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2000-2013年考研英语历年真题和答案(英语一)
2000-2013年考研英语历年真题和答案(英语一)ui2013年考研英语（一）真题 (6)Section I Use of English (6)Section II Reading Comprehension (11)Part APart B (35)Part C (42)Section III Writing (48)Part A48Part B (49)2013考研英语（一）答案 (50)Section I Use of English (50)Section II Reading Comprehension (57)Section III Writing (79)2012年考研英语（一）试题 (83)Section I Use of English (83)Section II Reading Comprehension.Part A87Part B (110)Part C (115)Section III Writing (118)Part APart B (119)2012考研英语（一）答案 (121)Section I (121)Section II Reading Comprehension (132)作文 (167)2011考研英语(一)试题 (172)Section I Use of English (172)Section II Reading Comprehension (178)Part A (178)Part B (205)Part C (211)Section ⅢWriting (216)Part A (216)Part B (216)2011考研英语（一）答案 (219)Section I Use of English (219)Section II Reading Comprehension (226)Section III Writing (244)2010年考研英语（一）试题 (250)Section I Use of English (250)Section II Reading Comprehension (251)Part A (251)Part B (258)Part C (260)Section ⅢWriting (260)Part A (260)Part B (261)2009年考研英语（一）试题 (262)Section I Use of English (262)Section I I Reading comprehension (263)Part A (263)Part B (270)Part C (271)Section ⅢWriting (272)Part A (272)Part B (272)2009年考研英语（一）答案 (274)Section I: Use of English (10 points) (274)Section II: Reading Comprehension (60 points) (274)Section III: Writing (30 points) (274)2008年考研英语（一）试题 (276)Section I Use of English (276)Section II Reading Comprehension (277)Part A (277)Part B (284)Part C (286)Section III Writing (287)Part A (287)Part B (287)2008年考研英语（一）答案 (289)Section I: Use of English (10 points) (289)Section II: Reading Comprehension (60 points) (289)Section III: Writing (30 points) (289)2007年考研英语（一）试题 (291)Section I Use of English (291)Section II Reading Comprehension (295)Part A (295)Part B (303)Part C (304)Section III Writing (305)Part A (305)Part B (306)2007年考研英语（一）答案 (307)Section I: Use of English (10 points) (307)Section II: Reading Comprehension (60 points) (307)Section III: Writing (30 points) (307)2006年考研英语（一）试题 (309)Section I Use of English (309)Section II Reading Comprehension (313)Part A (313)2002年考研英语（一）试题 (381)Section I Listening Comprehension (381)Part A (381)Part B (382)Part C (382)Section II Use of English (385)Section III Reading Comprehension (390)Part A (390)Part B (398)Section IV Writing (399)2002年考研英语（一）答案 (400)Section I: Listening Comprehension (20 points) (400)Section II: Use of English (10 points) (400)Section III: Reading Comprehension (50 points) (400)Section IV: Writing (20 points) (401)2001年考研英语（一）试题 (402)Section I Structure and Vocabulary (402)Part A (402)Part B (405)Section II Cloze Test (410)Section III Reading Comprehension (414)Section IV English-Chinese Translation (423)Section V Writing (424)2001年考研英语（一）答案 (426)Section I: Structure and Vocabulary (15 points) (426)Section II: Cloze Text (10 points) (426)Section III: Reading Comprehension (40 points) (426)Section IV: English-Chinese Translation (15 points) (426)Section V: Writing (20 points) (427)2000年考研英语（一）试题 (428)Section I Structure and Vocabulary (428)Part A (428)Part B (431)Part C (432)Section II Cloze Test (437)Section III Reading Comprehension (440)Section IV English-Chinese Translation (448)Section V Writing (449)2000年考研英语（一）答案 (451)Section I: Structure and Vocabulary (20 points) (451)Section III: Reading Comprehension (40 points) (451)Section IV: English-Chinese Translation (15 points) (451)Section V: Writing (15 points) (452)2013年考研英语（一）真题Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) People are, on the whole, poor at considering background information when making individual decisions. At first glance this might seem like a strength that ___1___ the ability to make judgments which are unbiased by ___2___ factors. But Dr Simonton speculated that an inability to consider the big ___3___ was leading decision-makers to be biased by the daily samples of information they were working with. ___4___, hetheorized that a judge ___5___ of appearing too soft ___6___crime might be more likely to send someone to prison ___7___he had already sentenced five or six other defendants only to forced community service on that day.To ___8___this idea, they turned their attention to the university-admissions process. In theory, the ___9___ of an applicant should not depend on the few others___10___ randomly for interview during the same day, but Dr Simonton suspected the truth was___11___.He studied the results of 9,323 MBA interviews ___12___ by 31 admissions officers. The interviewers had ___13___ applicants on a scale of one to five. This scale ___14___ numerous factorsinto consideration. The scores were ___15___ used in conjunction w ith an applicant’s score on the GMAT, a standardized exam which is ___16___out of 800 points, to make a decision on whether to accept him or her.Dr Simonton found if the score of the previous candidate in a daily series of interviewees was 0.75 points or more higher than that of the one ___17___ that, then the score for the next applicant would___18___ by an average of 0.075 points. This might sound small, but to___19___the effects of such a decrease a candidate would need 30 more GMAT points than would otherwise have been ___20___.1. A grants B submits C transmits Ddelivers2. A minor B external C crucial D objective3. A issue B vision C picture D moment4. A Above all B On average C In principleD For example5. A fond B fearful C capable D thoughtless6. A in B for C to D on7. A if B until C though D unless8. A. test B. emphasize C. share D. promote9. A. decision B. quality C. status D. success10. A. found B. studied C. chosen D.identified11. A. otherwise B. defensible C. replaceable D. exceptional12. A. inspired B. expressed C. conductedD. secured13. A. assigned B. rated C. matched D. arranged14. A. put B. got C. took D. gave15. A. instead B. then C. ever D. rather16. A. selected B. passed C. marked D. introduced17. A below B after C above D before18. A jump B float C fluctuate D drop19. A achieve B undo C maintain D disregard20. A necessary B possible C promising D helpfulSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1In the 2006 film version of The Devil Wears Prada ,Miranda Priestly, played by Meryl Streep, scolds her unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesn’t affect her, Priestly explains how the deep blue color of the assistant’s sweater descended over the years from fashion shows to departments stores and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl doubtless found her garment.This top-down conception of the fashion business couldn`t be more out of date or at odds with the feverish would described in Overdressed, Elizabeth Cline`s three-year indictment of “fast fashion”. In the last decade or so, advances in technology have allowed mass-market labels such as Zara, H&M, and Uniqlo to react to trends more quickly and anticipate demand more precisely. Quicker turnarounds mean less wasted inventory, more frequent release, and more profit. These labels encourage style-conscious consumers tosee clothes as disposable-meant to last only a wash or two, although they don’t advertise that –and to renew their wardrobe every few weeks. By offering on-trend items at dirt-cheap prices, Cline argues, these brands have hijacked fashion cycles, shaking an industry long accustomed to a seasonal pace.The victims of this revolution, of course, are not limited to designers. For H&M to offer a $5.95 knit miniskirt in all its 2,300-pius stores around the world, it must rely on low-wage overseas labor, order in volumes that strain natural resources, and use massive amounts of harmful chemicals.Overdressed is the fashion world`s answer toconsumer-activist bestsellers like Michael Pollan`s. The Omnivore`s Dilemma. “Mass-produced clothing ,like fast food, fills a hunger and need, yet is non-durable and wasteful,”Cline argues. Americans, she finds, buy roughly 20 billion garments a year – about 64 items per person – and no matter how much they give away, this excess leads to waste.Towards the end of Overdressed, Cline introduced her ideal, a Brooklyn woman named Sarah Kate Beaumont, who since 2008 has made all of her own clothes –and beautifully. But as Cline is the first to note, it took Beaumont decades to perfect her craft; he r example can’t be knocked off.Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and the environment –including H&M, with its green Conscious Collection line –Cline believes lasting change can only be effected by the customer. She exhibits the idealism common to many advocates of sustainability, be it in food or in energy. Vanity is a constant; people will only start shopping more sustainably when they can’t afford not to.21. Priestly criticizes her assistant for her[A] poor bargaining skill.[B] insensitivity to fashion.[C] obsession with high fashion.[D] lack of imagination.22. According to Cline, mass-market labelsurge consumers to[A] combat unnecessary waste.[B] shut out the feverish fashion world.[C] resist the influence of advertisements.[D] shop for their garments more frequently.23. The word “indictment”(Line 3, Para.2) is closest in meaning to[A] accusation.[B] enthusiasm.[C] indifference.[D] tolerance.24. Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph?[A] Vanity has more often been found in idealists.[B] The fast-fashion industry ignores sustainability.[C] People are more interested in unaffordable garments.[D] Pricing is vital to environment-friendly purchasing.25. What is the subject of the text?[A] Satire on an extravagant lifestyle.[B] Challenge to a high-fashion myth.[C] Criticism of the fast-fashion industry.[D] Exposure of a mass-market secret.Text 2An old saying has it that half of all advertising budgets are wasted-the trouble is, no one knows which half. In the internet age, at least in theory,this fraction can be much reduced. By watching what people search for, click on and say online, companies can aim “behavioral” ads at those most likely to buy.In the past couple of weeks a quarrel has illustrated the value to advertisers of such fine-grained information: Should advertisers assume that people are happy to be tracked and sent behavioral ads? Or should they have explicit permission?In December 2010 America's Federal Trade Commission (FTC) proposed adding a "do not track "(DNT) option to internet browsers ,so that users could tell advertisers that they did not want to be followed .Microsoft's Internet Explorer andApple's Safari both offer DNT ;Google's Chrome is due to do so this year. In February the FTC and Digital Advertising Alliance (DAA) agreed that the industry would get cracking on responding to DNT requests.On May 31st Microsoft Set off the row: It said that Internet Explorer 10, the version due to appear windows 8, would have DNT as a default.It is not yet clear how advertisers will respond. Getting a DNT signal does not oblige anyone to stop tracking, although some companies have promised to do so. Unable to tell whether someone really objects to behavioral ads or whether they are sticking w ith Microsoft’s default, some may ignore a DNT signal and presson anyway.Also unclear is why Microsoft has gone it alone. After all, it has an ad business too, which it says will comply with DNT requests, though it is still working out how. If it is trying to upset Google, which relies almost wholly on default will become the norm. DNT does not seem an obviously huge selling point for windows 8-though the firm has compared some of its other products favorably with Google's on that count before. Brendon Lynch, MMicrosoft's chief privacy officer, blogged: "we believe consumers should have more control." Could it really be that simple?26. It is suggested in paragraph 1 that“behavioral”ads help advertisers to:[A] ease competition among themselves[B] lower their operational costs[C] avoid complaints from consumers[D] provide better online services27. “The industry”(Line 6,Para.3) refers to:[A] online advertisers[B] e-commerce conductors[C] digital information analysis[D] internet browser developers28. Bob Liodice holds that setting DNT as a default[A] many cut the number of junk ads[B] fails to affect the ad industry[C] will not benefit consumers[D] goes against human nature29. which of the following is true according to Paragraph.6?[A] DNT may not serve its intended purpose[B] Advertisers are willing to implement DNT[C] DNT is losing its popularity among consumers[D] Advertisers are obliged to offer behavioral ads30. The author's attitude towards what Brendon Lynch said in his blog is one of:[A] indulgence[B] understanding[C] appreciation[D] skepticismText 3Up until a few decades ago, our visions of the future were largely - though by no means uniformly - glowingly positive. Science and technology would cure all the ills of humanity, leading to lives of fulfillment and opportunity for all.Now utopia has grown unfashionable, as we have gained a deeper appreciation of the range of threats facing us, from asteroid strike to epidemic flu and to climate change. You might even be tempted to assume that humanity has little future to look forward to.But such gloominess is misplaced. The fossil record shows that many species have endured formillions of years - so why shouldn't we? Take a broader look at our species' place in the universe, and it becomes clear that we have an excellent chance of surviving for tens, if not hundreds, of thousands of years . Look up Homo sapiens in the "Red List" of threatened species of the International Union for the Conversation of Nature (IUCN) ,and you will read: "Listed as Least Concern as the species is very widely distributed, adaptable, currently increasing, and there are no major threats resulting in an overall population decline."So what does our deep future hold? A growing number of researchers and organizations are now thinking seriously about that question.For example, the Long Now Foundation has its flagship project a medical clock that is designed to still be marking time thousands of years hence.Perhaps willfully, it may be easier to think about such lengthy timescales than about the more immediate future. The potential evolution of today's technology, and its social consequences, is dazzlingly complicated, and it's perhaps best left to science fiction writers and futurologists to explore the many possibilities we can envisage. That's one reason why we have launched Arc, a new publication dedicated to the near future.But take a longer view and there is a surprising amount that we can say withconsiderable assurance. As so often, the past holds the key to the future: we have now identified enough of the long-term patterns shaping the history of the planet, and our species, to make evidence-based forecasts about the situations in which our descendants will find themselves.This long perspective makes the pessimistic view of our prospects seem more likely to be a passing fad. To be sure, the future is not all rosy. But we are now knowledgeable enough to reduce many of the risks that threatened the existence of earlier humans, and to improve the lot of those to come.31. Our vision of the future used to beinspired by[A] our desire for lives of fulfillment[B] our faith in science and technology[C] our awareness of potential risks[D] our belief in equal opportunity32. The IUCN`s “Red List”suggest that human being are[A] a sustained species[B] a threaten to the environment[C] the world`s dominant power[D] a misplaced race33. Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 5?[A] Arc helps limit the scope of futurological studies.[B] Technology offers solutions to social problem.[C] The interest in science fiction is on the rise.[D] Our Immediate future is hard to conceive.34. To ensure the future of mankind, it is crucial to[A] explore our planet`s abundant resources[B] adopt an optimistic view of the world[C] draw on our experience from the past[D] curb our ambition to reshape history35. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A] Uncertainty about Our Future[B] Evolution of the Human Species[C] The Ever-bright Prospects of Mankind[D] Science, Technology and HumanityText 4On a five to three vote, the Supreme Court knocked out much of Arizona's immigration law Monday-a modest policy victory for the Obama Administration. But on the more important matter of the Constitution, the decision was an 8-0 defeat for the federal government and the states.In Arizona, United States, the majority overturned three of the four contested provisions of Arizona's controversial plan to have state and local police enforce federal immigrations law. The Constitutional principles that Washington alone has the power to "establish a uniform Rule ofnaturalization" and that federal laws precede state laws are noncontroversial. Arizona had attempted to fashion state police that ran to the existing federal ones.Justice Anthony Kennedy, joined by Chief Justice John Roberts and the Court's liberals, ruled that the state flew too close to the federal sun. On the overturned provisions the majority held the congress had deliberately "occupied the field" and Arizona had thus intruded on the federal's privileged powersHowever, the Justices said that Arizona police would be allowed to verify the legal status of people who come in contact with law enforcement. That`s because Congress has alwaysenvisioned joint federal-state immigration enforcement and explicitly encourages state officers to share information and cooperate with federal colleagues.Two of the three objecting Justice-Samuel Alito and Clarence Thomas-agreed with this Constitutional logic but disagreed about which Arizona rules conflicted with the federal statute. The only major objection came from Justice Antonin Scalia, who offered an even more robust defense of state privileges going back to the alien and Sedition Acts.The 8-0 objection to President Obama turns on what Justice Samuel Alito describes in his objection as “a shocking assertion of federalexecutive power”. The White House argued the Arizona`s laws conflicted with its enforcement priorities, even if state laws complied with federal statutes to the letter. In effect, the White House claimed that it could invalidate any otherwise legitimate state law that it disagrees with.Some powers do belong exclusively to the federal government, and control of citizenship and the borders is among them. But if Congress wanted to prevent states from using their own resources to check immigration status. It never did so. The administration was in essence asserting that because it didn't want to carry out Congress's immigration wishes, no state should be allowed to do so either. Every Justice rightlyrejected this remarkable claim.36. Three provisions of Arizona`s plan were overturned because they[A] deprived the federal police of Constitutional powers.[B] disturbed the power balance between different states.[C] overstepped the authority of federal immigration law.[D] contradicted both the federal and state policies.37. On which of the following did the Justices agree, according to Paragraph4?[A] Federal officers` duty to withhold immigrants` information.[B] States` independence from federal immigration law.[C] States` legitimate role in immigration enforcement.[D] Congress`s intervention in immigration enforcement.38. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that the Alien and Sedition Acts[A] violated the Constitution.[B] undermined the states` interests.[C] supported the federal statute.[D] stood in favor of the states.39. The White House claims that its power of enforcement[A] Outweighs that held by the states.[B] is dependent on the states` support.[C] is established by federal statutes.[D] rarely goes against state laws.40. What can be learned from the last paragraph?[A] Immigration issues are usually decided by Congress.[B] Justices intended to check the power of the Administration.[C] Justices wanted to strengthen its coordination with Congress.[D] The Administration is dominant over immigration issues.Part BDirections:In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the blanks. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1.（10 points）The social sciences are flourishing. As of 2005, there were almost half a million professional social scientists from all fields in the world, working both inside and outside academia. According to the World Social Science Report 2010, the number of social-science students worldwide has swollen by about 11% every yearsince 2000.Yet this enormous resource in not contributing enough to today`s global challenges including climate change, security, sustainable development and health.(41)______Humanity has the necessary agro-technological tools to eradicate hunger , from genetically engineered crops to artificial fertilizers . Here, too, the problems are social: the organization and distribution of food, wealth and prosperity.(42)____This is a shame—the community should be grasping the opportunity to raise its influence in the real world. To paraphrase the great social scientist Joseph Schumpeter: there is no radical innovation without creativedestruction.Today, the social sciences are largely focused on disciplinary problems and internal scholarly debates, rather than on topics with external impact.Analyses reveal that the number of papers including the keywords “environmental changed”or “climate change”have increased rapidly since 2004,(43)____When social scientists do tackle practical issues, their scope is often local: Belgium is interested mainly in the effects of poverty on Belgium for example .And whether the community’s work contributes much to an overall accumulation of knowledge is doubtful.The problem is not necessarily the amount of available funding (44)____this is an adequate amount so long as it is aimed in the right direction. Social scientists who complain about a lack of funding should not expect more in today`s economic climate.The trick is to direct these funds better. The European Union Framework funding programs have long had a category specifically targeted at social scientists. This year, it was proposed that system be changed: Horizon 2020, a new program to be enacted in 2014, would not have such a category. This has resulted in protests from social scientists. But the intention is not to neglect social science; rather, the complete opposite.(45)____That should create more collaborative endeavors and help to develop projects aimed directly at solving global problems.[A] It could be that we are evolving two communities of social scientists: one that is discipline-oriented and publishing in highly specialized journals, and one that is problem-oriented and publishing elsewhere, such as policy briefs.[B] However, the numbers are still small: in 2010, about 1,600 of the100,000 social-sciences papers published globally included one of these keywords.[C] The idea is to force social to integrate their work with other categories, including health anddemographic change food security, marine research and the bio-economy, clear, efficient energy; and inclusive, innovative and secure societies.[D] The solution is to change the mindset of the academic community, and what it considers to be its main goal. Global challenges and social innovation ought to receive much more attention from scientists, especially the young ones.[E] These issues all have root causes in human behavior. All require behavioral change and social innovations, as well as technological development. Stemming climate change, for example, is as much about changing consumption patterns and promoting tax acceptance as it is aboutdeveloping clean energy.[F] Despite these factors, many social scientists seem reluctant to tackle such problems. And in Europe, some are up in arms over a proposal to drop a specific funding category for social-science research and to integrate it within cross-cutting topics of sustainable development.[G] During the late 1990s , national spending on social sciences and the humanities as a percentage of all research and development funds-including government, higher education, non-profit and corporate -varied from around 4% to 25%; in most European nations , it is about 15%.Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)It is speculated that gardens arise from a basic need in the individuals who made them: the need for creative expression. There is no doubt that gardens evidence an impossible urge to create, express, fashion, and beautify and that self-expression is a basic human urge; (46) Yet when one looks at the photographs of the garden created by the homeless, it strikes one that, for all their diversity of styles, these gardens speak of various other fundamental urges, beyond that of decoration and creative expression.One of these urges had to do with creating a state of peace in the midst of turbulence, a “still point of the turning world,”to borrow a phrase from T. S. Eliot. (47)A sacred place of peace, however crude it may be, is a distinctly human need, as opposed to shelter, which is a distinctly animal need. This distinction is so much so that where the latter is lacking, as it is for these unlikely gardens, the former becomes all the more urgent. Composure is a state of mind made possible by the structuring of one’s relation to one’s environment. (48) The gardens of the homeless which are in effect homeless gardens introduce from into an urban environment where it either didn’t exist or was not discernible assuch. In so doing they give composure to a segment of the inarticulate environment in which they take their stand.Another urge or need that these gardens appear to respond to, or to arise from is so intrinsic that we are barely ever conscious of its abiding claims on us. When we are deprived of green, of plants, of trees, (49) most of us give into a demoralization of spirit which we usually blame on some psychological conditions, until one day we find ourselves in garden and feel the expression vanish as if by magic. In most of the homeless gardens of New York City the actual cultivation of plants is unfeasible, yet even so the compositions often seem to represent attempts。
2011年英语专八考试真题及答案
2011年英语专八考试真题（影印完整版）2011专八真题阅读理解参考答案（周玉亮版）TEXT A11. A the family structure12. B English working class homes have spacious sitting rooms13. C stark14. A togetherness15. B constant pressure from the stateTEXT B16. A it further explains high-tech hubris17. B slow growth of the US economy18. A integrated the use of paper and the digital form19. C more digital data use leads to greater paper use20. A he review the situation from different perspectivesTEXT C21. D because Britons are still conscious of their class status22. D income is unimportant in determining which class one belongs to23. C Occupation and class are no longer related to each other24. C fewer types of work25. A showing modestyTEXD D26. D awkwardness27. B luxurious28. A they the couple as an object of fun29. C sweeping over the horizon, a precipice30. B the couple feel ill at ease2011专八人文知识真题参考答案（周玉亮版）31. B)英国最北部：Scotland；32. D)第一个到澳洲的人：Dutch；33. A)枫叶之国：Canada；34. B)The Common Sense的作者：Thomas Paine35. D) Virginia Woolf：Novelist；36. C) 历史叙事诗：Epic37. A) 探讨20世纪American Myth的文学作品：The Great Gatsby38. C）探讨语言和思维的学科：Cognitive Lingusitics39. A) 元音和辅音的区别：Obstruction of the air stream;40. C) 推动多种语言使用：Multilingualism2011年专八真题参考答案：改错部分2011年3月专八真题参考答案：改错部分From a very early age, perhaps the age of five or six, I knew that when I grew up I should be a writer. Between the ages of about seventeen and twenty-four I tried to abandon this idea, but I did so with the consciousness that I was outraging my true nature and that sooner or later I should have to settle down and write books.I was the middle child of three, but there was a gap of five years on either side, and I barely saw my father before I was eight. For this and other reasons I was somewhat lonely, and I soon developed disagreeable mannerisms which made me unpopular throughout my schooldays. I had the lonely child's habit of making up stories and holding conversations with imaginary persons, and I think from the very start my literary ambitions were mixed up with the feeling of being isolated and undervalued. I knew that I had a facility with words and a power of facing unpleasant facts, and I felt that this created a sort of private world in which I could get my own back for my failure in everyday life. Nevertheless the volume of serious — i.e. seriously intended — writing which I produced all through my childhood and boyhood would not amount to half a dozen pages. I wrote my first poem at the age of four or five, my mother taking it down to dictation._______________________1. grew 后加up2. conscience 改成consciousness3. soon 改成sooner4. the 去掉5. disagreeing 改成disagreeable6. imaginative 改成imaginary7. literal 改成literary8. in 去掉9. which 前加in10. Therefore, 改成Nevertheless2011年专八真题参考答案：汉译英部分2011年专八真题：汉译英原文现代社会无论价值观的持有还是生活方式的选择都充满了矛盾。
