八、动词的非谓语形式
非谓语动词的定义是什么意思
⾮谓语动词的定义是什么意思 ⾮谓语动词，⼜叫⾮限定动词，⾮谓语动词是指在句⼦中不是谓语的动词，主要包括不定式、动名词和分词(现在分词和过去分词)，即动词的⾮谓语形式。
下⾯是百分⽹店铺给⼤家整理的⾮谓语动词的定义简介，希望能帮到⼤家! ⾮谓语动词的定义 在句⼦中充当除谓语以外的各种句⼦成分的动词形式，叫做⾮谓语动词(the Non-Finite Verbs)。
⾮谓语动词也是动词的⼀种，他们有着动词的其他特点，可以充当主语、宾语、状语等。
⾮谓语动词与谓语动词是相对的概念。
⾮谓语动词与谓语动词 相同点 如果是及物动词都可与宾语连⽤，例如： They built a garden. They suggested building a garden. 都可以被状语修饰： The suit fits him very well. The suit used to fit him very well. 都有主动与被动，“体”式(⼀般式;进⾏式;完成式)的变化。
例如： He was punished by his parents.(谓语动词被动语态) He avoided being punished by his parents.(动名词的被动式) We have written the composition.(谓语动词的完成时) Having written the composition,we handed it in.(现在分词的完成式) 都可以有逻辑主语 They started the work at once.(谓语动词的逻辑主语) The boss ordered them to start the work.(动词不定式的逻辑主语) We are League members.(谓语动词的主语) We being League member,the work was well done. (现在分词的逻辑主语) 否定式⼀般⽤not,并且放在⾮谓语动词之前 不同点 ⾮谓语动词可以有名词作⽤(如动词不定式和动名词)，在句中做主语、宾语、表语。
2020广东省英语中考特别专题(八) 非谓语动词学案
2020广东英语中考总复习非谓语动词专题考点剖析2020年的中考，广东省教育厅将【不再】编写考试大纲，采用【义务教育英语课程标准2011版】也就是【国标】作为命题标准。
但在语法能力宇词汇能力要求方面：【国标】与【省标】一致，没有变化。
因此，2020中考，我们依旧可以参考广东省教育厅2019年颁布的《2019年广东省初中学业水平考试英语科目考试大纲》来进行语法复习。
据《2019年广东省初中学业水平考试英语科目考试大纲》我们可以得知中考对于非谓语动词语法能力考察集中于以下两点：（1）动词不定式（2）动名词、现在分词考点分析：中考对于非谓语动词的考察要求考生们：（1）掌握非谓语动词的定义；（2）掌握动词不定式的用法；（3）掌握一些特殊结构。
非谓语动词，又叫非限定动词，非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词，主要包括不定式（to do）、动名词（doing）和分词【现在分词和过去分词（done）】，即动词的非谓语形式。
非谓语动词除了不能独立作谓语外，可以承担句子的其他成分。
考点一：动词不定式：to+ do形式：肯定式：to+ 动词原形否定式：not to+动词原形作宾语 ①I want to swim in the pool.②They intend to postpone the trip. ③A good translator is hard to find. 作定语 ①Give him an ornament to polish.②I need a volunteer to take the miuntes. 作状语①The officer returned to help.（目的状语）②My parents will be happy to meet you.（原因状语）形式：①动名词与现在分词同型(v-ing ）动名词的作用例句作主语（谓语动词为单数）Reading helps you learn English.作宾语（有的动词直接加动名词作其宾语；有的加介词后动名词作其宾语）<1>He quit smokin a year ago.<2>I look forward to helping you panit the house.It+形容词+动名词It is no use telling him not to worry. （此类形容词还包括：better 、wonderful 、enjoyable 、interesting 、foolish 、difficult 、useless 、senseless 、worthwhile ） 作表语（对主语进一步说明，相当于一个名词）<1>My job is teaching. <2>Seeing is believing.作定语（表示用途或性质）<1>a swimming pool=a pool for swimming <2>a moving truck=a truck for moving.考点三：不定式与疑问词的连用不定式可以和疑问词who, when, what, how,等构成不定式短语，在句中作主语宾语和表语。
初中英语时态学习之非谓语动词的重点
初中英语时态学习之非谓语动词的重点非谓语动词的含义非谓语动词首先是一种动词形式，其次是这种动词形式不能做谓语，综合这两点，我们将其叫做非谓语动词。
非谓语动词的形式非谓语动词包含四种形式，即不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词。
其中，每种形式按照发生时间和主被动又包括不同的子形式。
具体如下：非谓语动词是英语语法中的一个重要概念，它包括动名词、现在分词、过去分词和不定式等。
在句子中，非谓语动词通常不是谓语动词，而是作为主语、宾语、定语或状语等成分出现。
非谓语动词的四种形式如下:不定式:to+动词原形(表示目的)+其他成分(如主语、宾语、定语等)。
例如:I want to go to the movies.(我想去看电影)动名词:动名词是由动词变化而来，可以表示一种动作或状态。
动名词可以作为主语、宾语、表语或定语等成分出现。
例如:I enjoy playing soccer.(我喜欢踢足球)现在分词:现在分词是由动词变化而来，可以表示正在进行的动作。
现在分词可以作为主语、宾语、表语或定语等成分出现。
例如:She is studying for her exam.(她在为考试学习)过去分词:过去分词是由动词变化而来，可以表示已经完成的动作。
过去分词可以作为主语、宾语、表语或定语等成分出现。
例如:He has finished his homework.(他已经做完了作业)需要注意的是，每种形式的子形式也不同。
例如，不定式的完成时态为to have done,动名词的完成时态为had done,现在分词的完成时态为had been doing,过去分词的完成时态为had been done。
因此，在使用时需要根据具体情况选择相应的形式。
非谓语动词的语法非谓语动词除去不能做谓语之外，其它所有成分都可以做。
具体如下。
1. 不定式：做主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补语。
不定式是英语中的一种非谓语动词形式，它通常由to+动词原形构成。
动词的非谓语形式有三种
动词的非谓语形式有三种：不定式、动名词和分词。
一、不定式由“to＋动词原形”构成，其否定形式是“not to do”。
不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语。
不定式没有人称和数的变化，有时态和语态的变化。
不定式可以作主语、宾语、状语、表语和定语。
不定式复合结构为“介词＋sb.(sth.)＋to do”，其中“介词＋sb.(sth.)”表明不定式动作的发出者，为逻辑主语。
1. 不定式的用法：(1)作主语。
不定式短语作主语时，为了使句子结构平衡，常将不定式短语放在谓语之后，而用it作形式主语。
It is our duty to give as much help as possible. 提供尽可能多的帮助是我们的职责。
但不定式作表语时，前面有不定式作主语，不定式不可位于句末。
如：To see is to believe. 眼见为实。
(2)作宾语。
常见的只跟不定式作宾语的动词(组)有want, wish, hope, expect, would like (love),care, choose, learn, plan, prepare, mean, agree, promise, offer, refuse, ask, beg, decide, make up one’s mind, be determined, manage, try, can’t afford, fail, pretend等。
He promised to come today, but he hasn’t turned up yet .No one likes to be laughed at. 没人喜欢被嘲笑。
有形容词、分词、名词作宾补，不定式作宾语时要将不定式放于句末，用it 来作形式宾语。
如：You may find it necessary to finish the work ahead of time. 你会发现有必要提前完成工作。
语法填空非谓语动词不定式
第二部分知识透析1．概述动词不定式是动词的一种非谓语形式，在句中不能单独作谓语。
动词不定式具有动词的性质，它可以有自己的宾语和状语，从而构成动词不定式短语。
它还可以有形式的变化，即一般式、进行式、完成式和完成进行时，主动式和被动式。
同时，动词不定式也具有非动词的性质，相当于一个名词、形容词或副词，可以在句中担任主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语和状语。
2.动词不定式的构成动词不定式是由不定式符号to+动词原形构成，在某些情况下to也可省略。
主动形式被动形式否定式一般式to do to be done not to do/ not to bedone进行式to be doing not to be doing完成式to have done to have been done not to have (been)done完成进行式to have beennot to have been doingdoing2.1不定式的一般式不定式的一般式表示的动作通常与主要谓语的动作同时或几乎同时发生，或是在它之后发生。
He appears to be very happy. 他看起来好像很高兴。
（同时发生）To catch the train, we'd better hurry to the station by taxi.为了赶上火车，我们最好赶紧乘出租车去车站。
（赶火车发生在到站之后）2.2不定式的进行式不定式的进行式表示正在进行的或与谓语动词同时发生的动作。
It happened to be raining when I got there. 我到达那里的时候，天碰巧在下雨。
I'm glad to be traveling with you. 我很高兴和你一起旅游。
有时表示即将发生的动作The old man seems to be dying.2.3不定式的完成式2.3.1不定式的完成式表示的动作在谓语表示的动作之前发生。
非谓语动词-不定式
被动句里，主语补足语要还原to
She is often seen to walk to school by herself. 人们经常看到她独自步行上学。
The workers are made to work extra hours everyday. 工人们被迫每天加班。 但是：
Let the girl try it again.
