (0704)A. William Langland’s Piers PlowmanB. Geoffrey Chaucer’s The Canterbury TalesC. John Gower’s Confession AmantisD. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight【答案】B本题考查的是中世纪时期几位诗人作品的创作主题和创作范围。
英美文学复习题
英美文学复习题《英美文学选读》复习指导资料An Introduction to Old and Medieval English Literature1. Choose the best answer for each blank.1). The period of ______ English literature begins from about 450 to 1066, the year of ______.A. Old----RenaissanceB. Middle---- the Norman Conquest of EnglandC. Middle ---- RenaissanceD. Old---- the Norman Conquest of England2).. The Medieval period in English literature extends from 1066 up to the ______ century.A. mid-13thB. mid-14thC. mid-15thD. mid-16th3). Beowulf, a typical example of Old English poetry, is regarded today as the national ______ of the Anglo-Saxons.A. sonnetB. essayC. epicD. novel4). In The Canterbury Tales, ______ presented to us a comprehensive realistic picture of the English society of his time and created a whole gallery of vivid characters from all walks of life.A. Geoffrey ChaucerB. William ShakespeareC. Francis BaconD. William Langland5). For the Renaissance, ______ was regarded as the English Homer. His reputation has been securely established as one of the best English poets for his wisdom, humor and ______.A. Geoffrey Chaucer----witsB. William Shakespeare----witsC. Geoffrey Chaucer----humanityD. William Shakespeare----humanity6). After the conquest of 1066, three languages co-existed in England. They are ______, ______ and______.A. Old English, Greek, LatinB. Old English, French, LatinC. Old English, Greek, FrenchD. English, Greek, French7). Geoffrey Chaucer is the greatest writer of the Medieval period in English literature. In “The Legend of Good Women”, he used for the first time in English the rhymed couplet of iambic pentameter which is to be called later the ______.A. coupletB. blank verseC. heroic coupletD. epic8). Thematically the poem “Beowulf” presents a vivid picture of how the primitive people wage heroic struggle against the hostile forces of the ______ world under a wise and mighty ______.A. spiritual----heroB. natural----leaderC. spiritual----godD.natural----monster9). It can be said that though essentially still a medieval writer, Geoffrey Chaucer bore marks of humanism and anticipated a new ______ to come.A. manB. theoryC. doctrineD. era10). Geoffrey Chaucer introduced from France the rhymed stanzas of various types to English poetry to replace the Old English ______ verse.A. rhymedB. alliterativeC. socialD. visionary2. Explain the following literal terms.1). Romance 2). Heroic Couplet 3). Epic3. Answer the following questions.1). How many groups do the Old English poetry divided into? What are they? Which group does Beowulf belong to? Why?2). What is the contribution of Geoffrey Chaucer to English literature?The Renaissance Period1. Choose the best answer for each blank.1). The Renaissance, in essence, is a historical period in which the European ______ thinkers and scholars made attempts to get rid of those old feudalist ideas in medieval Europe, to introduce new ideas that expressed the interests of the rising bourgeoisie, and to recover the purity of the early church form the corruptionof the Roman Catholic Church.A. Greek and RomanB. humanistC. religiousD. loyal2). Generally, the ______ refers to the period between the 14th and mid-17th centuries. It first started in Italy, with the flowering of painting, sculpture and literature. From Italy the movement went to embrace the rest of Europe.A. Medieval PeriodB. RenaissanceC. Old English PeriodD. Romantic Period3). ______ is the essence of the Renaissance. Thomas More, Christopher Marlowe and _______ are the best representatives of the English humanists.A. Humanity---- William ShakespeareB. Humanism-----Francis BaconC. Humanity---- Geoffrey ChaucerD. Humanism----William Shakespeare4). The Elizabethan ______ is the real mainstream of the English Renaissance. The most famous dramatists in the Renaissance England are Christopher Marlowe, William Shakespeare, and ______.A. novel--- Geoffrey ChaucerB. poetry----Francis BaconC. drama----Ben JonsonD. drama----Geoffrey Chaucer5). Humanism sprang from the endeavor to restore a medieval reverence for the antique authors and is frequentlytaken as the beginning of the Renaissance on its conscious, intellectual side, for the Greek and ______ civilization was based on such a conception that ______ is the measure of all things.A. Roman ---- moralB. French---- reasonC. Roman---- manD. French---- God6).One of the major result of the Reformation in England was the fact that the Bible in English was placed in every church and services were held in English instead of ______ so that people could understand.A. LatinB. FrenchC. GreekD. Anglo-Saxon7). Wyatt, in the Renaissance