chapter 3(1) 词语的翻译
牛津Chapter3
10
1). How was the square by midnight ? It was empty except for the giant horse. 2).How many soldiers were hidden in the horse ? Six soldiers were hidden in the horse. 3). How long did they wait in the horse? They waited in the horse for another hour. 4).How did they open the secret door inside the horse ? They opened it quietly 5).What did they do then ?
F. take control by force
G. past, on the far side of
H. a large group of soldiers
3
Shall we go on?
9.main 10.plain 11.securely 12.seized I.made of wood J.achieved K.an open, four-sided area in a city L.took hold of roughly M.safely N.a wide, level area of land
Chapter Three The night of the horse
1. 竞争 2.故事 3.楼梯 4.消失 5.平原 6.特洛伊 7.向下看 petition 2.tale 3.stair 4.disappear 5.plain 6. Troy 11.木质的 12.车轮 13.打岔 14.服从 15.命令 16.特洛伊人
chapter 3(1) 词语的翻译
As a demanding boss, he excepted total loyalty and dedication from his employees. 他是个苛刻的老板，要求手下的人对他忠心耿耿，鞠躬 尽瘁。（贬） Those who do not remember the past are condemned to relive it. 凡是忘掉过去的人注定要重蹈覆辙。（贬）
1
[1][2][3][4][5]
Methods
• Based on the speech of the word • Based on the context and the logical relations • Based on the commendatory term or derogatory term • collocation
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第三章 词语的翻译——词义的选择
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但在下面例句中，like又分属其他几个不同词类： 1) He likes mathematics more than physics. 他喜欢数学甚于喜欢物理学。（动词） 2) In the sunbeam passing through the window there are fine grains of dust shining like gold. 在射入窗内的阳光里，细微的尘埃象金子一般在闪闪发光。
（前置词）
3) Like knows like.
英雄识英雄。（名词）
4
[1][2][3][4][5]
Based on the speech of the word
Your account of what happened is not quite right. 你对于发生的事情的叙述不太正确。 Go right on until you reach the church. 一直往前走，直到你到达教堂为止。 It’s my right of way, so that lorry must stop or slow down until I’ve passed it. 我有优先通行权。 She tried her best to right her husband from the charge of robbery. 她尽力为她丈夫被控抢劫一案伸冤。
现代大学英语精读3 Unit 1 课文 翻译及课文知识重点
Book3 Unit 11.It occurs to sb that 使某人突然意识到It strikes to sb thatIt occurs on sb thatIt occurs to sb to do sth2.dawn on 破晓；（逐渐被人）明白3.identity crisis 认同危机4.go through 经历5.chance event 偶然事件6.in turn 轮流；反过来7.be independent from 独立于8.be dependent on 依赖于9.separation from 分开10.fear loss 患得患失11.define sth as 把……定义为12.be freedom from 免于……不受……约束13.stand back 往后站；处在离……较远的地方；不介入14.feel lower or higher 情绪低落15.nothing ……than……否定+比较级=最高级16.bounce into 突然闯进；蹦进；胁迫sb做17.have a romantic relationship with 爱上sb18.drag one’s feet 无精打采的走19.relate to 有良好关系e to realize 逐渐意识到21.model for =make an example for sb 为sb做榜样22.rebel against 反抗23.be prejudiced against 对……有偏见24.be equal to 相同；等同25.in addition to 除了26.appoint to position 任命；委派27.in a different light = in a different way 以另一种不同的观点来看28.for certain 确定地，肯定地29.contribute to 促成30.observe v.观察observation n.观察力observant n. 善于观察的31.handle v. 触摸；控制；处理32.apply v.申请；应用；适用于；敷，涂33.involve v. 需要，包括，影响，involve sb or sth 牵涉；包含involve doing sth 包含involve sb in sth 把sb卷入sthbe involved in sth 被卷入involved a. 复杂的involvement n. 牵扯；财政困难34.border issue n. 边境问题35.settle dispute 解决争端36.transport gas from sth 传输气体37.see to it 处理；照顾38.critical condition 危险期39.leave it aside 搁置；不考虑leave sb/sth behind 未能/忘记带…leave off 停止leave sth. off 不再穿某物leave it out 忽略；不提及leave sth over 推迟某事40.look at = look into 调查look up 仰视；改善look sth up 查阅（字典，参考书中）look sb up 看望或接触sblook ahead 计划未来look down upon 瞧不起look upon …as 把……视为41.set to 开始精力充沛的做sthset about doing 开始做sthset out to do 开始做sthset out sth 陈述sth42.sent out 派遣43.be content with 知足的44.be free from 摆脱45.interact with 与……相互作用Translation1.她打算申请那个学术工作。
CHAPTER 3心理学专业英语
视知觉，指接受来自周围环境的持续变化的光线模式 ，自上而下地投射到我们的二维视网膜，以及
Visual perceptual organisation Detecting the shape of objects in the environment; Establishing location in three-dimensional space; Recognising an object in terms of its shape, size, brightness and colour.
定义：心理活动的聚集和集中状态，会引起对外界感 觉刺激或内部心理经验的意识觉察（虽然大部分研究 关注的是前者）。
Attention
The vast amount of sensory information from all
our senses has to be cut down to manageable proportions – while reading this you are probably not aware of the smells around you or the pressure on whatever part of your body you are resting on.
Attention
Input stimulu s Sensory register Selectiv e filter Limited capacit y
output
Input stimulu s
Selective attenuatin g filter
Semantic analysis
output
Attention
Synthesis theory
Chapter 3 词汇翻译(二)for students
1)林则徐认为，要成功地禁止鸦片买卖，得首先把鸦片销毁。
2)徐悲鸿画马画得特别好。
3)你已经知道你想要什么。
（三）英汉形容词对比
2)这个古旧的小寨座落在青秀的群山之中。
3)清冷的夜空繁星密布。
2．名词的句法功能
在英汉语中，英汉语名词(名词词组)语法功能的差异在英语名词不能作谓语用，而汉语名词可以。例如：
1)明天星期天。
2）莎拉澳洲人。
3)小张上海人。
4)星期三春节。
5)大米五块钱一斤。
（二）汉英动词对比
1、形式变化
英语动词有丰富的词形变化，汉语动词没有形态变化，语法意义的实现由上下文、词汇(时间词、副词、助词等)、语调等体现。
归化：
内部颠覆者、起内部破坏作用的因素
异化：
特洛伊木马计
2）她在戏中扮演包公。
二、汉英词汇对比
（一）汉英名词对比
1、形式变化
英语可以直接用可数名词的复数形式来表达模糊的、不确定的数量关系，而汉语中，则要使用其他手段，如用数量词组、名词重叠形式以及带数字的固定词组等等来表达类似的意思。
1)一条条新修的公路把这个小镇和外界连在一起。
1、句法功能
英语句子的谓语只能是限定动词词组，其他词类不能担任谓语。汉语形容词可以作谓语，形成形容词谓语句例如：
汉语的形容词谓语句翻译成英语时，一般可遵循“增词原则”，增添适当的动词，以符合英语的句法结构。也可以遵循“词类转译原则”。例如：
1）她聪明，漂亮，又善解人意，大家都愿意接近她。
新思维朗文3B chapter3(1)
朗文3B Chapter3(1) Campingi.Words and phrases1.stay in a tent呆在家stay _________ _________呆在学校________ ________ _________2.cook a meal做午饭________ ________煮面条________ ________3.play hide-and-seek踢足球________ ________玩球________ ________4.boil water5.pick up rubbish捡起这本书pick up ________ ________捡起它pick ________ up捡起他们_____________________6.wash outside7.plant trees种花plant _________8.make a fire with banana leaves一片香蕉叶a banana _________生火________________________9.find more firewoodfind a book ________________look for a book __________________10.help to prepare lunch帮忙找盘子help _________ _________ ________ plates11.cook the noodles12.open the tin of pork一听 a _________ _______两听可乐two _________ _________ cola13.take out14.a strong winda heavy rain15.blow away16.taste yummy尝起来很好taste _________ii.Sentences1.Was camp fun? Yes, it was.2.We stayed in a tent.3.What did you do? We cooked a meal.4.There’s not enough firewood for tonight.5.What a lot of firewood!6.Judy and Dad bring a lot of firewood back to the camp.iii.Grammar1.Be动词过去式is-was are-were句型转换：肯定句：It was great fun.There were many books yesterday.否定句：It _________ great fun.There ________ many books yesterday.一般疑问句：_________ it great fun?________ there many books yesterday?练习：①It was rained yesterday.________________________________________________________②We were happy last summer holiday.________________________________________________________2.实义动词过去式stay-stayed cook-cooked句型转换：We cooked a meal.否定(借助助动词did+not，原来动词要还原)We cooked a meal. →We didn’t cook a meal.He stayed at home last Sunday. →一般疑问句(借助助动词did提前，原来动词还原)We cooked a meal. →Did you cook a meal? Yes, we did. No, we didn’t. He stayed at home last Sunday. →练习：①I looked for my books yesterday. (改为否定句和一般疑问句)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________②He started reading when he was five. (改为一般疑问句并作否定回答)________________________________________________________③Mr Green stopped talking just now. (对画线部分提问)________________________________________________________3.感叹句What +How +There are a lot of firewood.→What a lot of fire wood!The dog is very cute.→What a cute dog!→How cute the dog is!练习：She is a beautiful girl. (改为感叹句)____________________________________________________________4.with①和play with friends②用make a fire with banana leaves5.bring sb. sth = bring sth to sb./sp.Dad brings some firewood to the camp. =My mum brings me some presents. =这样句型结构还有：6.顺序词First Next Then Finally7.windwind 风（不可数）a strong wind 一阵大风rain 雨水（不可数）a heavy rain 一场大雨8.What shall we do now?shall为情态动词+ 动词原形Shall we go?Shall I use your pen?Shall用于第一人称9.taste +形容词(尝起来…)look +形容词(看起来)The food taste good.Your friend looks nice.Exercise1.What did you do? We __________(look) for our books.2.I __________(cook) fish yesterday.3.He __________(be) short ten years old.4.We __________(plant) trees on the 21st of January.5.Please __________(pick) up rubbish.6.