定语从句与非谓语动词
高考语法复习之非谓语动词做定语及与定语从句的转换
非谓语动词作定语一：如何轻松精准的做此类题呢只需把握住两点：一先看非谓语动词与其逻辑主语（即定语的先行词）之间的关系，主动与被动二看非谓语动词与谓动的时间关系1与谓动同时发生2在谓动之前3在将来发生二：做题步骤：先搞清非谓语动词与先行词之间的逻辑关系1如果是主动关系，再看时间，与谓动同时发生用doing 将来发生用to do2如果是被动再看时间，与谓语动词同时发生用being done 在谓动之前用done表将来用to be done一．用不定式做定语的几种情况：（1）不定式表将来。
如：The car to be bought is for his sister.（2）用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no, all, any 等限定的中心词。
如：He is the best man to do the job.She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games.（3）用来修饰的词是抽象名词时用不定式，常见的有：ability, chance, idea, fact, excuse, promise, answer, reply, attempt, belief, way, reason, moment, time 等Do you have the ability to read and write in English?I have no chance to go sightseeing.二．分词作定语doing 主动进行being done 被动进行done 被动完成The houses being built are for the teachers.Things lost never come again.I have never seen a more moving movie.三、to be done , done, being done 做定语的区别三者的语态同为被动语态，区别主要集中在时态上Have you read the novel witten by Dickens?Listen! The song being sung is very popular with the students.The question to be discussed at tomorrow's meeting is a very important one.（一）、-ing形式作定语-ing 形式在句中做定语时有两种情况。
三分钟语法课(22)定语从句简化——非谓语动词
三分钟语法课：关系从句的简化今天起我们开始学习“非谓语动词”。
【回顾】通过前面的学习，我们已经知道，根据主谓结构的多少，把句子分为简单句和复杂句。
其中就包括“并列句”和“复合句”。
其中，复合句由一个主句和一个从句构成。
根据从句和主句的关系和作用，从句又分为：形容词从句——修饰和限定主句中的一个名词，作定语；The guy who was sitting next to me in the bus was from Ghana.The cupcake that was brought to the party by Sally was delicious.副词从句——修饰和限定主句、或主句中的动词，作状语；例如：He studied hard so that he could get a scholarship.When dine out together, we tell each other the most absurd stories.名词从句——代替主句中某个名词成分，作主语、宾语、表语或同位语。
例如：John remembers that he saw the lady before.It is common courtesy that one should wear black while one attendsa funeral.注意语言中有个economical原则——•能够用一句话说清的，不用两句话，这就有了复杂句；•能够用词组说清的，尽量不用复杂句，这就有了“非谓语动词”。
【概念】我们今天先从形容词从句开始。
看看从句简化的原则。
【原则1】简化从句的基本方法，是省略主语和BE动词。
例如：The cupcake that was brought to the party by Sally wasdelicious.就可以简化为：The cupcake brought to the party by Sally wasdelicious.这个brought，即“过去分词”、或“-ed分词”。
非谓语作定语和定语从句的区别
非谓语作定语和定语从句的区别
非谓语动词作定语和定语从句在语法结构和表达方式上有一些区别，具体如下：
1. 语法结构：
- 非谓语动词作定语：非谓语动词包括动词的现在分词(-ing)、过去分词(-ed)和不定式(to do)，它们可以在句中作定语，修饰名词或代词。
非谓语动词作定语时，通常放在被修饰词的前面。
- 定语从句：定语从句是一个句子，由关系代词(who, whom, whose, that, which)引导，用来修饰先行词(即被修饰的名词或代词)。
2. 表达方式：
- 非谓语动词作定语：非谓语动词作定语可以提供更简洁、紧凑的表达方式。
它可以通过一个动词形式来描述被修饰词的特征、状态或行为。
- 定语从句：定语从句可以提供更详细、具体的信息，通过一个完整的句子来描述被修饰词的性质、特点或关系。
3. 语义和功能：
- 非谓语动词作定语：非谓语动词作定语主要强调动作或状态，它们可以表示正在进行的动作(-ing 形式)、已完成的动作(-ed 形式)或将要进行的动作(to do 形式)。
- 定语从句：定语从句可以提供更丰富的语义信息，包括对被修饰词的进一步解释、限定或描述。
总的来说，非谓语动词作定语和定语从句在语法结构和表达方式上有所不同。
非谓语动词作定语更简洁，强调动作或状态；而定语从句更详细，提供更多的语义信息。
在使用时，需要根据具体语境和表达需要选择合适的结构。
定语从句与非谓语动词的转换
1定语从句转换成不定式“to do”。
定语从句的谓语动词是将来时或含有情态动词或含有序数词the next， the last等时，该定语从句转换为不定式“to do”.（1）The plane which will arrive is from Hubei.→The plane to arrive is from Hubei。
