Study on CaO decomposing bastnaesite in assistant of NaCl-CaCl2
Study_on_the_pharmacological_activities_and_chemic
ReviewStudy on the pharmacological activities and chemicalstructures of Viburnum dilatatumZhiheng Gao, Yufei Xi, Man Wang, Xiaoxiao Huang*, Shaojiang Song*Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research &Development, Liaoning Province, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, ShenyangPharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, ChinaAbstractViburnum dilatatum (jiami in Chinese), belonging to the Caprifollaceae family, is widely distributed in Japan and China. Phytochemical investigations of Viburnum dilatatum (V. dilatatum) have resulted in the isolation of triterpenoids, phenolic glycosides essential oil, norisoprenoids, etc. Research results have shown that the chemical constituents of V. dilatatum possess various pharmacological activities, including antihyperglycemic, antioxidant activity and antiulcer effects. This study reviewed the chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of V. dilatatum to provide practical and useful information for further research and development of this plant.Keywords: Viburnum dilatatum; pharmacological activity; chemical structures1 IntroductionViburnum dilatatum (called jiami in Chinese, gamazumi in Japanese and snowball tree in English), beloinging to family Caprifoliaceae, is a deciduous low tree distributed widely in the hills of northern China and Japan [1]. There are many types of chemical constituents in Viburnum dilatatum (V. dilatatum), including triterpenoids, * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. Address:School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Rd., Shenyang 110016, China; Tel.: +86-24-43520793 (Xiaoxiao Huang); +86-24-43520707 (ShaojiangSong);E-mail:*******************(XiaoxiaoHuang); ****************(ShaojiangSong).Received: 2021-04-16 Accepted: 2022-08-28phenolic glycosides and norisoprenoids [2-4]. The leaves have been utilized as a traditional Chinese medicine, and phenolic compounds have been reported as the main active chemical component of the leaves. Many researchers have analyzed the functions of these medicinal components and found that these components have good antioxidant antihyperglycemic and antiulcer effects. For example, the gamazumi crude extract obtained from the squeezed juice of the fruit prevented oxidative injury in rats [5]. This review described the chemical structures and pharmacological activities of V. dilatatum, so as to help readers understand comprehensively the research progress of V. dilatatum and provide help for the development of V. dilatatum.2 Chemical constituents and structuresPrevious reports have indicated that the main chemical constituents of V. dilatatum are phenolic glycosides and triterpenoids.2.1 Phenolic glycosidesThirteen phenolic glycosides were isolated and identified from V. dilatatum by extensive spectroscopic methods, namely p -hydroxyphenyl-6-O -trans-caffeoyl-β-D -glucoside (1) [6], p -hydroxyphenyl-6-O -trans-caffeoyl-β-D -alloside (2) [6], 4-allyl-2-methoxyphenyl-6-O -β-D -apiosyl(1→6)-β-D -glucoside (3) [6], 1-(4’-hydroxy-3’-methoxypheny1)-2-[2’’-hydroxy-4’’-(3’’’-hydroxypropyl)]-1,3-propanediol-l-O -β-D -glucopyranoside (erythro isomer) (4-7) [7], neochlorogenic acid methyl ester (8-9) [7], cryptochlorogenic acid methyl ester (10-11) [7], cyanidin-3-sambubioside (Cy-3-sam) (12) [8], cyanidin-3-glucoside (Cy-3-glc) (13) [8], 5-O -caffeoyl-4-methoxyl quinic acid (4-MeO-5-CQA) (14) [8], chlorogenic acid (5-CQA) (15) [8], quercetin (16) [8], 2-(glucopyranosyloxy)-benzyl-3-(glucopyranosyloxy)-benzoate (17) [9] and jiamizioside E (18) [10]. These structures are shown in Fig. 1.Fig. 1 Phenolic glycosides isolated from V . dilatatumContinued fig. 12.2 TriterpenoidsThere were about seventeen triterpenoids isolated and characterized from V. dilatatum , such as viburnols A (19) [11], viburnols B (20) [11], viburnols C (21) [11], viburnols D (22) [11], viburnols E (23) [11], viburnols F (24) [12], viburnols G (25) [12], viburnols H (26) [12], viburnols I (27) [12], viburnols J (28) [12],viburnols K (29) [12], viburnudienone B 2methyl ester (30) [13], viburnenone H 2 (31) [13],v i b u r n e n o n e B 2 m e t h y l e s t e r (32) [13], viburnudienone B 1 methyl ester (33) [13], viburnenone H 1 (34) [13], and viburnenone B 2 methyl ester (35) [13]. The structures are shown in Fig. 2.Continued fig. 23 Pharmacological activities3.1 Antioxidant activityOxidative stress caused by free radicals and their derivatives leads to disturbances in redox homeostasis. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are not only endogenously produced during intracellular metabolic processes but also generated by exogenous stimuli such as UV radiation, pollutants, smoke and drugs. The cell triggers its defense systems or undergoes apoptosis when intracellular oxidative status increases. It influences numerous cellular processes including core signaling pathways, which are associated with development of systematic and chronic disorders, such as aging and cancer. Therefore, it is critical to remove cellular oxidants and restore redox balance.solution of V. dilatatum (GSS) had strong antioxidant activity in vivo and prevent stress-induced oxidative damage by the XYZ-dish method and the澳electron spin resonance (ESR) method [14]. The experimental result showed that the concentrations of lipid peroxide in plasma, liver and stomach in the GSS group were reduced. Furthermore, the activities of plasma lactic dehydrogenase, amylase and creatine phosphokinase are ordinarily increased by stress. However, these activities in the GSS group decreased to that in the control group. It was concluded that gastric ulcer formation, increase of lipid peroxidation in plasma and tissues and elevation of plasma enzymatic activities were confirmed in rats with water immersion restraint stress. It was also found that intake of GSS could protect the stomach and other tissues from oxidative damage.Kim et al. identified and isolated two major anthocyanins by NMR and LC-ESI-MS/MS, namely, cyanidin 3-sambubioside (I) and kuromanin (II) [15]. By the electron spin resonance method, the superoxide anion radical scavenging activities of I and II were evaluated with the IC 50 values of 17.3 and 69.6 µM, and their activities on hydroxyl radicals were evaluated with the IC 50 values of 4.3 and 53.2 mM. As the positive control, the IC 50 values of ascorbic acid were 74.2 µM on superoxide anion radicals and 3.0 mM on hydroxyl radicals, respectively. The above results suggested that these anthocyanins with radical scavenging properties might be the key compounds contributing to the antioxidant activity and physiological effects of V . dilatatum fruits.Woo et al. determined the free radical scavenging capacity of VD (the leaves of V. dilatatum ) [16]. Anti-oxidant activity of the extracts was assessed by the ability to scavenge 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) or 3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) radicals. Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), a synthetic antioxidant, or α-tocopherol, was used as the positive control in these assays. The experimental result showed that VD inducedincrease in radical scavenging activity. In addition, lipid peroxidation inhibitory activity was determined via measurement of MDA (Malondialdehyde) levels using mouse liver tissue homogenate treated with various concentrations of the extracts. The concentration-dependent decrease in MDA levels observed was consistent with radical scavenging activities of the extracts. To examine whether VD extracts could protect mam-malian cells from oxidative stress, cultures of a human mammary gland-derived epithelial cell line MCF-7 were treated with each extract prior to challenging them with tBHP. The intracellular ROS (Reactive oxygen species) production was determined with the relative intensity of dichlorofluorescein fluorescence. While intracellular ROS formation was significantly promoted by tBHP treatment, the augmented ROS level was significantly reduced after the treatment with VD extracts.3.2 Antihyperglycemic effectIwai et al. used an oral glucose tolerance test on the diabetic rats [17]. They found that the elevation of plasma glucose level after oral administration of 2 g/kg glucose was suppressed by the repeated administration of the freeze-dried powder of V. dilatatum fruit juice (CEV). The α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of isolated compounds from CEV were also measured. Cyanidin 3-sambubioside and 5-caffeoyl quinic acid A showed inhibitory activity. These results suggested that V. dilatatum fruit had the antihyperglycemic effects.4 ConclusionV. dilatatum is distributed widely in the hills of northern China and Japan. Currently, the studies on V. dilatatum have been conducted at home and abroad, but few studies focus on its chemical components and pharmacological activities. Previousphytochemical investigations showed that the constituents of V. dilatatum included triterpenoids, phenolic glycosides, norisoprenoids and other compounds. This study describes thirteen phenolic glycosides and seventeen triterpenoids and their different degrees of antihyperglycemic, antioxidant activity and antiulcer effects, aiming to provide a reference for further studies on V. dilatatum and pharmaceutical development.References[1] Jeffrey B, Harborne A. Colour atlas of medicinal plantsof Japan. Phytochemistry, 1981, 20: 1467.[2] Miyazawa M, Hashidume S, Takahashi T, et al. Aromaevaluation of gamazumi (Viburnum dilatatum) by aroma extract dilution analysis and odour activity value.Phytochem Anal, 2012, 23: 208-213.