__________ you happy last winter holiday? Yes, I __________.7.Beeno __________(be) little when he __________(be) a child.8.What __________ he __________(play) with last night?He __________(play) with his toys.9.I cooked the noodles and the vegetables. (改为否定句和一般疑问句)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________10.Mum only open the tin of pork. (对画线部分提问)____________________________________________________________11.Where did you collected it? (改错)____________________________________________________________12.Judy bring a lot of firewood back to the camp. (改错)____________________________________________________________13.Mark played with Cindy. (对画线部分提问)____________________________________________________________14.完形填空I am Nancy Black. I___1__a brother, Mike. My father is a doctor and my mother is a bus driver. They don't ___2____ on Saturdays and Sundays. They sweep the floor _____3___ Saturday morning. ___4_____ Mike and I like ____5__ some magazines. Sometimes we watch TV, but my father ___6_____, he ___7__ reading a newspaper__8___my mother.( )1. A. am B. have C. has( )2. A. sleep B. work C. like( )3. A. in B. under C. on( )4. A. and B. so C. But( )5. A. reading B. looking C. buy( )6. A. don't B.doesn't C. isn't( )7. A. is B. like C. likes( )8. A. with B. and C. /。
英语写作基础教程(chapter 3)01
and arranges his history books accordingly. It is odd,
but it is convenient. #
.
Assignments
Reading:
pp 41-45
Exercises:
pp 49-54 ▪ Exercise 1: Chronological order ▪ Exercise 2: Process ▪ Exercise 3: Space
(ways of developing paragraphs)
Development by Time
In telling a story or recounting an event, the easiest and clearest way is to describe things in order of time; earlier things are mentioned before later things, the first thing first and the last thing last. This method is also called chronological sequencing.
An effective paragraph
❖ 3 features of an effective paragraph: 1. A paragraph should have one, and only
one, central idea. 2. The main idea is generally expressed in
Example:
In the old days, train travel was not much fun. Back in the 1830’s, passenger coaches on western and southern roads looked like cabins on wheels. Until late in the 1840’s, passengers who wanted heat bought heated bricks from boys at the stations. There were no sleeping cars, either, until 1859, when George R. Pullman remodeled two day coaches into sleeping cars, to run from Chicago to Bloomington, Illinois. They were lighted by candles and heated by wood-burning stoves. Passengers near the stoves were too hot, and those far away were too cold. Even years later, after trains had better heating systems, passengers were often most uncomfortable. Open windows let in showers of soot and cinders; and closed windows meant stifling temperatures. Travelers reached their destinations in those days sooty, jostled, and travel-worn. #
了不起的盖茨比第三章中英翻译The Great Gatsby Chapter 3
Chapter 3THERE was music from my neighbor's house through the summer nights. In his blue gardens men and girls came and went like moths among the whisperings and the champagne and the stars. At high tide in the afternoon I watched his guests diving from the tower of his raft, or taking the sun on the hot sand of his beach while his two motor−boats slit the waters of the Sound, drawing aquaplanes over cataracts of foam. On week−ends his Rolls−Royce became an omnibus, bearing parties to and from the city between nine in the morning and long past midnight, while his station wagon scampered like a brisk yellow bug to meet all trains. And on Mondays eight servants, including an extra gardener, toiled all day with mops and scrubbing−brushes and hammers and garden−shears, repairing the ravages of the night before.Every Friday five crates of oranges and lemons arrived from a fruitier in New York every Monday these same oranges and lemons left his back door in a pyramid of pulp less halves. There was a machine in the kitchen which could extract the juice of two hundred oranges in half an hour if a little button was pressed two hundred times by a butler's thumb.At least once a fortnight a corps of caterers came down with several hundred feet of canvas and enough colored lights to make a Christmas tree of Gatsby's enormous garden. On buffet tables, garnished with glistening hors−d'oeuvre, spiced baked hams crowded against salads of harlequin designs and pastry pigs and turkeys bewitched to a dark gold. In the main hall a bar with a real brass rail was set up, and stocked with gins and liquors and with cordials so long forgotten that most of his female guests were too young to know one from another.总是有悠扬的音乐在夏夜的晚上从我隔壁传出。
新概念英语3第一课单词详解
Lesson 1Wild1.adj. wild animals or plants live or grow in natural surroundings and are not taken care of by people. (动物或植物) 野生的例：We saw two more wild cats creeping toward us in the darkness.我们看见还有两只野猫在黑暗中向我们爬来。
2.adj. wild land is natural and is not used by people. 荒芜的例：...a wild area of woods and lakes.…一片荒芜的森林和湖泊区域。
3.adj. wild is used to describe the weather or the sea when it is stormy. (天气或海面) 狂风暴雨的例：The wild weather did not deter some people from taking an unseasonable dip in the sea.狂风暴雨的天气并没有使一些不合时宜地到海里游泳的人却步。
4.adj. Wild behaviour is uncontrolled, excited, or energetic. (行为) 狂热的例：The children are wild with joy.孩子们欣喜若狂.5.adj. If you describe someone or their behaviour as wild, you mean that they behave in a very uncontrolled way. (指人或其行为) 疯狂的例：The house is in a mess after a wild party.一次疯狂的聚会之后，房子里一片狼藉。
新思维朗文3A chapter3 - 答案
朗文3A Chapter 3一、Phrases1.___our___ school __activies___ 我们学校活动2.the school __fair___校园义卖3.__Open__ Day开放日4.__Sports__ Day 运动会5.__Parents’_ Day 家长会6.the school ___concert___ 校园音乐会7.__Speech___ Day颁奖典礼8.the school ___picnic___ 校园野餐9.__ninth_ ___November____11月9日10.___on___ the __second___ of May 在5月2日11.___feel____ bad 感觉糟糕12.___from___half __past____ two ____to___ three o’clock 从两点半到三点13.invite __you___ __to__ our _school__ 邀请你来我们学校14.__from__ nine o’clock __in_ the morning __to__ two o’clock _on__ the afternoon从早上九点到下午两点二、Sentences1.Sally _is__ ___helping___ Peter __make___ a webpage.Sally正在帮Peter制作一个网页。
2.__When’s___ the school __picnic__?It’s __on___ the __seventh__ of __November____.校园野餐是什么时候？在11月7日。
3.__When’s__ ___the___ ___Sports__ Day?It’s __on__ the __third__ __of__ May.运动会是什么时候？在5月3日。
4.Ricky and Kitty __both___ have __an__ invitation.Ricky和Kitty都有一封邀请函。
国际金融英文版习题Chapter-3(1)
INTERNATIONAL FINANCEAssignment Problems (3) Name: Student#: I. Choose the correct answer for the following questions (only ONE correct answer) (2 credits for each question, total credits 2 x 25 = 50)1. Interbank quotations that include the United States dollars are conventionally given in __________, which state the foreign currency price of one U.S. dollar, such as a bid price of SFr 0.85/$.A. indirect quoteB. direct quoteC. American quoteD. European quote2. The spot exchange rate published in financial newspapers is usually the __________.A. nominal exchange rateB. real exchange rateC. effective exchange rateD. equilibrium exchange rate3. The foreign exchange refers to the __________.A. foreign bank notes and coinsB. demand deposits in foreign banksC. foreign securities that can be easily cashedD. all of the above4. The functions of the foreign exchange market come down to __________.A. converting the currency of one country into the currency of anotherB. providing some insurance against the foreign exchange riskC. making the foreign exchange speculation easyD. Only A and B are true.5. Which of the following is NOT true regarding the foreign exchange market?A. It is the place through which people exchange one currency for another.B. The exchange rate nowadays is mainly determined by the market forces.C. Most foreign exchange transactions