2011年专八真题及答案详解
TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2011)GRADE EIGHT TIME LIMIT: 195 MINPART I LISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Some of the gaps may require a maximum of THREE words. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may refer to your notes while completing the task. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. Now, listen to the mini-lecture.Classifications of CulturesAccording to Edward Hall, different cultures result in different ideas about the world. Hall is an anthropologist. He is interested in relations between cultures.I. High-context cultureA. feature- context: more important than the message- meaning: (1)__________i.e. more attention paid to (2) ___________ than to the message itselfB. examples- personal space- preference for (3)__________- less respect for privacy / personal space- attention to (4)___________- concept of time- belief in (5)____________ interpretation of time- no concern for punctuality- no control over timeII. Low-context cultureA. feature- message: separate from context- meaning: (6)___________B. examples- personal space- desire / respect for individuality / privacy- less attention to body language- more concern for (7)___________- attitude toward time- concept of time: (8)____________- dislike of (9)_____________- time seen as commodityIII. ConclusionAwareness of different cultural assumptions- relevance in work and lifee.g. business, negotiation, etc.- (10)_____________ in successful communicationSECTION B INTERVIEW/CONVERSATION In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONL Y. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions.Now, listen to the interview.1. According to Dr. Harley, what makes language learning more difficult after a certain age?A. Differences between two languages.B. Declining capacity to learn syntax.C. Lack of time available.D. Absence of motivation.2. What does the example of Czech speakers show?A. It's natural for language learners to make errors.B. Differences between languages cause difficulty.C. There exist differences between English and Czech.D. Difficulty stems from either difference or similarity.3. Which of the following methods does NOT advocate speaking?A. The traditional method.B. The audiolingual method.C. The immersion method.D. The direct method.4. Which hypothesis deals with the role of language knowledge in the learning process?A. The acquisition and learning distinction hypothesis.B. The comprehensible input hypothesis.C. The monitor hypothesis.D. The active filter hypothesis.5. Which of the following topics is NOT discussed during the interview?A. Causes of language learning difficulties.B. Differences between mother tongue and a second language.C. Theoretical conceptualization of second language learning.D. Pedagogical implementation of second language teaching. SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONL Y. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.Question 6 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question.Now, listen to the news.6. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?A. Greyhound is Britain's largest bus and train operator.B. Currently Greyhound routes in Britain are limited.C. The coach starts from London every hour.D. Passengers are offered a variety of services.Questions 7 and 8 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the news.7. What does the news item say about the fires in Greece?A. Fires only occurred near the Greek capital.B. Fires near the capital caused casualties.C. Fires near the capital were the biggest.D. Fires near the capital were soon under control.8. According to the news, what measure did authorities take to fight the fires?A. Residents were asked to vacate their homes.B. Troops were brought in to help the firefighters.C. Air operations and water drops continued overnight.D. Another six fire engines joined the firefighting operation. Questions 9 and 10 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions.Now, listen to the news.9. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a cause of the current decline in the Mexican economy?A. Fewer job opportunities in Mexico.B. Strong ties with the U.S. economy.C. Decline in tourism.D. Decline in tax revenues.10. Drop in remittances from abroad is mainly due to _________.A. declining oil productionB. the outbreak of the H1N1 fluC. the declining GDP in MexicoD. the economic downturn in the U.S.PART II READING COMPREHENSIONIn this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.TEXT AWhenever we could, Joan and I took refuge in the streets of Gibraltar. The Englishman's home is his castle because he has not much choice. There is nowhere to sit in the streets of England, not even, after twilight, in the public gardens. The climate, very often, does not even permit him to walk outside. Naturally, he stays indoors and creates a cocoon of comfort.That was the way we lived in Leeds.These southern people, on the other hand, look outwards. The Gibraltarian home is, typically, a small and crowded apartment up several flights of dark and dirty stairs. In it, one, two or even three old people share a few ill-lit rooms with the young family. Once he has eaten, changed his clothes, embraced his wife, kissed his children and his parents, there is nothing to keep the southern man at home. He hurries out, taking even his breakfast coffee at his local bar. He comes home late for his afternoon meal after an appetitive hour at his café. He sleeps for an hour, dresses, goes out again and stays out until late at night. His wife does not miss him, for she is out, too — at the market in the morning and in the afternoon sitting with other mothers, baby-minding in the sun.The usual Gibraltarian home has no sitting-room, living-room or lounge. The parlour of our working-class houses would be an intolerable waste of space. Easy-chairs, sofas and such-like furniture are unknown. There are no bookshelves, because there are no books. Talking and drinking, as well as eating, are done on hard chairs round the dining-table, between a sideboard decorated with the best glasses and an inevitable display cabinet full of family treasures, photographs and souvenirs. The elaborate chandelier over this table proclaims it as the hub of the household and of the family. "Hearth and home" makes very little sense in Gibraltar. One's home is one's town or village, and one's hearth is the sunshine.Our northern towns are dormitories with cubicles, by comparison. When we congregate — in the churches it used to be, now in the cinema, say, impersonally, or at public meetings, formally — we are scarcely ever man to man. Only in our pubs can you find the truly gregarious and communal spirit surviving, and in England even the pubs are divided along class lines.Along this Mediterranean coast, home is only a refuge and a retreat. The people live together in the open air — in the street, market-place. Down here, there is a far stronger feeling of community than we had ever known. In crowded and circumscribed Gibraltar, with its complicated inter-marriages, its identity of interests, its surviving sense of siege, one can see and feel an integrated society.To live in a tiny town with all the organization of a state, with Viceroy (总督), Premier, Parliament, Press and Pentagon, all in miniature, all within arm's reach, is an intensive course in civics. In such an environment, nothing can be hidden, for better or for worse. One's successes are seen and recognized; one's failures are immediately exposed. Social consciousness is at its strongest, with the result that there is a constant and firm pressure towards good social behaviour, towards courtesy and kindness. Gibraltar, with all its faults, is the friendliest and most tolerant of places. Straight from the cynical anonymity of a big city, we luxuriated in its happy personalism. We look back on it, like all its exiled sons and daughters, with true affection.11. Which of the following best explains the differences in ways of living between the English and the Gibraltarians?A. The family structure.B. Religious belief.C. The climate.D. Eating habit.12. The italicized part in the third paragraph implies that ____________.A. English working-class homes are similar to Gibraltarian onesB. English working-class homes have spacious sitting-roomsC. English working-class homes waste a lot of spaceD. the English working-class parlour is intolerable in Gibraltar13. We learn from the description of the Gibraltarian home that it is _________.A. modernB. luxuriousC. StarkD. simple14. There is a much stronger sense of _______ among the Gibraltarians.A. togethernessB. survivalC. identityD. leisure15. According to the passage people in Gibraltar tend to be well-behaved because of the following EXCEPT _______.A. the entirety of the state structureB. constant pressure from the stateC. the small size of the townD. transparency of occurrencesTEXT BFor office innovators, the unrealized dream of the "paperless" office is a classic example of high-tech hubris (傲慢). Today's office drone is drowning in more paper than ever before.But after decades of hype, American offices may finally be losing their paper obsession. The demand for paper used to outstrip the growth of the US economy, but the past two or three years have seen a marked slowdown in sales — despite a healthy economic scene.Analysts attribute the decline to such factors as advances in digital databases and communication systems. Escaping our craving for paper, however, will be anything but an easy affair."Old habits are hard to break," says Merilyn Dunn, a communications supplies director. "There are some functions that paper serves where a screen display doesn't work. Those functions are both its strength and its weakness."In the early to mid-1990s, a booming economy and improved desktop printers helped boost paper sales by 6 to 7 percent each year. The convenience of desktop printing allowed office workers to indulge in printing anything and everything at very little effort or cost.But now, the growth rate of paper sales in the United States is flattening by about half a percent each year. Between 2004 and 2005, Ms. Dunn says, plain white office paper will see less than a 4 percent growth rate, despite the strong overall economy. A primary reason for the change, says Dunn, is that for the first time ever, some 47 percent of the workforce entered the job market after computers had already been introduced to offices."We're finally seeing a reduction in the amount of paper being used per worker in the workplace," says John Maine, vice president of a pulp and paper economic consulting firm. "More information is being transmitted electronically, and more and more people are comfortable with the information residing only in electronic form without printing multiple backups."In addition, Mr. Maine points to the lackluster employment market for white-collar workers — the primary driver of office paper consumption for the shift in paper usage.The real paradigm shift may be in the way paper is used. Since the advent of advanced and reliable office-network systems, data storage has moved away from paper archives. The secretarial art of "filing" is disappearing from job descriptions. Much of today's data may never leave its original digital format.The changing attitudes toward paper have finally caught the attention of paper companies, says Richard Harper, a researcher at Microsoft. "All of a sudden, the paper industry has started thinking, 'We need to learn more about the behavioural aspects of paper use,'" he says. "They had never asked, they'd just assumed that 70 million sheets would be bought per year as a literal function of economic growth."To reduce paper use, some companies are working to combine digital and paper capabilities. For example, Xerox Corp. is developing electronic paper: thin digital displays that respond to a stylus, like a pen on paper. Notations can be erased or saved digitally.Another idea, intelligent paper, comes from Anoto Group. It would allow notations made with a stylus on a page printed with a special magnetic ink to simultaneously appear on a computer screen.Even with such technological advances, the improved capabilities of digital storage continue to act against "paperlessness," argues Paul Saffo, a technology forecaster. In his prophetic and metaphorical 1989 essay, "The Electronic Piñata (彩罐)," he suggests that the increasing amounts of electronic data necessarily require more paper.The information industry today is like a huge electronic piñata, composed of a thin paper crust surrounding an electronic core," Mr. Saffo wrote. The growing paper crust "is most noticeable, but the hidden electronic core that produces the crust is far larger — and growing more rapidly. The result is that we are becoming paperless, but we hardly notice at all."In the same way that digital innovations have increased paper consumption, Saffo says, so has video conferencing —with its promise of fewer in-person meetings — boosting business travel."That's one of the great ironies of the information age," Saffo says. "It's just common sense that the more you talk to someone by phone or computer, it inevitably leads to a face-to-face meeting. The best thing for