很抱歉让你久等了。
They seemed to be discussing something important.
他们似乎在讨论一些重要的事情。
作补语
形容词，介词短语，现在分词，过去分词都可以做宾语补足语。 在被动句里，原来的宾语成了主语，补足语就成了主语补足语。 My parents allowed us to play in the stream. 我父母允许我们在小溪里玩耍。 We were not allowed to play in the stream. 我们不能在小溪里玩耍。 We would like you to come to our party. 我们希望你来参加我们的聚会。 I didn't expect there to be so many people in the market. 我没想到市场里会有这么多人。
作定语
不定式在句中作定语，置于被修饰的名词或代词之后。如： The next thing to do is to find a hotel.接下来要做的就是找到一家旅馆。 1. 动宾关系： I have a meeting to attend. 2. 主谓关系： (be the first/second/last…to do)He is the first one to come. 3. 同位关系（说明所修饰名词的内容）we all have a chance to go to college. 注意：不定式为不及物动词时，所修饰的名词如果是地点、工具等，要有相应的介词 He found a good house to live in. Please give me a pen to write with. 但如果不定式修饰的是time, place, way等就可以省略介词 He has no place to live. Something, anything, nothing, everything等复合不定代词常用不定式作后置定语 Do you have anything to read？ 不定式短语作定语是一个难点，请注意不定式和被修饰词之间的关系： (1)表示将来的动作。 (2)与被修饰词之间有动宾关系，如是不及物动词，则需加介词。 (3)与被修饰词之间有动宾关系，同时与句中其它词之间又有逻辑上的主谓关系时，尽管有被动含义，却仍 用主动语态；如 只有动宾关系，而无逻辑上的主谓关系，则需用被动语态。
动词的非谓语形式有三种
动词的非谓语形式有三种————————————————————————————————作者：————————————————————————————————日期：ﻩ动词的非谓语形式有三种:不定式、动名词和分词(一）不定式不定式由“ ｔｏ十动词原形”构成，其否定形式是“ noｔtｏdo”．不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语，没有人称和数的变化，但有时态和语态的变化．不定式可作主语、宾语、状语、表语和定语,但不能单独作谓语．不定式的逻辑主语有时用“foｒ十名词或代词宾格”构成.1．不定式的用法:ｌ）作主语.不定式短语作主语时,往往放在谓语之后,用it作形式主语.例如:To see is to bｅｌiｅve.Ｉt is right tｏgive up smokinｇ.２)作宾语.不定式短语作宾语时,如果还带有宾语补足语。
往往把不定式宾语放在宾语补足语之后,而用it作形式宾语.例如:He ｗaｎted to gｏ．Ｉfind it intｅrestｉｎｇto sｔudy work ｗiｔh him.3)作宾语补足语．例如：Ｈｅasked me to do ｔhe woｒｋwiｔh him．注意：在feｅｌ,heaｒ,ｌｉsteｎtｏ，looｋat，notice, ｏｂserve，seｅ,watch,ｈａvｅ，let,make等词后的补足语中，不定式不带ｔｏ．但是这些句子如果变成被动结构时，就必须带to．例如I ofteｎｈear hiｍsｉnｇｔｈe ｓoｎｇ．He is often ｈeard to sinｇthｅsｏｎg．注意：不定式动词在介词but,exｃept，besides后面时,如果这些介词之前有行为动词do的各种形式，那么，这些介词后的不定式不带to，否则要带ｔo．如:She cｏuld do ｎｏtｈing but crｙ.What dｏyou ｌikｅtｏｄo bｅsidesｓwｉm?I havｅnｏcｈoｉcｅbｕｔto go.4)作定语.例如：Ｉhaｖe some bookｓfor yｏu to read．注①作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后面须有相应的介词．例如：He is loｏking for a rｏom to lｉvｅｉn．Theｒe is nothｉng ｔｏworry about.Pｌeaｓe givｅme ａkｎifｅto cuｔwith.但是,不定式所修饰的名词如果是tｉme,ｐlａｃe或waｙ,不定式后面的介词习惯上要省去．例如:He haｄno moneｙanｄno pｌacｅto live.注②当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的承受者时，不定式既可以用主动语态，也可用被动语态,但其含义有所不同.试比较:A) Ｈａve you ａnything tｏｓeｎd? 你有什么东西要寄吗？(不定式tｏsｅｎd的动作执行者是yoｕ)B)Have you anｙｔhiｎg to ｂe sent?你有什么要(我或别人)寄的东西吗?(不定式ｔｏｂｅsｅnｔ的动作执行者是已被省略的mｅ或someonｅｅｌse)5)作状语,表示目的、原因、结果或条件．例如：I cａme heｒe to see you.(目的）We were ｖery exciｔedｔｏｈeaｒthe news．(原因)He hｕrrieｄto the schooｌｔｏfｉnd nｏbｏdy thｅｒe．(结果)Tｏlｏok at ｈiｍ, ｙou wouｌd lｉke hｉm.(条件)目的状语还可以用ｉｎorｄer to或so as tｏ来表示．如：Ｉn order tｏpass the exam, he woｒkｅd vｅｒy harｄ．We rａｎall thｅway so as not ｔo be late.不定式也可在作表语用的形容词后面作状语．例如：Ｉamｖｅry glａd tｏheaｒit．Tｈe qｕｅstion is difｆｉcult tｏａnｓwｅｒ．“ｔoo十形容词或副词十不定式”作状语.例如:He isｔoo old tｏdo thａｔ.另外句子中有ｅnougｈ这个词时，常用不定式作状语．例如:Tｈe room is big enouｇｈｔoｈoｌd us.6）作表语．例如：Ｍy ｊob is to help the patｉeｎt.7)作独立成分．例如:To ｔeｌl tｈeｔｒｕth，I don’t agｒｅe with you.8)不定式与疑问词ｗhｏ,ｗhich,wｈeｎ，where,ｈow,wｈat等连用,在句中起名词作用,可充当主语、表语、宾语等.例如：Ｈe dｉdn’t know whａt tｏsay.（宾语)Ｈow to sｏlve ｔｈe ｐroｂlｅm is ｖｅryｉmｐortaｎt．（主语）My quｅstiｏn is when to start. （表语）注意:在与why连用时,只用于why或why noｔ开头的简短疑问句中,后面紧跟的动词不定式不带tｏ．例如:Ｗｈy nｏt hａve a rest?９）不定式在句中用主动式还是被动式。
(完整版)非谓语动词语法讲解
非谓语动词语法讲解一、非谓语动词的概念动词的基本用法是作谓语。
当句中已经有了谓语动词了，要选或要填的动词就只能用非谓语形式了。
非谓语形式有三种：1、动词不定式：to do 2、动词的ing : doing 3、动词的过去分词：done二、三种形式的含义（基本用法）不定式：表示目的和将来；动词的ing：表示主动和进行；过去分词：表示被动和完成。
