中考英语完形填空与阅读知识点解析与练习

中考英语完形填空与阅读知识点解析与练习（一）知识概要完形填空是一种在语意封闭的情况下考察学生阅读能力及掌握语言基础知识能力的综通过逻辑思维，联系上下文，推断出可能的答案。

然后再从所给选择答案中逐空选出在通读全文时脑海中已出现的答案填入空内。

试推想在小学五六年级时去读"西游记"，"水浒传"，你也并非每个字都认得，每句话都能真正理解。

但你还是可以明了全文的意思，读得有滋有味。

这就是语言能力。

所以完形填空考查的就是你能否在缺字，不认得字、词语的情况下，能否全面理解文章的正确意思，然后选入适当的词语。

在选择后还要前后彼此呼应反复验证所选答案。

有时答案一时不易验证，不要急于顺序填写，可能在填出后面答案时，而得到前面的答案。

有时则需运用所学的词法、句法、时态和固定搭配等知识对4个选项进行分析，所选答案是否能使全文流畅，逻辑推理是否正确。

②具体实事是否成立，前后关系是否理顺。

③语法是否正确，其中包括时态的选择、词汇选择、固定搭配等。

在通读全文时最好在可能的条件下将所选答案填入文章中，反复阅读。

而不要在文章空中只写选项的代号，这样影（１）重视首句，首段的开篇启示作用，读懂了第一句，或第一段有可能预测到全篇大意。

（２）一定要顾及上下文间的语意联系。

在完形填空的设计中，一般是以语义为第一要素同时兼顾语法。

有的4个选项单独填入这个单句中全是正确的，但拿到文中从下文联系起来（３）要坚持语意第一的原则，而语法应放于第二位。

完形填空形式上是一种单项选择式的考察。

但实质上也是一种阅读能力和学生重建文意能力的考察。

它一般是利用语法的正确性与内容排斥性的矛盾而命题的。

所给答案大都是离开上下文均可说得通的。

但语意上辩析、It took Charlie Mui several months to save up seven dollars He wanted to ______ a modelplane and went to the shop with the moneyA sellB buyC holdD bring这里肯定需要一个动词，所给答案也都是动词，但只能从意义上考虑而选B（４） 要认真注意细节，做到语法正确。

一些答案在意义上讲都是正确的，但从线索上看Ｍr Evans is an old man of about sixty His wife died a few years agoHis children ______ him by thenAleft Bwould leave Chave left Dhad left答案应为D 。

这句话正确的语意都是"离开"，但仔细发现有 by then 之说，由此可得出这是个动作的截止时间，应选为 had left（１）A young father was visiting an old neighbour They were standing in the old man's gardenand talking about ______Atrees Bflowers Cchildren Dold people那么他们谈论的中心是什么呢?可能是树、花，由于他们是在花园里谈论。

但如果前后的段（２）One night the dog began to bark suddenly It made Mr Erens ______ ①______tosleepHe had to get up and tried his______ ② ______to stop it ， but the beastwouldn't stop ， and kept on ______ ③ ______① A go not B not go C not to go Dto not go② A well B good C better D best③ A bark Bto bark Cbarking D barked以上3中根据句子结构，要填一个宾语补足语。

而动词 make 后面的定语补足语应省去不定式符号 to ， 且其否定式 ＋ not ，即不定式的否定式为 not to do ， 而省去 to 后则应为 not do ． 在动词前直接＋ notBMrErens 尽力地阻止狗叫，所以应选D 。

try one's best是 keep on doing something 连续不断之意，应选 ing 的动词形式。

其答案为C（３）完形填空所给的词往往是不同类的，这就要求对不同词类作不同考虑。

如果所缺的是动词，那么首先在选择语意正确的前提下，考虑动词的时态、语态和是否是要填入非谓语动词。

若是介词或副词则要考虑是否固定搭配，以及介词、副词在结构和意义上的选择。

若是连词，则应更多地从句子结构和上下文的连接上选择。

若是代词，则应考虑性、数、格等方面，以例如：A man and his wife had a small bar near a station They often worked late into the night，______ ①______ people came to drink there while they were ______ ②______ trains At two o'clock one morning，one man was still at a table in the small bar He was asleep The bar man's wife wanted to leave She looked ______ ③______the bar several times，and each time the man was ______ ④______ there Then at last she went to her husband and said to him，"You ______ ⑤______ that man six times，George ，______ ⑥______he isn't drinking anything"①A as soon as B because C so D though②A catching up with B getting on C looking after D waiting for③A at B for C into D out of④A always B often C still D already⑤A have woken B wake C had woken D will wake⑥A and B but C yet D too从文中看，第一选项，由于给了不同的连词，从意义选择应为B。