the aviation industry was the Internet."16. What function does the second sentence in the first paragraph serve?A. It further explains high-tech hubris.B. It confirms the effect of high-tech hubris.C. It offers a cause for high-tech hubris.D. It offers a contrast to high-tech hubris.17. Which of the following is NOT a reason for the slowdown in paper sales?A. Workforce with better computer skills.B. Slow growth of the US economy.C. Changing patterns in paper use.D. Changing employment trends.18. The two innovations by Xerox Corp. and Anoto Group feature ________.A. integrated use of paper and digital formB. a shift from paper to digital formC. the use of computer screenD. a new style of writing19. What does the author mean by ''irony of the information age"?A. The dream of the "paperless" office will be realized.B. People usually prefer to have face-to-face meetings.C. More digital data use leads to greater paper use.D. Some people are opposed to video-conferencing.20. What is the author's attitude towards "paperlessness"?A. He reviews the situation from different perspectives.B. He agrees with some of the people quoted in the passage.C. He has a preference for digital innovations.D. He thinks airlines benefit most from the digital age.TEXT CWhen George Orwell wrote in 1941 that England was "the most class-ridden country under the sun", he was only partly right. Societies have always had their hierarchies, with some group perched at the top. In the Indian state of Bihar the Ranveer Sena, an upper-caste private army, even killed to stay there.By that measure class in Britain hardly seems entrenched (根深蒂固的). But in another way Orwell was right, and continues to be. As a new YouGov poll shows, Britons are surprisingly alert to class — both their own and that of others. And they still think class is sticky. According to the poll, 48% of people aged 30 or over say they expect to end up better off than their parents. But only 28% expect to end up in a different class. More than two-thirds think neither they nor their children will leave the class they were born into.What does this thing that people cannot escape consist of these days? And what do people look at when decoding which class someone belongs to? The most useful identifying markers, according to the poll, are occupation, address, accent and income, in that order. The fact that income comes fourth is revealing: though some of the habits and attitudes that class used to define are more widely spread than they were, class still indicates something less blunt than mere wealth.Occupation is the most trusted guide to class, but changes in the labour market have made that harder to read than when Orwell was writing. Manual workers have shrunk along with farming and heavy industry as a proportion of the workforce, while the number of people in white-collar jobs has surged. Despite this striking change, when they were asked to place themselves in a class, Brits in 2006 huddled in much the same categories as they did when they were asked in 1949. So, jobs, which were once a fairly reliable guide to class, have become misleading.A survey conducted earlier this year by Expertian shows how this convergence on similar types of work has blurred class boundaries. Expertian asked people in a number of different jobs to place themselves in the working class or the middle class. Secretaries, waiters and journalists were significantly more likely to think themselves middle-class than accountants, computer programmers or civil servants. Many new white-collar jobs offer no more autonomy or better prospects than old blue-collar ones. Yet despite the muddle over what the markers of class are these days, 71% of those polled by YouGov still said they found it very or fairly easy to figure out which class others belong to.In addition to changes in the labour market, two other things have smudged the borders on the class map. First, since 1945 Britain has received large numbers of immigrants who do not fit easily into existing notions of class and may have their own pyramids to scramble up. The flow of new arrivals has increased since the late 1990s, multiplying this effect.Second, barriers to fame have been lowered. Britain's fast-growing ranks of celebrities — like David Beckham and his wife Victoria — form a kind of parallel aristocracy open to talent, or at least to those who are uninhibited enough to meet the requests of television producers. This too has made definitions more complicated.But many Brits, given the choice, still prefer to identify with the class they were born into rather than that which their jobs or income would suggest. This often entails pretending to be more humble than is actually the case: 22% of white-collar workers told YouGov that they consider themselves working class. Likewise, the Expertian survey found that one in ten adults who call themselves working class are among the richest asset-owners, and that over half a million households which earn more than $191,000 a year say they are working class. Pretending to be grander than income andoccupation suggest is rarer, though it happens too.If class no longer describes a clear social, economic or even political status, is it worth paying any attention to? Possibly, yes. It is still in most cases closely correlated with educational attainment and career expectations.21. Why does the author say "...Orwell was right, and continues to be" (Paragraph Two)?A. Because there was stronger class consciousness in India.B. Because more people hope to end up in a higher class.C. Because people expect to gain more wealth than their parents.D. Because Britons are still conscious of their class status.22. ''...class still indicates something less blunt than mere wealth" (Paragraph Three) means that ________.A. class is still defined by its own habits and attitudesB. class would refer to something more subtle than moneyC. people from different classes may have the same habits or attitudesD. income is unimportant in determining which class one belongs to23. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?A. White-collar workers would place themselves in a different class.B. People with different jobs may place themselves in the same class.C. Occupation and class are no longer related with each other.D. Changes in the workforce have made it difficult to define class.24. Which of the following is NOT a cause to blur class distinction?A. Notions of class by immigrants.B. Changing trends of employment.C. Easy access to fame.D. Fewer types of work.25. When some successful white-collar workers choose to stay in the working class, it implies that they are _________.A. showing modestyB. showing self-respectC. expressing boastfulnessD. making an understatementTEXT DThe train was whirling onward with such dignity of motion that a glance from the window seemed simply to prove that plains of Texas were pouring eastward. Vast flats of green grass, dull-hued spaces of mesquite and cactus, little groups of frame houses, woods of light and tender trees, all were sweeping into the east, sweeping over the horizon, a precipice.A newly married pair had boarded this coach at San Antonio. The man's face was reddened from many days in the wind and sun, and a direct result of his new black clothes was that his brick-coloured hands were constantly performing in a most conscious fashion. From time to time he looked down respectfully at his attire. He sat with a hand on each knee, like a man waiting in a barber's shop. The glances he devoted to other passengers were furtive and shy.The bride was not pretty, nor was she very young. She wore a dress of blue cashmere, with small reservations of velvet here and there, and with steel buttons abounding. She continually twisted her head to regard her puff sleeves, very stiff, and high. They embarrassed her. It was quite apparent that she had cooked, and that she expected to cook, dutifully. The blushes caused by the careless scrutiny of some passengers as she had entered the car were strange to see upon this plain, under-class countenance, which was drawn in placid, almost emotionless lines.They were evidently very happy. "Ever been in a parlor-car before?" he asked, smiling with delight."No," she answered; "I never was. It's fine, ain't it?""Great! And then after a while we'll go forward to the dinner, and get a big lay-out. Fresh meal in the world. Charge a dollar.""Oh, do they?" cried the bride. "Charge a dollar? Why, that's too much — for us — ain't it, Jack?""Nor this trip, anyhow," he answered bravely. "We're going to go the whole thing."Later he explained to her about the trains. "You see, it's a thousand miles from one end of Texas to the other; and this runs right across it, and never stops but four times.” He had the pride of an owner. He pointed out to her the dazzling fittings of the coach; and in truth her eyes opened wider and she contemplated the sea-green figured velvet, the shining brass, silver, and glass, the wood that gleamed as darkly brilliant as the surface of a pool of oil. At one end a bronze figure sturdily held a support for a separated chamber, and at convenient places on the ceiling were frescos in olive and silver.To the minds of the pair, their surroundings reflected the glory of their marriage that morning in San Antonio; thiswas the environment of their new estate; and the man's face in particular beamed with an elation that made him appear ridiculous to the Negro porter. This individual at times surveyed them from afar with an amused and superior grin. On other occasions he bullied them with skill in ways that did not make it exactly plain to them that they were being bullied. He subtly used all the manners of the most unconquerable kind of snobbery. He oppressed them. But of this oppression they had small knowledge, and they speedily forgot that infrequently a number of travelers covered them with stares of derisive enjoyment. Historically there was supposed to be something infinitely humorous in their situation."We are due in Yellow Sky at 3:42," he said, looking tenderly into her eyes."Oh, are we?" she said, as if she had not been aware of it. To evince (表现出) surprise at her husband's statement was part of her wifely amiability. She took from a pocket a little silver watch; and as she held it before her, and stared at it with a frown of attention, the new husband's face shone."I bought it in San Anton' from a friend of mine," he told her gleefully."It's seventeen minutes past twelve," she said, looking up at him with a kind of shy and clumsy coquetry (调情；卖俏). A passenger, noting this play, grew excessively sardonic, and winked at himself in one of the numerous mirrors.At last they went to the dining-car. Two rows of Negro waiters, in glowing white suits, surveyed their entrance with the interest, and also the equanimity (平静), of men who had been forewarned. The pair fell to the lot of a waiter who happened to feel pleasure in steering them through their meal. He viewed them with the manner of a fatherly pilot, his countenance radiant with benevolence. The patronage, entwined with the ordinary deference, was not plain to them. And yet, as they returned to their coach, they showed in their faces a sense of escape.26. The description of the couple's clothes and behaviour at the beginning of the passage seems to indicate that they had a sense of __________.A. secrecyB. elationC. superiorityD. awkwardness27. Which of the following adjectives best depicts the interior of the coach?A. Modern.B. Luxurious.C. Practical.D. Complex.28. Which of the following best describes the attitude of other people on the train towards the couple?A. They regarded the couple as an object of fun.B. They expressed indifference towards the couple.C. They were very curious about the couple.D. They showed friendliness towards the couple.29. Which of the following contains a metaphor?A. ... like a man waiting in a barber's shop.B. ... his countenance radiant with benevolence.C. ... sweeping over the horizon, a precipice.D. ... as darkly brilliant as the surface of a pool of oil.30. We can infer from the last paragraph that in the dining-car ________.A. the waiters were snobbishB. the couple felt ill at easeC. the service was satisfactoryD. the couple enjoyed their dinnerPART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.31. The northernmost part of Great Britain is _______.A. Northern IrelandB. WalesC. EnglandD. Scotland32. It is generally agreed that _______ were the first Europeans to reach Australia's shores.A. the FrenchB. the GermansC. the BritishD. the Dutch33. Which country is known as the Land of Maple Leaf?A. Canada.B. New Zealand.C. Great Britain.D. The United States of America.34. Who wrote the famous pamphlet, The Common Sense, before the American Revolution?A. Thomas Jefferson.B. Thomas Paine.C. John Adams.D. Benjamin Franklin.35. Virginia Woolf was an important female ________ in the 20th-century England.A. poetB. biographerC. playwrightD. novelist36. ______ refers to a long narrative poem that records the adventures of a hero in a nation's history.A. BalladB. RomanceC. EpicD. Elegy37. Which of the following best explores American myth in the 20th century?。
TEM8(2011)作文试卷评析(上 )(1)
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英语专业八级考试在线课堂
2011年八级题目特点
1. 热点话题，内容熟悉 2. 简单明了，没有歧义 3. 有话可说，提笔能写
英语专业八级考试在线课堂
2011年八级题目
According to a recent newspaper report, many famous sites of historical interest in China have begun or are considering charging tourists higher entry fees during peek travel seasons. This has aroused a lot of public attention and also public debate. What is your opinion? Should famous Chinese sites of historical interest charge higher fees during peek travel seasons? Write an essay of about 400 words. In the first part of your essay you should state clearly your main argument, and in the second part you should support your argument with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary. You should supply an appropriate title for your essay. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.
