2013年湖南省长沙市高三年级高考模拟试卷
长沙市一中2013届高三第一次模拟考试语文试卷及答案解析
长沙市一中2013届高三第一次模拟考试语文试卷及答案解析一、语言文字运用（12分，每小题3分）1．下列词语中加点的字，读音全都相同的一组是( )A．凑合蹙额猝不及防一蹴而就B. 块垒市侩脍炙人口快马加鞭C．饶恕妖娆干戈扰攘抓耳挠腮D．旨意福祉咫尺天涯苦心孤诣答案B（B项全读kuai;A项，“凑”读cou，其它读“cu”；C项“饶”“娆”读rao，“扰”读rao，“挠”读noo;D项“诣”渎yi，其它读zhi）2．下列各句中，有错别字的一句是( )A．温家宝对香港特首梁振英说：我们相信，你一定能不辱使命，不辜负香港市民对你的信任，不辜负中央政府对你的厚望B.生死有命，富贵在天，令尊活到如今，已是高寿，再加上你们都很效顺，我想老人家在天有灵当感欣慰，请节哀顺便吧！C．幸福，对于贫困山区的孩子来说出奇简单，也许只是一餐热腾腾的午饭，然而这顿午饭完全可能成为一个梦想的助推器。
D．最近，国台办发言人范丽青表示，中国对南海诸岛及其附近海域拥有无可争辩的主权，所以两岸同胞都有责任加以维护。
答案B（“效顺”应改为“孝顺”；“节哀顺便”中的“便”应改为“变”。
节哀顺变：节制悲哀，顺应变故。
用于吊唁慰问。
）3．下列各句中，加点的成语使用不恰当的一句是( )A．在上世纪的五四新文化运动中，一批头角峥嵘的年轻人，认真思考民族的命运，勇敢地站出来探索救国救民的道路。
B．现在有些学生想尽办法到国外去留学，却又不能利用好的教育条件，真正去刻苦攻读，结果所费不赀，却学无所成。
C．心理学家研究表明，人们对直接批评的接受率只有20%，如果采用旁敲侧击式的批评，反而能收到意想不到的效果。
D．欧洲主权债务危机持续恶化，欧洲各国社会中下阶层的失业人口大幅增长，人们对于这种人浮于事的状况日益不满。
答案D（D项人浮于事：指人员的数最多于一r作所需，人多事少。
不适用于指失业找不到工作。
A项头角峥嵘：形容年轻有为，气概不凡。
B项所费不赀：花费的钱财无法计算，形容耗资极大。
2013年长沙市高考模拟试卷文数
2013年长沙市高考模拟试卷数学（文科）参考答案及评分标准一、选择题（本大题共9小题，每小题5分，共45分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是二、填空题：本大题共8小题，考生作答7小题，每小题5分，共35分，把答案填在答题卡中对应题号后的横线上． 10.2． 11.2312.3 13. 15314(1)4±(2)[]5,5-15.(1)0 (2)1093三、解答题：本大题共6小题，共75分，解答应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤． 16．（本小题满分12分）解：（1）3,2,13,7163==∴==a d a a ， ……2分()12213+=⨯-+=∴n n a n ，()()22123+=++=n n n n S n……6分 （2）()()⎪⎭⎫⎝⎛+-=+=+=-=111411412221112n n n n n n a b n n ……8分所以数列{}n b 的前项的和()1411141111312121141+=⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛+-=⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛+-++-+-=n nn n n T n ……12分17．（本小题满分12分）解：（1）根据共调查了40人，其中男生25人，女生15人．男生中有15人爱好体育，另外10人爱好文娱．女生中有5人爱好体育，另外10人爱好文娱，得到列联表．()()()()()()072.2667.238152520205015040222>≈=⨯⨯⨯-⨯=++++-=d b c a d c b a bc ad n K ，而()15.0072.22=>K p ，∴有85%的把握可以认为性别与是否更喜欢体育有关系． （2）从男生中选出3人记为C B A ,,，从女生中选出2人记为b a ,，从这5人中选出2人的基本事件为 ()B A ,、()C A ,、()a A ,、()b A ,、()C B ,、()a B ,、()b B ,、()a C ,、()b C ,、()b a ,共10种，两人性别相同的情形有()B A ,、()C A ,、()C B ,、()b a ,共4种，故概率.52104==P 18．（本小题满分12分）解：⑴因为⊥PA ABCD ，⊂DE ABCD ，所以⊥PA DE ，取AD 的中点F ，连接EF ，则EF 是梯形ABCD 的中位线，所以AB EF //且22=+=CDAB EF ， ……2分 在ADC Rt ∆和DEF Rt ∆中，090=∠=∠ADC EFD ，2==DCAD DF EF ， 所以EFD ∆∽ADC ∆，DAC FED ∠=∠，所以DE AC ⊥ ……5分 因为A AC PA = ，所以⊥DE 平面PAC ． ……6分 ⑵由⑴知平面⊥PDE 平面PAC ， ……7分 设G AC DE = ，连接PG ，在PAG Rt ∆中作PG AH ⊥，垂足为H ， 则⊥AH 平面PDE ，所以APH ∠是PA 与平面PDE 所成的角， ……9分由⑴知，在ADG Rt ∆中，2=AD ，21tan ==∠AD CD CAD ， 所以54cos =∠⨯=CAD AD AG ，因为⊥PA ABCD ，所以56=PG ，32sin sin ==∠=∠PG AG APG APH ，即为PA 与平面PDE 所成角的正弦值.……12分 19．（本小题满分13分）解：（1）过O 作H BC OH ,⊥为垂足． 当04π≤∂≤时，E 在边AB 上，F 在线段BH 上，（如图1），此时2tan ,2tan ,4AE FH π⎛⎫=∂=-∂⎪⎝⎭……2分-4-2tan -2tan -4OAE OHF OABH S S S S π∆∆⎛⎫∴=-=∂∂ ⎪⎝⎭正方形……4分当04π≤∂≤时，E 在线段BH 上， F 在线段CH 上，此时22,,3tan tan 4EH FH π==∂⎛⎫-∂ ⎪⎝⎭……5分，综上所述，42tan 2tan ,044112,3tan 42tan 4S πππππ⎧⎛⎫⎛⎫-∂--∂≤∂< ⎪ ⎪⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭⎪⎪⎛⎫=⎨ ⎪⎛⎫⎪ ⎪+≤∂< ⎪⎪∂⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭-∂⎪ ⎪⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭⎩ ……7分(2)当04π≤∂≤时，24-2t a n -2t a n-821t a n 41t a n S π⎛⎫⎛⎫=∂∂=-+∂+⎪ ⎪+∂⎝⎭⎝⎭，9分200tan 1,11tan 2,1tan 41tan π≤∂≤≤∂≤≤+∂≤∴+∂+≥+∂，2211,,233tan tan tan tan 44EOFEF S S ππ∆⎛⎫⎪ ⎪∴=+∴==+∂∂⎛⎫⎛⎫ ⎪-∂-∂ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭24≤∴S ,当tan ∂=时，S 取得最大值为24-8． ……13分20．（本小题满分l3分）解：（1）设椭圆C 的方程为：22221x y a b+=（a ＞b ＞0），则a 2－b 2=1．①∵当l 垂直于x 轴时，A ，B 两点坐标分别是（1，2b a ）和（1，－2b a ），∴ OA OB =（1，2b a ）•（1，－2b a ）=1－42b a ，则1－42b a＝12，即a 2=2b 4．②由①，②消去a ，得2b 4－b 2－1=0．∴b 2=1或b 2=－12． 当b 2=1时，a 2=2 ．因此椭圆C 的方程为2212x y +=． ……5分（2）当直线斜率不存在时，易求A （1，B （1，P （0,1），所以PA ＝（1－1），PB ＝（1－1），PF ＝（1，－1）， 由t PA PB tPF +=使，得t ＝2，直线l 的方程为x ＝1 ……7分 当直线斜率存在时，设直线l 的方程为y ＝k （x －1），A ＝（x 1，y 1），B ＝（x 2，y 2）， 所以，PA ＝（x 1，y 1－1），PB ＝（x 2，y 2－1），PF ＝（1，－1）， 由t PA PB tPF +=使，得121211x x t y y t +=⎧⎨-+-=-⎩即12122x x ty y t+=⎧⎨+=-⎩因为y 1＝k （x 1－1），y 2＝k （x 2－1），所以，y 1＋y 2＝k （x 1＋x 2－2），解得k ＝－1 此时，直线l 的方程为y ＝－x ＋1， ……9分联立22121x y y x ⎧+=⎪⎨⎪=-+⎩，得3x 2－4x ＝0，t ＝x 1＋x 2＝43，所以，当直线斜率存在时，t ＝43，直线l 的方程为y ＝－x ＋1，综上所述，存在实数t 且t ＝2时，直线方程为x ＝1，当t ＝43时，直线l 的方程为y ＝－x ＋1，……13分 21．（本小题满分l3分）解：由2e k =得()()=-=x g x f y ,2x e e x -所以2'e e y x -=，……2分……5分……7分……9分……11分……13分倚窗远眺，目光目光尽处必有一座山，那影影绰绰的黛绿色的影，是春天的颜色。
湖南省长沙市2013届高三高考模拟数学(文)试题 Word版含答案
科目：数学（文科）（试题卷）注意事项：1. 答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号写在答题卡和该试题卷的封面上，并认真核对条形码的姓名、准考证号和科目。
2. 选择题和非选择题均须在答题卡上作答，在本试题卷和草稿纸上作答无效。
考生在答题卡上按答题卡中注意事项的要求答题。
3. 本试题卷共5页。
如缺页，考生须及时报告监考老师，否则后果自负。
4. 考试结束后，将本试题卷和答题一并交回。
姓名准考证号2013年长沙市高考模拟试卷（一）数 学（文科）长沙市教科院组织名优教师联合命制 满分：150分 时量：120分钟说明：本卷为试题卷，要求将所有试题答案或解答做在答题卷指定位置上.一、选择题（本大题共9小题，每小题5分，共45分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的） 1．已知z 是复数，i 是虚数单位，()z i -1在复平面中对应的点为P ，若P 对应的复数是模等于2的负实数，那么=zA ．i --1B ．i +-1C ．i -1D ．i -2．已知不等式b ax x +-2>0的解集为(-1，2)，m 是a 和b 的等比中项，那么33223b a a m +=A ．3B ．-3C ．-1D ．13．以双曲线15422=-y x 的离心率为首项，以函数()24-=xx f 的零点为公比的等比数列的前n 项的和=n SA ．()23123--⨯nB ．n 233-C ．32321-+nD ． 3234n-4．当()x f y =是下列的( )时，f ′(x)一定是增函数。
A ．二次函数B ．反比例函数C ．对数函数D ．指数函数5．已知几何体M 的正视图是一个面积为2π的半圆，俯视图是正三角形，那么这个几何体的表面积和体积为 A ．6π和334πB ．6π+43和338π C ．6π+43和334πD ．4(π+3)和334π侧视俯视7．与抛物线x y 82=相切倾斜角为0135的直线l 与x 轴和y 轴的交点分别是A 和B ，那么过A 、B 两点的最小圆截抛物线x y 82=的准线所得的弦长为 A ．4B ．22C ．2D ．28．已知直线l 与平面α平行，P 是直线l 上的一点，平面α内的动点B 满足：PB 与直线l 成060。
【英语】湖南省长沙县实验中学2013届高三高考模拟(一)
审题人：刘松李秀琴黄笑宇彭桂湘Part I Listening Comprehension (30 marks)Section A (22.5 marks)Directions: In this section, you will hear six conversations between two speakers. For each conversation, there are several questions and each question is followed by three choices marked A, B and C. Listen carefully and then choose the best answer for each question.You will hear each conversation TWICE.Conversation 11. What time is it now?A. 9:26B. 9:46C. 9:112. What are they doing now?A. Getting readyB. Watching TVC. Cleaning the house Conversation 23. Why was Tommy so hungry?A. Because he played footballB. Because he didn’t have lunch.C. Because he had not anything to eat4. What will Tommy eat?A. some applesB. some pearsC. some cakes Conversation 35. What’s wrong with the shirt?A. It’s a little small.B. It’s a little large.C. The color ran easily6. Why does the man have to change it for another one?A. The manager is out.B. He is very busyC. He like this fashion Conversation 47. What does the woman think of the man’s house?A. ModernB. TraditionalC. Beautiful and friendly8. What does the man think of living in the city?A. Comfortable and convenientB. Beautiful and friendlyC. Too hot and noisy.9. What does the woman want her house built with?A. Steel, concrete and glassB. Earth, wood or bambooC. Steel, earth and plastic Conversation 510. What’s the relationship between the two speakers?A. Mother and sonB. Teacher and studentC. Classmates11. What do you think of the boy?A. An old student thereB. A new student thereC. A teacher there12. When should they get to school?A. At 7:30B. At 8:00C. At 8:10Conversation 613. Why does the girl want to make money?A. Because she wants to go on a trip.B. Because she wants to support her family.C. Because she wants to get rich.14. What will the girl do to earn money?A. To deliver newspapers.B. To collect old news papers.C. To walk dogs for others.15. Why do people have their dogs walked?A. Because they want their dogs to be fierce enough.B. Because they are busy working themselves.C. Because their dogs have to be fedSection B (7.5 marks)Directions: In this section, you will hear a short passage. Listen carefully and then fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Fill in each blank with NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS.Part ⅡLanguage Knowledge (45 marks)Section A (15 marks)Directions: For each of the following unfinished sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence.Example:The wild flowers looked like a soft orange blanket _____ the desert.A. coveringB. coveredC. coverD. to coverThe answer is A.21.Chinese President Xi Jinping promised on Sunday, “We’ll make great efforts the Chinese dream.”A. achievingB. achievedC. to achieveD. to have achieved22.—Professor Smith, can I meet you at 10 o’clock tomorrow morning?—Oh, I’m sorry. I a lecture at Hunan Normal University.A. giveB. am givingC. will giveD. will be giving23.More than 200 dead pigs in the waterways have raised urgent concern.A. foundB. being foundC. to be foundD. having found24.Nowadays, Chinese consumers are increasingly aware of their rights. , safety and quality issues remain top concerns.A. ThereforeB. InsteadC. HoweverD. Anyhow25.Micro-letters (Weixin) will be charged has not been decided yet.A. ThatB. WhetherC. WhichD. Since26.Missing in Thailand, a comedy about two rival Chinese businessmen and a simple-minded pancake maker, box offices records since Dec 12.A. is breakingB. are breakingC. has brokenD. have broken27.No driving after drinking is a rule that every driver _______ obey in our country.A. willB. shallC. mayD. can28.It was with great joy the couple found their missing son after 18 years.A. whenB. thatC. whatD. which29.I lunch when I learned that former British prime minister Margaret Thatcher had passed away.A. ateB. had eatenC. was eatingD. were eating30.out of the high school, he had difficulty in finding a job and led a tough life.A. DroppedB. DroppingC. To dropD. Being dropped31.Is it He Long Sports Centre you are going to watch the football match?A. whereB. thatC. whichD. when32.The school will have a kite flying competition next Saturday, and all the students to bring a kite with them.A. expectB. expectedC. are expectedD. have been expected33.you are so eager to join the school basketball team, why not try out for it?A. WhileB. Now thatC. ThoughD. Unless34.By the side of the Bird’s Nest , completed in 2008.A. there standing the Water CubeB. stands the Water CubeC. does the Water Cube standD. the Water Cube stands35.