are physically completed in this market.D. All of the above are true.6. The world largest foreign exchange markets are __________ respectively.A. London, New York and TokyoB. London, Paris and FrankfurtC. London, Hong Kong and SingaporeD. London, Zurich and Bahrain7. The foreign exchange market is NOT efficient because __________.A. monetary authorities dominate the foreign exchange market and everybody knows that by definition, central banks are inefficientB. commercial banks and other participants of the market do not compete with one another due to the fact that transaction takes place around the world and not in a single centralized locationC. foreign exchange dealers have different prices such as bid and ask pricesD. None of the reasons listed are correct because the foreign exchange market is an efficient market8. __________ earn a profit by a bid-ask spread on currencies they buy and sell. __________ on the other hand, earn a profit by bringing together buyers and sellers of foreign exchanges and earning a commission on each sale and purchase.A. Foreign exchange brokers; foreign exchange dealersB. Foreign exchange dealers; foreign exchange brokersC. arbitragers; speculatorsD. commercial banks; central banks9. Most foreign exchange transactions are through the U.S. dollars. If the transaction is expressed as the currencies per dollar, this is known as __________ whereas __________ are expressed as dollars per currency.A. direct quote; indirect quoteB. indirect quote; direct quoteC. European quote; American quoteD. American quote, European quote10. From the viewpoint of a Japanese investor, which of the following would be a direct quote?A. SFr 1.25/€B. $1.55/₤C. ¥ 110/€D. €0.0091/ ¥11. Which of the following is true about the foreign exchange market?A. It is a global network of banks, brokers, and foreign exchange dealers connected by electronic communications system.B. The foreign exchange market is usually located in a particular place.C. The foreign exchange rates are usually determined by the related monetary authorities.D. The main participants in this market are currency speculators from different countries.12. The extent to which the income from individual transactions is affected by fluctuations in foreign exchange values is considered to be _________.A. Translation exposureB. economic exposureC. transaction exposureD. accounting exposure13. Which of the following exchange rates is adjusted for price changes?A. nominal exchange rateB. real exchange rateC. effective exchange rateD. equilibrium exchange rate14. Suppose the exchange rate of the RMB versus U.S. dollar is ¥6.8523/$ now. If the RMB were to undergo a 10% depreciation, the new exchange rate in terms of ¥/$ would be:A. 6.1671B. 7.5375C. 6.9238D. 7.613515. At least in a U.S. MNC’s financial accounting statement, if the value of the euro depreciates rapidly against that of the dollar over a year, this would reduce the dollar value of the euro profit made by the European subsidiary. This is a typical __________.A. transaction exposureB. translation exposureC. economic exposureD. operating exposure16. A Japanese-based firm expects to receive pound-payment in 6 months. The company has a (an) __________.A. economic exposureB. accounting exposureC. long position in sterlingD. short position in sterling17 The exposure to foreign exchange risk known as Translation Exposure may be defined as __________.A. change in reported owner’s equity in consolidated financial statements caused by a change in exchange ratesB. the impact of settling outstanding obligations entered into before change in exchange rates but to be settled after change in exchange ratesC. the change in expected future cash flows arising from an unexpected change in exchange ratesD. All of the above18 When a firm deals with foreign trade or investment, it usually has foreign exchange risk exposure. So if an American firm expects to receive a dollar-paymentfrom a Chinese company in the next 30 days, the U.S. firm has the possible __________.A. economic exposureB. transaction exposureC. translation exposureD. none of the above19. In order to avoid the possible loss because of the exchange rate fluctuations, a firm that has a __________ position in foreign exchanges can __________ that position in the forward market.A. short; sellB. long; sellC. long; buyD. none of the above20. A forward contract to deliver Japanese yens for Swiss francs could be described either as __________ or __________,A. selling yens forward; buying francs forwardB. buying francs forward; buying yens forwardC. selling yens forward; selling francs forwardD. selling francs forward; buying yens forward21. Dollars are trading at S0SFr/$=SFr0.7465/$ in the spot market. The 90-day forward rate is F1SFr/$=SFr0.7432/$. So the forward __________ on the dollar in basis points is __________:A. discount, 0.0033B. discount, 33C. premium, 0.0033D. premium, 3322. If the spot rate is $1.35/€, 3-month forward rate is $1.36/€, which of the following is NOT true?A. euro is at forward premium by 100 points.B. dollar is at forward discount by 100 points.C. dollar is at forward discount by 55 points.D. euro is at forward premium by 2.96% p.a.23. If the spot C$/$ rate is 1.0305/15, forward dollar is 25/30 premium, the outright forward quote in American term should be __________.A. 1.0330 – 1.0345B. 1.0280 – 1.0285C. 0.9681 – 0.9667D. 0.9728 – 0.972324. If the spot C$/$ rate is 1.0305/15, forward dollar is 25/30 premium, the $/C$ forward quote in terms of points should be __________.A. 30/25B. 25/30C. – (23/28)D. – (28/23)25. The current U.S. dollar exchange rate is ¥85/$. If the 90-day forward dollar rate is ¥90/$, then the yen is selling at a per annum __________ of __________.A. premium; 5.88%B. discount; 5.56%C. premium; 23.52%D. discount; 22.23%II. ProblemsQuestions 1 through 10 are based on the information presented in Table 3.1. (2 credits for each question, total credits 2 x 10 = 20)Table 3.1Country Exchange rate Exchange rate CPI V olume of Volume of (2008) (2009) (2008) exports to U.S imports from U.S. Germany €0.75/$ €0.70/$ 102.5 $200m $350m Mexico Mex$11.8/$ Mex$12.20/$ 110.5 $120m $240mU.S. 105.31. The real exchange rate of the dollar against the euro in 2009 was __________.2. The real exchange rate of the dollar against the peso in 2009 was __________.3. The dollar was __________ against the euro in nominal term by __________.A. appreciated; 6.67%B. depreciated; 6.67%C. appreciated; 7.14%D depreciated; 7.14%4. The Mexican peso was __________ against the dollar in nominal term by __________.A. appreciated; 3.39%B. depreciated; 3.39%C. appreciated; 3.28%D. depreciated; 3.28%5. The volume of the German foreign trade with the U.S. was __________.6. The volume of the Mexican foreign trade with the U.S. was __________.7. Assume the U.S. trades only with the Germany and Mexico. Now if we want to calculate the dollar effective exchange rate in 2009 against a basket of currencies of euro and Mexican peso, the weight assigned to the euro should be __________.8. The weight assigned to the peso should be __________.9. Assume the 2008 is the base year. The dollar effective exchange rate in 2009 was __________.10. Was the dollar generally stronger or weaker in 2009 according to your calculation?11. The following exchange rates are available to you.Fuji Bank ¥80.00/$United Bank of Switzerland SFr0.8900/$Deutsche Bank ¥95.00/SFrAssume you have an initial SFr10 million. Can you make a profit via triangular arbitrage? If so, show steps and calculate the amount of profit in Swiss francs. (8 credits)12. If the dollar appreciates 1000% against the ruble, by what percentage does the ruble depreciate against the dollar? (5 credits)13. As a percentage of an arbitrary starting amount, about how large would transactions costs have to be to make arbitrage between the exchange rates S SFr/$= SFr1.7223/$, S$/￥= $0.009711/¥, and S￥/SFr = ¥61.740/SFr unprofitable? Explain. (7 credits14. You are given the following exchange rates:S￥/A$ = 67.05 – 68.75S￡/A$ = 0.3590 – 0.3670Calculate the bid and ask rate of S￥/￡: (5 credits)15. Suppose the spot quotation on the Swiss franc (CHF) in New York is USD0.9442 –52 and the spot quotation on the Euro (EUR) is USD1.3460 –68. Compute the percentage bid-ask spreads on the CHF/EUR quote. ( 5 credits)Answers to Assignment Problems (3)Part II1. 