1996 Part 4 translation
浪漫电影英文短句带翻译
In "Moulin Rouge!," this line expresses the profound significance of experiencing love and being loved in return. It encapsulates the beauty and fulfillment that love brings into people's lives.
7. "After all... I'm just a girl, standing in front of a boy, asking him to love her." - Notting Hill (1999)
Translation: “毕竟……我只是一个站在男孩面前，请求他爱她的女孩。” - 诺丁山（1999）
博士研究生英语综合教程第二版
新编研究生英语系列教程博士研究生英语综合教程（第二版/教师用书）北京市研究生英语教学研究会主编陈大明徐汝舟副主编刘宁王焱华许建平编者赵宏凌邹映辉杨凤珍来鲁宁张剑柳君丽曹莉郑辉中国人民大学出版社KEY TO THE EXERCISESUnit One ScienceText 1 Can We Really Understand Matter?I. Vocabulary1. A2. B3. A4. C5. D6. B7. B8. CII. Definition1. A priority2. Momentum3. An implication4. Polarization5. the distance that light travels in a year, about 5.88 trillion miles or 9.46 trillion km.6. a contradictory or absurd statement that expresses a possible truth7. a device that speeds up charged elementary particles or ions to high energiesIII. Mosaic1. The stress: (Omitted)Pronunciation rule: An English word ended with–tion or –sion has its stress on the last syllable but one.2. molecule3. A4. B5. C6. B7. A8. AIV. TranslationA.(Refer to the relevant part of the Chinese translation)B.In September 1995, anti-hydrogen atom—an anti-matter atom—was successfullydeveloped in European Particle Physics Laboratory in Switzerland. After the startling news spread out, scientists in the West who were indulged in the research of anti-matter were greatly excited. While they were attempting to produce and store anti-matter as the energy for spacecraft, they raised a new question: Many of the mysterious nuclear explosions in the recent one hundred years are connected with anti-matter. That is to say, these hard-to-explain explosions are tricks played by anti-mat ter. They are the “destruction”phenomenon caused by the impact between matter and anti-matter.V. GroupingA.Uncertainty:what if, illusory, indescribable, puzzle, speculation, seemingly, in some mysterious wayB.Contrast:more daunting, the hardest of hard sciences, do little to discourage, from afar, close scrutiny, work amazingly wellC. Applications of Quantum mechanics:the momentum of a charging elephant, building improved gyroscopes1. probabilities2. illusory3. discourage4. scrutinyVI. Topics for Discussion and Writing(Omitted)WRITING•STRATEGY•DEFINITIONI. Complete the following definitions with the help of dictionaries.1. To bribe means to influence the behavior or judgment of others (usually in positions ofpower) unfairly or illegally by offering them favors or gifts.2. Gravity is defined as the natural force by which objects are attracted to each other,especially that by which a large mass pulls a smaller one to it.3. The millennium bug refers to the computer glitch that arises from an inability of thesoftware to deal correctly with dates of January 2000 or later.4. Globalization is understood as the development so as to make possible internationalinfluence or operation.II. Write a one-paragraph definition of the following words.1. hypothesisA hypothesis is an idea which is suggested as a possible way of explaining facts,proving an argument, etc. Through experiments, the hypothesis is either accepted as true (possibly with improvements) or cast off.2. scienceScience is defined as the intellectual and practical activity encompassing the systematic study of the structure and behavior of the physical and natural world through observation and experiment.3. superstitionSuperstition refers to a belief which is not based on reason or fact but on old ideas about luck, magic, etc. For example, it is a common superstition that black cats are unlucky.4. pessimismPessimism is a tendency to give more attention to the bad side of a situation or to expect the worst possible result. A person with pessimism is a pessimist who thinks that whatever happens is bad.5. individualismIndividualism is the idea that the rights and freedom of the individual are the most important rights in a society. It has a bad sense in that little attention is paid to the rights of the collective or a good one in that independence is emphasized rather than dependence on others.Text 2 Physics Awaits New Options as Standard Model IdlesI. Vocabulary1. C2. A3. B4. A5. C6. D7. D8. BII. Definition1. A refrain2. A spark3. A jingle4. Symmetry5. develops or studies theories or ideas about a particular subject.6. studies the origin and nature of the universe.7. studies the stars and planets using scientific equipment including telescopes.III. Mosaic1. gravity2. anti-/opposite3. D4. B5. A6. A7. B8.AIV. TranslationA.(Refer to the relevant part of the Chinese translation)B.The Standard Model of particle physics is an unfinished poem. Most of the pieces are there,and even unfinished, it is arguably the most brilliant opus in the literature of physics. With great precision, it describes all known matter – all the subatomic particles such as quarks and leptons –as well as the forces by which those particles interact with one another.These forces are electromagnetism, which describes how charged objects feel each other’s influence: the weak force, which explains how particles can change their identities, and the strong force, which describes how quarks stick together to form protons and other composite particles. But as lovely as the Standard Model’s description is, it is in pieces, and some of those pieces – those that describe gravity – are missing. It is a few shards of beauty that hint at something greater, like a few lines of Sappho on a fragment of papyrus. V. GroupingA.Particle physics:supersymmetry, equation, superpartners, stringB.Strangeness:bizarre, beyond the ken ofC.Antonyms:gravity–antigravity1. novelty2. revelatory3. Symmetry4. gravityVII. Topics for Discussion and Writing(Omitted)WRITING • STRATEGY• EXEMPLIFICATION AN D ILLUSTRATION(Omitted)Text 3 Supporting ScienceI. Vocabulary1. D2. C3. A4. C5. C6. A7. B8. A9. C 10. D 11. B 12. AII. Definition1. A portfolio2. A vista3. Cryptography4. Paleontology5. a business or an undertaking that has recently begun operation6. a group of people having common interests7. a person with senior managerial responsibility in a business organizationIII. Rhetoric1. pouring money into2. column3. unbridled4. twilight5. blossomed intoIV. Mosaic1. phenomenon criterion datum medium(because these words originated from Latin and retain their Latin plural form)2. A3. A4. B5. B6. B7. C8. BV. TranslationA.(Refer to the relevant part of the Chinese translation)B. The five scientists who won the 1996 Nobel Prize point out that the present prosperityand development are based on the fruits of basic scientific research and the negligence of basic scientific research will threaten human development of the 21st century.EU countries noticed that one of their weaknesses is “insufficient investment in research and development.” Korea and Singapore do not hesitate to pour money into research and development. The developed countries in the West have used most of the scientific and technological development resources for the research and development of new and high technology. This has become an obvious trend at present. It is evident from the experiences of various countries that new and high technology can create and form new industries, open up and set up new markets. The innovation of traditional industries with new and high technology is a key method to strengthen the competitive competency of an enterprise.VI. Grouping:A.Negligence of basic research:corporate breakups, cut back on research, ignore it, subject to a protracted dissection and review, second-guessing, dropped dramatically, subjected to a scrutiny, skirling our supportB.Significant examples of basic research:computing, biotechnology, the Internet, number theory, complex analysis, coding theory, cryptography, dinosaur paleontology, genetics research)C.Ways to intensify arguments:moved support for science from a “want to have” squarely into the “need to have”column1. resounding2. second-guessing3. downsized4. subjectedVII. Topics for Discussion and Writing(Omitted)WRITING • STRATEGY • COMPARISON, CONTRAST, AND ANALOGY (Omitted)Text 4 Why Must Scientists Become More Ethically Sensitive Than They Used to Be?I. Vocabulary1. B2. B3. A4. C5. B6. D7. D8. A9. D 10. B 11. B 12. DII. Definition1. A constraint2. Algorithm3. A prerequisite4. Ethics5. an important topic or problem for debate or discussion6. a person’s principles or standards of behaviour; one’s judgement of what is important inlife.7. a formal plan put forward for consideration to carry out a projectIII. Rhetoric1. brushed under the carpet2. smell3. hands and brains4. battle front5. module . . . moduleIV. Mosaic1. /z/ /s/ /s/ /z/ /s//s/ /iz/ /z/ /s/ /z//iz/ /z/ /s/ /z/ /z//z/ /s/ /s/ /z/ /z//s/ after voiceless consonants/z/ after voiced consonants/iz/ after a word ended with –es2. B3. D4. A5. D6. A7. CV. TranslationA.(Refer to the relevant part of the Chinese translation)B. Scientists and medical ethicists advocate the prohibition of human cloning as a way toproduce life. They all agree that human cloning exerts severe threats on human dignity.Social critics point out that cloned children will lack personality and noumenon. G. Annas, professor of health laws in Boston university, points out that “human cloning should be banned because it may fundamentally alter the definition of ourselves.”VI. Grouping:A.The change of attitudes towards ethical consideration:occupy media slots and Sunday supplements, latest battle front, can no longer be swept aside, more sensitiveB.Academic science:a worldwide institutional web, peer review, respect for priority of discovery,comprehensive citation of the literature, meritocratic preferment, smuggle ethical considerations from private life, from politics, from religion, from sheer humanitariansympathyC.Industrial science:intimately involved in the business of daily lifeD.Post-academic science:a succession of “projects”, compound moral risks with financial risks, largely the work ofteams of scientists1. individualistic2. energized3. comprehensive4. heterogeneousVII. Topics for Discussion and Writing(Omitted)WRITING • STRATEGY • CAUSE AND EFFECT(Omitted)Text 5 Beauty, Charm, and Strangeness: Science as MetaphorI. Vocabulary1. B2. A3. C4. B5. C6. B7. A8. B9. A 10. CII. Rhetoric1. pitch2. landscape3. unblinking4. yawn5. wringsIII. Mosaic1.physical poetic political scientific optical atomic2. (Omitted)3. B4. B5. A6. C7. DIV. TranslationA.