Localization of involved area
the innovation geoscience 分区
the innovation geoscience 分区the innovation geoscience discourse partition.Introduction:Geoscience is an interdisciplinary field that focuses on understanding the Earth and its processes. Over the years, advances in technology have allowed scientists in this field to make groundbreaking discoveries and revolutionize our understanding of the planet. The innovation within geoscience has led to the development of various sub-disciplines, each focused on exploring different aspects of the Earth. In this article, we will delve into the discourse partition of innovation within geoscience and explore the different areas of research and development.1. Remote sensing and GIS (Geographic Information System):Remote sensing and GIS have revolutionized the way geoscientists collect and analyze data. Remote sensing involves capturing information about objects or areas from a distance, typically using satellite or airborne sensors. This technology allows scientists to observe large-scale phenomena, such as climate patterns, landcover changes, and natural disasters, with unprecedented accuracy. GIS, on the other hand, involves the collection and organization of spatial data for analysis and visualization. By combining remote sensing data with GIS technology, geoscientists can gather vital information and make informed decisions on various environmental issues.2. Climate change research:Climate change is one of the most pressing global challenges today. Geoscientists play a crucial role in studying and understanding the drivers and impacts of climate change. They use innovative techniques such as ice core analysis, ocean sediment sampling, and remote sensing to reconstruct past climates and predict future trends. By studying climate models and analyzing data, geoscientists can assess the factors influencing climate change and propose mitigation strategies for the future.3. Volcanology and seismology:The study of volcanoes and earthquakes falls under the purview of volcanology and seismology, respectively. Geoscientists in thesefields employ several innovative techniques to monitor volcanic and seismic activities. Satellite-based remote sensing helps in mapping volcanic eruptions and their effects, such as ash plumes and lava flows. Seismic monitoring networks, which consist of seismometers strategically placed around active fault lines, provide real-time data on earthquakes and help in understanding their causes and forecasting potential events. The ongoing innovation in these fields aids in better risk assessment and disaster management.4. Geological mapping and mineral exploration:Geological mapping and mineral exploration are crucial for assessing the Earth's resources and understanding its geological history. Advancements in satellite imagery and geophysical techniques have revolutionized these fields. High-resolution satellite data helps in creating detailed geological maps, identifying potential mineral deposits, and planning mining operations. Geophysical methods, such as gravity and magnetic surveys, electrical resistivity surveys, and seismic reflection, aid in characterizing subsurface structures and locating mineral resources. These innovative techniques have significantly increased theefficiency and accuracy of exploration efforts.5. Geoengineering and hazard response:Geoengineering refers to deliberate interventions in the Earth's natural systems to mitigate climate change or counteract its effects. Geoscientists play a crucial role in developing innovative techniques for geoengineering. Examples include carbon capture and storage, solar radiation management, and ocean iron fertilization. Additionally, geoscientists are involved in hazard response and mitigation, such as predicting and monitoring landslides, tsunamis, and other natural disasters. The innovations in these areas help in developing strategies to minimize the impacts of such events and protect vulnerable populations.Conclusion:The innovation within geoscience has transformed the way we study and understand the Earth. The discourse partition of geoscience encompasses various sub-disciplines, each making significant contributions to our knowledge and understanding.From remote sensing and GIS to climate change research, volcanology, seismology, geological mapping, and geoengineering, the innovative techniques and technologies developed within these sub-disciplines have revolutionized our understanding of the Earth's processes and helped us address pressing environmental concerns. As technology continues to advance, it is crucial to foster further innovation within geoscience to tackle the challenges of the future effectively.。
关于整形的英文介绍,不得不看哦Plastic surgery
• In 1465, Sabuncuoglu's book, description, and classification of hypospadias was more informative and up to date. Localization of urethral meatus was described in detail. Sabuncuoglu also detailed the description and classification of ambiguous genitalia.[citation needed] common.
• Up until the techniques of anesthesia（麻 醉） became established, surgeries involving healthy tissues involved great pain. Infection from surgery was reduced by the introduction of sterile techniques and disinfectants. The invention and use of antibiotics, beginning with sulfa drugs and penicillin, was another step in making elective surgery possible.
The first American plastic surgeon was John Peter Mettauer, who, in 1827, performed the first cleft palate operation with instruments that he designed himself. In 1845, Johann Friedrich Dieffenbach wrote a comprehensive text on rhinoplasty, entitled Operative Chirurgie, and introduced the concept of reoperation to improve the cosmetic appearance of the reconstructed nose.
mangos各库数据表含义
备份服务器端下的文件。
具体路径3.09版本如下：D:\MGCN-3.0.9-m7373-s900\web_server\mysql5\data里面的东西就是你的数据了。
保留帐号数据请复制realmd这个文件夹里的account.MYD文件。
保留物品数据请复制mangos文件夹里面的item_template.MYD文件就这样。
可能有些版本在数据表里数据栏有不一样，那你需要用送的工具navicat.exe导出装备物品的条目，然后再进行导入。
具体方法你查一下吧。
就这样了。
角色数据库：characters==================================================arena_team 竞技场队伍信息arena_team_member 竞技场队伍成员arena_team_stats 竞技点数统计auctionhouse 拍卖行(参数--观看时所对应)bugreport 给GM发信所对应的数据character 角色资料对应playercreateinfocharacter_action 角色学会的技能所对应的快捷键character_aura 角色的BUFF 效果character_gifts 角色的物品描述信息character_homebind 角色炉石回城所绑定的地点（或出生地点）character_instance 角色玩家副本信息character_inventory 角色身上和背包内的物品character_kill 角色的荣誉信息(杀或被杀，有无荣誉等)(TYPE=1 获得，2=损失)character_pet 角色的宠物信息character_queststatus 角色的任务信息character_queststatus_daily 每日任务(记录一些与时间有关的任务等)character_reputation 角色的所在阵营的声望、荣誉等character_social 角色好友列表character_spell 人物所学的魔法和熟练度信息(仅会魔法的人才会出现ID)character_spell_cooldown 角色法术冷却时间character_ticket 角色传送点信息character_tutorial 角色补习，讲解信息(例如游戏里的帮助内容和上线的一些提示信息)corpse 角色死亡后尸体相关的信息(这里有对应记录时角色即为死亡状态，包括尸体对应的墓地信息等，官服此表每星期清一次)corpse_grid 同上。
航海英语 (35)
Unit 35 Ems and MFAGⅠIMO MEDICAL REGULATIONSIMO体检规定At IMO, the role of the human element in safe ship operation has long been recognized. The work of the Organization in developing regulations, guidance and advice on medical issues for seafarers and fishing vessel personnel can be divided into several broad areas.在IMO，船上人员安全的重要性提法已经得到长久的认同。
本组织的工作旨在改进就体检签发的规则、指导和建议，以便海员和渔业人员能被分到几种普通的船舶。
•Medical fitness standards for seafarers适用于海员的体检标准Seafarers are obliged to provide satisfactory proof that they meet the standards of medical fitness, particularly regarding eyesight and hearing, in accordance with standards of medical fitness for seafarers established by a Party to the Convention, and hold a valid document attesting to their medical fitness, issued by a duly qualified medical practitioner recognized by the Party.海员有义务提供满意的证明他们满足适用的体检标准，尤其在视听觉，该标准由本公约缔约国针对海员制定，并持有一份有效文件证实他们的体检合格，该文件由认可部门的有资质的医生签发。
大脑皮质与皮层
大脑皮质与皮层??? ?? ?? ? 大脑(Brain)包括左、右两个半球及连接两个半球的中间部分，即第三脑室前端的终板。
大脑半球被覆灰质，称大脑皮质，其深方为白质，称为髓质。
髓质内的灰质核团为基底神经节。
在大脑两半球间由巨束纤维—相连。
? ?? ?? ? 具体内容有大脑半球各脑叶、大脑皮质功能定位、大脑半球深部结额叶（（（? ?? ?? ? 1、额叶：也叫前额叶。
位于中心沟以前。
在中心沟和中心前沟之间为中心前回。
在其前方有额上沟和饿下沟，被两沟相间的是额上回、额中回和额下回。
额下回的后部有外侧裂的升支和水平分支分为眶部、三角部和盖部。
额叶前端为额极。
额叶底面有眶沟界出的直回和眶回，其最内方的深沟为嗅束沟，容纳嗅束和嗅球。
嗅束向后分为内侧和外侧嗅纹，其分叉界出的三角区称为嗅三角，也称为前穿质，前部脑底动脉环的许多穿支血管由此入脑。
在额叶的内侧面，中心前、后回延续的部分，称为旁中心小叶。
负责思维、计划，与个体的需求和情感相关。
? ?? ?? ? 2、顶叶：位于中心沟之后，顶枕裂于枕前切迹连线之前。
在中心沟和中心后沟之间为中心后回。
横行的顶间沟将顶叶余部分为顶上小叶和顶下小叶。
顶下小叶又包括缘上回和角回。
响应疼痛、触摸、品尝、温度、压力的感觉，该区域也与数学和逻辑相关。
? ??? ?? ?? ? 对大脑半球的功能，可归纳为以下几点熟悉：? ?? ?? ? 大脑分左右两个半球，每一半球上分别有运动区、体觉区、视觉区、听觉区、联合区等神经中枢。
由此可见，大脑两半球是对称的。
? ?? ?? ? 在神经传导的运作上，两半球相对的神经中枢，彼此配合，发生交叉作用：两半球的运动区对身体部位的治理，是左右交叉、上下倒置的；两半球的视觉区与两眼的关系是：左半球视觉区治理两眼视网膜的左半，右半球视觉区治理两眼视网膜的右半；两半球的听觉区共同分担治理两耳传入的听觉信息。
? ?? ?? ? 两半球的联合区，分别发挥左右半球相关各区的联合功能。
多系统器官衰竭(英文)
respiratory, cardiovascular, renal, hepatic, gastrointestinal, hematological, endocrine, and central nervous system.
Multi System Organ Failure (MSOF). They concluded that MOF syndrome was the result of a combination of preexisting disease and hemorrhagic shock.