[3] Kurihara T, Kikuchi M. Studies on the constituentsof flowers. IV. On the components of the flower of Viburnum dilatatum Thunb. J Health Sci, 1975, 95: 1098-1102.[4] Machida K, Kikuchi M. Norisoprenoids from Viburnumdilatatum. Phytochemistry, 1996, 41: 1333-1336. [5] Iwai K, Onodera A, Matsue H. Mechanism of preventiveaction of Viburnum dilatatum Thunb (gamazumi) crude extract on oxidative damage in rats subjected to stress. J Sci Food Agric, 2010, 83: 1593-1599.[6] Machida K, Nakano Y, Kikuchi M. Phenolic glycosidesfrom Viburnum dilatatum. Phytochemistry, 1991, 30: 2013-2014.[7] Machida K, Kikuchi M. Phenolic compounds fromViburnum dilatatum. Phytochemistry, 1992, 31: 3654-3656.[8] Kim MY, Iwai K, Matsue H. Phenolic compositions ofViburnum dilatatum Thunb. fruits and their antiradical properties. J Food Compos Anal, 2005, 18: 789-802. [9] Lu D, Yao S. Phenolic glycoside from the roots ofViburnum dilatatum. Nat Prod Commun, 2009, 4: 945-946.[10] Wu B, Zeng X, Zhang Y. New metabolite fromViburnum dilatatum. Nat Prod Commun, 2010, 5: 1097-1098.[11] Machida K, Kikuchi M. Viburnols: Novel triterpenoidswith a rearranged dammarane skeleton from Viburnum dilatatum. Tetrahedron Lett, 1996, 37: 4157-4160. [12] Machida K, Kikuchi M. Viburnols: Six noveltriterpenoids from Viburnum dilatatum. Tetrahedron Lett, 1997, 38: 571-574.[13] Machida K, Kikuchi M. Studies on the Constituents ofViburnum Species. XIX. Six New Triterpenoids from Viburnum dilatatum Thunb. Chem Pharm Bull, 1999, 47: 692-694.[14] Iwai K, Onodera A, Matsue H, et al. Antioxidant activityand inhibitory effect of Gamazumi (Viburnum dilatatum THUNB.) on oxidative damage induced by water immersion restraint stress in rats. Int J. Food Sci Nutr, 2001, 52: 443-451.[15] Kim MY, Iwai K, Onodera A, et al. Identification andAntiradical Properties of Anthocyanins in Fruits of Viburnum dilatatum Thunb. J Agric Food Chem, 2003, 51: 6173-6177.[16] Woo YJ, Lee HJ, Jeong YS, et al. Antioxidant Potentialof Selected Korean Edible Plant Extracts. Bio Med Res Int, 2017, 2017: 1-9.[17] Iwai K, Kim MY, Akio O, et al. Alpha-glucosidaseinhibitory and antihyperglycemic effects of polyphenols in the fruit of Viburnum dilatatum Thunb. J Agric Food Chem, 2006, 54: 4588-4592.。
用英语介绍甘草的特征和功能作文
用英语介绍甘草的特征和功能作文The Unique Characteristics and Versatile Functions of Licorice Root.Licorice root, scientifically known as Glycyrrhiza glabra, is a remarkable botanical species that has been prized for its diverse medicinal and culinary uses for centuries. Native to southern Europe and Asia, this perennial legume has found its way into the hearts and households of cultures across the globe, thanks to its unique flavor and array of therapeutic benefits.Distinctive Characteristics.Licorice root is recognized by its distinctive sweet and slightly licorice-like flavor, which is due to the presence of glycyrrhizin, a naturally occurring sweetener that is several times sweeter than sugar. This compound gives licorice root its characteristic taste and also contributes to its medicinal properties. The root istypically harvested in the fall, when it is at its peak of flavor and nutritional value.Visually, licorice root appears as a long, thick taproot with a brown to grayish-brown exterior. Internally, the root is a pale yellow color, and it is often sold in dried form, either whole or sliced, in pharmacies and markets. When used in cooking, licorice root is typically peeled and grated or chopped into smaller pieces to release its flavor.Versatile Functions.Licorice root has been used in traditional medicine systems for its ability to soothe and heal a wide range of conditions. Here are some of the ways this remarkable root has found applications throughout history:1. Respiratory Ailments: Licorice root has been traditionally used to treat various respiratory conditions, including coughs, bronchitis, and sore throats. Its expectorant properties help to loosen mucus and easecongestion, while its anti-inflammatory effects can help reduce irritation in the respiratory tract.2. Digestive Health: Licorice root is also beneficial for digestive health. It can relieve symptoms of indigestion, heartburn, and stomach ulcers. The root's ability to increase mucus production in the stomach lining helps protect against acid damage, while its anti-inflammatory properties can ease discomfort and inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract.3. Skin Care: Licorice root has long been used in traditional skin care recipes due to its soothing and anti-inflammatory effects on the skin. It can help reduce redness, irritation, and inflammation caused by conditions like eczema, rosacea, and acne. The root's antioxidant properties can also help protect skin cells from damage caused by environmental factors like pollution and UV radiation.4. Anti-inflammatory Agent: Licorice root contains compounds that have powerful anti-inflammatory properties.These compounds can help reduce inflammation in the body, which is a key factor in many chronic diseases, including heart disease, diabetes, and arthritis. By reducing inflammation, licorice root can help alleviate pain and discomfort associated with these conditions.5. Supportive Therapy for Chronic Diseases: Licorice root has also been studied for its potential benefits in supporting the treatment of chronic diseases such as cancer and HIV/AIDS. Some research suggests that the compounds in licorice root may have anti-cancer and antiviral properties that could complement traditional therapies in these conditions. However, further research is needed to confirm these findings.Culinary Applications.In addition to its medicinal uses, licorice root also finds its way into many culinary dishes around the world. Its unique sweet flavor pairs well with a variety of ingredients, making it a popular ingredient in desserts, candies, and beverages. In China, licorice root is oftenused in traditional teas and desserts to add a subtle sweetness and complex flavor profile. In Japan, it is a key ingredient in the popular licorice candy known as "anigo". In the Middle East, licorice root is used to flavor sweet pastries and desserts.Conclusion.Licorice root is a remarkable botanical species that offers a wealth of benefits for both health and cuisine.Its unique flavor and array of therapeutic properties have made it a staple in traditional medicine systems for centuries. Today, we are still discovering new ways to harness the power of licorice root for our own health and enjoyment. Whether you're looking to soothe a sore throat, ease indigestion, or simply add a unique sweet flavor to your desserts, licorice root is a versatile and effective tool that deserves a place in every household.。
中药化学英语
中药化学英语English:Chinese herbal medicine chemistry is the study of the chemical constituents of natural substances used in traditional Chinese medicine. These chemical compounds can come from a variety of sources, including plant roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits, and minerals. The study of the chemical composition of these substances is important for understanding their therapeutic properties and potential interactions with other medications. Through advanced analytical techniques such as chromatography, spectrophotometry, and mass spectrometry, scientists are able to identify and quantify the active compounds in Chinese herbal medicines. This knowledge is invaluable in ensuring the safety, quality, and consistency of herbal medicine preparations, as well as providing insight into the biological mechanisms underlying their medicinal effects.中文翻译:中药化学是研究中草药化学成分的学科，这些成分是传统中药的组成部分。
中国玉米秸秆草谷比及其资源时空分布特征
第36卷第21期农业工程学报V ol.36 No.212020年11月Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Nov. 2020 227 中国玉米秸秆草谷比及其资源时空分布特征霍丽丽1，赵立欣1，姚宗路1※，贾吉秀1，赵亚男1，傅国浩1，丛宏斌2（1.中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所，北京100081；2. 农业农村部规划设计研究院农村能源与环保研究所，北京100125）摘要：针对玉米秸秆资源量及时空区域分布不清等问题，该研究分析9个典型省的玉米秸秆草谷比差异性，并基于草谷比实测值，评价近10a中国玉米秸秆资源量的时空变化情况，预测玉米秸秆的资源潜力。
研究结果表明，玉米秸秆草谷比实测值为（0.84±0.23），不同地区、不同品种草谷比差异显著，随着年份变化，玉米品种和种植方式在不断变化，草谷比逐年变小，从2009年1.2减小到2018年的0.84，估算2018年全国玉米秸秆理论资源量为2.16×108t，比2009年仅增加3.9%。
玉米秸秆东北和华北地区资源量最高，占50%以上，与2009年相比，东北、华北、西北地区资源量有所增加，华东、华中、西南、华南略有下降；单位面积玉米秸秆可收集资源量4.51 t/hm2，比2009年增加23%，东北地区最高，其次华北、华东和西北地区，然后是华中和西南地区，华南地区最低。
预测2025年玉米秸秆的理论资源量为(2.53±0.58)×108t，可收集资源量为(1.86±0.51)×108t。
研究为全国各个地区的秸秆合理规划利用提供基本参考数据。
关键词：秸秆；资源评价；谷物；草谷比；理论资源量；可收集资源量；时空变化doi：10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.21.027中图分类号：TK6 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1002-6819(2020)-21-0227-08霍丽丽，赵立欣，姚宗路，等. 中国玉米秸秆草谷比及其资源时空分布特征[J]. 农业工程学报，2020，36(21)：227-234. doi：10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.21.027 Huo Lili, Zhao Lixin, Yao Zonglu, et al. Difference of the ratio of maize stovers to grain and spatiotemporal variation characteristics of maize stovers in China[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE), 2020, 36(21): 227-234. (in Chinese with English abstract) doi：10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.21.027 0 引 言中国秸秆资源丰富，尤其是玉米秸秆分布范围广，资源量约占总秸秆资源量的1/3[1]，2018年，全国玉米种植面积为42.1×106hm2，是2006年的1.5倍，而玉米产量为2.57×108 t，是2006年的1.7倍[2]，玉米秸秆资源量随着种植面积和玉米产量增加而逐年增加，但秸秆资源量的统计值差异较大[3]，难以为秸秆综合利用的区划提供相对准确的数据支撑[4-5]。
鼠尾草酸在帕金森病中的神经保护作用机制研究进展
◇综述与讲座◇摘要鼠尾草酸（CA ）是一种存在于迷迭香中的天然酚类二萜化合物，其特征为邻二氢醌型分子。
研究表明，鼠尾草酸在体外和体内对帕金森病（PD ）有很强的神经保护作用。
本文综述了鼠尾草酸在帕金森病中的神经保护作用，并对鼠尾草酸发挥神经保护作用的分子机制进行了总结。
本综述表明鼠尾草酸是治疗帕金森病的潜在药物。
关键词鼠尾草酸；迷迭香；帕金森病；神经保护中图分类号：R741.05文献标志码：A文章编号：1009-2501(2023)09-1073-08doi ：10.12092/j.issn.1009-2501.2023.09.015鼠尾草酸（carnosic acid ，CA ）为植物迷迭香中提取，具有多种药理学活性［1-3］。
最近研究显示，鼠尾草酸具有神经保护活性，在神经退行性疾病，如在帕金森病（Parkinson's disease ，PD ）中的神经保护作用取得了一定进展，本文对鼠尾草酸在帕金森病中的神经保护作用及其机制进行了综述，对其在动物中的药代动力学进行了归纳，同时总结其临床应用、本身局限性和将来的应用趋势。