(Refer to the relevant part of the Chinese translation)B. There are only two forms of human spiritual creation: science and poetry. The formergives us convenience; and the latter gives us comfort. In more common words, the former enables us to have food to eat when we are hungry; and the latter makes us aware that eating is something more than eating, and it is very interesting as well. To have science without poetry, atomic bomb will be detonated; to have poetry without science, poets will starve to death.Scientists should not despise poets; and poets should not remain isolated from scientists.If the two fields conflict each other, human beings would be on the way to doom. In fact, the greatest scientists like Newton, Einstein and Mrs. Currie were all endowed with poetic spirit.I assert that in observing the apple falling to the ground, Newton not only discovered thegravity of the earth, he also wrote a beautiful poem.V. GroupingA.Human reason:guilty of hubris, cramped imagination, commonsense logic, an ignorant manB.Differences between art and science:different in their methods and in their ends, a scientific hypothesis can be proven, new combinations of old materials, transform the ordinary into extraordinary, a practical extension into technology, the sense of an endingC.Similarities between art and science:in their origin, quest to reveal the world1. indistinguishable2. transform3. poetic4. extension5. subdueVI. Topics for Discussion and Writing(Omitted)WRITING • STRATEGY • DIVISION AND CLASSIFICATIONI. Organize the following words into groups.People: physician; driver; boxer; mother; teacherSchools: school; college; institute; kindergarten; universityColors: brown; purple; violet; black; yellowPrepositions: along; toward; upon; without; intoVerbs:listen; read; write; hear; lookII. Complete the following lists.1. College students can be classified according to:A.academic achievementB.attitude toward politics, friendship, etc.C.sexD.heightE.place of originF.value of lifeG.major2. Transportation means can be classified according to:A.speedB.sizeeD.fuelfortF.historyG.water, land, or airIII. Write a paragraph of classification on the books which you like to read.(Omitted)Text 6 Is Science Evil?I. Vocabulary1. C2. A3. D4. B5. B6.A7. C8. C9. D 10. AII. Definition1. Canon2. Validity3. A premise4. Disillusionment5. the process of establishing the truth, accuracy, or correctness of something6. a mode of thinking based on guessing rather than on knowledgeIII. Mosaic1. 1) / / illusion dis-=not -ment=noun ending2) / / science pseudo-=false3) / / conscious -ness=noun ending4) / / question -able=adjective ending5) / / extenuate -ation=noun ending6) / / indict -ment=noun ending7) / / rebut -al=noun ending8) / / perpetrate -ion=noun ending9) / / problem -ic=adjective ending10) / / dissolute -ion=noun ending2. Para. 13: Only when scientific criticism is crippled by making particulars absolute can aclosed view of the world pretend to scientific validity –and then it is a falsevalidity.Para.14: Out of dissatisfaction with all the separate bits of knowledge is born the desire to unite all knowledge.Para. 15: Only superficially do the modern and the ancient atomic theories seem to fit into the same theoretical mold.1) Para. 13: Only + adverbial clause of time + inverted orderPara. 14: Prepositional phrase + inverted orderPara. 15: Only + adverb + inverted order2) Inverted order is used to emphasize.3. C4. B5. A6. CIV. TranslationA.(Refer to the relevant part of the Chinese translation)B. At present there exist two conflicting tendencies towards the development of science andtechnology. The opponents of science hold that the development of modern science has not brought blessings to human beings, instead it has brought human beings to the very edge of disaster and peril. On the other hand, the proponents of scientific and technological progress maintains that the crises facing human beings today—such as environmental pollution, ecological unbalance, natural resource exhaustion—are the natural consequences of the development of science, and the solution to which lies in the further development of science. Both of the above tendencies are reasonable in a sense with their respective one-sided view. If we view the development of modern science and technology from the point of view of our times and with dialectic viewpoints, we can find out that the problem facing modern science and technology is not how to understand the progress of modern science and technology, but how to find out the theoretical basis for the further development of science and technology in order to meet the needs of the times.V. GroupingA.Attitudes toward science:expect to be helped by science and only by science, the superstition of science, the hatred of science, the one great landmark on the road to truthB.Characteristics of science:powerful authority, solve all problems, thoroughly universalC.Scientific knowledge:a concrete totality, cannot supply us with the aims of life, cannot lead usD.Contrast between ancient and modern science:progress into the infinite, making particulars absolute, not as an end in itself but as a tool of inquiry1. corruption2. totality3. inquiry4. superstition5. landmarkVI. Topics for Discussion and Writing(Omitted)WRITING • STRATEGY • GENERALIZATION AND SPECIFICATIONWRITING • STRATEGY • COMBINATION OF WRITING STRATEGIES (Omitted)Unit Two EngineeringText 7 Engineers’ Dream of Practical Star FlightI. Vocabulary1. D2. C3. B4. D5. A6. C7.CII. Definition1. Annihilation2. A skeptic3. A cosmic ray4. Anti-matter5. A workshop6. the curved path in space that is followed by an object going around another larger object7. any one of the systems of millions or billions of stars, together with gas and dust, heldtogether by gravitational attractionIII. Mosaic1. 闭音节, 字母u 发/ / 的音，如A, C and D.2. (Omitted)3. (Omitted)4. C5. C6. B7. A8. BIV. TranslationA.(Refer to the relevant part of the Chinese translation)B. Human beings have long been attempting sending unmanned devices, called interstellarprobes, into the outer space to understand the changes of climates, geological structures and the living beings on the stars and planets out there. A probe is usually sent into the orbit of the earth by “riding” a spacecraft or carrier rockets. After its orbital adjustments are made, the rocket engine is ignited and the probe continues its journey to the orbit of the other star or planet. With the rocket engine broken off, the probe immediately spreads its solar-cell sails and antenna, controlling its posture with sensors. When convinced that it is in the orbit of the targeted star, the probe starts its propeller and flies to the preset destination.V. GroupingA.Astronomical phenomena:interstellar medium, a wind of particles, galaxy, reserves of comets, the Kuiper Belt,orbit, Pluto, the Oort Cloud, the bombardment photonB.Space equipment:interstellar probe, gravitational lens, chemical rocket, thruster, reflective sailC.To explore the universe:scoop, bend, sampleD.Challenges and solutions in interstellar flights:carry its own supply of propellant, matter-antimatter, nuclear power1. gravitational2. propulsion3. probed4. interstellarVI. Topics for Discussion and Writing(Omitted)WRITING • RHETORIC • SIMILE AND METAPHORI. Complete the following similes with the words given, using one word once only.1. as drunk as a ___ bear 11. as cool as ___ cucumber______2. as faithful as a ___ dog_____ 12. as white as ____ snow ________3. as greedy as ____Jew_____ 13. as cunning as a ____ fox__________4. as rich as _____ king_____ 14. to fight like a ____ _lion_________5. as naked as a ___ frog_____ 15. to act like a stupid __ ass_________6. as red as a _ _lobster_ 16. to spend money like __ water_______7. as beautiful as a _ butterfly__ 17. to eat like a _ wolf________8. as busy as a ____ bee______ 18. to sleep like a _____ log ______9. as firm as a ____ rock _____ 19. to swim like a ____ fish________10. as rigid as a ___stone____ 20. to tremble like a _____ _ leaf_________II. Explain the following metaphors.1. Creaking doors hang the longest.creaking door: anything or anybody in a bad condition2. I could hardly put up with his acid comment.acid comment: bitter remark.3. Her eyes were blazing as she stormed at me.blazing: filled with angerstormed: shouted; screamed4. She burnt with love, as straw with fire flames.burnt with love: extremely excited with love5. The talk about raising taxes was a red flag to many voters.a red flag: a danger signal (that might stop the support of many voters)6. The charcoal fire glowed and dimmed rhythmically to the strokes of bellows.glowed and dimmed: became bright and gloomy7. The city is a jungle where nobody is safe after the dark.a jungle: a disorderly place8. To me he is power—he is the primitive, the wild wolf, the striking rattlesnake, thestinging centipede.the primitive, the wild wolf, the striking rattlesnake, and the stinging centipede: the most terrifying creatureText 8 Blinded By The LightI. Vocabulary1. A2. C3. A4. C5. D6. A7. BII. Rhetoric1. riveted2. pack3. pours4. creepsIII. Mosaic1. 