12被动语态

(一) 语 态 分 类
英语动词有两种语态，主动语态和被动语态。主动语 态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的 承受者。如： They will build a new bridge over the river. (主动) A new bridge will be built over the river. (被动) 汉语中常用“被”、“给”、“由”、“受”等词用 来表示被动，而英语用：助动词be + 及物动词的过去分 词构成。
2. 含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时，可分别将其中的一个宾语变
为主语，另一个不动，一般变间接宾语为主语时比较多。 My uncle gave me a present on my birthday. I was given a present on my birthday. 保留宾语 如果把直接宾语(指物)改为主语，则在间接宾语(指人)前加适 当的介词，如上句还可以说：
5. 现在进行时： The radio is broadcasting English lessons. English lessons are being broadcast on the radio. We are painting the rooms. The rooms are being painted. 6. 过去进行时： — Why didn't they drive there on time? — Because the workers were mending the road. Because the road was being mended. This time last year we were planting trees here. Trees were being planted here this time last year. 7. 现在完成时： Someone has told me the sports meet might be put off. I have been told the sports meet might be put off. We have brought down the price. The price has been brought down.
We are not allowed to enter the chemistry lab without a
teacher. 2. 一般过去时：
They agreed on the building of a new car factory last month.
The building of a new car factory was agreed on last month. The students didn't forget his lessons easily. His lessons were not easily forgotten.
(一)语态转换时要注意的问题
1. 把主动语态变为被动语态时，其谓语动词的时态要与原句时态 保持一致，其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致。 We have bought a new computer. A new computer has been bought. (正确) A new computer have been bought. (错误)
3. 由动词+ 介词或副词构成的短语动词，要把它们作为整体看，即 把它们看成一个及物动词，介词或副词不可拆开或漏掉这类动词有 laugh at, operate on, look after, make fun of, make use of
take care of,, carry out,, give up, hand in, point out, put away,
Practice
(1) The police found that the house _________. A. has broken into; has been stolen B. had broken into ; had been stolen C. has been broken into; stolen ____and a lot of things
10: 动词不定式的被动语态 1. be to do---- be to be done 2. be going to do---be going to be done 3. Be about to do---be about to be done Eg: He is to read a novel A novel is to be read by him They are going to hold a meeting tomorrow. A meeting is going to be held tomorrow. They are about to shoot the murderer. The murderdr is about to be shot by them.
被动语态常用的八种时态
1. 一般现在时：
People grow rice in the south of the country. Rice is grown in the south of the country. The school doesn't allow us to enter the chemistry lab without a teacher.
8. 过去完成时： When I got to the theatre, I found they had already sold out the tickets. When I got to the theatre, I found the tickets had already been sold out. The whole country was very sad at the news of his death; People had considered him to be a great leader. He had been considered to be a great leader. 9. 含有情态动词的被动语态： 含有情态动词的被动语态是由“情态动词+ be+ 及物动词的过 去分词”构成。 You must hand in your compositions after class. Your compositions must be handed in after class. He can write a great many letters with the computer. A great many letters can be written with the computer by him.
A present was given to me yesterday.
注意：一般在下列动词后，常在间接宾语前用介词 to，如：
bring, give, lend, offer, pass, promise, sell, show, teach, tell 等。 The cup with mixture was showed to the class. My bike was lent to her. 一般在下列动词后，间接宾语前用介词 for, 如： buy, cook, choose, fetch, get, ,make, order, 等。 Mother made me a new skirt. (A new skirt was made for me. ) The meat was cooked for us.
D
D. had been broken into; stolen (2) If city noises ______ from increasing, people ______ A shout to be heard even at the dinner table 20 years from now. A. are not kept; will have to B. are not kept; have to C. do not keep ; will have to D. do not keep ; have to
put off, turn down, work out, talk about等。 The patient is being operated on. The problem is solved. It needn't be talked about. His request was turned down.
a,动词+宾语+adj We always keep the classroom clean. →The classroom is always kept clean. b,动词+宾语+ n They chose Tom captain. → Tom was chosen captain c.动词+宾语+ to do She told us to follow her instructions. →We were told to follow her instructions. d,动词+宾语+doing I found him lying on the floor →he was found lying on the floor e,动词+宾语+done we found all our seats occupied. →all our seats were found occupied. 注意：在see, watch, hear, notice, listen to, look at, make, feel 等动词后作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带 to，但改成被动语态后 都带to， We often hear him play the guitar. →He is often heard to play the guitar. His mother makes him clean the room every day. →He is made to clean the room every day.