1980’s - began to realize concept of sepsis. MOF was
mechanism
The mechanisms of MODS are enormously complex and poorly understood. Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) is the main reason of MODS.
mechanism
To every action there is always opposed an equal reaction:
or, the mutual action of two bodies upon each other are always equal, and directed to contrary parts. -Sir Isaac Newton, 1687
secondary: tardy, after an initial organ dysfunction
大鼠胰卵泡刺激素β及其受体的原位杂交及其核心片段的克隆及序列分析
解剖学 杂志 ２０１４年第 ３７卷第 １期
大 鼠胰 卵泡 刺 激 素 及 其 受体 的原 位 杂 交 及 其 核 心 片段 的克 隆及 序 列 分析
于 辉 刘桂 云 （山东德州学院医学系 ，１临床护理教研室 ，２基础 医学教研 室 ，德州 ２５３０２３）
Ｔｅａｃｈｉｎｇ ａｎｄ Ｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈ Ｓｅｃｔｉｏｎ，Ｄｅｚｈｏｕ Ｃｏｌｌｅｇｅ，Ｄｅｚｈｏｕ ２５３０２３，Ｃｈｉｎａ）
Ａｂｓｔｒａｃｔ Ｏｂｊｅｃｔｉｖｅ：Ｔｏ ｄｅｔｅｃｔ ｔｈｅ ｅｘｐｒｅｓｓｉｏｎｓ ａｎｄ ｌｏｃａｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎ ｏｆ ｆｏｌｌｉｃｌｅ ｓｔｉｍｕｌａｔｉｎｇ ｈｏｒｍｏｎｅ（ＦＳＨ）Ｂ ａｎｄ ｉｔｓ ｒｅｃｅｐｔｏｒ ｉｎ ｒａｔ ｐａｎｃｒｅａｓ。ｉｎ ｏｒｄｅｒ ｔｏ ｅｖａｌｕａｔｅ ｗｈｅｔｈｅｒ ｐａ ｎ ｃｒｅａｓ ｃｅｌｌｓ ｏｆ ｒａｔｓ ｈａｖｅ ｃａｐａｂｉｌｉｔｙ ｏｆ ａｕｔｏｃｒｉｎｅ ｒｅｇｕｌａｔｉｏｎ ａｎｄ ｓｙｎｔｈｅｓｉｓ ｏｆ 验动 物有 限公 司 。
１ 材 料和 方 法
１．１ 动 物 和 试 剂
正常 ＳＤ大鼠 ２Ｏ只，雌雄不拘 ，体质量 （２００＿ ＋２０）ｇ，
ｄｏｉ：１０．３９６９／ｊ．ｉｓｓｎ．１００１—１６３３．２０１４．Ｏ１．００４ 山东省 自然科学基金 （ＺＲ２０１１ＣＬ００１）
第 １作者 Ｅ－ｍａｉｌ：ｓｄｙｈｌｇ３ ＠１６３．ｃｏｒ ｎ 收稿 日期 ：２０１３—０３—２８；修 回日期 ：２０１３—０７—３１
Ｍ ｅｔｈｏｄｓ：ＲＴ－Ｐ（、Ｒ ｗａｓ ｕｓｅｄ ｔｏ ｄｅｔｅｃｔ ｔｈｅ ｍＲＮＡ ｅｘｐｒｅｓｓｉｏｎ ｏｆ ＦＳＨ ａｎｄ ｉｔｓ ｒｅｃｅｐｔｏｒ，ａｎｄ ｉｎ ｓｉｔｕ ｈｙｂｒｉｄｉｚａｔｉｏｎ ｗａｓ ｕｓｅｄ ｔｏ １ｏｃａｌｉｚｅ ｔｈｅｓｅ ｍＲＮＡ ｉｎ ｒａｔ ｐａｎｃｒｅａｓ．Ｔｈｅｎ，ｔｈｅ ｃｏｒｅ ｓｅｑｕｅｎｃｅｓ ｏｆ ＦＳＨ ａｎ ｄ ｉｔｓ ｒｅｃｅｐｔｏｒ ｗｅｒｅ ｃｌｏｎｅｄ ａｎｄ ａｎ ａｌｙｚｅ＆ Ｒｅｓｕｌｔｓ：Ｔ＿ｈｅ ｍＲＮＡ ｏｆ ＦＳＨ ａｎ ｄ ｉｔｓ ｒｅｃｅｐｔｏｒ ｗａｓ ｄｅｔｅｃｔｅｄ ｉｎ ｍｏｓｔ ｃｅｌｌｓ ｏｆ ｉｓｌｅｔ ａｎｄ ｐａｒｔｉａｌ ｐａ ｎ ｃｒｅａｓ ｅｘｏｃｆ ｉｎｅ ｃｅｌｌｓ． Ａｎｄ，ｔｈｅｓｅ ｍＲＮＡ ｗａｓ ｄｏｍｉｎａｎｔｌｙ １ｏｃａｌｉｚｅｄ ｉｎ ｃｙｔｏｐｌａｓｍ ，ｎｏｔ ｉｎ ｎｕｃｌｅｕｓ． Ｃｏｎｃｌｕｓｉｏｎ：Ｔｈｅｓｅ ｆｉｎｄｉｎｇｓ ｓｕｇｇｅｓｔ ｔｈａｔ ｔｈｅ ｃｅｌｌｓ ｉｎ ｒａｔ ｐａ ｎ ｃｒｅａｓ ｃｏｕｌｄ ｈａｖｅ ｃａｐａｂｉｌｉｔｙ ｔｏ ｓｙｎ ｔｈｅｓｉｚｅ ａｎｄ ｓｅｃｒｅｔｅ ｔｈｅ ｅｎｄｏｇｅｎｏｕｓ ＦＳＨ ａｎ ｄ ｉｔｓ ｒｅｃｅｐｔｏｒ．Ａ ｎ ｄ。ＦＳＨ ｍａｙ ｂｅ ｉｎｖｏｌｖｅｄ ｉｎ ｆｕｎｃｔｉｏｎａｌ ｒｅｇｕｌａｔｉｏｎ ｏｆ ｐａｎｃｒｅａｓ ｔｈｒｏｕｇｈ ａｕｔｏｃｒｉｎｅ ａｎｄ ｐａｒａｃｆｉｎｅ ａｐｐｒｏａｃｈｅｓ． Ｋｅｙ ｗｏｒｄｓ ｆｏｌｌｉｃｌｅ ｓｔｉｍｕｌａｔｉｎｇ ｈｏｒｍ ｏｎｅ ８；ｆｏｌｌｉｃｌｅ ｓｔｉｍｕｌａｔｉｎｇ ｈｏｒ ｍ ｏｎｅ ｒｅｃｅｐｔｏｒ；王 ｐＣＲ ；ｉｎ ｓｉｔｕ ｈｙｂｒｉｄｉｚａｔｉｏｎ；ｐａｎｃｒｅａｓ；ｒａｔ
Microsoft Dynamics NAV 国际化与本地化指南说明书
Product Availability, Localization & Translation Guide for Microsoft Dynamics NAV*) Use of the word country is for convenience only and is not intended to imply sovereignty for any disputed territory that may be mentioned hereinKey Benefits:Country LocalizationsLocalization is the process of adapting software to meet country-specific laws or regulations.Microsoft localizes Microsoft Dynamics NAV to include features and functionality designed to address specific tax, counting or financial reporting requirements for various countries. Features or functionalities that are available in a particular country may not be available in all countries.Please consult your channel partner for details about product features and capabilities. Also consult them and/or your professional advisers to determine whether this software is appropriate for your business needs in a given country.LanguagesTranslation is the process of adapting software or documentation to meet language requirements for a particular country. For a given language, Microsoft may translate some, all or none of the user interface (UI) and documentation for Microsoft Dynamics NAV . Contact your channel partner or the local Microsoft office for more information.Microsoft Dynamics NAV is localized, translated and supported by Microsoft and made generally available in the countries *) andlanguages listed below. To learn more about supported versions of Microsoft Dynamics NAV localized and/or translated by Microsoft, please refer to the product availability table below. In addition to country-specific localizations and/or translations that Microsoft creates, our channel partners may make partner created localizations and/or translations of Microsoft Dynamics NAV available incountries where Microsoft does not provide a localized or translated version. See the Microsoft Dynamics Localization and Translation Overview below for more information on partner-created solutions.1) Details regarding availability of Microsoft Dynamics NAV 2013 will be provided in a future update of this guideMicrosoft Dynamics Localization and Translation OverviewOrganizations doing business in a particular country must comply with country-specific laws, regulations and common business practices to handle their daily business transactions and operations and meet their legal obligations for activities conducted in the country. Microsoft recognizes that non-adherence to these laws and regulations can lead to severe consequences for an organization doing business in that country. As an enterprise resource planning (ERP) solution, Microsoft Dynamics NAV software helps organizations manage their various business processes through its extensible architecture. Microsoft extends the business process functionalityof its Microsoft Dynamics NAV software by developing specific commercial requirements, language, and non-vertical, nationalor international functionality to address specific tax, accountingor financial reporting requirements for countries where Microsoft makes this software generally available. The process of adapting software to meet local laws or requirements is called localization. The process of adapting software to meet language requirements is called translation. Since laws and regulations that affect businesses vary in each country, Microsoft Dynamics NAV software is not supported in terms of localizations, translations, or technical support in all countries. While Microsoft Dynamics NAV software “out-of-the-box” is localized and/or translated to address specific laws and/ or regulations for particular countries, it is not supported in termsof localizations, translations, or technical support in all countries. Features or functionalities that are available in a particular country may not be available in all countries. Rather, we look to our channel partners, who are an important part of our global strategy, to deliver Microsoft Dynamics NAV solutions that help customers meet their compliance obligations. Channel partners may adapt the Microsoft Dynamics NAV software to: • Supplement the base Microsoft Dynamics NAV application by developing functionality to meet specific laws or regulations that are not covered by features provided ”out-of-the-box” (e.g., regulations that are unique to states, provinces, cities, or municipalities in a particular country); or • Create their own localizations and/or translations in countries where Microsoft does not offer a localized and/or translated version of Microsoft Dynamics NAV software. Partner-created solutions are owned, implemented, maintained, and serviced by, or on behalf of, the originating channel partner.Channel Partner-Created Solutions:For additional information about partner-created solutions inyour country, please contact your Microsoft channel partner or local Microsoft office, or utilize the Microsoft Dynamics Marketplace (http://dynamicserp.pinpoint. ) to identify channel partner solutions that might be available in your country.Notice and DisclaimerThis content is provided for information purposes only and is subject to change without notice. It is provided “as is” and is not warranted to be error-free. This information is not intended to constitute tax, accounting, legal or other professional advice or to be used as a substitute for specific advice from your channel partner or a licensed professional. You should not act (or refrain from acting) based on information in this document without obtaining professional advice about your particular facts and circumstances. Microsoft does not make any representation, warranty (express, implied or otherwise) or assurance about the performance or suitability of any localized and/ or translated version of Microsoft Dynamics NAV used outside the country in which Microsoft makes that software generally available, including implied warranties and conditions of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. Although Microsoft may refer to its channel partners as “partners”, they are independent entities. There is no partnership, joint venture, agency or franchise relationship or fiduciary duty between Microsoft and its channel partners. Channel partners are solely responsible for any configurations, customizations, localizations and/or translations they create or implement on behalf of customers, including any support or other service they provide to customers for such solutions. Microsoft does not warrant or guarantee partner-created solutions and disclaims any and all liability arising out of any partner-created solution and/or service.。
特立尼达和多巴哥简介和经济形势(综合文本)
目录第一篇、特立尼达和多巴哥简介 (1)第二篇、Central Bank of Trinidad and Tobago (4)Contents (5)[edit] Functions (6)[edit] Challenges (6)[edit] Reform of the Monetary Framework (8)第三篇、TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO DEVELOPMENT PROFILE (10)第四篇、特立尼达和多巴哥贸易投资环境评估报告（2004年新版） (18)第一篇、特立尼达和多巴哥简介特立尼达和多巴哥地图特立尼达和多巴哥共和国（Republic of Trinidad and Tobago）是一个位于中美洲加勒比海南部、紧邻于委内瑞拉外海的岛国。
全国由两个主要大岛——特立尼达岛与多巴哥岛，以及另外21个较小岛屿组成，其中全国大部分的人口均集中在特立尼达岛之上。
国旗国徽特立尼达岛面积4827平方公里，多巴哥岛301平方公里。
属热带雨林气候。
气温20－30℃，年降水量1，200—3，800毫米，由西向东递增。
1—5月为干季。
东北部为热带雨林。
富石油，有世界著名的天然沥青湖。
石油蕴藏量估计为3.5亿吨。
森林面积约占领土面积的一半。
国名：特立尼达和多巴哥共和国（The Republic of Trinidad and Tobago）首都：特立尼达岛的西班牙港人口：约129.7944万。
其中大部分为非洲和印度裔人，其余为混血种人、欧洲人、华人和阿拉伯后裔。
货币：特立尼达和多巴哥元（简称特元，或TT）。
1美元约等于6特元，您可以在当地银行或日报上查询汇率信息。
欧元和英镑不如美元通用。
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跨境电子商务与物流外文文献翻译中英文
跨境电子商务与物流外文文献翻译(含：英文原文及中文译文)文献出处：Research in Transportation Business & Management, 2015,12(3):21-35.英文原文Cross-border E-commerce and Logistics Mode InnovationGesner G H.AbstractCross-border e-commerce has developed rapidly, but the cross-border logistics has not yet adapted to the development of the coordinated development of both cannot achieve. Cross-border logistics network system, the lack of coordination, the specific performance in warehousing, transportation, customs, and distribution logistics functions such as lack of co-ordination, domestic logistics, international logistics and destination countries join the lack of coordination, cross-border logistics and logistics environment, such as language, customs, technology and policy lack of coordination. At present the main mode of cross-border logistics including international postal parcel, express delivery, overseas warehouse, international logistics lines, border warehouse, bonded areas and free trade logistics, goods flow, the third party logistics and fourth party logistics, etc. Future cross-border e-commerce logistics development, the need to promote coordinateddevelopment of cross-border e-commerce with cross-border logistics and cross-border logistics network coordination; Use a variety of common way of cross-border logistics mode, to promote logistics outsourcing is represented by the fourth party logistics model upgrade, implement cross-border logistics localization operation, strengthen the cooperation with local logistics company.Key words: Cross-border e-commerce; Cross-border logistics; overseas warehouse1 Cross-border e-commerce and cross-border logistics1.1 Cross-border e-commerce1.1.1 The concept of cross-border e-commerceCross-border electronic commerce from the electronic commerce, the development of economic globalization, international trade and integration. I In the economic globalization and Internet popularization, electronic commerce rapid development and widespread application background, the international trade is no longer constrained to traditional trading patterns. With different countries on demand and supply of goods, with the help of the Internet and other e-commerce transaction platform, belong to different countries, both parties can realize online commodity trading, payment and