1鼠尾草酸的来源和药理学特性鼠尾草酸是存在于植物中的一类酚酸类化合物，是一种优质高效的天然油溶性抗氧化剂。
分子式为C 20H 28O 4相对分子质量为332.43。
鼠尾草酸结构见图1所示。
鼠尾草酸是属于萜类化合物家族的一种多酚化合物，为天然苯二醇枞烷二萜（natural benzenediol abietane diterpene ）。
主要见于可食用植物鼠尾草（Salvia officinalis L .）和迷迭香（Rosmarius officinalis L .），尤其是叶子、萼片和花瓣［4］。
它可以穿透血脑屏障并在哺乳动物脑组织中堆积［5］，在小鼠口服3mg 鼠尾草酸1h 后组织达到4.8µmol/kg 的水平，在3h 后达到2.4µmol/kg 水平。
茶多酚拮抗冈田酸诱导皮层神经元损伤的作用观察
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本草纲目中对滑石的记载
本草纲目中对滑石的记载英文回答：Talc is a mineral composed of hydrated magnesiumsilicate (Mg3Si4O10(OH)2). It is the softest mineral known, with a Mohs hardness of 1. Talc is white or light green in color and has a greasy feel. It is used as a lubricant, a dusting powder, and an ingredient in cosmetics, ceramics, and other products.The Chinese herbal classic Bencao Gangmu, written by Li Shizhen in the 16th century, includes a description of talc. Li Shizhen wrote that talc is "smooth and slippery, and can be used to treat skin diseases and digestive problems." He also noted that talc is "non-toxic and can be used safelyfor both internal and external applications."In traditional Chinese medicine, talc is used to treata variety of conditions, including:Skin diseases, such as eczema and psoriasis.Digestive problems, such as diarrhea and constipation.Genitourinary problems, such as urinary tract infections and vaginitis.Respiratory problems, such as asthma and bronchitis. Eye problems, such as conjunctivitis and blepharitis.Talc is also used in traditional Chinese medicine as a tonic and a rejuvenator. It is believed to help strengthen the body and improve overall health.中文回答：李时珍在《本草纲目》中对滑石的记载：滑石。
大学生多巴胺方法风格英文作文
大学生多巴胺方法风格英文作文In the world of college essays, the dopamine Style has emerged as a revolutionary approach that ignites thewriter's creativity and engagement. This unique style leverages the power of dopamine, a neurotransmitter responsible for the feeling of pleasure and reward, tocraft essays that are not just academically rigorous butalso magnetically engaging.The Dopamine Style focuses on evoking a sense of excitement and anticipation in the reader. It achieves this by incorporating elements of surprise, curiosity, and novelty. Instead of following a traditional, linear narrative, the Dopamine Style employs a more dynamic structure, jumping from one idea to another, creating a sense of discovery for the reader.One of the key features of the Dopamine Style is theuse of storytelling. By framing ideas and arguments within engaging narratives, the writer can capture the reader's attention and draw them into the essay. These stories are often personal, drawing on the writer's own experiences and observations, making the essay more relatable and impactful.Another crucial aspect of the Dopamine Style is the integration of multimedia elements. Images, videos, quotes, and other visual aids are seamlessly integrated into the essay, creating a rich and immersive reading experience. These elements not only break up the text, making it more visually appealing, but also add depth and credibility to the writer's arguments.The Dopamine Style also emphasizes the importance of revision and refinement. Unlike traditional essay writing, where the focus is often on adhering to strict guidelines and formats, the Dopamine Style encourages writers to experiment and iterate. It is a continuous process of refining ideas, experimenting with different structures, and incorporating feedback to create a more engaging and impactful essay.In conclusion, the Dopamine Style of college essays represents a new frontier in academic writing. It leverages the power of Dopamine to create essays that are not just academically rigorous but also magnetically engaging. By incorporating elements of surprise, curiosity, and novelty,this style transforms the writing process into a creative and rewarding experience for both the writer and the reader. **大学生多巴胺方法风格英文作文的魅力**在大学生英文作文的领域中，多巴胺方法风格正成为一种革命性的写作方式，能够激发作者的创造力和参与度。
不能只注重结果还要注重过程的英语作文素材
不能只注重结果还要注重过程的英语作文素材全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1The Never-Ending Journey: Why Focusing Solely on Results is a Dead EndAs a student, I can't even begin to count the number of times I've been told that results are what matter most. Get good grades, ace those exams, secure a spot at a top university - these are the metrics by which society often judges our worth and capability. But increasingly, I've come to realize that buying fully into this results-obsessed mindset is misguided and superficial. True growth, true learning, lies not just in the destination, but in the journey itself.Let me illustrate this with a personal example from my own life. Like many of my peers, I spent years ruthlessly pursuing perfect grades and test scores. My daily routine was an endless grind of study, practice tests, tutoring sessions and an unhealthy amount of sacrificed sleep and social time. All for the sake of those coveted 4.0s and 800s that were supposed to be my golden ticket to success.And you know what? I got them. I reached the promised land of stellar results. But at what cost? I was left feeling hollow, burnt out, my passion for learning extinguished. The subjects I once loved had been drained of joy, becoming mere boxes to check off rather than fields of knowledge to explore. Worst of all, my habit of hyperfocusing on outcomes made me a master crammer and test strategizer, but a very poor long-term learner and critical thinker.It took me a long time and a lot of retrospection to realize just how toxic and counterproductive this single-minded results chasing had become. I had trained myself to view learning as a means to an end, rather than a rewarding process in itself. To treat subjects as obstacles to overcome, not worlds to discover and question. My education had become transactional - study to get good grades, get good grades to get into university, get into university to...well, get a job I supposed.But where was the space for curiosity, for intellectual growth unshackled from extrinsic goals? Where was the joy of learning for learning's sake, of untangling complex concepts through trial, error and discussion? Of passionately debating ideas with professors and classmates? Tragically, these vital elements hadbeen lost in the rush to accumulate more and more "objective" successes.It was a painful realization, but a catalyzing one. I committed myself to breaking out of this vicious cycle, to rediscovering the thrill of knowledge and shaking off the burden of defining my entire self-worth through scores and rankings. I started reading deeply about topics simply because they fascinated me. I sought out enrichment opportunities not for their resume value, but for genuine enrichment. I learned to value and engage with the process, not just the end results.And you know what? It was life-changing and life-affirming. My curiosity and passion was reignited in ways I hadn't experienced since childhood. I found myself actually absorbing and retaining information instead of just regurgitating it for tests. Complex concepts I'd previously feared began clicking into place as I immersed myself in them through analysis and discourse. The journey itself, with all its twists, turns and struggles, became as gratifying as the destination.This newfound mindset shift didn't just re-energize my academics either. It opened every aspect of life up to more meaning, richness and fulfillment. Whether I'm practicing a new sport, picking up an instrument, or reading a challenging book, Inow strive to stay present and engaged with the process. To lose myself in the endeavor itself, not just the desired outcome. To find reward in the effort, the growth, and yes, even the failures and setbacks that are inherent in any worthwhile pursuit.Because that's ultimately what an unhealthy results fixation robs us of - the ability to learn from our mistakes, to evolve and be resilient in the face of adversity. When all that matters is checking boxes and acing tests, any deviation from perfection becomes a source of paralysis rather than an invitation tore-evaluate, adapt and forge ahead wiser. The prioritization of outcomes over process turns growth into a terrifying,high-stakes game with little room for creative or intellectual risk-taking.In contrast, when we celebrate the effort, the grit and the inherent value of tackling challenges head-on, we give ourselves the freedom to stumble and discover. To iterate. To question assumptions. To forge new paths. Thomas Edison didn't invent the lightbulb by obsessing over being first, he got there through thousands of failed attempts, each one a stepping stone rather than a futile roadblock. Modernist composers didn't revolutionize music by playing it safe on tests, but by shattering conventions through bold experimentation. Even scientificrevolutions are hardly ever the work of safely pursuing predetermined outcomes, but of fearless thinkers willing to be wrong again and again in pursuit of deeper understanding.Of course, I'm not arguing that we should abandon goals or benchmarks entirely. Having a direction, achieving concrete milestones, feeling the satisfaction of realized ambitions - these are all vital components of motivation, self-actualization and a life well-lived. But they cannot be pursued in isolation, unmoored from the life-giving spirit of process and journey. Results are glorious peaks, celebrated after the climb. But the climb itself, with all its breathtaking vistas and steep rock faces, is just as essential. Maybe even more so.For me, finding this balance and perspective has been one of the most valuable life lessons of my young adulthood. In a world that constantly pressures us to treat life like a checklist, abullet-pointed climb up rigid hierarchies and ladders, retaining our sense of wonder and engagement with the present moment is nothing short of radical and revolutionary. It preserves our souls, our creativity, our ability to grow and evolve rather than stagnating in the pursuit of a hollow prize.So as I look forward to my future, I carry this appreciationto value of process and the entire journey - in my studies, my career,and every facet of life. I aim to chase dreams and chase growth through immersive presence. To be fueled by an intrinsic hunger to discover, create, analyze and discuss. To drink deeply from the cup of effort, struggle and evolution rather than just sprinting toward distant, extrinsic finish lines.Because at the end of the day, we are not scores or resumes or accolades. We are processes, journeys, stories of constant transformation and reinvention woven through dedication, mistakes, breakthroughs and evolutions both big and small. And keeping that truth at the core of how we live is the ultimate key to a life fully realized and vibrantly experienced.