0.70 x (105.3/102.5) = 0.7 x 1.0273 = 0.71912. 12.2 x (105.3/110.5) = 12.2 x .9529 = 11.62593. B (0.7 /.75) – 1 = -6.67%4. D (1/12.2)/(1/11.8) – 1 = -3.28%5. 5506. 3607. 550/910 = 60.44%8. 360/910 = 39.569. (0.70/0.75)(60.44%) + (12.2/11.8)(39.56%) = .5641 + 0.4090 = .9731 = 97.31%10. weaker, because dollar depreciated by 2.69%.11. Since S￥/$S$/SFr S SFr/￥= 80 x 1/0.8900 x 1/95.00 = 0.946186 < 1, there is an arbitrage opportunity.Steps:①Buy ¥ from Deutsche Bank, SFr10 million x 95.00 = ¥950 million②Buy $from Fuji Bank, $950 m / 80.00 = $11.875 m③Buy SFr from UBS, $11.875 x 0.8900 = SFr10.56875 mProfit (ignoring transaction fees):SFr10.56875 – SFr10 = 0.56875 million = 568,75012. (x – 1) = 1000%; 1/11 – 1 = 90.9%13. S SFr/$ S$/￥S￥/SFr = SFr1.7223/$ x $0.009711/¥ x ¥61.740/SFr = 1.0326If transaction costs exceed $0.0326 (3.26%), the arbitrage is unprofitable.14. Given: S￥/A$ = 67.05 – 68.75S￡/A$ = 0.3590 – 0.3670So, S￥/₤ = 67.05/0.3670 = 182.70 (bid)S￡/₤ = 68.75/0.3590 = 191.50 (ask)15. Given: USD0.9442 – 52/SFrUSD1.3460 – 68/SFrSo, S SRr/€ = 1.3460/0.9452 =1.424 (bid)S SFr/€ = 1.3468/0.9442 = 1.4264 (ask)。
换言之 翻译教程 第三章 笔记
Chapter 3 Equivalence above word level3.1. CollocationWhen we discussed lexical meaning in Chapter 2, we made a brief reference to collocation under presupposed meaning and defined it as:①Semantically arbitrary restriction which do not follow logically from the propositional meaning of a word②To think of collocation in terms of the tendency of certain words to co-occur regularly ina given languageThe patterns of collocation are largely arbitrary and independent of meaning.Differences in collocational patterning among languages are not just a question of using, say,a different verb with a given noun; they can involve totally different ways of portraying an event.3.1.1.Collocational range and collocational markednessRange here refers to the set of collocates, which are typically associated with the word in question.Two main factors can influence the collocational range of an item: (1) its level of specificity;(2) the number of senses it has.It is the collocational patterning of a word that determines its different senses. Either way, it is clear that there is a strong relationship between the number of senses a word has and its collocational range.Collocational ranges are not fixed. Words attract new collocates all the time: they do so naturally, through processes of analogy, or because speakers create unusual collocations on purpose.A marked collocation is an unusual combination of words, one that challenges our expectations as hearers or readers.To sum up, we create new collocations all the time, either by extending an existing range or by deliberately putting together words from different or opposing ranges.3.1.2. Collocation and registerRegister-specific collocations are not simply the set of terms that go with a discipline. They extend far beyond the list of terms that one normally finds in specialized dictionaries and glossaries.3.1.3. Collocational meaningCollocational meaning depends largely on its pattern of collocation and is not something that the word possesses in isolation.3.1.4. Some collocation-related pitfalls and problems in translation3.1.4.1. The engrossing effect of source text patterningConfusing source and target patterns is a pitfall that can easily be avoided once the translator is alerted to the potential influence that the collocational patterning of the source text can have on him or her.A good method of detaching oneself from the source text is to put draft translation aside fora few hours.3.1.4.2. Misinterpreting the meaning of a source-language collocation3.1.4.3. The tension between accuracy and naturalness3.1.4.4. Culture-specific collocations3.1.4.5. Marked collocation in the source text3.2. Idioms and fixed expressions3.2.1. Idioms, fixed expressions and the direction of translation"N ative knowledge" is defined as the ability to speak and write a language so fluently that the expression of thought is structurally, grammatically and idiomatically correct.The main problem that idiomatic and fixed expressions pose in translation relates to two main areas:①The ability to recognize and interpret an idiom correctly②The difficulties involved in rendering the various aspects of meaning that an idiom or a fixed expression conveys into the target language.3.2.2. The interpretation of idioms①Some idioms are misleading; they seem transparent because they offer a reasonable literal interpretation and their idiomatic meanings are not necessarily signalled in the surrounding text.②An idiom in the source language may have a very close counterpart in the target language which looks similar on the surface but has a totally or partially different meaning.3.2.3. The translation of idioms: difficultiesAn idiom or a fixed expression may have no equivalent in the target language:①Express a given meaning by means of a single word②Express it by means of a transparent fixed expression③Express it by means of an idiomAn idiom or fixed expression may have a similar counterpart in the target language, but its context of use may be different; the two expressions may have different connotations or they may not be pragmatically transferable.An idiom may be used in the source text in both its literal and idiomatic senses at the same time. The very convention of using idioms in written discourse, the contexts in which they can be used, and their frequency of use may be different in the source and target languages.3.2.4. The translation of idioms: strategies3.2.4.1. Using an idiom of similar meaning and formIt is to use an idiom in the target language which conveys roughly the same meaning as that of the source-language idiom and, in addition, consists of equivalent lexical items.3.2.4.2. Using an idiom of similar meaning but dissimilar form3.2.4.3. T ranslation by paraphrase3.2.4.4. T ranslation by omission。
英语专业翻译Chapter 4-3
• My mother, Jane Lampton Clemens, died in her 88th year, a might age for one who at 40 was so delicate of body as to be accounted a confirmed invalid destined to pass soon away. • 我的母亲简·兰普顿·克莱门斯是在她八十八岁 那年去世的。这对于一位四十岁时就身体纤弱， 被公认有痼疾缠身，注定不久于人世的人，是难 得的高龄。
Chapter IV. 3 转句译法
E to C
(一） 副词的分译
The Chinese seemed justifiably proud of their economic achievements. 中国人似乎为他们经济建设上取得的巨大成就感到自豪，这是合 乎情理的。 Jerry quickly ordered everyone to put on life jackets, and tried unsuccessfully to put out the fire. 杰里立即叫大家穿上救生衣，并且奋力灭火，但却无济于事。 But, occasionally, through haste carelessness, mistakes were made, so that at the end of the business day one teller would be short on cash, the other long. 但是，偶尔 也有这种情况：仓促匆忙或者粗心大意造成了一些错误，结果 当天停业结算时，一个出纳会短了现金，而另一个却会多了现 金。 An outsider’s success could even curiously help two parties to get the agreement they want. 说来奇怪，一个局外人取得的成功竟然能促使双方达成一项他们 希望取得的协议。
Chapter3词组+翻译
10. He admitted breaking the window. • He didn’t deny breaking the window. 11. I admit (that) I was wrong • =I admit my mistake. 12. May denied cheating in the exam. =May didn’t admit cheating in the exam. 13. The blood on his shoes was a proof of his guilt. = The blood on his shoes proved that he was guilty. 14. The suspect says he is innocent. The suspect says he isn’t guilty.