（2）The students will go to a party that will be held in our class at 7：45.→The students will go to a party to be held in our class at 7：45.（3）He was the first boy who came to school.→He was the first boy to come to school..2定语从句可转换成为“介词+关系代词或副词+不定式”。
“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句和“介词+关系代词或副词+不定式”充当的定语，可以相互转换。
被这种定语修饰的名词往往在逻辑上充当不定式动作的地点、时间或工具。
例：（1）She wanted a room in which she could do her homework.→She wanted a room in which to do her homework.（2）She had only a pen with which she can write.→She had only a pen to write with.或She had only a pen with which to write.注：定语从句转换成“介词+ 关系代词+不定式”时，此时的不定式一定是及物动词，如是不及物动词，则需在动词后面加上相应的介词。
这个介词可提前到关系代词前面，也可留在句尾。
前者是正式说法后者是非正式说法。
（完整）高考语法复习之非谓语动词做定语及与定语从句的转换
（完整）⾼考语法复习之⾮谓语动词做定语及与定语从句的转换⾮谓语动词作定语⼀：如何轻松精准的做此类题呢只需把握住两点：⼀先看⾮谓语动词与其逻辑主语（即定语的先⾏词）之间的关系，主动与被动⼆看⾮谓语动词与谓动的时间关系1与谓动同时发⽣2在谓动之前3在将来发⽣⼆：做题步骤：先搞清⾮谓语动词与先⾏词之间的逻辑关系1如果是主动关系，再看时间，与谓动同时发⽣⽤doing 将来发⽣⽤to do2如果是被动再看时间，与谓语动词同时发⽣⽤being done 在谓动之前⽤done表将来⽤to be done⼀．⽤不定式做定语的⼏种情况：（1）不定式表将来。
如：The car to be bought is for his sister.（2）⽤来修饰被序数词、最⾼级或no, all, any 等限定的中⼼词。
如：He is the best man to do the job.She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games.（3）⽤来修饰的词是抽象名词时⽤不定式，常见的有：ability, chance, idea, fact, excuse, promise, answer, reply, attempt, belief, way, reason, moment, time 等Do you have the ability to read and write in English?I have no chance to go sightseeing.⼆．分词作定语doing 主动进⾏being done 被动进⾏done 被动完成The houses being built are for the teachers.Things lost never come again.I have never seen a more moving movie.三、to be done , done, being done 做定语的区别三者的语态同为被动语态，区别主要集中在时态上Have you read the novel witten by Dickens?Listen! The song being sung is very popular with the students.The question to be discussed at tomorrow's meeting is a very important one.（⼀）、-ing形式作定语-ing 形式在句中做定语时有两种情况。
初中英语知识点归纳定语从句中的非谓语动词
初中英语知识点归纳定语从句中的非谓语动词定语从句是英语中常见的句子结构，它可以用来修饰前面的名词或代词，并进一步描述这个名词或代词。
在定语从句中，非谓语动词也扮演着重要的角色，起到补充说明的作用。
在本文中，我们将归纳总结初中英语中定语从句中的非谓语动词的用法。
一、带有非谓语动词的定语从句在定语从句中，非谓语动词主要有不定式、动名词和过去分词这三种形式。
它们可以替代定语从句中的谓语动词，起到修饰名词或代词的作用。
下面分别介绍三种非谓语动词的具体用法。
1. 不定式不定式作为非谓语动词在定语从句中的用法多种多样，主要包括以下几种情况：1）作定语例如：- I have a lot of books to read.（我有很多要看的书。
）- He has many friends to help him.（他有许多朋友来帮助他。
）2）作后置定语例如：- They have a lot of things to do.（他们有很多事情要做。
）- She has a lot of songs to sing.（她有很多歌要唱。
）3）作状语例如：- He studies hard to learn English well.（他努力学习英语。
）- She runs every morning to keep fit.（她每天早上跑步保持健康。
）2. 动名词在定语从句中，动名词作为非谓语动词有以下几种常见的用法： 1）作定语例如：- I have a plan of going abroad.（我有一个出国的计划。
）- He told me a story about helping others.（他给我讲了一个关于帮助他人的故事。
）2）作后置定语例如：- There is no way of solving the problem.（没有解决这个问题的办法。
）- The key to passing the exam is hard work.（通过考试的关键是努力学习。
三大从句和非谓语动词学习
• 宾语: He promised to stop taking drugs.
