[VIP专享]R32操作规程
32个施工作业人员安全技术操作规程
建筑工地作业人员安全技术操作规程目录一、爆破工安全操作规程二、砼喷射工安全操作规程三、气焊工安全技术操作规程四、电焊工安全操作规程五、外用电梯操作工安全技术操作规程六、电工安全操作规程七、钳工安全操作规程八、变配电安全操作规程九、变配电设备安全检修规程十、钢筋工安全操作规程十一、木工操作规程十二、大模板和大板施工安全技术操作规程十三、混凝土工安全技术操作规程十四、抹灰工安全操作规程十五、砖瓦工安全操作规程十六、架子工安全操作规程十七、小型机械操作工安全操作规程十八、油漆玻璃工安全技术操作规程十九、防水工安全操作规程二十、普通工安全技术操作规程二十一、管工安全技术操作规程二十二、铆工安全技术操作规程二十三、机械维修工安全技术操作规程二十四、保温工安全技术操作规程二十五、无损探伤工安全技术操作规程二十六、打桩工安全技术操作规程二十七、土石方机械司机安全技术操作规程二十八、起重机司机安全技术操作规程二十九、打桩机司机安全技术操作规程三十、运送车辆司机安全技术操作规程三十一、空气压缩机操作工安全操作规程三十二、机床工安全技术操作规程一、爆破工安全操作规程1、爆破器材运送,要选用符合安全规定的运送工具,有持证的安全员或爆破员押运,按规定的路线和时间直接送到工地;2、雷管与炸药必须放置在带盖的容器内分别运送,其间距应相隔50m以上;3、在有沼气和煤尘爆炸危险的工作面,必须使用取得产品合格证的煤矿安全炸药和雷管;4、不同厂家生产的不同品种的电雷管不得掺混使用;5、加工起爆药包,只许在爆破现场于爆破前进行,并按所需数量一次制作,不得留成品备用,制作好的起爆药包应专人妥善保管。
6、导火索插入火雷管要轻轻推止加强帽,严禁转动插入。
电雷管只许由药卷的顶部装入,不得用电雷管代替竹、木棍扎眼。
装制炮头时,必须将电雷管脚线末端扭结短路。
7、炮眼内的泥浆,石粉必须吹洗干净;刚打好的炮眼热度过高,不得立即装药。
电力爆破装药连线时,严禁雷管脚线、放炮母线与导电体相接触;8、装药要用木竹棒轻塞,严禁用力抵入和使用金属棒捣实。
R32安全知识培训教程
完善应急预案
建立健全的应急预案和救 援体系,以便在事故发生 时迅速响应和处置。
预防措施建议
• 严格遵守安全操作规程:在安装、维修和使用R32制冷设备或空调系统 时,必须严格遵守相关安全操作规程,确保操作正确无误。
• 加强安全培训和教育:对涉及R32制冷设备或空调系统的工作人员进行 定期的安全培训和教育,提高其安全意识和操作技能水平。
如《建筑设计防火规范》、《爆炸危险环境电力装置设计规范》等,对涉及R32的场所和 设施有具体的安全要求和规范。
企业内部管理制度要求
01
建立健全R32安全管理制度
企业应制定完善的R32安全管理制度,明确各级管理人员和操作人员的
职责和权限,确保R32的安全使用和管理。
02
加强R32安全教育和培训
企业应定期开展R32安全教育和培训,提高员工的安全意识和操作技能
01 专业人员操作
只有经过专业培训并获得资格认证的人员才能安 装、调试和操作R32设备。
02 环境要求
确保安装环境通风良好,远离火源和易燃物品。
03 使用专用工具
必须使用专为R32设计的专用工具和设备,以确 保安全操作。
泄漏检测与处理措施
01
02
03
定期泄漏检测
定期对R32设备进行泄漏 检测,使用专用检测仪确 保无泄漏。
05
R32安全监管政策法规解读
国家相关法规政策概述
《中华人民共和国安全生产法》相关规定
涉及R32等危险化学品的生产、储存、使用等环节必须遵守安全生产法规,确保生产安全 。
《危险化学品安全管理条例》要求
对R32等危险化学品的生产、经营、储存、运输、使用等环节实施严格的安全管理,防范 事故发生。
R32中文操作手册
WYSIWYG R32 快速入门关于手册内容简介这本手册是作为WYSIWYG 基本功能来介绍,它可以使你快速上手来熟悉这个软件。
推荐你使用返个手册的同时运行 Quick Start Tutorial 快速上手训练 。
这个快速上手培训同时提供视频音频教学,通过这14节课程可以帮助你很快提升。
教程包含这个培训音频部分的文字版本还有一些同步图片。
它同样也包含一些培训中没有的课程。
你可以从WYSIWYG安装面板上使用教程。
注意:看视频快速指南前,你必须先安装TSCC解码器。
解码器光盘中有提供。
字体说明以下是本手册的字体说明:菜单和菜单命令以粗体字Arial bold 表示,例如“从资料库Library 菜单,选择浏览资料库BrowseLibrary”。
如,“从Library 资料库 菜单,选择Browse Library 浏览资料库 。
” 用户界面如按钮,工具,快捷方式,对话框以斜体字Tahoma Oblique 表示。
例如,“要画一个台阶,单击绘画draw工具条上的台阶riser 工具。
” 键盘大写字母功能开启。
例如,“按下TAB 键可以显示输入隐藏坐标。
” 需要参考详细手册的用italic 字体表示。
例如“渲染的附加信息请参考Reference Guide”第一节了解用户界面内容介绍在这节为你介绍基本的 WYSIWYG 的界面步骤 1 启动 WYSIWYG准备在 WYSIWYG 工作1 从WYSIWYG 的欢迎窗口中选择一个文档开始。
你可以选择打开一个保存的文档或者是创建一个新的文档。
在模板文档中显示一些固定模板,在打开文档里有显示有最近用过的文档。
想学习这个教程,请单击新建文档 New File结果:WYSIWY 主窗口显示步骤 2 模式按钮在窗口最上面的就是模式按钮,根据你购买的 WYSIWYG 版本不同,有些按钮有可能无效。
CAD 绘图窗口DATA 显示信息和创建电子表格DESIGN 调整灯光效果设定灯光场景和输出渲染PRES 打印输出文档的报表图纸图片LIVE 运行预制演出场 CUT 并显示灯光效果步骤 3 菜单栏工具栏布局表栏在模式按钮下就是菜单栏,再切换模式时菜单栏也会有变化。
R32操作规程
2HF+SbCL5→SbCL3F2﹢2HCL SbCL3F2﹢CH2CL2→CH2F2﹢SbCL5 上述反应要求原料中的水分及 SO2 含量要符合要求,因为水分含量高 一方面使反应釜受到严重腐蚀,另一方面使 SbCL5 水解,而 SO2 含量高易 使 Sb5+还原 Sb3+,使催化剂中毒。 2.2 工艺流程简述 二氯甲烷经大储槽由磁力泵输送到二氯甲烷计量槽,电子称重计量 后经多级泵由流量调节阀调节到规定的流量,再经预热器加热到 90℃左 右进反应釜,无水氟化氢经大储槽由屏蔽液下泵输送到计量槽,电子称重 计量后,经计量泵并调节到规定的流量进反应釜。原料 AHF 和 CH2CL2 以 均匀的速度连续投料,AHF 与 CH2CL2 投料配比为 1:1.8~2.2(重量比),两 种原料在釜温 90~105℃,釜压 1.25~1.35MPa 并在催化剂存在的条件下连 续反应,反应粗品气至反应精馏塔,塔顶气体经缓冲罐至水、碱洗除去 HCL 和 HF 后经气柜,再经压缩、冷淋成粗品供精馏工序提纯,反应进行
F32 操作规程目录
一、反应岗位操作规程 1、岗位任务 2、岗位生产原理及流程说明 3、工艺指标与操作指标 4、开车前的准备工作 5、正常开车及操作 6、正常操作 7、停车注意事项及事故处理 二、水碱洗岗位操作规程 1、岗位任务 2、生产原理 3、水洗塔、碱洗塔开车 4、水、碱洗停车 5、水、碱洗操作指标 6、异常现象、产生原因、排除方法 三、精馏岗位操作规程 1、岗位任务 2、精馏原理及流程简介 3、工艺指标和操作指标 4、开车前的准备工作 5、开车 6、正常操作
R32电子称重仪表技术使用手册
电子称重仪表 技术/ 使用手 册
警告 1、请专业人员调试、检测和维修系统。 2、本产品是精密计量设备,请务必保持设备良好接地。
注意 1、严禁带电插拔。 2、请先切断电源,并等待5秒后再进行电气设备连接。
注意静电 本设备为静电敏感设备,在使用和维护中请注意采取防静电措施。
手册版权归宁波柯力传感科技股份有限公司所有,未经书面许可任何人不得以任何形式翻 印,修改或引用。 为满足市场需求,本产品将会不定期进行完善和升级,宁波柯力传感科技股份有限公司保 留修改本手册的权利。修改手册恕不另行通知。
4 安装与连接..............................................................................................................................ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้........2
4.1 安装仪表 .................................................................................................................................. 2 4.2 系统联线 .................................................................................................................................. 3
2 功能与特点.......................................................................................................................................1
R32 R290 冷媒机 说明书
IMPORTANT NOTE:Read this manual carefully before installingor operating your new air conditioningunit. Make sure to save this manual forfuture reference.SAFETY MANUALPage 1 Read Safety Precautions Before Operation and InstallationIncorrect installation due to ignoring instructions can cause serious damage or injury.Safety Precautions13. When a FLAMMABLE REFRIGERANT is used, the requirements for installation space of appliance and /or ventilation requirements are determined according to-- the mass charge amount(M) used in the appliance,--the installation location,--the type of ventilation of the location or of the appliance.1.Installation (Space)- That the installation of pipe-work shall be kept to a minimum.- That pipe-work shall be protected from physical damage.- Where refrigerant pipes shall be compliance with national gas regulations.- That mechanical connections shall be accessible for maintenance purposes.- In cases that require mechanical ventilation, ventilation openings shall be kept clear of obstruction.