英语口译改革开放类
《英语口语改革开放》课件
和技巧 • 提高听力和写作技
能的练习
英语教育的城乡差异
城市地区
英语教育资源优势：高水平教育机构和外籍教 师，更广泛的学科组合和选修课程。
农村地区
英语教育资源的不足：师资力量不足，基础设 施落后，学生及家庭自学意愿较低。
英语教育的挑战与机遇
1 机遇
2 挑战
创新方法
启用最先进的技术和教 学方法，推广应用数字 化教学课件。
总体规划
加强全国英语教育资源 的统筹规划和科学分配。
面向未来：英语教育新时代
教育智能化
人工智能课程上线，智慧教 育展望未来。
全球视野
创新教学震撼
推进中外英语教育交流合作， 推动世界范围内的英语言教 育大发展。
语言教学向MOOC等多元化 方向发展，不断推出造福民 众的好课程。
《英语口语改革开放》 PPT课件
英语是改革开放建设的重要推手之一。培养高素质人才是加快中国现代化进 程的必经之路。本课程将探讨四十年来中国英语教育的变革与未来发展。
改革开放初期的英语教育
1 班级教学
师生关系密切，语言学习内容局限于课本和考试。
2 低水平演讲
主要口语技能是复制和背诵，学生缺乏实际运用的机会。
互联网科技与英语教育的深度融合、一 带一路战略带来的交流合作机会、全球 英语市场的增长。
英语师资力量和教育资源的失衡、英语 学习者面临的难度、英语文化焕发活力 和传播中产生的文化冲突。
个人成功案例：马云与英语教育
马云曾坦白他在英语学习上面临的挑战：面对枯燥乏味的课本和纷繁复杂的语法规则，他决定 通过观看美剧来提高自己的口语水平，终于在留美进修期间完成了OSCAR考试。
改革开放类英语词汇
汉英口译分类词汇（03）--改革开放词汇保险业The insurance industry保证重点支出Ensure funding for priority areas被兼并或挤掉annexed or forced out of business补发拖欠的养老金 Clear up pension payments in arrears不良贷款 Non—performing loan层层转包和违法分保 Multi-level contracting and illegal subcontracting产值output value城乡信用社Credit Cooperative in both urban and rural areas城镇居民最低生活保障 A minimum standard of living for city residents城镇职工医疗保险制度 The system of medical insurance for urban workers抽样调查data from the sample survey出口信贷Export credit初步建立社会主义计划商品经济新体制。
to establish at a preliminary level a new system of socialist planned commodity economy.贷款质量Loan quality贷款质量五级分类办法 The five-category assets classification for bank loans第二产业secondary industry第三产业tertiary industry第一产业primary industry独资企业wholly foreign owned/funded enterprise发电量electric energy production发挥市场的调节作用to give play to the regulatory role of the market发展过快excessive growth防范和化解金融风险 Take precautions against and reduce financial risks防洪工程 Flood-prevention project非法外汇交易Illegal foreign exchange transaction非公有成分non-public sectors非贸易收汇 Foreign exchange earnings through non trade channels非银行金融机构 Non-bank financial institutions费改税Transform administrative fees into taxes分配形式forms of distribution风险资金risk funds副业sideline production改革是"社会主义制度的自我完善和自我发展"。
改革开放英语怎么说单词短语是什么
改革开放英语怎么说单词短语是什么改革开放，是1978年12月十一届三中全会起中国开始实行的对内改革、对外开放的政策。
那么，你知道改革开放的英语怎么说吗?改革开放的英文释义：reform and opening-up;reform and opening to the outside world改革开放的英文例句：我立即告诉他们，中国改革开放的政策不仅没有发生逆转，反之，中国经济的改革开放已经向进一步深化方向发展，改革开放的程度会越来越高。
I immediately allayed their concerns.On the contrary, China is making further economic reforms to facilitate the process of opening up.我们把改革开放叫作社会主义改革开放，因为它是中国社会主义制度的自我完善和发展。
We refer to our reform and opening-up as socialist reform and opening-up because they constitute the process of self-improvement and development of the socialist system in China.30年来，改革开放的每一个重大的实践活动和理论创新，都是由思想解放开始的，思想解放是改革开放实践的先导。
In the past 30 years, every innovation of theory and practice would start from mind emancipating, which is the forerunner of reform and opening.改革与开放] 摘要：邓小平是我国改革开放的总设计师。
Deng Xiaoping is the chief designer of China's reform and opening-up policy.中国改革开放30年，以全面推进素质教育作为会计基础教育改革和会计专业教育改革的重要方向。
改革开放英文演讲稿范文
Good morning/afternoon/evening. It is my great honor to stand before you today and share with you my thoughts on the topic of "Reform andOpening-up in China".Reform and opening-up, as a strategic decision made by the Chinese Communist Party in 1978, has been a landmark event in China's modern history. It marked the beginning of China's transition from a planned economy to a socialist market economy, and has since then brought about remarkable changes in China's political, economic, social, and cultural aspects.Firstly, let us talk about the economic achievements. Since the implementation of reform and opening-up, China has experienced an extraordinary economic growth, which has lifted hundreds of millions of people out of poverty. According to data from the World Bank, China's GDP has grown at an average annual rate of 9.5% over the past four decades, making it the fastest-growing major economy in the world. This economic miracle has not only improved the living standards of the Chinese people, but also made China an important player in the global economy.Secondly, reform and opening-up has brought about significant social progress. The reform has led to the improvement of education, healthcare, and social security systems. Today, China has the world's largest higher education system, with over 40 million students enrolled. The averagelife expectancy in China has increased from 32 years in 1949 to 77 years in 2020. Moreover, the reform has promoted the development of civil society, which has enhanced people's participation in public affairs and social governance.Thirdly, reform and opening-up has facilitated China's integration into the global community. China has actively participated in international economic cooperation and trade, and has established diplomatic relations with more than 180 countries. China has also joined variousinternational organizations, such as the United Nations, the World Trade Organization, and the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation. These efforts have not only enhanced China's international status, but also promoted the development of global governance.However, the reform and opening-up process has also encountered challenges and difficulties. The reform has brought about social differentiation and income inequality, which have raised concerns about social justice and stability. In addition, the rapid economic growth has led to environmental degradation and resource depletion, which require us to pursue sustainable development.To address these challenges, China has been continuously deepening its reform and opening-up. The following measures have been taken:1. Promoting innovation-driven development: China has been investing heavily in research and development, aiming to build a stronginnovation-driven economy. The country has established a number of national laboratories, research centers, and technology parks to foster innovation and entrepreneurship.2. Improving the socialist market economy: China has been advancing the reform of state-owned enterprises, encouraging private enterprises to participate in the market competition, and promoting fair competition and orderly market order.3. Enhancing the rule of law: China has been working to strengthen the rule of law, ensuring that all citizens are equal before the law. The country has also been fighting corruption and improving the judicial system.4. Pursuing green development: China has been implementing a series of policies to promote green development, such as energy conservation, emission reduction, and ecological protection.5. Deepening international cooperation: China has been actively participating in global governance, pushing for the construction of a community with a shared future for mankind, and promoting peace, development, and cooperation among countries.In conclusion, reform and opening-up has been a great success in China, and it has become an essential part of China's development strategy. As we move forward, we should continue to deepen the reform and opening-up,promote innovation, and pursue sustainable development, so that China can continue to play a positive role in the global community.Thank you for your attention.。