开音节发字母读音, 如A, B and C.2. (Omitted)3. (Omitted)4. C5. D6. D7. C8. AIV. TranslationA.(Refer to the relevant part of the Chinese translation)B. The energy released from nuclear fusion is much more than that from nuclear fission, andthe radioactivity given out from fusion is only one hundredth of that from fission. The major fuel used for nuclear fusion is hydrogen and its isotopes, deuterium and tritium, among which deuterium could be directly extracted from sea water. The energy of deuterium contained in one liter of sea water is equal to 300 liters of petroleum. In the ocean there are about 35,000 billion tons of deuterium, which could be used for more than one billion years. Compared to the fission energy, the fusion energy on the earth is nearly limitless.V. GroupingA. Nuclear-fusion:the doughnut-shaped hollow, reactor, the Tokamak Fusion reactor, fusion, generate, consumeB. Verbs related to nuclear-fusion reaction:ignite, release, stickC. Excitement and cool-down:not a few tears, The experiment is an important milestone, but fusion power is still along way . . . , But no one knows for sure whether…, Even then it will take decades of engineering before…1. nuclear fusion2. repel3. blastVI. Topics for Discussion and Writing(Omitted)W RITING • R HETORIC • METONYMY AND SYNECDOCHEI. Study the uses of metonymy in the following sentences and then put them into Chinese.1.The election benched him in the district court.他在这次竞选中当上了地区法官。
1996年英语专业四级真题试卷.doc
1996年英语专业四级真题试卷[真题] 120Part II LISTENING COMPREHENSION In Sections A、B and C you will hear everything once only.Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your ANSWER SHEET. SECTION A CONVERSATIONS In this section you will hear several conversations. Listen to the conversations carefully and then answer the questions that follow.第1题：Joe went to court because he was a ___.w breakerB.trainee lawyerC.friend of the judgeD.traffic policeman第2题：Where did the speaker think they were supposed to meet?A.On the platform.B.On the train.C.Near the stairs.D.At the information desk.第3题：What is being described?A.Telephone.B.Telegraph.C.Microfilm.D.Microscope.第4题：How long was the coach delayed?A.Three hours and forty-five minutes.B.Five and a half hours.C.Two hours and forty-five minutes.D.Eight hours and fifteen minutes.第5题：What does the speaker imply?A.I want you to have a fully enjoyable holiday.B.Your plans for the trip interest me a lot.C.I think you should arrive according to the plan.D.We are now making plans for your journey.第6题：What does the speaker mean ?A.The shop told me this would happen.B.I didn’t know it would be like this.C.It became smaller but still fits me.D.The cardigan is well worth the price.第7题：When will the writer’s new book be published?A.In the spring.B.In the summer.C.In the autumn.D.In the winter.第8题：What does the speaker mean?A.Travelling by car is more dangerous than by air.B.There are 300 air crashes each year in the US.C.The air crashes each year kill about 50,000 people.D.Travelling by plane is more dangerous than by car.第9题：What does the man mean?A.It’s really nice to have a change.B.They ought to have been changed long ago.C.The curtains are of a wrong colour.D.The curtains are still quite good.第10题：The woman’s usual attitude towards films is ___.A.mixed.B.fascinated.C.enthusiastic.D.disinterested.第11题：According to the conversation, the woman’s sister ___.A.was probably upsetB.had little educationC.always writes like thatually never writes第12题：The man’s purpose in visiting was to ___.A.take a courseB.see the cityC.go to the parkD.take a rest第13题：What does the man indicate?A.Most people like the museum.B.It is difficult to get up early.C.There might be varied opinions.D.It is a problem to get there.第14题：What does the woman mean?A.She does not really need his help.B.She has not started thinking about it yet.C.She is very grateful to the man for his advice.D.She has already talked with the man.第15题：Which of the following best describes the woman’s reaction?A.Overjoyed.B.Confused.C.Surprised.D.Supportive.第16题：The woman is going to the supermarket tomorrow because ___.A.the supermarket is closing down after Christmas.B.the man is going to help her with shopping.C.tomorrow is the only day she is free before Christmas.D.she wants to get enough food for the holiday period.第17题：John is going to France because ___.A.he’ll start a new business in propertiesB.he has been left property thereC.he’s made a fortune with his uncleD.his uncle wants his company there第18题：What happened to the schoolboy?A.He forgot to lock the cold store door.B.He was forced to work throughout the night.C.He caught cold while working at the butcher’s.D.He was locked up by accident in a cold store.第19题：Mr. Warren Christopher ___.A.believes there is hope for peaceB.will report to the UN on ThursdayC.will hold more talks before leaving the regionD.is not sure that the peace process will succeed第20题：With whom did Mr. Christopher NOT meet?A.The Syrian President.B.The PLO leader.C.The Jordanian President.D.The Israeli Prime Minister.第21题：The number of the escaped prisoners is ___.A.6B.5C.1D.7第22题：Following the prison breakout, the Government is to ___.A.restructure the prison serviceB.discipline some prison officersC.recruit more security staffD.look into security conditions第23题：The aim of the agreement is to ___.A.encourage trade in the regionB.crack down on drug smugglingC.save the declining fishing industryD.strengthen cross-boarder police presence第24题：Which group of people is now taking advantage of the agreement?A.Canadian police.B.Businessmen.C.Drug traffickers.D.Customs officers.第25题：The percentage of cocaine brought through the coast has increased by ___.A.10%B.50%C.60%D.70%PART V READING COMPREHENSION In this section there are several reading passages followed by twenty questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers marked [A]、[B]、[C] and [D]. Choose the one that you think is the correct answer. Mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET.In the past thirty years many social changes have taken place in Britain. The greatest of these have probably been in the economic lives of women.The changes have been significant, but, because tradition and prejudice can still handicap women in their working careers and personal lives, major legislation to help promote equality of opportunity and pay was passed during the 1970s.At the heart of women’s changed role in society has been the rise in the number of women at work, particularly married women. As technology and society permit highly effective and generally acceptable methods of family planning there has been a decline in family size. Women as a result are involved in child-rearing for a much shorter time and related to this, there has been a rapid increase in the number of women with young children who return to work when the children are old enough not to need constant care and attention.Since 1951 the proportion of married women who work has grown from just over a fifth to a half. Compared with their counterparts elsewhereon the Continent, British women comprise a relatively high proportion of the work-force, about two-fifths, but on average they work fewer hours, about 31 a week. There is still a significant difference between women’s average earnings and men’ s, but the equal pay legislation which came into force at the end of 1975 appears to have helped to narrow the gap between women’s and men’s basic rates.As more and more women joined the work force in the 1960s and early 1970s there was an increase in the collective incomes of women as a whole and a major change in the economic role of large numbers of housewives. Families have come to rely on married women’s earnings as an essential part of their income rather than as “pocket money”. At the same time social roles within the family are more likely to be shared, exchanged or altered.第26题：The general idea of the passage is about _________.A.social trends in contemporary BritainB.changes in women’s economic statusC.equal opportunity and pay in BritainD.women’s roles within the family第27题：According to the author, an increasing number of married women are able to work because ______.A.their children no longer require their careB.there are more jobs available nowadaysC.technology has enabled them to find acceptable jobsD.they spend far less time on child care than beforeNature’s Gigantic SnowploughOn January 10,1962, an enormous piece of glacier broke away and tumbled down the side of a mountain in Peru. A mere seven minutes later, when cascading ice finally came to a stop ten miles down the mountain, it had taken the lives of 4000 people.This disaster is one of the most (devastating) examples of a very common event: an avalanche of snow or ice. Because it is extremely cold at very high altitudes, snow rarely melts. It just keeps piling up higher and higher. Glaciers are eventually created when the weight of the snow is so great that the lower layers are pressed into solid ice. But most avalanches occur long before this happens. As snow accumulates on a steep slope, it reaches a critical point at which the slightest vibration will send it sliding into the valley below.Even an avalanche of light power can be dangerous, but the Peruvian catastrophe was particularly terrible because it was caused by a heavy layer of ice. It is estimated that the ice that broke off weighed threemillion tons. As it crashed down the steep mountainside like a gigantic snowplough, it swept up trees, boulders and tons of topsoil, and completely crushed and destroyed the six villages that lay in its path.At present there is no way to predict or avoid such enormous avalanches, but, luckily, they are very rare. Scientists are constantly studying the smaller, more common avalanches, to try to understand what causes them. In the future, perhaps dangerous masses of snow and ice can be found and removed before they take human lives.