—Our train to Shenzhen didn’t leave until 14:30 because of something wrong with the railway.—Such a long delay! This train at 13:00.A. leftB. will leaveC. leavesD. has leftSection B (18 marks)Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, Cand D. Fill in the blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.My partner and I were staying in Beruwela on the Southwest coast of Sri Lanka when the tsunami(海啸) hit. We 36 from the first floor of our hotel. At that time, a wall of water swept in and tore the ground floor apart underneath us. 37 to be moved out to Colombo was very frightening because everyone was afraid that another and possibly bigger 38 would come. At one stage we heard that another wave was coming and there was 39 . Surprisingly, a fleet of small vehicles driven by local people arrived outside the hotel and we just 40 a minibus.We were taken up a hill to a place of 41 where we were welcomed by a family who told us that we could stay as 42 as we needed to. Among all this death and 43 , these people were trying to help us! We were shown to the local Mosque where hundreds of locals were cooking, collecting and distributing food and supplies for those less 44 . In the three days we were waiting to leave, we saw many examples of ordinary Sri Lankans, many of whom had lost friends, 45 and livelihoods（生计，谋生方式）, trying to help others who were worse off. It was a very moving experience.We have since been 46 the family who took us in and they are saying that what their country needs most urgently is practical help, doctors, nurses and medicines, helping to 47 roads and rebuilding electricity and water supplies. These people would have done anything to help us, it is time for the British Government to do more to help them.36. A. heard B. watched C. learnt D. moved37. A. Telling B. Forcing C. Waiting D. Ordering38. A. wave B. flood C. hurricane D. water39. A. panic B. peace C. silence D. violence40. A. looked into B. turned to C. jumped into D. broke into41. A. safety B. warmth C. goodness D. dreams42. A. well B. far C. soon D. long43. A. kindness B. happiness C. love D. destruction44. A. careful B. fortunate C. dependent D. energetic45. A. children B. experts C. family D. relatives46. A. in honor of B. by way of C. in contact with D. on behalf of47. A. make B. clear C. clean D. buildSection C (12 marks)Directions: Complete the following passage by filling in each blank with one word that best fits the context.Now it is becoming more and more popular to chat over the Internet, because you can find it48. _______ expensive to do that than to make a long distance call. This makes Internet chatting49. _______ attractive option if you live far away from family and friends, 50. ______ you are ona budget.You can also complete 51. _______ tasks while chatting over the Internet. For example, you can read and reply to emails, finish typing a document, or have a conversation 52. ______ someone who is in the room. This can be an advantage 53. ______ you are busy and don’t have much time for personal chatting. This can also be a disadvantage because you aren’t giving the other person or task your full attention.Because you can do kinds of tasks 54. _______ chatting on the Internet, it can become easy to lose track of time. You can end up chatting longer than you intended to, 55. ______ can make it difficult to complete other tasks.PartⅢReading Comprehension (30 marks)Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions orunfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one thatfits best according to the information given in the passage.AA 34-year-old mother has spoken of how she woke up thinking she was 15 years old and living in 1992.Naomi Jacobs, from Manchester, was convinced she was still a teenager. In her mind, John Major was Prime Minister and George Bush Sr. was running the White House. She also showed how she screamed when a boy appeared and called her “Mum”. Mobile phones an d e-mails were puzzling and Google, Facebook and YouTube sounded like made-up words, she said.Ms. Jacobs, who had no memory of the years, was told by doctors that she had Transient Global Amnesia (TGA). She has now written a book about the experience which happened in 2008.“I fell asleep in 1992 as a brave, very confident know-it-all-15-year-old, and woke up as a 32-year-old single mum living in a rented house,” Ms. Jacobs said. “The last thing I remember was falling asleep in my bed, dreaming about a boy in my class. When I woke up, I looked in themirror and had the fright of my life when I saw an old woman with wrinkles staring back at me. Then a little boy appeared and started calling me Mum. That’s when I started to scream. I didn’t know who he was. I didn’t think he was much younger than I was, and I certainly didn’t remember giving birth to him. I began sobbing uncontrollably. I just wanted my mum. I couldn’t get my head around going to bed one night and waking up in a different century.”TGA is a rare type of amnesia which can occur suddenly, affecting around three people per 100,000 each year. Fortunately, permanent memory loss is rare. Ms. Jacobs’ memory started to return after eight weeks.Some people who often suffer from migraines (偏头痛) also appear to be more likely to have TGA. The cause of TGA is unknown. Some think that it may be caused by a temporary cut of blood flow to parts of the brain involved in memory.56. When a little boy came to call her “Mum”, Naomi Jacobs was _____.A. excitedB. frightenedC. worriedD. embarrassed57. What was the last thing Naomi Jacobs could remember?A. She was a brave and confident girl.B. She met an old woman with wrinkles.C. George Bush Sr. was elected President.D. She fell asleep dreaming of a boy in her class.58. According to the text, TGA _____.A. is quite commonB. is caused by brain injuriesC. results in permanent memory lossD. causes people to lose part of their memory59. What’s the main idea of the text?A. Naomi Jacobs has a poor memory.B. Naomi Jacobs gets an amazing career after TGA.C. Naomi Jacobs wakes up with the memory of her youth.D. Naomi Jacobs succeeds in overcoming the disease.60. According to the passage, we know _______.A. Ms. Jacobs’ memory returned to normal nowB. Ms. Jacobs often doesn’t remember thingsC. Ms. Jacobs has not got married yetD. Ms. Jacobs is very young now in deedBIf English is not your first language, it is a good idea to take English language classes to improve your written and spoken communication skills. There are many ways to learn English. You can learn from a book, a DVD, on the Internet or by attending classes. One of the most successful ways to improve your English is to join a course in a country where English is widely spoken. The more you practice, the more you will learn. But why learn the English language? English is an important language for anyone who is planning to travel or become involved in business.Many people love travelling, but if their English is poor, it can be difficult to understand signs, read directions and make themselves understood. Before travelling, it is important to understand the culture and customs of the places you visit. Learning basic English before youtravel will help you to understand these customs and avoid mistakes that could be embarrassing. When you are travelling, you will also enjoy meeting new people. If you can speak English, you will have a better chance of being able to communicate with the people you meet. Many of your new friends will speak English and others will have English as a second language. Without English, your friendships will be limited as you travel around the world.If you are involved in business, it is important to be able to communicate in English. The Internet, world travel and modern communication systems have made the world seem like a much smaller place. These days business people interact with customers and other business people from all over the world. That makes your English language skills more important than ever. There are many English language courses that major in business communications. Improving your English skills is one of the best things you could ever do to increase your chances of business success.61. What kind of people is English important to according to the passage?A. Travelers.B. Teachers.C. Students.D. Language experts.62. Which of the following is the best way to learn English well?A. Travelling around the world with English-speakers.B. Taking a course in an English-speaking country.C. Learning from all kinds of books or DVDs.D. Learning on the Internet by yourselves.63. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT the aim of learning basic English?A. To research the causes of cultural differences.B. To understand the customs of your destination.C. To avoid embarrassing mistakes on your journey.D. To have more opportunities to communicate with others.64. What is the main idea of the third paragraph?A. The more you practice, the more you will learn.B. Doing business helps to improve your communication skills.C. English is important for anyone who is involved in business.D. The Internet has made the world become smaller and smaller.65. We can infer from the passage that _____.A. learning English well will make you achieve goals more easilyB. learning English only aims at achieving business successC. without learning English, your friendships will be limited wherever you areD. you needn’t learn English if you don’t want to travelCMandara seemed to know something big was about to happen. So she let out a yell, caughthold of her 2-year-old daughter Kibibi and climbed up into a tree. She lives at the National Zoo in Washington, D.C.And on Tuesday, August 23rd, witnesses say she seemed to sense the big earthquake that shook much of the East Coast before any humans knew what was going on. And she’s not the only one. In the moments before the quake, an orangutan (猩猩) let out a loud call and then climbed to the top of her shelter.“It’s very different from their normal call,” said Brandie Smith, the zookeeper. “The lemurs (monkey-like animals of Madagascar) will sound an alarm call if they see or hear something highly unusual.”But you can’t see or hear an earthquake 15 minutes before it happens, can you? Maybe you can —if you’re an animal. “Animals can hear above and below our range of hearing,” said Brandie Smith. “That’s part of their special abilities. They’re more sensitive to the environment, which is how they survive.”Primates weren’t the only animals that seemed to sense the quake before it happened. One of the elephants made a warning sound. And a huge lizard (蜥蜴) ran quickly for cover. The flamingoes (a kind of bird) gathered before the quake and stayed together until the shaking stopped.So what kind of vibrations were the animals picking up in the moments before the quake? Scientist Susan Hough says earthquakes produce two types of waves —a weak “P” wave and then a much stronger “S” wave. The “P” stands for “primary”. And the “S” st ands for “secondary”. She said she thinks the “P” wave might be what set the animals off.Not all the animals behaved unusually before the quake. For example, Smith says the zoo’s giant pandas didn’t jump up until the shaking actually began. But many of the other animals seemed to know something was coming before it happened. “I’m not surprised at all,” Smith said.66. Why did Mandara act strangely one day?A. Because it sensed something unusual would happen.B. Because its daughter Kibibi was injured.C. Because it heard an orangutan let out a loud call.D. Because an earthquake had happened.67. According to Brandie Smith, _____.A. many animals’ hearing is sharpB. earthquakes produce two types of wavesC. primates usually gather together before a quakeD. humans can also develop the ability to sense a quake68. Which word in the passage has a close meaning to the underlined word “cover”?A. vibrationB. shelterC. quakeD. range69. Which animal seems unable to sense a quake?A. A giant panda.B. A flamingo.C. A lemur.D. A lizard.70. What is the best title for the passage?A. How animals survive a quake.B. How animals differ from humans.C. How animals behave before a quake.D. How animals protect their young in a quake. Part ⅣWriting (45 marks)Section A (10 marks)Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in the numbered by using the information from the passage.Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.Many of us suffer needlessly when it comes to our well-being or physical health. In most cases this can be attributed to a lack of knowledge about our lifestyle to include our eating habits along with physical activity. If we learn how to keep healthy, our lives would be so much more enjoyable.With so many places to find a fast meal, it is hard to maintain control of your eating habits when coupled with a fast pace lifestyle. We do need food to provide the energy our bodies need, but it is our choices that ultimately help or harm us. From increasingly large burgers to fried chicken, we are attacked with endless quick meals. However, we must give our body what it needs to get healthy and not what our taste buds want.The other key component to keeping healthy is regular exercise. You don’t have to be a gym rat or anything of that nature, but you must develop some type of workout. It can be something as little as walking. Exercising just 30 minutes of your day is all you really need if you want to stay healthy. You can do as little as 3 to 4 days a week or make it a daily routine.Our bodies are not equipped to deal with stress on a routine basis. Constant stress can lead to a rise in blood pressure which increases your chance for a stroke or a heart attack. It also affects the blood cells that aid in fighting infections. These weaken cells leave you helpless against common colds, other illnesses, and medical conditions. Therefore, you should learn to relax yourself by spending some time every day chatting with your family, playing with your friends or just watching a film or listening to some soft music.There is no big secret on how to keep healthy. If you take care of your body, it will do the same for you in return. It is best that you take every measure possible to lead a healthy lifestyle. Keep healthy by treating your body right.Title: On 71. _________Section B (10 marks)Directions: Read the following passage. Answer the questions according to the information given in the passage.Not long ago, many people believed that babies only wanted food and to be kept warm and dry. Some people thought babies were not able to learn things until they were five or six months old. But doctors in the United States now say babies begin learning on their first day of life.A baby learns to get the best care possible by smiling to please her mother or other caregiver. This is how babies learn to connect and communicate with other people.The researchers say this ability to learn exists in a baby even before birth. They say newborn babies can recognize and understand sounds they heard while they were still developing inside their mothers.Experts say the first three years of a child’s life are the most intensive period of language and speech development. This is the time when the brain is developing. Language and communication skills are believed to develop best in an environment that is rich with sounds and sights. Experts say babies should repeatedly hear the speech and language of other people.Americ a’s National Institutes of Health says evidence suggests there are important periods of speech and language development in children. The ability to learn a language will be more difficult if these periods pass without early contact with a language.The first signs of communication happen during the first few days of life, when a baby learns that crying will bring food and attention. Research shows that most children recognize the general sounds of their native language by six months of age. By that time, a baby usually begins to makesounds. These sounds become a kind of nonsense speech over time.81. When does the author think babies begin to learn? (no more than 9 words, 2 marks)82. Why do babies smile to please her mother or other caregiver? (no more than 9 words, 2 marks)83. According to experts, how can babies’ language and communication skills develop? (nomore than 8 words, 3 marks)84. What does the author mainly tell us? (no more than 8 words, 3 marks)Section C (25 marks)Directions: Write an English composition according to the instructions given below in Chinese.生活中，公交车上让座的事情时有发生。
长沙市2013届高三“一模”历史试题及参考答案
2013年长沙市高考模拟试卷历史本试卷分选择题、材料解析题两部分。
考试时量90分钟，满分100分第Ⅰ部分选择题本大题有25小题，每题2分，共50分。
每题所列的四个选项中，只有一项是最符合题目的要求。
1、恩格斯说：“在新的设防城市的周围屹立着高峻的城墙并非无故：它们的壕沟深陷为氏族制度的墓穴，而它们的城楼已经耸入文明时代了。
”其含义是A．这些城址体现了政治权力已经形成凌驾于社会之上的强制性力量B．早期国家尚未形成C．氏族制度处在父系阶段D．这些城址明显体现了等级制森严2、《隋书·杨尚希传》记载：“当今郡县，倍多于古。
或地无百里，数县并置；或户不满千，二郡分领；具僚以众，资费日多；吏卒又倍，租调岁减；清干良才，百分无二……所谓民少官多，十羊九牧。
”产生上述历史现象的根本原因是A．滥设郡县等官僚机构B．官吏的委任越制超编，官员数量越来越多C．封建君主专制中央集权制度发展和强化的必然产物D．官民之比畸形发展，官多民少3、德国历史学家西格弗里德·劳菲尔（Siegfried Lauffer）曾强调：“这两条原则，即所有公民都应该享有平等权利，所有决定必须以大多数人的意志为基础，是古代民主政治和现代民主政治相似的特征。
从古代到现代，它们都被迅速接受……所以现代政治思想起源于古代雅典，而不是其他任何过去的政治形式。
”下列说法对材料理解正确的是A．雅典民主为人类提供了一种集体管理的新形式，是人类政治文明史上的伟大创造B．雅典的民主政治是建立在奴隶制基础上的C．民主是具有阶级性和时代性的，是一定历史条件和具体国情的产物D．雅典的民主是奴隶主自由民的特权民主4、对于英国资产阶级革命，马克思认为，“只有经过残酷的斗争和通过共和国的政府形式才能从君主专制过渡到君主立宪”。
对这种观点的理解不正确的是A．反映了英国资产阶级革命过程的曲折和反复及其发展的必然趋势B．英国资产阶级革命没有实现预定的目标C．英国资产阶级革命高潮中曾建立的共和国实际上只是夺取胜利的途径D．君主立宪制才是英国资产阶级革命的最终归宿5、太平天国领导人曾对在华的外国使节说：“尔等如帮助满人，真是大错，但即令助之，亦是无用的。
湖南省长沙市2013届高三高考模拟生物试题Word版含答案
科目：生物（试题卷）注意事项：1. 答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号写在答题卡和该试题卷的封面上，并认真核对条形码的姓名、准考证号和科目。
2. 选择题和非选择题均须在答题卡上作答，在本试题卷和草稿纸上作答无效。
考生在答题卡上按答题卡中注意事项的要求答题。
3. 本试题卷共15页。
如缺页，考生须及时报告监考老师，否则后果自负。
4. 考试结束后，将本试题卷和答题一并交回。
姓名________________________________________准考证号_____________________________________2013年长沙市高考模拟试卷生物长沙市教科院组织名优教师联合命制I卷选择题（共40 分）下列各题均有四个选项，其中只有一个选项是最符合题意要求的。
1.下图表示观察DNA和RNA在细胞中的分布实验基本实验步骤，对该实验基本步骤的叙述错误的是口腔用显上皮 * 细胞①---------------------------------- 1微镜②③④ 观察A. ①表示制片，首先应在洁净的载玻片上滴一滴质量分数为0.9%的NaCI溶液B. ②表示解离，需要用质量分数8%的盐酸处理烘干后的装片C. ③表示用缓水流冲洗，以免影响染色D. ④表示用甲基绿和吡罗红对标本先后进行染色2 •研究发现，由于自由水含量多少不同，所以细胞质有两种不同的状态：一种是含水较多的溶胶；另一种是含水较少的凝胶。