篇2The Importance of Valuing the Journey, Not Just the DestinationAs a student, it's easy to get caught up in the pursuit of good grades, test scores, and ultimately, that elusive acceptance letter to your dream university or job offer at a top company. We are conditioned from an early age to focus on results – the A's on our report cards, the trophies and medals, the accolades and accomplishments that we can put on our resumes and college applications. But in this relentless chase for success, we oftenlose sight of something even more valuable: the journey itself and the lessons we learn along the way.I'll be the first to admit that I used to be utterly results-driven. Back in high school, I would study and prepare solely with the goal of acing the next big test or exam. The process of actually learning the material and gaining a deeper understanding wasn't my priority – I just wanted to do whatever it took to get that A. Looking back, I realize how misguided that approach was. Yes, I got good grades, but I missed out on so many opportunities to really immerse myself in the subjects, ask questions, explore novel concepts and make connections between ideas. Instead of engaging with the material, I simply crammed information into my head like a computer uploading data, regurgitated it on the test, and then promptly forgot most of it. It was an empty, unfulfilling way to learn.Everything changed for me when I started taking a biology course my freshman year of college. On the first day, our professor said something that stuck with me: "I don't care about your grades nearly as much as I care about your growth as scientists and critical thinkers." From that point on, the entire focus of the class was on the process – forming hypotheses, designing experiments, analyzing results, and learning from ourmistakes. Getting the "right" answer wasn't what mattered; it was about exercising our curiosity, bravely following our questions down endless rabbit holes of inquiry, and developing a rigorous scientific mindset.It was a stark contrast to the cut-and-dried classes of my high school years, and admittedly, it took some adjustment. There were times when I felt frustrated because an experiment didn't give me the outcome I'd predicted, or I couldn't immediately grasp a complex theory. But my professor constantly reminded us that the struggle was where true learning happened. He encouraged us to revel in examining our failed hypotheses, to fearlessly rethink our assumptions, and to persist through confusion until we arrived at a deeper level of comprehension.Slowly but surely, I found myself being transformed. Instead of obsessing over grades, I became passionate about truly understanding biology in all its intricate details. I learned to let go of the need to be "right" all the time, and to embrace a growth mindset where mistakes were opportunities, not shortcomings. Class became something I looked forward to not because there was a test to study for, but because I was endlesslyinvigorated by the thrill of scientific discovery and critical thinking.This shift in mentality didn't just affect my experience in that single biology course – it pervaded every aspect of my education and life. I found myself re-engaging with my studies across subjects through a new lens, savoring the acquisition of knowledge rather than stressing over achievement metrics. Group projects, which I used to dread, became avenues for collaborative exploration. And when faced with challenges or obstacles, I no longer saw them as roadblocks but as chances to flexmy critical thinking muscles and grow from the experience.Beyond academics, this focus on cherishing the process has enriched my personal life as well. When I pursued extracurriculars and hobbies, from creative writing to dance to volunteering, I found myself being fully present and engaged rather than just going through the motions to pad my resume. Everything I did retained a sense of meaning, curiosity, and exploration – qualities that are so easy to lose when you're solely fixated on the end goal.As I prepare to graduate from college and take my next big leap, I know that wherever I go, I will carry this vital mindset with me. In a professional setting, I won't merely check boxes andchase promotions and prestigious titles. I'll approach my work with an open mind, a hunger to constantly learn and improve, and a commitment to embracing challenges as opportunities for growth. And in my personal life, I'll continue to seek out new experiences not for the sake of achievement, but for the sheer joy of the journey itself.Don't get me wrong – I'm not dismissing the importance of results altogether. Setting goals and working towards tangible accomplishments is human nature, and there's nothing wrong with striving for success. But that success is hollow and unsustainable if it comes at the cost of overlooking the process. The winding paths we take to reach our destinations are just as crucial, if not more so, than the destinations themselves.It's on these journeys that we have our most profound realizations about ourselves and the world around us. It's where we gain resilience through failures and obstacles. It's where we spark eureka moments of brilliant insight and innovation. It's where our perspectives shift, our minds expand, and we shape the critical thinking skills that will serve us for life. To neglect the process is to rob ourselves of the most rewarding parts of pursuing our dreams and ambitions. The results may be the icingon the cake, but the process is the cake itself – rich, nourishing, and worthsavoring every single bite.So as you embark on your own journeys through school, career, and life, do remember to pause and appreciate the paths you're traveling, not just the ultimate destinations towards which they lead. Value every struggle, every victory, every moment of confusion that eventually gives way to clarity. Allow yourself to be challenged, stumped, and forced to evolve your perspectives. Remain endlessly curious and hungry to learn. And most importantly, cherish each step along the way – for that is where the profound gifts of growth, wisdom, and self-discovery lie. The results will inevitably follow, but the process is what makes the effort truly meaningful and worthwhile.篇3The Importance of Valuing the Journey, Not Just the DestinationAs students, we're constantly bombarded with messages about the importance of achieving good grades, getting into a top university, and ultimately landing a high-paying job. From a young age, we're taught that success is measured by tangible results – the numbers on a report card, the rankings andreputation of the school we attend, the salary we ultimately command in the workforce.While there's no denying that these conventional metrics of achievement are important, I've come to realize that an unhealthy obsession with results can be counterproductive and leave us feeling unsatisfied and unfulfilled. What gets lost in the relentless pursuit of outcomes is an appreciation for the process itself – the journey of learning, growing, and developing as a human being.I'll admit that for many years, I was guilty of falling into this results-oriented trap. In middle school and early high school, I was utterly consumed by my GPA, frantically checking the education portal after every assignment and test to calculate how each new mark would impact my overall average. If I didn't achieve the grade I was hoping for, I would be crushed, feeling like all the time and effort I had invested was for naught.It was in my junior year that I had something of an awakening about the flaws of this mindset. I had just joined the debate team, an extracurricular that represented quite a departure from the traditional academic arena where I typically operated. In debate, scoring well wasn't just about regurgitating information, but about original analysis, quick thinking, andskilled oratory. For the first time, I began to appreciate that the true value wasn't in the competition результаты, but in the process of preparing – the hours spent researching, crafting arguments, and practicing delivery.With debate, I experienced meaningful learning and growth that couldn't be quantified by a numeric score or ranking. Sure, winning felt good, but even when my team fell short, I felt a sense of pride and fulfillment. I had taken ownership of my education, rather than just being a vessel for absorbing information. The invaluable critical thinking, communication, and intellectual curiosity cultivated through debate have served me well in all my endeavors since.This reframing of what constitutes true success has fundamentally altered my approach to academics. I shifted my