三、非谓语动词的时态和语态一般式完成式进行式不定式主动to do to have done to be doing被动to be done to have beendoneing 形式主动doing having done 被动being done having beendone过去分词被动done四、非谓语动词的否定形式在非谓语动词前加not, never. 即 not / never to do, not / never doing五、非谓语动词的复合结构不定式的复合结构：for / of sb. to do sth.动词 ing 形式的复合结构：宾格或所有格+doing (-ing 形式作主语时，用的所有格＋doing)六、非谓语动词的做题步骤1、判定是否用非谓语形式。
方法：看看句子中是否已有了谓语动词了2、找非谓语动词的逻辑主语。
方法：非谓语动词的逻辑主语一般是句子的主语。
3、判断主被动关系。
方法：非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的主动还是被动关系。
4、判断时间关系。
方法：分析句子，看看非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前、之后还是同时。
之前常用 done; 之后常用to do; 同时常用doing.学习非谓语形式时，建议把三种形式一起来比较学习，会更加有效一些。
七、非谓语动词作主语和表语的比较1、不定式和动名词作主语和表语a. 不定式表示一次性的、具体的动词。
动词ing 常表示一般的、泛指的或习惯性的动作。
如：________ is a good form of exercise for both young and old.A. The walkB. WalkingC. To walkD. Walk(分析) a good form 暗示泛指一般的行为，用动名词作主语，选 Bb. 不定式作主语时，常用it 作形式主语，即用句型：It is + adj. / n. + (for / of sb. ) to do sth.It’s important for us to learn English well.It’s kind of you to help us.注意：下面几个句型是用动名词：It’s no good / use doing sth.It’s usel ess doing sth.There is no need to do sth.2、不定式、动名词、分词作表语的比较1、不定式、动名词作表语，.表示主语的内容。
英语动词的谓语形式和非谓语形式
英语动词的谓语形式和非谓语形式英语中所有词类中，动词的变化形式是最多的，有的形式可以作谓语而有的形式不能作谓语。
我们把能作谓语用的形式叫做谓语形式，用作其它成分的形式叫做非谓语形式、在谓语形式中，把能够独立作谓语的形式叫做独立的谓语形式，比如动词原形（包括单三形式）、动词的过去式，把需要与其它词一起组合起来构成谓语的叫做费独立的谓语形式，比如动词的现在分词、过去分词，比如现在分词和be 一起构成进行时太，过去分词与have,has,had构成完成时态，与be构成被动态。
动词的非谓语形式包括动名词、不定式、过去分词和现在分词，它们独立使用时可以在句子中作谓语外的其它语法成分使用。
其中，动名词和不定式可以当做名词作主语、宾语或表语用，不定式、现在分词及过去分词可以作形容词用作定语。
他们也都可以在某些情况下作状语用。
其中我们又可以将非谓语形式分为相对的非谓语形式和绝对的非谓语形式。
以动词sell为例：1、独立谓语形式：原形sell 独立地作一般现在时的谓语单三sells 独立地作一般现在时的谓语过去式sold 独立地做一般过去时的谓语2、非独立谓语形式：现在分词selling be+selling 构成进行时过去分词sold be+sold 构成被动态的谓语have(has，had)+sold 构成完成时的谓语特别要注意的是，现在分词和过去分词是非独立的谓语形式，所以在任何情况下，它们都不能单独的用作谓语。
3、绝对的非谓语形式：就是指不定式to sell和动名词selling,它们在任何情况下都不能用作谓语，只能做非谓语形式使用4、相对的非谓语形式：现在分词selling过去分词sold，它们既可以用作谓语，也可以用作非谓语。
注：现在分词、过去分词和不定式用作形容词时的差别：现在分词有主动和正在进行的意义过去分词有被动和已经结束了的意义不定式有将来和目的的意义。
非谓语动词的六大用法
非谓语动词的六大用法在句中起名词、形容词或副词的作用，充当句子主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语而不能起谓语作用的动词，是动词的非谓语形式，又叫作非谓语动词。
非谓语动词有动词不定式（to do）、动词-ing形式和过去分词（done）。
一、动词不定式和动词-ing形式作主语1.不定式作主语表示具体的某次动作，特别是将来动作；动词的-ing形式作主语表示经常性、习惯性动作或已经发生的动作。
To remember these words today is our main task. 今天记住这些单词是我们的主要任务。
Walking is a good form of exercise for both young and old . 散步对年轻人和老年人都是很好的运形式。
Suffering is the most powerful teacher of life.苦难是人生最伟大的老师。
Being laughed at in the public made him angry. 在公共场所被嘲笑使他很生气。
2.不定式和动词的-ing形式作主语的常用句型1) 不定式作主语的句型①It is +形容词(名词) to doIt is better to be safe than sorry. 事后追悔不如事前稳妥。
It is easy to open a shop but hard to keep it always open. 开设店铺易，维持常开难。
It is necessary to complete the design before National Day.在国庆节前完成设计是必要的。
It is very important to follow the rules.遵守规则是非常重要的。
It’s a waste of time to do that. 干那件事是浪费时间。
It is a great art to laugh at your own misfortune. 对己之不幸付之一笑，这是一门伟大的艺术。
动词非谓语形式(详细)
There is no joking about this matter. （这事开不得玩笑。）
也就是要记住四句话：
(1) 表示将来时；
(2) 表示现在时；
(3) 表示过去时（一定是被动的）
(4) 动词不定式的完成时表示过去时
非谓语动词的上述时态和语态概念是理解非谓语动词句法功能、应试判题和翻译的基础。
请你判断一下，下面句子中的非谓语动词是什么时态和语态：
2.宾语
如上所述，非谓语动词"to do"或"-ing"当主语时，没有特别的语法要求。但是，当宾语时，就有一个用"to do"还是"-ing"的问题。大家还记得这个规定吗？如果忘了，请复习"第二讲"中"五个基本句型"的"第三句型"。这是考试的一个重点。在以往的职称考试中，此项一般要占2-3道题目。
2） 原因状语："由于…"
3） 条件状语："如果…"
1） 与句子间一般有"，"隔开；
2） 如果没有"，"，可能是"动名词"当句子的主语，不要混淆 显然，"to do"做状语形式和意义比较单一，难点是如何区分-ing 和-ed 形式。
下面每个例子说明一条规则，注意理解和记忆（重点不要去区分作什么状语，也不要刻意去翻译句子的意思，重点注意形式的转换和规律）：
高考英语复习语法知识专题讲解8---非谓语动词(解析版)
高考英语复习语法知识专题讲解专题八非谓语动词2．寻找逻辑主语寻找逻辑主语，，确定逻辑主语与所给动词之间的关系非谓语动词虽然不能作谓语，但仍具有动词的特点，其逻辑上的动作执行者就是逻辑主语。
分析非谓语动词与其逻辑主语(逻辑上的动作执行者)之间是主动关系还是被动关系(也就是看其逻辑主语是动作的发出者还是承受者)。
如果逻辑主语与非谓语动词之间是主谓关系，则用现在分词形式。
如果非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间是动宾关系，则用过去分词形式。
但是当含有被动意义时，如果非谓语动词表示的动作尚未发生，则用动词不定式的被动式；如果非谓语动词表示的动作正在进行，则用现在分词形式的被动式。