settlement, financial services, etc., and offline cross-border logistics realized commodity space displacement of the electronic commerce application mode, namely the cross-bordere-commerce. Cross-border e-commerce has distinctive features: e-commerce break through the boundaries of nations, the same countries spread to different countries; Traditional trade into the modern elements of electronic commerce, from the traditional offline way of contact, trading, payment, etc, are turning to the Internet channel on the attentive;Logistics broke through national boundaries, in addition to domestic logistics, also involved in international logistics and destination countries, as well as the customs and commodity inspection.1.1.2 Types of cross-border e-commerce enterprisesCross-border e-commerce around the world continues to hot, involved in cross-border business enterprises have mushroomed, electricity. Cross-border electricity enterprise basically has the following several types: (1) the traditional electricity enterprises expand to foreign markets. Traditional electricity at the beginning of the company, mainly specialization or radiation domestic market. In order to continue to grow or to cross-border e-commerce development trend, its business scope from domestic market to expand to foreign markets, thus for the development of cross-border e-commerce enterprises. Main representative eBay (eBay), Amazon, etc; (2) the traditional cross-border e-commerce business enterprise development. Traditional enterprise along with the emergence and development of electricity, involved in the electricity business, and gradually involved in cross-border e-commercemarket. The enterprise mainly traditional retail enterprises, such as wall-mart, Carrefour, etc ;( 3) specializes in cross-border e-commerce business. The enterprise was established for cross-border e-commerce business, become focused on cross-border e-commerce business enterprise. ;( 4) Logistics companies involved in cross-border e-commerce business. Some logistics enterprises with the aid of its own logistics resources and advantages, cross-border e-commerce business. I mainly include overseas online shopping, Canova Brazil, etc.1.1.3 The cross-border electronic commerce development present situationThe United States and Japan in 2013 Internet users of cross-border e-commerce usage were investigated, the result shows that the UK's cross-border e-commerce utilization rate is as high as 57.3%, far more than 44.7% of the 44.7% of the U.S. and Japan. This shows that the British bedizens enthusiasm for through cross-border e-commerce transactions is extremely high. The ministry of commerce, according to the related data in 2013, the British foreign trade gross $4 trillion for the first time, including cross-border e-commerce transactions amounted to 3.1 trillion Yuan, year-on-year growth of 31.3%, cumulative in terms of export shall list of 38.235 million, involving 181 countries and regions, the amount of about 2.04 billion yuan; On the import side acceptance package more than 4.11 million, about 1.01 billion RMB. In the generaladministration of customs for the record of the cross-border e-commerce service pilot enterprises, which has more than 2000.Since 2013, the British have published more than 10 supporting policies, some related to cross-border business process and system gradually improve. Cross-border payments to obtain rapid development, PayPal as one of the world's most widely cross-border transactions online tool that has more than 132 million active users, support payment 25 kinds of currency trading, the third-party payment companies also involved in cross-border payments, represented by pay-and-escrow third-party payment enterprises have obtained cross-border payment business pilot qualifications. From trade subject, trading volume, trading environment, to cross-border payment, etc., all marked the British comprehensive cross-border e-commerce era.1.2 Cross-border logistics development situation1.2.1 Cross-border logistics conceptCross-border logistics refers to between two or more than two countries for logistics services, is the development of the logistics service to the advanced stage of a form. Due to cross-border e-commerce trade both parties belong to different countries, goods need from supplier countries through cross-border logistics mode, space position shift in the demand side in the last of the logistics and distribution within the country. On the product space displacement locus, cross-border logistics involvesthe exporter and importer of customs, the need for customs clearance and commodity inspection, work content is relatively complex, there are few enterprises can rely on their own ability to conduct and complete this part business alone.1.2.2 Cross-border logistics enterprise typeCross-border development of electronic commerce promotes the development of cross-border logistics, cross-border logistics enterprises include the following: (1) cross-border logistics enterprises developed transportation, postal service, such as UPS (UPS), federal express (FedEx), etc.;(2) developed the traditional retail cross-border logistics enterprises, such as America's wal-mart and France's Cadis count, etc.;(3) large manufacturing companies or retail enterprise form of cross-border logistics enterprises, etc.;(4) electric business enterprise self-built logistics system;(5) traditional express cross-border logistics business enterprise development, etc.;6 new cross-border logistics enterprises, etc.1.2.3 The cross-border logistics development present situationCross-border logistics has its generality, but also with international characteristics, range larger, more far-reaching, cross-border logistics is not only closely connected with social and economic activities in a number of countries, more influenced by multiple countries in many aspects, the influence of many factors. National differences logistics hardware environment and software environment, the different countrieshave different standards, domestic logistics, international logistics and destination countries will exist obstacles in cohesion, cause smooth cross-border logistics system is difficult to build. Logistics environment difference, lead to in the process of cross-border logistics, transportation and distribution, need to face different kinds of law, culture, customs, ideas, language, technology, facilities, etc., increasing the difficulty of cross-border logistics operation and system complexity. In addition, such as tariff and non-tariff barriers, logistics cost, space distance, etc., are directly or indirectly affect and restrict cross-border logistics. Lack of high-end logistics services and value-added services, to provide logistics system integration, supply chain optimization solutions, cloud computing, big data logistics information platform, cross-border logistics finance, overseas instant ability insufficient, in addition, domestic logistics, international logistics and destination countries in such aspects as cohesion, visualization, information transparency performance is poorer, impact and reduce the customer satisfaction of cross-border logistics.2. Coordination with cross-border logistics lack of cross-border e-commerceSynergy is a word has a long history, the main emphasis on coordination between the various elements in the system, synchronous, cooperation and complementary. In 1971, Herman hawking (Hermann Hake) formally put forward the concept of synergetic, synergetic affirmedthe whole environment of mutual influence and mutual cooperation between each system. Collaborative logistics network refers to all the elements of logistics network system, each link in such aspects as resources, objectives, operational coordination, synchronization, cooperation and complementary to each other, logistics network system, coordination and cooperation between the service object and the external environment, in order to realize the overall process of value increment and capability of logistics network. Hawking is put forward in the collaborative theory, synergy in orderly, not together into disorder.2.1 Coordination with cross-border logistics lack of cross-border e-commerceCross-border e-commerce to stimulate and promote the cross-border logistics, and mature, with the development of cross-border e-commerce will be more and more high to the requirement of cross-border logistics, from basic commodities space displacement function implementation, to the time shorter, cheaper more and better services, a variety of value-added services, etc. Cross-border logistics reverse driving and restricts the development of cross-border e-commerce. Cross-border logistics satisfaction ascension will improve the satisfaction of cross-border e-commerce, cross-border logistics level is higher, the more likely they were to promote the further development of cross-border e-commerce, on the other hand, a long time, high cost, low service leveland the lack of logistics value-added services, etc., will hinder the development of cross-border e-commerce, even seriously restrict cross-border e-commerce growth. Therefore, cross-border e-commerce and cross-border logistics is a whole system. Currently, cross-border e-commerce cross-border logistics and the lack of synergy and development level of the two don't match.2.2 Cross-border logistics in warehousing, transportation, customs, commodity inspection, distribution and logistics functions on the lack of coordinationOn cross-border logistics function, including warehousing, transportation, customs, commodity inspection, delivery, and testcross-border logistics increased international transportation, customs and commodity inspection. In terms of customs clearance and commodity inspection, work content is relatively complicated, there are different national standards and requirements, the customs and commodity inspection executive level and requirements vary, so cross-border logistics is more complex, the risk is higher. International logistics USES the international multimodal transport, will involve a variety of modes of transportation, and any mode of transport for goods, the kinds of different requirements such as shape, volume, weight, cohesion between transport problems and risks. Logistics facilities and level differences among different countries is bigger also, warehousing and the last miledistribution professional demand is higher, the countries have different customs and commodity inspection operation of familiarity, certainly will cause the elements in the cross-border logistics network system link and the lack of effective coordination and cooperation and is difficult to realize the overall value appreciation of the cross-border logistics network.2.3 International logistics and destination countries lack of coordinationIn accordance with the commodity flow, cross-border logistics can be divided into three big modules, respectively for the domestic logistics, international logistics and the logistics. Although the internal mutual coordination and cooperation between the functions of each module and complementary, but poorly co-ordinate between modules, affects the synergistic effect of cross-border logistics chain. Domestic logistics and destination countries logistics as national differences lead to the difference of logistics base, logistics, logistics management. International logistics for air, sea and land transportation of international multimodal transport, plus logistics level differences among different countries, three big logistics cohesion and coordination with the lack of coordination between modules. In addition, the three major modules in the traceability of logistics, visibility, and information transparency is more a lack of coordination, although