perspective from just striving for an arbitrary percentage or GPA number, to prioritizing patience, diligence, and a genuine passion for the material itself. I don't just want to learn things exclusively to get good test scores, but to actually understand concepts at a deeper level.When I struggled in a class like organic chemistry, instead of bemoaning a poor midterm grade, I resolved to savor the process, embracing mistakes and gaps in understanding asinevitable steps towards mastery. I spent more time in office hours, asked more questions in class, and engaged with the material more actively using techniques like hand-written notes and molecular model kits.This isn't to say that I don't still care about performing well –academic achievement is important to me and a worthy pursuit. However, I no longer treat results as the sole barometer of success. I focus on the satisfaction that comes from the hard work, intellectual engagement, and incremental progress embodied by the learning process itself.Beyond academics, I've found that many of life's most meaningful endeavors don't lend themselves to clean, quantitative measures of achievement. Take a pursuit like creative writing, for example. When crafting a short story or poem, there is no clear metric for determining whether you've crossed some objective finish line. You could get that exhilarating piece published in a prestigious literary journal, but even then, beauty remains subjective and open to interpretation.The true reward comes from the art of practicing the craft itself – selecting just the right phrasing, agonizing over each line edit, and experiencing moments of creative epiphany amid the struggle of overcoming writer's block. The process stretches youas a writer and you inevitably improve, regardless of any external stamp of validation.Or consider a teenage relationship – though it may not have worked out in the long run, the lessons learned about communication, vulnerability, and emotional intelligence remain invaluable. The meaning was embodied in the journey of exploring romance, growing as an individual, and coming to deeper understandings of yourself. Getting caught up only in the relationship's ultimate longevity or lack thereof is to ignore the catalyzing impact it had on your maturation.I think back to my experiences as a summer camp counselor, where the process was far more meaningful than any final evaluations or accolades. The true value came from the innumerable lighthearted moments with energetic kids – playing games, singing silly songs, and making inside jokes around the campfire. It was about stepping up, taking responsibility for small humans' wellbeing, and emerging as more of a leader and role model. Those character-shaping experiences transcend any physical souvenirs or end-of-summer awards.Admittedly, in our results-obsessed world, it isn't always easy to maintain the perspective that the journey matters more than just the destination. We're inundated with messages thatreinforce a more transactional, outcome-based notion of success. From academics to athletics to professional pursuits,говорятся остается heavily tilted towards recognizing only those who finish first or produce something concrete to show for their efforts.Yet I've come to understand that while celebrating major achievements and milestones is all well and good, the real substance that shapes us resides in those in-between spaces that get overlooked. It's in the trenches of embracing struggle before any sort of breakthrough. It's in the quotidian routines, habits, and daily practices that eventually culminate into who we become as people. It's in the conversations, fleeting moments of interconnectedness, and shared emotions that make life deeply textured and three-dimensional.At the end of the day, life is a continuous journey of growth, exploration, perseverance, and pursuing curiosities. Material results and accolades certainly have their place, but they are incomplete, inadequate finish lines in what should be anever-ending race. True satisfaction comes from the actual act of undertaking the journey itself. So as I move forward, while still working hard towards my goals, I'll be sure to appreciate the profound value found simply in the process.。
药用植物学成果范文
药用植物学成果范文英文回答，Medicinal plant science, also known as pharmacognosy, is a branch of botany that focuses on the study of plants with potential medicinal properties. This field of study has led to numerous important discoveries and advancements in the field of medicine.One significant achievement of medicinal plant science is the discovery of the anti-cancer properties of the Madagascar periwinkle plant, which led to the development of the chemotherapy drugs vincristine and vinblastine. These drugs have been instrumental in the treatment of various types of cancer, saving countless lives around the world.Another notable contribution of medicinal plant science is the identification and isolation of artemisinin from the sweet wormwood plant. Artemisinin has proven to be a highly effective treatment for malaria, particularly in cases of drug-resistant strains of the parasite. This discovery hashad a profound impact on global efforts to control and eliminate malaria.In addition to these specific examples, medicinal plant science has also contributed to the development of many other important drugs and treatments. The study of plants has led to the discovery of compounds with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties, among others.Overall, the study of medicinal plants has greatly enriched our understanding of the natural world and has provided us with valuable tools for combating disease and improving human health.中文回答，药用植物学，也被称为药用植物学，是植物学的一个分支，专注于研究具有潜在药用性质的植物。
马鞭草水煎液对老年痴呆小鼠学习记忆的影响
ｌ ｒｕ ａ ｉ ｉｃｎｌ ｐｏ ｎｅ ｎ ｅｎ ｍ ｅ ｒｒ ｗ ｓｓ ｉｃｎ ｙｒｄ ｃｄ ｈ ｍ ｌ ｄｌ ｉ ｇ ｐｗ ｓ ｇ ｆａ ｔ ｒｌ ｇｄａｄｔ ｕ ｂ ｒ ｆ ｒ ｓ ａ ｉ ｆ ａｔ ｕ ｅ ，ｔｅａ ｙ ｉａ —Ｂ—ｐｐｉｅｃｎｅｔ ｅｅｓ — ｓ ｏ ｓ ｎｉ ｙ ｏ ｈ ｏｅ ＿ ｇ ｉ ｌ ｅ ０ ｎ ｏ ｅｔ ｏｔｎ ｗ ｒ ｉ ｄ ｇ
Ａｂｔａｔ ｓ ｃ：Ｏｂｅｔ ｅ ｏｉｖｓｇｔ ｔｅｉ ｐｏｅ ｅｔｏ ｅｂｎｏ ｉｎ ｉ Ｄ ｃｃｉ ｉｌａ ｉｇａｄ ｍ ｍ ￣ ｉ Ａｚｅｍ ｒ Ｓ ｒ ｊ ｉ ：Ｔ ｅｔ ａ ｒｖｍ ｎ ｆ ｒｅａｆｃ ａ ｓ ｅｏｔ ｎＯ ｅｒ ｎ ｎ ｅ ｏ ｎ ｌ ｉ ｅ ’ ｃ ｖ ｎ ｉ ｅｈ ｍ Ｖ ｉｌ ｏ ｌ ｎ ｈ
ｄ ｓ ａ ｅ ｍｉｅ ａ ｄ ｔ ｅ ｍｅ ｈ ｉｍｓ ｏ ｅ ａ ｔ ｎ ． Ｍ ｅ ｈ ｄ ： ＫＭ ｃ ｄ ｌ ｃ ｕ ｅ ｙ Ｄ —ｇ ｌ ｃｏ ｅ，ｔ ｅ ａ ｉ ｔｅ ｆｌ ａ ｎ ｎ ｉ ｓ ｃ ｎ ｈ ｃ ａ ｓ ｆｔ ｃｉ ｓ ｅ ｎ ｈ ｏ ｔｏ ｓ ＡＤ ｍｉｅ ｍｏ ｅｓ ａ ｓ ｄ ｂ ａａ ｔｓ ｈ ｂ ｌ ｉｓ ｏ ｅ ｒ ｉ ｇ ｉ
ｎ ｆ ａ ｔ ｅ ｕ ｅ ｎ ｍｏ ｓ ｒ ｎ ａ ｄ ｓ Ｉ ｍ．Ｃｏ ｃｕ ｉ ｎ： ｈ ｒ ｅ ａ ｆ ｃｎ ｉ Ｄｅ ｏ ｔ ｎ ｃ ｎ ｉ ｒ ｖ ｅ ｒ ｉ ｇ ａ ｄ ｍｅ ￣ ａ ｉ ｔ ｓ ｉ ｃ ｌ ｒ ｄ ｃ ｄ ｉ ｕ ｅｂ ａ ｅ ｕ ｉｎ ｙ ｉ ｎ ＇ ｎ ｌ ｓｏ Ｔ ｅＶｅ ｂ ｎ ｏ ｉｉ ａ ｓ ｃ ｃｉ ａ ｌ ｏ ｍｐ ｏ ｅ ｌａ ｎｎ ｍｏ ｎ ｂｌｉ ｉｅ
淀粉样 蛋白含量。结果：马鞭草 明显延长 了避暗潜伏期 ，降低了错误 次数 ，血清及脑组织 内 １淀粉样蛋 白含量明显降低 。结论 ：马鞭草水 ３ 煎液 能提高 Ａ Ｄ模型小 鼠学习记忆 能力，８ 淀粉样蛋 白表达水平降低可能是其作用机制之一。
生物化学的发现英文
生物化学的发现英文In the realm of biochemistry, the discovery of DNA's double helix structure stands as a monumental breakthrough.It revolutionized our understanding of genetic informationand paved the way for modern molecular biology.The intricate dance of enzymes and substrates, orchestrating the metabolic pathways within cells, is amarvel of nature's design. Each enzyme, with its unique shape, ensures the specificity and efficiency of biochemical reactions.Another significant revelation in biochemistry is therole of amino acids in protein synthesis. The sequence ofthese building blocks determines the structure and functionof proteins, which are the workhorses of the biological world.The exploration of lipid bilayers and their role in cell membranes has deepened our comprehension of how cellsmaintain their integrity and selectively interact with their environment.The study of biochemistry also unveils the mysteries of cellular energy production. The citric acid cycle andoxidative phosphorylation are processes that convertnutrients into the energy currency of the cell, ATP.Understanding the molecular mechanisms of disease hasbeen greatly advanced by biochemistry. For instance, the identification of the molecular basis of cystic fibrosis has led to more targeted and effective therapies.The emerging field of epigenetics, where biochemistry intersects with genetics, has shed light on how environmental factors can influence gene expression without altering the DNA sequence itself.Finally, the ongoing quest to decode the human proteomeis a testament to the vastness of biochemical knowledge. Each protein's unique function contributes to the symphony of life, and understanding them is key to unlocking the mysteries of health and disease.。
仿生学车草发明英语作文400字
仿生学车草发明英语作文400字English Answer：Biomimetic Burdock Invention.The Biomimetic Burdock invention draws inspiration from the natural hook-and-loop mechanism found in burdock seeds. By replicating the burdock's unique barbed structure, researchers have developed a synthetic material with exceptional adhesion properties.The biomimetic burdock material is composed of an array of tiny hooks that mimic the shape and orientation of the barbs on burdock seeds. These hooks interlock with the fibers of the opposing surface, creating a strong and durable bond. The material exhibits high adhesion strength on a wide range of surfaces, including fabrics, metals, and plastics.The invention has numerous potential applications invarious industries, including:Medical devices: The biomimetic burdock material can be used in surgical sutures, wound dressings, and implantable devices to provide secure and non-invasive attachment.Industrial manufacturing: The material can be integrated into adhesives, tapes, and fasteners, offering enhanced bonding strength and durability in demanding applications.Consumer products: The biomimetic burdock technology can be applied to clothing, shoes, and accessories to provide improved comfort and functionality.The invention demonstrates the power of biomimicry in solving engineering challenges. By emulating the natural world, researchers have developed a synthetic material with properties that far surpass conventional adhesives and fasteners.中文回答：仿生车草发明。