- When disposing of the product is used, be based on national regulations, properly processed.2. Servicing- Any person who is involved with working on or breaking into a refrigerant circuit should hold a current valid certificate from an industry-accredited assessment authority, which authorises their competence to handle refrigerants safely in accordance with an industry recognised assessment specification.3. Maintenance and repair requiring the assistance of other skilled personnel shall be carried out under the supervision of the person competent in the use of flammable refrigerants.4. Do not use means to accelerate the defrosting process or to clean, other than those recommended by the manufacturer.5. The appliance shall be stored in a room without continuously operating ignition sources (for example: open flames,an operating gas appliance or an operating electric heater)6. Be more careful that foreign matter(oil, water,etc) does not enter the piping. Also, when storing the piping, securely seal the opening by pinching, taping, etc.7. Do not pierce or burn.8. Be aware that refrigerants may not contain an odour.9. All working procedure that affects safety means shall only be carried by competent persons.10. Appliance shall be stored in a well -ventilated area where the room size corresponds to the room area as specifiec for operation.11. The appliance shall be stored so as to prevent mechanical damage from occurring.12. Joints shall be tested with detection equipment with a capability of 5 g/year of refrigerant or better, with the equipment in standstill and under operation or under a pressure of at least these standstill or operation conditions after installation. Detachable joints shall NOT be used in the indoor side of the unit(brazed, welded joint could be used).③ Page 2 ④m = 2,5 x (LFL) x h x (A)The maximun charge in a room shall be in accordance with the following:max max min (5/4)01/2 A = (M/(2,5 x (LFL) x h ))min min (5/4)002223or the required minumum floor area A to install an applicance with refrigerant charge M(kg) shall be in accordance with following:Where.m is the allowable maximum charge in a room, in kg;M is the refrigerant charge amount in appliance, in kg;A is the required minimum room area, in m ;A is the room area, in m ;LFL is the lower flammable limit, in kg/m ;h is the release height, the vertical distance in metres from the floor to the point of release when the appliance is installed;h = (h inst+h rel) or 0,6 m whichever is higherh rel is the release offset in metres from the bottom of the appliance to the point ofreleaseh inst is the installed height in metres of the unitReference installed heights are given below:0.0 m for portable and floor mounted;1.0m for window mounted;1.8m for wall mounted;2.2m for ceiling mounted;If the minimum installed height given by the manufacturer is higher than the referenceinstalled height, then in addition A min and m max for the reference installed height have to be given by the manufacturer. An appliance may have multiple reference installed heights. In this case, A min and m max calculations shall be provided for all applicable referenceinstalled heights.For appliances serving one or more rooms with an air duct system, the lowest opening of the duct connection to each conditioned space or any opening of the indoor unit greater than 5 cm , at the lowest position to the space, shall be used for h 0. However, h 0 shall not be less than 0,6 m. A min shall be calculated as a function of the opening heights of the duct to the spaces and the refrigerant charge for the spaces where leaked refrigerant may flow to,considering where the unit is located. All spaces shall have a floor area more than A min .2③ Page 3④Table.1-1Table.1-2Max Refrigerant Charge (kg)Min. Room Area (m )2 The maximun charge in a room and the required minumum floor area to install anapplicance, please refer to the “Owner’s Manual & Installation Manual” of the unit.For specific information on the type of gas and the amount, please refer to the relevant label on the unit itselfNOTE 1 This formula cannot be used for refrigerants lighter than 42 kg/kmol.NOTE 2 Some examples of the results of the calculations according to the above formula are given in Tables 1-1 and 1-2.NOTE 3 For factory sealed appliances, the nameplate on the unit itself marked the refrigerant charge can be used to calculate A min .NOTE 4 For field charged products, calculation of A min can be based on the installed refrigerant charge not to exceed the factory specified maximum refrigerant charge.③ Page 4④Information Servicing1. Checks to the area 3. General work area 4. Checking for presence of refrigerant5. Presence of fire extinguisherIf any hot work is to be conducted on the refrigeration equipment or any associated parts, appropriate fire extinguishing equipment shall be available to hand. Have a dry power or CO2 fire extinguisher adjacent to the charging area.2. Work procedure All maintenance staff and others working in the local area shall be instructed on the nature of work being carried out. work in confined sapces shall be avoided. The area around the work space shall be sectioned off. Ensure that the conditions within the area have been made safe by control of flammable material.Prior to beginning work on systems containing flammable refrigerants, safety checks are necessary to ensure that the risk of ignition is minimised. For repair to the refrigerating system, the following precautions shall be complied with prior to conducting work on the system.Works shall be undertaken under a controlled procedure so as to minimise the risk of a flammable gas or vapour being present while the work is being performed.Technical personnel in charge of operation, supervision, maintenance of air-conditioning systems shall be adequately instructed and competent with respect to their tasks.Works shall be undertaken with appropriate tools only (In case of uncertainty, please consult the manufacturer of the tools for use with flammable refrigerants)The area shall be checked with an appropriate refrigerant detector prior to and during work,to ensure the technician is aware of potentially flammable atmospheres. Ensure that the leak detection equipment being used is suitable for use with flammable refrigerants, i.e. no sparking,adequately sealed or intrinsically safe.7. Ventilated areaEnsure that the area is in the open or that it it adequately