《英语演讲与辩论》期末考试复习重点
高中英语中的演讲与辩论技巧
高中英语中的演讲与辩论技巧在高中英语的学习中，演讲与辩论不仅是提升语言能力的有效途径，也是培养思维能力、沟通能力和自信心的重要方式。
掌握良好的演讲与辩论技巧，对于我们在英语学习和未来的发展中都具有重要意义。
一、演讲技巧1、充分准备在进行演讲之前，充分的准备是至关重要的。
首先，要明确演讲的主题，并对其进行深入的研究和理解。
收集相关的资料、数据和案例，以支持自己的观点。
同时，要思考如何组织这些内容，使其具有清晰的逻辑结构。
例如，如果演讲的主题是“环境保护”，可以先介绍环境问题的现状，然后分析其产生的原因，最后提出解决的方案。
2、撰写演讲稿演讲稿是演讲的基础，它的质量直接影响到演讲的效果。
在撰写演讲稿时，要注意语言的简洁性和准确性，避免使用过于复杂或生僻的词汇和句子结构。
同时，要注意段落之间的过渡，使整个演讲稿流畅自然。
开头部分要吸引听众的注意力，可以通过提出一个有趣的问题、讲述一个引人入胜的故事或者引用一句名言来开始。
主体部分要详细阐述自己的观点和论据，注意条理清晰、层次分明。
结尾部分要对演讲的内容进行总结，并再次强调自己的观点，给听众留下深刻的印象。
3、练习演讲即使有了出色的演讲稿，如果没有经过充分的练习，也很难达到理想的演讲效果。
在练习演讲时，可以先自己对着镜子练习，注意自己的表情、手势和身体语言。
然后，可以在家人或朋友面前练习，听取他们的意见和建议。
练习时要注意语速、语调的控制，以及声音的抑扬顿挫，使演讲更富有感染力。
4、注意语音语调在演讲中，语音语调的运用可以增强表达的效果。
要注意发音的准确性，避免出现错误的读音。
同时，要根据演讲的内容和情感，合理地调整语速和语调。
例如，在表达激动或兴奋的情感时，可以适当加快语速、提高语调；在表达严肃或沉重的情感时，可以适当放慢语速、降低语调。
5、运用肢体语言肢体语言是演讲中不可或缺的一部分，它可以帮助我们更好地传达信息和吸引听众的注意力。
要保持良好的姿势，站立或坐立时要挺直身体，展现出自信的形象。
大学英语口语考试辩论话题内容
大学英语口语考试辩论话题内容14: Arguments for or against a ban on genetic engineering A:forB:againstA: Our world has entered into a new biological and social existence that is shaped by computers, mass media, and biotechnology.for example , Genetic engineering help people solve many things ,in’t it?B：well,but humans should not be modifying the genetic makeup of other organisms。
We should keep them in nature .A: Genetic engineering reduces costs of production. This means that the poor can afford more food, and be more self sufficient. They're tasty and nutritious Some are easy to raise specifically for food, or are easy to catch.it’s pecfctB：Human beings are themselves part of nature, creatures within creation. Human discovery and invention can be thought of as resulting from the exercise of God-given powers of mind and reason.A: though it ,we can Design what people want or need , Improve or add desirable characteristics,even Remove undesirable cha racteristics.it‘s the big deal .B:ok,I like things those are natural ,but Genetic Engineering is unnatural,I can with you . 15：Arguments for or against the view that women face unequal treatment in getting promoted：AagainstB:forA; In a modern society, one would think that sexual discrimination had long disappeared.But My mom didn't get the position she wanted again, theypromoted some new guy to the job. I think it’s not fair for women.B: However, this is not the case. Although women are given more chances than they had before. if a couple was divorce women can get 70% of her man's money! IN UK,SOi think every country's Culture are diffenent.OR other reasons.A;wow,no . do you know that western women did not have the same rights like Muslim women ,for example: Muslim women have right to keep her family name after marriage.Muslim women have right to have independent budget with out inquiring of her husband.B: so this is why some country man are king but some country women are king. becuase their culture are different.A:but in country especially in a traditional country like China Some women are still expected to stay at home when they married.why man?B: well,they are equal but they don't have the same rights as men just as men don't have the same rights as women. each of them has a role and the rights are given accordingly.16: Arguments for or against divorce as the solution to a loveless marriageSupporter for divorce=A: if marriage has no love ，marriage just is an afflict[ ?'flikt ]折磨for the person need love.so I think divorce is a better solution to a loveless marriage.Against divorce =B:Divorce do many harms to a family. whats more, The loveless marriage will free people from some obligation[ ??bli'gei∫n ]义务.so I think divorce is the worst r solution to a loveless marriage.A：if marriage has no love ，marriage just is an afflict[ ?'flikt ]折磨for the person need love. There is no care for each other andcomfortable communication to make life significant. whats more, the neglect between them buries bomb which will break out somedayB: divorce is not a reasonable solution. Everything has two sides. The loveless marriage will free people from some obligation[ ??bli'gei∫n ]义务.Besides ,the less you pay, the less emotional demands you have, which reduce disputeA: we marry not for the lifeless life. This also has harm to mental health of the coming generation.B: if one has no economic capability, divorce will destroy his life, so do their children and their old parents. Divorce hurt more people.A: the essential issue is loveless marriage having no happiness. Why not look for confident and wonderful life elsewhere?B: this is just personal interests, how can we don’t assume the responsibility for the marriage? Divorce will lead to more social problem.A;well,I still think the emotion is more important.but I accept you too.。
英语演讲及辩论期末考试复习重点
obtain.
1. E*amples
Brief e*ample E*tended e*ample
简单例证
e*ample
Hale Waihona Puke 延展例证.z.
Problems:
1. Foreign languages,foreign laws,customs and regulations
2. E*change rates varies
3. Numerous cultural differences
4. First-hand accurate information is comparatively hard to
.
z.
-
a. Problem-solution pattern order
问题出路法
b. Problem-cause-solution order
问题成因出路法
c. Comparative advantages order
优惠比照法(pros&cons〕
d. Motivated sequence
动机序列法
b. Spacial order
空间顺序
c. Topical order
话题顺序
Persuasive speech
1) Question of fact 2) Question of
话题顺序 value
3) Question of policy〔passive agreement & immediate action)
a. Keep visual aids simple
b. Make sure visual aids are large enough
英语演讲与辩论技巧考核试卷
D. All of the above
3. When preparing for a debate, which activities should you engage in? ( )
A. Researching the topic
B. Practicing speaking skills
A. To ask questions to clarify the opponent's arguments
B. To attack the opponent personally
C. To ignore the opponent's arguments
D. To provide additional arguments
A. Selecting a topic
B. Outlining the speech
C. Memorizing the entire speech
D. Practicing delivery
2. When delivering a speech, which body language is considered inappropriate? ( )
A. Speaking faster
B. Using complex vocabulary
C. Avoiding filler words
D. Speaking softly
5. In a debate, what is the role of the first speaker of the affirmative team? ( )
A. To stick to a rigid structure
演讲与辩论;说话的要诀
演讲与辩论;说话的要诀英文回答：Public speaking and debating are two essential skills that can help you succeed in both your personal and professional life. Whether you're giving a presentation to your colleagues or arguing a case in court, the ability to speak clearly, persuasively, and effectively is key.Here are a few tips to help you become a more confident and effective speaker:Know your audience. Before you start speaking, take some time to think about who you're talking to. What are their interests? What do they know about the topic? What do you want them to take away from your speech? Knowing your audience will help you tailor your message and make it more relevant to them.Be prepared. One of the best ways to reduce anxietyand boost your confidence is to be well-prepared. This means knowing your topic inside and out, practicing your speech multiple times, and having a clear outline to follow. Being prepared will also help you stay on track and avoid getting sidetracked.Be yourself. When you're speaking, it's important tobe authentic and genuine. Don't try to be someone you're not. Your audience will be able to tell if you're being fake, and it will make it harder for them to connect with you.Make eye contact. Eye contact is a powerful way to connect with your audience and build rapport. When you're speaking, make an effort to look at everyone in the room, not just the people in the front row. Making eye contactwill also help you stay focused and engaged.Speak with confidence. Even if you're feeling nervous, it's important to speak with confidence. Your audience will be more likely to believe you if you believe in yourself. Speak clearly and at a moderate pace, and don't be afraidto use pauses to emphasize your points.Use body language. Body language can convey a lot of information, so it's important to be aware of how you're using it. Stand up straight, make eye contact, and use gestures to emphasize your points. Avoid fidgeting or crossing your arms, as this can make you appear nervous or closed off.Practice, practice, practice. The best way to improve your public speaking skills is to practice. Join a Toastmasters club, volunteer to give presentations at workor school, or simply practice speaking in front of a mirror. The more you practice, the more confident and effectiveyou'll become.中文回答：演讲和辩论是两项在个人和职业生涯中都能帮助你取得成功的基本技能。
【辩论赛】英语辩论常识
【辩论赛】英语辩论常识英文回答，As a debater, it is important to have a good understanding of common knowledge in English debate. One of the most important things to remember is to be well-prepared and well-informed about the topic you are debating. This means doing thorough research, gathering evidence, and anticipating counterarguments.In addition, it is crucial to have strong speaking and reasoning skills. This includes being able to articulate your points clearly and persuasively, as well as being able to think critically and respond effectively to your opponent's arguments.Furthermore, it is important to be respectful and open-minded during the debate. This means actively listening to your opponent, acknowledging their points, and respondingto them in a respectful manner. It is also important to avoid personal attacks and instead focus on the arguments and evidence presented.Finally, it is important to be confident and assertive in your delivery. This means speaking with conviction and passion, and using body language and vocal tone to emphasize your points.中文回答，作为一名辩手，了解英语辩论中的常识是非常重要的。
演讲与辩论;说话的要诀
演讲与辩论;说话的要诀英文回答：Public speaking and debating are two essential skills that can help you succeed in both your personal and professional life. Whether you're giving a presentation at work or arguing for your side in a debate, being able to speak effectively can make all the difference.Here are a few key tips for speaking effectively:Know your audience. Before you start speaking, take some time to think about your audience. What do they know about the topic? What are their interests? What do they need to hear from you?Organize your thoughts. When you're giving a speech or presentation, it's important to have a clear and organized structure. This will help you stay on track and make it easier for your audience to follow your train of thought.Use body language. Body language can be just as important as what you're saying. Make sure you're making eye contact with your audience and using gestures to emphasize your points.Be confident. Confidence is key when it comes topublic speaking. If you believe in what you're saying, your audience will be more likely to believe you too.Practice, practice, practice. The best way to improve your public speaking skills is to practice. The more you practice, the more confident and comfortable you'll become.中文回答：演讲和辩论是两项基本技能，可以帮助你在个人和职业生活中取得成功。
英语演讲比赛训练知识讲稿
Emphasis on important words and phrases to create a more natural flow and emphasis on your message
Speech fluency
Speech structure
Practice constructing your speeches with clear introductions, bodies, and conclusions
or concern
Sound changes
Pitch
Practice varying your pitch to show different emotions and emphasis important points
Volume
Control your volume to match the emotion of the moment Speak Loudly when you want to make a point or Whisper for effect
freight • Actual training and simulation
competitions
01 English Speech Skills
Promotion and integration
Pronunciation
Accent and claim are key Practice speaking with a natural, clear English account to ensure your message is understanding
Theme relevance
Ensure that the theme is relevant to real life, personal experiences, or social hot topics, and increase audience resonance.