我的植物朋友芍药英语作文
My Botanical Friend: The PeonyAmong the diverse and beautiful flowers in the world, the peony stands out as a true gem. Not only is it visually stunning, but it also holds a special place in my heart as my plant friend. Its unique charm and enduring beauty have fascinated me since I first laid eyes on it.The peony, also known as the "King of Flowers," exudes an air of elegance and grandeur. Its large, vibrant blooms, ranging from delicate pinks to vibrant reds, are a sight to behold. The petals are lush and velvety, almost appearing to glow in the sunlight. The way they gracefully unfurl, revealing their vibrant colors, is a sight that never fails to captivate me.The peony also possesses a captivating fragrance. Its sweet and subtle aroma fills the air, creating a serene and relaxing atmosphere. It is this scent that often draws me to my peony plant, where I can sit and admire its beautyfor hours.As a plant friend, the peony has taught me valuable lessons about nature and growth. It has shown me the resilience of life, as it thrives in a variety of environments. Whetherit is planted in a garden, a container, or even indoors, the peony continues to bloom and flourish. Thisadaptability and tenacity are qualities that I strive to emulate in my own life.Moreover, the peony has also taught me the importance of patience and nurturing. Like any other plant, the peony requires regular care and attention to thrive. It needs to be watered, fertilized, and pruned to ensure that it remains healthy and vibrant. This process has taught me the value of investing time and effort into my relationships, as well as taking care of myself.In conclusion, the peony is not just a beautiful flower; it is a cherished plant friend that has enriched my life. Its elegance, resilience, and need for care have taught me valuable lessons about nature, growth, and self-nurturing. As I continue to admire its beauty and nurture our relationship, I am reminded of the importance of taking time to appreciate the natural wonders that surround us and to cherish the bonds that we form with the plants that enrich our lives.。
有关本草纲目英语作文
有关本草纲目英语作文Compendium of Materia Medica, also known as Ben Cao Gang Mu, is a renowned Chinese medical book written by Li Shizhen during the Ming Dynasty. It is considered one ofthe most comprehensive and systematic works on traditional Chinese medicine and pharmacology. The book covers a wide range of topics, including herbal medicine, acupuncture,and other traditional medical practices.Compendium of Materia Medica is divided into 16 volumes, with a total of 52 categories and 1892 entries. It includes detailed descriptions of over 1800 different kinds of drugs, along with their properties, functions, and applications. The book also contains illustrations and diagrams to help readers better understand the characteristics and uses of each medicine.One of the most remarkable features of Compendium of Materia Medica is its emphasis on empirical evidence and clinical experience. Li Shizhen spent over 27 yearstraveling across China, collecting information from local doctors and herbalists, and conducting his own experiments to test the efficacy of various drugs. As a result, the book is not only a compilation of existing knowledge but also a record of Li Shizhen's own observations and discoveries.In addition to its comprehensive coverage of medicinal herbs, Compendium of Materia Medica also includes sections on minerals, animals, and other natural substances used in traditional Chinese medicine. It provides detailed information on the preparation and administration of different drugs, as well as guidelines for diagnosing and treating various diseases.Compendium of Materia Medica has had a profound impact on the development of traditional Chinese medicine and has been widely studied and referenced by practitioners and scholars for centuries. Its systematic approach to categorizing and describing medicinal substances has served as a foundation for the study of pharmacology and herbal medicine in China and beyond.In recent years, there has been a growing interest in Compendium of Materia Medica among Western scholars and medical professionals. Its rich content and holistic approach to health and wellness have drawn attention from researchers seeking to integrate traditional Chinese medicine into modern healthcare practices.In conclusion, Compendium of Materia Medica is a timeless masterpiece that continues to inspire and inform the practice of traditional Chinese medicine. Its comprehensive coverage, empirical approach, and practical insights make it a valuable resource for anyone interested in herbal medicine, pharmacology, and the history of medical science.。
本草纲目四级英语作文
本草纲目四级英语作文The Compendium of Materia Medica, also known as Bencao Gangmu, is a Chinese herbal medicine book written by Li Shizhen during the Ming dynasty. It is considered one ofthe most comprehensive and systematic works on traditional Chinese medicine, covering a wide range of topics including herbal medicine, acupuncture, and dietary therapy.The book is divided into 16 volumes and containsdetailed information on over 1,800 different kinds of drugs, including their properties, functions, and applications. It also includes illustrations of various plants and animals, as well as descriptions of their medicinal uses.One of the key contributions of the Compendium of Materia Medica is its emphasis on empirical evidence and observation. Li Shizhen personally collected and tested many of the drugs described in the book, and his observations and experiences are reflected in the detailed descriptions of each drug's properties and effects.The Compendium of Materia Medica has had a significant impact on the development of traditional Chinese medicine and has been widely studied and referenced by practitioners and scholars for centuries. It has also been translatedinto multiple languages and has influenced the practice of herbal medicine in other parts of the world.In addition to its medical content, the Compendium of Materia Medica also contains valuable information on the natural history, geography, and culture of China during the Ming dynasty. It provides a unique insight into the traditional knowledge and practices of the time, making it a valuable resource for historians and anthropologists.Overall, the Compendium of Materia Medica is a monumental work that has had a lasting impact on the study and practice of traditional Chinese medicine. Its comprehensive and systematic approach to herbal medicine, as well as its emphasis on empirical evidence and observation, continue to make it a valuable resource for practitioners and researchers in the field.。
不同腌制工艺对木薯嫩梢加工品质的影响
张金泉，王琴飞，吴若娜，等. 不同腌制工艺对木薯嫩梢加工品质的影响[J]. 食品工业科技，2024，45（1）：72−79. doi:10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2023030094ZHANG Jinquan, WANG Qinfei, WU Ruona, et al. Impact of Various Pickling Techniques on the Processing Quality of Cassava Tender Shoots[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2024, 45(1): 72−79. (in Chinese with English abstract). doi:10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2023030094· 研究与探讨 ·不同腌制工艺对木薯嫩梢加工品质的影响张金泉1,2，王琴飞2，吴若娜2，余厚美2，林立铭2，宋 勇1, *，张振文2,*（1.湖南农业大园艺学院，湖南长沙 410000；2.中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所，海南海口 571101）摘 要：本研究以木薯嫩梢（Cassava tender shoots ，CTS ）为对象，利用感官评价法、营养质量指数法（Index of nutritional quality ，INQ ）和主成分分析法（Principal component analysis ，PCA ），探究了传统泡菜、芽菜、酱菜、橄榄菜、烫泡菜和盐渍菜等制作工艺对CTS 腌制菜基本化学和元素组成、抗营养因子和亚硝酸盐含量的差异，以筛选出CTS 适合的腌制菜工艺。
结果表明：腌制的不同工艺条件显著影响CTS 腌制菜品质。
其中，CTS 芽菜蛋白质含量最高，为35.29 g/100 g ；CTS 盐渍菜大部分化学组成含量较低；CTS 腌制菜所含的矿物质皆不同程度降低，其中CTS 芽菜工艺减少最多（Mn 、Zn 、K 和Mg 含量分别减少71.91%、70.72%、59.20%和60.84%）。
制作草药作文英语
制作草药作文英语Title: The Art of Crafting Herbal Essays。
Crafting an essay on herbalism is akin to brewing a concoction of words, blending knowledge and insight into a potion of understanding. In this essay, we embark on a journey to explore the essence of herbalism, its rich history, contemporary relevance, and the profound connection it fosters between humans and nature.The roots of herbalism run deep into the annals of human history. From ancient civilizations to modern societies, the use of herbs for medicinal, culinary, and spiritual purposes has been ingrained in our collective consciousness. Herbalism encompasses a holistic approach to health and wellness, emphasizing the interconnectedness of mind, body, and spirit.In exploring the history of herbalism, one encounters a tapestry woven with threads of tradition and innovation.Ancient cultures such as the Egyptians, Greeks, and Chinese cultivated a vast knowledge of medicinal plants, documenting their uses and properties in scrolls and texts that have endured through the ages. The wisdom ofherbalists like Dioscorides and Avicenna laid thefoundation for the herbal traditions that continue tothrive today.Fast forward to the present day, and herbalism remains as relevant as ever in a world inundated with synthetic pharmaceuticals and artificial remedies. The resurgence of interest in natural healing modalities has sparked a renaissance in herbal medicine, with practitioners and enthusiasts alike rediscovering the benefits of botanical remedies. Scientific studies have validated the efficacy of many traditional herbal remedies, shedding light on the biochemical mechanisms underlying their therapeutic effects.Moreover, herbalism transcends the realm of physical health, encompassing aspects of spirituality and sustainability. Many indigenous cultures view plants as sacred beings, imbued with the wisdom of the earth.Practices such as plant spirit medicine and shamanic herbalism honor this sacred relationship, fostering a deep sense of reverence for the natural world.In crafting an herbal essay, one must approach the subject with both reverence and rigor. Each herb carriesits own story, its own unique blend of chemical compounds and energetic properties. From the soothing chamomile tothe invigorating ginseng, each plant offers a wealth of potential for exploration and discovery.When composing an herbal essay, it is essential to ground oneself in the principles of botany and pharmacology, understanding the chemical constituents that give each herb its therapeutic potential. At the same time, one must honor the cultural and spiritual significance of herbal remedies, acknowledging their role in the tapestry of human experience.In conclusion, crafting an herbal essay is an art form that requires both knowledge and intuition, blendingscience and storytelling into a harmonious whole. Bydelving into the rich history, contemporary relevance, and spiritual depth of herbalism, one can cultivate a deeper understanding of the profound connection between humans and the natural world. So let us continue to explore the vast garden of herbal wisdom, sowing seeds of knowledge and harvesting insights that nourish the body, mind, and soul.。