period, introduced the Petrarchan ______ into England, while Surrey brought in ______ verse.A. drama----freeB. sonnet----blankC. terzarima----blankD. couplet----free8). In the early stage of the English Renaissance, poetry and ______ were the most outstanding forms and they were carried on especially by William Shakespeare and Ben Jonson.A. fictionB. dramatic fictionC. poetic dramaD. novel9). By emphasizing the dignity of human beings and theimportance of the present life, ______ voiced their beliefs that man did not only have the right to enjoy the beauty of this life, but had the ability to perfect himself and to perform wonders.A. humanistsB. ProtestantsC. CatholicsD. playwrights10). ______ was the first important English essayist. He was also the founder of modern sciencein England.A. Edmund SpenserB. Christopher MarloweC. Francis BaconD. Ben Jonson2. Explain the following literal terms.1). the Renaissance Period 2). blank verse 3). Humanism3. Answer the following questions.1). Make a comment on the influence of Italian literary works upon the literature in the Renaissance England.2). Make a comment on humanism3). What are the typical characteristics of literary works produced in Renaissance England?练习Edmund Spenser1. Fill in the following blanks:1). According to Edmund Spenser?s own explanation, his “The Faerie Queene” is a “______ poem” , but it is also an ______.2). In “The Faerie Queene”, the hero of heroes, who possesses all of the 12 ______, is ______, who is to play a role ineach of the 12 major adventures, which has its own individual hero.3). ______ and the Fairy Queen contribute to the unity of the work “The Faerie Queene”.4). In Book 1 of The Faerie Queene , the purpose of ______?s quest if to free original mankind----the parents of Una---- from the power of the Devil.5). It is Spenser?s idealism, his love of beauty, and his exquisite melody that make him known as “the______?s ______.”2. Explain the following literal termSpenserian Stanza3. Answer the following questions:1). Why is “The Faerie Queene ” regarded as an allegorical poem?2). What are the main qualities of Spenser?s poetry?Christopher Marlowe1. Fill in the following blanks.1). As the most gifted of the “University ______”, Christopher Marlowe composed ______ plays within his short lifetime.2). It was Christopher Marlowe who made ______ ______ the principal medium of English drama.3). The short poem “The Passionate Shepherd to His Love” by Christopher Marlowe, derives from the______ tradition in which the shepherd enjoys an ideal ______ life, cherishing a pastoral and pure affection for his love.4). IT is Marlowe who brought vitality and grandeur into the blank verse with his “______”, which carry stro ng emotions.5). Marlowe created some typical Renaissance hero in hisplayers. Tamburlaine and Faustus seek______ and ______ respectively.2. Answer the following questions.1). What are the achievements of Christopher Marlowe in literary creation?2). Which play is Christopher Marlowe?s masterpiece? What is the story of the play?William Shakespeare1. Fill in the following blanks.1). With his ______ plays, ______ sonnets and 2 long poems, William Shakespeare has established his giant position in world literature.2). William Shakespeare?s ______ tragedy “Romeo and Juliet” eulogize s the faithfulness of ______ and the spirit of pursuing happiness.3). William Shakespeare?s greatest tragedies are: “______”, “______”, “______” and Macbeth.4). “_____” , an elaborate and fantastic story, is known as the best of the final romances writte n by William Shakespeare.5). In “Sonnet 18”, Shakespeare has a profound meditation on the destructive power of ______ and the eternal ______ brought forth by poetry to the one he loves.6). “______” is generally regarded as Shakespeare?s most popular play on the stage, for it has the qualities of a “blood- and- thunder” thriller and a philosophical exploration of life and death.7). The merchant of Venice praise the ______ between Antonio and Bassanio, ______ between Portia and Bassanio, greed and brutality of ______, the Jew.8).The sentence “To be or not to be---- that is the question”is derived from Shakespeare?s ______. This is the soliloquy of ______.9). The Merchant of Venice has a double plot. The plots join in the ______ scene of Act 4.10). Shake speare?s ______ plays are mainly written under the principle that national unity under a mighty and just sovereign isa necessity.2. Answer the following questions:1). W hat are the themes of Shakespeare?s “The Merchant of Venice”?2). Make a commen t on Shakespeare?s artistic achievement.3). Why are Shakespeare?s works so successful?4). What are the similarities among Shakespeare?s four great tragedies?5). Make a comment on Shakespeare?s Sonnet 18.Francis Bacon1. Fill in the following