第28题：The first paragraph catches the reader’s attention with a _____.A.firsthand reportB.dramatic descriptionC.tall taleD.vivid word picture第29题：In this passage devastating means _____.A.violently ruinousB.spectacularly interestingC.stunningD.unpleasant第30题：The passage is mostly about _______.A.avalanchesB.glaciersC.PeruD.mountainsI was born in Tuckahoe, Talbot Country, Maryland. I have no accurate knowledge of my age, never having seen any authentic record containing it. By far the larger part of the slaves know as little of their age as horses know of theirs, and it is the wish of most masters within my knowledge to keep their slaves thus ignorant. I do not remember having ever met a slave who could tell of his birthday. They seldom come nearer to it than planting-time, harvesting, springtime, or fall-time. A lack of information concerning my own was a source of unhappiness to me even during childhood. The white children could tell their ages, I could not tell why I ought to be deprived of the same privilege. I was not allowed to make any inquiries of my master concerning it. He considered all such inquiries on the part of a slave improper and impertinent. The nearest estimate I can give makes me now between twenty-seven and twenty-eight years of age. I come to this, from hearing my master say, some time during1835, I was about seventeen years old.My mother was named Harriet Bailey. She was the daughter of Issac and Betsey Bailey, both coloured, and quite dark. My mother was of a darker complexion than either my grandmother or grandfather.My father was a white man. He was admitted to be such by all I ever heard speak of my parentage. The opinion was also whispered that my master was my father; but of the correctness of this opinion, I know nothing; the means of knowing was withheld from me. My mother and I were separated when I was but an infant—before I knew her as my mother. It is a common custom, in the part of Maryland from which I run away, to part children from their mothers at a very early age. Frequently, before the child has reached its twelfth month, its mother is taken from it, and hired out on some farm a considerable distance off, and the child is placed under the care of an older woman, too old for field labour. For what this separation is done, I do not know, unless it be to hinder the development of the child’s affection towards its mother.第31题：The author did not know exactly when he was born because _______.A.he did not know who his mother wasB.there was no written evidence of itC.his master did not tell his fatherD.nobody on his farm knew anything about it第32题：In the mid-nineteenth century, slaves often ______.A.marked their birthdays by the seasonB.did not really care how old they wereC.forgot the exact time when they were bornD.pretended not to know each other’s birthdays第33题：The author’s mother told him ______.A.his father was blackB.his father was whiteC.nothing about his fatherD.his master was his father第34题：According to the passage, when the author was very young his mother _______.A.run awayB.was light-skinnedC.had several childrenD.was sent to work elsewhere第35题：The author had not spent much time with his ______.A.motherB.masterC.grandfatherD.grandmother第36题：The author was most probably raised ______.A.by his grandparentsB.by an old woman slaveC.with his master's supportD.together with other childrenPlease Recycle That Bobsled Run(大雪橇滑道)For the 1992 Winter Games, French organizers constructed a new motorway, parking lots and runs for skiing in the Alps. Environmentalists screamed “Disaster!” Thus warned, the Norwegians have adopted “green”advice and avoided great blots on the landscape. The speed-skating rink was built to look like an overturned ship, and placed so as not to disturb a bird sanctuary. Dug into a mountainside, the hockey arena is well concealed and energy efficient. The bobsled run is built out of wood not metal and hidden among trees. No wonder the president of the International Olympic Committee has called these the first “Green Games.”Lillehammer’s opening ceremonies featured a giant Olympic Torch burning biogas produced by rotting vegetation. During construction, builders were threatened with $ 7500 fines for felling trees unnecessarily. Rare trees were carefully transplanted from hillsides. Food is being served on potato-based plates that will be fed, in the end, to pigs. Smoking has been banned outdoors as well as in, with enforcement by polite requests.Environmentalists have declared partial victory: though Coca-Cola’s plan to decorate the town with banners has been scaled back, there are still too many billboards for strict green tastes. Perhaps, but after the Games, athlete housing will be converted into vacation homes or shipped to the northlands for student dormitories. Bullets will be plucked from biathlon targets and recycled to keep the lead from poisoning ground water. And these tricks won’t be forgotten. Embarrassed by environmental protests, the IOC claims that green awareness is now entrenched—along with sport and culture—as a permanent dimension of the Olympic Charter.Indeed, Sydney was successful in becoming host for the 2000 Summer Games in pan on the strength of its endorsement from Greenpeace. Aspiringhost cities are picking up the code. Salt Lake City, bidding for the 2002 Games, may opt to use the bobsled run that Calgary built for the ’88 Games. After that, who could deny that recycling is an Olympic movement?第37题：Which of the following countries has not paid enough attention to the “ green” issues?A.Norway.B.France.C.America.D.Australia.第38题：In which area did the environmentalists fail in Lillehammer?A.Energy.B.Smoking.C.Housing.D.Advertising.第39题：Which of the following describes the IOC’s attitude towards the environmentalists’ protests?A.Trying to commit themselves.B.Showing indifference and contempt.C.Arguing for practical difficulties.D.Negotiating for gradual changes.第40题：The 2002 Games might be held in ______.A.OsloB.CalgaryC.SydneyD.Salt Lake CityPART IV GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY There are thirty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A、B、C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET.第41题：You won’ t get a loan ______ you can offer some security.A.lestB.in caseC.unlessD.other than第42题：_______ time, he’ll make a first-class tennis player.A.HavingB.GivenC.GivingD.Had第43题：I _______ the party much more if there hadn’t been quite such a crowd of people there.A.would enjoyB.will have enjoyedC.would have enjoyedD.will be enjoying第44题：This company has now introduced a policy _______ pay rises are related to performance at work.A.whichB.whereC.whetherD.what第45题：He wasn’t asked to take on the chairmanship of the society, _______ insufficiently popular with all members.A.having consideredB.was consideredC.was being consideredD.being considered第46题：This may have preserved the elephant from being wiped out as well as other animals _______ in Africa.A.huntedB.huntingC.that huntedD.are hunted第47题：The office has to be shut down ________ fund.A.being a lack ofB.from lack ofC.to a lack ofD.for lack of第48题：In international matches, prestige is so important that the only thing that matters is to avoid ______.A.from being beatenB.being beatenC.beatingD.to be beaten第49题：As it turned out to be a small house party, we _______ so formally.A.need not have dressed upB.must not have dressed upC.did not need to dress upD.must not dress up第50题：Western Nebraska generally receives less snow than ______ Eastern Nebraska.A.inB.it receives inC.doesD.it does in第51题：______ no cause for alarm, the old man went back to his bedroom.A.There wasB.SinceC.BeingD.There being第52题：The brilliance of his satires was ___ make even his victims laugh.A.so as toB.such as toC.so thatD.such that第53题：If he ______ in that way for much longer he will find himself in thebankruptcy court.A.carries onB.carries offC.carried byD.carded away第54题：Although the false banknotes fooled many people, they did not ______ to close examination.A.look upB.pay upC.keep upD.stand up第55题：He must give us more time, ______ we shall not be able to make a good job of it.A.consequentlyB.otherwiseC.thereforeD.doubtlessly第56题：When there was a short ______ in the conversation, I asked if anyone would like anything to drink.A.blankB.spaceC.pauseD.wait第57题：You can do it if you want to, but in my opinion it’s not worth the ______ it involves.A.effortB.strengthC.attemptD.force第58题：The main road through Littlebury was blocked for three hours today after an accident ______ two lorries.A.involvingB.includingbiningD.containing第59题：Very few scientists _______ with completely new answers to the world’s problems.e toe rounde one up第60题：Hotel rooms must be ______ by noon, but luggage may be left with the porter.A.departedB.abandonedC.vacatedD.displaced第61题：Half the excuses she gives are not true, but she always seems to ______ them.A.get on withB.get away withC.get up fromD.get in on第62题：The ______ physicist has been challenged by others in his field.A.respectableB.respectfulC.respectiveD.respecting第63题：With hundreds of works left behind, Picasso is regarded as a very ______ artist.A.profoundB.productiveC.prosperousD.plentiful第64题：The city suffered _______ damage as a result of the earthquake.A.consideredB.considerateC.considerableD.considering第65题：Undergraduate students have no ______ to the rare books in the school library.A.accessB.entranceC.wayD.pathPART ⅢCLOZE Decide which of the choices given below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks. Mark the best