• • • • • • • • • • •
6. She was too afraid /scared to move. She was too frightened to move. 7. Who is the owner of this house ? Who owns/has this house ? Who does this house belong to ? Whose is this house? 8. The old man lives alone. The old man lives by himself. The old man lives on his own . 9. I’d like to question you about the problem . = I would like to ask you a question about the problem .
大学英语精读3课文(第三版) 中英文对照
Text Book 3Unit 1TextA young man finds that strolling along the streets without an obvious purpose can lead to trouble with the law. One misunderstanding leads to another until eventually he must appear in court for trial……一个青年发现，在大街上毫无明显目的地游逛会招致警方的责罚。
误会一个接一个发生，最终他只得出庭受审……A Brush with the Law与警察的一场小冲突I have only once been in trouble with the law. 我平生只有一次跟警方发生纠葛。
The whole process of being arrested and taken to court was a rather unpleasant experience at the time, but it makes a good story now. 被捕和出庭的整个过程在当时是一件非常不愉快的事，但现在倒成了一篇很好的故事。
What makes it rather disturbing was the arbitrary circumstances both of my arrest and my subsequent fate in court. 这次经历令人可恼之处在于围绕着我的被捕以及随后庭上审讯而出现的种种武断专横的情况。
It happened in February about twelve years ago. 事情发生在大约12年前，其时正是2月。
I had left school a couple of months before that and was not due to go to university until the following October. 几个月前我中学毕业了，但上大学要等到10月。
英语词汇学chapter3wordformation(1)
The percentage of firmly
established new words since World
War II
1. The three major processes of word-formation: 2. a) Compounding or composition (about 27%): raindrop, snow-white, baby-sit; (b) Derivation or affixation (about 17.5 %): Prefixation: deescalate（逐步缓和，逐渐降级）,
and less about them. ③
③ The encyclopedia provides a comprehensive survey of formal education and lifelong learning.
④ Given China's long history, the new gender balance is something recent.
(h) Others (about 3%): pizzazz(时髦派头), gazump(索高价).
Words formed by these minor processes account for 26.5% of the new vocabulary. The remaining 18.5% is from borrowing, e.g. discotheque,
1) “negative” prefixes (un-, non-, in-, dis-, a-); 2) “reversative or privative”(“非” “缺”)
prefixes (un-, de-, dis-); 3) “pejorative” prefixes (贬损) (mis-, mal-);
新视野大学英语3unit123458单词汇总
UNIT 1textAdeviate vi.背离，偏离preclude vt.妨碍阻碍，阻止premier a.最好的，最大的，最重要的n.首相，总理whereby ad.凭那个，借以civic a.公民的，市民的，城镇的，城市的patriotic a.爱国的，有爱国心的clear-cut a.明确的，清楚的inhibit vt.阻碍，妨碍，抑制scholarly a.博学的，学问精深的，学者的，学术的idiot n.笨蛋，傻子bypass vt.（做某事时）避开，越过（某人），绕过，绕……走persecution n.（尤指因种族、宗教或政治信仰而进行的）迫害，残害misfortune n.不幸的是事，灾难，厄运，不幸glamour n.魅力，吸引力glamorous a.极富魅力的，非常吸引人的tragic a.悲惨的，不幸的，悲剧性的，可悲的spur n.刺激，激励，鞭策，鼓舞vt.刺激，激励，鞭策，鼓舞，使发生optimism n.乐观，乐观主义dedication n.奉献，献身commend vt.（正式或公开）表扬，称赞，表彰，推荐uphold vt.支持，拥护，维护endeavor n. 尽力，努力vi.努力做（某事），尽力做（某事）statesman n.政治家diligent a.勤奋的，用功的diligently ad.勤奋地pursuit n.追求，寻求ranch n.美国或加拿大西部的大牧场prestige n.声望，名望，威望circuit n.（与某种活动相关的人）定期前往一系列场所，电路，回路，线路，环形路线unprecedented a.前所未有的，史无前例的，（大小、数量、程度等）的前所未知的，空前的nominate vt.提名，推荐appoint vt.认命，委派，指派，确定，指定，约定（时间或地点）abortion n.人工流产，堕胎expend vt.花费，消耗，支出threat n.危害，威胁，恐吓inward a.内心的，精神的，内向的，向中心的robust a.坚定的，强硬的人，强壮的，强健的maintain vt.保持，维持slack vi. a.偷懒，逃避工作，松弛的，不紧的，松懈的，懈怠的，疏忽的transcend vt.超越摆脱（消极的态度、思想或情绪）handicap n.障碍，不利条件，身体或智力的缺陷，残疾（该词现在被认为具有冒犯意）feat n.技艺，业绩，功绩Remove sth./sb.from sth. 移开；拿开；去掉；从...机构开除deviate from sth. 背离；偏离；违背Preclude sb.from doing sth阻止某人做某事；妨碍某人做某事Write sb/sth.off认定...失败Fail in sth 做..失败；未能做到...Triumph over 打败；战胜；成功In（the）pursuit of sth. 在追求...的过程中Work one^s way to/through/into （通过努力）逐步达到Act as 充当Fall down 不足；不够好textBstricken a.（与某些名词相连用）受……侵袭，患病的，受伤的，罹难的，受侵害的，受灾的，遭损失的prospective a.可能发生的，预期的，可能的，有希望的destined a.注定的，肯定的，指定的，预定的jockey n.操作者celebrity n.（尤指娱乐界、体育界的）名人，名流，出名，著名indulge v.使自己沉湎于，让自己享受一下vi.沉迷于，沉溺于，不被认可的事物masterpiece n.名著，大作，典范aggravate vt.激怒，恼怒，尤指局势或病情恶化，加剧scorn vt.看不起，鄙视n.轻蔑，鄙视nonetheless ad.然而，不过renowned a.有名望的，著名的enterprise n.尤指全新或不同的）事业，计划layout n.陈设，布局，安排dubious a.无把握的，怀疑的，令人怀疑的，不确定的，靠不住的dubiously ad.怀疑地，疑惑地straw n.