ventilated before breaking into the system or conducting any hot work. A degree of ventilation shall continue during the period that the work is carried out. The ventilation should safely disperse any released refrigerant and preferably expel it externally into the atmosphere.6. No ignition sourcesNo person carrying out work in relation to a refrigeration system which involves exposing any pipe work that contains or has contained flammable refrigerant shall use any sources of ignition in such a manner that it may lead to the risk of fire or explosion. All possible ignition sources, including cigarette smoking, should be kept sufficiently far away from the site of installation, repairing, removing and disposal, during which flammable refrigerant can possibly be released to the surrounding space. Prior to work taking place, the area around the equipment is to be surveyed to make sure that there are no flammable hazards or ignition risks. NO SMOKING signs shall be displayed.,,,,④③ Page 5●●●●●●●●9. Checks to electrical devices8. Checks to the refrigeration equipmentWhere electrical components are being changed, they shall be fit for the purpose and to the correct specification. At all times the manufacturer s maintenance and service guidelines shall be followed.If in doubt consult the manufacturer s technical department for assistance. The following checks shall be applied to installations using flammable refrigerants:,,the charge size is in accordance with the room size within which the refrigerant containing parts are installed;the ventilation machinery and outlets are operating adequately and are not obstructed;if an indirect refrigerating circuit is being used, the secondary circuits shall be checked for the presence of refrigerant; marking to the equipment continues to be visible andlegible.marking and signs that are illegible shall be corrected;refrigeration pipe or components are installed in a position where they are unlikely to be exposed to any substance which may corrode refrigerant containing components, unless the components are constructed of materials which are inherently resistant to beingcorroded or are suitably protected against being so corroded.Repair and maintenance to electrical components shall include initial safety checks and component inspection procedures. If a fault exists that could compromise safety, then no electrical supply shall be connected to the circuit until it is satisfactorily dealt with. If the fault cannot be corrected immediately but it is necessary to continue operation, and adequate temporary solution shall be used. This shall be reported to the owner of the equipment so all parties are advised.Initial safety checks shall include:that capacitors are discharged: this shall be done in a safe manner to avoid possibility of sparkingthat there no live electrical components and wiring are exposed while charging, recovering or purging the system;that there is continuity of earth bonding.,10. Repairs to sealed components10.1 During repairs to sealed components, all electrical supplies shall be disconnected from the equipment being worked upon prior to any removal of sealed covers, etc. If it is absolutely necessary to have an electrical supply to equipment during servicing, then a permanently operating form of leak detection shall be located at the most critical point to warn of a potentially hazardous situation.10.2 Particular attention shall be paid to the following to ensure that by working on electrical components, the casing is not altered in such a way that the level of protection is affected. This shall include damage to cables, excessive number of connections, terminals not made to original specification, damage to seals, incorrect fitting of glands, etc.Ensure that apparatus is mounted securely.the purpose of preventing the ingress of flammable atmospheres. Replacement parts shall be in accordance with the manufacturer s specifications.NOTE: The use of silicon sealant may inhibit the effectiveness of some types of leak detection equipment. Instrinsically safe components do not have to be isolated prior to working on them.④③ Page 611. Repair to intrinsically safe componentsDo not apply any permanent inductive or capacitance loads to the circuit without ensuring that this will not exceed the permissible voltage and current permitted for the equipment in use. Intrinscially safe components are the only types that can be worked on while live in the presence of a flammable atmosphere. The test apparatus shall be at the correct rating.Replace components only with parts specified by the manufacturer. Other parts may result in the ignition of refrigerant in the atmosphere from a leak.12. CablingCheck that cabling will not be subject to wear, corrosion, excessive pressure, vibration, sharp edges or any other adverse environmental effects. The check shall also take into account the effects of aging or continual vibration from sources such as compressors or fans.13. Detection of flammable refrigerantsUnder no circumstances shall potential sources of ignition be used in the searching for or detection of refrigerant leaks. A halide torch(or any other detector using a naked flame)shall not be used.14. Leak detection methodsThe following leak detection methods are deemed acceptable for systems containing flammable refrigerants. Electronic leak detectors shall be used to detect flammable refrigerants, but the sensitivity may not be adequate, or may need re-calibration.