choice for each blank on your ANSWER SHEET.Since 1895 the National Trust( 国家文物信托基金会)has worked for the preservation of places of historic interest and natural beauty in England, Wales and Northern Ireland.Today the Trust—(26)___ is not a government department but a charity depending on the (27)___support of the public and its own members—is the largest landowner and conservation society in Britain.Wherever you go, you are close to land that is protected and(28)___ by the National Trust. Over 350 miles of (29) ___ coastline; 90 000 acres of land, lakes and forest in one area of natural beauty (30)___; prehistoric and Roman ruins; moorlands and farmland, woods and islands; lengths of ( 31 )___ waterways; even seventeen whole villages—all are open to the public at all times subject only(32)___ the needs of fanning, forestry and the protection of wildlife.But the Trust’ s protection (33) ___ further than this. It has in its possession a hundred gardens and(34) ___ two hundred historic buildings which it opens to paying visitors. Castles and churches, houses of (35)___ or historic importance, mills, gardens and parks (36)___ to the Trust by their former owners.Many houses retain their (37)___ contents of fine furniture, pictures, and other treasures accumulated over (38)___, and often the donor himself continues to live in part of the house as a (39)___ of the National Trust. The walking-sticks in the hall, the flowers, silver-framed photographs, books and papers in the rooms are signs that the house is still loved and (40)___ and that visitors are welcomed as private individuals just as much as tourists.第66题：A.itB.whichC.thisD.whether it第67题：A.deliberatepulsoryC.spontaneousD.voluntary第68题：A.maintainedB.watchedC.renewedD.repaired第69题：A.unusedB.underdevelopedC.unwantedD.unspoilt第70题：A.besidesB.nearbyC.aloneD.beyond第71题：A.interiorB.inlandC.insideD.inner第72题：A.byB.atC.toD.on第73题：A.developsB.extendsC.enlargesD.prolongs第74题：A.someB.nearbyC.on averageD.more第75题：A.architecturalB.archetypeC.architectureD.archaeology第76题：A.am givingB.have givenC.been givenD.have been given第77题：A.primitiveB.initialC.elementaryD.original第78题：A.timesB.generationsC.yearsD.age groups第79题：A.residentB.dwellerC.tenantD.housekeeper第80题：A.lived inB.kept overC.resided withD.taken up。
大英四级段落翻译题集
大学英语四级改革新题型段落翻译题Part Ⅳ Translation (30 minutes)(原单句汉译英调整为段落汉译英。
翻译内容涉及中国的历史、文化、经济、社会发展等。
四级长度为140-160个汉字。
)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.中国的传统节庆膳食是节日必不可少的伴侣。
例如，我国的端午节(the Dragon Boat Festival)是纪念古代诗人屈原的日子。
那一天，人们通常要赛龙舟、吃粽子(zongzi)。
中秋节是观赏满月的日子。
圆圆的月亮象征着圆满，象征着家庭团聚。
因此，中秋节(The Mid-autumn Festival)的特制食品是一种圆形的月饼。
春节是中国的农历新年(the Chinese lunar New Year‟s holiday)，除了常见的家禽和肉类之外，人们还要按各自的地方习俗烹制传统食物，如铰子和年糕。
参考答案Traditional Chinese holiday meals are indispensable on some festivals. For example, the Dragon Boat Festival is a day established in memory of the ancient poet Qu Yuan and people usually hold dragon boat races and eat zongzi, or rice dumpling on that day. The Mid-autumn Festival is an occasion for viewing the full moon. The round moon is a symbol for completeness and family reunion. The special food of the day is yuebing, a round cake known as the mooncake. The Spring Festival is the Chinese lunar New Year‟s holiday. Besides the popular poultry and meat, people cook traditional food according to regional customs, for example, jiaozi, or boiled dumplings, and niangao, or the new year cake.难点精析■ 1.中国的传统节庆膳食：翻译为Traditional Chinese holiday meals,其中“节庆膳食”直接译为holiday meals , 即可，翻译时注意“中国的”和“传统”的顺序。
1996年考研英语真题答案及解析
1996年全国攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试英语试题答案与解析PartⅠCloze Test1.C2.D3.A4.B5.C6.A7.D8.B9.C10.APartⅡReading ComprehensionPart APassage111.B12.A13.D14.APassage215.B16.C17.C18.DPassage319.C20.A21.C22.DPassage423.D24.A25.B26.APassage527.D28.B29.B30.APartⅢEnglish-Chinese Translation31.在这些原因中，有些纯属社会需求；另一些则是由于科学上某些特定发展在一定程度上自我加速而产生的必然结果。
32.这种趋势始于第二次世界大战期间，当时一些国家的政府得出结论：政府要向其科研机构提出具体的要求通常是无法详尽预见的。
33.给某些与当前目标无关而将来则可能产生影响的科研予以支持，看来能够有效地解决这个问题。
34.然而，世界就是如此，完美的体系一般而言是无法解决世上某些更加引人入胜的课题的。
35.同过去一样，将来必然出现新的思维方式和新的思维对象，给完美以新的标准。
SectionⅣWriting(15points)36.见分析试题精解PartⅠCloze Test一、文章总体分析本文是一篇介绍维生素的科普性小短文。
文章首段对维生素下定义。
第二段介绍了维生素的两大功能：将食物转化成能量和维持身体健康。
第三段介绍了各种维生素的异同：基本组成元素相同，但排列方式不同，并且各自承担一到多种特殊功能。
第四段指出：不需要获取过量的维生素，均衡的饮食通常就可以完全满足身体对它们的需求了。
二、试题具体解析1.［A］either［B］so［C］nor［D］never［精解］本题考核的知识点是：否定倒装句的连词。
空格前文讲到维生素不能提供能量，是一个否定句；后文讲到它们构建身体的任何部分，是倒装句，因此选项必须既能引导倒装句，又能与前面的否定相呼应。
综合英语教程4课文翻译
包装设计1. 普莱默.安吉列的工作室位于圣弗朗斯斯科一个时尚的街区里, 它看起来就像一件流行艺术的作品。
墙上的一幅喷涂画面上是一个五英尺的香肠正盯着你看。
一块巨大的花岗石被安放在由陈腐的炸面圈垒起的宝塔上。
我疑惑这炸面圈怎么支撑得住花岗石。
安吉列解释说：“这块石头不是真正的花岗石而是一块制型纸板。
2.像在这个地方的许多东西一样，这个炸面圈的宝塔通常是个象征而已。
它不是我们常想的那种艺术作品的样子。
在我们后面的墙上，是安吉列他的员工的作品和那些材料——一排排的空盒子、瓶子、纸板盒和易拉罐。
3. “顾客和包装之间有一种关系”，安吉列说，包装有时被称作“沉默的推销员。
”但它们真正所做的是引诱。
它们把肥皂、发胶、婴儿爽身粉、松饼等普通的东西转变成人们渴望的东西。
它们使我们想买我们并不需要，甚至并不想要的东西。
4. 很快包装就可以使人选择一袋洗涤剂或者一份冻比萨，包装袋一定会尖叫或低语或哀求或威胁或喃喃低语以传达这种产品的美味，价廉，优点和华贵的感觉，清晰明了地吸引我们的注意力。
难怪，在设计、生产和市场推销中，包装领域成蓬勃发展，彼此的关系已经类似艺术和骗局、科学与欺骗。
５．要真正掌握包装的作用，首先设想一下没有包装的世界会是一个什么样子。
设想整个的超市里面装满了相似的品目：白色无菌的牙膏，用蜡纸包装的早餐麦片等等。
这个店里的商品也许和其它地方的商品一样好甚至还要好过别的商家，价格有竞争力，售货员也敏锐，在现今零售店里它的成功是不可能的。
６．市场调查员戴温斯．马森说一个成功的包装是能够创造一个购买者向往的理想意象，渴求真正与自己有关。
比如，当普莱默.安吉列为从意大利进品销往美国的咖啡设计包装的时候，他就不会把穿着邋遢浴袍的美国有形象印在标签上，而美国人确实穿着破旧的浴衣喝大量的咖啡，但是为什么要把这种窘境画在咖啡的包装上呢？所以，在Age li设计的标签上描述的是一对优雅而身着白色外套的夫妇面对面坐在古典而浪漫的环境下的景象。
专业英语八级(翻译)历年真题试卷汇编2(题后含答案及解析)
专业英语八级（翻译）历年真题试卷汇编2(题后含答案及解析) 题型有： 4. TRANSLATIONPART IV TRANSLATION1．“流逝”表现了南国人对时间最早的感觉。
“子在川上曰：逝者如斯夫。
”他们发现无论是潺潺小溪，还是浩荡大河，都一去不复返，流逝之际青年变成了老翁而绿草转眼就枯黄，很自然有惜阴的紧迫感。
流逝也许是缓慢的，但无论如何缓慢，对流逝的恐惧使人们必须用“流逝”这个词来时时警戒后人，必须急匆匆地行动，给这个词灌注一种紧张感。
正确答案：They realized either the flowing stream or mighty rivers are gone forever. They found that as time passed by, youngsters would become old and the green grass wither in almost a blink of an eye. A sense of urgency naturally arose over the elusiveness of time. Time might flow slowly, but no matter how slowly time flowed, the very fear of its transiency compelled people to use the word “passage” to warn the new generations of the necessity of taking prompt action; thus instilling the word with a sense of tension.解析：背景介绍文章选自当代著名作家韩少功1996年出版的《马桥词典》。
这是一部长篇小说，但以词条为引子，讲述了古往今来引人入胜的故事，更像是一部百科全书。
大学英语四级密训教材-翻译和作文
2018年大学英语四级密训班讲义（翻译和写作）陈正康博士编讲翻译翻译部分测试学生把汉语所承载的信息用英语表达出来的能力，所占分值比例为15%，考试时间30分钟。
翻译题型为段落汉译英。
翻译内容涉及中国的历史、文化、经济、社会发展等。
四级长度为140-160个汉字。
本题满分为15分，成绩分为六个档次：13-15分、10-12分、7-9分、4-6分、1-3分和0分。
各档次的评分标准见下表：（1）直译[literal translation]直译是既保持原文内容、又保持原文形式的翻译（2）意译[free translation;paraphrase]意译,也称为自由翻译,它是只保持原Example：He had about as much chance of getting a job as of being chosen mayor of Beijing.My master is dear to me,but still dearer is the truth.Love is dearer to me than life,but for the sake of the success in the postgraduate entrance examinations,both of them may be ignored..Part IV Translation(30minutes)Directions:For this part,you are allowed30minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English.You should write your answer on Answer Sheet2.剪纸（paper cutting）是中国最为流行的传统民间艺术形式之一。
中国剪纸有一千五百多年的历史，在明朝和清朝时期（the Ming and Qing Dynasties）特别流行。
新标准大学英语第四册综合教程课后翻译—Translation
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Active reading 2: Resources
Translation
Translate the paragraphs into Chinese.
Today, while most of us marry for romantic reasons, marriage at its core is still a financial union. So much of what we want – or don’t want – out of life boils down to dollars and cents, whether it’s how hard we choose to work, how much we consume or how much we save.
Active reading 2: Resources
Translation
Translate the paragraph from English into Chinese: If you ask me, real life is not all it’s cracked up to be. Twelve years at school and three years at university, teachers banging on about opportunities in the big wide world beyond our sheltered life as students, and what do I find?
Translation
“A lot of the debates people have about money are code for how we want to live our lives,” said Betsey Stevenson, assistant professor of business and public policy at the University of Pennsylvania’s Wharton School, who researches the economics of marriage and divorce. “A lot of the choices we make in how we want to live our lives involve how we spend our money.”
专八翻译技巧与策略
英译汉评分标准：按照“忠实60% + 通顺40%”的标准整体打分60% + 通顺40%”的标准整体打分汉译英评分标准：按照“忠实IV．翻译(PartIV：Translation)本题分为两项：SectionA及SectionB。
考试时间共计60分钟。
SectionA：A项由一段300词左右的汉语短文所组成，其中有一个150词左右的段落被底线划出。
要求根据上下文将此段落译成英语。
测试要求：汉译英项目要求应试者运用汉译英的理论和技巧，翻译我国报刊杂志上的论述文和国情介绍，以及一般文学作品的节录。
速度为每小时约250汉字。
译文必须忠实原意，语言通顺。
SectionB：B项由一段300词左右的英语短文所组成，其中有一个150词左右的段落被底线划出。
要求根据上下文将此段落译成汉语。
测试要求：英译汉项目要求应试者运用英译汉的理论和技巧，翻译英、美报刊杂志上有关政治、经济、历史、文化等方面的论述文以及文学原著的节录。
速度为每小时约250词。
译文要求忠实原意，语言流畅。
第一节翻译中遵循的标准忠实忠于文章原文的内容，也包括思想、感情、风格等，即把原文完整、准确地在译文中表达出来，且译文风格上应与原文保持一致通顺译文的用词应正确得体，行文流畅，复核目标语的表达习惯，没有逐字逐句的死译货生搬硬套，不会因僵化的“翻译腔”而使译文读起来晦涩难懂，译文语言自然、达意，具有可读性。
第二节理解和表达一：理解原文-------忠实理解是表达的前提，没有正确的理解就没有正确的表达。
考生应该理解原文中的词法和句法结构、修辞手法，以及原文中涉及的文化背景知识等。
如：（1）我的导师是亚裔人，嗜烟好酒(1997)。
[原译] My advisor, an Asian, was addicted to alcohols and cigarettes.[改译] My advisor, an Asian American, was addicted to alcohols and cigarettes.(2) Among prominent summer deaths, one recalls those of Marilyn Monroe and James Dean, whose lives seemed equally brief and complete.在著名的英年早逝者中，我们会想起玛丽莲·梦露和詹姆斯·迪恩，他们的生命都是既短暂又圆满的。
1996年专八翻译讲解
96年专八翻译
在巴黎，名目繁多的酒会，冷餐会是广交朋友的好机会。在这种场 合陌生人相识，如果是亚洲人，他们往往开口之前先毕恭毕敬地用双 手把自己的名片呈递给对方，这好像是不可缺少的礼节。 In paris , numerous wine partis,buffet parties were good chances to make friends extensively . In this kind of place they met strangers.If they were Asians, before their usually talking, they grovellingly gave their name cards with two hands to others,which seemed in dispensable etiquette.
96年专八翻译
在巴黎，名目繁多的酒会， 冷餐会是广交朋友的好机会。 在这种场合陌生人相识，如果 是亚洲人，他们往往开口之前 先毕恭毕敬地用双手把自己的 名片呈递给对方，这好像是不 可缺少的礼节。然而，法国人 一般却都不大主动递送名片， 双方见面寒暄几句，甚至海阔 天空地聊一番也就各自走开， 只有当双方谈话投机，希望继 续交往时，才会主动掏出名片。 二话不说先递名片反倒显得有 些勉强.