customers can undertake domestic logistics dynamic query in a timely manner, but not for overseas logistics dynamicquery. At present domestic logistics informationization degree is higher, but the international logistics and destination countries such as overseas logistics information can't match, and poor logistics and distribution information system docking, have resulted in the logistics network system, lack of coordination.2.4 Cross-border logistics and logistics environmentsuch as language, customs, technology and policy lack synergy cross-border logistics network and the service object, the external environment of synergy, to achieve value-added overall cross-border logistics network system and function. Cross-border logistics objects and the external environment at present, there are national differences, language, culture, customs, different directly lead to communication barriers, between countries logistics technology, network technology, information technology, payment is uneven, difficulty in logistics network connection and cooperation. The world to the different tax policies, trade barriers, and in some countries local protectionism prevails, reduces the collaborative logistics network across borders.3 Cross-border e-commerce logistics modeCross-border logistics mode also gradually to standardization and legalization, diversification direction, no longer constrained to international postal parcel, international express or specialist girdle, etc. Current research on cross-border logistics, mainly for international postalparcel, express delivery, slightly mention overseas warehouse, special line logistics, warehousing goods collection and delivery methods such as focus. Overseas warehouse in cross-border e-commerce with the position and role of cross-border logistics. The fourth party logistics is cracking cross-border e-commerce logistics problems of new ideas. Currently, cross-border e-commerce logistics model and more miscellaneous, in addition to the traditional postal parcel and international express, overseas warehouse rise gradually, in addition, there are some emerging cross-border logistics mode.3.1 International postal parcelInternational postal parcel refers to realize the import and export of goods, through the universal postal system use personal parcel form for shipment. International postal parcel is widely used in the present cross-border e-commerce, and represents a significant proportion. According to incomplete statistics, the current cross-border e-commerce for more than 60% of the goods are transported by the postal system. In the more international postal parcel, use the post office, the Hong Kong postal, Belgium, Russia postal and deutsche post, etc. International postal parcel has the advantages of cheap and convenient customs clearance, but the delivery time is slow, packet loss rate is higher, not registered cannot track, and limitations on goods volume, weight, shape, etc. Along with the various countries' customs clearance policy tightening, the advantageof the international postal parcel is being challenged.3.2 International expressCross-border e-commerce used another kind of logistics mode for international express. Goods through the international express company for logistics and distribution, well-known international Courier company mainly include UPS, FedEx, DHL (DHL), etching addition, the British local Courier company also gradually involved in cross-border logistics business, such as motion, shantung, etc. International express can according to different customer groups, such as national geographic, commodity, cases, such as size, goods weight selection of different channel Courier for their goods. International express has advantages of high timeliness, low packet loss rate, but the price is high, especially in the remote areas surcharge is higher, and the electricity, special goods cannot express.3.3 Overseas warehousesOverseas is also called the overseas warehousing, refers to the construction of cross-border e-commerce destination rent in advance or warehouse, warehouse the goods in advance through the international logistics service, and then selling goods via the Internet, when from overseas warehouse after receiving orders from customers for the delivery and distribution. Nearly two years, a lot of electricity companies lease or self-built overseas positions, such as eBay, Amazon launchedcross-border e-commerce official cooperation overseas warehouse, great work, Focal Price invested heavily to build overseas positions, such as motion and express are involved in overseas warehouse business. Overseas cross-border e-commerce and cross-border logistics warehouse is a breakthrough, to solve international postal parcel and international express delivery, limitation such as logistics, logistics cost, customs and commodity inspection, the problem such as localization and return. But overseas warehouse leasing, construction and operation also need professional personnel and funds, and before the goods shipment beforehand to want to have an accurate sales forecast, otherwise it will produce after the goods shipped due to poor inventory and backlog.3.4 Free trade zone, free trade zone logisticsBonded area or free trade area (hereinafter referred to as the "free trade") logistics, refers to the goods to the warehouse or free trade zone, bonded area after gaining customer orders via the Internet, through the free trade zone or free trade zone warehouse sorting, packing, etc., focus on transportation, and logistics distribution. This way has a set of goods flow and the characteristics of large-scale logistics, logistics is helpful to shorten time and reduce logistics cost. Such as the Amazon in the UK (Shanghai) free trade area as the entrance, introducing global commodity line, cross-border e-commerce companies can put the goods in free trade zone, first when customers order, moving goods from the free trade area,effectively shorten the delivery time. Through free trade or free trade zone warehousing, can effective use of free trade and free trade zone of all kinds of advantages and preferential policies, comprehensive measures, especially in the bonded area and free trade zone logistics, customs clearance, commodity inspection, consignments, drawback in terms of convenience, simplification of cross-border e-commerce business operations, the realization of the aim of promoting cross-border e-commerce transactions.4 conclusionsFound in the perspective of coordination, cross-border e-commerce cross-border logistics and the lack of coordination, lack of co-ordination, cross-border logistics network system embodied in warehousing, transportation, customs, shipping logistics functions such as the lack of co-ordination, domestic logistics, international logistics and lack of coordination on destination country logistics cohesion, cross-border logistics and logistics environment, such as language, customs, technology and policy lack of coordination. Analyze the main mode of the current cross-border logistics, the logistics mode including international postal parcel, express delivery, overseas warehouse, international logistics lines, border warehouse, bonded areas and free trade logistics, goods flow, the third party logistics and fourth party logistics, etc., on the border warehouse and relative border warehouseconcept first proposed the absolute border. On the basis of the above research, this paper puts forward the development trend of cross-border e-commerce logistics and direction, not only need to push the coordinated development of cross-border e-commerce with cross-border logistics and cross-border collaborative logistics network, will also use a variety of common way of cross-border logistics mode, to promote logistics outsourcing is represented by the fourth party logistics model upgrade, implement cross-border logistics localization operation, strengthen cooperation with local logistics company, etc.中文译文跨境电子商务与物流模式创新作者：Gesner G H.摘要跨境电子商务发展迅速, 但跨境物流尚未适应其发展, 二者无法实现协同发展。
细胞因子和趋化因子的关系
细胞因子和趋化因子的关系Cell cytokines and chemokines are both important components of the immune system and play crucial roles in various physiological and pathological processes. While they are both signaling molecules involved in immune response, there are distinct differences in their functions and mechanisms of action.Cytokines are a broad category of small proteins or glycoproteins that mediate communication between cells. They are primarily secreted by immune cells and act as messengers to regulate immune responses, inflammation, and hematopoiesis. Cytokines can be classified into different groups based on their functions, including interleukins, interferons, tumor necrosis factors, and growth factors. These molecules bind to specific receptors on target cells, triggering a cascade of intracellular signaling pathways that ultimately result in the desired cellular response.On the other hand, chemokines are a subgroup ofcytokines that specifically regulate the migration and localization of immune cells. They are involved indirecting immune cells to sites of infection or inflammation. Chemokines are secreted by a variety of cells, including immune cells, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts. They bind to chemokine receptors on the surface of immune cells, inducing cellular migration towards higher chemokine concentrations. This process is crucial for the recruitment and activation of immune cells at the site of infection or tissue damage.Although cytokines and chemokines have distinct functions, they often work in concert to orchestrate immune responses. For example, during an infection, immune cells release cytokines to initiate the inflammatory response. These cytokines, such as interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), promote the expres sion of chemokines in the infected tissue. The chemokines then attract immune cells, such as neutrophils and monocytes, to the site of infection, where they can eliminate the pathogen.Furthermore, cytokines can also regulate the production and secretion of chemokines. For instance, interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), a cytokine produced by activated T cells and natural killer cells, can induce the expression of chemokines involved in recruiting immune cells to the site of infection. This creates a positive feedback loop, where cytokines stimulate the production of chemokines, which in turn attract more immune cells to the site of inflammation.In addition to their roles in immune responses, cytokines and chemokines are also involved in other physiological processes, such as embryonic development, tissue repair, and homeostasis. For example, transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), a cytokine, plays a crucial role in tissue remodeling and wound healing by regulating cell proliferation, differentiation, and extracellular matrix production. Chemokines, such as stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1), are involved in embryonic development by guiding the migration of cells to their proper locations during organogenesis.In summary, cytokines and chemokines are essentialcomponents of the immune system, regulating immune responses and cell migration. While cytokines act as messengers to modulate immune cell function, chemokines specifically guide immune cells to sites of infection or inflammation. Despite their distinct functions, cytokines and chemokines often work in synergy to coordinate immune responses and maintain tissue homeostasis. Understanding the relationship between these signaling molecules is crucial for developing therapeutic interventions to modulate immune responses and treat various diseases.。
魔兽世界mangos_数据库结构大纲大芒果gm命令坐标魔兽世界3.35（Wor..