英语辩论知识点总结初中
英语辩论知识点总结初中1. Understanding the Topic:Before engaging in a debate, it is important for students to thoroughly understand the topic at hand. This includes understanding the key terms and concepts, as well as having a clear understanding of the different perspectives on the topic. Students should also be familiar with any relevant background information or historical context that may be relevant to the debate.2. Researching the Topic:In order to construct strong arguments, it is essential for students to conduct thorough research on the topic. This may involve reading academic articles, books, and other reliable sources of information. Students should also be aware of any biases or conflicting viewpoints in the literature, and be able to critically evaluate the credibility of the sources they are using.3. Constructing Arguments:In a debate, students are required to present clear and logical arguments to support their position on the topic. This involves identifying relevant evidence and examples to support their claims, and organizing their arguments in a coherent and persuasive manner. Students should also be able to anticipate and respond to potential counter-arguments from the opposing side.4. Public Speaking Skills:Effective communication is a key component of debate, and students should work on developing their public speaking skills. This includes using clear and articulate language, maintaining good eye contact with the audience, and using appropriate gestures and body language to reinforce their points. Students should also be able to adapt their speaking style to different audiences and environments.5. Understanding Logical Fallacies:In order to construct strong arguments and effectively counter opposing points, students need to be able to identify and avoid logical fallacies. Common logical fallacies include ad hominem attacks, straw man arguments, and appeals to emotion. By being aware of these fallacies, students can strengthen their arguments and avoid being swayed by faulty reasoning.6. Understanding Debate Format:Debate formats can vary, but students should be familiar with the basic structure of a formal debate. This typically includes an opening statement, rebuttals, cross-examination,and a closing statement. Students should also be aware of any specific rules or guidelines that may apply to the particular debate format they are participating in.7. Organization and Time Management:In order to make the most effective use of their speaking time, students need to be well-organized and have good time management skills. This includes being able to prioritize their arguments, anticipate potential challenges, and stay focused on the key points they want to make. It also involves being able to adapt their arguments on the fly in response to the arguments made by the opposing side.8. Building Persuasive Arguments:In a debate, the goal is not only to present strong arguments, but also to persuade the audience of the validity of those arguments. This involves using rhetorical devices, such as metaphors, analogies, and storytelling, to make one's points more memorable and compelling. Students should also be able to make use of evidence and statistics to support their claims, and be able to explain the relevance of their arguments to the broader topic at hand.In conclusion, debate is a valuable skill that can help students develop critical thinking, effective communication, and the ability to think on their feet. By understanding these key knowledge points and working to develop their skills in these areas, students can become more effective debaters and better able to engage in thoughtful and respectful discussions on important topics.。
英语演讲与辩论
英语演讲与辩论各位读友大家好，此文档由网络收集而来，欢迎您下载，谢谢课程编号:100191英文名:The Art of English Public Speaking and debating课程类别:专业选修学分:2学分课时:32课时主讲教师:韩静等选定教材:Stephen E. Lucas,《演讲的艺术》,北京:外语教学与研究出版社,2004年课程概述:《英语演讲与辩论》课程是一门语言技能和专业知识相结合的课程,在一定程度上实现相关专业与外语专业之间的复合、交融和渗透,使学生从语言的单一性向知识的多元化、宽厚型方向转化.该课程有助于提高学生综合应用英语的能力,有助于学生综合素质的培养,是英语教学改革的新课型通过该课程的学习不仅能帮助学生进一步提高英语表达能力、英语口语交际能力,更有利于学生开拓思路、掌握沟通技巧;引导学生体会演讲魅力、提高演讲技巧、展示演讲才能,有利于他们早日掌握这门适用于各种领域的沟通艺术.这门课程的学习需要一定程度的语言技能以外的知识积累.通过这门课程的学习,学生能够系统地了解英语演讲的技巧,英语演讲稿的写作方法以及英语演讲技巧在现代交际中的作用.本课程采用理论传授与实际操练相结合;教师讲解和学生参与相结合;教师点评和学生试评相结合的教学方法.本课程授课内容主要包括两大块,均采用多媒体、互动式授课.第一部分包括英语演讲课程的理论教学,采用范例录像观摩和阐释理论知识点相结合的方法;第二部分包括学生操练并辅助以课堂讨论及对学生操练和作业进行评析等方法.考查方法采用课堂参与和考试相结合.教学目的:通过本课程的学习,使学生全面、系统地掌握英语演讲和辩论的理论知识与艺术特点以及在现实交际生活的作用及在一定程度上实现相关专业与外语专业之间的复合、交融和渗透,使学生从语言的单一性向知识的多元化、宽厚型方向转化,并且提高学生综合应用英语的能力和综合素质的培养.教学方法:本课程授课内容主要包括两大块,均采用多媒体、互动式授课.第一部分包括英语演讲辩论课程的理论教学,采用示范录像观摩和阐释理论知识点相结合的方法;第二部分包括学生操练并辅助以课堂讨论及对学生操练和作业进行评析等方法.考查采用课堂参与记录与考试相结合的方法,课堂参与记录占50%,考试占50%.1)教学原则a.教师为主导,学生为主体,训练为主线;b.运用激励策略,营造宽松型、学生友好型氛围;c.语境教学法;d.过程教学法.2)课堂组织形式a. 精讲多练,突出学生参与;b. 运用视听演示材料供学生观摩;c. 鼓励学生制作视觉辅助材料;d. 运用摄像设备拍录学生演讲实景;e. 先讲后评,组织讨论;f. 运用评估表分析学生演讲;g.大班与小班授课应有区别.各章教学要求及教学要点第一章Speaking And Listening教学要求:本章教学要求学生比较全面了解演讲的基本理论和概念,演讲中的道德准则以及倾听在言语交流中的重要性.教学内容:一、Speaking in Public1. The Power of Public Speaking2. The Tradition of Public Speaking3. Similarities Between Public Speaking and Conversation4. Differences Between Public Speaking and Conversation5. Developing Confidence: Your Speech Class6. Public Speaking and Critical Thinking7. The Speech Communication Process8. Public speaking in a Multicultural World二、Ethics and Public Speaking1. The Importance of Ethics2. Guidelines for Ethical Speaking3. Plagiarism4. Guidelines for Ethical Listening三、Listening1. Listening Is Important2. Listening and Critical Thinking3. Four Causes of Poor Listening4. How to Become a Better Listener思考题:1. In what way is public speaking likely to make a difference in your life?2. How is public speaking different from everyday conversation?3. How can you control your nervousness and make it work for you in your speeches?4. What are the seven elements of the speech communication process? How do they interact to determine the success or failure of a speech?第二章Speech Preparation: Getting Started教学要求:本章教学要求学生了解在演讲的准备阶段如何选题和立意,如何分析听众的特点,如何收集资料和如何规范地使用所搜集到的论据来说明自己的想法.教学内容:Selecting a Topic and Purpose1. Choosing a Topic2. Determining the General Purpose3. Determining the Specific Purpose4. Phrasing the Central Idea二、Analyzing the Audience1. Audience-Centeredness2. Your Classmates as an Audience3. The Psychology of Audiences4. Demographic Audience Analysis5. Situational Audience Analysis6. Getting Information About the Audience7. Adapting to the Audience三、Gathering Materials1. Using Your Own Knowledge and Experience2. Doing Library Research3. Searching the Internet4. Interviewing5. Tips for Doing Research四、Supporting Your Ideas1. Supporting Materials and CriticalThinking2. Examples3. Statistics4. Testimony5. Sample Speech with Commentary思考题:1. What is the difference between the specific purpose and the central idea of a speech? What are four guidelines for an effective central idea?2. What methods can you use to adapt your speech to your audience before the speech? During the speech?3. What five things should you do to take research notes efficiently?4. What are five tips for using examples in your speeches?第三章Speech Preparation: Organizing and Outlining教学要求:本章教学要求学生系统掌握英语演讲稿的写作方法和写作规范.教学内容:Organizing the Body of the Speech1. Organization Is Important2. Main Points3. Supporting Materials4. Connectives二、Beginning and Ending the Speech1. The Introduction2. The Conclusion三、Outlining the Speech1. The Preparation Outline2. The Speaking Outline思考题:1. What are the five basic patterns of organizing main points in a speech? Which are appropriate forinformative speeches? Which is used only in persuasive speeches? Which is used most often?2. What are seven methods you can use in the introduction to get the attention and interest of your audience?3. What are four ways to reinforce the central idea when concluding your speech?4. What is a preparation outline? What are the eight guidelines discussed in the chapter for writing a preparation outline?5. What is a speaking outline? What are four guidelines for your speaking outline?第四章Presenting The Speech教学要求:本章教学要求学生基本掌握演讲写作中的语言技巧,演讲的不同形式,以及直观教具的制作和用法. 教学内容:一、Using Language1. Language Is Important2. Meanings of Words3. Using Language Accurately4. Using Language Clearly5. Using Language Vividly6. A Note on Inclusive Language二、Delivery1. What is a Good Delivery?2. Methods of Delivery3. The Speaker’s V oice4. The Speaker’s Body5. Practicing Delivery6. Answering Audience Questions三、Using Visual Aids1. Advantages of Visual Aids2. Kinds of Visual Aids3. Guidelines for Preparing Visual Aids4. Guidelines for Presenting Visual Aids思考题:1. What are three things you should do to use language clearly in your speeches?2. Why is it important for a public speaker to use inclusive language? What are five usages of inclusive language which have become so widely accepted that no speaker can afford to ignore them?3. What are the eight aspects of voice usage you should concentrate on in your speeches?4. What are the five steps you should follow when practicing your speech delivery?5. What steps should you take when preparing for a question-and-answer session? What should you concentrate on when responding to questions during the session?6. What are the major advantages of using visual aids in your speeches?第五章Varieties of Public Speaking教学要求:本章教学要求学生掌握演讲的几种主要的体裁,能够在不同的场合选择不同的方式进行有效演讲. 教学内容:教学内容:Speaking to Inform1. Types of Informative Speeches: Analysis and Organization2. Guidelines for Informative Speaking3. Sample Speech with Commentary4. The Importance of Persuasion5. Persuasive Speeches on Questions of Fact6. Persuasive Speeches on Questions of Value7. Persuasive Speeches on Questions of Policy二、Methods of Persuasion1. Building Credibility2. Using Evidence3. Reasoning4. Appealing to emotions三、Speaking on Special Occasions1. Speeches of Introduction2. Speeches of Presentation3. Speeches of Acceptance4. Commemorative Speeches5. After-Dinner Speeches四、Speaking in Small Groups1. What Is a Small Group?2. Leadership in Small Groups3. responsibilities in a Small Group4. The Reflective-Thinking Method5. Presenting the Recommendations of the Groups思考题:1. Why must informative speakers be careful not to overestimate what the audience knows about the topic? What can you do to make sure your ideas don’t pass over the heads of your listeners?2. What are three methods you can use to avoid abstractions in your informative speech?3. Explain the difference between passive agreement and immediate action as goals for persuasive speeches on questions of policy.4. What four methods of organization are used most often in persuasive speeches on questions of policy?5. What are four tips for using evidence effectively in a persuasive speech?6. What are the three major traits of a good acceptance speech?7. What are the five major responsibilities of every participant in a small group?参考书目:1)Lucas, Stephen E. The Art of Public Speaking. 8th Ed. New York: McGraw Hill, 2004. 配有Instructor’s Manual.2)Verderber, Rudolph F. The Challenge of Effective Speaking. 10th Ed. Boston: Wadsworth Publishing Company, 1997.3) Collins, Patrick. Say It with Power & Confidence. Paramus: Prentice Hall, 1998.4)Kay, Sue:《实用演讲技巧》,北京:外语教学与研究出版社,2004.5)亚历山大,《英语辩论手册》,北京:外语教学与研究出版社,1999.Chinese universities should/should not allow mix-genderdormitories.Ladies and Gentlemen, Good evening! I’m very glad to stand here and give you a shortI will argue from the following two aspects about Chinese universities should not allow mix-gender dormitories.First of all,we should seriously think about the existence value of mix-gender dormitories. According to the published study of Journal of American College Health, they investigated more than 500 students of five American universities,and about 90% of which living in the mix-gender dormitories. In the dormitory, men and women are not necessarily in the same room, many of them just live on the different floors. The results of the survey show that 41% of the students,living in the mix-gender dormitories,admit that they arepromiscuity in astudents,living in a single gender dormitory,of the ratio is 17%.The study also points that living in the mix-gender dormitory is easier to promiscuity. The proportion of having three or more sexual partners in the past year is three times as much as students who live in the single-gender ,with the number increasing,the account of promiscuity will be make us more embarrassed in the future. Secondly, it also has a great effect on students’ living. For example,when I want to take a bath after busy work and have a deep sleep wearing pajamas,I find that I can’t do it because I have a maleI was a man,I would even worried If I would be sued for obscene or not ,just because I wear a short pants and my shake-feathering is too long. And all this is the embarrassment due to allow mix-genderwhen you live with the students in common sex,girls could not worry aboutthe position which underwear hang on, let alone whether they are less wear at night. Meanwhile boys can play games loudly and don’t have to worry about the girl. Some privacy is able to accept by the people,having common sex,but the opposite sex ismany students aren’t lover in min-gender dorm. Therefore privacy protection has become an embarrassing problem,but also making life into inconvenience.新课程标准/ 演讲/ 辩论/ 教学设计英语演讲与辩论是英语语言综合能力的体现。