改革开放四十年热词英文
改革开放四十年热词1.改革开放reform and opening-up2.家庭联产承包责任制Household Contract Responsibility System3.解放思想,实事求是Emancipating the mind, seeking truth from facts4.绿皮车green train5.高考national college entrance exam6.经济特区special economic zone7.五讲四美三热爱five emphases, four points of beauty and three loves8.一国两制one country, two systems9.小康社会A moderately prosperous society10.冲出亚洲走向世界Out of Asia, into the world11.麦乳精malted milk12. 下海venture into business, jump into the business world13.个体户self- employed entrepreneur14.万元户ten- thousand- yuan household15.倒爷profiteer/ wheeler- dealer16.“三农”问题issues of agriculture, farmer and rural area17.“女排精神” patriotic women' s volleyball spirit18.麦丽素Mylikes19.跳跳糖Pop Rocks20.辣条spicy gluten21.铁饭碗Iron rice Bowl22.喇叭裤flared trousers,bel- bottomed pants23.蝙蝠衫batwing- sleeved blouse/batwing blouse24.蛤蟆镜aviator sunglasses25.健美裤fitness tights26.大背头pompadour/ /slicked- back hair27.大哥大GSM mobile telephone28.呼拉圈hula hoop29.春晚Spring Festival gala30.收录机radio cassette recorder31.BP机(寻呼机) Beep Pager32.交谊舞ballroom dancing33.相亲(盲约) blind date34.爆炸头Afro35.迷你裙miniskirt36.唱Karaoke singing37.蹦迪disco dancing38.南方谈话south tour speeches39.发展才是硬道理Development is the absolute principle40.下岗再就业re- employment after being laid off41.小灵通PHS( Personal Handyphone System)42.农民工migrant workers43.大款tycoon/ fat cat44.黄金周Golden Week45.依法治国rule of law46.西部大开发Western Development47.三个代表Three Represents48.入世entry to the WTO49.南水北调工程South-to- North Water Diversion Project50.钉子户“ dingzihu"/nail house51.粉丝fans52.坡跟鞋wedge heels53.上网surfing the Internet54.网络文学online literature55.齐刘海neat bang56.杀马特发型shamate hairstyle57.千禧一代millennials58.博客bog59.(论坛)潜水lurk60.选秀talent show61.“超女” super gir l ( Super Girl Contest)62.科学发展观scientific outlook on development63.八荣八耻eight- honor and eight- shame64.草根grass- roots65.黄牛(票贩子)( ticket) scalper66.同一个世界,同一个梦想One World One Dream67.广场舞square dancing68.电子竞技e- sports69.健身workout/going to the gym70.摩托大军motorcycle ride71.房奴mortgage slave72.高铁high- speed train73. 双11 Double 11/singles' Day74.裸婚naked marriage75.剩男剩女leftover men and women76.异地恋long- distance relationship77.快递员deliveryman78.积分落户point- based household registration79.中国梦Chinese dream80.人类命运共同体a community with a shared future for mankind81.反腐anti- corruption82.精准扶贫targeted poverty alleviation83.雾霾smog84.点赞give a like85.转发forward/ repost86.网红online celebrity87.代购daigou/purchasing agent88.土豪nouveau riche( new rich) rich guy89.富二代rich second generation/ silver- spoon kid90.异地高考To sit NCEE locally91.舌尖上的中国a bite of china92.自由贸易试验区free trade pilot zone93.自拍selfie94.自媒体We-Meda95.男闺蜜bromeo96.经济适用男女budget husband/wife97.脸基尼Facekini98.脑残粉fangirl/fanboy99.朝阳群众residents of Chaoyang district100.“单独二胎”政策Two- child fertility policy for couples where either the husband or the wife is from a single child family101.游学overseas study tour102.“一带一路” the Belt and Road103.新中装new Chinese- style outfits104.APEC蓝APEC blue105.新常态new normal106.沪港通Shanghai- Hong Kong Stock Connect107. 中国制造2025 Made in china2025108.获得感sense of benefit109.移动支付mobile payment110.低头族phubber111.网络主播livestreaming host112.四个全面Four Comprehensives113. IP剧intellectual property adapted films or TV series114.HPV疫苗vaccine for the human papilloma virus115.不忘初心stay true to the mission116.人民币“入篮” RMB incl usion in the SDR/ Renminbi joins SDR117.二维码支付wo- dimension barcode payment118.共享单车bicycle sharing119.网约车online car- hailing/ride- hailing120.吃瓜群众the people who are kept in the dark121.定个小目标set a small goal122.厉害了我的哥My brother, you're really something/you rock!123.洪荒之力prehistoric power124.友谊的小船the ship of friendship125.北京瘫Beijing repose126.撸起袖子加油干Roll up our sleeves to work harder127.雄安新区Xiongan New Area128.共享经济the sharing economy129.互联网+ the Internet Plus model130.人工智能artificial intelligence131.平台经济the platform economy132.供给侧结构性改革supply- side structural reform133.厕所革命toilet revolution134.全面两孩政策all couples can now have two children135.工匠精神the spirit of workmanship136.蓝天保卫战the fight to defend the blue of our skies137.“双一流” world- class universities and world- class disciplines 138.虚拟现实virtual reality139.网络直播live streaming140.电动平衡车electric self- balancing scooter141.无人驾驶汽车autonomous/self- driving vehicle142.双创mass entrepreneurship and innovation143.创二代second generation entrepreneur144.中国国际进口博览会China International Import Expo （GIIE）145.店小二servant146.教科书式textbook47. 官宣officially announce/official announcement148.佛系Buddhist- style149.霸座take other's seat and refuse to leave150.港珠澳大桥Hong Kong- Zhuhai- Macao Bridge。
改革开放词汇-口译
靠扩大财政赤字搞建设 To increase the deficit to spend more on development 扣除物价上涨部分 price increase are deducted (excluded) 扩大国内需求 The expansion of domes c demand 拉动经济增长 Fuel economic growth 厉行节约，反对浪费 to prac ce strict economy and combat waste 粮食仓库 Grain depot
粮食收储企业 Grain Collec on and storage enterprise 粮食收购资金实行封闭运行 Closed opera on of grain purchase funds 粮食销售市场 Grain sales market 劣质工程 Shoddy engineering 林业 forestry 零售 retail 流通制度 circula on system 乱收费、乱摊派、乱罚款 Arbitrary charges, fund-raising, quotas and fines 农业 farming 骗汇、逃汇、套汇 Obtain foreign currency under false pretenses, not turn over foreign currency owed to the government and illegal arbitrage
关于改革开放的口译学习材料
Reform汉译英：1．中国人民按照“抓住机遇，深化鼎新，扩大开放，促进开展，保持稳定〞的方针，团结奋斗，开拓朝上进步，社会主义现代化事业取得了重大成就。