干燥的麦秆，稻草，禾秆，喝饮料用的吸管expertise n.从经历、培训或学习中得来的）特殊技能，专门知识blunt a.言语率直的，直言不讳的，直截了当的bluntly ad.言语率直地，直言不讳地，直截了当地bust n.彻底的失败adore vt.疼爱，爱慕，崇拜persuasive a.有说服力的，能使人信服的cater v.满足，迎合（某群人的需要，为……）提供饮食，承办酒席overtime n.加班时间posture n.姿势，姿态，仪态态度，行为方式panel n.交通工具或机器的仪表板，面板，评判小组disciplined vt.训练有素的，遵守纪律的alleviate vt.减轻，缓解，缓和doom vt.注定命定失败，毁灭或极不高兴的n.厄运，劫数murmur v.咕哝，小声说vi.低声抱怨，私下发牢骚n.低声说出的话，低语frantic a.因极端焦急恐惧而）发疯似的，情绪失控的grin vi.露齿而笑，咧嘴笑n.露齿笑，咧嘴笑blink v.眨眼vi. 灯闪烁，闪亮n.眨眼睛hoist vt.提起，举起，提高数量或价值flip vi.按开关，开或关机器等v.使快速发展，迅速翻动eloquent a.雄雌的，口才流利的eloquently ad.雄雌地，口才流利地rap vi.说唱v. 猛敲，急拍n.叩击声，轻敲声mingle vi.（尤指在社交场合）四处走动与人交谈v.使混合dazzle vt.用美貌智力或技能）使倾斜，使赞叹不已，强光等）使目眩，使眼花n.耀眼，目眩，光彩夺目的品质，令人赞叹的品质applause n.掌声，鼓掌propel vt.驱使，促使，导致，推进，驱动icon n.偶像，崇拜对象，计算机屏幕上可用鼠标点击的图标Destined to do sth. 预定；注定；命中注定Serve as 被用作..；充当..；起..的作用Be wrapped up in sth. 把全部精力放在某事上（以至于没有时间关心别的事）Take sb.on 开始雇佣某人Work overtime 加班Hang out（with）泡在某处；与..经常在一起Soak sth..up 迅速吸收；轻松学会in anticipation of sth. 预料某事；期待某事On （the）air 正在广播UNIT 2textAwaterproof a. 防水的，不透水的n.防水衣物，雨衣jetty n.栈桥，突堤，登岸码头notorious a.臭名昭著的，声名狼藉的hop vi.快速行走，弹跳oust vt.（尤指取而代之而）不是某人放弃职位，把……撵走feeble a.非常虚弱的，无力的｜蹩脚的，无效的，站不住脚的recede vi.减弱，减小（可能性）deem vt.认为pathetic a.招人怜悯的，可怜的｜没用的，无效的mob n.同类的一群人gasp vi.（因惊讶、惊吓或痛苦而）倒抽气，喘气，喘息｜急促地喘气，猛的吸气catastrophe n.麻烦，困境，不利的局面｜灾难，大祸，严重的不幸tide n.潮，潮汐bleak a.没有希望的，令人沮丧的｜阴冷的，阴郁的tow n.（车辆的）拖拉，牵引（车辆或船只）intervene vi. 干预，介入，插手v.大岔，插话appraise vt.评定，鉴定，估价symptom n.症状｜（严重的问题存在的）征兆，征候underestimate v.（对……）估计不足vt.低估，看轻midst n.当某事发生的时候paralyze vt.（尤指通过恐吓）使丧失思考能力，使丧失正常行为能力，使呆若木鸡｜使瘫痪，使麻痹impromptu a.未计划的，即兴的，即席的，无准备的ridge n.脊，垄，棱纹｜山脊whirl v.使急转，使迅速旋转athletic a.强壮的，擅长运动的｜运动的dismay n. 忧虑，失望，沮丧vt.使担心，使失望，使忧虑batter v.殴打，连续猛击，撞击vicious a.凶险的，会造成伤害的｜剧烈的，恶劣的clarity n.清晰度｜清晰，清楚，明确paw v. 用爪子抓（挠）n.动物的爪子derail vt.使离开正常进程，扰乱v.使火车出轨perish vi.死亡（尤指惨死或猝死）forcibly ad.用强力，用武力｜清楚有力地escort vt.护送，护卫｜陪同（某人）游览，给（某人）当导游practicable a.可行的，能实行的brink n.某事物的边缘（一般指即将面临坏情况）ascend v.上升，升高，登高salvation n.基督教中对灵魂的拯救，救赎｜解救物，救星，救助者hug vt.拥抱n.拥抱，紧抱weary a.尤指因长期做某事而精疲力尽，非常废劳的，厌烦的，厌倦的｜令人疲倦的Pull to a stop 停下Sick to one^s stomach 想呕吐的Black out 晕厥；失去知觉Pop up 突然出现；冒出来Stop short （在说话或做事时因吃惊或想到某事而）突然停下Plow through sth. 艰难费力地通过Throw oneself into/at/on/down,etc.突然猛力地冲进/扑向/跳到/扑倒等Make one^s way 行进（尤指艰难地，或需要很长时间时）Let oneself go 放松自己；放纵自己Grab for/at sth. （迅速伸手）抓住textBtranscontinental. a.横贯大陆的briefcase n.公文包，公事包lofty a.高傲的,傲慢的|（思想、目标等）崇高的，高尚的|（山、建筑物等）巍峨的，高耸的paperback n.平装书,简装书altitude n.海拔高度vertical a.垂直的，直立的vertically ad.垂直地，直立地tilt v.使倾斜着移动，使倾斜，使倾侧turbulence n.（由风造成的空气或水的）喘流，不稳定的强气流evaporate vi.逐渐消失，消散，衰减v.使蒸发plight n.困境，苦境regarding prep.有关，关于necessitate vt.使成为必要，需要abort vt.因困难或危险使活动终止sober v.使变得持重、谨慎、严肃sobering a.使人警醒的，使人清醒的scramble vt.仓促完成困难的事，迅速而吃力地爬，攀登instantaneous a.即刻的，即时的instantaneously ad.即刻地，即时地hysterical a.歇斯底里的，狂热的stun vt.使大吃一惊，使震惊vulnerable a.身体上或感情上脆弱的，易受伤害的grim a.神色或口气严肃的，令人担忧的，令人不快的proximity n.距离或时间的接近，临近，邻近overhear vt.无意中听到，偶然听到underline vt.位于…之下，置于…之下，作为…的原因，构成…的基础evoke vt.引起，唤起（强烈的感情或回忆）imperative a.紧急的，极重要的cabin n.（飞机上的）客舱，驾驶舱，（尤指建于林中或山上的）小木屋brace vt.抵住，顶住，使稳住，使做好准备fabulous a.极好的，绝妙的invaluable a.极有价值的intent a.专注的，专心致志的relish vt.享受，满足，喜欢hover vi.逗留在近旁，盘旋，悬停strap vt.用带子束住，捆绑n.带子wreckage n.（飞机，船或建筑物被毁后的）残骸glide vi.滑行，滑动destiny n.命运，天命，定数dread n.恐惧，害怕vt.畏惧，惧怕，担心descent n.下降，降落Settle back舒服地躺下On board在船上在飞机上in the event of sth. 如果某事发生；万一In/into position 在适当的位置Be stunned by 被..震惊For sure 肯定地确切地No earthly reason/use 毫无缘由/用处等Hint of 少许微量UNIT3textAnoteworthy a.值得注意的，显著的domain n.活动兴趣或知识的领域，范围，范畴portray vt.扮演角色，把某人/某物描写成某种样子exemplary a.模范的，可作楷模的ambassador n.大使brutality n.野蛮行为，野蛮事件captive a.被关押的，遭监禁的dart vi.猛冲，突进huddle v.（因生病寒冷或烦恼）蜷缩着身体foul a.肮脏的，难闻的，难吃的anonymous a.无名的，不署名的refugee n.难民，避难者fragile a.脆弱的，易碎的，易损坏的fragility n.脆弱afflict vt.使受痛苦，折磨immigrant n.（外来）移民rigorous a.严酷的，严厉的，严格的，缜密的，精确的compliment vt.赞美，称赞n.赞美的话，夸奖，称赞humanitarian a.博爱的，人道主义的divorce n. 离婚v.与…离婚jeopardize vt.危急，危害，损害paradise n.乐土，完美的境界天堂conscientious a.勤勉认真的，细心负责的diplomat n.外交官，外交家cozy a.温暖舒适的，温馨的embark v.