[例2] The producer comes regularly to collect the cameras (return) to our shop for quality problems. [分析]returned句意：生产厂商定期来收集因质量问题而被退回到我们商店的相机。
句中已有谓语动词comes，因此设空处应为非谓语动词形式；且动词return与其逻辑主语the cameras之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用过去分词作后置定语，故填returned。
3．分析所给动词表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作发生的先后顺序非谓语动词所发生的时间是一个相对时间，即相对应谓语动词的动作发生的时间而言。
非谓语动词的形式不同，所指时间的含义也不同。
根据非谓语动词与谓语动词的动作发生的先后顺序确定用一般式还是完成式。
如to have done, having done表示该动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前；to be doing, doing表示该动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。
[例3] (work) for two days, Steve managed to finish his report on schedule.[分析]Having worked考生容易误认为在句首设题，应填to work表示目的。
动词的非谓语形式有三种
动词的非谓语形式有三种：不定式、动名词和分词(一)不定式不定式由“to十动词原形”构成，其否定形式是“not to do”．不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语，没有人称和数的变化，但有时态和语态的变化．不定式可作主语、宾语、状语、表语和定语，但不能单独作谓语．不定式的逻辑主语有时用“for十名词或代词宾格”构成．1．不定式的用法：l) 作主语．不定式短语作主语时，往往放在谓语之后，用it作形式主语．例；To see is to believe．It is right to give up smoking．2)作宾语．不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语。
往往把不定式宾语放在宾语补足语之后，而用it作形式宾语．例：I find it interesting to study work with him.3)作宾语补足语．例如：He asked me to do the work with him.注意：在feel，hear，listen to，look at，notice, observe，see，watch，have, let，make等词后的补足语中，不定式不带to．但是这些句子如果变成被动结构时，就必须带to．例I often hear him sing the song．He is often heard to sing the song．注意：不定式动词在介词but，except，besides后面时，如果这些介词之前有行为动词do的各种形式，这些介词后的不定式不带to，否则要带to．如：She could do nothing but cry.What do you like to do besides swim?I have no choice but to go．4)作定语．例如：I have some books for you to read．注①作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后面须有相应的介词．例如：He is looking for a room to live in．There is nothing to worry about．Please give me a knife to cut with．但是，不定式所修饰的名词如果是time，place或way，不定式后面的介词习惯上要省去．例如：He had no money and no place to live.注②当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的承受者时，不定式既可以用主动语态，也可用被动语态，但其含义有所不同．试比较：A) Have you anything to send? 你有什么东西要寄吗?B) Have you anything to be sent? 你有什么要(我或别人)寄的东西吗?(不定式to be sent的动作执行者是已被省略的me或someone else)5)作状语，表示目的、原因、结果或条件．例如：I came here to see you．(目的)We were very excited to hear the news．(原因)He hurried to the school to find nobody there．(结果)To look at him, you would like him．(条件)目的状语还可以用in order to或so as to来表示．如：In order to pass the exam, he worked very hard．We ran all the way so as not to be late．不定式也可在作表语用的形容词后面作状语．例如：I am very glad to hear it．The question is difficult to answer．“too十形容词或副词十不定式”作状语．例如：He is too old to do that．另外句子中有enough这个词时，常用不定式作状语．例如：The room is big enough to hold us．6)作表语．例：My job is to help the patient．7)作独立成分．例；To tell the truth，I don’t agree with you.8)不定式与疑问词who，which，when，where，how，what等连用，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、表语、宾语等．例如：He didn’t know what to say.(宾语)How to solve the problem is very important．(主语)My question is when to start. (表语)注意：在与why连用时，只用于why或why not开头的简短疑问句中，后面紧跟的动词不定式不带to. 例如:Why not have a rest?9)不定式在句中用主动式还是被动式。
非谓语动词的构成及其用法
不定式、动名词作宾语
• He chose not to go home this weekend. • The manager desires to see you. • My mother dislikes seeing you with me. • He could hardly resist laughing. • He is fond of playing tennis. • 动名词既可做动词宾语，也可做介词的宾语，而不定式只能做动词宾
4. Nobody is willing to go to a party without _____C______.
A. asking
B. to be asked
C. being asked
D. having asked
非谓语动词做宾语补足语
可以接不定式做宾语补足语的动词常用的有： ask, want, advise, allow, encourage, force,forbid,like, order, permit, persuade, request, require, tell, warn, urge, expect 这些词后均可接+sb. to do sth.的结构 Father will not allow us to play on the street. My teacher advised me to do more exercises.