下列细胞中细胞质最可能呈凝胶状态的是A. 休眠的种子细胞B.黑藻叶肉细胞C.人体癌细胞D.人体衰老细胞3 •细胞膜的功能之一是进行细胞间的信息交流，下列物质不属于动物细胞间信息交流时的信号分子的是A. 甲状腺激素B.乙酰胆碱C.抗体D.糖被4 •下图为化学渗透学说解释线粒体内膜上ATP形成的机理：线粒体内膜上通过呼吸链进行电子传递使NADH脱下H+进入到内膜外的腔中，造成内膜内外的质子浓度差，然后质子顺梯度从膜间隙经内膜上的通道（ATP合成酶）返回到线粒体基质中，在ATP酶的作用下，所释放的能量使ADP与磷酸结合生成了ATP。
数学_2013年湖南省长沙市高考数学一模试卷(理科)(含答案)
2013年湖南省长沙市高考数学一模试卷（理科）一、选择题（本大题共8小题，每小题5分，共40分．在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的）1. 已知z 是复数，i 是虚数单位，(1−i)z 在复平面中对应的点为P ，若P 对应的复数是模等于2的负实数，那么z =( )A −1−iB −1+iC 1−iD −i2. 已知不等式x−2ax+b >0的解集为(−1, 2)，m 是二项式(ax −bx 2)6的展开式的常数项，那么ma a +2b =( )A −15B −5C −5aD 5 3. 以双曲线x 24−y 25=1的离心率为首项，以函数f(x)=4x −2的零点为公比的等比数列的前n 项的和S n =( )A 3×(2n −1)−32 B 3−32n C2n+13−23 D 43−2n 34. 已知几何体M 的正视图是一个面积为2π的半圆，俯视图是正三角形，那么这个几何体的表面积和体积为（ ） A 6π和4√33π B 6π+4√3和8√33π C 6π+4√3和4√33π D 4(π+√3)和4√33π 5. 执行下列的程序框图，输出的s =( )A 9900B 10100C 5050D 49506. 与抛物线y 2=8x 相切倾斜角为1350的直线l 与x 轴和y 轴的交点分别是A 和B ，那么过A 、B 两点的最小圆截抛物线y 2=8x 的准线所得的弦长为（ ）A 4B 2√2C 2D √27. 已知直线与平面α平行，P 是直线上的一定点，平面α内的动点B 满足：PB 与直线成60∘．那么B 点轨迹是（ ）A 双曲线B 椭圆C 抛物线D 两直线8. 使得函数f(x)=15x 2−45x −75(a ≤x ≤b)的值域为[a, b](a <b)的实数对(a, b)有（ ）对．A 1B 2C 3D 无数二．填空题：（每大题共4小题，考生作答7小题，每小题5分，共35分，把答案填在题中的横线上）选做题（从13题、14题和15题中选两题作答，全做则按前两题记分） 9. G(x)表示函数y =2cosx +3的导数，在区间[−π3，π]上，随机取值a ，G(a)<1的概率为________．10. 已知向量a →=(x, y)，b →=(x −2, 1)，设集合P ={x|a →⊥b →}，Q ={x||b →|<√5}，当x ∈P ∩Q 时，y 的取值范围是________． 11. 计算：∫(21x 2−1x )dx =________．12. 从正方体的各表面对角线中随机取两条，这两条表面对角线成的角的度数的数学期望为________．选做题：极坐标和参数方程4-4（共1小题，每小题5分，满分5分）13. 极坐标系中，质点P 自极点出发作直线运动到达圆：ρ+4cosθ=0的圆心位置后顺时针方向旋转60∘后直线方向到达圆周ρ+4cosθ=0上，此时P 点的极坐标为________．选做题：几何证明4-1（共1小题，每小题5分，满分5分）14. 已知⊙O 1和⊙O 2交于点C 和D ，⊙O 1上的点P 处的切线交⊙O 2于A 、B 点，交直线CD于点E ，M 是⊙O 2上的一点，若PE ＝2，EA ＝1，∠AMB ＝30∘，那么⊙O 2的半径为________．选做题：不等式4-5（共2小题，每小题0分，满分5分） 15. 已知x >0，y >0，z >0，x +2y +3z =3，那么(x +14y)2+(2y +16z)2+(3z +12x)2的最小值为________． 16. 方程x 2a +y 2b=1(a, b ∈{1, 2, 3, 4, ..., 2013})的曲线中，所有圆面积的和等于________，离心率最小的椭圆方程为________．三、解答题：（前三题各12分，后三道题各13分，满分75分．解答应写出文字说明，证明过程或演算步骤）17. 函数f(x)=6cos 2ωx 2+√3sinωx −3(ω>0)在一个周期内的图象如图所示，A 为图象的最高点，B ．C 为图象与x 轴的交点，且△ABC 为正三角形． （1）若x ∈[0, 1]，求函数f(x)的值域； （2）若f(x 0)=8√35，且x 0∈(−103, 23)，求f(x 0)+1的值．18. 如图一，△ABC 是正三角形，△ABD 是等腰直角三角形，AB =BD =2．将△ABD 沿边AB 折起，使得△ABD 与△ABC 成30∘的二面角D −AB −C ，如图二，在二面角D −AB −C 中． （1）求D 、C 之间的距离；（2）求CD 与面ABC 所成的角的大小；（3）求证：对于AD 上任意点H ，CH 不与面ABD 垂直．19. 某地政府鉴于某种日常食品价格增长过快，欲将这种食品价格控制在适当范围内，决定对这种食品生产厂家提供政府补贴，设这种食品的市场价格为x 元/千克，政府补贴为t 元/千克，根据市场调查，当16≤x ≤24时，这种食品市场日供应量p 万千克与市场日需量q 万千克近似地满足关系：p =2(x +4t −14)，(x ≥16, t ≥0)，q =24+8ln 20x ，(16≤x ≤24)．当p =q 市场价格称为市场平衡价格．（1）将政府补贴表示为市场平衡价格的函数，并求出函数的值域；（2）为使市场平衡价格不高于每千克20元，政府补贴至少为每千克多少元？ 20. 设命题p ：函数f(x)=(a+5)x+b x+1在(0, +∞)上是增函数，命题q ：方程x 2−ax +b −2=0有两个不相等的负实数根．求使得p ∧q 是真命题的实数对(a, b)为坐标的点的轨迹图形及其面积．21.已知A(14, 0)，点B 是y 轴上的动点，过B 作AB 的垂线l 交x 轴于点Q ，若AP →+AQ →=2AB →，M(4, 0)．（1）求点P 的轨迹方程；（2）是否存在定直线x =a ，以PM 为直径的圆与直线x =a 的相交弦长为定值，若存在，求出定直线方程；若不存在，请说明理由．22. （1）已知a+b+c=1，a，b，c∈(0, +∞)，求证：alog3a+blog3b+clog3c≥−1；（2）已知a1+a2+...+a3n=1，a i>0(i=1, 2, 3,…,3n)，求证：a1log3a1+a2log3a2+a3log3a3+...+a3n log3a3n≥−n．2013年湖南省长沙市高考数学一模试卷（理科）答案1. A2. D3. B4. C5. B6. C7. A8. B9. 7810. (−8, 1]11. 73−ln212. 60∘13. (2, 4π3)14. 315. 27416. 2027091π,x22013+y22012=1或y22013+x22012=117. 解：（1）由已知得f(x)=6cos2ωx2+√3sinωx−3=3cosωx+√3sinωx=2√3sin(ωx+π3)又△ABC为正三角形，且高为2√3，可得BC=4．∴ 函数f(x)的最小正周期为8，即2πω=8，解得ω=π4，∴ f(x)=2√3sin(π4x+π3)，∵ x∈[0, 1]，∴ π4x+π3∈[π3, 7π12]，∴ sin(π4x+π3)∈[√32, 1]∴ f(x)∈[3, 2√3]，∴ 函数f(x)的值域为：[3, 2√3]；（2）∵ f(x0)=8√35，∴ f(x 0)+1=8√35+1．18. 解：（1）依题意，∠ABD =90∘，建立如图的坐标系使得△ABC 在yoz 平面上，∵ △ABD 与△ABC 成30∘的二面角，∴ ∠DBY =30∘， 又AB =BD =2，∴ A(0, 0, 2)，B(0, 0, 0)， C(0, √3, 1)，D(1, √3, 0)，|CD|=√12+02+(−1)2=√2，（2）∵ x 轴与面ABC 垂直，∴ (1, 0, 0)是面ABC 的一个法向量． 设CD 与面ABC 成的角为θ， ∵ CD →=(1, 0, −1)，∴ sinθ=|(1,0,0)⋅(1,0．−1)|⋅=√22． ∵ θ∈[0, π2]，∴ θ=π4；∴ CD 与平面ABC 的所成角是π4．（3）设AH →=tAB →=t(1, √3, −2)=(t, √3t, −2t)，∴ CH →=CA →+AH →=(0, −√3, 1)+(t, √3t, −2t)=(t, √3t −√3, −2t +1)， 若CH →⊥BA →，则(t, √3t −√3, −2t +1)⋅(0, 0, 2)=0， 解得t =12，∴ 此时CH →=(12, −√32, 0) ∵ BD →=(1, √3, 0)，∴ CH →⋅BD →=12−32=−1≠0，∴ CH和BD不垂直，即CH不可能同时垂直BD和BA，即对于AD上任意点H，CH不与面ABD垂直．19. 解：（1）由P=Q得2(x+4t−14)=24+8ln20x (16≤x≤24, t>0)．t=132−14x+ln20x(16≤x≤24)．3分∵ t′=−14−1x<0，∴ t是x的减函数．∴ t min=132−14×24+ln2024=12+ln2024=12+ln56；5分t max=132−14×16+ln2016=52+ln54，∴ 值域为[12+ln56, 52+ln54]7（2）由（1）t=132−14x+ln20x(16≤x≤24)．而x=20时，t=132−14×20+ln2020=1.5（元/千克）9分∵t是x的减函数．欲使x≤20，必须t≥1.5（元/千克）要使市场平衡价格不高于每千克20元，政府补贴至少为1.5元/千克．2分20. 解：f(x)=(a+5)x+bx+1，f′(x)=a−b+5(x+1)2；∵ f(x)在(0, +∞)上是增函数，∴ f′(x)>0，∴ a−b+5>0；∵ 方程x2−ax+b−2=0有两个不相等的负实数根；∴ {a2−4b+8>0a<0b−2>0；∵ p∧q为真命题，∴ p，q都为真命题；∴ {a−b+5>0a2−4b+8>0a<0b−2>0∴ 该不等式所表示的区域如图所示：图中阴影部分便是(a, b)为坐标的点的轨迹图形，它的面积计算如下：S =∫(−2−3x +5−2)dx +∫(0−214x 2+2−2)dx =(12x 2+3x)|−3−2+112x 3|−20=76．21. 解：（1）设B(0, t)，设Q(m, 0)，t 2=14|m|，∵ m ≤0，∴ m =−4t 2， ∴ Q(−4t 2, 0)，设P(x, y)，则AP →=(x −14, y)，AQ →=(−4t 2−14, 0)，2AB →=(−12, 2t)，∵ AP →+AQ →=2AB →．∴ (x −14, y)+(−4t 2−14, 0)=(−12, 2t)，∴ x =4t 2，y =2t ，∴ y 2=x ，此即点P 的轨迹方程； （2）存在定直线x =154，以PM 为直径的圆与直线x =154的相交弦长为定值√15．事实上，由（1）知点P 的轨迹方程是y 2=x ． 设P(y 2, y)，∵ M (4, 0)，则以PM 为直径的圆的圆心即PM 的中点T(y 2+42,y 2)，以PM 为直径的圆与直线x =a 的相交弦长： L =2√(y 2+42−4)2+(y 2−0)2−(y 2+42−a)2 =2√(a −4)(y 2−a)+y 24=2√(a −154)y 2−a(a −4) 若a 为常数，则对于任意实数y ，L 为定值的条件是a −154=0，即a =154时，L =√152． ∴ 存在定直线x =154，以PM 为直径的圆与直线x =154的相交弦长为定值√152． 22. 证明：（1）令f(x)=xlog 3x ， 则f′(x)=log 3x +x ⋅1xln3=log 3x +1ln3，f″(x)=1xln3>0，由于a +b +c =1，a ，b ，c ∈(0, +∞)，由琴声不等式（琴生不等式以丹麦数学家约翰•琴生(JoℎanJensen)命名，也称为詹森不等式） 得：alog 3a+blog 3b+clog 3c3≥f(a+b+c 3)，即alog 3a +blog 3b +clog 3c ≥3f(a+b+c 3)=3×(a+b+c 3log 3a+b+c 3)=3×13log 313=−1；（2）因为a1+a2+...+a3n=1，a i>0(i=1, 2, 3,…,3n)，所以，由琴声不等式得：a1log3a1+a2log3a2+a3log3a3+...+a3n log3a3n≥3n(a1+a2+⋯+a3n3n log3a1+a2+⋯+a3n3n)=log33−n=−n．。
2013年长沙市高考模拟试卷语文
2013年长沙市高考模拟试卷语文参考答案及评分标准本试卷共7道大题，21道小题（2道选做题任选l小题）。
时量150分钟，满分150分。
1.D（A应为：“锻炼”，“垂涎xián”；B应为“不计前嫌”，“按捺nà”；C应为“针砭时弊”。
）2．A（矢志不渝：立下誓言或志愿，绝不会改变。
B项“一团和气”，本指态度和蔼可亲，现常指相互之间只讲和气，不讲原则。
C项“龙飞凤舞”：形容书法笔势舒展活泼，此处褒贬失当。
D项“一穷二白”，形容基础差，底子薄。
多指国家工农业不发达，文化科技水平不高）3. C（A项成分残缺，应在句末加上“共同作用的结果”；B项语序不当，把“虽然”放“全国住房价格过快上涨的势头”前；D句式杂糅。
）4．D（原诗共五韵，即首句入韵，则在不押韵的③⑥⑦三句中，必须处于诗的三、五、七句的位置才对。
而在这不押韵的三句中，③⑥平仄相同，故平仄与其它两句不同的⑦句必是第五句。
）5．C（幽：暗地里）6．B（第一个“以”是表目的的连词，相当于“来”；第二个“以”是介词，“依据”的意思。
）7．B（借此说明的是“忏悔下去，可以达到过失消除罪孽灭去的效验”。
）8．（1）或者觉得心旷神怡；或者突然智慧突然大开；或者在繁忙纷乱之际，内心清朗，触类旁通；或者在遇到怨家仇人之时，消除嗔恨，生欢喜心（关键词：“心神恬旷”“冗沓”“触念”“回镇”。
）（2）（像这样）一年一年的努力，一年一年的改过，直到五十岁那年，仍然知道四十九岁的过错。
古人改过的功夫就是这样。
（关键词：“递递”“行年”“非”。
）（3）假如自己有这种表现之一，就必须奋发向上，放弃旧的，谋求新的，改恶向善，千万不要耽误自己啊！（关键词：“类”“舍旧图新”“幸勿”。
）9.D(不可与共乐/子何不去？)10.（1）惜。
表达了当时人们对牡丹的喜爱和尊宠。
（每空1分）（2）（徐夤）：寓情于花，借花写人（写拟人亦对）。
惜牡丹祥瑞难留，即惜人韶华易逝，青春难再。
湖南省长沙县实验中学2013届高三高考模拟(一)-文综.
湖南省长沙县实验中学2013届高三高考模拟（一）文综试题考生注意：本试卷分第I卷（选择题）和第II卷（非选择题）两部分，共300分。
第I卷（选择题共140分）本卷共35个小题，每小题4分，共140分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。
读图，回答1～2题。
1．若甲、乙分别是四川盆地与珠江三角洲地区，M、N代表的产业要素在区际之间流向合理的是A．M为信息，N为零部件B．M为能源，N为劳动力C．M为技术，N为资金D．M为劳动力，N为技术2．若M为钢铁厂，其转移影响描述合理的是A．甲地就业机会增多B．加快乙地工业化进程C．促进甲地劳动力向第二产业转移D．促进甲地环境质量的改善，带动乙地劳动力导向型产业迅速发展读某类工业的区位因素影响力随时间变化图，回答3～4题。
3．在T1、T2、T3阶段，影响该类工业区位的主导因素分别是A．原料、交通、燃料B．交通、燃料、市场C．燃料、原料、市场D．原料、燃料、市场4．据图推断，该类工业可能是A．纺织工业B．钢铁工业C．电力工业D．电子工业1356．该月可能是A．1月B．3月C．9月D．11月6．下列关于北京气象资料中天气的叙述，正确的是A．1日气压较高，主要因为受暖空气影响B．2日风力较大，主要因为夏威夷高压势力强并且建筑物密度大C．2日白天气温低，主要因为大气削弱作用强并且受冷空气影响大D．3日夜间气温低，主要因为大气逆辐射强右图为“我国西北半干旱区某牧场草场载畜量和实际放牧量变化曲线示意图”。
草场载畜量指在适度利用的原则下，一定的草地面积，一定的利用时期内，能够维持草地良性生态循环并保证家畜正常生长发育、繁殖的情况下，能饲养家畜的最大数量。
读图，完成7～8题。
7．1950年～1975年期间，草场载畜量发生波动的主要影响因素是A．气候B．地形C．市场D．放牧8．该牧场“人地关系”严重对立的年代及原因组合正确的是A．20世纪60年代——降水偏少B．20世纪80年代——过度放牧C．20世纪90年代——牲畜太少D．21世纪初以来——气候变暖海蓬子是生长在海滩、盐碱滩涂沙地，有梗无叶的一年生草本植物，生长期约220天，其中有50～60天可以保持青嫩鲜绿枝茎。
2013年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(湖南卷)文科综合能力模拟卷和答案
2013届普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（湖南卷）文综全真模拟试卷答案地理答案：（1）20（2分）M等值线为20℃～24℃等值线之间的闭合等温线（2分）；M等值线内为河流源地，海拔高，气温低（2分）。
（2）大陆（2分），N地冬季气温低，夏季气温高（或N地气温年较差大）（2分），N地年降水量少，季节分配不均匀（2分）。
成因:N地位于中部大平原，冬季受北冰洋寒冷气流影响气温低（2分），夏季受墨西哥湾（大西洋）暖湿气流影响气温高（2分），西部高大山脉（或科迪勒拉山系）阻挡太平洋的暖湿气流（西风），受海洋影响小（2分）。
（任答2点总计4分）（3）为工、农业生产提供了灌溉水源（2分），稠密的河网并与湖海相通，形成了发达的内河航运网，航运价值高（2分），支流流经山地，落差大（或支流水能丰富），有利于发展水电（2分）。
（4）东北部、西部和南部沿海地区人口稠密，内陆人口稀少（2分）；平原人口稠密，高原山地人口稀少（2分）。
37. （20分）（1）自西向东颗粒逐渐减小，自西向东沉积物厚度逐渐变小。
理由是：黄河冲出山口后，流速逐渐降低，颗粒大的先沉积且沉积较多，颗粒小的后沉积且沉积较少。
（ 4 分）（2）土地盐碱化（土地退化或土地荒漠化）（2分）成因：旱涝灾害多发（或春温高，蒸发量大，春旱严重；夏季降水集中，易涝洼地）；地下水位较高；不合理灌溉（或灌溉后不及时排水）（4分，答出2点且言之有理酌情给分）措施：合理灌溉；引淡淋盐（或调节和控制水盐运动，改变农业种植结构，退耕还林）（2分）（3）郑州位于铁路交汇处，交通更便利；郑州是河南省省会城市，政策更优越，政府信息更快捷通畅（或城市基础设施等工业集聚条件更为有利；城市规模较大，劳动力充足且优质；郑州市产业基础雄厚，产业优势明显；人口众多，消费市场更广大（此处其他合理答案也可给分）（8分）42、（10分）【旅游地理】（1）有较好的攀岩场地，岩壁陡峭，直立性好，高度适宜，有利发展攀岩运动；岩壁地处开阔的地带，能容纳较多的游客；攀岩岩壁距离城市较近，客源市场广阔。
2013年长沙市高考模拟试卷文综
2013年长沙市高考模拟试卷文科综合参考答案及评分标准一、选择题：本题共35小题，每小题4分，共140分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是题号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12答案 C D C B B C C D B B D D题号13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24答案 C C B A A B B D A B D C题号25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35答案 A B D D C A B D B C C第Ⅱ卷（非选择题，共160分）二、非选择题：包括必考题和选考题两部分。
第36～41题为必考题，每个试题考生都必须做答。
第42～48题为选考题，考生根据要求做答：（一）必考题（6题，共135分）36题（22分）（1）主要气候特征是：温带大陆性气候，四季分明；太阳辐射和日照时数较多，昼夜温差大；降水少，蒸发强烈，气候干燥；风大沙多等(任答三点即可)。
(6分)（2）银川平原，地势平坦；土壤肥沃；灌溉水源充足；阴雨天气少，光热较充足，气温日较差大，有利于糖分的积累，劳动力成本较低。
(每点2分，共8分)（3）增加空气湿度，改善大气环境。
(2分) 60年代主要是随人口增长要解决吃饭问题，围湖造田发展农业；90年代城市建设加快，围湖造陆。
(6分)37题（24分）（1）该岛地势中高周低。
根据该岛河流水系形态呈放射状。
（答特征和对应的成因得6分，即每点3分）（2）水资源短缺（3分）。
该岛屿蒸发量大于降水量；岛屿面积较小，集水面积较小；降水集中，河流枯水期长；人口密度大，需水量大（任答三点得9分）（3）合理。
水稻种植需水量大，而该岛水资源短缺，水稻种植且要求地势平坦，土壤肥沃，据此分析该岛过去水稻种植分布于岛屿沿海区域，而沿海区域人口密集，旅游业发达，而高粱种植需水量较少耐干旱。
（6分，结论与理由一致，且要有理由支持，只有结论不给分）不合理。
湖南省长沙市2013届高三高考模拟英语试题 (含答案)
2013年长沙市高考模拟试卷英语长沙市教科院组织名优教师联合命制做听力部分时，请先在试题卷上作答。