使上船/飞机，使装船/飞机outreach n.对社区居民的主动提供服务drought n.旱灾，干旱beneficiary n.受益者，受惠者wicked a.邪恶的，缺德的deprive vt.剥夺misery n.痛苦，难受，苦难ideology n.（政治或经济上的）思想体系，（对人们行为有强烈影响的）观念integral a.（构成整体所）必须的，不可缺少的sacred a.很重要的，神圣的，深受尊重的|上帝的，神的，宗教性的cherish vt.钟爱，珍爱｜珍爱，珍视serene a.宁静的，安宁的，平静的graciously a.有礼貌的仁慈地，和蔼的，亲切的（尤指对较低层的人们）perpetual a.连续不断的，无休止的perpetually ad.连续不断地，无休止地signify vt.表示，代表，象征，意味着majesty n.雄伟，壮丽，庄严，崇高｜陛下（对国王或女王的称呼）poise n.镇定自信，泰然自若，沉着Take/hold sb.captive 关押某人Turn sb./sth. Down 拒绝（建议要求或邀请）Embark on/upon sth.开始着手Share in sth.分享分担参与Lead by example以身作则Be stricken by/with受灾患病Live on继续存在流传下去TextBtuck vt.把…藏起来immerse vt.潜心于某事，专心于某事｜使浸没于液体中legitimate a.合法的，法律许可的，依法的｜公正的，正当的，合理的footage n.（展示某一事件的）影片，影片片段simulate vt.模拟，模仿miniature a.很小的，微型的spacecraft n.航天器，太空船，宇宙飞船populate vt.在…中占有位置，占据｜构成某地的人口terrific a.（尺寸或程度）极其巨大的，大得惊人的｜极好的，极棒的，非常愉快的premiere n.（电影的）首映，（戏剧、乐曲等的）首演intuition n.直觉力setback n.阻碍，挫折turbulent a.骚乱的，动荡的，混乱的carefree a.无忧无虑的，无牵挂的conspicuous a.显著的，显眼的，引人注目的eccentric a.行为奇异的，古怪的shun vt.故意避开，躲开某人或某物mock v.嘲笑，讥笑，嘲弄，（模仿）取笑temperament n.气质，性情，性格，禀性revert v.恢复，回复furious a.狂怒的，暴怒的furiously ad.狂暴地，暴怒地infect vt.（在感情或思想上）感染,影响（他人），使传染，使感染strive vi.努力，奋斗formidable a.令人敬畏的，可怕的endorse vt.（正式）赞同，认可，支持academician n.学会会员，院士mount n.底座，底架，炮架vt. 准备，安排，组织，开展lens n.（照相机的）镜头manifest a.显而易见的，明显的vt.显示，表明，表露（感情、态度等）sabotage vt.故意破坏（某人的计划）｜暗中破坏敌人或对手的设备车辆等withhold vt.拒绝给予，扣留contrive vt.设法做到（尤其是困难的事），谋划，策划rectify vt.纠正,矫正divert vt.转移…的注意力，使转向discreet a.不引人注意的，觉察不出的，谨慎的，慎重的discreetly ad.不引人注意地，觉察不出地pretext n.借口smuggle vt.偷偷携带，夹带｜走私，偷运discrete a.分开的，分离的，离散的discretely ad.分散地，分离地，离散地upgrade v.使计算机、机器或软件升级plot n.（书、电影、戏剧的）情节，密谋，阴谋，秘密计划awesome a.令人赞叹的，令人敬畏惧的，可怕的debut n.（演员或运动员等的）首次登台，初次亮相，（新事物的）问世notable a.显要的，显著的，值得注意的coincidence n.巧合，巧事，同时发生skeptical a.持怀疑态度的，不相信的skepticism n.怀疑态度，怀疑论onward ad.往前，向前，a.向前的，前进的，继续的Establish oneself(as/in)使被接受Be related to sth./sb.与..相关Put effort into(doing)sth.努力做End(sth.)with sth.以..作为结束(all)on one^s own无援地独立地Under/on the pretext of以..为借口Stand fast坚持立场Drive sb. To do sth迫使第4单元TextAgroan vi.因痛苦或烦恼等呻吟，发出哼哼声v.抱怨n.（尤指疼痛或苦烦恼时的）呻吟,哼哼声console vt.安慰consolation n.安慰，慰藉burdensome a.令人烦恼的，成为负担的airborne a.在空中的，飞行中的，空气传播的dense a.物质密度大的，茂密的，烟雾或气体浓密的mall n.购物商场，购物中心cluster n.群，组，束，串，簇v.群集，聚集globalize vt.使全球化，使企业全球化globallized a.全球性的luncheon n.（指许多人吃的正式的）午餐anniversary n.纪念日，周年纪念decidedly ad.确实无疑地，显然坚决地，果断地corporate a.大公司的，全体的，集体的compulsory a.必须做的，义务的，强制的offset vt.抵消，补偿n.抵消物，补偿tropical a.热带的，来自热带的aviation n.航空，飞行术hemisphere n.地球的半球，大脑半球irony n.具有讽刺意味的事，出乎意料的事，啼笑皆非的事，反语，反话，讥讽stubborn a.难以改变的，难以击败的，顽强的｜人固执的，执拗的，倔强的contemplate v.思忖，思量，仔细考虑vt.盘算，打算saturate vt.使充满，使湿透saturated a.充满的，充斥的，湿透的，浸透的finite a.有限的，有限制的literal a.缺乏想象力的，刻板的，字面意思的，原义的prose n.散文（相对诗歌而言）verse n.尤指遵循一定的诗律的诗歌，诗节，诗词的节cognitive a.认识的，认知过程的imprison vt.限制，束缚，关押，监禁mundane a.普通的，平凡的，平淡无奇的，世俗的，尘世的exotic a.外国产的，外国来的，奇异的，别致的，异乎寻常的endow vt.赋予，认为具有某种品质trivial a.没意思的，不严重的，没价值的，琐碎的multicultural a.多元文化的，多种文化融合的ambiguity n.模棱两可，不明确circumference n.圆周，周长，周边latitude n.纬度longitude n.地球的经度renaissance n.复兴，重新流行，欧洲十四世纪至十六世纪的文艺复兴时期facet n.（情形或某人性格的）某一方面insular a.与世隔绝的，思想狭义的，固步自封的drawback n.不足，欠缺jet lag飞行时差综合症，时差反应cornerstone n.基础，根本，基石，奠基石on sale 廉价出售的Be saturated with充满充斥Trade..for..用。
英汉互译Chapter-3-Conversion-of-Parts-of-Speech
e.g. ① I respect their views, but I deeply believe in the correctness of my decision.
我尊重他们的看法，但我相信我的决定是正确的． ② We found difficulty in solving this problem.
② 那家伙笨得出奇。
That fellow is a typical fool.
③你说他傻不傻？
Don’t you think he is an idiot?
3. Pronouns converted into nouns
e.g. : ① Radio waves are similar to light waves except that their wave length is much greater.
我们发现解决这个问题是困难的． ③ I’m not a stranger in the city, you cannot cheat me. 我对这个城市不陌生，你骗不了我．
④ There is a limit to one’s youth, but no limit to his wisdom. 青春是有限的，但智慧是无穷的。
eg: ① Naughty children cannot always be punished. 调皮的孩子不应该总受到惩罚。
② Mary maybe being interviewed at this very moment, you should not knock at the door.
③ The life of the unemployed is very hard.