• 宾补: His great wish is to see his team win the World Cup.
• 表目的 She stood up to be seen better. • 表原因 I am glade to know you have a good job. • 表结果 He got to the station only to find that his father was dead.
主语从句
分句在句中做主语 1. What caused the fire is still a mystery. 2. Who was responsible for the accident is not yet clear.
• How the book will sell depends on its author. • Why he left abruptly is not known to any of us.
（二）带主语：其主语≠主句主语，也就是通常所 说的“独立主格”结构。独立主格中having been, being的可省略。 1. My work (being) done, I went to bed. 2. The purse not yet (having been) found, we went to the police. -ed独立主格也可由with引出： They sat in the room with his curtains drawn.
宾语从句
分句在句中做宾语 1. We never doubt that he is honest. 2. Can you tell me who is responsible for the fire?
非谓语和定语从句
1. 非谓语动词：谓语（notional verb 实义动词）+非谓语（non-predicate：v-ing；verb-to do; verb-to do:1、非谓语动词和动词的共同点、区别、句子中的作用、独立主格从动词当中衍生出来：具有很多动词的特征，但不能做谓语：可以做除谓语之外的其他任何成分：主语，宾语，表语（predicative)，定语（attributive），状语（adverbial modifier）补语（complement）2.作定语和做状语的区别：为什么会出现非谓语动词呢：中文一个句子可以有n个动词，但是英文一个句子只能有一个谓语，就需要把其他动词用非谓语呈现出来动词：时态、语态、非谓语，虚拟语气做状语：Having taken my temperature, my mother found I was ill.Being ill, I can’t go to school tomorrow.Not having finished his lessons, he won’t go out to playI went up to him, telling him to keep silent.Interrupted by the man, he became angry.To prevent the wild animals from extinction, we took some measures.独立主格结构：We being League members, the work was well done.(逻辑主语不一致)There being no bus, we had to walk home.Many trees, flowers, and grass to be planted, our newly-bulit school will look even more beautiful.都有被修饰的名词：The man standing by the window is my brother.The letter written by my classmate is very interesting.Without mothering, children’s capacity to survive is seriously affected.The man speaking to us has gone to Japan.There are a lot of students waiting to welcome the foreign teachers.To do作主语：To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard.To loose your confidence means failure.避免头重脚轻，it 作形式主语：it is hard to finish the task within ten minutes.做表语：her job is to clean the hall.// he appears to have caught a cold.做宾语：I decided to lose wight. Make up his mind to improve.做定语：meeting to attend; house to live in; nothing to worry about; place to live做状语：根据功能的不同；worked day and night to get money; sold her hair to buy some bread; (目的状语)；前后主语要一致；to save money, he tries every means；（结果状语）三大从句：定语从句==形容词的功能（修饰名词、代词）状语从句===副词的功能（时间、地点、目的、方式、原因、结果、让步9大从句，表示状语不仅是用状语从句）名词性从句===名词的功能（主语、宾语、表语、同位语从句）定语从句：1. 什么叫做定从，修饰名词或代词的从句。
定语从句和非谓语动词作定语
• A. received B. receiving C. receive
• 7. Have you met the lady _____ at the meeting?
• A. spoke B. speak
C. speaking
• 8. Tom is the boy ______ in the accident.
• The boys who are playing tennis are my friends.
• The boys playing tennis are my friends.
• I know the boy who is running in the park.
• I know the boy running in the park.
boiled water
• 开过的水
a developing country • 发展中国家
a developed country • 发达国家
lost child
失踪的孩子
分词做前置定语
• We can see the rising sun.正在升起的太阳 • Look at the sleeping baby. So cute. • Watch out that a moving lorry 移动的卡车 • Don’t eat too many like fried chicken
Choose the best answer
• 1. Yao Ming is a famous basketball star ____ in the NBA.