Guided by the principle of “seizing the current opportunity to deepen the reform and opening China wider to the outside world, promoting development and maintaining stability〞, the Chinese people worked hard with a united and pioneering spirit, achieving great success in the drive for socialist modernization.2．经济体制鼎新迈出了决定性程序，国民经济继续快速增长，人民生活进一步改善，社会保持不变，各方面工作都有新的进展，我们伟大的祖国欣欣向荣，各项事业蒸蒸日上，沿着建设有中国特色的社会主义道路阔步前进。
Decisive strides were made in economic restructuring. The national economy continued to grow rapidly. The lives of the people improved, and the society maintained its stability. Our great motherland moved rapidly towards prosperity, grew steadily with each passing day, and took great strides along the road to socialism with Chinese characteristics.3．按照建设社会主义市场经济体制的要求，我们对财税、金融、外汇、外贸、投资、价格和畅通体制进行了重大鼎新。
英语口译
英语口译朋友们：我代表中国国际旅行社重庆分社向在座的各位来宾表示热烈的欢迎。
中国有句古话：“有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎？”今天我很荣幸能在这里与大家见面并为大家服务。
大家知道，中国幅员辽阔，自然特征千差万别。
在重庆，你们将能看到独特的山城，这里的人民和众所周知的食品。
我相信通过这次访问，你们不仅能得到最大的享受，还能见到老朋友并交上新朋友。
在这期间，你们有些什么要求请尽管提出来，我一定尽全力使你们过得愉快。
我祝大家访问圆满成功，并祝大家身体健康，在重庆过得愉快。
谢谢各位。
Friends,On behalf of China International Trav el Service Chongqing Branch, I’d like to extend a warm welcome to all the guests present.There is an old saying in China, which goes “How happy we are, tomeet friends from afar?” Today, it’s an honor for me to meet all of you here and to be of service.As you all know, China is a large country with a great variety of physical characteristics. In Chongqing you’ll be able to get a glimpse of the unique mountainous city, its people and its widely known food.I believe through your visit you’ll not only enjoy yourselves but also meet old acquaintances and make new friends. During your stay here, let me know if you have any requests. I’ll do my utmost to make your stay a pleasure.I wish your visit a great success and wish everyone good health and a pleasant stay in Chongqing.Thank you.Respected Your Excellency, My Chinese friends,Thank you very much for your gracious words of welcome. This is a happy and memorable occasion for me personally as well as for all the member of my delegation.尊敬的阁下，中国朋友们：我非常感谢您热情亲切的欢迎，对我本人以及代表团所有成员来说，这是愉快而难忘的时刻。
改革开放英文作文翻译
改革开放英文作文翻译英文回答：China's reform and opening-up policy, initiated in 1978, has been a monumental undertaking that has transformed the country from an isolated and impoverished nation to aglobal economic powerhouse. This policy, characterized bythe gradual introduction of market mechanisms and the opening up of the economy to foreign investment and trade, has brought about unprecedented economic growth and improved living standards for the Chinese people.One of the key elements of reform and opening-up has been the decentralization of economic decision-making authority from the central government to local authorities. This has allowed for greater flexibility and innovation in economic management, and has fostered the development of a vibrant private sector. The establishment of special economic zones (SEZs) in coastal areas, such as Shenzhenand Xiamen, has also played a crucial role in attractingforeign investment and promoting exports.Foreign trade and investment have been major drivers of economic growth under reform and opening-up. The country has actively encouraged foreign companies to invest in China, and has created a more favorable investment climate through measures such as tax incentives and the establishment of foreign investment zones. China's accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 2001 has further integrated the country into the global economy and has boosted trade volumes.As a result of these policies, China has experienced rapid economic growth over the past four decades. Gross domestic product (GDP) has increased by an average of 9.5% per year, and the country has lifted hundreds of millions of people out of poverty. The urban population has expanded significantly, and living standards have improved dramatically.However, the reform and opening-up policy has also brought challenges, including growing income inequality,environmental degradation, and social unrest. The government has recognized these challenges and has implemented policies to address them, such as increasing social welfare spending, promoting environmental protection, and improving labor rights.Overall, China's reform and opening-up policy has beena remarkable success story. It has transformed the country into a major economic power and has significantly improved the lives of the Chinese people. While challenges remain, the policy has set China on a path of sustained economic growth and social progress.中文回答：改革开放是中国于1978年启动的一项伟大工程，将其从一个孤立贫困的国家转变为全球经济强国。
英语翻译三级口译实务模拟试题及答案解析(11)
英语翻译三级口译实务模拟试题及答案解析（11）(1/1)Part ⅠListen to the following dialogue and interpret it as required. After you hear a sentence or a short passage in Chinese, interpret it into English by speaking to the microphone. And after you hear an English sentence or short passage, interpret it into Chinese. You will hear the signal to tell you when you start interpreting. Now let's begin.Play00:0002:55Volume第1题A：你知道吗?60多年前，西藏和平解放了。
这是西藏发展史上一个具有划时代意义的转折点。
／／B: I read from Chinese modern history that it was a major event in China. It ushered in a new era in which Tibet would turn from darkness to light, from backwardness to progress, from poverty to affluence and from seclusion to openness. // A：是的。
在这60多年的时间里，在西藏这片古老而神奇的土地上，发生了以往任何时代都无可比拟的巨大变化，创造了旷世未有的人间奇迹。
／／B: Would you please tell me what specific changes have taken place in Tibet? // A：在这些年，西藏实现了社会制度的历史性跨越，走上了社会主义道路。
英语政治经济类缩写及口译符号
1.缩写UNESCO 联合国教科文组织UNICEF 联合国儿童基金会IMF 国际货币基金WTO 世界贸易组织EU 欧盟（欧洲同盟）APEC 亚太经合组织（亚洲太平洋经济合作组织）OPEC 石油输出国组织NATO 北约（北大西洋公约组织）CPC 中国共产党NPC 全国人民代表大会CPPCC 中国人民政治协商会议CAAC 中国民航CCTV 中央电视台PLA 中国人民解放军HKSAR 香港特别行政区GDP 国民生产总值Ch. govt. 中国政府re. op. 改革开放4 Ms 四个现代化tot. imp 进口总额tot. exp 出口总额NASA 美国宇航局FBI 美国联邦调查局GM 美国通用汽车公司ITT 美国电话电报公司US/Am. 美国UK/Br. 英国Can. 加拿大AUS. 澳大利亚N.Z. 新西兰NY 纽约Las. 洛杉矶US$ 美元Br ￡英镑Can$ 加元Euro 欧元$A 澳元NZ$ 新西兰元HK$ 香港元RMB 人民币2. 用各种数学符号，如：∴ 所以∵ 因为= 等于或就是，意味着≠ 不等于，不是≈ 大约，大概，左右> 大于，多于，比… 大< 小于，少于，比… 小3. 用译员自己创造的各种形象符号，如：× 不同意，不赞成，错误，不正确√ 同意，赞成，正确→ 从某地到某地，从某时到某时，导致，引起← 过去，回忆，返回，后退，倒退↓ 下降，降低，减少，向下↑ 上升，提高，增加，向上□← 来访，进入，进口，引进外资，来华投资□→ 出访，外出，出口，海外投资☆ 杰出，优秀，最佳，突出，标兵，榜样∽ 交换，交流，交替，互换TOP。