三角叶蟹甲草地上部分化学成分及生物活性研究的开题报告
三角叶蟹甲草地上部分化学成分及生物活性研究的开题报告研究背景与意义：三角叶蟹甲草属于被子植物，它的药用功效和化学成分已经得到了广泛的研究。
现有研究表明，三角叶蟹甲草的地上部分含有多种化合物，如黄酮类、倍半萜类、喹诺酮类、多糖类等。
其中，黄酮类化合物是三角叶蟹甲草地上部分的主要化学成分，具有抗氧化、抗菌、抗炎、抗癌等多种生物活性。
但是，目前对于三角叶蟹甲草地上部分的生物活性和化学成分研究还比较缺乏。
因此，本研究旨在对三角叶蟹甲草地上部分进行化学成分和生物活性的研究，以期为三角叶蟹甲草的药用开发和利用提供科学依据。
研究内容：1. 采集三角叶蟹甲草地上部分，并通过方法学优化提取其化学成分。
2. 利用高效液相色谱、气相色谱等分析技术，对提取物进行化学成分分析，并鉴定其化学成分结构。
3. 对三角叶蟹甲草地上部分提取物进行抗氧化、抗菌、抗炎、抗癌等方面的生物活性评价。
4. 分析三角叶蟹甲草地上部分化学成分与生物活性之间的相关性。
研究方法：1. 采集三角叶蟹甲草地上部分，进行干燥、粉碎等预处理。
2. 优化超声波辅助提取、超临界流体萃取等提取方法，并采用旋光仪、紫外分光光度计、质谱仪等技术对提取物进行化学成分分析。
3. 采用2,2-二苯基-1-若氧基-3-羟基三硝基苯自由基、DPPH自由基、羟自由基等试剂，对提取物进行抗氧化评价；采用荧光素酰琥珀酰酰氯、二氢麦角酸等试剂，对提取物进行抗菌评价；采用小鼠炎症模型、人肝癌细胞等体内、外模型，对提取物进行抗炎、抗癌评价。
4. 利用统计学方法，分析化学成分与生物活性之间的相关性。
研究预期成果：1. 确定三角叶蟹甲草地上部分的主要化学成分，并鉴定其化学成分结构。
2. 发现三角叶蟹甲草地上部分提取物对抗氧化、抗菌、抗炎、抗癌等方面的生物活性。
3. 探究三角叶蟹甲草地上部分的化学成分与生物活性之间的相关性。
4. 为三角叶蟹甲草的药用开发和利用提供科学依据。
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Study on CaO decomposing bastnaesite in assistant of NaCl-CaCl2Bian Xue, Wu Wenyuan, Chang Hongtao, Peng Kewu, Xu Jingyu, Sun Shuchen, Tu Ganfeng(School of Materials & Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang Liaoning 110004, China)Abstract: Now in process of bastnaesite decomposed, fluorine gives out as gas phase. Therefore, fluorine resource is wasted, and the environment is also polluted. In order to find new cleaning metallurgy method, the decomposition reactions of heading mineral roasting by CaO-NaCl-CaCl2 are studied by means of TG-DTA and XRD methods. The relationship between decomposition ratio and four factors is studied by the quadratic regression orthogonal analysis, and then the regression equation is obtained. The optimum process conditions are obtained as follows: roasting temperature: 700℃, CaO addition: 15%, NaCl-CaCl2 addition: 10%, roasting time: 60min, the decomposition ratio: 92.14%. Through analysis, because CaO is added, fluorine exists in roasting products as CaF2 solid, and the formation of gas phase fluorine is restrained. Thus it is shown that the method is a cleaning metallurgy technology in this thesis.Key words: bastnaesite, roasting, CaO-NaCl-CaCl2, CaF2CLC number: O614.3 Document code: Article ID:Bastnaesite is the biggest one in rare earth ore reserves, and it is widely used in the industry. Bastnaesite is the material that is used to extract Ce, La and other light rare earth, and it is also the material that is used to produce RE-ferrosilicon alloy and mixed rare earth metal. Roasting bastnaesite is referred in these technologies, therefore, study on roasting bastnaesite has important significance to rare earth industry[1-6].Now, used roasting method, the producing HF release to atmosphere, and not only does it pollute environment, but also waste F resource. Otherwise, bastnaesite can be completely decomposed in 510℃, but a part of rare earth exists as 2CeO2•CeF3[7-9]. CeF3 is hard to dissolve in leaching process, so receiving ratio of rare earth scales down. If this problem wants to be solved, CeF3 should be roasted to oxide in high temperature. According to document[10], when roasting temperature reach to 1000℃, bastnaesite just is roasted to rare earth oxide. In this paper, the purpose is that the problem of F giving out as gas phase to pollute environment can be solved in roasting process, and bastnaesite can be completely decomposed to rare earth oxide in low roasting temperature, and rare earth receiving ratio can increase. The tenet is that a new clearing bastnaesite decomposition technology can be exploited.1. Experiment1.1 Experiment materialsThe bastnaesite is supplied by feitian rare earth Company in Chengdu, and habitat is Mianning in Sichuan province. Chemical constitution is arrayed in table 1, and the other reagents in the experiment are analytically pure.Table1. The constitutions of bastnaesiteConstitutions RExOy CaO BaO Fe2O3 F content/%（mass）71.4 0.4 1.5 0.2 5.01.2 Experiment processThe roasting experiment is carried out in roasting furnace. The processes are that according to scheme of regression-orthogonal designing, mixed concentrate, CaO and NaCl-CaCl2 are mixed in__________________________________Foundation item: Project supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (50574031); Scientific Research special Foundation of Doctor subject of Chinese Universities (20030145015); Biography: Bian Xue (1980-), Born in Shenyang, Male, Doctor.mortar. Then the steel-boat loaded mixed ore, which is put into oven, and roasts one hour. BT119 temperature controlling device is used to control temperature, and accuracy standard is 0.2 levels.The roasting products are picked to determine decomposition ratio and phase constitutions. In the determination process of decomposition ratio, the decomposition ratio of rare earth concentrate is instead by the oxidize ratio of Ce. Document[11] considers that Ce is trivalent in rare earth ore, so if Ce4+ is determined, it must be decomposed outgrowth. The content of Ce4+ is determined by ferrous ammonium sulfate calibration. Before determination, Ce3+ is oxidized to Ce4+ by perchloric acid. The calculation formula is Ce4+/Σ(Ce3++Ce4+)=ratio decomposition(%). The roasted products are analyzed by mean of XRD, and this analysis uses Japanese D/max 2400 diffractometer. SDTQ600 thermal analyzer is used in differential thermal analysis, and the atmosphere is static nitrogen, and warming-up speed is 10℃/min, and the range of temperature is from room-temperature to 900℃.1.3 Regression-orthogonal designingTemperature, CaO addition, NaCl-CaCl2 addition and roasting time are selected as the studying object. Table 2 is encode table of four factors and twice regression orthogonal experiment, at the same place, γ=1.414. The regression orthogonal experiment schemes and the decomposition ratio results are arrayed in table 3. The regression equation is obtained with the results of table 3 calculated by mathematical statistics[12].Y=87.7+3.223X1+2.459X2+1.139X3+0.595X4-0.67X1X2-0.04X1X3-0.11X1X4+0.182X2X3-0. 06X2X4+0.019X3X4-2.1X12-2.25X22-2.13X32-1.78X42There into, X1: temperature (℃), X2:CaO addition (%), X3: NaCl-CaCl2 addition (%), X4: roasting time (min).F check of regression equation is as follows:S total=530.79,S regression=507.15,S remain=S total－S regression=23.64,F=( S regression/14)/(S remain/10)= 15.32,F=15.32>F(0.1)[9,5]=2.24, Equation is conspicuous at 0.1 level. It is shown that the effect of experiment factors on decomposition of bastnaesite can be described by this equation.Table 2. Encode of factorsFactors Temperature（℃）CaO（wt%）NaCl-CaCl2（wt%）Roasting time（wt%）NumbersBase levels（0）Change ranges（Δj）Up levels（+1）Down levels（-1）Up asterisk arm（+γ）Down asterisk arm（-γ）X170070.72729.3670.7800600X215.007.0717.9312.0725.005.00X36.004.247.764.2412.00X46021.268.851.290302. Results and Discussion2.1 The heat decomposing process of mixed concentrateIn order to study the effect of CaO and NaCl-CaCl2 in the roasting process, three TG-DTA experiments are performed in different mixed ratios. The text results are shown in Table 4.Table3 Scheme and results of experimentNumbers x0x1 x2 x3x4x1x2x1x3x1x4x2x3 x2x4x3x4x1'x2'x3'x4'y1 1 1 1 11111 1 110.20.20.20.2932 1 1 1 1-111-1 1 -1-10.20.20.20.292.83 1 1 1 -111-11-1 1-10.20.20.20.290.494 1 1 1 -1-11-1-1-1 -110.20.20.20.289.85 1 1 -1 11-111-1 -110.20.20.20.288.96 1 1 -1 1-1-11-1-1 1-10.20.20.20.287.47 1 1 -1 -11-1-11 1 -1-10.20.20.20.287.38 1 1 -1 -1-1-1-1-1 1 110.20.20.20.2879 1-1 1 11-1-1-1 1 110.20.20.20.287.210 1-1 1 1-1-1-11 1 -1-10.20.20.20.285.911 1-1 1 -11-11-1-1 1-10.20.20.20.285.112 1-1 1 -1-1-111-1 -110.20.20.20.284.213 1-1 -1 111-1-1-1 -110.20.20.20.280.514 1-1 -1 1-11-11-1 1-10.20.20.20.279.815 1-1 -1 -1111-1 1 -1-10.20.20.20.278.716 1-1 -1 -1-1111 1 110.20.20.20.277.217 1 1.414 0 000000 00 1.2-0.8-0.8-0.892.718 1-1.414 0 000000 00 1.2-0.8-0.8-0.888.219 10 1.414 000000 00-0.8 1.2-0.8-0.892.820 10 -1.414 000000 00-0.8 1.2-0.8-0.887.521 10 0 1.41400000 00-0.8-0.8 1.2-0.892.922 10 0 -1.41400000 00-0.8-0.8 1.2-0.887.923 10 0 0 1.4140000 00-0.8-0.8-0.8 1.292.824 10 0 0-1.4140000 00-0.8-0.8-0.8 1.289.42510000000000-0.8-0.8-0.8-0.892.93Table 4. TG-DTA text resultsWidth offirst apex（℃） Width of second apex （℃） Width of third apex （℃） Weight loss ratio of first apex （%）Weight loss ratio of second apex （%） Weight loss ratio of third apex （%） 430~500 520~545 600~7109.2 0 3.5 According to the analysis of TG-DTA, it is shown that the curve of DTA have three endothermic peaks, they are in 430~500℃, 520~545℃, and 600~710℃. In order to study the reactions of bastnaesite decomposed by CaO-NaCl-CaCl 2, the end temperature of each endothermic peak is selected to do XRD. The results show in fig.1.