➢ be/get used to, devote oneself to, ➢ look forward to, object to, prefer...to, ➢ refer to, pay attention to, stick to, lead to
这些词组里的to为介词，而非不定式符号。
八年级英语动词不定式用法梳理
八年级英语动词不定式用法梳理动词不定式是由“不定式符号to+动词原形”构成的一种非谓语动词结构。
有些动词不定式不带to，动词不定式可以作句子的主语、表语、宾语、定语、补语、状语或单独使用。
不定式保留动词的某些特性，可以有自己的宾语、状语等。
动词不定式和它后面的宾语、状语等一起构成短语，叫作不定式短语。
一、用作主语直接把动词不定式置于句首的情况不多，多数情况用it作形式主语，把真正的主语——动词不定式置于句末，特别是不定式短语较长时。
动词不定式作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
带疑问词的不定式短语作主语常置于句首，复合不定式结构作主语常置于句末。
如：1. I t is our duty to try our best to deal with these problems.2.The head teacher said it was necessary to talk with his mother.3.How to learn English well is important.4.To see is to believe.(眼见为实；百闻不如一见)二、用作表语动词不定式作表语，常说明主语的内容、性质、特征。
如：1.The best way is to join an English club.2.The first thing is to listen to the teacher carefully.三、用作宾语1.可以接带to的动词不定式作宾语的动词主要有：要求选择同意(ask, choose, agree)，期望决定学习(expect, hope, decide, learn)，宁可假装知道(prefer, pretend, know)，希望想要愿意(wish, want, would like / love)。
如：1)We decided to talk to some students about why they go there.2)He prefers to eat white bread and rice.3)Id love to visit Mexico.2.动词decide, know, learn, show, teach, tell...，介词结构on...可用疑问词带to的不定式短语作宾语，但why后面的不定式不带to。
英语语法讲座第8讲非谓语动词
非谓语动词
非谓语动词
非谓语动词就是在句中不能单独作谓语 的动词，有动词不定式、动词的ing形式 的动词，有动词不定式、动词的 形式 形式三种。 和ed形式三种。 形式三种
非谓语动词
一、动词不定式 动词不定式由 “to＋动词原形” 构 ＋动词原形” 有三种时态： 成，有三种时态： (1)一般式 do，不定式的动作发生在 一般式to ， 一般式 谓语动词之后或几乎同时发生； 谓语动词之后或几乎同时发生； (2)进行时 be doing，不定式与谓语动 进行时to 进行时 ， 词的动作同时发生； 词的动作同时发生；
非谓语动词
(7)The boy pretended that he didn’t see me when he passed by me.(改用不定式作宾 改用不定式作宾 语) The boy pretended______________when he passed by me. 答案】 【答案】 not to see me
非谓语动词
(3)完成时 have done，不定式的动作 完成时to 完成时 ， 在谓语动词之前发生。 在谓语动词之前发生。 被动形式to 被动形式 be done和to have been 和 done。 。 否定形式为not to do。 否定形式为 。 不定式在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、 不定式在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、 定语、状语和补语。 定语、状语和补语。
非谓语动词
2．作宾语 ． (1)作动词宾语。在某些动词后面，只 作动词宾语。 作动词宾语 在某些动词后面， 能接动名词作宾语。 能接动名词作宾语。如：enjoy，mind， ， ， suggest，miss，can’t help，be worth， ， ， ， ， imagine，escape，avoid，admit，allow， ， ， ， ， ， forbid，keep，finish，consider(考虑 ， 考虑)， ， ， ， 考虑 appreciate等。 等 (2)作介词宾语。如：By doing so，we 作介词宾语。 作介词宾语 ， can make it easier.
动词的非谓语形式
动词的非谓语形式动词的非谓语形式有三种，即动词不定式，分词（现在分词和过去分词），动名词。
概说我们根据已经学过的语法知识知道，英语中动词有以下几类：助动词，情态动词，连系动词，行为动词（实义动词）。
助动词本身没有词义，不能单独使用，只能起到语法意义上的作用。
情态动词意思不完整，也不能单独使用，必须要和行为动词一起才能构成完整的意思，在句中作谓语。
连系动词作谓语时，后面接形容词和名词等作表语。
行为动词或实义动词在句中常作谓语，根据其后面能否直接带宾语，行为动词又可分为及物动词和不及物动词。
及物动词后面跟名词，代词或相当于名词的词作宾语，不及物动词必须要和一定的介词一起使用才能带宾语。
由上我们可以看出，行为动词在句中常常用做谓语，受主语的人称和数的限制。
但是，动词及其变化形式在句中也可以不作谓语来使用。
据此，我们又可将动词分为限定动词( finite verb )和非限定动词( non-finite verb )两类。
限定动词在句中作谓语，受主语的人称和数的限制，非限定动词在句中不可单独作谓语，不受主语的人称和数的限制，它在句中可以用作其他句子成分。
非限定动词有三种表现形式，既动词不定式，分词和动名词。
我们通常把这三种形式称之为动词的非谓语形式。
动词的非谓语形式或非限定动词在语法意义上具有双重性质：既具有动词性质，又具有非动词性质。
其动词性质表现在（1）有时式和语态的变化（2）可被状语修饰（3）及物动词须有宾语。
其非动词性质表现在（1）相当于名词（2）相当于形容词。
动词的三种非谓语形式与自己的宾语或状语连用就构成非限定动词短语，分别叫做动词不定式短语，分词短语和动名词短语。
动词不定式和动词不定式短语动词不定式在句中可作主语，主语补足语，宾语，宾语补足语，表语，定语，状语等。
动词不定式也有时式和语态的变化。
1．动词不定式作主语（a）To see is to believe.（b）To master a foreign language is of great importance today.（c）To teach is to learn.（d）It is a great honor to talk with you.2．动词不定式作主语补足语(a) He was seen to enter the hall.(b) It is reported to be true.(c)He is said to be from New York.(d)The young man was considered to have great promise.3．动词不定式作宾语(a) He seemed to know the secret.(b) I want to talk with him very much.(c) He liked to live there, However, he found it difficult to get used to the climate.4．动词不定式作宾语补足语(a)He begged me to give him a hand.(b)I would like you to have an opportunity to appreciate Chinese art.(c) I’ll leave you to attend the matter..(d) The boss made these workers work over 12 hours a day.5. 动词不定式作表语(a ) The duties of a postman are to deliver letters and newspapers.(b) My chief purpose has been to point out the difficulties of the matter.(c ) The important thing is to save lives.(d) The only thing I could do was to leave.(e) His wish is to become a doctor.6.动词不定式作定语(a)The next train to arrive was from Beijing.(b)He was always the first to come and the last to leave the office.(c)The four abilities to learn a language are listening, speaking, reading and writing.(d) Our need to communicate with each other has been a driving force in the developmentof technology.7.动词不定式作状语(a)He cupped his ears to hear better.(b)I stayed there to see what would happen.(c ) I come here to see you.(d) To emphasise the woman even more, Chen Yifei adds a lot of detail to the fan and thecloth of her dress.(e)Between 1933and 1940, Xu Beihong held several exhibitions in Asia and Europe topromote Chinese art.上述动词不定式或动词不定式短语在句中作目的状语。
动词的非谓语形式
动词的非谓语形式：动词不做谓语时的固定形式。
(1)动词的非谓语形式包括动词不定式、动名词和分词三种形式；其中分词又包含现在分词和过去分词两种形式。
它们在句子中不能单独作谓语。
(2)动词不定式：①形式：动词不定式基本形式由“不定式记号to+动词原形”构成。
它的否定形式只要在“to”前面加上“not”。
它的疑问形式是：“wh-疑问词+to+动词原形”。
*它的被动形式：“to be +过去分词”。
*它的完成形式：“to have +过去分词”。
②动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征,即可以在句子中作主语、宾语、定语、状语、表语和宾语补足语。
但不定式也保留动词的某些特征,即不定式后面可以跟宾语、表语和状语。
动词不定式加上相关成分就构成不定式短语。
③动词不定式可以放在谓语前句子作主语。
但是通常将作主语的动词不定式或不定式短语放在谓语后面,而在主语位置用“it”作形式主语(有时在不定式的前面还会用for sb.表示不定式的逻辑主语)。
如：To help animals is helping people.(帮助动物就是帮助人)/ It is very difficult (for us) to learn Chinese well.((对于我们而言)学好汉语是非常的困难)/ It took me half an hour to work out this problem.(解出这道题花了我一个小时的时间)④动词不定式可以作谓语动词(及物动词)的宾语。
[A] 及物动词+不定式一般形式：如：I would like to have a rest at the moment.(我现在想休息一下)/ Theybegan to search the room for the thief.(他们开始在屋子里搜寻小偷)/ He liked to have a swim in the pool near his house.(他喜爱在靠家的水塘里面游泳)/ When did you learn to speak English?(你什么时候开始学英语的？)/ Don’t forget to close the door when you leave.(你离开时别忘了关门[比较] He forgot to turn off the light.(他忘了关灯.) (没关)/ He forgot turningoff the light.(他忘记关过灯.)(关了) /Please remember to ring me up.(记得给我打电话.)(还没打电话) / I remember calling you yesterday but you forgot.(我记得昨天给你打电话了,但是你忘记了.)(打过电话)如：He does not know which one to take.(他不知道该选哪个)/ Tell me how to get to the station.(告诉我怎么样去火车站)/ She asked me what to do for today’s homework.(她问我今天家庭作业做什么)/ Can you teach me how to search the internet?(你能教我怎样上网吗？)[C] 不定式作宾语而后面又有宾语补足语时,通常用it代替作形式宾语,而不定式则后置。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