• A. who playing B. played
C. playing
• 2. The boy ______ the prize is called Ray.
非谓语动词语与从句的关系课件
条件状语从句转换为非谓语动词
条件状语从句
注意事项
表示动作发生的条件，如"if"、 "unless"、"provided that"等。
非谓语动词表示的动作应是主句动作 的条件或假设。
转换方法
将条件状语从句转换为非谓语动词， 如"If possible, we will go to the park tomorrow."（如果可能的话， 我们明天会去公园。）
02
非谓语动词在句子中可以作为主 语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和 补足语。
分类：不定式、动名词、分词
01
不定式
表示未发生的动作或行为，常用于表示目的、结果或条件。不定式可以
作为主语、宾语、表语和定语。
02
动名词
表示正在进行的动作或行为，常用于表示进行时态。动名词可以作为主
语、宾语和表语。
03
分词
表示完成的动作或行为，分为现在分词和过去分词。现在分词表示正在
THANKS
感谢观看
时间状语从句
表示动作发生的时间，如"when" 、"before"、"after"、"while"等
。
转换方法
将时间状语从句转换为非谓语动词 ，如"Having finished his homework, he went to bed."（ 完成作业后，他上床睡觉了。）
注意事项
非谓语动词表示的动作应在主句动 作之前发生。
进行的动作或行为，过去分词表示已经完成的动作或行为。分词可以作
为定语、状语和补足语。
02
非，但通常放在句末，以强调其动作 或状态。
非谓语动词,定语从句
Review
非谓语动词 独立主格结构
定语从句
一、非谓语动词
（一）概述：
在英语中，不作句子谓语，而具有除谓语外其 他语法功能的动词，叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词 有动词不定式（the Infinitive）；动词的-ing形式 (the –ing Form)；过去分词（the Past Participle）。 1）非谓语动词可以有名词作用（如动词不定式和动 名词），在句中做主语、宾语、表语。 2）非谓语动词可以有形容词作用（如动词不定式和 分词），在句中做定语、表语或宾语补足语。 3）非谓语动词可以有副词作用（如动词不定式和分 词），在句中作状语。
The manager looks relaxed, many things settled. 许多事情已经处理好了， 经理看上去很轻松。 （事情已经处理好了，用动词-ed形式settled表示动作 已经结束）
【综合比较三种非谓语动词独立主格结构】
The food being cooked, the boy was watching TV. 正在做饭时，小孩正看电视。 （两个动作同时进行）
4. ____ a reply, he decided to write again. A. Not receiving B. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not received
5.I’m thirsty. Would you please give me something________. A.drunk B.to drink C.to be drunk D.for drinking
定语从句和非谓语动词
定语从句和非谓语动词定语从句和非谓语动词一直是SAT/ACT语法，甚至是理解阅读文章中长难句的重点，也是困扰很多考生的难点之一。
下面是店铺收集整理的定语从句和非谓语动词的相关内容，希望对您有所帮助!定语从句和非谓语动词解析：熟悉非谓语动词的同学们应该都知道，非谓语动词包括to do, doing和done，这三类动词的特别之处就在于它们可以在句子里面充当除谓语以外的任何成分，其中一个非常重要的用法就是位于名词后作为名词的后置定语，比如：The semiarid lands bordering the deserts exist in a delicate ecological balance and are limited in their potential to adjust to increased environmental pressures.以上例句里的非谓语动词的短语“bordering the deserts”就是用作定语来修饰前面的名词短语“the semiarid lands”。
很多同学很熟悉定语从句，而对非谓语动词的'用法总是有种望而却步的感觉。
但是细心的同学肯定会发现，其实在语法家族里，当将非谓语动词用作后置定语的时候，它与定语从句的用法是一样的，两者是名副其实地长相不同，但却有血缘关系的“远房表亲”。
比如，上面的例子我们就可以改写成定语从句：The semiarid lands which border the deserts exist in a delicate ecological balance and are limited in their potential to adjust to increased environmental pressures.再如以下带有非谓语动词短语的句子：Theorist adopting the psychodynamic approach hold that inner conflicts are crucial for understand human behavior, including aggression.我们可以改成定语从句：Theorist who adopt the psychodynamic approach hold thatinner conflicts are crucial for understand human behavior, including aggression.又如，以下的两个句子的意思是相同的：1.What audience came to see was the magic made possible by trick photography and manipulation of the cinema.2.What audience came to see was the magic that was made possible by trick photography and manipulation of the cinema.在很多情况下，学生更容易理解定语从句。
从句与非谓语
• 3.After he had finished breakfast , he left the house and went to his office.