口译段落翻译+词组
中国坚定不移地走和平发展道路，是基于中国国情的必然选择。
1840年鸦片战争以后的100多年里，中国受尽了列强的欺辱。
消除战争，实现和平，建设独立富强、民生幸福的国家，是近代以来中国人民孜孜以求的奋斗目标。
今天的中国虽然取得了巨大的发展成就，但人口多，底子薄，发展不平衡，仍然是世界上最大的发展中国家。
推动经济社会发展，不断改善人民生活始终是中国的中心任务。
坚持走和平发展道路，是中国实现国家富强、人民幸福的必由之路。
中国人民最需要、最珍爱和平的国际环境，愿尽自己所能，为推动各国共同发展作出积极贡献。
It is an inevitable choice based on its national conditions that China persists unswervingly in taking the road of peaceful development. During the 100-odd years following the Opium War in 1840, China suffered humiliation and insult from big powers. And thus, ever since the advent of modern times, it has become the assiduously sought goal of the Chinese people to eliminate war, maintain peace, and build a country of independence and prosperity, and a comfortable and happy life for the people. Although it has made enormous achievements in development, China, with a large population, a weak economic foundation and unbalanced development, is still the largest developing country in the world. It is the central task of China to promote economic and social development while continuously improving its people's life. To stick to the road of peaceful development is the inevitable way for China to attain national prosperity and strength, and its people's happiness. What the Chinese people need and cherish most is a peaceful international environment. They are willing to do their best to make energetic contributions for the common development of all countries.中国实行改革开放政策 29 年来，经济和社会发展取得了举世瞩目的成就。
四级翻译自改革开放40年以来
四级翻译自改革开放40年以来改革开放40年来，中国发生了翻天覆地的变化。
这段时间里，中国经历了经济的快速崛起，社会的巨大转型，和人民生活水平的显著提高。
改革开放政策的实施不仅深刻影响了中国，也对世界产生了深远的影响。
首先，改革开放为中国带来了经济的繁荣。
40年前，中国经济十分落后，人民普遍生活贫困。
然而，改革开放的引入改变了这一切。
中国开始积极吸引外资，建立开放的市场体系，实行市场经济改革。
这些措施促进了经济的高速增长，中国迅速崛起为世界第二大经济体。
人民收入大幅增加，贫困人口显著减少，经济繁荣蔓延至农村地区。
改革开放打开了中国的大门，让中国成为全球经济发展的重要引擎。
其次，改革开放带来了中国社会的巨大转型。
在这个过程中，中国社会结构发生了翻天覆地的变化。
私营企业和个体户的崛起，为中国市场注入了活力。
人民的思想观念也发生了深刻的变化，个人主义开始盛行，人们注重个人权益和自由。
女性的地位也有明显的提高，女性进入职场和政治领域成为常态。
教育和科技迅速发展，人民的知识水平普遍提高。
社会各界的开放和多样性让中国成为一个充满机遇和活力的国家。
最后，改革开放改变了人民的生活水平。
40年前，人民缺乏基本的生活条件，但如今人民的生活水平显著提高。
城市化进程加快，城市居民享有现代化的生活设施和便利。
人民的饮食、医疗和住房条件显著改善，人均预期寿命大幅增长。
文化娱乐业的快速发展和国民收入的增加，使得人们的生活更加丰富多样化。
改革开放让每个人都有了更多的机会和选择，人们的生活变得更加自主、富足和幸福。
改革开放40年，中国走过了一段充满挑战和机遇的道路。
这段时间里，中国充分发挥了奋斗精神和创新能力，取得了巨大的成就。
然而，改革开放的过程依然面临着各种问题和挑战。
中国需继续深化改革开放，推动经济结构调整和创新能力的提升，以实现更加全面、协调、可持续的发展。
我们相信，在中国共产党的领导下，中国未来将继续以更加开放和包容的姿态迈向一个更加繁荣、文明和富强的未来。
英语翻译二级口译实务模拟试题及答案解析(4)
英语翻译二级口译实务模拟试题及答案解析（4）(1/2)Part ⅠInterpret the following passages from English into Chinese. You will hear this signal to tell you when you start interpreting. Now let's begin.第1题下面你将听到一段有关非洲粮食安全问题的讲话。
I am pleased to welcome you to the United Nations for this first meeting of your contact group.Your focus on food security in Africa comes at a crucial time. The latest food crisis on the continent has brought home to us, more than ever before, the urgent need for a strategy to break the pattern of recurrent crises and bring about a Green Revolution in Africa. But achieving this will require radical approaches on multiple fronts.Africa has faced food crises in the past; it has faced deadly diseases; it has struggled to come to terms with governance challenges in states with limited capacity and resources.But rarely has the continent had to face the kind of intersecting challenges we see today. Today, Africa faces a deadly triad of related burdens —food insecurity, HIV/AIDS and an emaciated capacity to govern and provide services.We cannot freed viable solutions to the challenge of food security unless we address the challenges of AIDS and governance at the same time.Food insecurity in Africa has structural causes. Most African farmers farm small plots of land that do not produce enough to meet the needs of their families. The problem is compounded by the farmers´ lack of bargaining power and lack of access to land, finance and technology.This further weakens farmers´ability to withstand the impact of recurrent drought and the growing HIV/AIDS epidemic.Thirty million Africans now live with HIV, and the continent has borne the brunt of more than 20 million AIDS deaths worldwide. In some areas of Africa, more than 40 percent of the population is HIV-positive, and similar proportions are going hungry.The devastating impact of HIV/AIDS on food production —with seven million African farmers already dead -- is only too obvious. Infection rates are rising among African women. The latest figures show that women make up 58 percent of Africans already infected.Because of AIDS, skills and knowledge are dying out rather than being passed from one generation to the next. Both at the household level and the government level, resources are being diverted from food production to health care. In turn, food shortages fuel the disease, through malnutrition, poverty and inequality.Clearly, breaking this destructive cycle poses a huge challenge to governance. It will re- quire strong institutions, improved skills and innovative policies. But in an irony so typical of the age of AIDS, Africa´s ability to govern and to provide services is itself being stretched to breaking point by the disease.This interlocking set of issues facing Africa is far greater than the sum of its parts. Ad- dressing the issue I have raised requires a new, integrated response from both the Governments of Africa and the international community. It requires a shift from short-term approaches to a reassessment of our entire strategy for development — or, taking long-term measures even when addressing short-term emergencies.Ladies and gentlemen,The United Nations family is already joining forces to mount the coordinated effort needed. Ihope you will work across the board with us, and with the Governments of Africa, in developing the range of revolutionary approaches we need to tackle the deadly triad and break the pattern of food crises in Africa.I opened my remarks with a message of despair; let me close with one hope. Yes, this is an unprecedented set of challenges. But your presence here today tells me that we have unprecedented consensus on the need to confront them. Together, we must mobilize the political will to succeed.Thank you very much.下一题(2/2)Part ⅠInterpret the following passages from English into Chinese. You will hear this signal to tell you when you start interpreting. Now let's begin.