In Paris, cocktail parties and buffet receptions of different kinds offer great opportunities for making friends. On such occasions, strangers may get to know each other. If they are Asians, they will, very respectfully and with both hands, present their calling cards to their interlocutors before any conversation starts. This seems to be the required courtesy on their part.
研究生英语核心教程--综合教材(下)第1、3、4单元课后翻译练习答案
Unit 1 TranslationI.Put the following Chinese expressions into English.1）暴力犯罪violent crimes2）判终生监禁be sentenced to life in prison3）辩护律师defense lawyer4）不服罪plead not guilty5) 被起诉be prosecuted6）守法公民law-abiding citizen7）通缉要犯most wanted criminals8）法网恢恢，疏而不漏Justice has long armsII.Put the following Chinesse sentences into English with the words or phrases in the brackets.1）我花了一个小时计算那道题但还是算错了。
(get it wrong)I spent one hour working out the problem and yet I got it wrong.It took me one hour to work out the problem and yet I got it wrong.2）人们塑了一个雕像以纪念这位诗人的百年诞辰。
(commemorate)They erected a sculpture of the poet to commenmorate the 100th anniversary of his birthday.3）警察直升飞机被叫来搜索在三周内洗劫五个加油站的武装劫匪。
(call in)Police helicopters were called in to search for the armed robbers who had ransacked five gas stations in the previous three weeks.4）他是否给那些即将开始表演生涯的人们一些忠告？(embark)Did he give any advice to those who had just embarked on a stage career in their life?5）正当他们对下一步行动感到迷茫时，总部来电说他们现在的搜寻是徒劳无益的。
(完整word版)上海高考英语翻译题与答案
Directions：Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets。
1、格林先生本周日要去拜访一位朋友，此人精通理财之道。
(who）2、人们是否会推迟退休还有待于讨论(remain）。
3、无论任务多么艰巨，我们都要不遗余力地完成。
（However）4、许多公司在雇佣员工时,相对于能力而言，更看重个性。
（emphasis）5、如果双方在这些事务上能达成共识，就有可能在新的领域进一步合作.（If...)1、Mr. Green is going to visit\see a friend this Sunday, who knows a lot about money matters.2、It remains to be discussed whether people will delay retiring. /Whether people will delay retiring remains to be discussed。
3、However hard the task is, we should spare no efforts to accomplish it。
4、Many companies put more emphasis on personality than on capability when they employ staff members。
5、If both the parties can agree on these issues， they are likely to further cooperate （have further cooperation)in the new field。
Directions：Translate the following sentences into English， using the words given in the brackets.1。
1996年英语一真题翻译
1997 年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题文章翻译Part I (略)Part II Cloze Test饮食中含有的少量有机化合物—维生素，是促进动物（包括人）正常发育和维系生命的必需成分。
维生素既不提供热量，也不能构建身体的某个部分。
它们被用来将食物转化为能量并维持身体的健康。
维生素至少有十三种，如果缺乏任何一种，缺乏症疾病就会表现出来。
各种维生素都比较相似，因为它们由同样的元素组成—通常是碳、氢、氧，有时还有氮。
它们之间的不同之处在于每种维生素内部的元素排列方式不同，并且每种元素在人体内承担一种或多种具体功能。
尽管获取过量的维生素对身体没有营养价值，但获得足够的维生素对人的生命是至关重要的。
然而，很多人出于安全考虑，还是摄取额外的维生素。
不过，实际上均衡的饮食通常就可以完全满足身体对维生素的需求了。
Part ⅢReading ComprehensionPassage 1出言谨慎的年长者过去总说：“重要的不是在这个世界上你想要什么，而是你得到了什么。
”心理学教导人们，如果你知道自己需要什么、并且要求合理，你就能得到它。
你可以在头脑里勾画出愿望的蓝图，如同设计房屋的蓝图一样。
而我们每个人在日常生活中都在不停地勾画着这样的愿望蓝图。
比方说，想请朋友吃晚餐，我们就会筹划菜谱、列购物单、决定先煮什么菜等，这样的筹划对于举行任何形式的宴请都是必不可少的。
同样，如果你想找一份工作，那就拿一张纸，写一份对自我的简单描述吧。
为找工作制订计划蓝图时，要从你自己开始，因为只有当确切知道你可以提供什么服务时，你才能明智地筹划到哪儿去推销它们。
对自我的描述实际上是对你的职业生涯的简介，它应包括教育背景、经验和证明材料。
这样的描述是很有价值的，在填写标准的申请表格时可作为参照，在面试时更是尤为有用。
在与你面谈时，你未来的雇主将根据你的教育背景、经验和其他的资历来确定雇用你是否值得，因此你必须把你“待售的物品”和能力以有序而合理连贯的方式呈现出来。
1996年英语一真题翻译
1997 年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题文章翻译Part I (略)Part II Cloze Test饮食中含有的少量有机化合物—维生素，是促进动物（包括人）正常发育和维系生命的必需成分。
维生素既不提供热量，也不能构建身体的某个部分。
它们被用来将食物转化为能量并维持身体的健康。
维生素至少有十三种，如果缺乏任何一种，缺乏症疾病就会表现出来。
各种维生素都比较相似，因为它们由同样的元素组成—通常是碳、氢、氧，有时还有氮。
它们之间的不同之处在于每种维生素内部的元素排列方式不同，并且每种元素在人体内承担一种或多种具体功能。
尽管获取过量的维生素对身体没有营养价值，但获得足够的维生素对人的生命是至关重要的。
然而，很多人出于安全考虑，还是摄取额外的维生素。
不过，实际上均衡的饮食通常就可以完全满足身体对维生素的需求了。
Part ⅢReading ComprehensionPassage 1出言谨慎的年长者过去总说：“重要的不是在这个世界上你想要什么，而是你得到了什么。
”心理学教导人们，如果你知道自己需要什么、并且要求合理，你就能得到它。
你可以在头脑里勾画出愿望的蓝图，如同设计房屋的蓝图一样。
而我们每个人在日常生活中都在不停地勾画着这样的愿望蓝图。
比方说，想请朋友吃晚餐，我们就会筹划菜谱、列购物单、决定先煮什么菜等，这样的筹划对于举行任何形式的宴请都是必不可少的。
同样，如果你想找一份工作，那就拿一张纸，写一份对自我的简单描述吧。
为找工作制订计划蓝图时，要从你自己开始，因为只有当确切知道你可以提供什么服务时，你才能明智地筹划到哪儿去推销它们。
对自我的描述实际上是对你的职业生涯的简介，它应包括教育背景、经验和证明材料。
这样的描述是很有价值的，在填写标准的申请表格时可作为参照，在面试时更是尤为有用。
在与你面谈时，你未来的雇主将根据你的教育背景、经验和其他的资历来确定雇用你是否值得，因此你必须把你“待售的物品”和能力以有序而合理连贯的方式呈现出来。
1996专四真题及答案（完整版）
1996专四真题及答案（完整版）TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (1996)-GRADE FOUR-PART I WRITNG (45 MIN)SECTION A COMPOSITION (35 MIN)Write on ANSWER SHEET ONE a composition of about 150 words on the following topic:Every college student would agree that life in college is not the same as it was in the middle school. Now, you have been asked by the Students' Union to write a passage entitled: THE MAIN DIFFERENCE BETWEENMY COLLEGE LIFE AND MY MIDDLE SCHOOL LIFE as part of an introduction programme for new students coining in September. You are to write in three paragraphs.In the first paragraph, state clearly what you think the main difference between college and middle school life.In the second paragraph, state which life you prefer and why.In the last paragraph, bring what you have, written to a natural conclusion with a summary or suggestion.Marks will be awarded far content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the instructions may result in a loss of marks.SECTION B NOTE-WRITING (10 MIN)Write on ANSWER SHEET ONE a note of about 50-60 words based on the following situation:Your friend has just won the first prize in the Provincial English Speech Contest. Write a note of congratulations.Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. PART II DICTAION (15 MIN)Listen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be read at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third readings, the passage will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of 15 to 20 seconds. The lastreading will be read at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work. You will then be given 2 minutes to check through your work once mare. PART III LISTENING COMPREHENSION (25 MIN) In Sections A, B and C you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct response for each question on your answer sheet.SECTION A STATEMENTIn this section you will hear eight statements. At the end of the statement you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following eight questions.Now, listen to the statements.1. Joe went to court because he was a ________.A. law breakerB. trainee lawyerC. friend of the judgeD. traffic policeman2. Where did the speaker think they were supposed to meet?A. On the platform.B. On the train.C. Near the stairs.D. At the information desk.3. What is being described?A. Telephone.B. Telegraph.C. Microfilm.D. Microscope.4. How long was the coach delayed?A. Three hours and forty-five minutes.B. Five and a half hours.C. Two hours and forty-five minutes.D. Eight hours and fifteen minutes.5. What does the speaker imply?A. I want you to have a fully enjoyable holiday.B. Your plans for the trip interest me a lot.C. I think you should arrive according to the plan.D. We are now making plans for your journey.6. What does the speaker mean?A. The shop told me this would happen.B. I didn't know it would be like this.C. It became smaller but still fits me.D. The cardigan is well worth the price.7. When will the writer's new book be published?A. In the spring.B. In the summer.C. In the autumn.D. In the winter.8. What does the speaker mean?A. Travelling by car is more dangerous than by air.B. There are 300 air crashes each year in the US.C. The air crashes each year kill about 50,000 people.D. Travelling by planeis more dangerous than by car. SECTION B CONVERSATIONIn this section, you will hear nine short conversationsbetween two speakers. At the end of each conversation you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following nine questions.Now, listen to the conversations.9. What does the man mean?A. It's really nice to have a change.B. They ought to have been clinked long ago.C. The curtains are of a wrong color.D. The curtains are still quite good.10. The woman's usual attitude towards film is ________.A. mixedB. fascinatedC. enthusiasticD. disinterested11. According to the conversation, the woman's sister ________.A. was probably upsetB. bad little educationC. always writes like thatD. usually never writes12. The man's purpose in visiting was to ________.A. take a courseB. see the cityC. go to the parkD. take a rest13. What does the man indicate?A. Most people like the museum.B. It is difficult to get up early.C. There might be varied opinions.D. It is a problem to get there.14. What does the woman mean?A. She does not really need his help.B. She has not started thinking about it yet.C. She is very grateful to the man for his advice.D. She has already talked with the man.15. Which of the following best describes the woman's reaction?A. Overjoyed.B. Confused.C. Surprised.D. Supportive.16. The woman is going to the supermarket tomorrow because ________.A. the supermarket is dosing down after ChristmasB. the man is going to help her with shoppingC. tomorrow is the only day she is free before ChristmasD. she wants to get enough food for the holiday period17. John is going to France because ________.A. he'll start a new business in propertiesB. he tins been left property thereC. he's made a for time with his uncleD. his uncle wants his company thereSECTION C NEWS BROADCASTQuestion 18 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question.Now, listen to the news.18. What happened to the schoolboy?A. He forgot to lock the cold store door.B. He was forced to work throughout the night.C. He caught