2011年专八真题及参考答案
1.B Declining capacity to learn syntax2.D Difficulty stems from either difference pr similarity3.A The traditional method4.C The monitor hypothesis5.B Differences between mother tongue and a second language6.A Greyhound is Britain's largest bus and train operator7.C Fires near the capital were the biggest8.B Troops were brought to help firefighters9.A Few job opportunities in Mexco10.D the ceconomic downturn in the U.S.TEXT A11. A the family structure12. B English working class homes have spacious sitting rooms13. C stark14. A togetherness15. B constant pressure from the stateTEXT B16. A it further explains high-tech hubris17. B slow growth of the US economy18. A integrated the use of paper and the digital form19. C more digital data use leads to greater paper use20. A he review the situation from different perspectivesTEXT C21. D because Britons are still conscious of their class status22. D income is unimportant in determining which class one belongs to23. C Occupation and class are no longer related to each other24. C fewer types of work25. A showing modestyTEXD D26. D awkwardness27. B luxurious28. A they the couple as an object of fun29. C sweeping over the horizon, a precipice30. B the couple feel ill at ease附：2011年英语专业八级考试真题阅读理解部分（影印版）2011年专八真题参考答案（改错部分）来源：爱思英语日期：2011-03-05 阅读18017 次作者: 评论0条划词已启用进入论坛投稿爱思英语编者按：2011年3月5日英语专业八级考试结束后，爱思英语网即组织相关专家对考题做相关分析，周玉亮老师发现其中今年专八考试改错和校对部分真题来源至George Orwell作品Why I Write的第一二段，大家不用再纠结与网上各种版本的答案。
2011年英语专业八级考试试题及答案
2011年英语专业八级考试试题及答案Ancient man attempted to change the weather by using magic. While experience taught him this was impossible, __1__ he tried to forecast weather conditions. Even earlier in __2__ 1000B.C.there were weather seers in Babylon----and priests cleverenough to denounce as frauds those predicted __3__ the weather a year in the advance. Some forecasters used __4__ methods that seemed to take no connection with the actual __5__ factors controlled the weather. Chickens and other animals __6__ were sacrificed and their intestines poked to find signs indicating rain and drought. Somewhat more scientific were __7__ predictions based on vegetation:"Onion’s skin very thin ,mild weather coming in. Onion’s skin thick and tough, co ming weather is cold and rough." Insects and animals were also __8__ favorite weather clues: "Before the glowworm lights his __9__ lamp , then the air is always damp ." "If spiders their cobwebs forsake , the weather will for certain break ." "If frogs remained in pools , the weather will be fine . If they were seen on rocks, __10__ rain and cold were due." It’s difficult to say whether this rhyme should be taken seriously : " Hark , I hear the asses bray . Me thinks we’ll have some rain today ."一、听力试题SECTION A STATEMENTIn this section you will hear nine statements. At the end of the statement you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following nine questions.1. Who is the speaker?A. An insurance agent.B. A fireman.C. A safeguard.D. A politician.2. What can we infer about Susan?A. She dresses fashionably as she spends plenty of money on them.B. She looks fashionable though she doesn’t sp end much on dresses.C. She doesn’t spend much money on her dresses.D. She often spends too much money on her dresses.3. What does the statement mean?A. The room was too dry.B. The room was not dry enough.C. The paint was wet.D. The paint was too dry.4. We learn from the statement thatA. Lucy is very interested in video games.B. Lucy shows no interest in video games.C. Lucy often plays video games if she is free.D. Lucy plays better than her friends.5. What can we learn about Andrew?A. His petrol is used up.B. He just got his car filled.C. His car had a little petrol left when reaching the garage.D. He had a car accident.6. The speaker suggests thatA. appearances are not important.B. appearances are everything.C. lothes make the men.D. we should never trust appearances.7. What does the speaker say about Thurber?A. He is a great writer.B. His blind eye prevented him from writing good novels.C. His success depended on his childhood experience.D. He worked so hard in writing as to lose one of his eyes.8. What does the speaker imply?A. I knew the time of the concert from him.B. He didn’t tell me the time of the concert.C. He told me the time of the concert, but it was unnecessary.D. The concert began before I knew the time.9. The speaker suggests thatA. we should read every two lines carefully.B. we should find hidden and implied meanings.C. we should keep our eyes open for the book.D. we should get the meaning of every word.KEY TO LISTENING COMPREHENSION1.A2.C3.B4.B5.A6.D7.A8.C9.B 10.ASECTION A STATEMENT1. “我认为你们的保险单没有规定对待火灾造成的损失的保障。
2011年专8真题答案(含听力材料)
TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2011)-GRADE EIGHT-TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS(2011)-GRADE EIGHT-2011年英语专业八级参考答案Part I Listening Comprehension—Section A Mini-lecture1. and significance2. the context\ what is doing3. closeness to people4. body language5. polychronic6. in itself7. personal space8. monochrome9. lateness10. multicultural situationSECTION B INTERVIEW 1-5 BDACB SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST 6-10 ACBAD PART II Reading Comprehension11-15 ABCAB 16-20 ABACA 21-25 DDCCA 26-30 DBACBPART III General Knowledge 31-35BDABD 36-40 CACACPART VI Proofreading & Error Correction1. grew 后加up2. conscience 改成consciousness3. soon 改成sooner4. the 去掉5. disagreeing 改成disagreeable6. imaginative 改成imaginary7. literal 改成literary8. in 去掉9. which 前加in 10. Therefore, 改成NeverthelessPart V Translation—Section A Chinese To EnglishBeing hasty and at leisure are two quite distinct lifestyles. But in the real world, people have to frequently shuttle between these two lifestyles, sometimes not sure whether they are“at ease”or“in a rush”.For example, we’re enjoying our holidays in the resort while suenly we receive phone calls from the boss who tells us there are some troubles with our customers and work—so at this moment the modern, convenient and advanced device shows its vicious and gloomy features—and we lose all our interest. The subsequent leisure is the mere showy for we are in a restless and anxious state of mind.Section B English to Chinese飞机飞越尼泊尔上空时。
2011年考研英语真题及答案详解
2011年考研英语真题及答案详解Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter as “a bodily exercise precious to health.” But ---__1___some claims to the contrary, laughing probably has little influence on physical fitness Laughter does __2___short-term changes in the function of the heart and its blood vessels, ___3_ heart rate and oxygen consumption But because hard laughter is difficult to __4__, a good laugh is unlikely to have __5___ benefits the way, say, walking or jogging does.__6__, instead of straining muscles to build them, as exercise does, laughter apparently accomplishes the __7__, studies dating back to the 1930’s indicate that laughter__8___ muscles, decreasing muscle tone for up to 45 minutes after the laugh dies down.Such bodily reaction might conceivably help _9__the effects of psychological stress. Anyway, the act of laughing probably does produce other types of ___10___ feedback, that improve an individual’s emotional state. __11____one classical theory of emotion, our feelings are partially rooted ____12___ physical reactions. It was argued at the end of the 19th century that humans do not cry ___13___they are sad but they become sad when the tears begin to flow.Although sadness also ____14___ tears, evidence suggests that emotions can flow __15___ muscular responses. In an experiment published in 1988,social psychologist Fritz Strack of the University of würzburg in Germany asked volunteers to __16___ a pen either with their teeth-thereby creating an artificial smile –or with their lips, which would produce a(n) __17___ expression. Those forced to exercise their enthusiastically to funny catoons than did those whose months were contracted in a frown, ____19___ that expressions may influence emotions rather than just the other way around __20__ , the physical act of laughter could improve mood.1．[A]among [B]except [C]despite [D]like2．[A]reflect [B]demand [C]indicate [D]produce3．[A]stabilizing [B]boosting [C]impairing [D]determining4．[A]transmit [B]sustain [C]evaluate [D]observe5．[A]measurable [B]manageable [C]affordable [D]renewable6．[A]In turn [B]In fact [C]In addition [D]In brief7．[A]opposite [B]impossible [C]average [D]expected8．[A]hardens [B]weakens [C]tightens [D]relaxes9．[A]aggravate [B]generate [C]moderate [D]enhance10．[A]physical [B]mental [C]subconscious [D]internal11．[A]Except for [B]According to [C]Due to [D]As for12．[A]with [B]on [C]in [D]at13．[A]unless [B]until [C]if [D]because14．[A]exhausts [B]follows [C]precedes [D]suppresses15．[A]into [B]from [C]towards [D]beyond16．[A]fetch [B]bite [C]pick [D]hold17．[A]disappointed [B]excited [C]joyful [D]indifferent18．[A]adapted [B]catered [C]turned [D]reacted19．[A]suggesting [B]requiring [C]mentioning [D]supposing20．[A]Eventually [B]Consequently [C]Similarly [D]ConverselySection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1The decision of the New York Philharmonic to hire Alan Gilbert as its next music director has been the talk of the classical-music world ever since the sudden announcement of his appointment in 2009. For the mo st part, the response has been favorable, to say the least. “Hooray! At last!” wrote Anthony Tommasini, a sober-sided classical-music critic.One of the reasons why the appointment came as such a surprise, however, is that Gilbert is comparatively little known. Even Tommasini, who had advocated Gilbert’s appointment in the Times, calls him “an unpretentious musician with no air of the formidable conductor about him.” As a description of the next music director of an orchestra that has hitherto been led by musicians like Gustav Mahler and Pierre Boulez, that seems likely to have struck at least some Times readers as faint praise.For my part, I have no idea whether Gilbert is a great conductor or even a good one. To be sure, he performs an impressive variety of interesting compositions, but it is not necessary for me to visit Avery Fisher Hall, or anywhere else, to hear interesting orchestral music. All I have to dois to go to my CD shelf, or boot up my computer and download still more recorded music from iTunes.Devoted concertgoers who reply that recordings are no substitute for live performance are missing the point. For the time, attention, and money of the art-loving public, classical instrumentalists must compete not only with opera houses, dance troupes, theater companies, and museums, but also with the recorded performances of the great classical musicians of the 20thcentury. There recordings are cheap, available everywhere, and very often much higher in artistic quality than today’s live performances; moreover, they can be “consumed” at a time and place of the listener’s choosing. The widespread availability of such recordings has thus brought about a crisis in the institution of the traditional classical concert.One possible response is for classical performers to program attractive new music that is not yet available on record. Gilbert’s own interest in new music has been widely noted: Alex Ross, a classical-music critic, has described him as a man who is capable of turning the Philharmonic into “a markedly different, more vibrant organization.” But what will be the nature of that difference? Merely expanding the orchestra’s repertoire will not be enough. If Gilbert and the Philharmonic are to succeed, they must fir st change the relationship between America’s oldest orchestra and the new audience it hops to attract.21. We learn from Para.1 that Gilbert’s appointment has[A]incurred criticism.[B]raised suspicion.[C]received acclaim.[D]aroused curiosity.22. Tommasini regards Gilbert as an artist who is[A]influential.[B]modest.[C]respectable.[D]talented.23. The author believes that the devoted concertgoers[A]ignore the expenses of live performances.[B]reject most kinds of recorded performances.[C]exaggerate the variety of live performances.[D]overestimate the value of live performances.24. According to the text, which of the following is true of recordings?[A]They are often inferior to live concerts in quality.[B]They are easily accessible to the general public.[C]They help improve the quality of music.[D]They have only covered masterpieces.25. Regard ing Gilbert’s role in revitalizing the Philharmonic, the author feels[A]doubtful.[B]enthusiastic.[C]confident.[D]puzzled.Text 2When Liam McGee departed as president of Bank of America in August, his explanation was surprisingly straight up. Rather than cloaking his exit in the usual vague excuses, he came right out and said he was leaving “to pursue my goal of running a company.” Broadcasting his ambition was “very much my decision,” McGee says. Within two w eeks, he was talking for the first time with the board of Hartford Financial Services Group, which named him CEO and chairman on September 29.McGee says leaving without a position lined up gave him time to reflect on what kind of company he wanted to run. It also sent a clear message to the outside world about his aspirations. And McGee isn’t alone. In recent weeks the No.2 executives at Avon and American Express quit with the explanation that they were looking for a CEO post. As boards scrutinize succession plans in response to shareholder pressure, executives who don’t get the nod also may wish to move on.A turbulent business environment also has senior managers cautious of letting vague pronouncements cloud their reputations.As the first signs of recovery begin to take hold, deputy chiefs may be more willing to make the jump without a net. In the third quarter, CEO turnover was down 23% from a year ago as nervous boards stuck with the leaders they had, according to Liberum Research. As the economy picks up, opportunities will abound for aspiring leaders.The decision to quit a senior position to look for a better one is unconventional. For years executives and headhunters have adhered to the rule that the most attractive CEO candidates are the ones who must be poached. Says Korn/Ferry senior partner Dennis Carey:”I can’t think of a single search I’ve done where a board has not instructed me to look at sitting CEOs first.”Those who jumped without a job haven’t always la nded in top positions quickly. Ellen Marram quit as chief of Tropicana a decade age, saying she wanted to be a CEO. It was a year before she became head of a tiny Internet-based commodities exchange. Robert Willumstad left Citigroup in 2005 with ambitions to be a CEO. He finally took that post at a major financial institution three years later.Many recruiters say the old disgrace is fading for top performers. The financial crisis has made it more acceptable to be between jobs or to leave a bad one. “The traditional rule was it’s safer to stay where you are, but that’s been fundamentally inverted,” says one headhunter. “The people who’ve been hurt the worst are those who’ve stayed too long.”26. When McGee announced his departure, his manner can best be described as being[A]arrogant.