第2题Ladies and Gentlemen,I am very honoured to have the opportunity to address such a distinguished audience of university presidents, vice-chancellors and accomplished scholars from around the world. I must congratulate theAssociation of University Presidents of China on its achievements since its establishment in 1997. [TONE]∥[TONE]It is the first association of its kind, and it will be a strong force for enhancing academic cooperationbetween Hong Kong and the mainland and between China and the world. I also applaud the Associationfor organising this meaningful event which draws together so many top brains from around the world. Thesynergy it generates will point the way for the development of the global tertiary education sector into thenext century. [TONE]∥[TONE]Today, whilst innovation and technology are the driving force of the world and fuel its engine, it is thepeople that make the engines work. We wish to see in our younger generation an all-round developmentcovering ethics, intellect, physique, social skills and aesthetics. We wish to see in our younger generations theability to assimilate modern technology and ideas. [TONE]∥[TONE]We wish to see in our younger generation creativity, critical thinking and a global outlook. We wishto see in our younger generation a strength of character, a spirit of enterprise, the desire for continuousimprovement and the versatility to cope with the changing needs of our community. And we wish to see inour younger generation a sense of responsibility towards one´s own family, one´s own community, one´s owncountry and indeed the world. [TONE]∥[TONE]In Hong Kong we strongly believe education enables us to cultivate these noble qualities in our nextgeneration. Education also creates and expands the pool of talents to maintain Hong Kong´s economicdevelopment and international competitiveness. That is why education is always one of our top priorities and continues to be the single biggest item of the Government´s budget, accounting for 19% of our total public recurrent expenditure. Despite the economic downturn, public expenditure on education will have about 8%growth in real terms in this fiscal year. [TONE]∥[TONE]Our best universities are among the top ten in the region, and our best students are among the best in theworld. However, the success ofHong Kong lies in our flexibility to respond to changes and our determinationfor improvement. We have to inject new life into the whole education sector. To achieve this, we areundergoing major reforms in our education system, our examination system, our education regulators, ourschools, our teachers and, above all, ourattitude towards education. [TONE]∥[TONE]Education is a continuum. The inputs into the tertiary sector are the outputs from the school sector. Wehope that several years down the road, the tertiary sector is able to reap the benefits from our reforms in thebasic education sector which we are now embarking on. But universities cannot simply wait. They have toensure that their current outputs, that is, their graduates and their research work, meet the aspirations of thecommunity. [TONE]∥[TONE]上一题下一题(1/2)Part ⅡInterpret the following passages from Chinese into English. You will hear this signal to tell you when you start interpreting. Now let's begin.第3题实行改革开放以来，中国进入了发展最快，进步最大、变化最深刻的历史时期。
口译分类词汇
口译分类词汇-—“一国两制” 和祖国统一概述General Terms“港人治港”“Hong Kong people administer Hong Kong 。
”“一国两制" “one country ，two systems”爱国统一战线the patriotic united front反对“台独" oppose the “Independence of Taiwan”反对制造“两个中国",“一中一台”oppose the attempt to create “two Chinas” or “one China,one Taiwan”享有高度自治enjoy a high degree of autonomy海峡两岸关系the relationships between the two sides of the Taiwan Straits恢复对香港行使主权resume the exercise of sovereignty over Hong Kong坚持统一，反对分裂，增加了解，化解歧见persist in reunification，oppose separation , increase understanding and iron out differences决不承诺放弃使用武力never undertake to renounce the use of force两岸直航促进会Association for Promotion of Cross-Straits Direct Transportation三通three direct links of trade ，mail ，and air and shipping services across the Taiwan Straits台湾当局the Taiwan authorities台湾同胞Taiwan compatriots探亲外交family—visit diplomacy ; relative-visiting diplomacy汪辜会谈Wang Daohan—koo Chenfu Talks ; Wang—Koo Talks香港/澳门特别行政区基本法the Basic Law of the Hong Kong / Macao Special Administrative Region一个中国的原则是和平统一的基础The One-China Principle is the foundation and prerequisite for peaceful reunification 祖国和平统一大业the great cause of peaceful reunification of the motherlandharmonious socialist society 社会主义和谐社会sound and fast development 又快又好的发展people’s well—being “民生”to safeguard social fairness and justice 维护社会公平和正义new socialist countryside 社会主义新农村basic living /subsistence allowance system for rural residents 农村最低生活保障制度minimum living/subsistence allowance 最低生活补助new type of rural cooperative medical care system新型农村合作医疗制度methane 沼气corporate/enterprise income tax 企业所得税property law 物权法overheated property sector 房地产市场过热low-rent housing 廉租房county-level cities 县级市to save energy, lower energy consumption and reduce pollutants discharge 节能降耗减排school-age children 适龄儿童tuition assistance 助学金vocational education 职业教育pre—marital medical check—up 婚前医学检查；婚检doctor—patient relationship 医患关系substandard food and medicine 不合标准的食品和药品food and drug safety 食品医药安全tax on agricultural specialty products 农业特产税community hospitals 社区医院community healthcare system 社区医疗保健制度stay—at-home children 留守儿童rural migrant workers 农民工ice-melting/ice-thawing trip “融冰”之旅diversification of foreign exchange reserve 外汇储备多元化vulnerable group/disadvantaged group 弱势群体邓小平理论Deng Xiaoping Theory“三个代表” Thought of Three Represents贯彻科学发展观to implement the Scientific Outlook on Development和谐社会harmonious Society解放思想emancipate the mind改革开放policy of reform and opening-up全面建设小康社会to build a well-off society in an all-round way中国特色社会主义socialism with Chinese—characteristics经济又好又快地发展good and steady economic growth前所未有机遇和挑战unprecedented opportunities and challenges时代新要求和人民群众的新期待requirements of the time and wishes of the people 制定科学的行动纲领和大政方针to make strategic outlines and policies成就举世瞩目 to achieve great success头脑清醒，实事求是realistic and sober—minded清醒认识当今世界和当代中国发展的大势to have a clear view of today’s China and the world工业化、城镇化、市场化、国际化industrialization, urbanization, marketization and internationalization。