八.动词的非谓语形式1.(P.127.3)Though _____to see us, the professor gave us a warm welcome.A. surprisingB. was surprisedC. surprisedD. being surprised2. (P.127.5)Now that we have discussed our problem, are people hapyy with the decision_____?A. takingB. takeC. takenD. to take3. (P.127.13)The storm left, ______a lot of damage to this area.A. causedB. to have causedC. to causeD. having caused4.(P.128.4)All of them try to use the power of the workstation_____ information in a more effective way.A. presentingB. presentedC. being presentedD. to present5.(P128.5)_____twice, the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we chained our dog.A. Being bittenB. BittenC. Having bittenD. To be bitten6.(P128.10)-----Excuse me, sir, where is Room 301?-----Just a minute. I’ll have Bob_____you to your room.A. showB. showsC. to showD. showing7. (P128.12)I can’t stand _____ with Jane in the same office. She just refuses_____ talking while she works.A. working;stoppingB. to work; stoppingC. working;to stopD. to work; to stop8.(P.129.13)It’s necessary to be prepared for a job interview. _____ the answers ready will be of great help.A. To have hadB. Having hadC. HaveD. Having9.(P129.7)The Town Hall ____ in the 1800’s was the most distinguished building at that time.A. to be completedB. having been completedC. completedD. being completed10.(P.130.10)Russ and Earl were auto mechanics_____ the same pay, but Earl had more ambition.A. to earnB. to have earnedC. earningD. earned11. (P.130.11)The mother felt herself _____cold and her hands trembled as she read the letter from the battlefieldA. growB. grownC. to growD. to have grown12. (P.130.13)The parents suggested _____ in the hotel room but their kids were anxious to camp out during the trip.A. sleepB. to sleepC. sleepingD. having slept13. (P.130.16)In the dream Peter saw himself _____ by a fierce wolf, and he woke suddenly with a start.A. chasedB. to be chasedC. be chasedD. having been chased14. (P.131.34)After his journey from abroad, Richard Jones returned home, _____.A. exhaustingB. exhaustedC. being exhaustedD. having exhausted15. (P.131.1)It rained heavily in the south, serious flooding in several provinces.A. causedB. having causedC. causingD. to cause16. (P.131.2)____the project in time, the staff were working at weekends.A. CompletingB. Having completedC. To have completedD. To complet17. (P.132.5)The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance, ______ inthe natural light during the day.A. to letB. lettingC. letD. having let18. (P.132.1)No matter how frequently _____, the works of the Beethoven still attract people all over the world.A. performedB. performingC. to be performedD. being performed19. (P.132.6)If you are planning to spend your money having fun this week, better _____ it---you’ve got some big bills coming.A. forgetB. forgotC. forgettingD. to forget20. (P.132.1)Lost of rescue workers were working around the clock, _____ supplies to Y ushu, Qinghai Province after the earthquake.A. sendingB. to sendC. having sentD. to have sent21. (P.133.3)In April, thousands of holidaymakers remained_____abroad due to the volcanic ash cloudA. stickingB. stuckC. to be stuckD. to have stuck22. (P.133.5)----Can those ____at the back of the classroom hear me?----No problem.A. seatB. sitC. seatedD. sat23. (P.133.8)____ for the breakdown of the school computer network, Alice was in low spirits.A. BlamingB. BlamedC. To blameD. To be blamed24. (P.134.6)It tooks a long time for the connection between body temperature and illness____.A. to makeB. to be madeC. makingD. being made25. (P.134.7)I think you’ll grow ____ him when you know him better.A. likingB. to be likeC. to likeD. to be liking26. (P.134.8)The manager, ____ it clear to us that he didn’t agree with us, left the meeting room.A. who has madeB. having madeC. madeD. making27. (P.134.4)When we visted my old family home, memory came____ back.A. floodingB. to floodC. floodD. flooded28. (P.134.6)He was busy writing a story, only ____ once in a while to smoke a cigarette.A. to stopB. stoppingC. to have stoppedD. having stopped29. (P.135.3)____ that he was in great danger, Eric walked deeper into the forest.A. Not realizedB. Not to realizeC. Not realizingD. Not to have realized30. (P.136.8) Five people won the ―China’s Green Figure‖ award, a title ____ to ordinary people for their contributions to environmental protection.A. being givenB. is givenC. givenD. was given31. (P.137.1)The retired man donated most of his savings to the school damaged by the earthquake in Y ushu, _____ the students to return to their classrooms.A. enablingB. having enabledC. to enableD.to have enabled32. (P.138.5)At the age of 29, Dave was a worker, ____ in a small apartment near Boston and ____ what to do about his future.A. living; wonderingB. lived; wonderingC. lived;wonderedD. living;wondered33. (P.138.6)Nowadays people sometimes separate their waste to make it easier for it____ .A. reusingB. reusedC. reusesD. to be reused34. (P.138.7)Please do me a favor ____ my friend Mr. Smith to Y outh Theater at 7:30 tonight.A. to inviteB. invitingC.inviteD. invited35.(P.139.1) ____ from the top of the tower, the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees.A. SeenB. SeeingC. Having seenD. To see36.(P.139.6)As a result of the serious flood, two-thirds of the building in the area____ .A. need repairingB. needs to repairC. needs repairungD. need to repair37. (P.139.7)_____ that she didn’t do a good job, I don’t think I am abler than herA. To have saidB. having saidC. To sayD. Saying38. (P.149.2)----Can I have the document right now?-----Of course. Wait a minute and I’ll have my secretary____ it for you.A. to printB. printingC. printedD. print39. (P.149.4) Another primary school is reported ____ for children in Wen Chuan now.A. to have been builtB. to have builtC. being builtD. to be building40. (P.150.13)During the test the candidates are supposed to remain in their seats, keep their eyes on their work, ______ to each other.A. and not speakB. but can nottalkC. instead of speakingD. rather than speak41. (P.150.17)The little boy still needs the ____ 20 dollars to do with some things ____ .A. remaining; remained to be settledB. remaining; remaining to be settledC. remained; remained to be settleD. remained; remaining to settle42. (P.150.18)____ lots of times, the song doesn’t sound as nice as before.A. HearingB. To hearC. Having heardD. Heard43. (P.150.19)Shella forgot all about the dog and the TV set, ____ in the new magazine that had come in the mail.A. deeply lostB. deeply losingC. was deeply lostD. and deeply lost44. (P.150.20) ____ Gong Li, how many of her movies do you really like?A. Talking ofB. To talk ofC. Talked ofD. Talk of45. (P.151.26) It was _____ so that made Jim very angry.A. making doB. made to doC. being made doD. being made to do46. (P.151.27) In common practice, an Englishman starts a conversation_____ with ―What a good day!‖ and _____ it with phrases like ―See you.‖ Or ―bye.