听力部分结束前，你将有两分钟时间将第1至15小题的答案转涂到答题卡上，将第16至20小题的答案转写到答题卡上。
本试卷分为四个部分，包括听力、语言知识运用、阅读理解和书面表达。
考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
PART ONE LISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A (22.5 marks)Directions: In this section yo u’ll hear 6 conversations between 2 speakers. For each conversation, there are several questions and each question is followed by 3 choices. Listen to the conversations carefully and then answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter (A, B or C) on the question booklet.You will hear each conversation TWICE.Conversation 11. What does the woman do in the group?A. Play the violin.B. Play the piano.C. Sing for the group.2. How often will the group meet?A. Once a week.B. Twice a week.C. Every other week. Conversation 23. Where does the man want to live?A. In a big city.B. In the country.C. In the mountain.4. Why couldn’t the woman sleep well at night?A. She was not used to the silence.B. She was too tired to go to sleep.C. She was afraid of the noise made by the birds.Conversation 35. What is the relationship between the speakers?A. They live close to each other.B. They have friends in common.C. They are in the same gardening club.6. Why is the woman upset?A. Her kids did something to the man’s lawn.B. The man is accusing her of something that she didn’t do.C. Her family is out of town.Conversation 47. What happened to Dennis?A. He was diagnosed with cancer last week.B. He lost a lot of money in business.C. He died from a disease.8. Who is Christine?A. Dennis’s colleague.B. Dennis’s mother.C. Dennis’s girlfriend.9. How old was Dennis on his last birthday?A. Twenty-four.B. Thirty-four.C. Forty-four. Conversation 510. Which figure of speech is NOT mentioned by the woman?A. I heard it straight from the horse’s mouth.B. I’m so hungry I could eat a horse.C. Money doesn’t grow on trees.11. How does the woman know about figures of speech?A. She learned them by herself.B. She learned them from her teacher.C. She learned them from some advanced English speakers.12. What is probably true about the woman?A. She has already eaten dinner.B. She has great interest in learning English.C. She is in the same English class as the man.Conversation 613. What did the man do before taking questions?A. He gave a presentation.B. He introduced the company.C. He made arrangements for a meeting.14. What was the woman’s first question about?A. The sales situation in Japan.B. The compan y’s future direction in the Asian market.C. The cultural impact of foreign companies on local economies.15. What will probably take place next?A. They will take a break.B. The man will talk to the woman individually.C. The general manager will help to answer a question.SECTION BDirections: In this section, you will hear a short passage. Listen carefully and then fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Fill in each blank with NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS.You will hear the short passage TWICE.PART TWO LANGUAGE KNOWLEDGESection ADirections: For each of the following unfinished sentences there are four choices marked A,B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentences.21. ________, his idea was accepted by all the people at the meeting.A. Strange as might it soundB. As it might sound strangeC. As strange it might soundD. Strange as it might sound22. ---How do you think I can make up with Tom?---Put aside_____ you disagree and try to find_____ you have in common.A. what, whatB. where, whatC. what, whetherD. where, whether23. _______ the calculation is right, scientists can never be sure that they have included all variables and modeled them accurately.A. Even ifB. As far asC. If onlyD. So long as24. I ______ him in time, otherwise he would have fallen off the bike.A. had supportedB. supportedC. have supportedD. support25.September 8th，1931 is a special day，________, I think，that will be remembered by theChinese forever.A. oneB. itC. whichD. that26. --- Can you introduce me a high quality machine?--- My pleasure. _______ well even on wet roads, this kind of car is very popular.A. HandledB. To handleC. HandlingD. Being handled27. Only when he returned _________ that the war had ended and the army had come back.A. we tell B. we told C. did we tell D. were we told28. They suggested that the professor ______ just now ______ chairman of the meeting.A. referring to; was madeB. referring to; be madeC. referred to; be madeD. referred to; was made29. The subway was crowded with passengers going home from market, most of ________ carrying heavy bags and baskets full of fruit and vegetables they had bought there.A. whomB. themC. whoD. which30. Our society insists on regular habits, timekeeping and punctuality, and whether we like it or not, ______ we mean to make our way in society, we have to comply ( to act in accordance with a demand, rule, etc.) its demands.A. whetherB. afterC. ifD. until31．---Where did you come across our Chinese teacher ?--- It was in the supermarket ______I purchased mooncakes．A．that B．which C．where D．when32. A series of stimulus policies and supportive measures taken by the government _____ to promote change in the economic environment in this area.A. are expectingB. are expectedC. is expectingD. is expected33. With all the books he was interested in _______, he left the library and went back to his dorm.A. borrowedB. borrowingC. to borrowD. borrow34.---The research on the new flu virus vaccine is challenging and demanding. Who do you think can do the job?---____ my students have a try?A. MayB. MustC. WillD. Shall35. Between the two periods of classes is a break, _______ we can have a short rest.A．then B．where C．when D．whichSection B (18 points)Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with words or phrases that best fits the context.Everyone wants to win a first-place blue ribbon, to be the best in something. Even kids in Kindergarten want that blue ribbon. In sports, I was never a blue-ribbon person. In a race, I was always 36 . In baseball I was likely to be 37 on the head or drop the ball. During the spring of my kindergarten year, our class had a field trip to a park in a town about twenty miles away. Making that drive now is no big 38 but when you’re six and you’ve lived in a town of 300 people all your life, going to a big town of a couple of thousand people is really something.I don’t remember too much about it. But there was one that I will never forget —the __39__ race. The parents tied our feet together. One little boy got me for a 40 . He was the second most 41 boy in our class so he usually won at everything and I knew that with me tied to him he didn’t have a chance. And I’m sure he knew he was in trouble. The gun sounded and we were off. Some couples were falling and stumbling all around us, 42 we stayed on our feet and made it to the other side. 43 , when we turned around and headed back for home, we were in the lead! Only one couple had a chance to win, and they were a good several yards behind us.A few feet from the finish line, disaster struck: I tripped and fell. We were 44 enough that my partner could have easily dragged me across the finish line and won. But he didn’t. Instead he stopped, 45 down and helped me up —just at the other couple crossed the finish line. As a result, we received a small red ribbon for coming in second.I still remember that moment when the young boy decided that helping a friend get on her feet was more important than winning a blue ribbon. And 13 years later, I still have that little ribbon because it’s a 46 that a friend like this boy is one who really 47 .36. A. last B. first C. quick D. successful37. A. touched B. felt C. hit D. beaten38. A. question B. event C. one D. deal39. A. one-legged B. two-legged C. three-legged D. four-legged40. A. partner B. helper C. supporter D. competitor41. A. tallest B. youngest C. athletic D. handsome42. A. but B. therefore C. however D. and43. A. Obviously B. Unbelievably C. Secretly D. Undoubtedly44. A. strong B. brave C. clever D. close45. A. lay B. slowed C. moved D. reached46. A. warning B. reminder C. gift D. notice47. A. depends B. counts C. supports D. worthySection C (12 marks)Direction: Complete the following passage by filling in each blank with one word that best fits the context.My first roller coaster experience was not pleasant. It was in the summer of 2009, in Six Flags, Massachusetts, the US. I went 48 with a group of friends. We were all very excited about roller coaster 49 waited anxiously for the ride to begin. As the roller coaster got up higher and higher, however, my heart started to beat 50 hard that I even could see myshirt move up and down. I could feel the wind getting stronger and brushing through my hair. Then the big drop came. I closed my eyes and told 51 that it would be over in two seconds, but it felt like forever. I was pushed up from my seat as if I 52 to be thrown out of the car. 53 the time I finished the ride, I could barely stand up or speak. So when my friends asked me 54 I thought of the ride, I just answered with silence. No matter how hard I tried, I could not make 55 sound.PART THREE READING COMPREHENSIONDirections：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage.AAggressive pedestrians are in fact as dangerous as careless drivers. They cause traffic