blanks.1). Francis Bacon, a representative of the Renaissance in England, is a well-known ______, scientist and ______. He lays the foundation for modern ______ with his insistence on scientific way of thinking and fresh observation rather than authority as a basis for obtaining ______. His “______” is the first example of the genre in English literature, recognized as an important landmark in the development of ______ prose.2). Bacon?s works can be divided into ______ groups. The most important works of his ______ group include “The Advancement of Learning”, “Norvum Organum”. His philosophical works belong to the group. His literary works are in the ______ group, among which the most fa mous is “Essays”, “Maxims of Law” belongs to the ______ group.3). In his “The Advancement of Learning ”, Francis Bacon divided ______ into two kinds: the one obtained from Divine Revelation, and the other from the workings of human mind.John DonneMetaphysical poetryJohn Milton1. Fill in the following blanks.1). John Milton?s literary achievements can be divided into three groups, the early ______ works, the middle prose pamphlets and the last great ______.2). “Paradise Lost” is a long ______ divided into 12 books. The original story is taken from the “Genesis ” of the ______.3). In “Samson Agonisten”, a fitting close to the life work of the poet himself, Milton, again borrows his story from the “______”.4). The theme of Paradise Lost is “the Fall of______”.5). Milton?s epic poems were very much influenced by the ______ and the Greek classics, which are also the major sources of the whole English literature.2. Answer the following questions:1). In which way Agonisten is Milton himself?2). Make a brief comment on John Milton?s literary achievements.The Neo-classical Period1. Fill in the following blanks.1). The neoclassical period in English literature refers to the one between the return of the Stuarts to the English throne in 1660 and the full assertion of ______ which came with the publication o f “Lyrical Ballads” by Wordsworth and Coleridge in 1798.2). The Enlightenment Movement brought about a revival of interest in the old classical works in the field of literature. This tendency is known as ______.3). “The Pilgrim?s Progress” by John Bunyan?s style was modeled after that of the English ______.4). “The Pilgrim?s Progress” by John Bunyan is the most successful ______ allegory in the English language.5). “The Rape of the Lock” by Alexande r Pope is a ______ epic.6). “An Essay on Criticism”, a ______ poem, is a comprehensive study of the theories of literary criticism.7). “______” by Daniel Defoe, an adventure story very much in the spirit of the time, is universally considered his masterpiece.8). The novel “Robinson Crusoe” consists actually three parts though only the ______ part is a most well-known and widely read.9). The best fictional work of Jonathan Swift is ______.10). Henry Fielding has been regarded as “Father of the English ______,” for his contribution to the establishment of the form of the modern novel.11). “The History of ______” is Henry Fielding?s fictional masterpiece.12). Of all the eighteen-century novelists, Henry Fielding was the first to set out, both in theory and practice, to write specifically a “comic epic in ______”.13). As a lexicographer, Samuel Johnson distinguished himself as the author of the first English ______ by an Englishman.14). Richard Brinsley Sheridan was the only important English ______ of the eighteenth century.15). “The School for Scandal” wr itten by Sheridan is mainlya story about two ______.16). “The School for Scandal” has been regarded as the best ______ since Shakespeare.17). “Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard”, regarded as Thomas Gray?s best and most representative work, is written in the poetic form of ______.18). In the 18th century English literature, the representative of neoclassicism is ______.2. Answer the following questions:1). What does Vanity Fair mean? How does the scene of the Vanity Fair reflect the theme of the allegory “The Pilgrim?s Progress”?2). What is the theme and style of Alexander Pope?s “An Essay on Criticism”.3). What is the significance of Alexander Pope?s “An Essay on Criticism”4). What is the position of Henry Fielding in the history of English literature.5). What is the significance of Samuel Johnson?s letter “To the Right Honorable the Earl of Chesterfield ”?The Romantic Period1．