• After having finished breakfast , he left the house and went to his office.
• 定语从句要简化为分词短语形式时， 必须得 看定语从句的谓语时间和主句的谓语时间之间 的关系。 • 1.The men who were working on the site were in some danger . • 2.The men working on the site were in some danger . • 1.The men who are working on the site were in some danger . • 2.The men working on the site were in some danger .
• 4.The woman who lives next door is very friendly . • The woman living next door is very friendly .
• The woman next door is very friendly .
• That Duke won the game surprised us. • It surprised us that Duke won the game.
• Duke`s winning the game surprised us.
名词从句与不定式
• 由whether 或 what等引导名词从句一般简化 为不定式，其实主要是宾语从句简化为不定式。 此时的宾语从句中往往含有情态动词。 • 1. She can`t decide whether she should go with him or stay home. • 2. She can`t decide to go with him or to stay home.
定语从句与非谓语动词
定语从句与⾮谓语动词⼆．定语从句：定语从句三步：第⼀找出先⾏词（被修饰的那个名词或代词）；第⼆看从句缺少什么成份（如主语、宾语或状语）；第三选择合适的引导词。
注意：引导词在介词后，指⼈只能⽤whom 指物只能⽤which⾼考对定语从句的考查常涉及以下⼏个⽅⾯：【考点6】正确区别限制性定语从句与⾮限制性定语从句的结构；理解关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中的作⽤；特别注意指代整个主句内容的关系代词which引导的⾮限制性定语从句。
⾮限制性定语从句，从意义上来说，是对主语的补充说明，从结构上来看，先⾏词和定语从句之间⽤逗号隔开，He makes great progress in his English learning, which makes his mother very happy.⑧I shall never forget the day _____ Shenzhou V was launched, _____ has a great effect on my life.A. when; whichB. that; whichC. which; thatD. when; that (2004北京东城)【考点7】关系代词that，who，which以及as的⽤法区别。
指⼈时常只⽤who不⽤that的情况；指物时只⽤which不⽤that的情况；只⽤that不⽤which的情况；关系代词as与which的⽤法区别；the same … that … 与the same … as …的区别:1 其中that, who(whom)，都可以指⼈，那么他们在指⼈时有什么区别呢。
[本条记忆技巧：⽤who 不⽤that 的情况“there be” “one，ones，anyone，nobody, those ” 被分割。
那⾥有(there)很多万(one)被那些⼈(those)分割。
]<1>先⾏词为those, one, anyone, nobody 等词时，⽤who不⽤that,例如：The one who knows me well is Tom.<2>在分隔型定语从句中，若先⾏词是⼈，⽤who不⽤that, 例：A new teacher will come who will teach you German.在本句中，先⾏词“teacher”和修饰限定它的从句“who will teach you German ”分离，所以我们⽤who 不⽤that。
定语从句与非谓语
定语从句与非谓语一、定语从句与分词1、主从句的谓语同为现在时间(一)、主从句的谓语动词的动作都是现在的一般的动作，即为一般现在时态。
例：1China is a developing country which belongs to the third world.China is a developing country belonging to the third world.China, belonging to the third world, is a developing country.China which is a developing例：2They live in a room that faces the south.They live in a room facing the south.例：3Books which are written in English are more expensive.Books written in English are more expensive.(二)、主从句的时间都表示现在，但主句的谓语表示一般状态，而从句的谓语表示现在进行的动作。
例：1Do you know the boy who is playing the violin?Do you know the boy playing the violin? Doing：主动，进行例：2The car that is being repaired is mine.The car being repaired is mine. Doing ---being done2、主从句的谓语同为过去时间。
例：1He used to live in the house which faced south.He used to live tin the house facing south.3、在某些情况下，尽管主句与从句谓语的时间不一致，但在不影响句子意思表达的情况下，可以把定语从句简化为分词短语。
非谓语从句和定语从句
非谓语从句和定语从句非谓语从句和定语从句导语：关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。
关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
以下店铺为大家介绍非谓语从句和定语从句文章，欢迎大家阅读参考!非谓语从句和定语从句非谓语从句中的非是整个当中非常重要的部分，也是学生的一个难点。
其实，我们可以从从句的角度来解释非，弄清非谓语动词与从句的关系，这样会使学生对非谓语动词有更好的了解，学习起来更容易。