(1) A endothermic peak and following weight loss exist in the 430~500℃ temperature range. From the analysis of XRD, there presents the decomposition reaction of Banstnaesite:REFCO 3=REOF+CO 2↑ (1)That should be explained that reaction (1) is primary one of bastnaesite decomposition reactions in the former studying results of bastnaesite roast. At the same time, reaction (1) shows that when CaO does not effect on reaction, bastnaesite cannot be completely decomposed to rare earth oxide in low roasting temperature.CaO has ability to decompose of rare earth oxyfluoride [16], and the reaction is as follows:CaO+2REOF=RE 2O 3+CaF 2 (2)From reaction (2), it is shown that because CaO roasting method is used in this paper, F of bastnaesite reacts with CaO to produce CaF 2, and the purpose of restraining F and saving the environment is reached. Although reaction (2) occurs in about 500℃, this is solid reaction, and the reaction rate is slow. Therefore, REOF cannot be completely decomposed to RE 2O 3 by CaO. As （2） （3）（4） （1）○REFCO 3、▲CeOF 、□2Ce 2O 3•3CeO 2、■CeO 2、 ◆CaO 、☆NaCl 、★CaCl 2、◇CaF 2、⊙CaCO 3 Fig.1 XRD of roasted bastnaesite by CaO-NaCl-CaCl 2 (1)unroasted pure bastnaesite, (2)XRD of roasted bastnaesite in 500℃， (2) XRD of roasted bastnaesite in 550℃，(3) XRD of roasted bastnaesite in 710℃ shown in TG-DTA curve, the endothermic peak of 520~545℃is congruent melting reaction of NaCl-CaCl2, and it will supply liquid phase to reaction (2), and expedite the reaction (2). In this temperature range, a part of Ce is further oxidized:Ce2O3+1/2O2=2CeO2 (3) Otherwise, from the XRD analysis of 500℃ product, the intensity of diffraction peak clearly increases. It is shown that the producing reaction of CaCO3 exists in this temperature range.According to the XRD analysis of 710℃product, the reaction is CaCO3 decomposition in 600~710℃ temperature range:CaCO3=CaO+CO2↑(4) Through compared XRD between 550℃ and 710℃, it is shown that rare earth is further oxidized in this temperature range, and after this endothermic peak, rare earth has been completely oxidized to rare earth oxide. According former paper, in order to increase the receiving rate of rare earth, rare earth of bastnaesite need roast to produce rare earth oxide. Therefore, in roasting method of this paper, roasting temperature should higher than starting temperature of the third endothermic peak, namely, roasting temperature should be above 600℃.2.2 Effect of roasting temperature on decomposition ratioThe melting point of NaCl-CaCl2 is 520℃, and it is far lower than that of NaCl(800℃). Therefore, when NaCl-CaCl2 are added in roasting process, liquid is supplied for solid reaction of bastnaesite decomposed by CaO above 520℃, and it can increase the reactive rate and the decomposition ratio. Fig.2 shows that the relationship that the decomposition ratio changes along with roasting temperature at different CaO addition, when NaCl-CaCl2 addition is 10%, and roasting time is 60min. From the picture, it is shown that roasting temperature has big effect on decomposition ratio. When CaO addition is 15%~20%, decomposition ratio does not have big different in each roasting temperature.As shown in picture, the decomposition ratio of bastnaesite rapidly increased following increased temperature in 600~700℃temperature range. That because reactions (1), (2), (3) are endothermal reactions. That is propitious to reaction, when roasting temperature increase. At the same time, when temperature increases, low melting point bath of NaCl-CaCl2 begins melt, and the liquid phase appears. This is propitious to reaction substance mass transfer, and can make bastnaesite decompose completely. But it is regarded that higher roasting temperature will make molten salt volatility, and the function of low molting point bath will decline. That is bad to decomposition reaction. When CaO addition is 15%, compared with 700℃ and 750℃, decomposition ratio only has 0.7% difference. So the optimization conditions is that roasting temperature is 700℃, and CaO addition is 15%.When rare earth is completely oxidized, the temperature of bastnaaesite roasted by this paper’s method is about 300℃lower than the temperature of roast method, and it supplies basis for carrying out industrial production.2.3 Effect of CaO additionWhen NaCl-CaCl2 addition is 10%, and roasting time is 60min with roasting temperature 600℃, 700℃, 800℃, the isothermal curve(in Fig.3) of the decomposition ratio changed with increasing CaO addition which is obtained by the regression equation calculated.It is seen clearly from Fig.3 that in every roasting temperature, when CaO addition increases to 15%, the decomposition ratio increases obviously. Hereafter, following the increase of CaO addition, the increasing trend of decomposition ratio becomes slow. With the example of roasting temperature of 700℃, when CaO addition increases from 0% to 15%, the decomposition ratio increases from 85.7% to92.14%. When CaO addition increases from 15% to 25%, the decomposition ratio only increases 0.5%. Because when CaO addition is 15%, the dosage of CaO can satisfy the decomposition of minerals, and in this time continued increasing CaO addition, the change of decomposition ratio is not obvious. According to calculate the reaction dosage of CaO, the theory dosage of CaO is 13.33% in reactions, and it is nearly with the experiment dosage that is 15%.2.4 Effect of NaCl-CaCl 2 additionIn order to study the effected of NaCl-CaCl 2 on decomposition ratio, the curve (in figure 4) of the decomposition ratio changes with increasing NaCl-CaCl 2 addition which is obtained by regression equation calculated, when CaO addition is 15%, and roasting time is 60min with roasting temperature 600℃, 700℃, 800℃.As shown in Fig.4, the adding of NaCl-CaCl 2 obviously avails to the decomposition of mixed concentrate. When NaCl-CaCl 2 addition increases from 0% to 10%, the decomposition ratio rapidly increases. Moreover, continued increasing NaCl-CaCl 2 addition continuously, the change of decomposition ratio is not obvious. It is shown that the system of NaCl-CaCl 2 is more propitious to REPO 4 decomposed by CaO than system of NaCl, and the advantage of this system is less addition and low roasting temperature.2.5 Effect of roasting timeFig.5 shows that the relationship that the decomposition ratio changes along with roasting time at different CaO addition, when NaCl-CaCl 2 addition is 10%, and roasting temperature is 700℃.As shown in Fig.5, decomposition ratio affected by roasting time is not obvious. When CaO addition is 15%, and roasting time increases from 30min to 60min, the decomposition ratio reaches from 91.2& Fig.3 Scheme of relationships between rare earth Concentrated composition rate and weight of CaO Fig.2 Scheme of relationships between rare earth Concentrate decomposition rate and temperatureFig.4 Scheme of relationships between rare earth Concentrate decomposition rate and weight of NaCl-CaCl 2 Fig.5 Scheme of relationships between rare earth Concentrate decomposition rate and roasting timeto 92.3%. But when roasting time exceeds 60min, the decomposition ratio does not change obviously. Considered to the energy lose and the cost, the roasting conditions that CaO addition is 15%, roasting time is 60min can be selected.2.6 Optimization analysis of roasting conditionThe purpose of bastnaesite by CaO-NaCl-CaCl2 is that the problem of F giving out as gas phase to pollute environment can be solved in roasting process, and bastnaesite can be completely decomposed to rare earth oxide in low roasting temperature, and rare earth receiving ratio can increase. The study also makes the technology availing to commercial process. Synthesized above analysis, under the precondition of the decomposition ratio above 92%, the conditions that roasting temperature is 700℃, and CaO addition is 15%, and NaCl-CaCl2 is 10%, and roasting time is 60min are optimum.3 Conclusions(1) The process of bastnaesite decomposed by CaO-NaCl-CaCl2 divided into two stages. The first step is REFCO3 is decomposed and cerium oxyfluoride reacts with CaO to produce RE2O3 and CaF2, and cerium is oxidized in 425~485℃temperature range. The second step is that CaCO3 decomposes and rare earth further oxidizes in 610~700℃temperature range. From the analysis, it is shown that F of bastnaesite reacts with CaO to produce CaF2 in roasting process, and this reaction restrains the formation of gas phase F. At the same time, in the roasting technology of this paper that add CaO, the temperature of rare earth oxidized completely is about 300℃lower than the temperature of roast method, and it supplies basis for carrying out industrial production.(2) The relationship among decomposition ratio of bastnaesite, roasting temperature, CaO-NaCl-CaCl2 addition, and roasting time is studied by the quadratic regression orthogonal analysis, and then the regression equation is obtained. 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Roast Reaction Kinetics of Bastnasite Concentrate with Sodium Carbonate Mixture[J].Rare Metals, 1997, 16: 168-172.[15] Tu Ganfeng, Zhang Shirong, Ren Cunzhi, et al. Kinetics Model of Thermal Decomposition Reaction of Powdered Bastnaesite[J].Journal of Rare Earths, 2000, 18(1):24-26.[16] Chen Xudong, Wu Wenyuan, Sun Shunchen, et al. Study of Roasting Decomposition of Mixed Rare Earth Concentrate inCaO-NaCl[J]. Rare Earth, 2004, 25(1):32-35.论文题目，摘要，作者中文姓名：以NaCl-CaCl2为助剂CaO分解氟碳铈矿的研究边雪，吴文远，涂赣峰，常宏涛，彭可武，徐璟玉，孙树臣（东北大学，材料与冶金学院辽宁，沈阳：110004）摘要：现行分解氟碳铈矿过程中，氟以气相形式逸出，既浪费氟资源，又污染环境。