Fill in the following blanks:1). English Romanticism, as a historical phase of literature, is generally said to have begun in 1798 with the publication of ______ and ______?s “Lyrical Ballads” and to have ended in 1832 with _____? death and the passage of the first Reform Bill in the Parliament.2). The preface to the second edition of the “______” acts asa manifest to for the Romantic poets and sets forth Wordsworth?s own critical creed.3). The two major novelists of the Romantic Period are ______ and ______.4). ______ is central to William Blake?s concern in t he “Songs of Innocence” and “Songs of Experience”.5). The three poets ______, ______ and ______ once lived in the English Lake District, and became known as the “Lake Poets”.6). Samuel Taylo r Coleridge?s poetic achievement can be divided into two diverse groups: the ______ and the ______.7). On the whole, ______?s poetry is one of experience. His heroes are more or less surrogates of himself. “Childe Harold?s Pilgrimage” is such an example.8). The whole poem of “______” by ______, has a logic of feeling, a not easily analyzable progression that leads to the triumphant, hopeful and convincing conclusion: “If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind”9). The Romantic Age began in 1798 when Wordsworth and Coleridge published their joint work“______”.10). ______ is regarded as the best essayist during the English Romantic Age.11). The first poem is the collection “The Lyrical Ballads” is ______?s masterpiece “The Rime of the Ancient Mariner”.12). In 1824, the Romantic poet ______ went to Greece to help the country in its struggle for liberty against Turks. Not long, he died of fever there.13). George Gordon Byron is chiefly remembered for his long poems. One is “Childe Harold?s Pilgrimage”, the other is “______”.14). George Gordon Byron wrote “______” in Italy. It contains sixteen cantos.15). “______”, a lyrical drama written by P.B. Shelley, has its story taken from Greek mythology.16). Jane Austen?s masterpiece is “______”.17). The histori cal novel “Ivanhoe” is written by ______.18). Compared with the Neoclassicists who emphasized features that men have in common, the Romantics emphasized the special qualities of each ______?s mind.19). In the Romantic Age, ______ is a great critic on Shakespeare, Elizabethan drama, and English poetry.20). “The Solitary Reaper” written by ______ uses a rural figure to suggest the timeless mystery of sorrowful humanity and its radiant beauty.21). “______” is perhaps the most anthologized poem in English l iterature, and one that takes us to the core of the poetic be liefs of William Wordsworth as a “worshipper of nature”.22). As a leading Romanticist, George Gordon Byron?s chief contribution is his creation of the “______ hero”, a proud, mysterious rebel fi gure, of noble origin.23). Best of all the well-known lyric pieces written by P.B. Shelley is the poet?s “______”, for here his rhapsodic and declamatory tendencies find a subject perfectly suited to him.24). As a ______ writer, Jane Austen considers it her duty to express in her works a discriminated and serious criticism of life, and to expose the follies and illusions of mankind.25). The novel “Pride and Prejudice” mainly deals with the five Bennet sisters and their search for suitable husbands, centering on the love story between ______ and ______.26). P. B. Shelley?s work of literary criticism is ______.His _______ was later to become a rallying song of the British Communist Party.3. Answer the following questions:1). Make a comment on Willi am Blake?s poetry.2). What is the significance of William Wordsworth?s poetry in the history of English literature.3). How many groups can S.T. Coleridge?s poems be divided into? What are these groups.4). What is the “Byronic hero”?5). Tell the story o f the novel “Pride and Prejudice”1). Chronologically the Victorian period roughly coincides with the reign of ______ who ruled over England from 1836 to 1901.2). Charles Dickens is one of the greatest ______ realist writers of the Victorian Age. In his works, Dickens sets out a full map and a large scale criticism of the 19th century England, particularly London.3). The novel “Oliver Twist” presents Oliver Twist as Charles Dickens? first ______ hero and Fagin the first grotesque figure.4). Charlotte Bro nte?s first novel “The Professor” was rejected by the publisher. But her second one,______ , won immediate success when it appeared in 1837, and today it remains the most popular novel of hers.5). Emily Bronte is, first of all, a poet. But she is better known today as the author of that most fascinating novel “______”.6). As a love story, “Wuthering Heights” is one of the most moving: the passion between ______ and Catherine proves the most intense, the most beautiful and at the same time the most horrible passion ever to be found possible in human beings.7). The t itle of the poem “Crossing the Bar” written by Alfred Tennyson means leaving this world and entering the ______ world.8). Written in the form of dramatic monologue, the poem “Ulysses” by Alfre d Tennyson not only expresses, through the mouth of the heroic ______, Tennyson?s own