I. v-ing 形式与从句之间的转换1. v-ing形式作主语可换成that引导的主语从句Tom's knowing English helps him in learning French. That Tom knows English helps him in learning English.Her being out of work was unexpected. That she was out of work was unexpected.2. v-ing形式作宾语或宾补可换成that引导的宾语从句I remember having paid him for his work. I remember that I have paid him for his work.He suggests our making better use of the school library. He suggests that we (should) make better use of the school library.3. v-ing形式作表语可换成that引导的表语从句Our worry is your depending too much on him. Our worry is that you depend too much on him.The question is many people's being trapped in the fire. The question is that many people are trapped in the fire.4. v-ing形式作定语可换成that, who, which引导的定语从句We will study in the house facing south. We will study in thehouse that / which faces south.The man talking to my teacher is my father. The man who / that is talking to my teacher is my father.5. v-ing形式作状语可换成相应状语从句On arriving there, I will telephone you. As soon as I arrive there, I will telephone you.While waiting for the bus, I caught sight of her. While I was waiting for the bus, I caught sight of her.另外，v-ing形式在句中表伴随或作结果状语，相当于一个并列句，也可和with结构转换。
非谓语动词及从句
非谓语动词有关从句1.非谓语动词概括：2.非谓语动词与名词性从句3.非谓语动词与定语从句4.非谓语动词与状语从句There are some people insisting that they shouldn’t learn English.一、非谓语动词概括：动名词 Ving ；此刻分词 Ving; 过去分词 ved; to do 不定式1.分词短语从实质上而言：是由动词派生而来的形容词。
如， a sleeping baby, a used car, a frightening experience, a frightened child, etc.A baby who is sleeping.A car which is used2.v ing 形式由动词的主动形式派生而来；表示主动的动作或正在进行的动作Ved 形式由动词的被动形式派生而来：表示被动的动作或已达成的动作The fallen leavesThe falling leavesThe custom fascinates me.The fascinating custom has been the subject of many books.The baby will sleep until eight.Try not to wake a sleeping baby.Some movies are rated X.Children shouldn ’ t see X-rated movies.My leg was broken in three places.My broken leg is healing slowly.The sinking ship= the ship that wassinkingThe sunken ship=the ship that has sunken.Falling leaves=Fallen leaves=3.此刻分词的达成时态：表示分词的动作发生在主句谓语动词动作以前。
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二．定语从句：定语从句三步：第一找出先行词（被修饰的那个名词或代词）；第二看从句缺少什么成份（如主语、宾语或状语）；第三选择合适的引导词。
注意：引导词在介词后，指人只能用whom 指物只能用which高考对定语从句的考查常涉及以下几个方面：【考点6】正确区别限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的结构；理解关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中的作用；特别注意指代整个主句内容的关系代词which引导的非限制性定语从句。
非限制性定语从句，从意义上来说，是对主语的补充说明，从结构上来看，先行词和定语从句之间用逗号隔开，He makes great progress in his English learning, which makes his mother very happy.⑧I shall never forget the day _____ Shenzhou V was launched, _____ has a great effect on my life.A. when; whichB. that; whichC. which; thatD. when; that (2004北京东城)【考点7】关系代词that，who，which以及as的用法区别。
指人时常只用who不用that的情况；指物时只用which不用that的情况；只用that不用which的情况；关系代词as与which的用法区别；the same … that … 与the same … as …的区别:1 其中that, who(whom)，都可以指人，那么他们在指人时有什么区别呢。
[本条记忆技巧：用who 不用that 的情况“there be” “one，ones，anyone，nobody, those ” 被分割。
那里有(there)很多万(one)被那些人(those)分割。
]<1>先行词为those, one, anyone, nobody 等词时，用who不用that,例如：The one who knows me well is Tom.<2>在分隔型定语从句中，若先行词是人，用who不用that, 例：A new teacher will come who will teach you German.在本句中，先行词“teacher”和修饰限定它的从句“who will teach you German ”分离，所以我们用who 不用that。