英语辩论知识点总结大全
英语辩论知识点总结大全1. Understanding the Structure of a Debate- A standard debate consists of two opposing sides: the proposition (affirmative) and the opposition (negative).- Each side presents their arguments in a series of speeches, followed by a cross-examination period and a rebuttal.- The debate concludes with a summary speech from each side.2. Research and Preparation- Thorough research is essential for constructing strong arguments. It is important to gather evidence, examples, and statistics to support your position.- Understanding the topic from multiple angles will allow you to anticipate opposing arguments and effectively counter them.3. Logical Reasoning and Critical Thinking- Debaters must be able to analyze and evaluate evidence and arguments to form coherent and logical positions.- Critical thinking skills are essential for identifying flaws in the opposing side's arguments and forming effective rebuttals.4. Public Speaking and Communication- Effective communication is key to persuading the audience. Debaters must be articulate, confident, and engaging speakers.- Nonverbal communication, such as body language and tone of voice, also plays a significant role in influencing the audience.5. Constructing and Presenting Arguments- Arguments in a debate should be structured logically, with a clear introduction, supporting points, and a conclusion.- Using rhetorical devices, such as appeals to emotion, credibility, and logic, can make arguments more compelling.6. Refuting Opposing Arguments- Debaters must be able to anticipate and counter opposing arguments. This involves identifying logical fallacies and weaknesses in the opposing side's position.- Refutations should be clear, concise, and supported by evidence.7. Cross-Examination- During the cross-examination period, both sides have the opportunity to question each other's arguments and evidence.- This is a crucial time for debaters to clarify their own positions and challenge the credibility of the opposing side.8. Rebuttal and Summary- The rebuttal speech allows debaters to directly address the points made by the opposing side and reaffirm their own arguments.- In the summary speech, debaters should reinforce their main points and emphasize why their position is superior.9. Understanding Logical Fallacies- Logical fallacies are common errors in reasoning that can weaken an argument. Debaters should be familiar with these and be able to identify and refute them.- Examples of fallacies include ad hominem attacks, straw man arguments, and appeals to authority.10. Ethics in Debate- Debaters should adhere to ethical standards, such as honesty, integrity, and respect for others' opinions.- It is important to engage in civil discourse and avoid personal attacks or disrespectful behavior.11. Understanding Different Debate Formats- There are various formats for debates, such as parliamentary debate, policy debate, and Lincoln-Douglas debate.- Each format has its own set of rules, time limits, and speech structures.12. Time Management- Debaters must effectively manage their time during speeches to ensure all arguments and rebuttals are presented.- Time management skills are crucial for delivering concise and impactful points within the given time limits.13. Audience Analysis- Understanding the perspective and biases of the audience can help debaters tailor their arguments to be more persuasive.- Debaters should consider the values and beliefs of the audience when presenting their case.14. Flexibility and Adaptability- Being able to adapt to unexpected arguments and counterpoints is essential for successful debating.- Debaters should be able to adjust their strategies based on the direction the debate takes. In conclusion, successful debating requires a combination of research, critical thinking, persuasive communication, and ethical conduct. By mastering these knowledge points, individuals can become effective debaters and engage in meaningful and constructive discussions.。
英语辩论赛辩题精选大全
《英语辩论赛辩题精选大全》一、教育领域辩题1. 中小学是否应该取消英语考试？2. 全日制英语教学是否有利于提高学生的英语水平？3. 在线英语教育能否取代传统英语课堂？4. 英语四六级考试是否应该取消？5. 学前教育阶段是否应该引入英语课程？二、社会热点辩题1. 网络用语是否影响了英语学习的规范性？2. 外国人在中国是否应该使用中文？3. 英语全球化是否加剧了文化同质化？4. 英语普及是否导致汉语危机？5. 中英双语标识是否有助于提高国民英语水平？三、科技与生活辩题2. 英语在科技领域的地位是否不可替代？3. 英语作为国际通用语言，是否限制了其他语言的创新？4. 虚拟现实技术在英语教学中的应用是否具有前景？5. 英语在跨国企业沟通中的重要性是否日益凸显？四、文化与价值观辩题1. 英语电影是否应该配译中文对白？2. 英语名著翻译是否应该尊重原文还是迎合读者？3. 英语国家文化输出是否对其他国家产生负面影响？4. 英语在全球文化交流中的作用是否被过度夸大？5. 学习英语是否有助于了解西方文化？五、政策与法规辩题1. 我国是否应该实行英语义务教育？2. 英语能力是否应该成为公务员招聘的必备条件？3. 英语考试改革是否有利于选拔人才？4. 英语课程标准是否需要与时俱进？5. 我国英语教育政策是否需要调整？《英语辩论赛辩题精选大全》六、经济与就业辩题1. 英语能力对企业员工的职业发展影响有多大？2. 英语是否应该成为国际贸易的官方语言？3. 英语水平是否决定了非英语国家求职者的就业机会？4. 在全球经济一体化背景下，英语的重要性是否在增加？5. 英语沟通能力对企业拓展国际市场的作用是否被高估？七、环保与可持续发展辩题1. 英语在环保国际合作中的角色是否不可替代？2. 英语普及是否有助于提高全球环保意识？3. 英语在传播可持续发展理念中的作用是否重要？4. 英语媒体在环保议题上的报道是否具有偏见？5. 英语能力是否影响了发展中国家参与国际环保事务？八、健康与医疗辩题1. 英语在跨国医疗交流中的重要性是否被忽视？2. 英语能力是否影响了医护人员的学习和交流？3. 英语在医疗研究领域的作用是否过大？4. 英语医学文献的普及是否有助于提高全球医疗水平？5. 英语在推广国际公共卫生标准中的角色是否关键？九、艺术与娱乐辩题1. 英语流行歌曲是否影响了本土音乐的发展？2. 英语电影是否主导了全球电影市场？3. 英语在跨文化戏剧交流中的作用是否重要？4. 英语文学作品是否应该被翻译成其他语言？5. 英语在电子游戏全球化的进程中是否起到了关键作用？十、伦理与道德辩题1. 英语辩论中是否应该避免使用具有歧视性的语言？2. 英语媒体在报道国际事件时是否应遵循道德准则？3. 英语教育是否应该包含跨文化伦理教育？4. 英语在传播普世价值观中的作用是否积极？5. 英语辩论赛是否有助于培养参赛者的道德素养？《英语辩论赛辩题精选大全》十一、政治与国际关系辩题1. 英语作为国际政治沟通的主要语言，是否造成了语言霸权？2. 英语国家的政治观点是否在全球范围内占据了主导地位？3. 英语媒体在塑造国际形象方面是否具有偏向性？4. 英语在国际组织中是否应该被平等使用？5. 英语能力是否影响了发展中国家在国际政治舞台上的发言权？十二、历史与文化遗产辩题1. 英语是否在无形中抹去了非英语国家的文化遗产？2. 英语在历史研究中的普及是否有助于全球史观的建立？3. 英语翻译是否能够准确传达历史文献的原意？4. 英语在推广世界文化遗产中的作用是否积极？5. 英语教育是否忽视了本土历史文化的传承？十三、法律与权利辩题1. 英语是否应该成为国际法庭的工作语言？2. 英语法律文献的普及是否有利于全球法治的推进？3. 英语在跨国法律事务中的作用是否被过高估计？4. 英语能力是否影响了公民在国际法律诉讼中的权益？5. 英语法律教育是否有助于培养国际法律人才？十四、心理与行为辩题1. 英语学习是否有助于提高跨文化交际能力？2. 英语环境是否对非母语者的心理产生压力？3. 英语辩论是否能够锻炼人的逻辑思维和表达能力？4. 英语作为第二语言学习是否影响了个体的认知发展？5. 英语教育是否有助于培养全球公民意识？十五、性别与平等等辩题1. 英语辩论赛中，性别是否影响了参赛者的表现和评价？2. 英语教育是否在无形中强化了性别刻板印象？3. 英语媒体在报道性别议题时是否持有偏见？4. 英语在推动性别平等全球对话中的作用是否显著？5. 英语能力是否影响了女性在国际职场中的地位？。
英语演讲选修课期末复习最后大总结
英语演讲选修课期末复习最后大总结chapter 1ABCWhy Study Public SpeakingIncrease personal and social abilitiesEnhance your academic and career skillsRefine your general communication abilitiesIncrease your public speaking abilities….Increase Personal and Social Abilitiesself-awarenessself-confidencedealing with the fear of communicatingPublic Speaking VS ConversationPurpose: both communicate with a certain purposeAudience: a public speech is usually directed at more listeners.Feedback: public speaking is relatively uninterrupted discourse.Delivery: public speaking requires intensified volume of voice and bodily action.Materials and organization: public speeches are mostly prepared ones.Impromptu speeches are rare.The essentials of a speechObjective: why am I making this speechAudience:whom am I making this speech toPlace:whereTime and lengthMethod of delivery:howContent:whatNotesRehearsal: identify weakness, practice difficult pronunciationsDealing with nervousnessAcquire speaking experiencePrepare, prepare, prepareThink positivelyUse the power of visualizationKnow that most nervousness is Not visibleDon’t expect perfectionAcquire Speaking ExperienceEnrolled in a public speaking courseStage fright: fear of the unknownLearning to give a speech is not much different from learning any other skill---it proceeds by trial and error. The purpose of your speech class is to shorten the process, to minimize the errors, to give you a nonthreatening arena---a sort of laboratory--- in which to undertake the “trial”Think positivelyConfidence is mostly the well-known power of positive thinking.Negative Thought & Positive ThoughtI wish I didn’t have to give this speech.This speech is a chance for me to share my ideas and gain experience as a speaker.I am not a great public speaker.No one is perfect, but I am getting better with each speech I give.TermsPositive nervousness---controlled nervousness that helps energize a speaker for her or his presentation.Visualization---mental imaging in which a speaker vividly pictures herself or himself giving a successful presentation.Creat a vivid mental blurprint in which you see yourself succeeding in your speechOther tips for dealing with nervousnessBe at your best physically and mentally. A good night’s sleep will serve you better.As you are waiting to speak, quietly tighten and relax your leg muscles, or squeeze your hands together and then release them. Such actions help reduce tension by providing an outlet for your extra adrenaline.Take a couple slow, deep breaths before you start to speak. Most people take short and shallow breaths, which only reinforces their anxiety. Deep breathing breaks this cycle of tension and help calm your nerves.Work especially hard on your introduction. Research has shown that a speaker’s anxiety level begins to drop significantly after the first 30 seconds ofa presentationMake eye contact with members of your audience. Remember that they are individual people, not a blur of faces. And they are your friends.Concentrate on communicating with your audience rather than on worrying about your stage fright. If you get caught up in your speech, your audience will too.Use visual aids. They create interest, draw attention away from you, and make you feel less self-conscious.chapter 2 topicSelecting a topicSpeeches outside the classroomthe occasion, the audience, the speaker’s qualificationsSpeeches in the public speaking classno designated topicWhat is a suitable speech topicWorthwhileAppropriateLimited in scopeSuitable topicWorthwhilesignificant implications for the audienceAppropriateknow a lot, like to learn moreLimited in scopedividing the topic into several significant parts.General purpose: the broad goal 总体目标To inform: convey informationenhance the knowledge and understandingTo persuade: advocate or partisanChange or structure the attitudes or actionsDifference: explain or exhortSpecific purpose 具体目标to inform my audie nce about…to per suade my audience to …Explain ←→ exhortSpecific PurposeSpecific purpose: ( single infinitive phrase that states precisely what a speaker hopes to accomplish in his or her speech.). 