(Detection equipment shall becalibrated in a refrigerant-free area.) Ensure that the detector is not a potential source of ignition and is suitable for the refrigerant. Leak detection equipment shall be set at a percentage of the LFL of the refrigerant and shall be calibrated to the refrigerant employed and the appropriate percentage of gas (25% maximum) is confirmed. Leak detection fluids are suitable for use with most refrigerants but the use of detergents containing chlorine shall be avoided as the chlorine may react with the refrigerant and corrode the copper pipe-work.If a leak is suspected ,all naked flames shall be removed or extinguished. If a leakage of refrigernat is found which requires brazing, all of the refrigerant shall be recovered from the system, orisolated(by means of shut off valves) in a part of the system remote from the leak . For appliances containing FLAMMABLE REFRIGERANTS, oxygen free nitrogen(OFN) shall then be purged through the system both before and during the brazing process.●●●●●15. Removal and evacuation When breaking into the refrigerant circuit to make repairs - or for any other purpose-conventional procedures shall be used, However, for FLAMMABLE REFRIGERANTS it is important that best practice is followed since flammability is a consideration. Opening of the refrigerant systems shall not be done by brazing. The following procedure shall be adhered to:remove refrigerant; purge the circuit with inert gas; evacuate; purge again with inert gas; open the circuit by cutting or brazing .④③ Page 7 ●●●●●●●16. Charging proceduresIn addition to conventional charging procedures, the following requirements shall be followed: Works shall be undertaken with appropriate tools only (In case of uncertainty, please consult the manufacturer of the tools for use with flammable refrigerants)Ensure that contamination of different refrigerants does not occur when using charging equipment. Hoses or lines shall be as short as possible to minimize the amount ofrefrigerant contained in them. Cylinders shall be kept upright. Ensure that the refrigeration system is earthed prior to charging the system with refrigerant. Label the system when charging is complete(if not already). Extreme care shall be taken not to overfill the refrigeration system. Prior to recharging the system it shall be pressure tested with OFN. The system shall be leak tested on completion of charging but prior to commissioning. A follow up leak test shall be carried out prior to leaving the site.The refrigerant charge shall be recovered into the correct recovery cylinders. For appliances containing FLAMMBLE REFRIGERNATS, the system shall be “flushed” with OFN to render the unit safe. This process may need to be repeated several times. Compressed air or oxygen shall not be used for puring refrigerant systems.For appliances containing FLAMMABLE REFRIGERNATS, flushing shall be achieved by breaking the vacuum in the system with OFN and continuing to fill until the working pressure is achieved, then venting to atmosphere, and finally pulling down to a vacuum. This process shall be repeated until no refrigerant is within the system. When the final OFN charge is used, the system shall be vented down to atmospheric pressure to enable work to take place. This operation is absolutely vital if brazing operations on the pipe-work are to take place.Ensure that the outlet for the vacuum pump is not closed to any ignition sources and there is ventilation available.●●●●17. DecommissioningBefore carrying out this procedure, it is essential that the technician is completely familiar with the equipment and all its detail. It is recommended good practice that all refrigerants are recovered safely or safely vented(For R290 refrigerant models). Prior to the task being carried out, an oil and refrigerant sample shall be taken.In case analysis is required prior to re-use of reclaimed refrigerant. It is essential thatelectrical power is available before the task is commenced.a) Become familiar with the equipment and its operation.b) Isolate system electricallyc) Before attempting the procedure ensure that:mechanical handling equipment is available, if required, for handling refrigerant cylinders; all personal protetive equipment is available and being used correctly;the recovery process is supervised at all times by a competent person; recovery equipment and cylinders conform to the appropriate standards.④③ Page 818. LabellingEquipment shall be labelled stating that it has been de-commissioned and emptied ofrefrigerant. The label shall be dated and signed. Ensure that there are labels on theequipment stating the equipment contains flammable refrigerant.19. RecoveryWhen removing refrigerant from a system, either for service or decommissioning, it isrecommended good practice that all refrigerants are removed safely.When tranferring refrigerant into cylinders, ensure that only appropriate refrigerantrecovery cylinders are employed. Ensure that the correct numbers of cylinders for holding the total system charge are available. All cylinders to be used are designated for therecovered refrigerant and labelled for that refrigerant(i.e special cylinders for therecovery of refrigerant). Cylinders shall be complete with pressure relief valve andassociated shut-off valves in good working order.Empty recovery cylinders are evacuated and, if possible, cooled before recovery occurs.The recovery equipment shall be in good working order with a set of instructionsconcerning the equipment that is at hand and shall be suitable for the recovery offlammable refrigerants. In addition, a set of calibrated weighing scales shall be available and in good working order.Hoses shall be complete with leak-free disconnect couplings and in good condition. Before using the recovery machine, check that it is in satisfactory working order, has beenproperly maintained and that any associated electrical components are sealed to prevent ignition in the event of a refrigerant release. Consult manufacturer if in doubt.The recovered refrigerant shall be returned to the refrigerant