<3>先行词为“there be”结构的主语时，例如There is a man who wants to see you.在本句子当中a man是There is a man 这句当中的主语，所以用who不用that2其中，that 和which 都可以指物，它们在指物时的区别：用that不用which<1>先行词前有形容词最高级,序数词,all, every, little, no, any, much, the only, the very, the last 等修饰时，例如：I have read all the books that you gave me.<2>先行词为all, few, nothing, everything, little, much等不定代词时：He did all that he could do to help us.<3>主语以who或which开头时Who is the man that just called you just now?<4>关系代词在从句中做表语时China is not the country that is was.<5>既指人又指物时He talked about the teachers and schools that he had visited.2, 先行词表示物时, 用which不用that 的情况<1> 引导非限制性定语从句时,例如:She heard a terrible noise, which brought her heart to her mouth.<2>当关系代词做介词宾语时,例如:He wrote a book in which he could learn about his life.在上一例句中,引导词“which”作了介词“in”的宾语,所以不可以用“that”代替.关于as1在一些结构，如“such …as” “the same…as” “as…as”等结构中，定语从句的引导词经常要用到as，例如This is not such a book as I expected.the same as和the same that 的区别。
例句：This is the same tool as I used last time.This is the same tool that I used last time.在例句中，第一句的意思是这个工具和我上次用的一样，但是第二句的意思是这就是我上次用的工具2 as 和which 的比较相同点：两者都可以引导非限制性定语从句，先行词都可以是整个句子，都可以在从句中做主语，宾语表语。
不同点: <1> as 引导的从句可以放在句首和句尾，而which 引导的从句只可放在句尾。
<2>as 还有正如、正象的意思。
As Marx pointed out, labor created man himself.当先行词，虽然表示时间地点，但是引导词在从句中不是做状语，而是做宾语时，不能用when, where引导，而只能用that, which 等引导。
比较以下两个句字：I will never forget the days when I first went to Beijing .I will never forget the days that (which) we spent together⑨ There is no such place ___ you dream of in all this world. (2004北京西城·5月)A. thatB. whatC. whichD. as【考点8】区别that引导的定语从句与that引导的同位语从句。
that引导同位语从句时，that是纯连词，在从句中不充当任何成分；that引导定语从句时，that是关系代词，在从句中充当主语或宾语等。
比较：The news that they had won the game arrived soon.The news that you told me yesterday is true.⑩ Is this the reason _____ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work? (2002上海春季)A. he explainedB. what he explainedC. how he explainedD. why he explained【考点9】定语从句中谓语动词须与先行词在人称与数上保持一致。
⑾ He is the only one of the students who ________ a winner of scholarship in three years.A. isB. areC. have beenD. has been(2002上海春季)【考点10】在先行词为time，place，reason时，常可用that代替when，where，why，并常常省去。
如：That was the reason (that) / why / for which he left home.⑿ What surprised me was not what he said but _______ he said it.(2004湖北)A. the wayB. in the way thatC. in the wayD. the way which【考点11】定语从句应特别注意的几个问题Ⅰ．关系代词which例1．The Greens will move into the new house next Monday, ＿＿＿＿＿it will be completely finished．A．by the time B．by which time C．that D．which例2．Water boils at 100℃, ＿＿＿＿＿it changes to gas．A．at which temperature B．at which C．by which temperature D．by which析：which 引导定语从句时，在从句中除了作主语或宾语外，还可以作定语修饰名词，常用于“介词＋which＋名词”结构中，相当于“and＋介词＋this／that＋名词”。
所以例1选B；例2选A。
Ⅱ．关系副词when例1．Could you suggest a time ＿＿＿＿＿it would fit you to visit us and try out the machine﹖例2．Think of a time ＿＿＿＿＿you were happiest．(Senior3,L93)例3．There was a time ＿＿＿＿＿all scientists were willing to share their results．（Senior3,L3）A．that B．when C．which D．where析：当先行词为a time(一段时间)时，引导定语从句的关系词常用when，而不采用that，故以上例题均选B。
在我们课本中类似的句子还有：①This was at a time when there was no radio, TV or cinema．(Senior2,L70) ②It’s about a time when there were black slaves in North America．(Senior1,L53)Ⅲ．关系代词but例：There is no one ＿＿＿＿＿wishes peace．A．who B．but C．that D．whom析：本题句意为“没有人不希望和平。
”but作关系代词，在定语从句中作主语。
but相当于who ／th at don’t ／doesn’t，but本身含有否定意义。