简单的肯定句Topic: EmergenciesGeneral purpose: To informSpecific purpose: T o inform my audience of the major steps in responding to an emergencyTips for formulating the specific purpose statementTip 1: Write the purpose statement as a full infinitive phrase(完整的短语）, not as a fragment（片段）Tip 2Express your purpose as a statement, not as a question陈述句Tip 3 Avoid figurative language比喻语言Tip 4 Limit your purpose statement to one distinct idea, or one main pointTip 5Make sure your specific purpose is not too vague or general Phrasing the central idea(Also called thesis statement, subject sentence, major thought ) What is the central ideaGuidelines for the central ideaWhat is the central ideaA one-sentence statement that sums up the major ideas of a speech. It is whatyou want the audience to absorb from your speech.In persuasive speechesarguable, debatable, take your stanceIn informative speechesrelatively neutral and objectiveThe specific purpose of a speech is what you hope to accomplish.The central idea is a concise statement of what you expect tosay. Guidelines for the central ideaThe central idea1. Should be expressed in a full sentencenot be in the form of a question.3. should avoid figurative language4. should not be vague or overly generalSummarySelecting a topicDetermining your general purposeDetermining your specific purposePhrasing your central ideaFour brainstorming proceduresMake a quick inventory of your hobbies, interests, skills, experiences, beliefs, and so forth.Use the technique of clustering and write down on a sheet of paper the first topics that come to mind in several categories.Look through a reference work for ideasUse a World Wide Web subject directory such as Yahoo to help you scan possible topic.chapter 3 Analysis Analyzing the audience1. Audience-centeredness 以听众为中心2. The psychology of audience 听众的心理3. Demographic audience analysis 听众分析统计4. Situational audience analysis 听众分析的具体情形5. Adapting to the audience 适应听众1. Audience-centerednessAudience-centeredness: keeping the audience foremost in mind at every step of speech preparation and presentation.Questions to be asked when preparingTo whom am I speakingWhat do I want them to know, believe, or do as a result of my speechWhat is the most effective way of composing and presenting my speech toaccomplish that aim(how)2. The psychology of audiencesQuestion: what do you do when you listen to a speechtwo messages:speaker, filter, listenerpeople hear what they want to hear and disregard the rest.Question: what do people want to hearMeaningfulEgocentrism: The tendency of people to be concerned above all with their own values, beliefs, and well-being.Listeners typically approach speeches with one question uppermost in mind: “Why is this important to me”What do these psychological principles mean to you as a speakerListeners: what they already knowSpeakers: relate the message toTwo steps of demographic audience analysis⑴identifying the general demographic features of your audience⑵ assessing the importance of those features to a particular speaking situationDemographic Audience AnalysisAgeGenderSexual orientationRacial, ethnic and cultural backgroundReligion4. Situational audience analysis:Situational factorsSizePhysical settingDisposition toward the topicDisposition toward the speakerDisposition toward the topicInterestKnowledgeAttitudeDisposition toward the speakerkeep in mind that your listeners will always have some set of attitudes toward you as a speaker.Estimating what those attitudes are and how they will affect your speech isa crucial part of situational audience analysis.Summaryaudience-centered.They know that the aim of speechmaking is to gain a desired response from listeners. When working on your speeches, keep three questions in mind:(1)To whom am I speaking(2)What do I want them to know, believe, or do as a result of my speech(3)What is the most effective way of composing and presenting my speech to accomplish that aimPsychology of audience.People hear what they want to hear.EgocentricWhy is this important to mechapter4 ntroduction1. Getting attention and interest(1)Relate the topic to the audience(2)State the importance of your topic(3)Startle the audience(4)Arouse the curiosity of the audience(5)Question the audience(6)Begin with a quotation(7)Tell a story2. Reveal the topic3. Establish credibilityCredibility: the audience’s perception of whether a speaker is qualified to speak on a given topic.Your credibility need not be based on firsthand knowledge and experience. It cancome from reading, from classes, from interviews, from friends.4 Preview the body of the speechPreview statement 预先叙说A statement in the introduction of a speech that identifies the main pointsto be discussed in the body of the speech.Tips for preparing the introduction1.Keep the introduction relatively brief. Under normal circumstances it shouldnot constitute more than 10 to 20 percent of your speech.2. Be on the lookout for possible introductory materials as you do your research. File them with your notes, so they will be handy when you are ready for them.3. Be creative in devising your introduction. Experiment with two or three different openings and choose the one that seemsmost likely to get the audience interested in your speech.4. Don’t worry about the exact wo rding of your introduction until you have finished preparing the body of the speech. After you have determined your main points, it will be much easier to make final decisions about how to begin the speech.5. Work out your introduction in detail. Some teachers recommend that you write it out word for word; others prefer that you outline it. Whichever method you use, practice the introduction over and over until you can deliver it smoothly from a minimum of notes and with strong eye contact. This will get your speech off to a good start and give you a big boost of confidence.Some common faults of introductionsDon’t apologize.Don’t pretendDon’t make hollow promisesDon’t rely on gimmicksDon’t preface your introductionchapter 5 conclusionTo let the audience know you are ending the speech“In conclusion”“One last thought”“In closing”“My purpose has been”“Let me end by saying”Reinforce the central idea1. Summarize your speech2. End with a quotation3. Make a dramatic statement4. Refer to the introduction5. MotivateTips for preparing the conclusion1. As with the introduction, keep an aye out for possible concluding materials as you research and develop the speech.2. Conclude with a bang, not a whimper. Be creative in devising a conclusion that hits the hearts and minds of your audience. Work on several possible endings, and select the one that seems likely to have the greatest impact.3.Do not be long-winded. The conclusion will normally make up no more than about5 to 10 percent of your speech. Nothing aggravates audiences more than aspeaker who says, “In conclusion” and keeps on talking.chapter 6 -7 language_deliveryLanguage is importantMeaning of wordsUsing language accuratelyUsing language clearlyUsing language vividlyUsing language appropriatelyA note on inclusive languageUsing language clearly1. Use familiar words2. Choose concrete words3. Eliminate clutter2. Choose concrete wordsConcrete words: words that refer to tangible objectsAbstract words: words that refer to ideas or conceptsKeep this in mind: few words are completely abstract orconcrete.Abstractness and concreteness are relative.Two main ways to use moving and vivid language: imagery and rhythm1. Imagery: (意象）The use of vivid language to create mental images of objects, actions or ideas.It is a word picture that gets you totally involved.Three ways to generate imagery:A. Concrete wordsB. Simile（明喻）An explicit comparison introduced with the word “like” or “as” between things that are essentially different y et have something in common. Example: C. Metaphor （暗喻）Unlike simile, metaphor does not contain the words “like” or “as”.2. Rhythm（节奏）The pattern of sound in a speech created by the choice and arrangement of words.Four basic stylistic devices to improve the rhythmA. Parallelism（排比）: the similar arrangement of a pair or series of related words, phrases, or sentences. Examples:①Rich and poor, intelligent and ignorant, wise and foolish, virtuous and vicious, man and woman---it is ever the same, each soul must depend wholly on itself.(Elizabeth Cady Stanton)②There is no Negro problem. There is no Southern problem. There is no Northernproblem. There is only an American problem. (Lyndon Johnson)③I speak as a Republican. I speak as a woman. I speak as a United Sates Senator.I speak as an American.(Margaret Chase Smith)B. RepetitionRepeating the same word or set of words at the beginning or end of successive clausesor sentences①When you see your street, see my street. When you see your house, see my house. When you see your children, see my children. (Whitney Young, Jr.)②We will not tire, we will not falter, we will not fail. (George W .Bush)C. Alliteration（头韵法）Repetition of the initial consonant sound of close or adjoining words. Examples:①Peace is essential for progress, but progress is no less essential for Peace. (Liaquat Ali Khan)②In a nation founded on the promise of human dignity, our colleges, our communities,our country should challenge hatred wherever we find it. (Hillary Rodham Clinton)D. Antithesis 对比法The juxtaposition of contrasting ideas, usually in parallel structure. Examples:①Ask not what your country c an do for you; ask what you can do for your country. (John. F. Kennedy)②Your success as a family, our success as a society, depends not on what happensat the White House, but on what happens inside your house.(Barbara Bush)Using language appropriately恰当地使用语言1. Appropriate to the occasion2. Appropriate to the audience3. Appropriate to the topic4. Appropriate to the speakerA NOTE ON INCLUSIVE LANGUAGEInclusive language: language that does not stereotype, demean, or patronize people on the basis of gender, race, religion, disability, sexual orientation, or other factors.Four basic methods of delivering a speechReading from a manuscript: A speech that is written out word for word and read to the audience.Reciting from memorySpeaking impromptu: a speech delivered with little or no immediate preparation.Speaking extemporaneously: A carefully prepared and rehearsed speech that is presented from a brief set of notes.The speaker’s voiceThe aspects of voice you should work to control are:Volume 音量Pitch 音高Rate 频率Pauses 停顿Vocal variety 嗓音变化PronunciationThe speaker’s voicevolume : the loudness or softness of the speaker’s voice.Pitch: t he highness or lowness of the speaker’s voice.Rate: the speed at which a person speaks.The speaker’s body1. Personal appearance2. Movement3. Gestures4. Eye contactThere are four basic methods of delivering a speech, They are Reading from a manuscript.Reciting from memorySpeaking impromptuSpeaking extemporaneouslychapter 8 Special。
英文辩论演讲面试题目及答案
英文辩论演讲面试题目及答案Introduction:The art of debate and public speaking is an essential skill in today's world. It requires the ability to construct a logical argument, think critically, and effectively communicate one's ideas. In this article, we will explore a few common English debate speech topics and provide sample answers for each.Topic 1: Should capital punishment be abolished?Sample Answer:Ladies and gentlemen, esteemed judges, and fellow debaters. The topic before us today is whether capital punishment should be abolished. As the first speaker of the affirmative side, I strongly believe that it should indeed be abolished for several reasons.Firstly, capital punishment goes against the fundamental right to life, which is enshrined in many international human rights conventions. Every human being deserves the right to live, regardless of their actions or crimes committed. The death penalty contradicts this basic principle and denies individuals the opportunity to rectify their mistakes or seek redemption.Secondly, capital punishment is irreversible. In the unfortunate event of a wrongful conviction, there is no going back once an execution has occurred. History has shown numerous cases of innocent individuals being put to death, highlighting the fallibility of the justice system. A system thatallows for such irreversible consequences is inherently flawed and should not be retained.Lastly, capital punishment does not serve as an effective deterrent to crime. Studies have shown that countries without the death penalty often have lower murder rates than those that employ it. The idea that the ultimate punishment will dissuade potential criminals has been debunked. Instead, attention should be given to addressing the root causes of crime and rehabilitating offenders to prevent reoffending.Topic 2: Is technology making us more isolated?Sample Answer:Good afternoon, ladies and gentlemen. Today's topic centers around the question of whether technology is making us more isolated. As the second speaker of the negative side, I stand firm in my belief that technology, when used responsibly, actually enhances human connectivity.To begin, technology has revolutionized communication, breaking down physical barriers and allowing individuals to connect across vast distances. Platforms such as social media, video conferencing, and messaging apps have made it easier than ever to maintain relationships, even when separated by great distances. Through these digital means, we can share life's experiences, support one another, and bridge cultural divides.Furthermore, technology serves as a tool for collaboration and knowledge-sharing. Online forums, virtual classrooms, and group project platforms enable individuals from diverse backgrounds to come together,exchange ideas, and learn from one another. This fosters a sense of community and breaks down the isolation that may have previously existed.However, it is important to acknowledge that overuse or misuse of technology can lead to isolation. Excessive screen time and detachment from real-world interactions can be detrimental to mental health and social connections. Therefore, it is crucial that individuals find a balance between their digital lives and the physical world to fully reap the benefits of technology while mitigating any negative impacts.In conclusion, technology itself does not make us more isolated. It is our responsibility to use it judiciously, ensuring that it serves as a tool for connection rather than a barrier to human interaction.Conclusion:Debate topics such as the abolition of capital punishment and the effects of technology on human connectivity stretch our critical thinking abilities and our ability to articulate our thoughts effectively. As shown through the sample answers provided, engaging in debates and presenting persuasive arguments in English require a clear structure, logical reasoning, and comprehensive language skills. By practicing and developing these skills, we can become confident debaters and adept communicators.。