[B]frank.[C]self-centered.[D]impulsive.27. According to Paragraph 2, senior executives’ quitting may be spurred by[A]their expectation of better financial status.[B]their need to reflect on their private life.[C]their strained relations with the boards.[D]their pursuit of new career goals.28. The word “poached” (Line 3, Paragraph 4) most probably means[A]approved of.[B]attended to.[C]hunted for.[D]guarded against.29. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that[A]top performers used to cling to their posts.[B]loyalty of top performers is getting out-dated.[C]top performers care more about reputations.[D]it’s safer to stick to the traditional rules.30. Which of the following is the best title for the text?[A]CEOs: Where to Go?[B]CEOs: All the Way Up?[C]Top Managers Jump without a Net[D]The Only Way Out for Top PerformersText 3The rough guide to marketing success used to be that you got what you paid for. No longer. While traditional “paid” media – such as television commercials and print advertisements – still play a major role, companies today can exploit many alternative forms of media. Consumers passionate about a product may create “owned” media by sending e-mail alerts about products and sales to customers registered with its Web site. The way consumers now approach the broad range of factors beyond conventional paid media.Paid and owned media are controlled by marketers promoting their own products. For earned media , such marketers act as the initiator for users’ responses. But in some cases, one marketer’s owned media become another marketer’s paid media – for instance, when an e-commerce retailer sells ad space on its Web site. We define such sold media as owned media whose traffic is so strong that other organizations place their content or e-commerce engines within that environment. This trend ,which we believe is still in its infancy, effectively began with retailers and travel providers such as airlines and hotels and will no doubt go further. Johnson & Johnson, for example, has created BabyCenter, a stand-alone media property that promotes complementary and even competitive products. Besides generating income, the presence of other marketers makes the siteseem objective, gives companies opportunities to learn valuable information about the appeal of other companies’ marketing, and may help expand user traffic for all companies concerned.The same dramatic technological changes that have provided marketers with more (and more diverse) communications choices have also increased the risk that passionate consumers will voice their opinions in quicker, more visible, and much more damaging ways. Such hijacked media are the opposite of earned media: an asset or campaign becomes hostage to consumers, other stakeholders, or activists who make negative allegations about a brand or product. Members of social networks, for instance, are learning that they can hijack media to apply pressure on the businesses that originally created them.If that happens, passionate consumers would try to persuade others to boycott products, putting the reputation of the target company at risk. In such a case, the company’s response may not be sufficiently quick or thoughtful, and the learning curve has been steep. Toyota Motor, for example, alleviated some of the damage from its recall crisis earlier this year with a relatively quick and well-orchestrated social-media response campaign, which included efforts to engage with consumers directly on sites such as Twitter and the social-news site Digg.31.Consumers may create “earned” media when they are[A] obscssed with online shopping at certain Web sites.[B] inspired by product-promoting e-mails sent to them.[C] eager to help their friends promote quality products.[D] enthusiastic about recommending their favorite products.32. According to Paragraph 2,sold media feature[A] a safe business environment.[B] random competition.[C] strong user traffic.[D] flexibility in organization.33. The author indicates in Paragraph 3 that earned media[A] invite constant conflicts with passionate consumers.[B] can be used to produce negative effects in marketing.[C] may be responsible for fiercer competition.[D] deserve all the negative comments about them.34. Toyota Motor’s experience is cited as an example of[A] responding effectively to hijacked media.[B] persuading customers into boycotting products.[C] cooperating with supportive consumers.[D] taking advantage of hijacked media.35. Which of the following is the text mainly about ?[A] Alternatives to conventional paid media.[B] Conflict between hijacked and earned media.[C] Dominance of hijacked media.[D] Popularity of owned media.Text 4It’s no surprise that Jennifer Senior’s insightful, provocative magazine cover story, “I loveMy Children, I Hate My Life,” is arousing much chatter – nothing gets people talking like the suggestion that child rearing is anything less than a completely fulfilling, life-enriching experience. Rather than concluding that children make parents either happy or miserable, Senior suggests we need to redefine happiness: instead of thinking of it as something that can be measured by moment-to-moment joy, we should consider being happy as a past-tense condition. Even though the day-to-day experience of raising kids can be soul-crushingly hard, Senior writes that “the very things that in the moment dampen our moods can later be sources of intense gratification and delight.”The magazine cover showing an attractive mother holding a cute baby is hardly the only Madonna-and-child image on newsstands this week. There are also stories about newly adoptive –and newly single –mom Sandra Bullock, as well as the usual “Jennifer Aniston is pregnant” news. Practically every week features at least one celebrity mom, or mom-to-be, smiling on the newsstands.In a society that so persistently celebrates procreation, is it any wonder that admitting you regret having children is equivalent to admitting you support kitten-killing ? It doesn’t seem quite fair, then, to compare the regrets of parents to the regrets of the children. Unhappy parents rarely are provoked to wonder if they shouldn’t have had kids, but unhappy childless folks are bothered with the message that children are the single most important thing in the world: obviously their misery must be a direct result of the gaping baby-size holes in their lives.Of course, the image of parenthood that celebrity magazines like Us Weekly and People present is hugely unrealistic, especially when the parents are single mothers like Bullock. According to several studies concluding that parents are less happy than childless couples, single parents are the least happy of all. No shock there, considering how much work it is to raise a kid without a partner to lean on; yet to hear Sandra and Britney tell it, raising a kid on the ir “own” (read: with round-the-clock help) is a piece of cake.It’s hard to imagine that many people are dumb enough to want children just because Reese and Angelina make it look so glamorous: most adults understand that a baby is not a haircut. But it’s interesting to wonder if the images we see every week of stress-free, happiness-enhancing parenthood aren’t in some small, subconscious way contributing to our own dissatisfactions with the actual experience, in the same way that a small part of us hoped getting “ the Rachel” might make us look just a little bit like Jennifer Aniston.36.Jennifer Senior suggests in her article that raising a child can bring[A]temporary delight[B]enjoyment in progress[C]happiness in retrospect[D]lasting reward37.We learn from Paragraph 2 that[A]celebrity moms are a permanent source for gossip.[B]single mothers with babies deserve greater attention.[C]news about pregnant celebrities is entertaining.[D]having children is highly valued by the public.38.It is suggested in Paragraph 3 that childless folks[A]are constantly exposed to criticism.[B]are largely ignored by the media.[C]fail to fulfill their social responsibilities.[D]are less likely to be satisfied with their life.39.According to Paragraph 4, the message conveyed by celebrity magazines is[A]soothing.[B]ambiguous.[C]compensatory.[D]misleading.40.Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph?[A]Having children contributes little to the glamour of celebrity moms.[B]Celebrity moms have influenced our attitude towards child rearing.[C]Having children intensifies our dissatisfaction with life.[D]We sometimes neglect the happiness from child rearing.Part BDirections:The following paragraph are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent text by choosing from the list A-G to filling them into the numbered boxes. Paragraphs E and G have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)[A] No disciplines have seized on professionalism with as much enthusiasm as the humanities. You can, Mr Menand points out, became a lawyer in three years and a medical doctor in four. But the regular time it takes to get a doctoral degree in the humanities is nine years. Not surprisingly, up to half of all doctoral students in English drop out before getting their degrees.[B] His concern is mainly with the humanities: Literature, languages, philosophy and so on. These are disciplines that are going out of style: 22% of American college graduates now major in business compared with only 2% in history and 4% in English. However, many leading American universities want their undergraduates to have a grounding in the basic canon of ideas that every educated person should posses. But most find it difficult to agree on what a “general education” should look like. At Harvard, Mr Menand notes, “the great books are read because they have been read”-they form a sort of social glue.[C] Equally unsurprisingly, only about half end up with professorships for which they entered graduate school. There are simply too few posts. This is partly because universities continue to produce ever more PhDs. But fewer students want to study humanities subjects: Englishde partments awarded more bachelor’s degrees in 1970-71 than they did 20 years later. Fewer students requires fewer teachers. So, at the end of a decade of theses-writing, many humanities students leave the profession to do something for which they have not been trained.[D] One reason why it is hard to design and teach such courses is that they can cut across the insistence by top American universities that liberal-arts educations and professional education should be kept separate, taught in different schools. Many students experience both varieties. Although more than half of Harvard undergraduates end up in law, medicine or business, future doctors and lawyers must study a non-specialist liberal-arts degree before embarking on a professional qualification.[E] Besides professionalizing the professions by this separation, top American universitieshave professionalised the professor. The growth in public money for academic research has speeded the process: federal research grants rose fourfold between 1960and 1990, but faculty teaching hours fell by half as research took its toll. Professionalism has turned the acquisition of a doctoral degree into a prerequisite for a successful academic career: as late as 1969a third of American professors did not possess one. But the key idea behind professionalisation, argues Mr Menand, is that “the knowledge and skills needed for a particular specialization are transmissible but not transferable.”So disciplines acquire a monopoly not just over the producti on of knowledge, but also over the production of the producers of knowledge.[F] The key to reforming higher education, concludes Mr Menand, is to alter the way in which “the producers of knowledge are produced.”Otherwise, academics will continue to think dangerously alike, increasingly detached from the societies which they study, investigate and criticize.”Academic inquiry, at least in some fields, may need to become less exclusionary and more holistic.”Yet quite how that happens, Mr Menand dose not say.[G] The subtle and intelligent little book The Marketplace of Ideas: Reform and Resistance in the American University should be read by every student thinking of applying to take a doctoral degree. They may then decide to go elsewhere. For something curious has been happening in American Universities, and Louis Menand, a professor of English at Harvard University, captured it skillfully.G → 41. →42. → E →43. →44. →45.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written carefully on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)With its theme that “Mind is the master weaver,” creating our inner character and outer circumstances, the book As a Man Thinking by James Allen is an in-depth exploration of the central idea of self-help writing.