‖A. beginning; endingB. begins; endingC. beginning; endsD. begins; ends47. (P.151.28) In the front of the classroom sat a teacher, _____ students seated around him discussing a hard problem with him.A. whoseB. whomC. whoD. where48. (P.151.31) Having got up late this morning, Mike ran as fast as he could ____ to catch the bus.A. hopeB. to hopeC. hopedD. hoping49. (P.152.40) The report indicated that 45% of students were in jobs not _____ specific qualifications.A. requiringB. being requiredC. to be requiredD. to have required50. (P.152.44) --- I’m going to Beijing next week. Do you have anything_____ there?--- No, but thank you all the same.A. to be takenB. to takeC. takingD. taken51. (P.152.49) I would like ____ you to my birthday party, but I was busy and forgot to call you.A. to inviteB. invitingC. to have invitedD. having invited52. (P.152.50) The Chinese are pround of the 29th Olympic Games ____ in Beijing in 2008.A. holdB.holdingC. heldD. to be held53. (P.152.51) There have been several new events ____ to the progaram for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games.A. addB. to addC. addingD. added54. (P.152.53) No matter how frequently ____ , the works of Shakespeare always attract a large udience.A. being performedB. performingC. to be performedD. performed55. (P.153.55) All things ____ into consideration, the planned trip will have to be called off.A. takenB. takingC. to takeD. being taken56. (P.153.56) ____ to use in April, 2005, the road has solved the long-standing problem of traffic jams of this area.A. PutB. PuttingC. Having putD. Being put57(P.153.58) Who did you see ____ in the middle of the front row making that much noise?A. seatedB. sitC. seatD. seating58. (P.153.63) When I got off the crowded bus, I found my pocket ____ and the disk in it with the important documents gone.A. pickedB. stolenC. missingD. lost59. (P.153.67) Her money ____, the lazy middle-aged woman began to steal others’money at crowded places, such as bus stops, stations, airports and ports.A. had run outB. running outC. having been run outD. having run out60. (P.154.68) ____ in the storybook that he had bought not long before, the boy didn’t notice his mother go into his room.A. LosingB. LostC. Having lostD. To be lost61. (P.154.70) It is rather difficult to make friends with him, but his friendship, ____ , is more true than any other’s.A. once gainedB. when to gainC. after gainingD. while gaining62. (P.154.80) ____sunny, we’ll go out for a picnic tomorrow.A. BeingB. It isC. To beD. It being63. (P.154.81)With all the items his son needed ____, she rushed him to the school.A. to buyB. buyingC. boughtD. to be bought64. (P.154.82) The University of Tokyo is the oldest university in Japan and has always been in the lead when it comes to _____ new challenges.A. being facedB. faceC. facingD. faced65. (P.155.86) After the Arab states won their independence, much attention was paid to developing education, with girls as well as boys ____ to go to school.A. been encouragedB. encouragedC. to be encouragedD. be encouraged66. (P.155.89) The three nations were wise enough not ____ the agreement until they could discuss it further.A. to signB. signingC. have signedD. to have signed67. (P.155.94) At the end of 2004, there were around 6,000 foreign pringting companies in China, _____ up around 4 percent of national total.A. madeB. to makeC. makingD. having made68. (P.156.95) ---- The English exam is not difficult, is it?----_____ . Even Tom ____ to the top students failed in it.A. Yes ; belongsB. No; belongedC. Y es ; belongingD. No; belonging69. (P.156.96) The jewellery shop is reported in the local newspaper ____ last night.A. robbedB. to having been robbedC. having been robbedD. being robbed70. (P.156.99) ---- Is there any possibility of the film _____ in Paris International Festival?---- Not in the least, because audience generally think little of it.A. trying outB. tried outC. to try outD. being tried out71. (P.156.102) -----O’neal works hard.-----So he does. He is often seen _____ heavily before his teammates have even arrived at practice.A. to be sweatedB. sweatedC. be sweatedD. sweating72. (P.156.103) ---- How did you get in touch with Mrs. Green?----- Well, it seems to me that you’ve forgotten _____ me her telephone number the other dayA. to tellB. to have toldC. tellingD. being told73. (P.156.106)---- All are telephone numbers ____ in the directory?---- Y es, all ____ Jane’s.A. listed; includedB. listing; includesC. listed; includingD. being listed; being included74. (P.157.107) With all work ____ , I don’t know if I’ll have time to go out.A. doneB. to be doneC. to doD. doing75. (P.157.108) He lay on his back, his teeth ____, his right hand ____ on his breast, and his glaring eyes ____ straight upward.A. setting; clenching; lookingB. set; clenched; lookingC. set; clenching; lookedD. set; clench; looked76. (P.157.115) Here are all the important papers for you to read, ____ to us from European countries.A. deliveringB. deliveredC. to deliverD. being delivered77. (P.157.116) ---- Who will come to help the victims?----- A group of girls ____ themselves volunteers from the Red Cross.A. callsB. callC. to callD. calling78. (P.157.118) Had Tom spent as much time studying as he did _____ the computer games, he would have passed the exam.A. playB. to playC. playingD. played79. (P.158.124) The students expected _____ to be less homework after school.A. thereB. itC. thatD. one80. (P.158.125) An individual human existence should be like a river – small at first, narrowly ___ within its banks, and ____ passionately past boulders and over waterfalls.A. containing; rushingB. contained; rushedC. contained; rushingD. containing; rushed81. (P.158.128) I wonder why you won’t do it as ____ and it’s the third time you have done so.A. told youB. be toldC. told toD. you told82. (P.159.137) The student, if well ____ , will pass the examination without much difficulty.A. preparingB. preparedC. to prepareD. ready83. (P.159.138) The headmaster suggested the student _____ to be given a prize.A. referB. referredC. referringD. would refer84. (P.159.140) Would you like to be a secretary? Our manager is considering ____ a new one.A. to hireB. hiringC. to take onD. to have employed85. (P.159.145) ____ at such a time, his work attracted much attention.A. Being publishedB. PublishedC. PublishingD. To be published86. (P.159.148)---- It is understandable for him to make such mistakes.