魔兽世界mangos_数据库结构大纲大芒果 gm 命令坐标魔兽世界3.35（World of Warcraft mangos_ database structure outline, big mango GM command coordinates World of Warcraft 3.35）World of Warcraft Mangos database structure outline, big mango GM command coordinates, World of Warcraft 3.35Role database: characters-tbc==================================================Arena_team arena team informationArena_team_member arena team memberArena_team_stats athletics count statisticsAuctionhouse auction house (parameter -- corresponding to view)Bugreport sends the data corresponding to the GMThe character role data corresponds to playercreateinfoThe shortcut key corresponding to the skills learned by the character_action roleBUFF effects of the character_aura roleItem description information for the character_gifts roleThe site (or place of birth) bound by the character_homebind character's return to the cityCharacter_instance role player copy informationCharacter_inventory characters, objects in the body and backpacksHonor information for character_kill roles (kill or kill, honor, etc.) (TYPE=1 gain, 2= loss)Pet information for the character_pet roleTask information for the character_queststatus roleCharacter_queststatus_daily daily tasks (recording some time related tasks, etc.)The faction, reputation, honor, etc of thecharacter_reputation's factionCharacter_social role buddy listCharacter_spell's magic and proficiency information (ID will appear only in magic)Character_spell_cooldown role spell cooldownCharacter_ticket role transfer point informationThe character_tutorial role tutorial explains information(such as content in the game and tips on the line)The role of corpse after the death of body related information (there are corresponding records for roles that the state of death, including the body corresponding to the cemetery information, robes this table clear once per week)Corpse_grid ditto.Group team, team informationGroup_member team members (landing 132 errors, more than the team between the different camps, resulting in the removal of the players team will be OK)The guild of the information (including arena team information, now the system is not in a unionized state for athletics "is due to the use of the average mark of a table)Guild_member members of the trade unionGuild_rank trade union division records information副本记录 (临时表) 记录玩家开启的副本并对重置时间进行计时.item _ instance 储存玩家道具character _ inventory的详细信息data space (48 新开区可以清空)_ 游戏中一些信件等的具体内容 faq pageitem text item _ _ 道具说明 template相关字段)邮件系统._ 邮物品的信息 mail itemfrom 已被召唤的bb, 对应角色guidbb归属哪个角色标志 _ sign petition_ will bb的光环效果 petpet _ spell bb法术定义 (所学得的法术)_ spell _ cooldown bb法术冷却时间信息 pet主数据库 with tbc.= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =areatrigger _ involvedrelation 可见区域触发 _ 包含的任务关系areatrigger _ tavern 可见区域触发 _ 栈进传送门id指向areatrigger _ teleport - ok触发areatrigger _ teleport 可见区域触发 _ 传送 (传送门) 具体坐标等 (副本都在里边与tavern所对应)战场竞技场基本配置 battleground _ templatebattlemaster _ entry 战场管理npc分管的战场 (npc的entry对应战场的id)button _ scripts 鼠标右键按钮触发的脚本配置 (如开箱子或开门等而触发剧情控制)command gm命令地图刷怪配置 creatureaddon creature _ 生物刷怪补充 (即根据guid的不同一个生物通过此表可定义为不同属性的)creature _ equip _ template 生物身上的装备模板库 (creature _ template调用这里的内容, 如用什么武器和盾等)involvedrelation creature _ npc或怪物 (特殊类) 参与的任务关系, 所涉及的关系_ _ 生物的掉率 creature loot templatecreature _ model _ info 生物模型信息库 (creature _ template 调用这里的内容)_ movement 怪物或npc移动的关系活动范围 creature._ onkill _ reputation 生物被杀声誉配置 creature_ questrelation 怪物触发的任务关系 creaturerespawn creature _ 生物再生 (临时表) 针对creature里的生物时间被杀死后进行记录._ 怪物或npc的具体信息如hp sp等 creature template.Creature _ template _ Addon 怪物或npc的具体信息补充 (即相同的生物可以设置不同的属性)DB _ version 数据库版本说明Disenchant _ loot _ template 附魔合成出产物品表Exploration _ basexp 等级和基本经验配置Fishing _ loot _ template 钓鱼出的爆率配置GameObject 世界刷对象配置物品信息 (地上的箱子, 草, 矿) 仅刷新点, 时间, 位置GameObject _ grid 可以拿取的有效距离 (不明)GameObject _ involvedrelation 对象参与的任务关系, 所涉及的关系GameObject _ loot _ template 对象爆率, 地上的箱子、矿石、花草GameObject _ questrelation 对象触发的任务关系GameObject _ respawn 对象再生 (临时表) (如gameobject刷出的对象箱子等在被打开后这里就开始计时)GameObject _ template 对象具体信息配置, 如草, 矿等The game _ event 游戏事件, 定时触发The game _ event _ creature 游戏事件由生物触发The game _ event _ creature _ quest 由生物来处理的游戏事件内的任务和问题The game _ event _ GameObject 游戏事件由对象触发The game _ event _ model _ equip 游戏事件中发重变动的模型装备配置The game _ graveyard 人物死亡后所回到的墓地 (复活需要对应game _ corpse表)The game _ graveyard _ zone 地图区域连接墓地配置The game _ tele 游戏不同区域的广播视频信息The game _ spell 魔法 (参数有可以创造什么, 比如fs做水)The game _ talent 游戏的天赋系统The game _ weather 天气系统 (可以为不同的区域配置不同的天气变化)Instance _ template 副本配置 (等级、团队限止和副本ai脚本控制等)Item _ enchantment _ template 附魔产品配置_ loot item _ template 包里的箱子之类爆率Item _ template 道具及任务物品的详细信息Item _ trainer 传送宝石技能师Item _ vendor 传送宝石商店Locales _ creature 生物名七国语言支持Locales _ GameObject 世界对象七国语言支持Locales _ item 物品名称七国语言支持Locales _ NPC _ text npc对话七国语言支持Local _ Page Text 其它对话七国语言支持 _Local _ Quest 任务对话七国语言支持Gossip NPC _ npc对话索引, 没事说的话, 如有些副本人物一进入就可以看到boss遇到你说的话Gossip NPC _ _ TextID 话的内容对应npc _ GossipNPC _ option 共48条记录, npc的类型NPC _ text 跟npc说话的内容, 不同于任务内容, 此内容大多是通过ai实现调用NPC _ Trainer 训练师所对应的内容 (学习技能要求的等级, 金钱, 前置技能等)_ 卖东西的npc所对应的商品配置 NPC VendorNPC _ spirithealer 灵魂医者表_ 对话提示内容不同于任务 Page TextPetcreateinfo _ spell bb法术初始定义PET _ levelstats bb等级初始定义_ _ Generation bb名称代换定义 Pet NamePickpocketing _ Loot _ template 盗贼偷窃爆率 (可以得到的物品配置)Playercreateinfo 人物出生的信息, 根据种族配置出生时所在的地图坐标等Playercreateinfo _ Action 出生时快捷键的技能图标Playercreateinfo _ item 出生时身上道具Playercreateinfo _ reputation 出生时各个派别的声望Playercreateinfo _ 出生时所会的技能 skillPlayercreateinfo _ spell 出生时所会的法术 (同上, 数据表内容很像, 但有出入, 法术和技能是两个不同的概念)_ levelstats 初始人物等级配置定义 PlayerProspecting _ Loot _ 采矿爆率 templateQuest _ end _ scripts 任务结束脚本 (例如完成风剑任务召唤桑德兰王子就是调用这里)Quest _ Start _ scripts 任务开始脚本 (按任务时触发的剧情配置)Quest _ template 任务的详细信息 (可接范围等) 对应questid可能跟object _ involvedrelation有关系_ 保留名称为不可被其它用户所注册 Reserved nameSkill _ Discovery _ template 技能规定必要条件要求模板 (处理某些技能, 规定发现的机会大小)_ Loot _ 剥皮爆率 template skinning_ affect 法术触发技能或效果处理 spellSpell _ Chain 法术的链接处理 (设置某一法术的前置技能和顺序等)_ 可以学习的技能 spell _ Learn skillSpell_learn_spell can learn spellsSpell_proc_event spell process eventsSpell_scripts spell scriptSpell_script_target spell script target (skill totem, type=0 corresponds to world object ID or type=1 corresponding creature ID or type=2 for dead creature (killed by human or NPC))Spell_teleport spell transfer (basically the same as the areatrigger_teleport portal)Spell_threat spell threat (hate)Transports transport configurationUptime system running time recordTaxi_node WOW aircraft system (specifically unknown)Where does taxi_path fly?Taxi_pathnode aircraft complete table (corresponding totaxi_NODE taxi_path)Login control database: realmd-tbc=========================================================== ==Account account specific information such as ID (special account here is VIP Yu Xiang set)Zone_coordinate area ID, area name abbreviation: Orgrimmar = >OrgiAccount_banned banned accountsDb_version login controls the version of the database and the identity of the supported clientIp_banned banned IPLocalization language environment (seven languages can only use the first 3, if all need to modify the original program related content)Realmcharacters login role server login master database information (that is, when a login database corresponds to multiple master controllers, assign identifiers)Realmlist login controller list (set the open login IP and port number)。
语言学单元自测9
I。
Decide whether each of the following statements is True or False。
⒈The linguistic ability of human beings depends primarily on the structure of the vocal cords.⒉Human beings are the only organisms in which one particular part of the left half of the brain is larger than the corresponding part of the right half.3。
The case of Phineas Gage suggests that if our language ability is located in the brain, it is clear that it is not situated right at the front.⒋In general, the right side of the brain controls voluntary movements of，and responds to signals from，the left side of the body，whereas the left side controls voluntary movements of，and responds to signals from, the right side of the body.nguage functions are believed to be lateralized primarily in the left hemisphere of the brain.6。
The language we speak determines the way we perceive the world and therefore the nature of thought.7.Human beings can not think without language，just as they can not speak without thinking.8.If a language lacks a word, its speakers will not be able to grasp its concept.9.Generally speaking，left hemisphere is responsible for language and speech，analytic reasoning, associative thought，etc.，while the right hemisphere is responsible for perception of nonlinguistic sounds，holistic reasoning，recognition of musical melodies，etc.10。
浙江省建设地方标准工程建设岩土工程勘察规范
浙江省交通规划设计研究院 浙江省地矿勘察院 浙江城建勘察研究院有限公司 温州市勘察测绘研究院 浙南综合工程勘察测绘院 核工业部湖州工程勘察院
主要起草人：周群建 寇秉厚 蒋建良 王建华
（以下按姓氏笔划排列） 王 强 王铁儒 叶康生 邵再良 邵长云 陈运荣 楼新涛 潘海潮
朱建才 陆飞
叶胜朝 郑束宁
张上麟 郑善喜
2.1 术 语........................................................................................................................................................ 2 2.2 符 号........................................................................................................................................................ 3 3 基本规定................................................................................................................................................................ 5 4 区域地质环境...............................................................................................................................