国际交流英文演讲与辩论慕课习题笔记
Unit 1 Education Exchange1.Which one is with the greatest importance when preparing for an informative presentation?Setting take-home message2. A good speech requires a clear structure and ______.logical reasoning3.The followings are the main benefits of a debate except ________.helping people become more passionate4.If a university administrator is to introduce the campus and facilities to overseas studentsstudying at the university, which of the following should he consider while preparing for the presentation? ___________ .Majors of the overseas students.Languages of the overseas students.Interests of the overseas students.5.If an education exchange institution is making a speech attracting more people to join theiroverseas study program, which of the following should be included in the speech?Benefits of studying abroadAdvantages of their programs.Successful experiences of their overseas study program.Unit 2 Artificial Intelligence1.You’d better put __________ in your slides.simple phrases and key words2.Which of the following statements is NOT right about body language?The speaker should always smile even when he/she expresses the emotion ofpity.3.When the debater says: “My partner and I have come up with some definitions to further clarifythis round. Our first definition is death. We define it as both brain and cardiac death. Our second definition is organs. …”, what is the debater doing?Doing motion defining.4.If you are to design PowerPoint slides with the topic of “AI and my future career”, what shouldbe the main parts in your slides?Powerful headline: AI: A helping hand in my career.Key message: Learning to work with AI in my future career.Preview/review slide (outlines indicating why and how to work with AI). Jimmy was5.practicing a speech with his friends. He was told that his gestures were not appropriate. Whichof the following behavior of Jimmy should be avoided to make good gestures in a speech?put his hand in and out of pocket frequently.wave his two hands high above his head.make gestures just in front of his face.Unit3 Tourism and Leisure1.If an informative presentation starts with: “Every second, a slice of rainforest, the size of afootball field, is mowed down. That's over 31 million football fields of rainforest each year”, what opening method is used?Giving statistics.2.If a presenter says, “Today I’d like to tell you about three smart ways to save your money whiletraveling. In my brief presentation we’ll begin by . . . Then I’ll give another smart way . . . and finally I’d like to talk about . . .”, he is giving______.an introduction3.When you announce your opinion in your speech, you’d better___________ .slow down a bit4.When you stand on the stage, delivering a speech with a microphone, which of the following isNOT appropriate?Murmur to yourself.Hold the microphone directly to your mouth.Shout with the largest volume.5.Which of the following are possible benefits of taking a budget tour?Seeing different people.Experiencing different cultureBroadening one’s horizon.Learning to be independent.Unit 4 National and Cultural Identity1.When introducing to a tour group to America about what they should do when encounteringany emergencies or other problems, which of the following body structures might the speaker use?Problem-solution order.2.When designing a question for the beginning part of your speech, you should_______.make up a question based on the audience analysis3.For the motion: Museums should return their collected artifacts to the home countries, when theoppositional team says:" if the motion is implemented, museums will be discouraged from collecting artifacts, then a lot of first-class artwork might get lost", the team is to present _______ that might be caused by the motion.physical injuryually in the ending part of a speech, speakers would choose to refer back to the lead-in part.What are the benefit(s) of doing that?It will give a sense of connection and closure.It will leave a strong final impression on the audience.It will help your audience recall your speech.It will help re-emphasize your main idea.5.Which of the following stories can support the idea “the Chinese culture will be carried forwardin the era of globalization” in a public speech?The young generation in China celebrate both Christmas and Spring Festival.Foreigners are increasingly interested in Martial arts and Confucianism.Some famous Chinese calligraphy and ink painting works are displayed in well-known museums around the world.Unit 5 Men and Women1.Which of the following are “representative” stories in a speech?Typical stories supporting the key idea.2.Which of the following are NOT right about choosing stories in a speech?Use as many stories as possbile.3.Suppose the propositional case is: Women should quit their jobs and become stay-at-homemoms, which of the following arguments is the most important and should be attacked?It is harder or even impossible for women to balance housework and their jobs nowadays for some reasons.4.Michelle uses the story of her daughters’ first day at new school to persuade the public to votefor Hillary because she knows________________.the story is relevant to the purpose of voting for a president who cares about childrenthe story is representative and most American families may have similar worriesthe details included in the story can help create vivid picture of insecurity in the audience’s mindthe story can build resonance in her audience’s mind for most of her audience are middle-aged women.5.Which of the following is the right way to refute in a debate?Attacking relevance.Attacking logical leap.Attacking impact.Unit 6 Entrepreneurship1.Which of the following is NOT correct about using data in your speech?Use data as much as possible since they are convincing.2.By saying “Then, we can safely conclude that the self-employment will lead to even moreserious economic and social problems...”, the debater is making a refutation by_______.impacting3.Motion: College graduates should be encouraged to be self-employed.Argument: Job security keeps decreasing nowadays. Even if a college graduate finds a stable job, it is highly possible for him to lose it after a period of time.Which of the following sentences might the debater use to repeat, or identify the argument he is going to refute?As is mentioned by the propositional side, jobs are no longer as stable as they once were,... 4.Which expressions of transition can be used to emphasize the main points of your presentation?This ties in with the most important statement...This relates directly to the question I put to you before...By the end of the presentation, you will understand...As you remember, we are concerned with...5.Which of the following expressions are appropriate in leading to the third step of refutation:Replacing?Due to the fact that…On account of….Unit 7 Human and Nature1.Which of the following statements is NOT correct in terms of language appropriateness inpresentation.You may choose formal or informal words in presentation according to your own preference. 2.Parallel structures are highly recommended to speakers in persuasive speech for ______.all of the above3.What is the language feature of the sentence: Books are to mankind what memory is toindividual?Analogy4.Which of the following are effective ways to modify and monitor your language in presentations?Revise your script and slides several times after completing the draft.Rehearse your presentation and have someone evaluate your performance.Record your own speech and transcribe it so as to identify your grammatical mistakes.Raise awareness of your ‘recurrent’ grammatical mistakes so that you will be more cautious in your presentation.5.Which of the following are appropriate recovery phrases to correct any mistakes in yourpresentation?Let me just say that in another way, ...Put another way, this means...What I mean to say is...Perhaps I can rephrase that.Unit 8 Globalization1.Which of the following is NOT the correct response if embarrassing silence occurs in Q & Asession?Wait and Wait and Wait till someone offers a question. /Sing a song for the audience.2.What should you do if you feel nervous on the stage?Tell yourself that you are the authority, and most of the audience are friendly to you.3.What is the correct sequence in “Debate Format”?Case construction, Counter-case construction, Refutation and Closing speeches.4.What are the key elements in delivering an informative presentation?Effective ways to achieve smooth transition, monitor your language, and handle Q & A in your presentation.Designing your PowerPoint slides smartly: Display only the main and significant points.Structuring your presentation with an opening and introduction to catch the audience’s attention;a body structure to build clear and logic relationship of the ideas; an ending part summarizingkey elements and key appeal of your presentation impressively.Preparing your presentation: Don’t forget your Take-Home message.5.What are the three key elements in a public speech?LanguageContent。
演讲与辩论;说话的要诀
演讲与辩论;说话的要诀英文回答：Public Speaking and Debate; Essential Advice for Speech Delivery。
Public speaking and debate can be daunting tasks, but with the right preparation and practice, it is possible to deliver a speech that captivates your audience. Here are essential tips for effective speech delivery:1. Know Your Audience:Knowing your audience is key to tailoring your speechto their interests and needs. Consider their age, education level, background, and any specific interests they may have. This will help you choose appropriate language, examples, and tone.2. Structure Your Speech:A well-structured speech has a clear introduction, body, and conclusion. Start with a strong hook that grabs attention, then provide a brief overview of what you willbe discussing. In the body, develop your main points logically, supporting them with evidence and examples. End with a powerful conclusion that summarizes your key points and leaves a lasting impression.3. Practice, Practice, Practice:The more you practice your speech, the more confident and polished you will become. Practice in front of a mirror or with a trusted friend or family member. Pay attention to your pacing, volume, and body language. Aim to soundnatural and conversational, while also projecting yourvoice clearly.4. Use Body Language Effectively:Body language can convey just as much meaning as your words. Stand up straight, make eye contact with youraudience, and use gestures to emphasize your points. Avoid fidgeting or distracting movements, as these can weaken your credibility.5. Engage Your Audience:Keep your audience engaged by interacting with them throughout your speech. Ask questions, share personal anecdotes, or use humor to connect with them. Encourage audience participation if possible, such as asking for a show of hands or inviting them to share their thoughts.6. Adapt to the Situation:Be prepared to adapt your speech to different situations. If the audience is smaller than expected, you may need to adjust your volume and pace. If the environment is noisy, you may need to speak more loudly or use a microphone. Stay flexible and make adjustments as needed.7. Handle Nervousness:It is normal to feel nervous before giving a speech. Use deep breathing techniques or meditation to calm your nerves. Focus on connecting with your audience rather than your fears. Remember that the more you practice, the more confident you will become.Additional Tips:Use visual aids sparingly to enhance your speech without distracting from it.Be authentic and passionate about your topic. Your enthusiasm will be contagious.Dress appropriately for the occasion.Arrive early to familiarize yourself with the speaking environment.Be respectful of other speakers and audience members.Remember, public speaking and debate are skills thatcan be developed with practice. By following these tips,you can deliver speeches that inform, persuade, and inspire your audience.中文回答：演讲与辩论；说话的要诀。
英语演讲与辩论1.