第二选项均为分词形式，也应从语意上选择，其答案是D。

第三选项给了四个介词，而into 则是从外向里观看，所以应选C。

第四项是副词still 意为仍然，从意义上应选择C。

而第五项所给的是同个动词，只是时态不同。

从故事情景看，只能选完成时态A。

而最后一个选项是连词，由于句意则只能用but从目前完形填空初中阶段的考察看，除语意第一外，更多地选择了单词的用法及意义，动词的时态，短语和惯用法等。

为此，要做好完形填空题目，除有较好的阅读能力外，更要有扎它是目前条件下考查学生英语运用能力的常规题型之一，也是分值最高的题型之一。

学生的阅读理解能力如何，标志着学生继续深入学习的潜力有多大，它是集语法，词汇，逻辑推理背景知识于一体的综合语言能力的测试。

它除对学生的阅读理解的正确性进行测试外，同时如何做好阅读理解题呢?首先要求考生有足够的基础知识和较好的阅读速度以及技巧方面的1如上所述，阅读过程是一个综合作用的过程，为此阅读的测试就不能仅将着眼点放在语言结构的测试上，而是通过看，通过阅读获取信息的能到：①文章说的是什么事情(即中心思想是什么)。

②事情发生的时间、地点、人物是什么。

③作者所持态度如何。

④时间、数字、地点、人物等。

有些信息如作者的态度，事件的结论，中心思想，文章的标题，则需通过文中线索，说明信息等等去分析推断才能获取。

而这些说明性及内隐性的信息正是阅读理解的测试重点内容。

而其难点在于理解、推断、得出结论时，应从英语国家的风俗习惯、语言习惯、宗教信仰、民族问题等方面来考虑，而不是仅从中国人的语言习惯来作推论。

例：John drove a taxi through the busy streets of Boston every day John was____________A a managerB a driverC a policemanD a dustman由此我们应能由drive a taxi例：Mrs Barker's sister was ill She had someone to look after her from Monday to Friday，but not at the weekend，so every Friday evening Mrs Baker used to go off to spend the weekendat her home in a neighboring town This meant that Mr Baker …First he had to drive home from the station Then he had to drive his wife to the station to catch her train Whowas ill? ____________A Mr BakerB Mrs BakerC Mr Baker's sisterD Mrs Baker's sister［答案］D.从中考阅读命题中，由于考虑到考生的能力有限，和大部分学生毕业的要求，语言结构的测试占很大一部分比重。

但对于要考入重点中学的学生来讲，仅仅几分较高要求的题目可能会Like many other families in 1870，Katie Olson and her family had come to the grassy plains ofKansas Katie liked the prairie and their new sold house But with no friends to play with，she was very lonely Besides her mother and father ， she had only her little brother ， Matt ，for company She missed their old home in WisconsirThen one day her father hadexciting newsSome settlers had bought the farm near the Olson's landKatie became soexcited on hearing the news that she thought she might burst She begged her father to let herride over with him to greet their new neighbors The two rode across the prairieTheyfound Mr and Mrs Laski were hard at working building their sod home Katie wasdisappointedShe had hoped there would be some children to play with But soon MrLaski called out " Anna ， and Carl, come out of the wagon" A boy and a girljumpeddown and came over to Katie Katie didn't believe itHer wish had come true1 Who was the most important person in the story?A Matt BKatie CMr Laski DAnna and Carl2 What was Katie's problem in the story?A She had no friend. BShe didn't like Kansas.CShe couldn't ride a horse. D She didn't like Anna and Carl.从上文中看，信息的获得不是直接的，而是必须通过整个文章的阅读，理清人物关系，掌握中心思想，才能作出正确的判定。