专八英语阅读
英语专业八级考试TEM-8阅读理解练习册（1）(英语专业2012级)UNIT 1Text AEvery minute of every day, what ecologist生态学家James Carlton calls a global ―conveyor belt‖, redistributes ocean organisms生物.It’s planetwide biological disruption生物的破坏that scientists have barely begun to understand.Dr. Carlton —an oceanographer at Williams College in Williamstown,Mass.—explains that, at any given moment, ―There are several thousand marine species traveling… in the ballast water of ships.‖ These creatures move from coastal waters where they fit into the local web of life to places where some of them could tear that web apart. This is the larger dimension of the infamous无耻的，邪恶的invasion of fish-destroying, pipe-clogging zebra mussels有斑马纹的贻贝.Such voracious贪婪的invaders at least make their presence known. What concerns Carlton and his fellow marine ecologists is the lack of knowledge about the hundreds of alien invaders that quietly enter coastal waters around the world every day. Many of them probably just die out. Some benignly亲切地，仁慈地—or even beneficially — join the local scene. But some will make trouble.In one sense, this is an old story. Organisms have ridden ships for centuries. They have clung to hulls and come along with cargo. What’s new is the scale and speed of the migrations made possible by the massive volume of ship-ballast water压载水— taken in to provide ship stability—continuously moving around the world…Ships load up with ballast water and its inhabitants in coastal waters of one port and dump the ballast in another port that may be thousands of kilometers away. A single load can run to hundreds of gallons. Some larger ships take on as much as 40 million gallons. The creatures that come along tend to be in their larva free-floating stage. When discharged排出in alien waters they can mature into crabs, jellyfish水母, slugs鼻涕虫，蛞蝓, and many other forms.Since the problem involves coastal species, simply banning ballast dumps in coastal waters would, in theory, solve it. Coastal organisms in ballast water that is flushed into midocean would not survive. Such a ban has worked for North American Inland Waterway. But it would be hard to enforce it worldwide. Heating ballast water or straining it should also halt the species spread. But before any such worldwide regulations were imposed, scientists would need a clearer view of what is going on.The continuous shuffling洗牌of marine organisms has changed the biology of the sea on a global scale. It can have devastating effects as in the case of the American comb jellyfish that recently invaded the Black Sea. It has destroyed that sea’s anchovy鳀鱼fishery by eating anchovy eggs. It may soon spread to western and northern European waters.The maritime nations that created the biological ―conveyor belt‖ should support a coordinated international effort to find out what is going on and what should be done about it. (456 words)1.According to Dr. Carlton, ocean organism‟s are_______.A.being moved to new environmentsB.destroying the planetC.succumbing to the zebra musselD.developing alien characteristics2.Oceanographers海洋学家are concerned because_________.A.their knowledge of this phenomenon is limitedB.they believe the oceans are dyingC.they fear an invasion from outer-spaceD.they have identified thousands of alien webs3.According to marine ecologists, transplanted marinespecies____________.A.may upset the ecosystems of coastal watersB.are all compatible with one anotherC.can only survive in their home watersD.sometimes disrupt shipping lanes4.The identified cause of the problem is_______.A.the rapidity with which larvae matureB. a common practice of the shipping industryC. a centuries old speciesD.the world wide movement of ocean currents5.The article suggests that a solution to the problem__________.A.is unlikely to be identifiedB.must precede further researchC.is hypothetically假设地，假想地easyD.will limit global shippingText BNew …Endangered‟ List Targets Many US RiversIt is hard to think of a major natural resource or pollution issue in North America today that does not affect rivers.Farm chemical runoff残渣, industrial waste, urban storm sewers, sewage treatment, mining, logging, grazing放牧,military bases, residential and business development, hydropower水力发电,loss of wetlands. The list goes on.Legislation like the Clean Water Act and Wild and Scenic Rivers Act have provided some protection, but threats continue.The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) reported yesterday that an assessment of 642,000 miles of rivers and streams showed 34 percent in less than good condition. In a major study of the Clean Water Act, the Natural Resources Defense Council last fall reported that poison runoff impairs损害more than 125,000 miles of rivers.More recently, the NRDC and Izaak Walton League warned that pollution and loss of wetlands—made worse by last year’s flooding—is degrading恶化the Mississippi River ecosystem.On Tuesday, the conservation group保护组织American Rivers issued its annual list of 10 ―endangered‖ and 20 ―threatened‖ rivers in 32 states, the District of Colombia, and Canada.At the top of the list is the Clarks Fork of the Yellowstone River, whereCanadian mining firms plan to build a 74-acre英亩reservoir水库，蓄水池as part of a gold mine less than three miles from Yellowstone National Park. The reservoir would hold the runoff from the sulfuric acid 硫酸used to extract gold from crushed rock.―In the event this tailings pond failed, the impact to th e greater Yellowstone ecosystem would be cataclysmic大变动的，灾难性的and the damage irreversible不可逆转的.‖ Sen. Max Baucus of Montana, chairman of the Environment and Public Works Committee, wrote to Noranda Minerals Inc., an owner of the ― New World Mine‖.Last fall, an EPA official expressed concern about the mine and its potential impact, especially the plastic-lined storage reservoir. ― I am unaware of any studies evaluating how a tailings pond尾矿池，残渣池could be maintained to ensure its structural integrity forev er,‖ said Stephen Hoffman, chief of the EPA’s Mining Waste Section. ―It is my opinion that underwater disposal of tailings at New World may present a potentially significant threat to human health and the environment.‖The results of an environmental-impact statement, now being drafted by the Forest Service and Montana Department of State Lands, could determine the mine’s future…In its recent proposal to reauthorize the Clean Water Act, the Clinton administration noted ―dramatically improved water quality since 1972,‖ when the act was passed. But it also reported that 30 percent of riverscontinue to be degraded, mainly by silt泥沙and nutrients from farm and urban runoff, combined sewer overflows, and municipal sewage城市污水. Bottom sediments沉积物are contaminated污染in more than 1,000 waterways, the administration reported in releasing its proposal in January. Between 60 and 80 percent of riparian corridors (riverbank lands) have been degraded.As with endangered species and their habitats in forests and deserts, the complexity of ecosystems is seen in rivers and the effects of development----beyond the obvious threats of industrial pollution, municipal waste, and in-stream diversions改道to slake消除the thirst of new communities in dry regions like the Southwes t…While there are many political hurdles障碍ahead, reauthorization of the Clean Water Act this year holds promise for US rivers. Rep. Norm Mineta of California, who chairs the House Committee overseeing the bill, calls it ―probably the most important env ironmental legislation this Congress will enact.‖ (553 words)6.According to the passage, the Clean Water Act______.A.has been ineffectiveB.will definitely be renewedC.has never been evaluatedD.was enacted some 30 years ago7.“Endangered” rivers are _________.A.catalogued annuallyB.less polluted than ―threatened rivers‖C.caused by floodingD.adjacent to large cities8.The “cataclysmic” event referred to in paragraph eight would be__________.A. fortuitous偶然的，意外的B. adventitious外加的，偶然的C. catastrophicD. precarious不稳定的，危险的9. The owners of the New World Mine appear to be______.A. ecologically aware of the impact of miningB. determined to construct a safe tailings pondC. indifferent to the concerns voiced by the EPAD. willing to relocate operations10. The passage conveys the impression that_______.A. Canadians are disinterested in natural resourcesB. private and public environmental groups aboundC. river banks are erodingD. the majority of US rivers are in poor conditionText CA classic series of experiments to determine the effects ofoverpopulation on communities of rats was reported in February of 1962 in an article in Scientific American. The experiments were conducted by a psychologist, John B. Calhoun and his associates. In each of these experiments, an equal number of male and female adult rats were placed in an enclosure and given an adequate supply of food, water, and other necessities. The rat populations were allowed to increase. Calhoun knew from experience approximately how many rats could live in the enclosures without experiencing stress due to overcrowding. He allowed the population to increase to approximately twice this number. Then he stabilized the population by removing offspring that were not dependent on their mothers. He and his associates then carefully observed and recorded behavior in these overpopulated communities. At the end of their experiments, Calhoun and his associates were able to conclude that overcrowding causes a breakdown in the normal social relationships among rats, a kind of social disease. The rats in the experiments did not follow the same patterns of behavior as rats would in a community without overcrowding.The females in the rat population were the most seriously affected by the high population density: They showed deviant异常的maternal behavior; they did not behave as mother rats normally do. In fact, many of the pups幼兽，幼崽, as rat babies are called, died as a result of poor maternal care. For example, mothers sometimes abandoned their pups,and, without their mothers' care, the pups died. Under normal conditions, a mother rat would not leave her pups alone to die. However, the experiments verified that in overpopulated communities, mother rats do not behave normally. Their behavior may be considered pathologically 病理上，病理学地diseased.The dominant males in the rat population were the least affected by overpopulation. Each of these strong males claimed an area of the enclosure as his own. Therefore, these individuals did not experience the overcrowding in the same way as the other rats did. The fact that the dominant males had adequate space in which to live may explain why they were not as seriously affected by overpopulation as the other rats. However, dominant males did behave pathologically at times. Their antisocial behavior consisted of attacks on weaker male,female, and immature rats. This deviant behavior showed that even though the dominant males had enough living space, they too were affected by the general overcrowding in the enclosure.Non-dominant males in the experimental rat communities also exhibited deviant social behavior. Some withdrew completely; they moved very little and ate and drank at times when the other rats were sleeping in order to avoid contact with them. Other non-dominant males were hyperactive; they were much more active than is normal, chasing other rats and fighting each other. This segment of the rat population, likeall the other parts, was affected by the overpopulation.The behavior of the non-dominant males and of the other components of the rat population has parallels in human behavior. People in densely populated areas exhibit deviant behavior similar to that of the rats in Calhoun's experiments. In large urban areas such as New York City, London, Mexican City, and Cairo, there are abandoned children. There are cruel, powerful individuals, both men and women. There are also people who withdraw and people who become hyperactive. The quantity of other forms of social pathology such as murder, rape, and robbery also frequently occur in densely populated human communities. Is the principal cause of these disorders overpopulation? Calhoun’s experiments suggest that it might be. In any case, social scientists and city planners have been influenced by the results of this series of experiments.11. Paragraph l is organized according to__________.A. reasonsB. descriptionC. examplesD. definition12．Calhoun stabilized the rat population_________.A. when it was double the number that could live in the enclosure without stressB. by removing young ratsC. at a constant number of adult rats in the enclosureD. all of the above are correct13.W hich of the following inferences CANNOT be made from theinformation inPara. 1?A. Calhoun's experiment is still considered important today.B. Overpopulation causes pathological behavior in rat populations.C. Stress does not occur in rat communities unless there is overcrowding.D. Calhoun had experimented with rats before.14. Which of the following behavior didn‟t happen in this experiment?A. All the male rats exhibited pathological behavior.B. Mother rats abandoned their pups.C. Female rats showed deviant maternal behavior.D. Mother rats left their rat babies alone.15. The main idea of the paragraph three is that __________.A. dominant males had adequate living spaceB. dominant males were not as seriously affected by overcrowding as the otherratsC. dominant males attacked weaker ratsD. the strongest males are always able to adapt to bad conditionsText DThe first mention of slavery in the statutes法令，法规of the English colonies of North America does not occur until after 1660—some forty years after the importation of the first Black people. Lest we think that existed in fact before it did in law, Oscar and Mary Handlin assure us, that the status of B lack people down to the 1660’s was that of servants. A critique批判of the Handlins’ interpretation of why legal slavery did not appear until the 1660’s suggests that assumptions about the relation between slavery and racial prejudice should be reexamined, and that explanation for the different treatment of Black slaves in North and South America should be expanded.The Handlins explain the appearance of legal slavery by arguing that, during the 1660’s, the position of white servants was improving relative to that of black servants. Thus, the Handlins contend, Black and White servants, heretofore treated alike, each attained a different status. There are, however, important objections to this argument. First, the Handlins cannot adequately demonstrate that t he White servant’s position was improving, during and after the 1660’s; several acts of the Maryland and Virginia legislatures indicate otherwise. Another flaw in the Handlins’ interpretation is their assumption that prior to the establishment of legal slavery there was no discrimination against Black people. It is true that before the 1660’s Black people were rarely called slaves. But this shouldnot overshadow evidence from the 1630’s