英语口译常用词汇和句子
—和平与发展仍然是当今时代的主题Peace and development remain the theme of the world.—经济全球化趋势深入发展Economic globalization is going to greater depth.—以信息科技、生物科技为主要标志的现代科技进步日新月异At an amazing speed, modern science and technology have been making continuous progress that is marked by the advancement of information technology and bio-technology.—国际产业转移和生产要素流动加快 International industrial transfer as well as the flow of production factors has accelerated.—世界发展不平衡问题日益突出The global problem of uneven development is increasingly salient.—南北差距进一步拉大The gap between the North and South is further widening.—金融风暴时有发生Financial turbulences surface from time to time.—贸易壁垒和保护主义有新的表现Trade barriers and protectionism appear with new manifestations.—我们必须加强国际合作，共同把握机遇，携手应对挑战，推动世界经济平衡有序发展We must strengthen international cooperation to seize opportunities and meet challenges together so as to promote balanced and orderly development of the world economy.—充分利用经济全球化带来的有利条件和机遇，促进世界不同发展模式在竞争比较中取长补短、在求同存异中共同发展Make full use of the favorable conditions and precious opportunities brought about by economic globalization to promote complementarity among competing development models and common development in the spirit of seeking common ground while putting aside differences.—不断为世界经济发展注入新的活力，使世界经济充满活力地向前发展Inject new vitality to the world economy so that it will move forward with full dynamism.—营造公平、稳定、高效的金融环境Create a fair, stable, and efficient financial environment.—营造充足、安全、经济、清洁的能源环境Forge an environment for adequate supply and safe, economical and clean use of energy.—营造公开、公正、合理、非歧视的贸易环境Establish an open, fair, reasonable and non-discriminative trading environment.—在互利互惠、取长补短中实现共赢Achieve a win-win result through securing mutual benefits and reciprocity and drawing on one another’s successful experiences.—中国将积极落实这些措施China will make vigorous efforts to ensure the delivery of its commitments.—成员国人口占世界总人口的2/3，国内生产总值占世界国内生产总值的90%以上，对外贸易额占世界贸易额的80%Measured by population size, they account for two thirds of the world total; by GDP, over 90 percent, and by foreign trade, 80 percent.—应该在平等互利、求同存异、灵活务实的基础上开展对话Engage in flexible and pragmatic dialogues on the basis of equality and mutual benefits, seeking common ground while shelving differences.—改革开放27年来Since its reform and opening-up 27 years ago—中国社会主义市场经济体制已经初步建立，全方位对外开放格局已经基本形成China has put in place an initial system of socialist market economy and a basic structure of all-dimensional openness.—人民生活总体上实现了由温饱到小康的历史性跨越Chinese people now have a comfortable life, a historic breakthrough from a period of having only their basic needs met.—中国仍然是世界上最大的发展中国家，人口多、底子薄，发展不平衡，资源环境压力突出，人民生活水平还不高China remains the biggest developing country in the world that features huge population, weak economic basis, uneven development, and heavy environmental pressure and the people’s living standards are still not so high.—中国的现代化建设还有很长的路要走，还需要进行长期的艰苦奋斗Modernization in China remains a long and uphill journey that will entail many years of work.—中国已经确定了全面建设小康社会的发展目标China has set the goal of building a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way.—使经济更加发展、民主更加健全、科教更加进步、文化更加繁荣、社会更加和谐、人民社会更加殷实We will be able to further develop the economy, improve democracy, advance science and education, enrich culture, foster greater social harmony and upgrade the texture of life for the people.—坚持以科学发展观统领经济社会发展全局Continue to pursue economic and social development under the guideline of scientific development.—坚持扩大内需的方针Adhere to the policy of expanding domestic demand.—坚持走科技含量高、经济效益好、资源消耗低、环境污染少、人力资源优势得到充分发挥的新型工业化道路Adhere to blaze a new trail to industrialization featuring high scientific and technological content, good economic returns, low resources consumption, little environmental pollution and a full display of advantages in human resources.—加快调整经济结构Accelerate economic restructuring.—转变经济增长方式Accelerate the transformation of the mode of economic growth.—提高自主创新能力Enhance our own innovative ability.—不断深化改革开放Make further progress in reform and openness.—促进城乡区域协调发展Facilitate a balanced development between rural and urban areas and among different regions.—加强和谐社会建设Concentrate on building a harmonious society.—切实把经济社会发展转入以人为本、全面协调可持续发展的轨道Bring our economic and social development to the track of sustainable development that is people-centered, all-dimensional and balanced.—顺应人民的愿望和时代的潮流as a response to the wishes of the people and the trend of our times—共同促进世界经济平衡有序发展Promote balanced and orderly world economic development.—共同努力建设一个持久和平、共同繁荣的和谐世界Shape a harmonious world featuring enduring peace and common prosperity.— 20世纪，人类创造的物质文明和精神财富，超过了以往任何一个时代In the 20th century, mankind created material and spiritual wealth unmatched by any other time in history.—令人遗憾的是，人类在这100年中也经历了前所未有的苦难，特别是遭受了两次世界大战的浩劫Regrettably, it was also in these 100 years that humanity experienced unprecedented hardships, particularly the havoc of the two world wars.—世界的历史从来是由世界人民创造和书写的It is always the people of the world that make and write world history.—正义总会战胜邪恶，光明总会战胜黑暗，进步总会战胜落后Justice will inevitably prevail over evil, light over darkness and progress over backwardness.—人类必然会不断地克服艰难险阻，向着美好的未来开拓前进Mankind will undoubtedly keep overcoming difficulties and obstacles, blaze new trails and steadily move forward to a better future.—各国人民走过了不同的历史发展道路，有着不同的文化背景、社会制度和价值观念，延续着不同的社会方式People of different countries have traversed different roads of historical development.—不应让这种多样性成为阻碍各国人民携手共进的隔阂，更不应人为地从中挑起对立和冲突They should not allow the diversity to be a barrier to their forward march, still less should they deliberately provoke confrontation and conflict.—时光流逝不可逆转The lapse of time is irreversible.—逝者如斯夫，不舍昼夜The passage of time is just like the flow of water, which goes on day and night.—知难而进Move ahead in defiance of difficulties.—顺应时代的要求和世界发展的潮流Meet the needs of the times and follow the tide of world development.—世界各国经济互利合作、相互依存的加深，必将给全球经济增长创造更加美好的前景The development among countries will usher in an even better future for global economic growth.