(46) Allen’s contribution was to take an assumption we all share-that because we are not robots we therefore control our thoughts-and reveal its erroneous nature. Because most of us believe that mind is separate from matter, we think that thoughts can be hidden and made powerless; this allows us to think one way and act another. However, Allen believed that the unconscious mind generates as much action as the conscious mind, and (47) while we may be able to sustain the illusion of control through the conscious mind alone, in reality we are continually faced with a question: “Why cannot I make myself do this or achieve that? ”Since desire and will are damaged by the presence of thoughts that do not accord with desire,Allen concluded : “ We do not attract what we want, but what we are.” Achievement happens because you as a person embody the external achievement; you don’t “ get” success but become it. There is no gap between mind and matter.\Part of the fame of Allen’s book is its contention that “Circumstances do not make a person, they reveal him.” (48) This seems a justification for neglect of those in need, and a r ationalization of exploitation, of the superiority of those at the top and the inferiority of those at the bottom.This ,however, would be a knee-jerk reaction to a subtle argument. Each set of circumstances, however bad, offers a unique opportunity for growth. If circumstances always determined the life and prospects of people, then humanity would never have progressed. In fat, (49)circumstances seem to be designed to bring out the best in us and if we feel that we have been “wronged” then we are unlikely to begin a conscious effort to escape from our situation .Nevertheless, as any biographer knows, a person’s early life and its conditions are often the greatest gift to an individual.The sobering aspect of Allen’s book is that we have no one else to blame for our present condition except ourselves. (50) The upside is the possibilities contained in knowing that everything is up to us; where before we were experts in the array of limitations, now we become authorities of what is possible.Section Ⅲ WritingPart A51. Directions:Write a letter to a friend of yours to1) recommend one of your favorite movies and2) give reasons for your recommendationYour should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2Do not sign your own name at the end of the leter. User “LI MING” instead.Do not writer the address.(10 points)Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160---200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should1) describe the drawing briefly,2) explain it’s intended meaning, and3) give your comments.Your should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)答案非官方，仅供参考Section I Use of English1．C 2．D 3．B 4．B 5．A 6．B 7．A 8．D 9．C 10．A11．B 12．C 13．D 14．C 15．B 16．D 17．A 18．D 19．A 20．CSection II Reading ComprehensionPart A21.C 22.B 23.D 24.B 25.A 26.B 27.D 28.C 29.A 30.B31.D 32.C 33.B 34.A 35.A 36.C 37.D 38.A 39.D 40.BPart B41.B 42.D 43.A 44.C 45.FPart C Translation46. 我们每个人都认为：自己不是机器人，因此能够控制自己的思想；爱伦的贡献在于他研究了这一假说，并揭示其错误的本质。
Mitsumi Electric Co., Ltd. Wavit11 User's Manual.p
Wavit11 User’s Manual Revision 1.01Revision HistoryDecember 6, 2001 Revision 1.0 Translated from Japanese edition (Rev. 1.0) January 19, 2002 Revision 1.01 Regulatory Compliance Notice changedContentsRevision History (2)About This Guide (5)Regulatory Compliance Notices (6)1. Preface (8)1. Preface (8)2. Accompanied Accessories (8)3. Features (8)4. How to use Wavit11 (9)5. About Wireless LAN Network (10)5.1. Ad-Hoc LAN (11)5.2. IBSS LAN (12)5.3. Infrastructure LAN (13)5.4. Wireless Bridge (14)6. Installation method of Wavit11 Configuration Utility (15)6.1. Microsoft Windows Version (16)6.2. Confirm an Ethernet port (17)6.3. Confirm the TCP/IP protocol (19)6.4. Confirm an IP Address (25)6.5. Installation of the Wavit11Configuration Utility (28)7. Wavit11 Set Up (33)7.1. How to Start the Wavit11Configuration Utility (34)7.2. How to setup the Ad-Hoc mode (38)7.3. How to Setup the 802.11 Ad-Hoc mode (41)7.4. How to Setup the Infrastructure mode (44)7.5. How to Setup the Both mode (47)7.6. How to Setup the AP mode (51)7.7. How to Setup the Wireless Bridge Mode (55)7.8. How to Change the Wavit11 IP address (59)7.9. How to Change the Control Password (61)7.10. Wavit11 Initialization (63)8. Encryption Setting (65)8.1. Encryption setting (65)8.2. Original Encryption (68)8.2. 40bit WEP Encryption (71)8.3. 128bit WEP Encryption (74)8.4. Encryption Disable (77)9. Wavit11Setting up (79)9.1. Connection to personal computer (80)9.2. Connection to Printer (81)9.3. Connection to Network Equipment (82)10. Items that can be set with Configuration Utility (83)10.1. Operational Mode (84)10.2. SS ID (85)10.3. Channel (86)10.4. Data Rate (87)10.5. Roaming (88)10.6. Hidden Node Compensation (89)10.7. Details (90)10.8. RTS Threshold (91)10.9. Fragmentation Threshold (92)10.10. Short Retry Limit (93)10.11. Long Retry Limit (94)10.12. Beacon Interval (95)10.13. SSID transmission (96)10.14. Authentication Algorithm (97)10.15. Basic Rate Set (98)10.16. Encryption mode (99)10.17. Encryption Key (100)10.18. Default Key (101)10.19. Destination Address (102)11. Interoperability with third vendor wireless LAN (103)11.1. Confirmed wireless LAN card (103)11.2. Confirmed Access Point (104)11.3. Setting (105)12. Troubleshooting (106)13. Specifications (108)About This GuideAbsolutely do not do the operation when the instruction is given with this mark.Please pay attention in the case you do the operation indicated with this mark.The relevant usage is explained. Please refer, as occasion demands. This is for an explanation such as terminology.Regulatory Compliance NoticesWavit is a registered trademark of Mitsumi Electric Co., Ltd.Wi-Fi TM is a registered trademark of Wireless Ethernet Compatibility Alliance. RC4 is a registered trademark of RSA Security Inc. in United State and other country.Microsoft, Windows, and Windows NT are trademarks of Microsoft Corporation.All company names and product names are trademark of their respective companies.Mitsumi are not responsible for any damage or loss caused by the Wavit11 Wireless LAN.Mitsumi hold the copyright on this User’s Manual. Anyone cannot copy or reproduce this User’s manual unless Mitsumi grant agreement in writing form.If this product is used near the television set or radio receiver, the TV display may be sometimes disturbed or the noise may be heard in audio output. In such a situation, it will be necessary to install this product far from TV and radio set. This product may affect the medical apparatus, so you cannot install this product inside a hospital.If you install this product near the microwave oven,communication performances may degrade due to the radio waveemitted from microwave oven. Install this product far from microwave oven or prevent from the simultaneous usage.Accompanied AC adapter is designed for 117volts AC use only.The use of AC other than 117volts is dangerous and not permitted.The use of other AC adapters is prohibited. If other AC adapters were used, the product would heat or it may lead to a fire.1. PrefaceThank you for purchasing the Wavit11. This user’s manual includes various notices to allow you to use the Wavit11 safely and properly. Keep this anytime and read carefully. In this way, you can always refer to this.2. Accompanied AccessoriesThe following accessories are accompanied to Wavit11.If you could not check all accessories, contact with the distributor.AccessoriesItem QuantityNoteWavit11 Wireless LAN 1AC Adapter 1Ethernet Cable 1 Straight Cable (1m)Wall Mount Attachment 1User’s Manual 1 This documentWavit11 Configuration Utility 1 3.5 inch Floppy disk3. FeaturesThe Wavit11 is standalone wireless LAN with 10BASE-T interface. When using Wavit11, you can install wireless network not only to personal computers but also to printer and other network equipment that have 10BASE-T ports. The Wavit11 is connected to network devices with 10BASE-T cable, so you do not need to install device drivers to set up Wavit11.The Wavit11 operates as Access Point that supports up to 16 Wavit11. Also, it operates as Wireless Bridge. Wireless Bridge connects two networks that are physically separated by two Wavit11s.Wavit11Wireless LANAC Adapter EthernetCableWall MountAttachmentUsersManual ConfigurationUtility5. About Wireless LAN NetworkThere are 4 types of wireless LAN network that using Wavit11.Make a selection according to the usage of the wireless LAN network. Wireless LAN Type FunctionAd-Hoc LAN The network consists of only wireless clients.IBSS LAN The network consists of only wireless clients. Infrastructure LAN The network combined both wired and wireless clients. Wireless Bridge The network connects two networks wirelessly.5.1. Ad-Hoc LANThe Ad-Hoc LAN is a network consisting of only wireless LAN. It is the network that does not connect to the Ethernet backbone and external network such as Internet. There is not a restriction on the number of wireless LAN units in the Ad-Hoc LAN.Set the communication mode of Wavit11 to “Ad-Hoc” mode.5.2. IBSS LANThe IBSS LAN is a network of only wireless LAN. It is the network that does not communicate to the Ethernet backbone and external network such as Internet. There is not a restriction on the number of wireless LAN units in the IBSS LAN. Set the communication mode of Wavit11 to “802.11 Ad-Hoc” mode.5.3. Infrastructure LANCommunication is established via an Access Point in the infrastructure LAN, therefore direct communication with other Wavit11s is not possible. This is the network that is used in such an occasion where Ethernet is being connected to Access Point and Internet access is carried out through Ethernet.Set the communication mode of one Wavit11 to “AP” mode and set the other Wavit11 communication mode to “Infrastructure” mode.5.4. Wireless BridgeThe Wireless Bridge connects two wired network using two Wavit11. The maximum number of network equipment that can be connected to wired LAN is 16.Set the communication mode of Wavit11 to “Wireless Bridge” mode.6. Installation method of Wavit11 Configuration Utility6.1. Microsoft Windows VersionWavit11 Configuration Utility runs on Microsoft Windows of the following version.OS Status NotesWindows95 Install 4.01 or above Internet Explorer Windows95 OSR2 Install 4.01 or above Internet Explorer Windows95OSR2.5Install 4.01 or above Internet Explorer Windows98 OKWindows98 SE OKWindows Me OKWindows NT 4.0 WorkStation Install 4.01 or above Internet Explorer Windows NT SP3 is required to install Internet Explorer 4.01.Windows 2000 OK Windows XP OK6.2. Confirm an Ethernet portWavit11 Configuration Utility should be installed to the personal computer with Ethernet port. Also, the device driver needs to be set up appropriately. Confirm in accordance with the following procedure.[STEP1] Select “Start”->”Setting”->”Control Panel”.[STEP2] Click “Network” icon in the control panel.[STEP3] Check to see t hat an Ethernet adapter is installed in “Configuration” page.[STEP4] Click the “Cancel” button.6.3. Confirm the TCP/IP protocolThe TCP/IP protocol should be installed to the personal computer with Wavit11 Configuration Utility. It is necessary that Wavit11 Configuration Utility is set up appropriately. Confirm the TCP/IP protocol in accordance with the following procedure.[STEP1] Select “Start”->”Setting”->”Control Panel”[STEP2] Click “Network” icon in the “Control Panel”.[STEP3] Check to see that the relevant TCP/IP protocol is installed that corresponds to the Ethernet adapter used in the “Configuration” page. Select TCP/IP protocol corresponding to the Ethernet adapter and click the “Properties” button.[STEP4] Confirm your selection in the “IP address” page. Which one is selected, either “Obtain an IP address automatically” or “Specify an IP address”?[STEP5] Click “Cancel” button.[STEP6] Click “Cancel” button.[STEP10] In the case that “Specify an IP address” is selected in the “IP Address” page, check that the “IP Address” and “Subnet Mask” are set.[STEP11] Click the “Cancel” button.[STEP12] Click the “Cancel” button.6.4. Confirm an IP Address[STEP1] Click “Start”->”Run”[STEP2] Input “winipcfg” to “Open” and click “OK” button.[STEP3] Select Ethernet adapter at “Adapter Address” in “IP Configuration” window.[STEP4] Confirm the “IP Address” and “Subnet Mask”.[STEP5] Click “OK” button.6.5. Installation of the Wavit11Configuration Utility [STEP1] Insert Wavit11Configuration Utility disk to drive A. [STEP2] Click “My Computer” icon.[STEP3] Click “3.5 ½ floppy (A:)” icon.[STEP4] Click “Setup” icon.The “Install Shield Wizard” window appears.[STEP5] Click the “Next>” button in “Install Shield Wizard” window.[STEP6] Select “Destination Folder”. Click “Next>” button to install the Configuration Utility to the default folder. Click the “Browse” button in the case that you want to install to a different folder.[STEP7] Select Program Folder. Click “Next>” button if you agree the default folder. If you prefer to install it to another folder, select from the “Existing Folders” and click “Next” button.The “Setup Status” appears.[STEP8] Install Shield Wizard Complete appears. Click the “Finish” button.。
C#标准编码规范
门锁接口图文版