How to write effective speechesLearning how to write a speech needn't be a nail biting experience! First of all, you need the overview or outline of the speech. If you haven't gotten one, check these guidelines on how to prepare a speech outline. Before starting writing ,you should figure out the five major aspects:Who,When ,What, Where ,Why and How. They can be expanded in details as follows :1. Who ---am I speaking to --- audienceThe main consideration in a speech is always your audience. A good speech is never written from only the speaker's point of view.Make sure that you select someone who represents the majority. (you can call him John in your mindThat is they are struggling to comprehend you at the bottom of your scale or light-years ahead at the top. In a word, if a speaker is a salesman ,then audiences are the customers----your god! a Write down everything you know about the audience,such as age , education ,etc..b Understand what they will be interested in --- examples, content, stories, etc.c identify the number of people, age group, gender, ethnicity (if appropriate, common uniting factors, and specific interests they might have.2. What --- is the subject --- general or specificAs a speaker, you must make it clear that:a Are you positive or negative about it? Or neither?b What statement do you want to make?c What you are going to present?It may even include the effect you want to make on the audience3. How ---are you going to showa How long will the speech keep on? A short speech within 5 minutes or long speeche ? Or long speech?.b How will you clarify it? Which will you prefer to make it ,by one or more major themes?4. When --- is your speech? -9Am.? Just before lunch?Sometimes it seems nothing serious ,but if you take it into consideration ,you may keep yourself away from a lot of troubles. You can put yourself from the standpoint of audiences, and know more about their feelings through simulative thoughts in your mind. Finally you can adjust your speech.5. Where --- is the physical layout of the room and the speaking area?a Will they see me easily?b Will they hear my clearly?c Is the microphone needed?d Is there a place to put my note?e Are there technological resources?After having a clear goal of your work ,you can easily decide the theme of your speech. And the following is the steps to finish a prepared speech. Step1: looking for, selecting and refining the speech materials On the whole, the intention of the combination of materials is based on the keynote speaker.First, gather all relevant materials and arguments, including the presentation of the facts and other necessary materials, demonstration materials and reference materials.Second is the choice of material. Filter out to the point, the typical, interesting and fresh material; abandon the old, non-representative, overused ones.Then extract material. Before you put them as part of yourmanuscript ,you must verify the authenticity and accuracy of the material. You should tap the circumstances from these chosen materials, such as the character's language, action, heart activities ,etc.Step 2:extracting the title of speechIs the title of my presentation attractive? A good start is half done. So it is with speech. Lecture title reflects extraordinary head start. It appeals the audience and leaves the first impression on them. Audiences often want to hear a lecture because of the title.Title language should be simple, concise and easy to sing. Speech title does not mean the theme.If the theme is like the heart of the speech, then the title is like the eyes of speech.Step3: the writing of speechThis part includes the central argument of the speech, the sub-arguments, and the filtered materials to "pigtails" . It clarifies the logical link among the various points ,the size of the designed presentation level and the order to compile the summary . The vertical structure may be divided as follows:1 The beginning should be fascinating and unconventionalThe beginning of a speech should strive to get the audiences’ attention quickly .You can set it as a suspense ,or just get straight to the point . You can raise several questions ,or simply begin with an allegorical story, an aphorisms,an introduction of a relevant background, motivation or purpose of the speech.For example,clever as Martin, he begins his world famous speech "I Have A Dream" as "Five score years ago, a great American, in whose symbolic shadow we stand today, signed the Emancipation Proclamation... ." With no superfluous words,just get straight to the topic with backgrounds.2 The main body of the manuscriptAs important as the beginning and the ending ,the body is the leadingactor.You do not have to write down everything you're going to say but you do need to write down the sequence of ideas to ensure they are logical and easily followed.Remember to explain or illustrate your point with examples from your research.(*Tip: If this is your first speech, the safety net of having everything written down could be just what you need. It's easier to recover from a patch of jitters when you have a full set of notes than if you have nothing or just a bare outline.At least there are two special modes:mode of argument structure and narrative structure model.1 Argumentative structure model. That is arranged in the structure of ordinary paper. By asking the questions, analyzing arguments, and concluding that three parts. The problem is usually the order structure, analysis and demonstration in the middle.2 Narrative structure model. Psychologist clues to the audiences that the structure of the arrangements mainly impress the audiences in the fun, emotion , like the story beginsin a novel. Obvious separation of issues, arguments and conclusions of the various parts in the narrative thrust of the proposal revealed; describe a few things or timesequence, or space-order, proceeding from the purpose of engagingarrangements. Speech may be composed of several paragraphs, according to time order, alphabetical order parts. Put it in the general pattern of speech, compared with the structure. Do not assume because you know what you're talking about the person you've chosen to represent your audience will know too. a Check the tone of your language. Is it right for the occasion, subject matter and your audience? b Check the length of your sentences. If they're too long or complicated you risk losing your listeners. Will everybody well understand your words? There are 5 cent words and $5.00 words. Why use a $5.00 one when a 5 cent one tells it better?' Example: He 'spat' = 5 cents. He'expectorated' = $5.00.Read what you've written out loudly.If it flows naturally, continue the process with your next main idea. If it doesn't, rework.Remember that you are writing oral language. You are writing as if you were explaining, telling or showing something to someone. It doesn't have to be perfect sentences. We don't talk like that. We use whole sentences ,part ones and we mix them up with asides or appeals. For example, 'Did you get that? Of course you did.Right...Let's move it along. I was saying ...' 3 The ending The ending of the entire speech to the audience is left to a full, clear idea, and strive to be revealed. It should point the subject and wok as induction.The basic requirement of a good ending is to mention hope and express passion. According to theme of your speech ,you can make it as a summary style, a call type, or oath ceremony as well as a wished the ceremony. A provoking ending may win extra credits for your speech. Example: The desired outcome of a speech persuading people to vote for you in an upcoming election is that they do so. You can help that outcome along by calling them to register their support by signing a prepared pledge statement as they leave.。
大学mooc国际交流英文演讲与辩论(湖南大学)章节测验期末考试答案
解忧书店JieYouBookshop第一单元检测1单选(2分)The most important feature of good arguments in a debate should be_______.A.optimisticB.passionateC.movingD.logical正确答案：D你选对了2单选(2分)Which of the following is NOT an informative presentation?A.An expert educating the audience on life saving skills.B.A company explaining a new product to the public at a conference.C.An engineer reporting the progress of his project.D.A famous schoolmate persuading college graduates to study abroad.正确答案：D你选对了3单选(2分)The followings are the main benefits of a debate except ________.A.helping people make informed decisionsB.helping people become more passionateC. helping people cooperateD.helping people know more about the world正确答案：B你选对了4多选(2分)If a university administrator is to introduce the campus and facilities to overseas students studying at the university, which of the following should he consider while preparing for the presentation?___________ (多选题）.A.Height of the overseas students.B.Interests of the overseas students.C. Languages of the overseas students.D.Majors of the overseas students.正确答案：B、C、D你选对了5多选(2分)With the motion “Foreign university rankings should not be the decisive factor in choosing a school”, which perspectives should you consider when preparing the debate? (多选）A.Reasons for applying current standard.B. Recommendation of other choices.C.Advantages and disadvantages of the current standard.D.General criterion of most college students in choosing a foreign university.0.50/2.00正确答案：A、B、C、D你错选为D1单选(2分)Which one is with the greatest importance when preparing for an informative presentation?A.Considering presentation organizationB. Setting take-home messageC.Customizing the presentation for the audienceD.None of the above正确答案：B你选对了2单选(2分)A good speech requires a clear structure and ______.A.logical reasoningB.a lot of gesturesrmal languageD.a humorous beginning正确答案：A你选对了5多选(2分)If an education exchange institution is making a speech attracting more people to join their overseas study program, which of the following should be included in the speech? (多选）A. Advantages of their programs.B.Successful experiences of their overseas study program.C.Benefits of studying abroad.D. Loneliness of overseas students.该题无法得分/2.00正确答案：A、B、C你错选为D第二单元检测1单选(2分)You’d better put __________ in your slides.A.simple phrases and key wordsB.the whole passageC.paragraphsplete and long sentences正确答案：A你选对了2单选(2分)When the debater says: “My partner and I have come up with some definitions to further clarify this round. Our first definition is death. We define it as both brain and cardiac death. Our seconddefinition is organs. …”, what is the debater doing?A.Arguing with the other team member.B. Making a conclusion.C.Doing motion defining.D.Arguing with his own team member.正确答案：C你选对了3单选(2分)The following terms should be defined in the motion “AI will take the place of language teachers in China in the future.” except for________.A.placeB.AIC.futureD. language teachers正确答案：A你选对了4多选(2分)Jimmy was practicing a speech with his friends. He was told that his gestures were not appropriate. Which of the following behavior of Jimmy should be avoided to make good gestures in a speech?A.give a gesture while emphasizing something.B.wave his two hands high above his head.C. put his hand in and out of pocket frequently.D.make gestures just in front of his face.正确答案：B、C、D你选对了5多选(2分)With the motion “Beauty contests should be abolished”, the debater may define the motion as “The beauty contests whose contestants are under 18 should not be allowed”. Which of the following steps have been taken in this process?A.The literal meaning of the term “beauty contests” is given as “ competitions traditionally focusing on judging and ranking the physical attributes of the contestants”.B.The literal meaning of the term “be abolished” is given as “ not be allowed”.C.The key te rm “beauty contests” is narrowed down as “the beauty contests whose contestants are under 18”.D.The key words “ beauty contests” and “abolished” are located.正确答案：A、B、C、D你错选为D1单选(2分)Which of the following statements is NOT right about body language?A.Eye contact can enhance speaker’s impact as a presenter.B.Smile has the function of covering up the nervousness of speaker.C.The speaker’s facial expressions should match his/her emotion.D.The speaker should always smile even when he/she expresses the emotion ofpity.正确答案：D你选对了2单选(2分)If you feel too nervous to look into the eyes of the audience, you may look at ____.A.the audience’s handsB.the ceilingC. the audience’s nosesD.the ground正确答案：C你选对了4多选(2分)If you are to design PowerPoint slides with the topic of “AI and my future career”, what should be the main parts in your slides?A.Powerful headline: AI: A helping hand in my career.B.Key message: Learning to work with AI in my future career.C.Preview/review slide (outlines indicating why and how to work with AI).D.A complete movie.正确答案：A、B、C你选对了第三单元检测1单选(2分)If an informative presentation starts with: “Every second, a slice of rainforest, the size of a football field, is mowed down. That's over 31 million football fields of rainforest each year”, what opening method is used?ing a ‘what if’ scenario.B.Giving quotations.C.Giving questions.D.Giving statistics.正确答案：D你选对了2单选(2分)If an informative presentation starts with: “The idea of buying low and selling high is wrong!”, what opening method is used?A.Giving a provocative statement.B.Giving questions.C. Giving pictures.D. Using the word ‘imagine’.正确答案：A你选对了3单选(2分)When you announce your opinion in your spee ch, you’d better___________ .A.keep your pace of speech unchangedB.speed up a bitC.lower the volume of your voiceD.slow down a bit正确答案：D你选对了多选(2分)When you stand on the stage, delivering a speech with a microphone, which of the following is NOT appropriate?(多选）A.Take a deep breath before you start speaking.B.Hold the microphone directly to your mouth.C.Shout with the largest volume.D.Murmur to yourself.正确答案：B、C、D你选对了5多选(2分)Which of the following are possible benefits of taking a budget tour?A.Broadening one’s horizon.B.Learning to be independent.C.Experiencing different cultureD.Seeing different people.0.50/2.00正确答案：A、B、C、D你错选为D3单选(2分)If you are going to tell your audience a story about your childhood, and create ancozy and warm atmosphere, you should ________.A.speed up and rise the volumeB.speed up and decrease the volumeC.slow down and speak softlyD.slow down and speak firmly with power正确答案：C你选对了3单选(2分)When the debater says, “ According to the newly released resear ch by WHO, about 600 millionChinese are short-sighted,” he/she is talking from the perspective of _________.A.changing importanceB.decreasing importanceC.quantitative significanceD.qualitative significance正确答案：C你选对了2单选(2分)If a presenter says, “Today I’d like to tell you about three smart ways to save your money while traveling. In my brief presentation we’ll begin by . . . Then I’ll give another smart way . . . and finally I’d like to talk about . . .”, he is giving______.A.a debateB.an openingC.a conclusionD.an introduction正确答案：D你选对了第四单元检测1单选(2分)While presenting the topic “Chinese ancient culture and Indian ancient culture”, the speaker first reports Chinese ancient culture with four main features and its history, then introduces those of Indian ancient culture. Which pattern does the speaker apply to make comparison and contrast in this presentation?A.Point-by-subject pattern.B.Subject-by-point pattern.C.Subject-by-subject pattern.D.Point-by-point pattern.