cold while working at the butcher's.D. He was locked up by accident in a cold store.Questions 19 and 20 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item,you will be given 20 seconds to answer the two questions.Now, listen to the news.19. Mr. Warren Christopher________.A. believes there is hope for peaceB. will report to the UN on ThursdayC. will hold more talks before leaving the regionD. is not sure that the peace process will succeed20. With whom did Mr. Christopher NOT meet?A. The Syrian President.B. The PLO leader.C. The Ordanian President.D. The Israeli Prime Minister.Questions 21 and 22 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the two questions.Now, listen to the news.21. The number of the escaped prisoners is ________.A. 6B. 5C. 1D. 722. Following the prison breakout, the Government is to ________.A. restructure the prison serviceB. discipline some prison officersC. recruit more security staffD. look into security conditionsQuestions 23 to 25 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 30 seconds to answer the three questions.Now, listen to the news.23. The aim of the agreement is to ________.A. encourage trade in the regionB. crack down on drug smugglingC. save the declining fishing industryD. strengthen cross-boarder police presence24. Which group of people is now taking advantage of the agreement?A. Canadian police.B. Businessmen.C. Drug traffickers.D. Customs officers.25. The percentage of cocaine brought through the coast has increased by________.A. 10%B. 50%C. 60%D. 70%PART IV CLOZE (15 MIN)Decide which of the choices given below would correctly complete the passage if inserted in the responding blanks. Mark the correct choice for each blank on your answer sheet.SECTION A STATEMENTSince 1895 the National Trust (国家文物信托基金会) has worked for the preservation of places of historic interest and natural beauty in England, Wales and Northern Ireland.Today the Trust 26is not a government department but a charity depending on the 27support of the public and its own conservation society in Britain.Wherever you go, you are close to land that is protected and 28by the National Trust. Over 350 miles of 29coastline: 90,000 acres of land, lakes and forests in one area of natural beauty 30; pre-historic and Roman ruins; moorlands and farmland, woods and islands, lengths of 31water-ways; even seventeen whole village – all are open to the public at all times subject only 32 the needs of farming, forestry and the protection of wildlife.But the Trust's protection 大33家further than this. It has in its possession a hundred gardens and 34two hundred historic buildings which it opens to paying visitors. Castles and churches, houses of 35or historic importance, mills, gardens and parks 36to the Trust by their former owners. Many houses retain their 37contents of fine furniture, pictures, and other treasures accumulated over 38, and often the donor himself continues to live in part of the house as a 39of the National Trust. The walking-sticks in the hall, the flowers, silver-framed photographs, books and papers in the morns are signs that thehouse is still loved and 40and that visitors are welcomed as private individuals just as much as tourists.26. A. itB. whichC. thisD. whether it27. A. deliberateB. compulsoryC. spontaneousD. voluntary28. A. maintainedB. watchedC. renewedD. repaired29. A. unusedB. underdevelopedC. unwantedD. unspoilt30. A. besidesB. nearbyC. aloneD. beyond31. A. interiorB. inlandC. insideD. inner32. A. byB. atC. toD. on33. A. develops。
1996年专四真题 ―― 听力
1996年专四真题―― 听力1996年专四真题―― 听力新闻部分18. What happened to the schoolboy? A. He forgot to lock the cold store door. B. He was forced to work throughout the night. C. He caught cold while working at the butcher's. D. He was locked up by accident in a cold store. 19. Mr Warren Christopher A. believes there is hope for peace. B. will report to the UN on Thursday. C. will hold more talks before leaving the region. D. is not sure that the peace process will succeed. 20. With whom did Mr Christopher NOT meet? A. The Syrian President. B. The PLO leader. C. The Jordanian President. D. The Israeli Prime Minister.21. The number of the escaped prisoners is A. 6. B. 5. C. 1. D. 7. 22. Following the prison breakout, the Government is to A. restructure the prison service. B. discipline some prison officers. C. recruit more security staff.D. look into security conditions. 23. The aim of the agreement is to A. encourage trade in the region. B. crack down on drug smuggling. C. save the declining fishing industry. D. strengthen crossboarder police presence. 24. Which group of people is now taking advantage of the agreement? A. Canadian police. B. Businessmen. C. Drug traffickers. D. Customs officers. 25. The percentage of cocaine brought through the coast has increased by A. 10%. B. 50%. C. 60%. D. 70%.1996年专四新闻文本 [听力原文 18] A fifteen-year-old schoolboy, Peter Emerson, was recovered at home yesterday after being trapped all night in a cold store at the butcher's shop where he worked after school. The door swung shut as he was putting meat into the store. He realized that he was left all alone after he had shouted and kicked the door and no one answered. He kept warm by jumping and running around for about 10 of the 14 hours.[听力原文19―20] Secretary of State, Warren Christopher, has wrapped up his latest trip to the Middle East, saying the peace process is progressing.Mr. Christopher says he will leave the region Thursday, assured that thepicture is much less gloomy than suggested by recent reports. During the two days of talks, Mr. Christopher met Israeli Prime Minister, Yitzak Rabin and Foreign Minister of Simon Perez in Israel, and with PLO Chairman Joseph Alfatin the Gasa Strip. He also met with the SyrianPresident, Bashar Al-Assad in Damascus.[听力原文 21―22] Prison serrice staff, Harren Briton, has been severely criticized in an official report for the escape of 5 Irishprisoners and an armed robber from Whitemore Prison, Kemprishire. Bombmaking equipment was subsequently discovered out the jail. The government has announced a major review of the present security throughout England and Wales. And in- taskforce will be set up at home office and a detailed list of recommendations is expected to be issued by the end of the year.[听力原文23―25] The Cana dian police said the New North American Free Trade Agreement which is to open frontiers across the continent has been exploded by drugs smugglers fromSouth America. The Mafia can now move drugs across the continent with minimum supervision. Police estimated 60 % of the cocaine which came through Canadathis year has been brought through the east coast. Last year it was 10 percent. Police said the Mafia are benefiting from the declining fishing industry.There are more boats available to move the drugs.感谢您的阅读，祝您生活愉快。
1996年英语专业四级阅读第三篇
1996年英语专业四级阅读第三篇1996TEXT AIn the past thirty years many social changes bare taken place in Britain. The greatest of these have probably been in the economic lives of women.The changes have been significant, but because tradition and prejudice can still handicap women in their working careers and personal lives, major legislation to help promote equality of opportunity and pay was passed during the 1970s.At the heart of women’s changed role in society has been the rise in the number of women at work, particularly married women. As technology and society permit highly effective and generally acceptable methods of family planning there has been a decline in family size. Women as a result are involved in child-rearing for a much shorter time and related to this, there has been a rapid increase in the number of women with young children who return to work when the children are old enough not to need constant care and attention.Since 1951 the proportion of married women who work has grown from just over a fifth to a haft. Compared with their counterparts elsewhere on the Continent, British women comprise a relatively high proportion of the work force, about two-fifths, but on average they work fewer hours, about 31 a week There is still a significant difference between women’s average earnings and men’s, but the equal pay legislation which came into force at the end of 1975 appears to have helped to narrow the gap between women’s and men’s basic rates.As more and more women joined the work force in the 1960sand early 1970s there was an increase in the collective incomes of women as a whole and a major change in the economic role of large numbers of housewives. Families have come to rely on married women’s earnings as an essential part of their income rather than as “pocket money”. At the same time social roles within the family are more likely to be shared, exchanged or altered.TEXT BNATURE’S GIGANTIC SNOWPLOUGHOn January 10, 1962, an enormous piece of glacier broke away and tumbled down the side of a mountain in Peru. A mere seven minutes later, when cascading ice finally came to a stop ten miles down the mountain, it had taken the lives of 4,000 people.This disaster is one of the most devastating examples of a very common event: an avalanche of snow or ice. Because it is extremely cold at very high altitudes, snow rarely melts. It just keeps piling up higher and higher. Glaciers are eventually created when the weight of the snow is so great that the lower layers are pressed into solid ice. But most avalanches occur long before this happens. As snow