supplier in the correctrecovery cylinder, and the relevant Waste Transfer Note arranged. Do not mix refrigerants in recovery units and especially not in cylinders.If compressors or compressor oils are to be removed, ensure that they have beenevacuated to an acceptable level to make certain that flammable refrigerant does notremain within the lubricant. The evacuation process shall be carried out prior to retruning the compressor to the suppliers. Only electric heating to the compressor body shall be employed to accelerate this process. When oil is drained from a system, it shall be carried out safely.d) Pump down refrigerant system, if possible.e) If a vacuum is not possible, make a manifold so that refrigerant can be removed from various parts of the system.f) Make sure that cylinder is situated on the scales before recovery takes place.g) Start the recovery machine and operate in accordance with manufacturer s instructions.h) Do not overfill cylinders. (No more than 70% liquid volume. The liquid density of the refrigerant with a reference temperature of 50°C).i) Do not exceed the maximum working pressure of the cylinder, even temporarily.j) When the cylinders have been filled correctly and the process completed, make sure that the cylinders and the equipment are removed from site promptly and all isolation valves on the equipment are closed off.k) Recovered refrigerant shall not be charged into another refrigeration system unless it has been cleaned and checked.④③ Page 920. Venting of HC Refrigerant (R290)Venting may be carried out as an alternative to recovering the refrigerant. Because HC refrigerants have no ODP and negligible GWP, under certain circumstances it may beconsidered acceptable to vent the refrigerant. However, if this is to be considered, itshould be done in accordance with the relevant national rules or regulations, if theypermit.In particular, before venting a system, it would be necessary to: Ensure that legislation relating to waste material has been considered Ensure that environmental legislation has been considered Ensure that legislation addressing safety of hazardous substances is satisfied typically less than 500 g. taking placeThe hose must be of sufficient length and diameter such that it will extend to at least 3 m beyond the outside of the buildingThe venting should only take place on the certainty that the refrigerant will not get blown back into any adjacent buildings, and that it will not migrate to a location below ground level A device is used to raise the hose discharge at least 1 m above ground level and so that the discharge is pointed in an upwards direction (to assist with dilution)The end of the hose can now discharge and disperse the flammable fumes into the ambient air. There should not be any restriction or sharp bends within the vent-line which will hinder the ease of flow.The hose should be regularly checked to ensure that there are no holes or kinks in it, that could lead to leakage or blocking of the passage of flowWhen carrying out the venting, the flow of refrigerant should be metered using manifold gauges to a low flow rate, so as to ensure the refrigerant is well diluted. Once the refrigerant has ceased flowing, if possible, the system should be flushed out with OFN; if not, then the system should be pressurised with OFN and the venting procedure carried out two or more times, to ensure that there is minimal HC refrigerant remaining inside the system.CAUTION: Risk of fireExplanation of symbols displayed on the indoor unit or outdoor unit④③ Page 101. Transport of equipment containing flammable refrigerantsCompliance with the transport regulations2. Marking of equipment using signsCompliance with local regulations3. Disposal of equipment using flammable refrigerantsCompliance with national regulations4. Storage of equipment/appliancesThe storage of equipment should be in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.5. Storage of packed (unsold) equipmentStorage package protection should be constructed such that mechanical damage to the equipment inside the package will not cause a leak of the refrigerant charge.The maximum number of pieces of equipment permitted to be stored together will be determined by local regulations.21. Transportation, marking and storage for unitsWarning: low burningvelocity material(For products containing R32 refrignentcomply with the IEC 60335-2-40:2018standard only)The design and specifications are subject to change without prior notice for product improvement. Consult with the sales agency or manufacturer for details. Any updates to the manual will be uploaded to the service website, please check for the latest version.SAFETY MANUAL-R32(R290)-B1612220000305120210909此书适用机型:1. 所有R32/R290冷媒机型使用。
R32操作规程
F32 操作规程目录
一、反应岗位操作规程 1、岗位任务 2、岗位生产原理及流程说明 3、工艺指标与操作指标 4、开车前的准备工作 5、正常开车及操作 6、正常操作 7、停车注意事项及事故处理 二、水碱洗岗位操作规程 1、岗位任务 2、生产原理 3、水洗塔、碱洗塔开车 4、水、碱洗停车 5、水、碱洗操作指标 6、异常现象、产生原因、排除方法 三、精馏岗位操作规程 1、岗位任务 2、精馏原理及流程简介 3、工艺指标和操作指标 4、开车前的准备工作 5、开车 6、正常操作
一、反应岗位操作规程 1、岗位任务 将二氯甲烷和氟化氢在氟化催化剂存在的条件下,控制一定的温度 90~105℃和一定的压力 1.25~1.35MPa,在反应釜内连续进行氟化反应生 成 F32,反应气经水洗、碱洗后压缩冷淋成粗品供精馏。氟化反应是 F32 生产的关键,反应正常、稳定与否将直接影响到产量、质量、消耗,因 此必须按操作规程严格操作。 2、反应原理及流程说明 2.1 生产原理 F32 是以二氯甲烷和氟化氢为原料,以 SbCL5 为催化剂,按一定的配 比在外加热的条件下反应,其主要化学方程式:
7、正常停车与操作 8、异常现象及处理方法 四、灌装岗位操作规程 1、岗位任务 2、工艺指标 3、充装前准备工作 4、充装 5、安全注意事项 五、AHF 贮槽卸料操作规程 六、AHF 计量槽进料操作规程 七、各岗位的有关制度
-3-