accidents, injury and death.These dangerous walkers can be seen in any big city over the world. About 69% of last year’s pedestrian deaths in the US occurred in urban areas. They cross streets ignoring “DON’T W ALK” signals, suddenly appear without warning from behind parked vehicles, walk slowly at crossroads with cell phones attached to heads, blocking traffic.These pedestrians and drivers share a common disregard for the rules of the road, both for selfish reasons. The drivers believe in the power of their machines. If their machines can go faster, they believe they have the right to go faster. If their machines are bigger, they believe they have the right to push smaller vehicles aside. Aggressive pedestrians, on the other hand, believe in the primacy(首位) of the individual, the idea that they are first in any environment, under any circumstances, even when they are on foot in a roaring tide of steel and rubber.Last year, an estimated 5,220 pedestrians died in traffic accidents. Some 69,000 pedestrians were injured. On average, that worked out to one pedestrian killed in a traffic crash every 101 minutes, and one injured every eight minutes.The good news is that the accident rate is dropping. For example, the number of pedestrians killed last year was 24 percent less than the number killed in traffic accidents a decade earlier. The bad news is that the basic causes of pedestrian deaths remain pretty much the same----disregard for traffic signals, inattention and crossing roads under the influence of alcohol and drugs. Alcohol, in fact, was involved in 46 percent of the traffic accidents that resulted in pedestrian deaths. Of those, 31 percent of the pedestrians were found to be drunk.The bottom line is that the pedestrians must do more to protect their lives as well as the lives of other road users. They can start by obeying traffic signals, using marked cross-walks and calling a cab when they’ve had too much to drink.56. The passage is mainly about __________.A. how aggressive pedestrians cause traffic accidentsB. why so many Americans were killed on roads last yearC. what the traffic rules of the road about pedestrians wereD. who are to blame for pedestrian deaths, drunk drivers or the aggressive pedestrians57. What is the pedestrians’ selfish reason for traffic jams?A. They know all drivers are skilled and with great care.B. They believe individuals are always first.C. They think traffic rules have nothing to do with them.D. They guess all vehicles will slow down at crossroads.58. What was NOT the basic cause of pedestrian deaths in the US a decade ago?A. Disregard for traffic signalsB. Paying no attention to surroundings.C. Crossing roads drunk.D. Overspeeding driving.59. As one of all the road users, what should we students do on busy roads?A. Obey traffic signals at crossroads.B. Run as fast as possible at crossroads.C. Talk on your cell phone if necessary.D. Always watch out for big trucks.60. What word can best describe the author’s attitude to the traffic accidents caused by pedestrians?A. Excited.B. Cold.C. ConcernedD. Inconnected.BChristmas, Easter and Birthday parties can be difficult times for grandmothers and parents as they rush around trying to arrange the perfect celebration or making everyone as happy as possible! What’s better than a birthday party that makes your grandchild smile throughout or a celebration that impresses relatives and close friends?That is why Granny Look has supplied in this section, one of the most comprehensive guides to making these special occasions that happen perhaps once a year a real success.From a selection of Advent calendars to party planning or Christmas-stocking fillers we have all the possibilities covered so that your children and grandchildren will really have a memorable time with attractive gifts and original ideas.Bring that festive spirit to all those traditional days, and ensure you are always ready for any possibility. Granny Look’s extensive links are bound to make every special occa sion an entirely different experience from the year before and allow everyone to feel entertained and content.CHRISTMAS-STOCKING FILLERSLOOK no further!! Granny Look helps the family to prepare in time for FATHER CHRISTMAS. Give SANTA CLAUS some ideas. H e can fill all the children’s Christmas-stockings with goodies! Unique Christmas gifts for children - stocking fillers.A Granny Look favorite!ADVENT CALENDARSAll children love the build-up to CHRISTMAS! What is better than choosing one of Granny Look’s selection of Advent Calendars! Here you will find a list of websites to buy traditional or fun Advent calendars for children at Christmas time.A Granny Look favorite!BIRTHDAYSLOOKING for a SPECIAL BIRTHDAY GIFT? Explore Granny Look’s selection of PRESENTS, PARTYPLANNING, PARTY TOYS and PARTY GAMES for your Children and Grandchildren’s BIRTHDAYS.Plan and organize the KIDDIE’S PARTIES ahead of time!!Don’t forget the PERSONALISED INVITATIONS!CHRISTMASLOOK and BOOK now!! Granny Look’s selection of CHRIS TMAS GIFTS for children.Some guides to “What’s on in your area” … for the kids. PANTOS, SHOWS,THEATRES … at Christmas time!UNIQUE Christmas gifts for Children. Spend QUALITY TIME with your Children’s Children this FESTIVE SEASON!61. From the text, we know that “Granny LOOK” is __________.A. a person who guides you to make your yearly celebration a real successB. a magazine that helps the family to prepare for special occasionsC. a company that sells all sorts of products on the InternetD. a website that helps you to prepare for special occasions62. The purpose of the text is _________.A. to make children have a memorable holidayB. to show you how to shop on the InternetC. to give you some information about Granny LookD. to introduce some goods63. If you want to send some invitations to your daughter’s classmates, where will you search for the information?A. At Birthdays.B. At Advent Calendars.C. At Christmas-stocking fillers.D. At Christmas.64. You will fail to find any information at Christmas when you need _________.A. Christmas cardsB. fun Advent calendarsC. Christmas giftsD. tickets for theatres65. If your son wants a traditional Advent calendar, you should search _________.A. BirthdaysB. Advent CalendarsC. Christmas-stocking fillersD. ChristmasCThere is a saying in French—“Si vieillesse pouvait, si jeunesse savait”—which means roughly “if age had the ability, if youth had the knowledge.” I was reminded of this saying the other day when I saw an interview with a distinguished Asian neurosurgeon(神经外科医生), now retired, about the impact of computer technology on modern surgery.He was referring to the difficulty people of his age had in using the new techniques, but also to the fact that younger surgeons, who are more comfortable with the technology, lack some of the wisdom of experience.It struck me that this problem is not just confined(局限于) to specialized fields such as medicine, but is widespread in modern life. There are many areas where the rapid growth of technology has widened the generation gap.Young people are at ease with modern technology and propose all sorts of ways for using and developing it. But they often lack the experience needed to see further into the future to the possible dangers that a particular development may cause.Older people see all sorts of difficulties and dangers, but are sometimes ignored, or even accused of being against progress, if they point out potential problems. Equally, they may see potential uses, but not have the technical skills to put them into practice themselves or the trust in the younger generation to do so.Enthusiasm and inexperience come into conflict with caution and arrogance, usually with unsatisfactory results for both sides.What is needed is the development of a partnership, based on mutual respect, which can deliver real progress by combining enthusiasm and caution in a constructive way, rather than in conflict with each other. The old need to give the younger generation the time, the resources and, above all, the authority to develop new ideas and use their skills. In exchange, the young need toturn more actively to the older generation to seek their advice and exploit their greater experienceof the world in foreseeing and overcoming potential problems.66. The passage is mainly about ________.A. the impact of computer technology on modern surgeryB. an interview with a distinguished Asian neurosurgeonC. new generation gap between the old and the youngD. a conflict between knowledge and experience67. The French saying in the first paragraph is used to ________.A. introduce the topicB. show the difference between French and EnglishC. make readers confusedD. prove the writer’s wisdom68. What did the retired neurosurgeon probably mention in his interview?A. Old people’s enthusiasm in obtaining new technology.B. Old people’s difficulty in using computers.C. Young surgeons’ bad manners in working.D. Young surgeons’ difficulty in get ting experience.69. In the writer’s view, what advantage do the older generation have?A. They are happy with modern technology.B. They are easy to learn new techniques.C. They can foresee the future of the young generation.D. They are rich in work experience.70. What conclusion can be drawn from the last paragraph?A. The young and the old