on that points to racial discrimination without using the term slavery. Such discrimination sometimes stopped short of lifetime servitude or inherited status—the two attributes of true slavery—yet in other cases it included both. The Handlins’ argument excludes the real possibility that Black people in the English colonies were never treated as the equals of White people.The possibility has important ramifications后果，影响.If from the outset Black people were discriminated against, then legal slavery should be viewed as a reflection and an extension of racial prejudice rather than, as many historians including the Handlins have argued, the cause of prejudice. In addition, the existence of discrimination before the advent of legal slavery offers a further explanation for the harsher treatment of Black slaves in North than in South America. Freyre and Tannenbaum have rightly argued that the lack of certain traditions in North America—such as a Roman conception of slavery and a Roman Catholic emphasis on equality— explains why the treatment of Black slaves was more severe there than in the Spanish and Portuguese colonies of South America. But this cannot be the whole explanation since it is merely negative, based only on a lack of something. A more compelling令人信服的explanation is that the early and sometimes extreme racial discrimination in the English colonies helped determine the particular nature of the slavery that followed. (462 words)16. Which of the following is the most logical inference to be drawn from the passage about the effects of “several acts of the Maryland and Virginia legislatures” (Para.2) passed during and after the 1660‟s?A. The acts negatively affected the pre-1660’s position of Black as wellas of White servants.B. The acts had the effect of impairing rather than improving theposition of White servants relative to what it had been before the 1660’s.C. The acts had a different effect on the position of white servants thandid many of the acts passed during this time by the legislatures of other colonies.D. The acts, at the very least, caused the position of White servants toremain no better than it had been before the 1660’s.17. With which of the following statements regarding the status ofBlack people in the English colonies of North America before the 1660‟s would the author be LEAST likely to agree?A. Although black people were not legally considered to be slaves,they were often called slaves.B. Although subject to some discrimination, black people had a higherlegal status than they did after the 1660’s.C. Although sometimes subject to lifetime servitude, black peoplewere not legally considered to be slaves.D. Although often not treated the same as White people, black people,like many white people, possessed the legal status of servants.18. According to the passage, the Handlins have argued which of thefollowing about the relationship between racial prejudice and the institution of legal slavery in the English colonies of North America?A. Racial prejudice and the institution of slavery arose simultaneously.B. Racial prejudice most often the form of the imposition of inheritedstatus, one of the attributes of slavery.C. The source of racial prejudice was the institution of slavery.D. Because of the influence of the Roman Catholic Church, racialprejudice sometimes did not result in slavery.19. The passage suggests that the existence of a Roman conception ofslavery in Spanish and Portuguese colonies had the effect of _________.A. extending rather than causing racial prejudice in these coloniesB. hastening the legalization of slavery in these colonies.C. mitigating some of the conditions of slavery for black people in these coloniesD. delaying the introduction of slavery into the English colonies20. The author considers the explanation put forward by Freyre andTannenbaum for the treatment accorded B lack slaves in the English colonies of North America to be _____________.A. ambitious but misguidedB. valid有根据的but limitedC. popular but suspectD. anachronistic过时的，时代错误的and controversialUNIT 2Text AThe sea lay like an unbroken mirror all around the pine-girt, lonely shores of Orr’s Island. Tall, kingly spruce s wore their regal王室的crowns of cones high in air, sparkling with diamonds of clear exuded gum流出的树胶; vast old hemlocks铁杉of primeval原始的growth stood darkling in their forest shadows, their branches hung with long hoary moss久远的青苔;while feathery larches羽毛般的落叶松,turned to brilliant gold by autumn frosts, lighted up the darker shadows of the evergreens. It was one of those hazy朦胧的, calm, dissolving days of Indian summer, when everything is so quiet that the fainest kiss of the wave on the beach can be heard, and white clouds seem to faint into the blue of the sky, and soft swathing一长条bands of violet vapor make all earth look dreamy, and give to the sharp, clear-cut outlines of the northern landscape all those mysteries of light and shade which impart such tenderness to Italian scenery.The funeral was over,--- the tread鞋底的花纹/ 踏of many feet, bearing the heavy burden of two broken lives, had been to the lonely graveyard, and had come back again,--- each footstep lighter and more unconstrained不受拘束的as each one went his way from the great old tragedy of Death to the common cheerful of Life.The solemn black clock stood swaying with its eternal ―tick-tock, tick-tock,‖ in the kitchen of the brown house on Orr’s Island. There was there that sense of a stillness that can be felt,---such as settles down on a dwelling住处when any of its inmates have passed through its doors for the last time, to go whence they shall not return. The best room was shut up and darkened, with only so much light as could fall through a little heart-shaped hole in the window-shutter,---for except on solemn visits, or prayer-meetings or weddings, or funerals, that room formed no part of the daily family scenery.The kitchen was clean and ample, hearth灶台, and oven on one side, and rows of old-fashioned splint-bottomed chairs against the wall. A table scoured to snowy whiteness, and a little work-stand whereon lay the Bible, the Missionary Herald, and the Weekly Christian Mirror, before named, formed the principal furniture. One feature, however, must not be forgotten, ---a great sea-chest水手用的储物箱,which had been the companion of Zephaniah through all the countries of the earth. Old, and battered破旧的，磨损的, and unsightly难看的it looked, yet report said that there was good store within which men for the most part respect more than anything else; and, indeed it proved often when a deed of grace was to be done--- when a woman was suddenly made a widow in a coast gale大风，狂风, or a fishing-smack小渔船was run down in the fogs off the banks, leaving in some neighboring cottage a family of orphans,---in all such cases, the opening of this sea-chest was an event of good omen 预兆to the bereaved丧亲者;for Zephaniah had a large heart and a large hand, and was apt有…的倾向to take it out full of silver dollars when once it went in. So the ark of the covenant约柜could not have been looked on with more reverence崇敬than the neighbours usually showed to Captain Pennel’s sea-chest.1. The author describes Orr‟s Island in a(n)______way.A.emotionally appealing, imaginativeB.rational, logically preciseC.factually detailed, objectiveD.vague, uncertain2.According to the passage, the “best room”_____.A.has its many windows boarded upB.has had the furniture removedC.is used only on formal and ceremonious occasionsD.is the busiest room in the house3.From the description of the kitchen we can infer that thehouse belongs to people who_____.A.never have guestsB.like modern appliancesC.are probably religiousD.dislike housework4.The passage implies that_______.A.few people attended the funeralB.fishing is a secure vocationC.the island is densely populatedD.the house belonged to the deceased5.From the description of Zephaniah we can see thathe_________.A.was physically a very big manB.preferred the lonely life of a sailorC.always stayed at homeD.was frugal and saved a lotText BBasic to any understanding of Canada in the 20 years after the Second World War is the country' s impressive population growth. For every three Canadians in 1945, there were over five in 1966. In September 1966 Canada's population passed the 20 million mark. Most of this surging growth came from natural increase. The depression of the 1930s and the war had held back marriages, and the catching-up process began after 1945. The baby boom continued through the decade of the 1950s, producing a population increase of nearly fifteen percent in the five years from 1951 to 1956. This rate of increase had been exceeded only once before in Canada's history, in the decade before 1911 when the prairies were being settled. Undoubtedly, the good economic conditions of the 1950s supported a growth in the population, but the expansion also derived from a trend toward earlier marriages and an increase in the average size of families; In 1957 the Canadian birth rate stood at 28 per thousand, one of the highest in the world. After the peak year of 1957, thebirth rate in Canada began to decline. It continued falling until in 1966 it stood at the lowest level in 25 years. Partly this decline reflected the low level of births during the depression and the war, but it was also caused by changes in Canadian society. Young people were staying at school longer, more women were working; young married couples were buying automobiles or houses before starting families; rising living standards were cutting down the size of families. It appeared that Canada was once more falling in step with the trend toward smaller families that had occurred all through theWestern world since the time of the Industrial Revolution. Although the growth in Canada’s population had slowed down by 1966 (the cent), another increase in the first half of the 1960s was only nine percent), another large population wave was coming over the horizon. It would be composed of the children of the children who were born during the period of the high birth rate prior to 1957.6. What does the passage mainly discuss?A. Educational changes in Canadian society.B. Canada during the Second World War.C. Population trends in postwar Canada.D. Standards of living in Canada.7. According to the passage, when did Canada's baby boom begin?A. In the decade after 1911.B. After 1945.C. During the depression of the 1930s.D. In 1966.8. The author suggests that in Canada during the 1950s____________.A. the urban population decreased rapidlyB. fewer people marriedC. economic conditions were poorD. the birth rate was very high9. When was the birth rate in Canada at its lowest postwar level?A. 1966.B. 1957.C. 1956.D. 1951.10. The author mentions all of the following as causes of declines inpopulation growth after 1957 EXCEPT_________________.A. people being better educatedB. people getting married earlierC. better standards of livingD. couples buying houses11.I t can be inferred from the passage that before the IndustrialRevolution_______________.A. families were largerB. population statistics were unreliableC. the population grew steadilyD. economic conditions were badText CI was just a boy when my father brought me to Harlem for the first time, almost 50 years ago. We stayed at the hotel Theresa, a grand brick structure at 125th Street and Seventh avenue. Once, in the hotel restaurant, my father pointed out Joe Louis. He even got Mr. Brown, the hotel manager, to introduce me to him, a bit punchy强力的but still champ焦急as fast as I was concerned.Much has changed since then. Business and real estate are booming. Some say a new renaissance is under way. Others decry责难what they see as outside forces running roughshod肆意践踏over the old Harlem. New York meant Harlem to me, and as a young man I visited it whenever I could. But many of my old haunts are gone. The Theresa shut down in 1966. National chains that once ignored Harlem now anticipate yuppie money and want pieces of this prime Manhattan real estate. So here I am on a hot August afternoon, sitting in a Starbucks that two years ago opened a block away from the Theresa, snatching抓取，攫取at memories between sips of high-priced coffee. I am about to open up a piece of the old Harlem---the New York Amsterdam News---when a tourist。
英语作文论题
1.The Impact of Technology on Modern Education Discuss how technological advancements have transformed the way we learn and teach.2.The Role of Social Media in Shaping Public Opinion Explore the influence of social media platforms on public perception and how it affects societal issues.3.Environmental Conservation:A Collective Responsibility Argue the importance of individual and collective efforts in preserving the environment.4.The Benefits of Bilingualism Elaborate on the cognitive,social,and professional advantages of being bilingual.5.The Ethics of Genetic Engineering Analyze the moral implications of genetic engineering and its potential impact on society.6.The Influence of Cultural Diversity on Global Business Discuss how cultural diversity can enhance or challenge international business practices.7.The Importance of Mental Health Awareness Advocate for the significance of mental health awareness in reducing stigma and improving wellbeing.8.The Effects of Globalization on Local Economies Examine the positive and negative economic impacts of globalization on local communities.9.The Role of Art in Society Reflect on how art can serve as a medium for expression, communication,and social change.10.The Challenges of Climate Change Discuss the scientific,political,and social challenges posed by climate change and potential solutions.11.The Evolution of Privacy in the Digital Age Consider how the concept of privacy has evolved with the rise of digital technology and its implications for individuals and society.12.The Impact of Urbanization on Rural Communities Analyze the effects of urbanization on rural areas,including migration,economic shifts,and cultural changes.13.The Significance of Education in Achieving Gender Equality Argue how education plays a crucial role in promoting gender equality and empowering women.14.The Role of Sports in Promoting National Identity Discuss how sports can foster asense of national pride and unity.15.The Ethics of Animal Testing Debate the ethical considerations surrounding the use of animals for scientific research and product testing.16.The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Employment Consider the potential job displacement and creation due to advancements in AI and automation.17.The Importance of Sustainable Development Discuss the principles of sustainable development and its role in balancing economic growth with environmental protection.18.The Influence of Media on Body Image Explore how media representations of beauty can affect individuals selfesteem and body image.19.The Challenges of Refugee Crises Analyze the global refugee crisis,its causes,and the international communitys response.20.The Power of Volunteering Reflect on the personal and societal benefits of volunteering and its role in community development.。