determination and courage to brave the struggle of life but also reflects the restlessness and aspiration of the Victorian age.9). “______” is Robert Browning?s best-kno wn dramatic monologue in which the duke?s speech addresses to the agent who comes to negotiate a marriage, revealing himself as a self-conceited, cruel and tyrannical man.10). The two poems “Meeting at Night” and “______” appeared originally under the single title “Night and Morning”.11). ______, the woman novelist of the Victorian period, is the pseudonym of Mary Ann Evans.12). As a woman writer of exceptional intelligence and life experience, George Eliot shows, in her novels,a particular concern for the destiny of ______, especially those with great intelligence, potential and social aspirations.13) the story of the novel “Middlemarch” mainly centers on ______ Brooke and Tertius Lydgate , both of whom are shown to have great potentials and ambitions.14). Thomas Hardy was quite influenced by Spencer?s “The Fir st Principle”, which led him to the belief that man?s fate is predeterminedly tragic, driven by a combined force of ______, both inside and outside.15). The success of the novel “______” is also due to its introduction to the English novel the first governess heroine.16). The novel “______” written by Charles Dickens is famous for its vivid descriptions of the workhouse and life of the underworld in the 19th century London.17). The Victorian period in English literature was largely anage of prose, especially of the ______.18). ______ was the greatest representatives of English critical realism.19). The novel “Oliver Twist” tells the story of a poor child named ______ who is born in a workhous e and brought up under miserable conditions.20). The Bronte sisters are Charlotte Bronte, ______ and Anne Bronte.21). “______” is Robert Browning?s masterpiece which tellsa horrible story of a man?s murder of his beautiful young wife.22). In the 19th century English literature, a new literary trend ______ appeared after the romantic poetry.23). The two greatest Victorian poets are ______ and Robert Browning who both began writing poetry in emulation of the major Romantic poets.24). In Victorian poetry, the Brownings refers to ______ Browning and his wife Elizabeth Barrett Browning.25). In the Victorian period, ______, that Wessex man, not only continued to expose and criticize all sorts of social iniquities, but finally came to question and attack the Victorian conventions and morals.26). In his long poem “In Memoriam”, ______ recorded his own experience of religious uncertainties before the falling faith in god.27). In the last few decades of the Victorian period, ______, the pioneering woman was the first novelist who, according to D. H. Lawrence, “started putting all the actions aside.”28). In his early novels, Charles Dickens attacks one or more specific social evils in each: for example, the dehumanizing workhouse system and the dark, criminal u nderworld life in“______.”29). Charles Dickens?s best-depicted characters are those innocent, virtuous, persecuted, helpless______ characters such as Oliver Twist, Little Nell, David Copperfield and Little Dorrit.30). The novel “Jane Eyre” mainly tells a story about the love affair of Jane Eyre and Mr. ______.31). The story of “Wuthering Heights” is told mainly by Nelly, ______?s old nurse, to Mr. Lockood, a temporary tenant of Grange. The latter gives an account of what he sees at Wuthering Heights.32). The short lyric “Break, Break, Break” is written in memory of ______?s old friend, Alfred Hallam, whose death has a lifelong influence on the poet.33). Reading ______?s “Crossing the Bar”, we can feel his fearlessness towards death, his faith in God and an afterlife.34). In Alfred Tennyson?s poem “Ulysses”, he depicts ______ who, old as he is, persuades his old followers to go with him and to set sail again to pursue a new world and new knowledge.35). The publication of “______”, Robert Browning …s masterpiece, in 1869, finally established the poet?s position as one of the greatest English poets.36). In the description of sun-rise in “Parting at Morning”, Robert Browning unconsciously expresses his helplessness in having to face up his duty as a ______.37). Thomas Hardy?s novels are all Victorian in date. Most of them are set in ______, the fictional primitive and crude rural region which is really the home place he both loves and hates.38). The title of the novel “Vanity Fair” was taken from John Bunyan?s masterpiece ______.39). George Eliot was the pseudonym of ______.40). In “My Last Duchess”, the ______, as he talks about the portrait of his last Duchess, reveals bit by bit his cruelty and possessiveness.2. Answer the following questions.1). What are the characteristics of Charles Dickens?s early and later