should respect and learn from each other.B. The young should teach the old modern technology.C. The old should maintain their authority in every field.D. The young and the old should work independently.PART FOUR WRITING (45 marks)SECTION A (10 marks)Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in the numbered blanks by using the information for the passage. Write NO MORE THAN 3 WORDS for each answer.Having long been underrated(低估) and ignored, the penny is one of America's most enduring failures. But a recent proposal to ban the penny by some US congress members seeks toput the coin to sleep — permanently.Representative Jim Kolbe from Arizona is the man who proposed the bill to stamp out penny.He says the coin has outlived its usefulness. With metal prices soaring, Kolbe says it costs 1.23 cents to produce a penny. Producing the coins will amount to a $20 million waste each year.It is not simply about the cost of production. Centuries of inflation have made the penny—firstput into circulation in 1787—close to worthless.Many Americans don’t even view pennies as currency any more. They take them only reluctantly in change and then put them in jars or desk drawers at home. An estimated $10.5billion in pennies, or $93.75 per household, sits idle in piggy banks and behind sofas.Anti-penny advocates argue that 1-cent coins cost US companies more than $300 million a year in lost productivity. This comes mostly from the time and effort spent counting and putting pennies into paper rolls for bank deposits.Jim Kolbe suggests that all cash transactions be rounded to the nearest nickel. For example, items that cost 11 or 12 cents would be rounded down to 10, 13- and 14-cent items would be rounded up to 15. People paying by credit or bank card, however, would likely continue to pay exact amounts.But plenty of Americans oppose the ban. Some say eliminating the penny would cause significant hardship to a wide range of people.US economist Raymond Lombra says that moving to the 5-cent nickel would cost consumers $ 3 billion over five years. The poor suffer more since they tend to buy with cash instead of credit cards.Penny supporters point out that the penny is the on ly coin carrying the image of America’s much respected president Abraham Lincoln. Some major charities are also alarmed by talk of a penny ban. They often base fund-raising campaigns on donations of pennies and other coins. One such campaign is called “Pennies for Patients”. They have raised more than $68 million through coin collections since 1994.A recent US Today poll found that 55 percent of adults want to keep the penny. They may not value pennies as currency like before, but they remain attached to them as an old, familiar friend.“The penny has been a necessary part of the American experience---whose childhood would be complete without penny candy and other small purchases?” read a post supporting the penny on a forum.It shapes US superst itions. “Find a penny, pick it up, and all day you will have good luck.” “A penny saved is a penny earned.” And little girls are sometimes called “as pretty as a penny”.Title: Ban 71 Or Not?72 :They have long been underrated and ignored.Reasons for the ban:● The coin has outlived its usefulness.● 73 to produce coins are rising fast.● Centuries of inflation have made the penny close to worthless.● Large amount of 74 is wasted counting and putting pennies into paper rolls forbank deposits.75 :● All cash transactions are rounded to 76 .● People paying by credit or bank card would continue to pay exact amounts.Reasons against the ban:● Eliminating the penny would cause significant hardship to a wide range of p eople.● Rounding to the 5-cent nickel would cost consumers $3 billion over five years.● The penny is the only coin carrying the image of America’s much respected president___77 .● 78 base fund-raising campaigns on donations of pennies and other coins.● 55 percent of adults regard it as a necessary part of 79 .● The penny shapes 80 .SECTION B (10 points)Directions: Read the following passage. Answer the questions according to the information given in the passage and the required words limit. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Pollution is a growing problem that is facing the international community, but even the actions that we take can make a difference. Littering is creating environmental problems all over the world and is often created by careless individuals. If we guard our actions against careless littering we can ensure a better world for everyone.Littering is a severe problem in many countries around the world. For example, the African city of Kampala, the capitol of Uganda, is suffering from the consequences of littering. For many years the city’s poor didn’t have a proper way to dispose of trash, so garbage filled the streets. Over the years much of the plastic garbage would slowly be pushed into the ground. This plastic litter doesn’t allow rain water to seep into the ground and has caused flooding. In many of Kampala’s poor neighborhoods whenever it rains people’s homes become flooded with water. This water is often dirty and has allowed diseases to spread. This flooding has become so bad that the Ugandan government has banned plastic bags in the entire country to stop the littering.Trash often finds its way into the water. Today the world’s oceans are believed to have millions of tons of trash floating around in them. This creates a problem for wildlife because they may accidentally eat the trash and die from it. Scientists have found on very remote islands baby birds that have died because their stomachs were full of trash. Fish often get tangled in plastic and will also die. Our actions in our own countries affect the most remote parts of the planet.We can all be part of the solution to stop this pollution, just by preventing careless littering. If you need to throw something away, don’t toss it over your shoul der —find a trash can. If you see a friend littering tell them not to. By making this small change we can create a better world for all.81. What does the author say is the cause of littering? (No more than 4 words)________________________________________________________________________82. How does trash cause flooding? (No more than 10 words)_______________________________________________________________________83. How can local actions affect the international environment? (No more than 12 words)________________________________________________________________________84. What does the author suggest to prevent littering? （No more than 7 words）________________________________________________________________________SECTION C (25 points)Directions: Write an English composition according to the instructions given below in Chinese.研究结果表明：互联网给人们的生活带来了方便的同时，也给大家带来了一些问题。
2013届高考模拟卷试题卷(理科)
湖南省长沙市2013届高三模拟考试数学试卷(理科)时量：120分钟 满分：150分 命题: .选择题：本大题共 8小题,每小题5分，共40分. 是符合题目要求的.uuu向量BA 在向量 BC 方向上的 1投影的数量为( )B.込C.3D 142226.若随机变量X :N(1,2), Y2X 1，则DY( )A.2B.4C.8D.167.已知x 0, y 0,x 2y2xy 8 ,则x 2y 的最小值是( )A.3B.4C.3、2 D.^21•设A {x|x 24x 5 0}, B {x||x 1| 1}，则 AI BA{x| 5}B.{x| 1 x5}C.{x| 0}D.{x|x 0或 x 2}2.已知i 为虚数单位，复数1 ai2 i为纯虚数，则实数a 等于 B.- 3 D.2 3.阅读右面程序框图，如果输出的函数值在区间则输入的实数x 的取值范围是 [丄,1]内, 4 2 ( ) 开始 输入xA[ 1,2] B.[ 2, 1] C.( , 2] D. [2,) 否xx [ 2,2是■f(x) 2f(x) 24.某几何体的三视图如图所示，则它的体积是 2输出f (x)， |_结束D.825.已知 ABC 的外接圆的圆心为 O ，半径为1,uu u AB AC UULT2AO ，uuu uuur 且 |OA| | AC |，则 明德中学高三数学备课组在每小题给出的四个选项中 ，只有一项交双曲线右支于点 P ,若 T 为线段FP 的中点,则该双曲线的渐近线方程为 16.若一个二进制数中1的个数多于0的个数，则称此数为 好数” ⑴6位二进制数中 好数”的个数为8.已知函数f （x ）-4 k2 21（x R ）,若对于任意实数x 1,x 2,x 3 ,总存在以 1f （xj, f （X 2）, f （X 3）为三边边长的三角形, 则实数k 的取值范围是1 A[齐]B.[1,4]C.[D.[1,)二•填空题：本大题共 8小题，考生作答中对应题号后的横线上.7小题，每小题5分，共35分把答案填在答题卡（一）选做题（请考生在第 9,10,11三题中任选两题作答，如果全做，则按前2题给分）9.已知直线l 的极坐标方程为：cos（寸2，则极点0到直线I 的距离为 ________ .10.如图，已知O O 的半径为2, PA 是O O 的切线,A 为切点，且PA 2. 2，过点P 的一条割线与O O 交于B,C 两点，圆心O 到割线的距离为,3，则PB11.若不等式|2x 1||2x 5| a 无解，则实数a 的取值范围是（二）必做题（12 —16题）1 6-）的展开式中的常数项为x212.二项式（X 13•给出下列命题: ①函数ysin 2x 在［0, —］上是增函数；②在 ABC 中，sin A sin B 4 的充要条件是A B ；③函数 f(x)sin 2 x, x (,0] 的最大周期为.其中真命题的个数为14.已知点P （x, y ）的坐标满足: 2xy 2y0，则x 2 2—匕的取值范围为xy2x15.过双曲线—- a2=1(a>0,b>0)的左焦点 bF 引圆2 2y a 的切线，切点为T ,延长FT⑵6位二进制数中所有 好数”的和为 .（结果用十进制数表示）三•解答题：本大题共 6小题，共75分，解得应写出文字说明，证明过程或演算步骤 •17.(本小题满分12分)锐角 ABC 的三个内角A 、 B 、 C 所对边的长分别为a 、 b ， c .设向量ur rur rm (c a,b a), n (a b, c)，且m// n.⑴求角B 的大小；⑵若b 1，求a c 的取值范围.18.(本小题满分12分)某人将一颗粒 P 放于坐标原点 0,他通过掷一颗骰子来移动点 P ：若掷出的点数大于2,则将点P 右移一个单位，否则，上移一个单位 .他一共抛掷了 5次.⑴求点P 移到了点Q(3,2)的概率;⑵若点P 移到了点Q(x, y)，设 |x y |，求随机变量的分布列和数学期望19.(本小题满分12分)已知正四棱柱 ABCD A ,B 1C 1D 1 中，AB 1,AA 1 2.⑴求证：BQ //平面ABD ;⑵求直线AD 与平面ABD 所成角的正弦值； ⑶若点P 平面ABD , AP 平面ABD ，在如图所示 的空间直角坐标系中求点 P 的坐标.⑶求证：对任意n N*且n 2有1 1 cos — cos L cos 1L4 62n 2320.(本小题满分13分)1113 已知数列｛a n ｝满足：a a( a 1),a n 1a ； a n (n 22 4 4N ).证明：⑴数列｛a n ｝是递增数列；⑵ |印 1| |a ；1| L |a n 1| 2(n N ).21.(本小题满分13 分)已知焦点为F 1( 1,0), F 2(1,0)的椭圆经过点 A, B 两点,其中O 为坐标原点.uuu uuu⑴求椭圆的方程；⑵求 OAgOB 的范围.22.(本小题满分13 分)已知函数f(x) Sin ^,x0 x2⑴求证：f (x)为单调递减函数；⑵当 0 x 时,4k 的最小值;1一 1 sin sin L sin . n 46 2n，直线I 过点F 2与椭圆交于 f(x)湖南省长沙市2013届高三模拟考试数学试卷（理科）参考答案时量：120分钟 满分：150分 命题：明德中学高三数学备课组.选择题：本大题共 8小题,每小题5分,共40分•在每小题给出的四个选项中 ，只有一项 是符合题目要求的•7•解：x 2y 2xy 8 9 (1 x)(1 2y) [(1 x) (1 2y)'2（二）必做题（12 —16题）512.答案：15 13.答案：214 •答案：［2,-］215.答案：2x y 016.答案：⑴16;⑵85316•解：⑴后5位中，1的个数至少有3个，所求个数为C ； C ； C? 16 ⑵所求和为 16 25（C ： C ： C ：）（24 23 22 2 1） 853.三、解答题：本大题共 6小题，共75分，解得应写出文字说明，证明过程或演算步骤 17.（本小题满分 解：⑴m // n , 12分) • (c a)c(b a)(a b) 0, • 2 2 …a cb 2 ac ,2 2 .2a c b1 1即,cosB,B . 6分2ac2 2 3• B ，二 2 AC —3， 3ABC 为锐角三角形，•••0 A -,0 C2 ，…—A, 7分23262高三数学（理科）第5页共9页2y 4当且仅当x 8•解:2,y 1时取等号，所以（x 2y ）min ， k t k2x，则函数化为f （x ） g （t ） 1(0,1时, k 2f （x ）的值域为（1 --- ］，问题，3解得1时, f （x ）的值域为｛1｝，符合;1时, k 2f （x ）的值域为［亠上1），问题2〉3解得综上，实数一 1k 的取值范围是［—,4］2本大题共 8小题，考生作答7小题，每小题5分,二、填空题：中对应题号后的横线上（一）选做题（请考生在第 9,10,11三题中任选两题作答，如果全做, 9•答案：2 10答案：211.答案: 共35分把答案填在答题卡 则按前 2题给分） （,6］2sin Asin B —，且 b 1，sin Cbsin A bsinCsin Bsin A sin(2A)32 3...3(2sinA、.、3 sin A cos A 2sin( A10分c (.3,2].12分18.(本小题满分 解：⑴点P 由原点移到点Q(3,2)，需向右移 3 2 3 1 2 80 p c ；(n 3(：)23 3 24312 分) 3次，向上移2次, 故所求概率为⑵点Q 所有可能的位置为(0,5),(1,4),(2,3),(3,2),(4,1),(5,0)，于是随机变量 的取值为： 的所有可能P( 1) P(3) P( 5) 1，3，5. C 3(2)3_(1)2 c 2(2)2g (1)3 120 C 5( ) a ：)C 5( ) a ；)3 3 3 243 g 1 C 12g ^1)490 「C 5 c(_) 3 3 3 2432 1 33 c 5(-)5 c 0(-)53 3 2433 2、33 c ；(|)4 3 ”2 - i八3' 随机变量的分布列为： 1 3 5 P 120 90 33243 243 243120 90 33 185 E 1 3 5243 243 243 81 19. (本小题满分 12分) 解：⑴证明：••• A 1B 1 P AB P cD , •••四边形 A ,BQD 为平行四边形， EC // A 1D , 又BC 平面ABD , A ,D 平面A ,BD , 所以B 1C //平面A ,BD 4分 uuu BD ( 1,1,0),r设平面ABD 的一个法向量为nruur r uuu nBD n gBD 0 x r UULT r uuirn BA , ngBAj 0 uuu r x cos UULT r AD, n ADgn 2uuu L |ADgn|3⑵在如图所示的空间直角坐标系中, uur uiu BA 「WAD (O,1，。