---- Y ou are right, ____ that he is only a new hand.A. being consideredB. consideringC. to be consideredD. considered87. (P.160.160) Who would you rather ____ charge of this job, George or Jack?A. have to takeB. to have takeC. have takeD. have taken88. (P.161.176) All experts agree that the most important consideration with diet drugs is carefully _____ the risks and benefits.A. weighingB. checkingC. takingD. supposing89. (P.161.177) The cat is the only one of her pets she will have _____ on her bed.A. it sleepB. it sleepingC. sleptD. sleeping90. (P.161.178) ____ so delicious, the food in this market was sold out soon.A. TastingB. TastedC. Having been tastedD. Being tasted91. (P.161.180) When _____ with kindness, he was very noble and generous.A. being treatedB. treatedC. treatingD. having been treated92. (P.161.183) _____, she ran out of the room.A. Having tears in her eyes and turned suddenlyB. With a sudden turn, tearful eyesC. Turning suddenly, with tears in her eyesD. With tears in her eyes and suddenly turning1. C2. C3. D4. D5. B6. A7. C8. D9. C 10. C 11. A12. C 13. A14. B 15.C 16.D 17. B 18. A19. A 20. A21.B 22. C 23. B 24. B 25. C 26. B 27. A28. B 29. C 30. B 31. A 32. A 33. D 34. C 35. A36. A37. B 38. D 39. A40. A41. B 42. D 43.A 44. A 45. D 46. C 47. B 48. D 49. A50.A51. C 52. D 53. D 54.D 55. A56. A 57. A 58. A 59. D 60. B 61. A62. D 63. C 64. C 65. B66. D 67. C 68. C 69. B 70. D 71. D 72. C 73. C 74. B 75. B 76. B 77. D 78. C79. A80. C 81. C 82. B 83. A84. B 85. B 86. B 87. C 88. A 89. D 90. A 91. B92. C1.(P.128.6)This is worth considering what makes ―convenience‖ foods so popular, and_____ better ones of your own.A. introducesB. to introduceC. introducingD. introduced2. (P.135.4) It is one of the funniest things_____on the Internet so far this year.A. findingB. being foundC. to findD. found3.(P.135.6) _____ by a greater demand for vegetables, farmers have built more green houses.A. DrivenB. Being drivenC. To driveD. Having driven4. (P.135.7)When _____ different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many sinilarities.A. comparedB. being comparedC. comparingD. having compared5. (P.135.1)He had a wonderful childhood, _____ with his mother to all corners of the world.A. travelB. to travelC. traveledD. traveling6. (P.135.3)______ in the fields on a March afternoon, he could feel the warmth of spring.A. To walkB. WalkingC. WalkedD. Having walked7. (P.136.7)My cousin came to see me from the country, _____ me a full basket of fresh fruits.A. broughtB. bringingC. to bringD. had brought8. (P.136.4)Lucy’s new job paid twice as much as she had made _____ in the restaurant.A. workingB. workC. to workD. worked9.(P.136.7) Police are now searching for a woman who is reported to ____ since the flood hit the area last FridayA. have been missingB. have got lostC. be missingD. get lost10.(P.137.7) Leonardo da V inci(1452—1519)____ birds kept in cages in order to have the pleasure of setting them free.A. is said to be buyingB. is said to have boughtC. had said to buyD. has said to have bought11. (P.137.5) My parents have always mede me ____ about myself, even when I was twelve.A. feeling wellB. feeling goodC. feel wellD. feel good12. (P.138.1)Don’t sit there ____ nothing. Come and help me with this table.A. doB. to doC. doingD. and doing13. (P.149.7)---Be careful! Don’t forget you are on a ladder.---But you are holding it for me, nothing ____.A. worry aboutB. to worry aboutC. is worried aboutD. worring about14. (P.149.9) The students will usually have a very anxious time ____ for the results of the college entrance examinations.A. waitB. waitedC. to waitD. waiting15. (P.149.11)Besides the Internet, television is another major way of communication, ____ us to see the performer as well as to hear the voice.A. permittingB. to permitC. being permittedD. permitted16. (P.150.23)As the lignt turned green, I stood for a moment, not _____ , and asked myself what I was going to do.A. movedB. movingC. to moveD. being moved17. (P.151.24) ----We didn’t find the Blacks ____ the lecture.---- No one had told them about ____ a lecture the following day.A. to attend; there to beB. attending; there beingC. attended; there beD. attend; there was18. (P.151.25)The psychological consultation centers have seen a sharp rise in the number of students looking for help, most _____ they were confused and depressed.A. saidB. to sayC. sayingD. say19. (P.151.36) The education program ____ combining brain work with manual labor is being widely spread throughout the country.A. to aim atB. aims atC. having aimed atD. aimed at20. (P.153.57) Nobody but doctors or nurses and those ____ by Dr. Hu ____ to enter the patient’s room.A. invited; is allowedB. are invited; are allwoedC. being invited; allowedD. invited; are allowed21. (P.157.111) Many children have formed the habit of reading but _____ notes meanwhile.A. not takeB. not to takeC. not takingD. not to taking22. (P.159.141) The noise of desks _____ could be heard in the street.A. opened and closedB. to be opened and closedC. being opened and closedD. having been opened and closed23. (P.159.143) _____ for the terrible accident, as the public thought, the mayor felt nervous and was at a loss what to do.A. Having blamedB. To blameC. Being to be blamedD. Being to blame24. (P.159.147) If I try to correct someone, I have to do it with so much good humor and bright smile as if I were the one _____ .A. to have been correctedB. correctingC. having been correctedD. being corrected25. (P.160.153) Her father ____ in the U.S.A. for another year so that she could work toward her master’s degree.A. agreed her to stayB. permitted her stayC. let her stayingD. approved of her staying26. (P.160.159) I really appreciate ____ a great effort to come to help us with the problem.A. your makingB. you to makeC. you to makeD. your being made27. (P.160.161) All the teachers discussed the plan that they would like to see ____ in the nextschool year.A. carry outB. carried outC. to carry outD. be carrying out28. (P.161.168) The boy was caught _____ in an examination and had to face the music.A. readingB. singingC. cheatingD. performing29. (P.161.171) While cleaning the snow on the road, _____ .A. a wallet was found on the groundB. a wallet appeared on the groundC. I found a wallet lying on the groundD. I found a wallet laid on the ground30. (P.161.173) At nearly two kilos, runners _____ the torch in relay across Italy to the opening ceremony say it is difficult to hold for long.A. carryB. carryingC. carriedD. are carrying31. (P.162.181) At the _____ news, all the women present burst out ______.A. disappointed; cryingB. unexpected; cryingC. unexpecting; to tearsD. disappointing; tears1. C2. D3. A4. C5. D6. B7. B8. A9. A10. B 11. D 12. C 13. B14. D 15. A16. B 17. B 18. C 19. D 20. A 21. C 22. C 23. D 24. D 25. D 26. A27. B 28. C 29. C 30. B 31. D。