新视野大学英语3第一课单词讲解
•vacant
• 英['veɪk(ə)nt] 美['vekənt]
•
空
四级爆炸性 词汇
• 1.空的;空白的 • By the end of the game, the stadium was almost vacant. 到比赛结束的时候,体育馆几乎空了。 • 2. 空着的,未被占用的 • A vacant apartment in New York City is very difficult to find. 在纽约市内很难找到一所空的公寓住处。 • 3. (职位)空缺的 • That position remains vacant. 那个职位仍旧空着。 • 4. 空闲的,清闲的 • That will leave plenty of hours vacant. 那样的话就有许多空闲时间了。 • 5. (心灵)空虚的;(神情)茫然的;心不在焉的;愚蠢的 • She has a vacant look. 她脸上没有表情。 •
• 我们必须信守正义的原则。
• We tangled（纠缠） heatedly over the justice of the war. • 我们就这场战争的正义性激烈地争了起来。
•inseparable
• 英[ɪn'sep(ə)rəb(ə)l] 美[ɪn'sɛprəbl] • adj. [数] 不可分割的；不能分离的 • n. 不可分离的事物；形影不离的朋友
• beneath
• 英[bɪ'niːθ] 美[bɪ'niθ] • prep. 在…之下 • adv. 在下方
• WHAT LIES BENEATH
• • 是由罗伯特· 赞米基斯导演拍摄的恐怖、悬 念片。主演有哈里森· 福特，米歇尔· 菲佛， 米兰达· 奥托等。 • 2000年7月21日在美国上映
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• “Proper words in proper place make the true definition of style.” • 合适的词用在合适的地方就是好文章。 • ——Jonathan Swift
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• We have been working all day. We must have a break. • 我们干了一整天了，必须休息 休息一下。 休息 • Suddenly the line went limp. “I am going back.” Said Smith. “We must have a break somewhere. Wait for me. I’ll be back in five minutes.” • 引爆线突然耷拉下来。史密斯说：“我回去看 看，一定是某个地方断了线 断了线。等一下，我五分 断了线 钟就回来。”
词语的翻译——词义的选择 第三章 词语的翻译 词义的选择
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3.1 词义的选择
英汉两种语言都有一词多类、一词多义的现象。一词 多类就是指一个词往往属于几个词类，具有几个不同的意义。 一词多义就是说同一个词在同一个词类中，又往往有几个不 同的词义。在英汉翻译过程中，我们在弄清原句结构后就要 善于选择和确定原句中关键词的词义。选择和确定词义 选择和确定词义通常 选择和确定词义 从以下几个方面着手：
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词语的翻译——词义的选择 第三章 词语的翻译 词义的选择
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再如“take （off）这一动词： 1) To take off her boots or to put them on was an agony to her, but it had been an agony for years. 脱鞋或穿鞋对她是一种痛苦，但这已经是多年以来的 痛苦了。 2) The flyers practiced taking off time after time from this restricted space. 飞行 人员反复地在一块有限空地上练习起飞。
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Methods
• Based on the speech of the word • Based on the context and the logical relations • Based on the commendatory term or derogatory term • collocation
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• I can’t find good words for it. 合适的语言来表达。 • 我找不到合适的 合适的 • It was a good morning; there were high white clouds above the mountain. • 这是一个明媚的 明媚的早晨，群山上高高地飘着白云。 明媚的 • The cheques are all good, of course. • 当然，这些支票是完全有效的 有效的。 有效的
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词语的翻译——词义的选择 第三章 词语的翻译 词义的选择
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但在下面例句中，like又分属其他几个不同词类： 1) He likes mathematics more than physics. 他喜欢数学甚于喜欢物理学。（动词） 2) In the sunbeam passing through the window there are fine grains of dust shining like gold. 在射入窗内的阳光里，细微的尘埃象金子一般在闪闪发光。 （前置词） 3) Like knows like. 英雄识英雄。（名词）
3）took the brake off， took 20 percent off. 松开刹车 优惠百分之二十
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• He halted in the district where by night are found the lightest street, hearts, vows and librettos. 最明亮的街道 • 在一个市区停下脚步，那里晚上有最明亮的街道， 在一个市区停下脚步，那里晚上有最明亮的街道， 最愉快的心情 最轻率的盟誓和最轻松的歌曲 心情， 的盟誓和最轻松的歌曲。 最愉快的心情，最轻率的盟誓和最轻松的歌曲。 • Who is a good Christian, a good parent, child, wife or husband… • 真的是虔诚的教徒，慈爱的父母，孝顺的儿女，尽 真的是虔诚的教徒，慈爱的父母 孝顺的儿女 虔诚的教徒 父母， 儿女， 丈夫， 职的丈夫 贤良的妻子 《名利场》杨必译) 职的丈夫，贤良的妻子 (《名利场》杨必译
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As a demanding boss, he excepted total loyalty and dedication from his employees. 他是个苛刻的老板，要求手下的人对他忠心耿耿，鞠躬 尽瘁。（贬） Those who do not remember the past are condemned to relive it. 凡是忘掉过去的人注定要重蹈覆辙。（贬） "He was polite and always gave advice willingly," she recalled. 她回忆说，“他彬彬有礼，总是诲人不倦。”（褒）
Letter of Recommendation
Certificate An Oral Message
Resume Schedule
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词语的翻译——词义的选择 第三章 词语的翻译 词义的选择
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3.1.2. 根据上下文联系以及词在句子中的搭配关系来选择 和 确 定 词 义 （ Based on the context and the
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• Each time he gave the bartender a good tip. • 每次他都给酒保优厚的 优厚的小费。 优厚的 • I do not speak without good evidence. • 我不会说没有可靠 可靠根据的话。 可靠 • It was a good paper. • 这是一家声誉很高 声誉很高的报纸。 声誉很高
• 路上浮尘早已刮净，剩下一条洁白的大道 路上浮尘早已刮净，剩下一条洁白的大道 洁白的 车夫也跑得更快。 来，车夫也跑得更快。 • By now the loose dust had all been blown away, leaving the roadway clean and the rickshaw man quickened his pace. (鲁迅 鲁迅 一件小事》 杨宪益、戴乃迭译) 《一件小事》，杨宪益、戴乃迭译
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• I said sorry, but he didn’t say a word. He just gave me a black look. • 我说了对不起，但他没吭声，只是白了我 我说了对不起，但他没吭声，只是白 一眼。 一眼。 • 只是面带愠色地瞪了我一眼。 只是面带愠色地瞪了我一眼。 面带愠色地瞪了我一眼 • The growing black economy is beginning to worry the government. • 政府已经开始担忧日益增长的“黑色经 政府已经开始担忧日益增长的“黑色经 济”*。 。 • *译注：“黑色经济”指国家经济中隐藏的 译注： 黑色经济” 译注 私人现金交易的部分。 私人现金交易的部分。 6
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3.1.1 根据词在句中的词类来选择 和确定词义（ 和确定词义（Based on the speech of the word）
选择某个词的词义，首先要判明这个词在 原句中应属哪一种词类，然后再进一步确 定其词义。例如： Like charges repel. Unlike charges attract. （同性相斥，异性相吸）
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3.1.3 Based on the commendatory term or derogatory term • 任何语言都有语体之分，有文雅、通俗、粗野； 还有俚语、公文语以及术语等。文学作品中，作 家通过不同的语体来刻划任务性格特征。翻译时， 必须审其雅俗，量其轻重，这样才能恰如其分地 表达原文的精神。翻译时有五要素：节奏的缓急， 节奏的缓急， 节奏的缓急 态度的褒贬，感情的浓淡，语气的轻重和用语的 态度的褒贬，感情的浓淡， 雅俗。 雅俗。 • Examples
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根据上下文确定词义的褒贬(2) • The enemy killed one of our comrades and we killed an enemy agent. • 敌人杀了 杀了我们一个同志，我们宰了一个敌特。 杀了 宰 • An aggressive country is always ready to start a war. • 一个好侵略 好侵略的国家总是准备挑起战争。 好侵略 • An aggressive young man can go far in this firm. • 一个富有进取心 富有进取心的年轻人在这家公司前途无量。 富有进取心
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• It was a good dinner. • 这是一个丰盛的 丰盛的宴会。 丰盛的 • He proved to be a good listener. • 他这个人善于 善于倾听别人说话。 善于 • Tom must be a good football player. • 汤姆一定是个优秀的 优秀的足球队员。 优秀的
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根据上下文确定词义的褒贬(1)
• They incited him to go into further investigation • 他们鼓励 鼓励他做进一步的调查。 鼓励 • The plotters incited the soldiers to rise against their officers. • 阴谋家煽动 煽动士兵们造军官的反。 煽动