2013年长沙市高考模拟试卷
2013年长沙市高考模拟试卷语文总分：150分时量：150分钟本试卷共7道大题，21道小题（2道选做题任选l小题）。
一、语言文字运用（12分，每小题3分）1．下列词语中加点的字，语音全部正确的一组A．漫溯（sù）铁砧（zhēn）旱涝（lào）差强人意（qiánɡ）B．骁勇（xiāo）剽悍（biāo）商榷（què）不屈不挠（náo）C．散步（sǎn）削价（xuē）刷白（shuà）洗洗涮涮（shuàn）D．嶙峋（xín）丰稔（rěn）醇厚（chún）追本溯源（sù）2．下列词语中，没有错别字的一组是A．坐镇尺牍趋之若鹜与子偕老B．犀利褴褛箭步如飞真知卓见C．蜗居冒然唉声叹气湮没无闻D．蜜饯熟稔怡笑大方礼尚往来3．下列各句中，没有语病的一项是A．莫言在80年代中期以一系列乡土作品崛起，充满着“怀乡”以及“怨乡”的复杂情感，被归类为“寻根文学”作家，也使他当之无愧地获得了诺贝尔文学奖的殊荣。
B．日方非法“购买”钓鱼岛的行径严重侵犯中国领土主权，日方应正视当前中日关系的严峻局面，承认钓鱼岛主权争议，回到谈判解决钓鱼岛问题的轨道上来。
C．京广高铁于2012年12月26日全线开通运营，这条大动脉连接的大都是主要的金融中心和大型城市。
D．自1月1日施行的“闯黄灯扣6分”的新交通规则在民间引发争议，虽然公安部日前下发通知暂时以教育为主，但不少业内外人士都表示朝令夕改伤害法律权威。
4．下面四种不同的表达语，通顺、得体的一项是A．（申请报告）我校设备简陋，教室处在风雨飘摇之中，望拨款修整。
B．（广播稿）据悉，此次义演所筹之捐款将会在最近转送到黔江地区的希望小学。
C．（班会课）王老师对全班学生说：“同学们，别忘了，我们是学生，我们的主要任务是学习”。
D．（自荐信）虽然我只有本科学历，但绝对名副其实，恳请学校领导唯才是用。
湖南省长沙市2013届高三高考模拟化学试题
科目：化学（试题卷）注意事项：1. 答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号写在答题卡和该试题卷的封面上，并认真核对条形码的姓名、准考证号和科目。
2. 选择题和非选择题均须在答题卡上作答，在本试题卷和草稿纸上作答无效。
考生在答题卡上按答题卡中注意事项的要求答题。
3. 本试题卷共7页。
如缺页，考生须及时报告监考老师，否则后果自负。
4. 考试结束后，将本试题卷和答题一并交回。
姓名准考证号实用文档绝密★启用前Array2013年长沙市高考模拟试卷化学长沙市教科院组织名优教师联合命制本试题卷分选择题和非选择题两部分。
时量90分钟，满分100分。
可能用到的相对原子质量： O：16 N：14 S：16 Ba： 137第I卷选择题一、选择题(本题包括16小题，每小题3分，共48分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的。
)1、PM2. 5是指大气中直径小于或等于2.5微米的颗粒物，严重危害人体健康，也称为可入肺颗粒物。
近年来我国PM2.5污染问题日益凸显。
2012年长沙市开展PM2.5和臭氧监测，每天都公布空气质量级别。
下面所列各项，在空气质量日报中完全正确的是①可吸入颗粒物②总悬浮颗粒物③氢氧化物④二氧化碳⑤二氧化硫⑥二氧化氮⑦一氧化碳⑧一氧化氮⑨氮气⑩臭氧A．①③⑤⑦⑨ B．②③⑤⑥⑦ C．②④⑥⑦⑩ D．①⑤⑥⑦⑩实用文档实用文档2、下列化学用语中，书写错误的是A ．硫离子的结构示意图：B ．氟化钠的电子式：C ．甲基的电子式：D ．次氯酸的结构式：H ―O ―Cl3、设阿伏加德罗常数（N A ）的数值为n A ,下列说法正确的是A ．1 mol Cl 2与足量Fe 反应，转移的电子数为3n AB ．1.5 mol NO 2与足量H 2O 反应，转移的电子数为n AC ．常温常压下，46 g 的NO 2和N 2O 4混合气体含有的原子数为3n AD ．0.10mol Fe 粉与足量水蒸气反应生成的H 2分子数为0.10n A4、将足量CO 2通入下列各溶液中，所含离子还能大量共存的是A ．K ＋、SiO 32－、Cl －、SO 42－B ．H ＋、NH 4＋、Al 3＋、SO 42－C ．Na ＋、S 2－、CO 32－、SO 42－D ．Na ＋、C 6H 5O －、CH 3COO －、HCO 3－5、下列离子方程式正确的是A ．向盐酸中滴加氨水：H ++OH －=H 2OB ．Fe(OH)3溶于氢碘酸：Fe(OH)3+3H +=Fe 3++3H 2OC ．铜溶于稀硝酸：3Cu+8H ++2NO 3－=3Cu 2＋+2NO↑+4H 2OD ．Na 2S 2O 3溶液中通入足量氯气：S 2O 32－＋2Cl 2＋3H 2O ＝2SO 32－＋4Cl －＋6H ＋6、短周期元素甲、乙、丙、丁的原子序数依次增大，甲和乙形成的气态化合物的水溶液呈碱性，乙位于第VA族，甲和丙同主族，丁原子最外层电子数与电子层数相等，则A．原子半径：丙<丁<乙B．单质的还原性：丁＞丙＞甲C．甲、乙、丙的氧化物均为共价化合物D．乙、丙、丁的最高价氧化物对应的水化物能相互反应7、下列各溶液中，微粒的物质的量浓度关系正确的是A．1.0mol/L Na2CO3溶液：c(OH－)＝c(HCO3－)＋c(H＋)＋c(H2CO3)B．1.0mol/LNH4Cl溶液：c(NH4＋)＝c(Cl－)C．向醋酸钠溶液中加入适量醋酸，得到的酸性混合溶液：c(Na＋)＞c(CH3COO－)＞c(H＋)＞c(OH－)D．向硝酸钠溶液中滴加稀盐酸得到的pH＝5的混合溶液：c(Na＋)＝c(NO3－)8、已知反应：①2C(s)＋O2(g)＝2CO（g）△H＝－221kJ/mol②H＋(aq)＋OH－(aq)＝H2O(1)；△H＝－57.3kJ/mol 下列结论正确的是实用文档A．碳的燃烧热大于110.5kJ/molB．①的反应热为221kJ/molC．稀硫酸与稀NaOH溶液反应的中和热为－57.3kJ/molD．稀醋酸与稀NaOH溶液反应生成1mol水，放出57.3kJ热量9、2SO2(g)+O2(g)2SO3(g)是工业制硫酸的主要反应之一。
湖南省长沙市2013届高三第三次模拟考试地理试题 含解析
第Ⅰ卷（选择题共44分）下图为某城市制造业与服务业空间分布模式.读图回答1～2题。
1．影响图中各曲线形态变化的主导因素是( ）A。
地价水平 B. 技术水平C。
交通通达度D。
环境优劣2．与1995年相比,2009年该城市( )A。
功能分区明显弱化B. 制造业向城区中心集聚C. 市区服务业密度增大D. 近郊制造业密度减小下图为我国1950~2000年人口增长动态统计图。
分析判断3~4题。
3．1960年, 我国人口增长出现明显的变化，有关说法正确的是（)A. 该年人口出生率和死亡率明显下降B. 人口自然增长率较低，但高于2000年C. 人口已出现负增长,为现代型增长类型D。
人口出生率明显下降，死亡率明显上升,并出现负增长4．1970～2000年, 有关我国人口再生产特点的叙述,正确的是( ) A. 自然增长率基本不变 B. 死亡率明显下降C. 出生率总体下降D。
为“高低高”模式读下图，完成5～7题。
5。
图中AC铁路建设的主要自然障碍是( ）A. 东部高寒缺氧B。
地表起伏大,且西部多地质灾害C。
降水强度大，多飓风暴雨D. 技术水平的限制6. 关于B位置所在山脉东西两侧雪线高低及原因的说法，正确的是( ）A. 东高西低；西部为寒流流经，温度低B。
东高西低；西部为盛行西风的迎风坡，降水多C。
东西两侧一样高；同纬度太阳辐射基本一样强D．西高东低；西部靠近海洋，相对温暖7。
有关图中A区域农业生产特点的叙述,正确的是( )A。
粮食产量大,但商品率低B。
劳动力丰富，机械化水平较低C。
水利工程量大，市场适应性强D。
地广人稀，机械化程度较高，商品率高考点：本题考查影响雪线高低的主要因素。
世界地理主要地区，交通线路影响因素.区域农业的发展。
下图为某城市部分地区经过数字化处理的“交通线、功能分区、地价”图.图上方为正北方。
读图,回答8~9题。
8．若布局合理，则该城市盛行风向最不可能( )A．西南风B．西北风C．东风D．东北风9．若在该区域新建物流中心，最宜选择在( ）A．甲B．乙C．丙D．丁下图中XY线为地球自转线速度等值线，PQ为锋面。
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2013年湖南省长沙市高三年级高考模拟试卷高三2013-04-17 17:112013年湖南省长沙市高三年级高考模拟试卷语文试题一、语言文字运用（12分，每小题3分）1．下列词语中加点的字，语音全部正确的一组A．漫溯（sù）铁砧（zhēn）旱涝（lào）差强人意（qiánɡ）B．骁勇（xiāo）剽悍（biāo）商榷（quâ）不屈不挠（náo）C．散步（sǎn）削价（xuē）刷白（shuà）洗洗涮涮（shuàn）D．嶙峋（xín）丰稔（rěn）醇厚（chún）追本溯源（sù）2．下列词语中，没有错别字的一组是A．坐镇尺牍趋之若鹜与子偕老B．犀利褴褛箭步如飞真知卓见C．蜗居冒然唉声叹气湮没无闻D．蜜饯熟稔怡笑大方礼尚往来3．下列各句中，没有语病的一项是A．莫言在80年代中期以一系列乡土作品崛起，充满着“怀乡”以及“怨乡”的复杂情感，被归类为“寻根文学”作家，也使他当之无愧地获得了诺贝尔文学奖的殊荣。
B．日方非法“购买”钓鱼岛的行径严重侵犯中国领土主权，日方应正视当前中日关系的严峻局面，承认钓鱼岛主权争议，回到谈判解决钓鱼岛问题的轨道上来。
C．京广高铁于 2012年12月26日全线开通运营，这条大动脉连接的大都是主要的金融中心和大型城市。
D．自1月1日施行的“闯黄灯扣6分”的新交通规则在民间引发争议，虽然公安部日前下发通知暂时以教育为主，但不少业内外人士都表示朝令夕改伤害法律权威。
4．下面四种不同的表达语，通顺、得体的一项是A．（申请报告）我校设备简陋，教室处在风雨飘摇之中，望拨款修整。
B．（广播稿）据悉，此次义演所筹之捐款将会在最近转送到黔江地区的希望小学。
C．（班会课）王老师对全班学生说：“同学们，别忘了，我们是学生，我们的主要任务是学习”。
D．（自荐信）虽然我只有本科学历，但绝对名副其实，恳请学校领导唯才是用。
二、文言文阅读（共22分。
其中，选择题12分，每小题3分；翻译题10分）阅读下面的文言文，完成5-8题。
古者，名以正体，字以表德，名终则讳之，字乃可以为孙氏。
孔子弟子记事者，皆称仲尼。
江南至今不讳字也。
河北人士全不辨之，名亦呼为字，字固呼为字。
偏傍之书，死有归杀，子孙逃窜，莫肯在家；画瓦书符，作诸厌胜①；丧出之日，门前然火，户外列灰，祓送家鬼，章断注连②。
凡如此比，不近有情，乃儒雅之罪人，弹议所当加也。
《礼经》：“父之遗书，母之杯圈，感其手口之泽，不忍读用。
”正为常所讲习，讎校缮写，及偏加服用，有迹可思者耳。
若寻常坟典③，为生什物，安可悉废之乎？既不读用，无容散逸，惟当缄保，以留后世耳。
江南风俗，儿生一期，为制新衣，盥浴装饰，男则用弓矢纸笔，女则刀尺针缕，并加饮食之物，及珍宝服玩，置之儿前，观其发意所取，以验贪廉愚智，名之为试儿。
亲表聚集，致宴享焉。
……四海之人，结为兄弟，亦何容易，必有志均义敌，令终如始者，方可议之。
一尔之后，命子拜伏，呼为丈人，申父交之敬，身事彼亲，亦宜加礼。
比见北人甚轻此节，行路相逢，便定昆季，望年观貌，不择是非，至有结父为兄、托子为弟者。
（选自《颜氏家训·风操篇》【注】①厌（yā）胜：制服，指用巫术制服妖邪等。
②章断注连：上章以求断绝死者之殃染及旁人。
注连，传染的意思。
③坟典：《三坟》《五典》的简称，泛指古籍。
5．对下列句子中加点的词的解释，不正确的一项是（）A．名终则讳之讳：避讳 B．无容散逸逸：丢失C．儿生一期期：周年 D．申父交之敬申: 申诉6．下列各组句子中，加点的词的意义和用法不相同的一组是（）A．古者，名以正体然秦以区区之地B．乃儒雅之罪人且以一璧之故逆强秦之欢C．儿生一期，为制新衣君为我呼入D．感其手口之泽此其志不在小7.下列各句对原文的理解与分析，不正确的一项是（）A．古代一个人的名和字是代表不同的意思的，名代表自己，而字则代表着这个人的德行，我们常说的“避讳”一般是指讳字。
B．在节选的文中，作者从“名字”“归杀”“废物”“试儿”“结拜”等几个方面阐述了对风操德行的一些看法。
C．作者认为“结拜”是不能随意为之的，结拜者要有共同的志向，而且，也要讲究一定的仪式，不能太草率。
D．本文节选自《颜氏家训·风操篇》，风操是指士大夫的门风节操。
作者从传统经学出发，结合当时的实际，论述了对名讳、结交等流行风尚的看法。
8．把文中画横线的句子翻译成现代汉语。
（10分）（1）河北人士全不辨之，名亦呼为字，字固呼为字。
（3分）译文: （2）置之儿前，观其发意所取，以验贪廉愚智，名之为试儿。
（4分）译文：（3）必有志均义敌，令终如始者，方可议之。
（3分）译文：9．文言文断句不正确的一项是（）A．太宗有一骏马/特爱之/恒于宫中养饲/无病而暴死/太宗怒养马宫人/将杀之B．吾见过我者多矣/莫我哀也/衰我者惟夫子/向使夫子不不食/其能哀我乎C．刻削之道/鼻莫如大/目莫如小/鼻大可小/小不可大也/目小可大/大不可小也/举事亦然/为其后可复者也/则其事寡败D．昔者有馈鱼于郑相者/郑相不受/或谓郑相曰/子嗜鱼/何故不受/对曰/吾以嗜鱼/故不受鱼/受鱼失禄/无以食/鱼不受/得禄终身食鱼三、古代诗歌鉴赏和古诗文默写（共13分）10．阅读下面的诗歌，完成题目。
(8分)初见嵩山张耒年来鞍马困尘埃，赖有青山豁我怀。
日暮北风吹雨去，数峰清瘦出云来。
【注释】张耒：北宋诗人，苏门四学士之一，因受苏轼牵连，累遭贬谪。
（1）从形式看，这首诗属于____________诗。
（2分）（2）“数峰清瘦出云来”中“清瘦”一词历来为人称道，请赏析其妙处。
（6分）11．古诗文默写。
（5分，每空1分）（1）___________________，相逢何必曾相识。
（白居易《琵琶行》）（2）___________________，雄飞雌从绕林间。
（李白《蜀道难》）（3）满地黄花堆积，_________________，__________________？（李清照《声声慢》）（4）君子生非异也，___________________。
（荀子《劝学》）四、现代文（论述类、实用类）阅读（共10分。
其中，填空题4分；选择题6分，每小题3分）阅读下面的文字，完成12-14题。
3D打印的革命性王飞跃梁晓辉3D打印堪称2012年的一个热词儿。
这项由麻省理工学院研究生1995年命名的技术，现在终于变得较为易用和大众化。
3D打印源自100多年前的照相雕塑和地貌成形技术，上世纪80年代已有雏形，其学术名称叫快速成型，是一种不需要传统刀具和机床就能打造出任意形状、根据物体的三维模型数据制成实物模型的技术，被认为是一项改变世界的新技术。
具体地说，人们首先需要通过电脑对实物进行扫描或直接创建一个三维设计图，再通过3D打印机对这个立体原型进行“切片”，一层一层地进行数据记录，然后将原材料按切片数据层层叠加，直到最终成型。
3D打印使用的不是传统的“墨”，而是那些能发生固化反应的材料，比如树脂、塑料、陶瓷、金属等，因而能“打印”出实实在在的三维立体模型，就像童话中的“复制机”一般神奇。
小到一只耳环，大到体积庞大的工程零件、器具，只要获得了原始的模型数据，3D打印机都能将这些东西精准地复制出来。
这将使工厂彻底告别车床、钻头、冲压机、制模机等传统工具，从而转变为一种以3D打印为基础的、成本更低、研发周期更短的生产方式。
英国《经济学家》杂志曾刊发题为《第三次工业革命》的文章，称3D打印标志着第三次工业革命的到来。
以目前的发展情况判断，3D打印之后，必将是社会制造的迅猛崛起。
据报道，国外目前已经通过3D打印技术成功地“打印”出了手枪、自行车、汽车、电控飞行器等物。
美国3D打印服务提供商Shapeways首席执行官彼得称，他们去年已经“打印”了75万种产品，使用的材料包括塑料、不锈钢、银、陶瓷和玻璃等，数量之多令人惊叹。
现今，3D打印也应用于珠宝制造和模型制作，在时装业、电影业、建筑业等10多个不同的行业和领域显示出了十足的魅力，并大大改变了美国制造业的格局，以至于美国《时代周刊》将3D打印产业列为“2012年美国10大增长最快的工业”。
其实，众多的3D打印创业者此前早已落户以虚拟经济著称的纽约市，即便在2008年金融危机的情况下，3D 打印还是拉动了当地的萧条经济，为经济增长贡献了力量。
3D打印的应用并不止于工业制造，它在医学界也有着广阔的发展前景。
设想一下，如果它用来打印的“墨”是一个个活体细胞，那么，只要获得相关器官的切片数据，该器官就可以被“打印”出来。
这并非天方夜谭，在去年举行的全球科技娱乐设计大会（TED）上，美国维克森林再生医学学院博士安东尼就向人们展示了这样一个肾脏模型打印的过程。
据他介绍，他们正在进行一个更大胆的试验，直接用打印机在人体伤口上进行修复式“打印”，如果取得成功，这将是医学领域的重大进展。
选自《人民日报》（ 2012年12月18日22版）12．3D打印可以广泛地应用于不同的行业，本文则重点介绍了3D打印在_________领域和_____________领域的应用情况。
（4分）13．对3D打印优点的阐述，不恰当的一项是A．3D打印使用的不是传统的“墨”，从而能减少对环境的污染。
B．3D打印是一种低成本、研发周期短的生产方式，是制作业的一次革命。
C．3D打印能够带动制造业的发展，从而为经济增长做出贡献。
D．3D打印甚至有可能在人体伤口上进行修复式“打印”，所以，它在医学界也有着广阔的发展前景。
14．根据原文信息，下列判断和推理正确的一项是A．3D打印学术名称叫快速成型，是一种根据物体的三维模型数据制成实物模型的技术。
B．只要获得了原始的模型数据，3D打印机就能轻松地将所有的东西精准地复制出来。
C．众多的3D打印创业者落户以虚拟经济著称的纽约市，在2008年金融危机的情况下，3D打印改变了金融状况，扭转了局面。
D．3D打印在医学上也有神奇作用，不仅能“打印”器官，还能根据相关器官的切片数据克隆出活的器官。
五、现代文（文学类）阅读（共21分）阅读下面的文字，完成15-18题。
听，剧院的钟声铃声郭启宏①远远望去，一座庞大的建筑，没有围墙，没有石狮子，只横陈着一方巨石，若披襟，如袒腹，在高楼林立的大都会，在繁盛的闹市区，肯定是别具特色的一道风景。
这就是北京人民艺术剧院。
②当我迎台阶拾级而上，置身于熟悉的大厅，总会油然而生更在亲切之上的神圣感。
我无数次来到这里，却总如同初瞻乍见，无数次怀着赤子之心诚惶诚恐仰望，无数次检身自省唯恐愧对。
我的作品在这里上演，我在这里看到更多的演出。
仔细一想，除了这里，我很少到其他场所看话剧。
是习惯？是偏爱？有一点可以肯定，我沉迷于艺术，我讨厌商业炒作。