对全部高中资料试卷电气设备,在安装过程中以及安装结束后进行高中资料试卷调整试验;通电检查所有设备高中资料电试力卷保相护互装作置用调与试相技互术关,系电,通力根1保过据护管生高线产中敷工资设艺料技高试术中卷0资不配料仅置试可技卷以术要解是求决指,吊机对顶组电层在气配进设置行备不继进规电行范保空高护载中高与资中带料资负试料荷卷试下问卷高题总中2体2资,配料而置试且时卷可,调保需控障要试各在验类最;管大对路限设习度备题内进到来行位确调。保整在机使管组其路高在敷中正设资常过料工程试况1卷中下安,与全要过,加度并强工且看作尽护下可1都关能可于地以管缩正路小常高故工中障作资高;料中对试资于卷料继连试电接卷保管破护口坏进处范行理围整高,核中或对资者定料对值试某,卷些审弯异核扁常与度高校固中对定资图盒料纸位试,置卷编.工保写况护复进层杂行防设自腐备动跨与处接装理地置,线高尤弯中其曲资要半料避径试免标卷错高调误等试高,方中要案资求,料技编试术写5、卷交重电保底要气护。设设装管备备置线4高、调动敷中电试作设资气高,技料课中并3术试、件资且中卷管中料拒包试路调试绝含验敷试卷动线方设技作槽案技术,、以术来管及避架系免等统不多启必项动要方高式案中,;资为对料解整试决套卷高启突中动然语过停文程机电中。气高因课中此件资,中料电管试力壁卷高薄电中、气资接设料口备试不进卷严行保等调护问试装题工置,作调合并试理且技利进术用行,管过要线关求敷运电设行力技高保术中护。资装线料置缆试做敷卷到设技准原术确则指灵:导活在。。分对对线于于盒调差处试动,过保当程护不中装同高置电中高压资中回料资路试料交卷试叉技卷时术调,问试应题技采,术用作是金为指属调发隔试电板人机进员一行,变隔需压开要器处在组理事在;前发同掌生一握内线图部槽 纸故内资障,料时强、,电设需回备要路制进须造行同厂外时家部切出电断具源习高高题中中电资资源料料,试试线卷卷缆试切敷验除设报从完告而毕与采,相用要关高进技中行术资检资料查料试和,卷检并主测且要处了保理解护。现装场置设。备高中资料试卷布置情况与有关高中资料试卷电气系统接线等情况,然后根据规范与规程规定,制定设备调试高中资料试卷方案。
2024版R32安全技术说明书(MSDS)
03 02
泄漏原因分析及预防措施
确保安装质量,加强接口紧固
加强员工培训,提高操作技能和安全意识
泄漏应急处理流程
人员疏散
迅速撤离泄漏区域,确保人员 安全
现场处置
采取紧急措施控制泄漏源,防 止事故扩大。使用专用工具和 设备进行泄漏物收集和处理
发现泄漏
立即停止设备运行,关闭相关 阀门,切断电源
报告与处置
向上级报告泄漏情况,启动应 急预案,组织专业人员进行处 置
医疗救护
对受伤人员进行现场急救,及 时送医治疗
泄漏后环境恢复与治理
环境监测
对泄漏区域进行持续的环境监 测,确保空气质量符合安全标
准
1
泄漏物处理
对收集的泄漏物进行妥善处理, 避免对环境造成二次污染
设备检修
对泄漏设备进行彻底检修,确 保设备恢复正常运行且不再发 生泄漏
更专业的救援支持。
加强与周边企业的合作
与周边使用R32的企业建立合作关系,共同 制定应急预案和处置措施,实现资源共享和 互助互救。
06
CATALOGUE
R32法规标准与合规性要求
国内外相关法规标准介绍
国际法规标准
R32的安全使用需符合国际制冷学会 (IIR)和国际标准化组织(ISO)等 相关国际组织制定的安全标准。
保持通风
储存场所应保持良好的 通风,以降低R32的浓度 和防止气体积聚。
温度控制
储存场所的温度应控制 在适宜范围内,避免高 温导致R32压力升高或发 生其他危险。
定期检查
定期对储存设施进行检 查,确保设施完好、无 泄漏,及时发现并处理 潜在的安全问题。
运输过程中的安全要求
专业运输工具
使用符合安全标准的专用 运输工具进行R32的运输, 确保运输过程中不发生泄 漏、倾倒等事故。
制冷剂R32安全技术说明书(MSDS)
制冷剂R32平安技术说明书第一部分:化学品名称化学品中文名称:DuPont (TM) SUVA (R) 32制冷剂。
化学品英文名称:DuPont™ SUVA® 134a refrigeranto其他名称:HFC-134a, SUVA 134a o推举的用途:制冷剂。
其次部分:成分/组成信息成分:1, 1, 1, 2.四氟乙烷。
浓度:100%。
CAS No.: 811-97-2。
第三部分:危急性概述GHS (全球化学品统一分类和标签制度)危急性类别:压力下气体、液化气体。
GIIS (全球化学品统一分类和标签制度)标签要素:①危害类型象形图:②警示词:警告。
▼③危急性说明:内含压力下气体,遇热可能爆炸。
④危害防范措施:防止日晒,存放于通风良好处。
其它不导致GHS分类或不包含在GHS中的危害:误用或有意滥用吸入,不予警告下可能导致死亡。
蒸汽比空气重,可能因缺氧而造成人员窒息。
液体的快速气化会引起冻伤。
第四部分:急救措施切勿给失去知觉者从嘴里喂食任何东西。
在症状持续或有疑问状况下,寻求医生建议。
吸入:脱离接触,躺下休息,转移到新颖空气处,让患者维持温存和休息,如有必不行少,进行人工呼吸和/或供氧,请教医生。
皮肤接触:假如接触到了,马上用大量水冲洗皮肤至少15分钟,马上脱掉全部污染的衣服,请教医生。
受污衣服再次使用前要洗涤,如有必不行少,当心缓慢地暖和受冻的部位。
眼睛接触:如接触到了,马上用大量水冲洗眼睛至少15分钟,如有必不行少,请教医生。
食入:不认为是潜在的败露途径。
急性的和延时的最重要症状/影响:无资料。
急救人员的防护:无资料。
给医治人员的提示:不耍赐予肾上腺素或类似的药物。
第五部分:消防措施灭火方法及灭火剂:依据当时状况和四周环境接受适合的灭火措施。
特殊的危急性:压力渐渐增加,着火或强热可能引起装饰的裂开。
特殊灭火方法及保卫消防人员的特殊防护装备:在着火状况下,使用自给式呼吸器,在失火后清理现场时要戴氯丁橡胶手套,用水喷雾冷却容器/贮槽,用过的水应当被围阻并在流走之前中和。
r32收氟操作流程
r32收氟操作流程To begin with, let me explain the process of charging R32 refrigerant. As an HVAC technician, I have performed this task numerous times, and I can guide you through the steps involved.1. Safety Precautions:Before starting the charging process, it is crucial to ensure safety. This includes wearing personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves and safety goggles. Additionally, make sure the area is well-ventilated to avoid inhaling any harmful gases.2. Gather the Required Tools and Equipment:To charge R32 refrigerant, you will need the following tools and equipment:R32 refrigerant cylinder.Charging hose with pressure gauge.Adjustable wrench.Refrigerant scale.Torque wrench.Leak detector.3. Prepare the System:Before charging the refrigerant, ensure that the HVAC system is properly installed and all connections are secure. Check for any leaks using a leak detector. If any leaks are detected, they must be repaired before proceeding.4. Connect the Charging Hose:Attach one end of the charging hose to the R32 refrigerant cylinder and the other end to the HVAC system'sservice port. Make sure the connections are tight andsecure using an adjustable wrench.5. Weigh the Refrigerant:Place the refrigerant cylinder on a refrigerant scale and zero it. Slowly open the cylinder valve and allow the refrigerant to flow into the system. Monitor the weight of the refrigerant on the scale to ensure the correct amountis being charged.6. Monitor the Pressure:While charging the refrigerant, monitor the pressure gauge on the charging hose. Refer to the system's manufacturer specifications for the recommended pressure range. Adjust the refrigerant flow accordingly to maintain the desired pressure.7. Close the Cylinder Valve:Once the correct amount of refrigerant has been charged,close the cylinder valve tightly using a torque wrench.This ensures that no refrigerant escapes from the cylinder.8. Check for Leaks:After charging the refrigerant, it is essential tocheck for any leaks. Use a leak detector to inspect all connections and joints. If any leaks are found, they mustbe repaired immediately.9. Complete the Process:Once the system is leak-free, replace the service port caps and ensure all tools and equipment are properly stored. Clean up the work area and dispose of any waste materials according to local regulations.中文回答:R32收氟操作流程。
2024年R32安全知识培训教程
R32安全知识培训教程一、引言R32制冷剂作为一种新型环保制冷剂,在我国空调、制冷行业得到了广泛应用。
然而,R32制冷剂具有一定的安全风险,为了确保从业人员的人身安全和设备的正常运行,加强对R32制冷剂的安全知识培训至关重要。
本教程旨在提高从业人员对R32制冷剂的安全意识,掌握相关安全操作技能,降低事故发生的风险。
二、R32制冷剂的基本特性1.物理性质:R32制冷剂是一种无色、无味、低毒的气体,具有较高的沸点和临界温度,常温下为气态。
2.化学性质:R32制冷剂主要成分为二氟甲烷,具有较低的燃烧爆炸风险,但仍需注意避免与明火、高温等火源接触。
3.环保性能:R32制冷剂臭氧层破坏潜能(ODP)为0,全球变暖潜能(GWP)相对较低,符合国际环保要求。
三、R32制冷剂的安全风险1.有毒:R32制冷剂具有一定的毒性,长时间吸入或接触高浓度R32制冷剂,可能导致中毒。
2.易燃:R32制冷剂在高温、高压条件下具有燃爆风险,需远离火源、高温设备。
3.压缩液化:R32制冷剂在制冷系统中处于高压状态,若设备损坏或操作不当,可能导致泄漏、爆炸等事故。
四、R32制冷剂的安全操作规程1.作业前准备:(1)检查设备:确保设备完好,无泄漏、磨损等现象。
(2)个人防护:佩戴防护眼镜、口罩、手套等防护用品。
(3)通风良好:确保作业现场通风良好,避免R32制冷剂浓度过高。
2.操作注意事项:(1)避免火源:远离明火、高温设备,禁止吸烟。
(2)防止静电:避免产生静电,如穿戴防静电服、使用防静电工具等。
(3)操作规范:严格按照设备操作规程进行操作,避免野蛮施工。
3.应急处理:(1)泄漏处理:发现泄漏时,立即关闭设备,开启通风设备,疏散现场人员,采取隔离、封堵等措施。
(2)中毒处理:若出现中毒症状,立即将患者移至通风处,拨打急救方式,进行现场急救。
(3)火灾处理:若发生火灾,使用干粉灭火器进行灭火,避免使用水或泡沫灭火器。
五、R32制冷剂的安全培训1.培训内容:(1)R32制冷剂的基本特性、安全风险及防范措施。
R32安全知识培训教程ppt课件
.
检漏报警系统
第四章 超声波金属焊接安全操作
操作本机需经过设备相关操作培训及考核,熟 悉相关防爆场所安全知识,具备基本的事故处 理素质,考试合格后方可操作本设备。其他人 员严禁随意操作设备。本岗位操作人员必须一 用一备,分厂不得随意更换人员,更换前需提 前通知设备动力部备案评审合格后方可上岗。
应班组、部门。
.
第二章 R32冷媒空调生产线安全操作
现场生产过程中打开电气盖,罩或进行线路的 改动操作, 如出现任何紧急情况,操作工要立 即按下急停开关,通知机修人员处理,如较大 的隐患同时通知周围人员并协助疏散 。
商检工序中,连接管道、电源线操作工,在进 行接线和测试时要确保,接线和拆线均在关闭 电源状态进行操作。在测试完后必须把测试连 接管按要求放好。如发生冷媒漏泄事故应立即 通知商检房内人员离开,同时按急停关闭所有 电源。生产线在正常运行时,严禁将手伸到线 体下运行链条内及在线体下取拿、存放物品。
.