—中华文明源远流长、博大精深的深厚底蕴the long-standing and profound richness of the Chinese civilization—中华民族自强不息、顽强奋进的壮阔历程the grand course of historical development that the Chinese nation has followed with a dauntless and dashing spirit—19世纪中叶以后，由于列强的野蛮侵略和封建统治的腐败无能，中华民族陷入了丧权辱国、民不聊生的悲惨境地From the mid-19th century on, China was reduced to dire misery as the country suffered one humiliating defeat after another and the people languished in poverty and starvation as a result of brutal foreign aggressions and corrupt and incompetent feudal rulers.—内忧外患a fate of agony and woe arising from domestic disturbances and foreign aggressions—新中国建立以来，特别是1978年实行邓小平先生倡导的改革开放政策以来Since 1949, when the New China was proclaimed, and particularly since the implementation of the reform and opening-up program pioneered by Mr. Deng Xiaoping in 1978.—中国的综合国力显著增强，人民生活不断改善The overall national strength of China has increased remarkably and the life of its people improved steadily.— 13亿中国人民正万众一心地在中国特色社会主义道路上开拓前进The 1.3 billion Chinese people are marching of one mind and with a pioneering spirit on the road of building socialism with Chinese characteristics.—中国已经明确了本世纪头20年的奋斗目标China has set the goal of its endeavor for the first 20 years of this century.—紧紧抓住重要战略机遇期Firmly seize the important strategic opportunities of the time.—全面建设惠及十几亿人口的更高水平的小康社会for the benefits of over 1 billion Chinese people—不断满足人民群众日益增长的物质文化需求Keep meeting their growing material and cultural needs—坚持社会主义市场经济的改革方向Stick to the orientation of carrying out the reform for a socialist market economy.—进一步推动制度创新Step up institutional innovation.—激发全社会的创造活力Intensify reforms aimed at motivating creative vitality of the whole society.—增强经济社会发展的内在动力Increase the inherent dynamics for economic and social development.—着力大力发展循环经济Vigorously develop the cyclic economy.—建设资源节约型、环境友好型社会Build a resource-effective and environment-friendly society.—走生产发展、生活富裕、生态良好的文明发展道路Blaze a trail of development characterized by higher productivity, comfortable life for the people and sustainable eco-system.—继续稳步开放市场Keep opening up its market.—创新引进外资的形式Find new ways of using foreign capital.—完善有关鼓励和保护外商投资的法律法规Improve legislations and regulations for encouraging and protecting foreign investors.—改革涉外经济管理体制Revamp foreign economic management.—更高水平的小康社会a moderately prosperous society of a higher standard—重申我们对恪守联合国宪章宗旨和原则的承诺Renew our commitment to the purposes and principles of the UN Charter.—表达维护世界和平、促进共同发展的决心Express our determination to safeguard world peace and promote common development—联合国的成立，是人类为和平与发展而长期努力的结果The UN was founded as a result of humanity’s persistent efforts to seek peace and development.—体现了世界各国人民彼此以善邻之道和睦相处的崇高精神Embody the lofty spirit of people across the world to live together in peace with one another as good neighbors.—承载了国际社会共同促进经济社会发展的美好理想Carry the ideal of the international community to jointly promote economic and social development.— 60年的实践表明1)…, as its 60 years of history has shown, …2) the past 60 years have shown that…—一件具有划时代意义的大事an epoch-making event—人类和平进步事业的一座重要里程碑an important milestone in humanity’s cause of peace and progress人类社会沧桑巨变，国际舞台风云变幻（名词）Amid stupendous changes around the world and vicissitudes in the international arena—联合国经历种种考验，走过了不平凡的历程The UN has gone through all kinds of tests and traversed an extraordinary course.—地区动荡不断Regional turmoil continues.—局部冲突时有发生Local conflict takes place from time to time.—普遍诉求universal pursuit—尊重国家主权和领土完整Respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity.—尊重各国自主选择社会制度和发展道路的权利Respect for individual countries’ right to independently choose their own social systems and paths of development.—世界发展还很不平衡The benefit of development spread rather unevenly in the world.—贫穷和饥饿仍在不少国家肆虐Poverty and hunger ravage not a few countries.—新的世纪为人类社会发展展现了光明前景The 21st century has opened up a bright prospect for the development of humanity.—局部战争和冲突时起时伏Local wars and conflicts keep cropping up.—地区热点问题错综复杂The hotspot issues in some regions remain complicated and thorny.—南北差距进一步拉大The wealth gap between the North and the South continues to widen.—国际恐怖势力、民族分裂势力、极端宗教势力在一些地区还相当活跃International terrorists, ethnic separatists and religious extremists in some parts of the world remain rampant.—环境污染、毒品走私、跨国犯罪、眼中传染性疾病等跨国性问题日益突出Many cross-boundary problems such as environmental pollution, drug trafficking, transnational crimes and deadly communicable diseases have become more salient.—人类实现普遍和平、共同发展的理想还任重道远Our road toward universal peace and common development is a bumpy and challenging one.—我愿就此发表以下几点意见1) I would like to share with you some of my views in this connection.2) In this connection, I would like to share with you my views.—摒弃冷战思维Abandon the Cold War mentality.—树立互信、互利、平等、协作的新安全观Cultivate a new security concept featuring mutual trust, mutual benefit, equality and cooperation.—建立公平、有效的集体安全机制Build a fair and effective collective security mechanism.—必须得到切实遵循must be complied with in real earnest—以和平方式，通过协商、谈判解决国际争端或冲突Peacefully settle international disputes or conflicts through consultations and negotiations.—反对侵犯别国主权的行径Oppose acts of encroachment on other countries’ sovereignty.—坚持标本兼治，重在消除根源Work to address both the symptoms and root causes of the problem with special emphasis on eliminating the sources of the menace.—按照公正、合理、全面均衡的原则，实现有效裁军和军备控制Realize effective disarmament and arms control in a fair, rational, comprehensive and balanced fashion.—积极推进国际核裁军进程，维护全球战略稳定Vigorously promote the international nuclear disarmament process and maintain global strategic stability.—发展事关各国人民的切身利益Development has a bearing on the vital interest of the people of all countries.—经济全球化应该使各国特别是广大发展中国家普遍受益，而不应造成贫者愈贫、富者愈富的两极分化Globalization should benefit all countries, developing countries in particular, instead of leading to a more polarized world where the poor become poorer and the rich richer.—积极推动建立健全开放、公平、非歧视性的多边贸易体制Work actively to establish and improve a multilateral trading system that is open, fair and non-discriminatory.—积极促进和保障人权Actively promote and protect human rights.—努力普及全民教育Make universal education available.—实现男女平等Achieve gender equality.—使人人享有平等追求全面发展的机会和权利so as to ensure the enjoyment of equal right and opportunity to all-round development by all—历史文化、社会制度和发展模式的差异不应成为各国交流的障碍，更不应该成为相互对抗的理由Differences in history, culture, social system and mode of development should not become barriers to exchanges between countries, let alone excuses for confrontation.