正确答案：C你选对了2单选(2分)When introducing to a tour group to America about what they should do when encountering any emergencies or other problems, which of the following body structures might the speaker use?A.Problem-solution order.B.Topical order.C.Cause-effect order.parison and contrast.正确答案：A你选对了3单选(2分)For the motion: Museums should return their collected artifacts to the home countries, when the oppositional team says:" if the motion is implemented, museums will be discouraged from collecting artifacts, then a lot of first-class artwork might get lost", the team is to present _______ that might be caused by the motion.ck of moneyB.counterplanck of authorityD.physical injury正确答案：D你选对了4多选(2分)When the speaker gives the hypothesis that Chinese young people are more and more concerned about national culture, which of the following evidence might be used to support the hypothesis? (多选）A.Young people are increasingly interested in practising calligraphy and Chinese painting.B.Campus interviews indicate that majorities of young people are aware of their responsibility in inheriting national culture.C.A large number of young people are seen in TV programs exhibiting their knowledge of Chinese classic poems.D.Han Chinese clothing (汉服）has become more and more popular in some community activities ofyoung people.正确答案：A、B、C、D你选对了5多选(2分)Usually in the ending part of a speech, speakers would choose to refer back to the lead-in part. What are the benefit(s) of doing that?A.It will help your audience recall your speech.B.It will leave a strong final impression on the audience.C.It will help re-emphasize your main idea.D.It will give a sense of connection and closure.0.50/2.00正确答案：A、B、C、D你错选为D2单选(2分)When designing a question for the beginning part of your speech, you should_______.A.choose a question according to your own preference.B.raise a very difficult question to your audience.C.make up a question based on the audience analysisD.invent a new question that has never been asked before.正确答案：C你选对了5多选(2分)Which of the following stories can support the idea “the Chinese culture will be carried forward in the era of globalization” in a public speech?A.Chinese senior citizens take square dancing as one of their favorite activities.B.The young generation in China celebrate both Christmas and Spring Festival.C.Foreigners are increasingly interested in Martial arts and Confucianism.D.Some famous Chinese calligraphy and ink painting works are displayed in well-known museums around the world.正确答案：B、C、D你错选为D第五单元检测1单选(2分)In a survey report on the present situation of females in the job market, the presenter says: “We recommend that successful females should share their experience and influence more females with their positive values and power.” Which of the following techniques are applied here in this ending part?A.making a summaryB.giving a commentC.suggesting a solutionD.making a prediction正确答案：C你选对了2单选(2分)Which of the following are “representative” s tories in a speech?A.Stories frequently used in famous speeches.B.Stories of fantasy.C.Typical stories supporting the key idea.D.Stories familiar to most people.正确答案：C你选对了3单选(2分)Suppose the propositional case is: Women should quit their jobs and become stay-at-home moms, which of the following arguments is the most important and should be attacked?A. It is harder or even impossible for women to balance housework and their jobs nowadays for some reasons.B.It’s easier for stay-at-home moms to build a harmonious relationship in the family.C.Whether women should stay at home is decided by their working abilities.D.Women are born to be housewives.正确答案：A你选对了4多选(2分)Michelle uses the story of her daughters’ first day at new school to persuade the public to vote for Hillary because she knows________________.A.the story is representative and most American families may have similar worriesB.the story is relevant to the purpose of voting for a president who cares about childrenC.the details include d in the story can help create vivid picture of insecurity in the audience’s mindD.the story can build resonance in her audience’s mind for most of her audience are middle-aged women.正确答案：A、B、C、D你选对了5多选(2分)Which of the following is the right way to refute in a debate?A.Attacking relevance.B.Attacking impact.C.Attacking motion defining.D.Attacking logical leap.0.66/2.00正确答案：A、B、D你错选为D3单选(2分)Which of the following are NOT right about choosing stories in a speech?A.Apply some humor in storiese as many stories as possbile.C.Avoid overriding storiesD.Include detail in stories正确答案：B你选对了2单选(2分)When the speaker ends the presentation by saying: “Every day girls around the world are fighting for their freedom. On this International Day of the Girl, join them and raise your voice”, the speaker is using the technique of ________.A.quotationB.rhetorical questionsC.storyD.call for action正确答案：D你选对了4多选(2分)Which of the following are appropriate in restating ideas in the ending part of a presentation?A.Adopting different sentence patterns.B.Keeping the key words.ing synonymous expressions.D.Repeating the same sentences in introduction.正确答案：A、B、C你选对了第六单元检测1单选(2分)Which of the following is NOT correct about using data in your speech?A.To help the audience better understand the data, you need to situate them in a familiar context.B.Your data should be updated.e data as much as possible since they are convincing.D.You may simplify some data so that your audience can get them quickly.正确答案：C你选对了2单选(2分)By saying “Then, we can safely conclude that the self-employment will lead to even more seriouseconomic and social problems...”, the debater is making a refutation by_______.A.impactingB.replacingC.refutingD.repeating正确答案：A你选对了3单选(2分)Motion: College graduates should be encouraged to be self-employed.Argument: Job security keeps decreasing nowadays. Even if a college graduate finds a stable job, it is highly possible for him to lose it after a period of time.Which of the following sentences might the debater use to repeat, or identify the argument he is going to refute?A.As is mentioned by the propositional side, jobs are no longer as stable as they once were,...B.So, we believe that jobs are no longer as stable as they once were...C.Due to the fact that jobs are no longer as stable as they once were, ...D.However from our perspective, jobs are no longer as stable as they once were...正确答案：A你选对了4多选(2分)Where should we use transitions?A.At the beginning of the presentation.B.All of the above.C.In the body of the presentation.D.At the end of the presentation.正确答案：A、B、C、D你选对了5多选(2分)When you use a quotation to support your idea, you need to take into considerationwhether______. (多选）A.you have identified the person you quoteB.the quotation is directly linked to the ideaC.the quotation is world famous.D.the quotation is easy to understand正确答案：A、B、D你错选为D1单选(2分)Which sentence can be used to get th e audience’s attention with an intriguing beginning?A.My presentation is in three parts.B.I’d now like to move on to…C.Today, we are going to talk about…D.Have you ever thought about…?正确答案：D你选对了5多选(2分)Which expressions of transition can be used to emphasize the main points of your presentation? (多选）A.By the end of the presentation, you will understand...B.This ties in with the most important statement...C.As you remember, we are concerned with...D.This relates directly to the question I put to you before...正确答案：A、B、C、D你错选为D5多选(2分)Which of the following expressions are appropriate in leading to the third step of refutation: Replacing? (多选）A.On account of….B.Because ..C.Due to the fact that…D.However from our perspective…该题无法得分/2.00正确答案：A、B、C你错选为D第七单元检测1单选(2分)Which of the following statements is NOT correct in terms of language appropriateness in presentation.A.If your audience do not have professional knowledge, you’d better paraphrase the technical terms with general terms, or add translation to the technical terms.B.Avoid using any offensive terms in your presentation such as “fat”, “stupid”, etc.C.You may choose formal or informal words in presentation according to your own preference.D.In some formal settings, such as academic presentations, you might want to use more formal words than informal expressions.正确答案：C你选对了2单选(2分)When the speaker wants to add balance and rhythm to sentences, and give ideas a smoother flow by repetition, he usually uses the method of_______.A.quotationB.storytellingC.parallel structureD.analogy正确答案：C你选对了3单选(2分)Parallel structures are highly recommended to speakers in persuasive speech for ______.A.listing itemsB.all of the aboveC.calling for actionsD.reaching climax正确答案：B你选对了4多选(2分)Which of the following are effective ways to modify and monitor your language in presentations? (多选）A.Raise awareness of your ‘recurrent’ grammatical mistakes so that you will be more cautious in your presentation.B.Rehearse your presentation and have someone evaluate your performance.C.Revise your script and slides several times after completing the draft.D.Record your own speech and transcribe it so as to identify your grammatical mistakes.正确答案：A、B、C、D你选对了5多选(2分)Which of the following are appropriate recovery phrases to correct any mistakes in your presentation?A.Perhaps I can rephrase that.B.Let me just say that in another way, ...C.Put another way, this means...D.What I mean to say is...正确答案：A、B、C、D你错选为D1单选(2分)If you are going to point out a fallacy, you should start by saying:________.A.There is a fallacy: it is really insane to say…B.If you are smart enough, you would see there is a fallacy…C.There is a fallacy: it is really stupid to say…D.It is a fallacy that…正确答案：D你选对了2For the argument that “peak oil means that we need nuclear power as a substitute”, how should we point out that it is a fallacy?A.It is a fallacy because oil is safer than nuclear power.B.It is a fallacy because oil is mainly burnt for transport while nuclear power for electricity and they serve different purposes.C.It is a fallacy because oil is cheaper than nuclear power.D.It is a fallacy because oil and nuclear power are different things.正确答案：B你选对了3单选(2分)What is the language feature of the sentence: Books are to mankind what memory is to individual?A.Data.B.Analogy .C.None of the above.D.Parallel structure.正确答案：B你选对了第八单元检测1单选(2分)Which of the following is NOT the reason for the speaker to repeat or paraphrase the question before giving the answer?A.It gives the speaker time to figure out what answer the audience expect.B.It gives the speaker time to read between the lines so as to totally understand the question.C.It can help to extend the presentation a little longer.D.It can help to make sure that the audience get and understand the question.正确答案：C你选对了2What should you do if you feel nervous on the stage?A.Try to finish the speech as soon as possible.B.Lower your voice so that no one would find any mistakes.C.Tell yourself that you are the authority, and most of the audience are friendly to you.D.Avoid eye contact with the audience.正确答案：C你选对了3单选(2分)What is the correct sequence in “Debate Format”?A.Refutation, Case construction, Counter-case construction and Closing speeches.B.Case construction, Counter-case construction, Refutation and Closing speeches.C.Counter-case construction, Refutation, Case construction and Closing speeches.D.Case construction, Refutation, Counter-case construction, and Closing speeches.正确答案：B你选对了4多选(2分)What are the key elements in delivering an informative presentation?A.Effective ways to achieve smooth transition, monitor your language, and handle Q & A in your presentation.B.Designing your PowerPoint slides smartly: Display only the main and significant points.C.Structuring your presentation with an opening and introduction to catch the audience’s attention;a body structure to build clear and logic relationship of the ideas; an ending part summarizing key elements and key appeal of your presentation impressively.D.Preparing your presentation: Don’t forget your Take-Home message.正确答案：A、B、C、D你选对了5多选(2分)What are the three key elements in a public speech?A.DeliveryB.PassionC.Contentnguage正确答案：A、C、D你错选为D1单选(2分)Which of the following is NOT the correct response if embarrassing silence occurs in Q & A session?A.Ask the audience: Do you agree with me in saying that...?B.Say directly “A question that people often ask me is…”, then proceed with one of the questions you’ve prepared in advance and spend time answering it.C.Wait and Wait and Wait till someone offers a question. /Sing a song for the audience.D.Go to a specific point you made in your presentation; ask your audience: What do you think of the idea that...?正确答案：C你选对了2单选(2分)By saying “And now let me conclude today’s debate by comparing two major clashes and find out why propositional side did a better job...”, the debater is _____.A.demonstrating the superiority of his side in the clashesB.providing an honest and accurate comparisonC.refuting the arguments offered by the other sideD.highlighting the importance of contributions made by his side正确答案：B你选对了期末考试1单选(2分)If a university administrator is to introduce the campus and facilities to overseas students studying at the university, which of the following should NOT be considered while he prepares for the presentation?A.Majors of the overseas students.B.Height of the overseas students.C.Interests of the overseas students.nguages of the overseas students.正确答案：B你选对了2单选(2分)The main purpose of opening in an informative presentation is to _________.A.outline the presentationB.grab the audience’s attentionC.suggest a solution to a problemD.answer the questions of the audience正确答案：B你选对了3单选(2分)Which of the following statements is NOT right about body language?A.The speaker should just stare at a familiar face among the audience if he/she feels too nervous all the time.B.Eye contact can enhance speaker’s impact as a presenter.C.The speaker’s facial expressions should match his/her emotion.D.Smile has the function of covering up the nervousness of speaker.正确答案：A你选对了4单选(2分)Which of the following is right about choosing stories in a speech?A.Apply as many details in a story as possible.B.Avoid overriding stories.e as many stories as possible.D.Never apply old stories.