novels?2). What are the best-depicted characters of Charles Dickens?3). Tell the story of “Jane Eyre” and make a comment on it.4). Tell the story of “Wuthering Heights”.5). What ar e the characteristics of Robert Browning?s poetry?6). Why is Thomas Hardy often regarded as a transitional writer?7). Tell the story of “Tess of the D?Urbervilles” and make a comment on it.8). Make a comment on George Eliot?s creative tendency and her v iew of women.The Modern Period1.Fill in the following blanks.1). The early poems of Ezra Pound and ______ and ______?s matured poetry marked the rise of “modern poetry”, which was, in some sense, a revolution against the conventional ideas and forms of the Victorian poetry.2). In Britain, in the mid-1950s and early 1960s, there appeared a group of young novelists and playwrights with lower middle-class or working-class background, who were known as “the ______.”3). Writers like Dorothy Richardson, James Joyce and Virginia Wolf concentrated all their efforts on digging into human consciousness, and they created unprecedented ______ novels such as “Pilgrimage”, “Ulysses” and” Mrs.Dalloway”.4). The most celebrated dramatists in the last decade of the 19th century England were Oscar Wild and ______, who, in a sense, pioneered the modern drama.5). With their joint efforts, the Irish playwrights like W. B. Yeats, Lady Gregory, and J. M. Synge brought about the Irish ______ Movement in the early 20th century, thus starting as Irish dramatic revival.6). John Osborne brought vitality to the English theater and became known as the ______ “Angry Young Man”.7). The most original playwright of the Theater of Absurd is ______, who wrote about human beings livinga meaningless life in an alien, decaying world.8). In “______”, his encyclopedia-like masterpiece, James Joyce presents a fantastic picture of the disjoined, illogical, illusory, and mental-emotional life of Leopold Bloom, who becomes the symbol of everyman in the post-world-war-I Europe.9). George Bernard Shaw?s plays have one passion, and one only, lie ______.10). Most of George Bernard Shaw?s plays are concerned with political, economic, moral, or religious problems, and this, can be termed as ______ play.11). “Mrs. Warren?s Profession”, written by G. B. Shaw in 1893 but published 5 years later, is a play about the economic ______ of women.12). “The Man of Property” is the first novel of the Forsyte trilogy written by ______.13). In his short lyric “The Lake Isle of Innisfree”, W. B. Yeats presents to us a picture of an ideal“_______” where he could live calmly as a hermit and enjoythe beauty of nature.14). “______”, T. S. Eliot?s most important single poem, has been hailed as a landma rk and a model of the 20th-century English poetry, comparable to William W ordsworth?s “Lyrical Ballads”.15). James Joyce chose Dublin as the scene of the stories in his “Dubliners”, for, as he took it, Dublin was “the centre of ______”.16). “Sons and Lovers ” is a novel written by ______.17). D, H. Lawrence?s autobiographical novel is “______”.18). D. H. Lawrence?s novel “______” is positively taken as a typical example of Oedipus Complex in fiction.19). The French _______, appearing in the late 19th century, heralded modernism.20). D. H. Lawrence is regarded as revolutionary as James Joyce in novel-writing; but unlike Joyce, he was not concerned with technical innovations, his interest lay in the tracing of the ______ development of his characters and in his energetic criticism of the dehumanizing effect of the capitalist industrialization on human nature.21). In his long dramatic career, G. B. Shaw wrote more than ______ plays, touching upon a variety of subjects.22). “Ulysses”, James Joyce?s masterpiece, gives an account of man?s life during one day (16 June, 1904) in Dublin. The whole novel is divided into 18 episodes in correspondence with the _____ hours of the day.2. Answer the following questions1). What are the characteristics of George Bern ard Shaw?s drama?2). What are the characteristics of D. H. Lawrence?s literary。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
Geoffrey Chaucer (1340?-1400)
The Father of English Poetry Father of English Realism Forerunner of English Humanism
Chaucer’s Writing Career
Three periods: the French period:the translation of Romaunt de la Rose, and introduction of various rimed stanzas from French into England; the Italian period: adapted from Italian Troilus and Criseyde; the English period: The
Literary achievement in Middle Ages
the best romances---Sir Gawain and the Green Knight and Morte d’Arthur William Langland is a more realistic writer who dealt with the religious and social issues of his day in Piers the Plowman. Chaucer presented to us a comprehensive realistic picture of the feudal English society in The Canterbury Tales.