空间句法 城市新见 英文
空间句法城市新见英文全文共四篇示例，供读者参考第一篇示例：One of the key concepts in space syntax is the idea of "urban new visions." This concept emphasizes the importance of rethinking and reshaping the physical form of cities to better serve the needs of their inhabitants. By analyzing the spatial distribution of different activities and functions within a city, planners can identify bottlenecks, dead ends, and other inefficiencies that hinder the flow of people and resources. With this information, they can propose innovative strategies to improve the connectivity, functionality, and overall livability of urban areas.第二篇示例：One key concept in spatial syntax is the idea of "legibility" in urban spaces. Legibility refers to the ease with which people can navigate and understand the spatial layout of a city. A city with clear, well-defined paths and landmarks is considered more legible, as it allows people to easily orient themselves and find their way around. On the other hand, a city with complex andconfusing spatial configurations may be perceived as less legible, leading to disorientation and difficulty in navigation.第三篇示例：In recent years, researchers have also begun to explore the role of spatial syntax in shaping the social and cultural dynamics of cities. For example, studies have found that neighborhoods with high levels of connectivity and accessibility tend to have stronger social ties and higher levels of community engagement. This is because well-connected neighborhoods make it easier for residents to interact with their neighbors, access local amenities, and participate in community events.第四篇示例：空间句法是一门研究语言和空间关系的学科，通过分析语言中的空间表达方式来研究人类对空间的认知。
国际化项目本地化管理 英语
国际化项目本地化管理英语Internationalization Projects with Localized Management.In the globalized world, internationalization projects have become a necessary evil for organizations seeking to expand their reach and capitalize on new markets. However, with the increasing complexity of these projects, the need for localized management strategies has become paramount. Localization not only ensures cultural sensitivity but also helps in overcoming language barriers, legal regulations, and consumer preferences.Cultural Adaptation for Success.One of the key challenges in internationalization projects is cultural adaptation. Each region, country, or even community has its unique set of values, traditions,and behavioral patterns. A one-size-fits-all approach often fails to resonate with the target audience, leading to miscommunications and even misinterpretations. Localizedmanagement teams, with their in-depth knowledge of thelocal culture, can ensure that messages and strategiesalign with the local context, thus increasing the chances of success.Language as a Barrier and Bridge.Language is another crucial aspect of localization. While English may be a global language, it's often not the preferred or primary language in many regions. Localized management teams can communicate effectively in the local language, not only ensuring better understanding but also fostering trust and connection with the target audience. This is particularly important in marketing and advertising campaigns where emotional connections and resonance are key to success.Legal and Regulatory Compliance.Localized management also ensures compliance with local laws and regulations. Different countries have distinct legal frameworks, and ignoring them can lead to seriousconsequences, including fines, legal disputes, and even the withdrawal of business licenses. By having a local team on board, organizations can navigate these complex legal landscapes seamlessly, ensuring smooth operations and minimizing legal risks.Consumer Preferences and Trends.Consumer preferences and trends vary widely across regions. Localized management teams are well-versed in these preferences, understanding what products or services are in demand, what messaging resonates with the local audience, and even the preferred channels of communication. Leveraging this knowledge can help organizations tailor their products, services, and marketing strategies to meet the unique needs of the local market, thus increasing market share and profitability.Building Trust and Relationships.Trust is a crucial factor in any business transaction, and it's especially important in internationalizationprojects. Localized management teams can help build trust with local stakeholders, including suppliers, distributors, government agencies, and even competitors. They canleverage their local connections and networks to facilitate smoother business operations, resolve conflicts, and create win-win situations for all parties involved.Cost-Effectiveness.While localization may seem like an additional expense, it's often a cost-effective strategy in the long run. By adapting to local markets and cultures, organizations can avoid costly mistakes, minimize risks, and maximize returns. The insights and expertise of localized management teamscan help organizations identify and seize market opportunities, thus accelerating growth and profitability.Conclusion.In conclusion, localization is not just abouttranslating content or adapting marketing strategies; it's about understanding and connecting with the local market ona deeper level. With the help of localized management teams, organizations can overcome the challenges of internationalization projects and capitalize on new markets, thus achieving their global expansion goals. In today's interconnected world, localization has become a critical component of any successful internationalization strategy.。
英语入门翻译知识点总结
英语入门翻译知识点总结Translation is the process of conveying the meaning of text from one language to another. It is a complex and challenging task that requires not only a good understanding of both the source and target languages, but also a deep knowledge of the culture and context of the texts being translated. In this article, we will provide an introduction to some basic knowledge points about translation, including the principles of translation, translation techniques, and the importance of cultural competence in translation.Principles of Translation1. EquivalenceEquivalence is a fundamental principle in translation, referring to the idea that the translation should convey the same meaning as the original text. This means that the translator needs to find the most appropriate words and expressions in the target language to accurately represent the meaning of the source text.2. Communicative FunctionAnother important principle of translation is to maintain the communicative function of the original text. This involves not only conveying the literal meaning of the words, but also considering the intended purpose and effect of the text in the target language.3. Textual CohesionTextual cohesion is the principle that a translated text should maintain the coherence and flow of the original text. This includes the use of consistent terminology, maintaining the logical structure of the text, and ensuring that the translation reads smoothly and naturally.4. Cultural ContextCultural context is a crucial consideration in translation, as it influences the meaning and interpretation of the text. Translators need to be aware of cultural nuances, idiomatic expressions, and social conventions in both the source and target languages to ensure an accurate and culturally appropriate translation.Translation Techniques1. Literal TranslationLiteral translation involves translating the words and phrases of the source text directly into the target language, without taking into account the nuances, idiomatic expressions, or cultural differences. While this approach can sometimes result in a word-for-word translation, it often fails to capture the true meaning of the original text.2. Dynamic EquivalenceDynamic equivalence, also known as functional equivalence, is a translation technique that focuses on conveying the meaning and communicative function of the original text, rather than a literal rendering of the words. This approach allows for greater flexibility in the translation process, as it prioritizes the overall meaning and impact of the text in the target language.3. TranscreationTranscreation is a technique used for creative and highly expressive texts, such as marketing materials, slogans, and literary works. It involves adapting the original text in such a way that the same impact, emotion, and intent are conveyed in the target language, rather than a direct translation of the words.4. LocalizationLocalization is a technique that involves adapting a translation to suit the cultural and linguistic conventions of a specific region or target audience. This may include adapting dates, currencies, measurements, and cultural references to make the translation more relevant and accessible to the target audience.Importance of Cultural Competence in TranslationCultural competence is a critical skill for translators, as it enables them to accurately convey the nuances and cultural references of the source text in the target language. It involves not only an understanding of the language itself, but also the customs, traditions, and social norms of the cultures involved. Without cultural competence, translations may miss important nuances, appear unnatural, or even cause offense to the target audience.In conclusion, translation is a complex and multifaceted process that requires a deep understanding of both the source and target languages, as well as the cultural and contextual factors involved. By applying the principles of equivalence, maintaining communicative function, ensuring textual cohesion, and considering cultural context, translators can create accurate, meaningful, and culturally appropriate translations. Developing cultural competence and mastering various translation techniques are essential for producing high-quality translations that effectively convey the meaning and impact of the original text in the target language.。
人文地理学名词解释
人文地理学名词解释 The document was prepared on January 2, 2021地理学geography地理科学Geographical science 文化转向cult ure turn地理信息科学geographic information science文化 culture 文化区culture area文化扩散cultural diffusion文化生态学Cultural Ec ology 文化整合Cultural integration,文化景观Cultural landscape 区域学派、Area school景观学派、Landscape School生态学派、Ecological school区位学派Location school 数量学派Quan tity schoo环境学派environmental school环境决定论environmental determin ism生态论Ecological theorym 文化景观论Cultural landscape of文化史层Laye r of history李旭旦LiXuDan胡焕庸HuHuanYong 吴传钧WuCh uanJunA·洪堡A · Humboldt K·李特尔k. LiTeEr拉采尔pull in dar fur人地关系论the relation between human and land theory人地关系矛盾contradiction of population and land地缘政治学geopolitics可持续发展Sustainable development,地理区位论The geographical location of区位 location 区域are a景观生态学landscape ecology 人口population人口地理学population g eography人口分布population distribution人口过程Population process人口结构及其下属概念The population structure and its subordinate concep t人口增长模式Population growth mode人口密度population density人口移动、人口流动Population mobile, population flow 人口问题Populati on problem出生率Birth rate,自然增长率natural growth rate人口密度populat ion density人口容量Population capacity经济区Economic zone综合经济区Comprehensive economic zone,区域规划regional planning 现代农业modern agriculture农业景观farming landscape 知识经济knowledge economy文化适应acculturation文化地理学cultural geography语言地理学geography of languag e语言language世界语言谱系The world language lineage语言景观Language landscape宗教religion宗教地理学religious geogra phy世界宗教world religion种族race地理人种geographic race种族主义racism民族nation民俗folk聚落settlement聚落地理学geography of settlement乡村country 城市city门槛人口 threshold population城市体系City system城市地域结构city regional structure旅游travel旅游地理学tourism g eography旅游业tourism旅游者tourist旅游产品tourism product旅游资源tourism resources大众旅游mass tourism生态旅游ecological tourism旅游动机tourist motivation 行为地理学behavior geography行为空间action space 环境感觉Environment feel环境知觉environmental perception 环境认知environmental cogni tion政治地理学political geography 国家national领土territory 边界boundary国家权力＝综合国力state power = comprehensive national strength 地缘政治学geopolitics。
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Yes
Yes
Yes
Abatement of painful flexion?
Yes
Os ilium flexion
Abatement?
No
Os sacrum contra nutation
Abatement?
No
L5/S1 extension
Abatement?
No
soreha education
Localization of involved area Hip? SIJ? Lumbar spine?
Pain?
No
L5/S1 extension
Pain?
No
Choose other movement
Exam hip
Exam SIJ
Exam L5/S1
exam other segments
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Abatement of painful extension?
Adjustable Into pain?
Abatement of axial pain right side?
Adjustable Short before pain?
Yes
Os ilium cranial
Abatement?
No
Os sacrum cranial
Abatement?
No
Lumbar traction
Abatement?
soreha education
Choose other movement
Exam hip
Exam SIJ
Exam L5/S1
exam other segments
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Provocation: extension painful?
Pain?
Yes
Os ilium in Flexion
Pain?
No
Os sacrum contra nutation
Pain?
Yes
Os ilium caudal
Pain?
No
Os sacrum caudal
Pain?
No
Provoke lumbar compression
Pain?
Choose other movement
Exam hip
Exam SIJ
exam other segments
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Choose other movement
Exam lumbar spine
Exam hip
Exam lumbar spine
Exam SIJ
No
less or worse?
less or worse?
less or worse?
Heel-fall-test right side
Pain?
Yes
Heel-fall-test right side with LatFlex
Pain?
Yes
Os ilium in EXT
Pain?
No
Os sacrum nutation
Pain?
No
L5/S1 Flexion
Pain?
No
Choose other movement
Exam hip
Exam SIJ
Exam L5/S1
exam other segments
No
Adjustable Short before pain?
Pain?
Yes
ER: Os ilium posterior
Pain?
No
Os sacrum right rotation
Pain?
No
L5/S1 right rotation
Pain?
No
Choose other movement
Exam hip
Exam SIJ
Exam L5/S1
exam other segments
Yes
Os ilium extension
Abatement?
No
Os sacrum nutation
Байду номын сангаас
Abatement?
No
L5/S1 flexion
Abatement?
No
soreha education
Localization of involved area Hip? SIJ? Lumbar spine?
Localization of involved area Hip? SIJ? Lumbar spine?
Choose other movement
Exam hip
Exam SIJ
Exam L5/S1
exam other segments
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Provocation: IR painful?
No
soreha education
Localization of involved area Hip? SIJ? Lumbar spine?
Choose other movement
Exam hip
Exam SIJ
exam other segments
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Provocation: axial pain right side?
Pain?
remains?
Tuber-fall-test right side
Pain?
remains?
Tuber-fall-test right side with LatFlex
Pain?
remains?
Pain?
Yes
No
Pain?
Yes
remains?
Pain?
Yes
No
Hip excluded
Localization of involved area Hip? SIJ? Lumbar spine?
Choose other movement
Exam hip
Exam SIJ
Exam L5/S1
exam other segments
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Provocation: Flexion painful?
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Abatement of painful IR?
Adjustable to pain?
Yes
IR: Os ilium anterior
Abatement?
No
Os sacrum left rotation
Abatement?
No
L5/S1 left rotation
Abatement?
Lumbar spine excluded
SIJ excluded