正确答案：B你选对了5单选(2分)Which is NOT right about parallel structures?A.Parallel structures are at the best service when speakers want to help audience to reach the climax of their emotion.B.Parallel structures are of great help when speakers want to call for action.C.Parallel structures should not be used at the end of the speech.D.Parallel structures are highly recommended when speakers want to list items.正确答案：C你选对了6单选(2分)What should the debater refute?A.Minor arguments.B. Weak arguments.C.Every argument.D.Important arguments.正确答案：D你选对了7单选(2分)Which of the following is right in describing a fallacy?A.A fallacy is something people laugh at.B.A fallacy is a story in an argument.C.A fallacy is the interesting reasoning in an argument.D.A fallacy is a logical mistake.正确答案：D你选对了8单选(2分)Which of the following is NOT the benefit of a debate ?A.Teamwork spirit would be promoted.B.People will become more passionate with debate.rmed decisions will be easier to make.D.The world will be better understood.正确答案：B你选对了9单选(2分)Alan is required to give a speech to introduce the latest development of AI next week. This is a(n) ______ speech.A.ceremonialB.unpreparedC.persuasivermative正确答案：D你选对了10单选(2分)When do you need to slow down a little bit and speak firmly and loudly in a speech?A.When telling the audience a humorous story.B.When telling the audience a sad story.C.When telling the audience an interesting story.D.When emphasizing your topic sentence.正确答案：D你选对了11单选(2分)When you decide to put a question in your speech to arouse the audience’s interest, you should _______.A.stand on their shoes to see whether the question is too easy or too difficultB.try your best to challenge themC.give the simplest question to make sure they know the answerD.give them a question that they could not answer正确答案：A你选对了12单选(2分)While delivering a speech with a microphone, you should ________.A.put the microphone near to your mouth as close as possibleB.shout out with the largest volumeC.murmur to yourselfD.put the microphone near to your mouth but with a distance of about 3-5cm正确答案：D你选对了13多选(2分)Which of the following are the main functions of transitions in a presentation?A.Helping the audience follow your presentation easily.B.Indicating the relationship between points of your presentation.C.Indicating the information structure of your presentation.D.Summarizing main idea of the presentation.正确答案：A、B、C你选对了14多选(2分)Raymond makes a speech in front of the class. He is told that that his gestures have made his classmates feel uncomfortable. Which of the followings will be helpful when practicing gestures? A.Wave his two hands high above his head frequently in order to push the audience’s emotion to the climax.B.Wave his two hands just in front of the face.C.Give a gesture while emphasizing a point.D.Avoid too many gestures.正确答案：C、D你选对了15多选(2分)If you are to design PowerPoint slides with the topic of “AI and my future career”, which of the following should be included as the main parts in your slides?A.Preview/review slide (outlines indicating why and how to work with AI).B.A complete passage about AI.C.Key message: Learning to work with AI in my future career.D.A complete movie about AI.正确答案：A、C你选对了16多选(2分)When the speaker gives the hypothesis that national culture has been valued by more and more Chinese young people, which of the following evidence might be used to support the hypothesis? (多选）A.Young people are increasingly interested in practising calligraphy and Chinese painting.B.The number of women dancing in the square with the folk music has increased a lot.C.Han Chinese clothing (汉服）has become more and more popular in some community activities of young people.D.A large number of young people are seen in TV programs exhibiting their knowledge of Chinese ancient poems.正确答案：A、C、D你选对了17多选(2分)Why do most speakers usually repeat or paraphrase the question before giving the answer?A.It gives the speaker time to figure out what answer the audience expect.B.It can help to make sure that the audience get and understand the question.C.It gives the speaker time to read between the lines so as to totally understand the question.D.It can help to make the presentation last a little longer.正确答案：A、B、C你选对了18多选(2分)Which of the following are the responsibilities of the last debater when making a debate summary?A.To refute the extension offered by the opponent.B.To summarize the debate from the perspective of his side.C.To give new arguments for his side.D.To defend the extension offered by his side.正确答案：A、B、D你选对了。
英辩常见知识点总结
英辩常见知识点总结IntroductionDebating is a form of public speaking that requires a deep understanding of various subjects and the ability to articulate thoughts effectively. English debates, in particular, are often centered around current events, social issues, and political topics. To excel in English debates, it is essential to have a good grasp of common knowledge points that are frequently brought up during such discussions. In this article, we will delve into some of these common knowledge points and explore how they can be effectively utilized in English debates.Current Events and Global IssuesOne of the most common knowledge points in English debates is the understanding of current events and global issues. Debaters are expected to have a comprehensive knowledge of the latest news, including political developments, economic trends, social movements, and environmental issues. This knowledge is crucial for building persuasive arguments and responding to opponents' points effectively. Moreover, staying informed about current events demonstrates a debater's engagement with the world around them and enhances their credibility as a speaker.For example, in a debate about climate change, debaters should be familiar with recent scientific findings, international agreements, and policy proposals related to this issue. They should also be able to articulate the implications of climate change on different regions and populations, as well as the potential solutions that are being debated within the global community. Similarly, in a discussion about international relations, debaters should be knowledgeable about ongoing conflicts, diplomatic negotiations, and geopolitical trends that are shaping the world order.Social and Cultural KnowledgeIn addition to current events, debaters need to be well-versed in social and cultural knowledge. This includes an understanding of societal norms, cultural practices, historical events, and social movements. Social and cultural knowledge is particularly important in debates that revolve around issues such as human rights, diversity, and identity politics. By drawing on this knowledge, debaters can enrich their arguments with relevant examples and historical context, which can help them make a stronger case for their position.For instance, in a debate about gender equality, debaters should be able to discuss the historical struggles for women's rights, milestones in the feminist movement, and the current challenges facing women in different parts of the world. They should also be familiar with the cultural norms and discriminatory practices that perpetuate gender inequality, and be able to propose concrete measures to address these issues. Similarly, in a debate about multiculturalism, debaters should demonstrate an understanding of thecultural diversity within society and the importance of respecting different traditions and beliefs.Economic and Financial KnowledgeEconomic and financial knowledge is another crucial aspect of English debates, especially when discussing topics related to fiscal policies, trade agreements, and global economic trends. Debaters should be familiar with key economic concepts, such as supply and demand, inflation, unemployment, and GDP growth. Furthermore, they should understand the implications of economic policies on different segments of the population and be able to analyze the potential consequences of policy decisions.For example, in a debate about taxation, debaters should be able to discuss the various types of taxes, their impact on individuals and businesses, and the principles of tax fairness. They should also be knowledgeable about different approaches to taxation, such as progressive taxation, flat taxes, and consumption taxes, and be able to defend their preferred approach based on economic theories and empirical evidence. Moreover, in a debate about international trade, debaters should be well-versed in the principles of comparative advantage, trade deficits, tariffs, and trade agreements, and be able to argue for or against specific trade policies.Legal and Political KnowledgeDebaters are often required to demonstrate a sound understanding of legal and political knowledge, especially when discussing constitutional issues, human rights, and government policies. Legal and political knowledge encompasses an understanding of the political system, the rule of law, the separation of powers, and the rights and responsibilities of citizens. Debaters should also be familiar with relevant laws and judicial precedents that are pertinent to the topic under discussion.For instance, in a debate about freedom of speech, debaters should be able to discuss the legal foundations of this right, the limitations on free speech, and the importance of protecting dissenting opinions in a democratic society. They should also be knowledgeable about landmark cases that have shaped the interpretation of free speech, as well as the international standards for protecting freedom of expression. Similarly, in a debate about government surveillance, debaters should be able to engage with the legal framework for surveillance activities, the balance between national security and privacy rights, and the implications of mass surveillance on individual freedoms.Scientific and Technological KnowledgeIn debates that touch upon scientific and technological topics, debaters should possess a good understanding of scientific principles, technological advancements, and ethical considerations related to these fields. This knowledge is essential for engaging with debates about issues such as artificial intelligence, genetic engineering, climate technology, andhealthcare policies. Debaters should be able to present well-informed arguments that are grounded in scientific evidence and ethical reasoning.For example, in a debate about biotechnology, debaters should be knowledgeable about the potential applications of gene editing, the ethical implications of modifying human genes, and the regulatory frameworks that govern biotechnological research. They should also be able to address concerns about the societal impact of genetic engineering and propose guidelines for responsible scientific innovation. Similarly, in a debate about cybersecurity, debaters should be familiar with the latest cybersecurity threats, technological solutions for protecting digital infrastructure, and the legal and ethical considerations surrounding data privacy.Critical Thinking and ArgumentationBeyond possessing specific knowledge about different topics, debaters should also develop strong critical thinking skills and the ability to construct persuasive arguments. This involves the capacity to analyze complex issues, evaluate conflicting perspectives, and present coherent and well-reasoned arguments. Debaters should be able to identify logical fallacies, anticipate counterarguments, and respond to challenges effectively.Incorporating Common Knowledge Points in DebatesTo effectively incorporate common knowledge points in debates, debaters should follow several strategies:1. Research and Preparation: Debaters should conduct thorough research on the topic under discussion, drawing from reputable sources such as academic journals, news outlets, and official reports. They should familiarize themselves with different viewpoints and gather evidence to support their arguments.2. Use of Examples: Debaters should use relevant examples to illustrate their points and make their arguments more relatable to the audience. Examples can be drawn from historical events, current affairs, personal experiences, or hypothetical scenarios.3. Application of Theory: Debaters should apply relevant theories and concepts to analyze the topic in depth. This can involve drawing on economic models, legal principles, scientific theories, or philosophical frameworks to support their arguments.4. Engagement with Opposing Views: Debaters should anticipate opposing views and engage with them constructively. This may involve acknowledging valid points made by the opposition, addressing potential criticisms of their own position, and presenting counterarguments in a respectful manner.ConclusionIn conclusion, English debates require debaters to possess a wide range of common knowledge points, including understanding of current events, social and cultural knowledge,economic and financial knowledge, legal and political knowledge, scientific and technological knowledge, and critical thinking and argumentation skills. By incorporating these knowledge points and strategies into their debates, debaters can enhance the persuasiveness of their arguments and engage with complex topics effectively. Continuous learning and critical thinking are essential for debaters to develop a strong grasp of common knowledge points and succeed in English debates.。
演讲与辩论;说话的要诀
演讲与辩论;说话的要诀"英文回答，"When it comes to giving a speech or participating in a debate, there are a few key points to keep in mind. First and foremost, it's important to be well-prepared. This means doing thorough research on the topic at hand and organizing your thoughts in a clear and coherent manner. For example, when I was preparing for a debate on climate change, I spent hours reading scientific articles andpolicy papers to ensure that I had a solid understanding of the issue.Another important aspect of effective speaking is to engage your audience. This can be done by using anecdotes, asking thought-provoking questions, or even injecting some humor into your speech. During a recent presentation at work, I shared a personal story about how I overcame a challenge, which helped to connect with my colleagues and make my message more relatable.Furthermore, it's crucial to practice your delivery. This includes working on your tone, body language, and overall confidence. One technique that I find helpful is recording myself and then watching the playback to identify areas for improvement. By doing this, I was able to refine my speaking style and become more comfortable in front of an audience.Lastly, it's important to be open to feedback. After each speaking engagement, I make it a point to ask for constructive criticism from peers or mentors. This allows me to continuously grow and refine my speaking skills."中文回答，"在进行演讲或参加辩论时，有一些关键点需要牢记。