Real Characters
Chaucer’s pilgrims are well-rounded characters with personalities and pasts. As one critic said, “Not a whisper, not a wart, is omitted.” The pilgrims involved consists of almost every social stratum of the then medieval society except the king and the lowest in London.
Norman Invasion the medieval period in English literature
William the Conqueror invaded Britain and won the Battle of Hastings in 1066 Began the long history of mixing with French people, language, and culture Simultaneous use of three different languages, greatly enlarging the English vocabulary Feudalism has its roots in this Age
Chaucer’s Contribution
He introduced and made popular the rimed stanza of various types, esp. heroic couplet replacing the traditional Anglo-Saxon alliterative verse. He is the first great poet who wrote in English language. His production of so much excellent poetry helped a lot to establish English as the literary language of the country. He did much in making London dialect the foundation for modern English speech.
An Introduction to Old and Medieval English Literature
(449AD---1066AD)
Anglo-Saxon Invasion
449 AD invasion by Angles, Saxons, and Jutes Roman troops left around 410AD, leaving Britain undefended Different Dialects of Anglo-Saxons gradually formed Old English Beowulf is a national epic of the English people, with the typical characteristic of using alliteration
Beowulf (national Epic)
the hero and the setting of the story took place in Scandinavia. The poem in an oral form, was sung by the bards at the end of the 6th century the exploits of Beowulf, in fighting against the monster Grendel, his revengeful mother, and a fire-breathing dragon. a vivid picture of how the primitive people wage heroic struggles against the hostile forces of the natural world under a wise and mighty leader.
Influences
It is the cultural influences of these two conquests that provided the source for the rise and growth of English literature. Beowulf, a typical example of Old English poetry, is regarded today as the national epic of the Anglo-Saxons. Politically, the feudalist system was established in England; religiously, the Rome-backed Catholic Church had a much stronger control over the country; and great changes also took place in languages.
Canterbury he Canterbury Tales is a collection of 24 poems.
It uses a frame tale, a story that provides a vehicle, or frame for telling other stories. The frame is about a pilgrimage, a trip made to a holy place for religious reasons or just for fun. In Chaucer’s work, 30 pilgrims tell their stories as they travel on April from an inn in a London suburb southeastward for 50 miles to the cathedral city of Canterbury to visit the shrine of Saint Thomas a Becket. Canterbury Cathedral is where Archbishop Thomas a Becket was killed by King Henry II’s knights in 1170, much to the shock of the religious world.
Romance
Romance which uses narrative verse or prose to sing knightly adventures or other heroic deeds is a popular literary form in the medieval period. the characteristic medieval motifs of the quest, the test, the meeting with the evil giant and the encounter with the beautiful beloved. improbable, supernatural while the structure is loose and episodic, the language is simple and straightforward.
Frame Story yet continued
When they first meet at the inn, their host suggests they tell stories to pass the time. Thus, the pilgrims’ stories are framed by the narrative of the journey.