—我们应该尊重各国自主选择社会制度和发展道路的权利We should respect every country’s right to independently choose its own social system and path of development.中国要实现现代化，使人民都过上殷实富裕的生活，还有很长的路要走，需要坚持长期不懈的艰苦努力China still has a long way to go before it realizes modernization and delivers a prosperous life to its people. We expect nothing but a long period of persistent hard work.中国的改革开放已经走过了26个年头26 years have gone by since China began its reform and opening up.— 26年来，中国发生了翻天覆地的变化Earthshaking changes have taken place in China.—中国社会面貌焕然一新，人民生活水平不断提高China’s society has taken on a brand-new look, as the living standards of the people keep improving.经济类. 给．．．带来机遇和挑战 present (bring) both opportunities and challenges to2. 给．．．带来积极影响 bring a more positive impact on．．．.3. 给予财政资助 support financially4. 有巨大潜力 have huge potential for5. 开发 / 青睐中国市场 tap / favor the Chinese market6. 申请专利 apply for a patent7. 阻碍．．．的经济发展 handicap (hamper) the economic development8. 增加农业投入 invest more in agriculture9. 有望达到（上升到） be expected to reach (rise to, be up to)10. 造成很大压力 pose a big pressure on11. 占领市场10% occupy (take, account for ) 10 percent of the market12. 缩小．．．间的距离 narrow the gap between13. 加快经济发展和结构调整 speed up economic development and restructuring14. 夺回失去的市场 take back lost market15. 减轻．．．的负担 reduce (lighten) the burden of (on)16. 采取反垄断措施 take anti-monopoly measures to17. 加快努力 speed up efforts to18. 在．．．建立分公司 set up branches in19. 促进改革 promote reform20. 面对可能的压力和竞争 face possible pressure and competition21. 充分利用 make full use of22. 把。
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汉英口译分类词汇（03）--改革开放词汇保险业The insurance industry保证重点支出Ensure funding for priority areas被兼并或挤掉annexed or forced out of business补发拖欠的养老金 Clear up pension payments in arrears不良贷款 Non—performing loan层层转包和违法分保 Multi-level contracting and illegal subcontracting 产值output value城乡信用社Credit Cooperative in both urban and rural areas城镇居民最低生活保障 A minimum standard of living for city residents城镇职工医疗保险制度 The system of medical insurance for urban workers抽样调查data from the sample survey出口信贷Export credit初步建立社会主义计划商品经济新体制。
to establish at a preliminary level a new system of socialist planned commodity economy.贷款质量Loan quality贷款质量五级分类办法 Thefive-category assets classification for bank loans第二产业secondary industry第三产业tertiary industry第一产业primary industry独资企业wholly foreignowned/funded enterprise发电量electric energy production发挥市场的调节作用to give play to the regulatory role of the market发展过快excessive growth防范和化解金融风险 Take precautions against and reduce financial risks防洪工程 Flood-prevention project非法外汇交易Illegal foreign exchange transaction非公有成分non-public sectors非贸易收汇 Foreign exchange earnings through non trade channels非银行金融机构 Non-bank financial institutions费改税Transform administrative fees into taxes分配形式forms of distribution风险资金risk funds副业sideline production改革是"社会主义制度的自我完善和自我发展"。
Reform is "theself-perfection and self-development of the socialist system."改革重点转移到城市the focus of reform is shifted to the cities改善经济环境improve economic environment搞活企业invigorate/ revitalize/ rejuvenate enterprises各尽所能，按劳/需分配。
from each according to his ability, to each according to his work/needs.跟踪审计 Follow-up auditing工程监理制度The monitoring system for projects公有制public ownership鼓励give incentive to管理不善poor management国际收支international balance of payments国家保障国有经济的巩固和发展。
The state ensures the consolidation and growthof the state economy.国家的根本任务是，集中力量进行社会主义现代化建设The basic task of the nation is to concentrate its efforts on socialist modernization.国民生产总值GNP (Gross National Product)国内生产总值GDP (Gross Domestic Product)国有经济，即社会主义全民所有制经济，是国民经济中的主导力量。
The state economy is the sector of socialist economy under ownership by the whole people; it is the leading force in the national economy.国有资产安全The safety ofstate-owned assets过度开垦Excess reclamation合同管理制度The contract system for governing projects合资企业joint venture合作企业cooperative enterprise和平演变peaceful evolution宏观控制exercise macro-control机电产品Electromechanical products积极的财政政策Pro-active fiscal policy基本生活费Basic allowances基石cornerstone计划经济和市场调节相结合的机制 a mechanism that combines planned economy and market regulation家庭联产责任承包制family-contract responsibility system 结售汇制度The system of exchange settlement and sales解除劳动关系Sever labor relations 解放生产力liberate/unshackle/release the productive forces金融监管责任制The responsibility system for financial supervision经济安全Economic security经济和法律的杠杆economic and legal leverages经济计划和市场调节相结合to combine economic planning with market regulation经济结构改革。
reform in economic structure经营机制operative mechanism精华、精粹、实质quintessence举措move靠扩大财政赤字搞建设 To increase the deficit to spend more on development扣除物价上涨部分price increase are deducted (excluded)扩大国内需求The expansion of domestic demand拉动经济增长 Fuel economic growth厉行节约，反对浪费to practice strict economy and combat waste粮食仓库Grain depot粮食收储企业Grain Collection and storage enterprise粮食收购资金实行封闭运行Closed operation of grain purchase funds粮食销售市场Grain sales market劣质工程 Shoddy engineering林业forestry零售retail流通制度circulation system乱收费、乱摊派、乱罚款 Arbitrary charges, fund-raising, quotas and fines 农业farming骗汇、逃汇、套汇Obtain foreign currency under false pretenses, not turn over foreign currency owed to the government and illegal arbitrage取消国家对农产品的统购统销to cancel the state's monopoly on the purchase and marketing of agricultural products全民所有制ownership by the entire/whole people全体会议plenary session人均国民生产总值per capita GNP人均收入per capita income融资渠道Financing channels善于接受的receptive商品经济commodity economy商业信贷原则The principles for commercial credit社会保险机构Social security institution社会主义的最终目标是解放生产力，消灭剥削，消除贫富两极分化，最终达到共同富裕。
The main goals of socialism are the liberation and development of productive forces, the elimination of exploitation and polarization between the rich and the poor and the final achievement of common prosperity.社会主义集体所有制socialist collective ownership社会主义经济制度的基础是生产资料的社会主义公有制，即全民所有制和劳动群众集体所有制。
The basis of the socialist economic system is socialist public ownership of the means of production, namely, ownership by the whole people and collective ownership by the working people.生产关系relations of production生产力productive forces生产资料means of production生活资料means oflivelihood/subsistence剩余劳动力。