第二章 R32冷媒空调生产线安全操作
开机前必须首先打开排风抽空系统,确认抽空速度稳 定后再进行其它操作;确认现场的爆炸气体检测装置 是否打开、正常。
严禁设备带病工作,严禁在检查后状态不明情况下开 机,确认安全装置正常稳定后,检查设备周边有无漏
泄、异常,后方可启动设备。
生产线班长每天要对照《设备交接班记录本》检查前 一班设备的使用情况,并着重检查目前的情况重点巡 查商检房内、返修区、灌注区设备情况和气体浓度检 测情况,对于开机就出现设备故障的情况,一定要追 究前生产班组和机修班组的责任。确保生产线无异常 情况开线,对于发现的问题及时报修处理并反馈给相
r32收氟操作流程
r32收氟操作流程
1. 准备工作:
- 检查收氟系统的完好性,确保无泄漏。
- 检查收氟装置(如冷阱、真空泵等)的工作状态。
- 准备好个人防护装备,如防化服、防毒面具等。
2. 收氟操作步骤:
- 启动真空泵,使收氟系统抽真空。
- 缓慢打开r32储罐阀门,使r32气体进入收氟系统。
- 监控系统压力、温度等参数,确保在安全范围内运行。
- 收氟过程中,定期检查冷阱的状况,必要时进行更换或清理。
- 待r32储罐内压力降至最低值时,关闭阀门。
- 持续运行一段时间,确保系统内残余r32被完全收集。
3. 收氟后处理:
- 关闭真空泵,使系统恢复常压。
- 检查收集容器,确认r32被妥善收集。
- 对收集容器进行适当标记和存储。
- 对收氟系统进行清洁和维护保养。
- 妥善处理任何残留物或废弃物。
4. 安全注意事项:
- 操作期间,佩戴个人防护装备,避免r32泄漏导致人员伤害。
- 远离明火和高热源,r32属于易燃气体。
- 操作区域保持良好通风,防止r32富集。
- 严格遵守操作规程,避免发生安全事故。
- 发生泄漏时,立即启动应急预案,控制和清理泄漏源。
以上是r32收氟操作的基本流程,具体操作时需结合实际情况并遵循相关法规和安全规范执行。
R32氟利昂产品安装维修操作指引(PPT36页)
六、安Байду номын сангаас操作规范
1、安装前准备
1.1安装前请先阅读说明书,根据说明书要求选择合适安装场所(如安装房间 面积要求,不同冷媒的使用面积详见下表)。并对安装场所进行安全检查,确 保没有明火和潜在点火源(包括吸烟在内),并控制隔离可燃材料。
四、运输要求
运输指安装和维修过程中的可燃冷媒空调器的运输。
➢运输过程中装载可燃冷媒空调器的区域不允许密闭。必要时对运输工 具采取防静电等措施。
➢运输时应注意匀速前进,避免急加速或者急刹车,以减少货物碰撞, 摩擦导致制冷管道泄漏可燃制冷剂,引起局部可燃浓度达到爆炸浓度。
➢不应同车运输泡沫、海绵、纸张等易燃物品,不应同车运输化纤衣料 等易产生静电的物品。
防拆帽一对,放在附 件包内
用在室内外连接管靠内机侧
六、安装操作规范
2、安装过程
2.2.2 抽真空要求
参考R410A产品要求,抽真空、保压和打开大小阀芯、固定好后盖螺 帽。严禁采用机内冷媒排空!具体抽空步骤如下:
(1).将歧管阀充注软管连接于低压阀充注口(注氟嘴),高低压阀此时都要关紧。 (2).将充注软管接头与真空泵连接。 (3).完全打开歧管阀Lo(低压)手柄,开动真空泵抽真空。 (4).一般23~35 机型抽真空约15 分钟,45~65 机型抽 真空约20 分钟,70 机及以上机型抽真空约30 分钟, 确定压力表指针是否指在-0.1MPa(-76cmHg)处,抽真 空完成后,完全关紧歧管阀低压(Lo)手柄,关闭真空泵。 (5).抽真空完成后需要保压一段时间,以检查系统是否 漏。一般45 机型以下保压3 分钟,45 机及以上机型保 压5 分钟,保压期间检查压力回弹不能超过0.005MPa (0.05 公斤)。 (6).检查真空后,稍微打开液阀放气,以平衡系统压力, 防止拆管时空气进入,拆下软管后再完全打开高低压阀。 (7).上紧高、低压阀阀帽以及充注口(注氟嘴)阀帽。
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发放编号: 文件编号:持有者: 控制性质: 版本号:F32装置操作规程编 制:修 订:核 对:审 核:批 准:F32操作规程目录一、反应岗位操作规程1、岗位任务2、岗位生产原理及流程说明3、工艺指标与操作指标4、开车前的准备工作5、正常开车及操作6、正常操作7、停车注意事项及事故处理二、水碱洗岗位操作规程1、岗位任务2、生产原理3、水洗塔、碱洗塔开车4、水、碱洗停车5、水、碱洗操作指标6、异常现象、产生原因、排除方法三、精馏岗位操作规程1、岗位任务2、精馏原理及流程简介3、工艺指标和操作指标4、开车前的准备工作5、开车6、正常操作7、正常停车与操作8、异常现象及处理方法四、灌装岗位操作规程1、岗位任务2、工艺指标3、充装前准备工作4、充装5、安全注意事项五、AHF贮槽卸料操作规程六、AHF计量槽进料操作规程七、各岗位的有关制度一、反应岗位操作规程1、岗位任务将二氯甲烷和氟化氢在氟化催化剂存在的条件下,控制一定的温度90~105℃和一定的压力1.25~1.35MPa,在反应釜内连续进行氟化反应生成F32,反应气经水洗、碱洗后压缩冷淋成粗品供精馏。
氟化反应是F32生产的关键,反应正常、稳定与否将直接影响到产量、质量、消耗,因此必须按操作规程严格操作。
2、反应原理及流程说明2.1生产原理F32是以二氯甲烷和氟化氢为原料,以SbCL5为催化剂,按一定的配比在外加热的条件下反应,其主要化学方程式:2HF+CH2CL2→CH2F2﹢2HCL 氟化反应的关键是催化剂,如果没有催化剂,反应是很难进行的,F32生产选用SbCL5作为催化剂,其氟化过程按下式进行的:2HF+SbCL5→SbCL3F2﹢2HCL SbCL3F2﹢CH2CL2→CH2F2﹢SbCL5 上述反应要求原料中的水分及SO2含量要符合要求,因为水分含量高一方面使反应釜受到严重腐蚀,另一方面使SbCL5水解,而SO2含量高易使Sb5+还原Sb3+,使催化剂中毒。
2.2 工艺流程简述二氯甲烷经大储槽由磁力泵输送到二氯甲烷计量槽,电子称重计量后经多级泵由流量调节阀调节到规定的流量,再经预热器加热到90℃左右进反应釜,无水氟化氢经大储槽由屏蔽液下泵输送到计量槽,电子称重计量后,经计量泵并调节到规定的流量进反应釜。
原料AHF和CH2CL2以均匀的速度连续投料,AHF与CH2CL2投料配比为1:1.8~2.2(重量比),两种原料在釜温90~105℃,釜压1.25~1.35MPa并在催化剂存在的条件下连续反应,反应粗品气至反应精馏塔,塔顶气体经缓冲罐至水、碱洗除去HCL和HF后经气柜,再经压缩、冷淋成粗品供精馏工序提纯,反应进行12小时后,开始向釜内通氯气。
2.3 流程说明(1)原料AHF:可由钢瓶包装至现场,电子秤称重显示计量,两只钢瓶串联使用,空压输送至计量泵。
或经计量槽电子秤称重,DCS系统显示计量,计量泵调节到一定的流量。
(2)原料CH2CL2:可由计量槽液位刻度显示重量,空压输送至计量泵。
或经计量槽电子秤称重,DCS系统显示计量,经多级泵由流量自动调节装置调节到一定的流量。