accumulates on a steep slope, it reaches a critical point at which the slightest vibration will send it sliding into the valley below.Even an avalanche of light power can be dangerous, but the Peruvian catastrophe was particularly terrible because it was caused by a heavy layer of ice. It is estimated that the ice that broke off weighed three million tons. As it crashed down the steep mountainside like a gigantic snow plough, it swept up trees, boulders and tons of topsoil, and completely crushed and destroyed the six villages that lay in its path.At present there is no way to predict or avoid such enormousavalanches, but, lucidly, they are very rare. Scientists are constantly studying the smaller, more common avalanches, to try to understand what causes them. In the future, perhaps dangerous masses of snow and ice can be found and removed before they take human lives.TEXT DPLEASE RECYCLE THAT BOBSLED RUN (大雪橇滑道）For the 1992 Winter Games, French organizers constructed a new motorway, parking lots and runs for skiing in the Alps. Environmentalists screamed “Disaster!” Thus warned, the Norwegians have adopted “green”advice and avoided great blots on the landscape. The speed-skating was built to look like an overturned ship, and placed so as not to disturb a bird sanctuary. Dug into a mountainside, the hockey arena is well concealed and energy efficient. The bobsled run is built out of wood not metal and hidden among trees. No wonder the president of the International Olympic Committee has called these the first “Green Games”.Lillehammer’s opening ceremonies featured a giant Olympic T orch burning biogas produced by rotting vegetation. During construction, builders were threatened with $ 7,500 fines for felling trees unnecessarily. Rate trees were carefully transplanted from hillsides. Food is being served on potato-based plates that will be fed, in turn, to pigs. Smoking has been banned outdoors as well as in, with enforcement by polite requests.Environmentalists have declared partial victory, though Coca-Cola’s plan to decorate the town with Banners has been scaled back, there are still too many billboards for strict green tastes. Perhaps, but after the Games, athlete housing will beconverted into vacation home or shipped to the northlands for student dormitories. Bullets will be plucked from biathlon targets and recycled to keep the lead from poisoning ground water. And these tricks won’t be forgotten. Embarrassed by environmental protests, the I. O. C. claims that green awareness is now entrenched-along with sport and culture-as a permanent dimension of the Olympic Charter.Indeed, Sydney was successful in becoming host for the 2000 Summer Games in part on the strength of its endorsement from Greenpeace. Aspiring host cities are picking up the code. Salt Lake City, bidding for the 2002 Games, may opt to use the bobsled run that Calgary built for the 88 Games. After that, who could deny that recycling is an Olympic movement?。
1996年考研英语阅读全文翻译
Passage 1谨慎的(tight-lipped)老人们过去常说“在这个世界上，重要的不是你想要什么，而是你能够得到什么。
”心理学(psychology)教导人们，如果你知道你想要什么，并且你想要的东西又合乎情理，那么你就能会得到它。
在脑海里，你可以为你的愿望描绘一幅蓝图(blueprint)，就像你绘制房屋的蓝图一样；日常生活中，我们每个人都在不断地描绘着这些蓝图。
如果我们想请朋友吃饭，我们就要定菜谱，列购物清单(make a shopping list)，并决定先做哪道菜。
这样的计划对于举行的任何形式的饭局都是必不可少的。
同样，如果你想找份工作，就应该拿张纸，写一份自我简评(brief account)。
为找工作制订计划时，应该以自己的实际情况为出发点，因为只有当你确切地知道你可以提供什么时，你才可能明智地(intelligently)计划到哪儿去求职(sell your services)。
实际上，你的这份自我评估是你工作经历的一个简介(sketch)，应当包括你的受教育程度、经历以及证明材料(reference)。
这样的简历很有用。
在填写正式申请表格(application blank)时可以作为参照，在面试时更是起极大的作用。
在与你交谈时，你可能的(could be)雇主将根据你的受教育程度、工作经历以及其他资历(qualification)来确定你是否值得他雇用，因此你必须以相关的合理而有序的方式展现你的“商品”和能力。
当你为自己的能力和愿望仔细地筹划了一幅蓝图后，你就有了确切的(tangible)东西可推销了。
这样你就可以找工作(hunt for a job)了。
你应当尽可能地收集所有有关你未来工作的信息。
查询(make inquiry)有关工作和公司的详细情况。
保持耳目灵敏，运用自己的判断。
每天花一定的时间寻找(seek)你想要的工作，并时刻记住：你现在的工作就是找份工作(secure a job)。
英语专业四级真题词汇精选电子版tem41996
英语专业四级真题词汇精选TEM4 19961.telegraph n.电报机，电报2.microscope n.显微镜E.g. observe bacteria under a microscope.用显微镜观察细菌。
3.microfilm n.缩微交卷（用以保存文件、印刷材料等）4.Fascinate v.使（某人）着迷、神魂颠倒或极感兴趣E.g. The children were fascinated by the toys in the shop window.孩子们让橱窗里的玩具给吸引住了。
5.enthusiastic adj.热心的，热情的E.g. He doesn't know much about the .他对这事所知不多，但是却极感兴趣。
She is very enthusiastic about singing.她非常喜欢唱歌。
6.supportive adj.支持的，支援的E.g. She has been very supportive during my illness.我患病期间她帮了我很大的忙。
7.property n.财产，所有物，性质，特性E.g. Don’t touch those tools-they are not your property.不要动那些工具-那不是你的东西。
E.g. The tax will affect only the propertied classes.该税项仅影响有房地产的阶层。
8.discipline n.训练，纪律v.训练E.g. Strict discipline is imposed on army recruits.新兵受到严格的训练。
The soldiers showed perfect discipline under fire.士兵在枪林弹雨中严守军纪。
Parents have to discipline their children.做父母的须管教自己子女。
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5 (1996)SECTION A C TO E Translate the following UNDERLINED PART of the text into English:(important technique: establish sense group, that is, divide longer sentences into shorter ones for the convenience of phrasing in English.)近读报纸，对国内名片和请柬的议论颇多，于是想起客居巴黎时经常见到的法国人手中的名片和请柬，随笔记下来，似乎不无借鉴之处。
在巴黎，名目繁多的酒会、冷餐会是广交朋友的好机会。
在这种场合陌生人相识，如果是亚洲人，他们往往开口之前先必恭必敬地用双手把自己的名片呈递给对方，这好象是不可缺少的礼节。
然而，法国人一般却都不大主动递送名片。
双方见面寒暄几句，甚至海阔天空地聊一番也就各自走开。
只有当双方谈话投机，希望继续交往时，才会主动掏出名片。
二话不说先递名片反倒有些勉强。
法国人的名片讲究朴素大方，印制精美，但很少有镶金边的，闪光多色的或带香味儿的。
名片上的字体纤细秀丽，本人的名字也不过分突出，整张纸片上空白很大，毫无拥挤不堪的感觉。
Reference version 1 (p. 223 of《历年考试试题》)In Paris, there are a variety of cocktail parties in which buffet reception provides a best chance to make new friends. On this occasion strangers meet to know each other. If they are Asians, they will usually present politely with two hands their calling cards to the other person before they speak, which seems an indispensable manner. However, Frenchmen generally don’t present their calling cards initially. When they meet, they say some greeting words, or even chat at random. And then excuse themselves. They won’t exchange name cards until they have a agreeable chat and would like to keep in touch later on. It would be embarrassing for them to give their visiting cards before they speak to each other.Reference version 2From the newspaper I have read recently, I find (know) that there has been much talk about calling cards and invitations popular in our country (in China). It reminds me of the calling cards and invitations I had often seen (I often saw)in the hands of Frenchmen when I lived in Paris. Now I’ll write the following down for reference.In Paris, different kinds of cocktail party and buffet offer people a good opportunity (are good opportunities for people) to make friends with each other. When two strangers meet on such occasions, Asians will, before opening their mouths, present politely with their both hands their calling carks to each other as if this is a form of indispensable (necessary) etiquette. Frenchmen, however, do not usually exchange their calling cards of their own accord (initially). When they meet, each of them will go his own way, having exchanged a few words of greetings, or even talked with each other at random. (or: when…, they will exch ange … and talk with each other at random, and then each of them goes his own way.) They are ready to exchange their calling cards with each other only after they have talked agreeably and wished to continue their association. It’s somewhat unnatural (embarrassing) to exchange calling cards without talking about anything.Frenchmen like their calling cards to be plain and finely prepared (printed), yet few of which have gilt edges and are shiny, scented or colourful. The words on a card are in beautiful / fine handwritings. The personal name (on it) is not too conspicuous. The fact that there is much blank space on it gives one no sense of crampness.分句翻译：（reference version 2）近读报纸，对国内名片和请柬的议论颇多，●近读报纸:(from) the newspapers I have read recentlynot: recently when I read newspapers I found that …●名片和请柬:calling cards (name cards; visiting cards) and invitations●议论颇多:much talkFrom the newspaper I have read recently, I find (know) that there has been much talk about calling cards and invitations popular in our country (in China). （注意加词：popular）于是想起客居巴黎时常见到的法国人手中的名片和请柬，●想起：这使我想起it makes me think of; it reminds me of●客居：live or stay in a foreign countryIt reminds me of the calling cards and invitations I had often seen (I often saw) in the hands of Frenchmen when I lived in Paris.随笔记下来，似乎不无借鉴之处。
●随笔记下：write down●借鉴：for reference●似乎不无: better omit these wordsNow I’ll write the following down for reference.在巴黎，名目繁多的酒会、冷餐会是广交朋友的好机会。
●名目繁多：different kinds of; variety of●酒会：鸡尾酒会cocktail party●冷餐会：buffet●广交朋友：make friends (widely / extensively) (with each other)In Paris, different kinds of cocktail party and buffet give/offer people a good opportunity to make friends with each other.Or: In Paris, different kinds of cocktail party and buffet are good opportunities for people to make friends with each other.在这种场合陌生人相识，如果是亚洲人，他们往往开口之前先必恭必敬地用双手把自己的名片呈递给对方，这好象是不可缺少的礼节。
●在这种场合:on such occasions; in such circumstances●陌生人相识:when two strangers meet●开口之前:before opening one’s mouth; before they say anything●必恭必敬地:politely; reverently;●呈递给对方:present … to each other●不可缺少的礼节:indispensable etiquette (“formality” is for formal occasions with more people)When two strangers meet on such occasions, Asians will, before opening their mouths, present politely with their both hands their calling carks to each other as if this is a form of indispensable (necessary) etiquette.然而，法国人一般却都不大主动递送名片。