3、工艺指标与操作指标3.1主要工艺指标(1)氟化反应器反应压力:1.25~~1.35MPa;(2)氟化反应器反应温度: 90~~105℃;(3)反应精馏塔冷顶温度: -5~5℃;(4)水洗塔水洗温度: 常温;(5)碱洗塔碱洗温度: 常温;(6)粗品组份含量: F32≥95%;3.2、主要控制指标序号设备名称控制项目单位技术指标备 注HF: CH2CL21:1.8~2.2重量比反应压力MPa 1.25~1.35反应温度℃90~105 1氟化反应器反应精馏塔冷顶温度℃5~-5反应粗品含量%≥95 2水洗塔水洗温度℃常 温碱浓度%5~10 3碱洗塔碱温度℃常 温4气 柜气柜高度%1/3~2/3出口压力MPa≤ 1.6 5压缩机出口温度℃≤ 1004、开车前的准备工作4.1 原始开车前应对设备、管道试压、查漏、吹扫(1)AHF大储槽→计量槽→计量泵应用0.6MPa干燥空气或氮气对设备和所有管线试压,合格后开始保压,要求24小时保压后,系统压力≥0.58MPa,卸压的同时,打开各设备放空阀、排污阀,进行管道的吹扫。
(2)CH2CL2多级泵出口、AHF计量泵出口→反应釜进口管道应用1.6MPa干燥空气或氮气试压、查漏,要求对每段管线都必须认真吹扫,肥皂水查漏,尤其是计量泵、多级泵前管路杂质吹扫和AHF的系统查漏特别重要。
(3)反应釜→缓冲罐出口应用1.6MPa干燥空气或氮气对设备和所有管线试压,合格后开始保压,卸压时,打开反应釜、缓冲罐排污阀,进行管线吹扫。
(4)缓冲罐→水、碱洗系统用水封的方法试漏,具体方法是在水、碱塔中充满水,观察水、碱洗塔上各法兰或阀门连接的地方有没有水渗出。
(5)气柜→压缩机进口试漏:用干燥空气或氮气将钟罩升高,经24小时后,要求气柜高度不变。
(6)压缩机后→粗品槽:从压缩机出口到粗品槽出口用2.0MPa干燥空气或氮气对设备和所有管线试压,合格后开始保压,要求24小时保压≥1.8MPa。
(7)蒸汽、冷冻盐水、循环水系统用1.0MPa干燥空气或氮气试压。
4.2 仔细检查所有设备、管线、阀门是否接错,完毕后挂牌以免操作失误。
4.3 检查原料管路上的各个阀门是否畅通(尤其是AHF管路);阀杆转动是否灵活,不合格的阀门立即更换;机泵能否正常运转;仪表显示是否正常;DCS系统是否在实时监控状态。
4.4 检查工具、劳保用品、记录本、笔、计算器、报表等。
4.5 检查公用工程:水、电、汽、冷是否满足工艺要求。
4.6 原料准备是否充分,能否满足生产要求。
4.7 开反应釜夹套蒸汽,将反应釜缓慢升温至100 ℃左右,烘干反应釜。
同时开真空泵抽真空。
完毕后关闭相关阀门,停蒸汽加热。
4.8 配好碱循环槽内的碱,控制浓度在10 %左右。
4.9 打开CH2CL2大贮槽出料阀,原料泵的进出口阀、计量槽进口阀,关计量槽出口阀,向计量槽进料,通过DCS系统或现场液位显示进料结束。
注意保证大贮槽及计量槽的液位不能突破(大贮槽不能低于30 %,计量槽重量不超过10吨)。
以免损坏原料泵或原料外溢。
4.10 按照《AHF计量槽操作规程》向AHF计量槽中进入AHF4.11 通知冷冻岗位开冷冻机组,待盐水温度至-10℃时,打开反应精馏塔冷冻盐水进出口阀门,当冷顶温度至0℃左右,时,准备投入CH2CL2。
4.12 打开CH2CL2计量槽出口阀、多级泵进出口阀、及流量调节阀、预热器进出口阀,反应釜CH2CL2进料阀,启动多级泵,向反应釜进CH2CL2,同时调节流量到正常操作范围,停泵并关闭相关阀门。
4.13 准备好五氯化锑贮罐,称重并记录,连接好贮罐至反应釜催化剂进口的紫铜管。
4.14 向反应釜中压入一定量的SbCl5,关闭相关阀门,拆开紫铜管。
5、开车5.1 打开反应釜夹套蒸汽调节阀,手动调节阀微开,使反应缓慢升温并在关键温度点(50 ℃)适当恒温。
观察反应釜其它温度点的温升及反应釜釜压的变化情况。
5.2 打开碱循环泵进出口阀门,启动循环泵,控制泵出口压力<0.5MPa;打开循环水增压泵进出口阀,转子流量计进出口阀,控制水流量。
5.3 当反应釜中、下部温度达到70 ℃时,依次打开AHF计量槽出口阀、计量泵进出口阀、CH2CL2计量槽出口阀、多级泵进出口阀,预热器进出口阀、反应釜上AHF和CH2CL2进口阀,开始向釜内进料。
注意控制AHF计量泵的量程和多级泵的流量,AHF计量泵和多级泵的出口压力≥1.6MPa保证AHF进料量、CH2CL2进料量,按重量配比操作。
5.4 此后的升温速率必须保证釜压接近对照表中当前温度下的AHF的压力。
5.5 打开气柜补水阀,补好气柜水封,打开气柜进口阀。
5.6 当釜压达 1.3 MPa时,缓慢打开调节阀出气,控制釜压1.25~1.35MPa,并调节好蒸汽,控制反应釜中、下温度在90~105℃.5.7 当气柜升至一定高度后,开气柜出口阀,启动氟压机,调节并控制好气柜高度在正常范围内60%左右。
6、正常操作6.1 原始开车,投料12小时后需通氯气,调节好阀门开度,控制通氯量为2~4kg/h;6.2 正常操作控制原料配比:AHF:CH2CL2=1:1.8~2.2(重量比)。
并视组份情况及时适当调整。
反应温度:90~105℃顶压:1.25~1.35MPa.冷顶温度:5~-5℃;6.3 控制好水洗、碱洗流量;6.4 控制好反应精馏塔顶冷凝器盐水量;6.5 密切注意出气量,并随时计算粗品产量,每公斤AHF应产粗品,1.15~1.3公斤,若出气量偏少,应立即查找原因。
7、正常停车及操作7.1按停车按钮,停止投料,关闭两原料管线上相关阀门,顺序为:反应釜→预热器进出口→泵进出口→计量槽出口;7.2 反应釜气相出口手动缓慢卸压;7.3 关闭反应釜夹套蒸汽阀门;7.4 关闭冷凝器盐水阀门;7.5 停水增压泵,关闭水洗塔顶吸收水阀;7.6 停止碱循环泵。
8、紧急停车与事故处理8.1 紧急停车紧急停车的条件:(1)凡设备发生不能立即修复的故障,已不能维持运转。
(2)突然停电、停水、停蒸汽、停仪表气源、停冷冻盐水等动力供给,不能继续维持正常运行。
(3)其它偶然性突发事故,不可克服而严重影响正常生产的,经厂部、车间同意。
8.2 事故处理事故处理原则:确保自身及他人安全,避免事故进一步扩大。
(1)凡符合紧急停车条件的按紧急停车的步骤处理,无关操作人员离开事故现场,处理事故的操作人员按规定配齐必要的防护用品;(2)立即与厂部等有关部门联系,迅速成立事故处理临时指挥部,制定进一步处理方案;(3)为防止事故进一步扩大,应重点考虑以下保护措施::a 防止氟化反应釜超温、超压;b 防止大量跑料及其SbCL5、AHF的泄漏;c 防止火灾、爆炸等事故的发生或扩大;d 及时作好事故发生及处理的记录;8.3 事故处理措施(1)设备事故序号部位事故原因发生现象处理方法1氟化反应釜反应釜腐蚀穿孔1 反应压力无法维持2加热蒸汽出口有物料泄漏3 酸度计显示酸性紧急停车关反应釜夹套蒸汽进出口阀门2膜式吸收器进气管腐蚀、漏气有HCL、F32等漏出正常停车3碱洗塔碱洗塔堵塞碱洗塔回料管处有粗料气泄漏正常停车(2)突然停水、电、汽、冷等:突然停水、停电、停蒸汽、停冷冻盐水、停仪表气源、停供循环水等,为了不再发生新的不安全事故,尽快恢复生产,须做到:a)停水、停汽:按“紧急停车按钮”切断相关进料及加热蒸汽后,再手动关闭相关阀门。
b)停电:手动停泵并切断加热蒸汽,关闭相关阀门,严防反应超压。
c)查明原因,若时间长,则缓慢卸至常压;若为短时停车,则保温保压,待恢复后开车。
(3)反应釜腐蚀穿孔a)按紧急停车按钮,切断相关阀门停止进料,关加热蒸汽进出口阀。