门锁接口配置说明（图文版）目录爱迪尔门锁系统(V7.1)........................................................................................... 3 一、爱迪尔门锁系统二、Lock2200 .. (4)爱迪尔门锁系统Lock3200K .................................................................................... 三、 5普蓝德门锁系统.四、 (5)普蓝德门锁系统(IC)五、 (5)华联杰门锁系统....................................................................................................... 5 六、华联杰门锁系统(标准版)七、 (6)天宇门锁系统八、 (6)天宇第三代IC门锁管理系统 V3.0B ..................................................................... 九、6摩德隆门锁系统– RF ........................................................................................... 6 十、摩德隆门锁系统– IC........................................................................................... 7 十一、摩德隆门锁系统（十二、2008、2010专业版C）.. (8)摩德隆门锁系统（2010专业版A）....................................................................... 8 十三、HMS十四、门锁系统(中国智能门锁系统). (10)必达门锁系统十五、5.5（doorlock-client(bt5.5)） (10)必达门锁系统5.6十六、 (10)必达门锁系统5.7 .................................................................................................. 十七、11必达门锁系统5.7A十八、 (12)中星门锁系统十九、......................................................................................................... 1 2高士达门锁系统. 二十、 (12)创佳门锁系统(RF) （LocstarDoorlock）......................................................... 1二十一、23 .................................................. 1（LocstarDoorlock）二十二、创佳门锁系统(老版IC) 3 LocstarDoorlock）....................................... 二十三、1新版）同创新佳智能门锁（RF-（......................................................................................................... 1二十四、3 邦威门锁系统13 ........................................................................................................ 索高门锁系统二十五、. 3 盾牌智能卡门锁系统二十六、............................................................................................. 1 二十七、(IC) ............................................................................................. 14 爱莱特门锁系统 4 二十八、....................................................................... 1深圳金联山门锁(HotelDoorlock)14 二十九、(LcDoorlock)宇达智能门锁.................................................................................4 T-2008(TemicDoorlock)Digital数码门锁三十、....................................................... 1 Digital 数码门锁T-2009(TemicDoorlock)5 三十一、. (1)5 (DigiICDoorlock)2.1.6）............................... 三十二、1Digital数码门锁（接口版本15 ................................................................................ 威萨门锁（WeisaDoorlock三十三、）08威萨门锁（Weisa08Doorlock）1三十四、6 ......................................................................6 .............................. V11-120601威萨电子门锁（三十五、WeisaV11M1Doorlock(V2)）117 .................................................................. V3.01(LarkDoorlock)远为智能门锁三十六、远为智能门锁1V1.03 (IssueInterfaceLarkDoorlock)-新版.......................... 8 三十七、8 1................................................................... (RfwrDoorlock)智能门锁MCPO美高三十八、．三十九、西容接触式门锁5.09(SyronDoorlock) (19)四十、西容接触式门锁7.01(Syron504EWRDoorlock) (19)四十一、力维门锁接口(LevelDoorlock) (19)四十二、力维RF57门锁接口(LevelV1RFDoorlock) (20)四十三、力维V2.9门锁接口(LevelV29Doorlock) (20)四十四、Hotel1.1门锁系统（TmcardDoorlock） (20)四十五、ProUSB门锁系统(ProusbDoorlock) (20)四十六、Hotel Management(Es200601)门锁(Es200601Doorlock) (21)四十七、安达信门锁接口(ADXLock10Doorlock) (21)四十八、宏力佳智能门锁系统(HotelV1Doorlock) (21)四十九、阳光门锁(Uga2007Doorlock) (22)五十、GFOX V8.00C1门锁(KxLockDoorlock) (22)五十一、雅迪顿3.2门锁（2006版）(YDD2006Doorlock) (22)五十二、雅迪顿3.2门锁(YDD2008Doorlock) (24)五十三、西容2010版本新接口 (24)五十四、宝迅达V5门锁(XeederDoorlock) (24)五十五、同飞达门锁系统9.0 (IcreaderDoorlock) (25)五十六、广东网讯5.0门锁(T307Doorlock) (25)五十七、MB Temic 4.2门锁系统（Mbt2005Doorlock） (25)五十八、华高（HG）V9门锁系统（V9RFL32Doorlock） (25)五十九、兆凯RF380门锁系统 (27)六十、瑞威V8.9门锁系统 (27)六十一、天固门锁(AnLock2009Doorlock) (28)六十二、安洛克门锁(AnLock_2009Doorlock) (28)六十三、摩力门锁(MoliDoorlock) (29)六十四、劲卫门门锁系统（JWMDoorlock） (31)六十五、MF门锁(NetPmsDoorlock) (32)六十六、科裕门锁系统（IC_D5Doorlock） (33)六十七、科裕HUNERF-RF54门锁(HUNERFDoorlock) (33)六十八、科裕HUNERF-V20门锁(HUNERFV20Doorlock) (35)六十九、深圳日翔门锁系统（RFL32Doorlock） (37)七十、倍特门锁系统（BteDoorlock） (39)七十一、阔道门锁系统（LibDriverDoorlock） (41)七十二、Sccicc上成宾馆门锁管理系统(ScciccDoorlock) (41)七十三、三环智能TM卡锁系统(PbtmDoorlock) (43)七十四、三环智能门锁(CardDllDoorlock) (43)七十五、东屋电气Talenca门锁系统(TalencaDoorlock) (43)七十六、高盾(GoodDum)门锁（LockSDKDoorLock） (45)附：全功能门锁接口配置说明 (45)一、爱迪尔门锁系统(V7.1)1.配置说明1)数据库服务器：看门锁软件的数据库在哪，本机用127.0.0.12)门锁软件：选择使用的门锁软件3)串口：参照门锁软件的设置4)发卡机：参考门锁软件的设置5)TM发卡机类型：参考门锁软件的设置2.门锁房号设置参照门锁系统的房号设置，共6位。
基坑规范英文版
基坑规范英文版篇一：行业标准中英对照44项工程建设标准（英文版）目录123篇二：地下室设计深基坑中英文对照外文翻译文献中英文对照外文翻译(文档含英文原文和中文翻译)Deep ExcavationsABSTRACT ：All major topics in the design of in-situ retaining systems for deep excavations in urban areas are outlined. Type of wall, water related problems and water pressures, lateral earth pressures, type of support, solution to earth retaining walls, types of failure, internal and external stability problems.KEYWORDS: deep excavation; retaining wall; earth pressure;INTRODUCTIONNumbers of deep excavation pits in city centers are increasing every year. Buildings, streets surroundingexcavation locations and design of very deep basements make excavations formidable projects. This chapter has been organized in such a way that subjects related to deep excavation projects are summarized in several sections in the order of design routine. These are types of in-situ walls, water pressures and water related problems. Earth pressures in cohesionless and cohesive soils are presented in two different categories. Ground anchors, struts and nails as supporting elements are explained. Anchors are given more emphasis pared to others due to widespread use observed in the recent years. Stability of retaining systems are discussed as internal and external stability. Solution of walls for shears, moments, displacements and support reactions under earth and water pressures are obtained making use of different methods of analysis. A pile wall supported by anchors is solved by three methods and the results are pared. Type of wall failures, observed wall movements and instrumentation of deep excavation projects are summarized.1. TYPES OF EARTH RETAINING WALLS1.1 IntroductionMore than several types of in-situ walls are used to support excavations. The criteria for the selection of type of wall are size of excavation, ground conditions, groundwater level, vertical and horizontal displacements of adjacent ground and limitations of various structures, availability of construction, cost,speed of work and others. One of the main decisions is the water-tightness of wall. The following types ofin-situ walls will be summarized below;1. Braced walls, soldier pile and lagging walls2. Sheet-piling or sheet pile walls3. Pile walls (contiguous, secant)4. Diaphragm walls or slurry trench walls5. Reinforced concrete (cast-in-situ or prefabricated) retaining walls6. Soil nail walls7. Cofferdams8. Jet-grout and deep mixed walls9. Top-down construction10. Partial excavation or island method1.1.1 Braced WallsExcavation proceeds step by step after placement of soldier piles or so called king posts around the excavation at about 2 to 3 m intervals. These may be steel H, I or WF sections. Rail sections and timber are also used. At each level horizontal waling beams and supporting elements (struts, anchors,nails) are constructed. Soldier piles are driven or monly placed in bored holes in urban areas, and timberlagging is placed between soldier piles during the excavation. Various details of placement of lagging are available, however(来自: 小龙文档网:基坑规范英文版), precast units, in-situ concrete or shotcrete may also be used as alternative to timber. Depending on ground conditions no lagging may be provided in relatively shallow pits.Historically braced walls are strut supported. They had been used extensively before the ground anchor technology was developed in 1970?s. Soils with some cohesion and without water table are usually suitable for this type of construction or dewatering is acpanied if required and allowed. Strut support is monly preferred in narrow excavations for pipe laying or similar works but also used in deep and large excavations (See Fig 1.1). Ground anchor support is increasingly used and preferred due to access for construction works and machinery. Waling beams may be used or anchors may be placed directly on soldierpiles without any beams.1.1.2 Sheet-piling or Sheet Pile WallsSheet pile is a thin steel section (7-30 mm thick)400-500 mm wide. It is manufactured in different lengths and shapes like U, Z and straight line sections (Fig. 1.2). There are interlocking watertight grooves at the sides, and they are driven into soil by hammering or vibrating. Their use is often restricted in urbanized areas due to environmental problems likenoise and vibrations. New generation hammers generate minimum vibration anddisturbance, and static pushing of sections have been recently possible. In soft ground several sections may be driven using a template. The end product is a watertight steel wall in soil. One side (inner) of wall is excavated step by step and support is given by struts or anchor. Waling beams (walers) are frequently used. They are usually constructed in water bearing soils.Steel sheet piles are the most mon but sometimes reinforced concrete precast sheet pile sections are preferred in soft soils if driving difficulties are not expected. Steel piles may also encounter driving difficulties in very dense, stiff soils or in soils with boulders. Jetting may be acpanied during the process to ease penetration. Steel sheet pile sections used in such difficult driving conditions are selected according to the driving resistance rather than the design moments in the project. Another frequently faced problem is the flaws in interlocking during driving which result in leakages under water table. Sheet pile walls are monly used for temporary purposes but permanent cases are also abundant. In temporary works sections are extracted after their service is over, and they are reused after maintenance. This process may not be suitable in dense urban environment.1.1.3 Pile WallsIn-situ pile retaining walls are very popular due to their availability and practicability. There are different types of pile walls (Fig. 1.3). In contiguous (intermittent) bored pile construction, spacing between the piles is greater篇三：基坑开挖换填施工方案英文版Sokoto Cement Factory Project of the 17 Bureau, Chinese Railway ConstructionCompanythConstruction Schemes for Foundation pit ExcavationAnd ReplacementComposed by：Editor：Chief editor：Fifth division of 17th Bureau of CRCC, manager department of theSokoto Cement Factory Project, Nigeria23th November 2104Contents1Introduction ......................................... ...................................................... ............................. １1.1 Basis for theposition ............................................. ............................................... １1.2 Principles for theposition ............................................. ........................................ １2.1Location ............................................. ...................................................... .................... １2.2 Geographicreport ............................................... ...................................................... ... ２2.3 Ground water and undergroundwater. ............................................... ......................... ２ Construction techniques andmethods .............................................. ...................................... ２3.1 Excavation of the foundationpit .................................................. ................................ ２3.1.13.1.23.1.33.1.43.1.53.1.63.23.2.13.2.23.2.33.2.44 Gradient of the foundationpit .................................................. ......................... ３ The stability of the side slope ................................................ ............................ ３ The form ofexcavation ........................................... .......................................... ４Preparation for theexcavation ........................................... ................................ ５ Construction procedures ........................................... ......................................... ６Methods .............................................. ...................................................... ......... ６ Constructionmaterial ............................................. ........................................... ７Constructionpreparation .......................................... ......................................... ８Techniques and constructionalprocedure. ........................................... ............. ８Methods .............................................. ...................................................... ......... ９ 3 Gravelreplacement .......................................... ...................................................... ...... ７ Organization of construction and logistic work ................................................. ................ １１4.1 The managing system for construction organization. ........................................ ...... １１4.2 Human resources for theconstruction ......................................... ............................ １１4.3 Logisticwork ................................................. ...................................................... .... １２4.4 Technicalguarantee ............................................ ..................................................... １２4.5 Quality and techniques standard andregulation ........................................... ........... １２4.5.14.5.24.5.34.5.44.64.6.14.6.24.6.34.74.8 Qualitystandard ............................................. ............................................... １２Quality monitoringorganization ......................................... .......................... １３ Raising awareness for the importance of quality and professional skills. .... １３ Establishing quality managementcode. ................................................ ........ １３ Safety regulations for mechanical construction ......................................... ... １４ Trafficregulations ......................................................................................... １５Safety regulations for fillingconstruction. ........................................ ............ １５ Safety techniquesmeasures ............................................. ........................................ １４Environment protectionmeasures ............................................. .............................. １６ Construction during the rainseason ............................................... ......................... １６4.8.14.8.2 Collecting weatherdata ................................................. ................................ １６ Technical measures fordrainage ............................................. ...................... １６4.9 Technical measures for sandstorm ................................................ .......................... １７4.10 Contingencyplan ................................................. .................................................... １７Construction Schemes for Foundation pitExcavation And Replacement1 Introduction1.1 Basis for the position1.1.1 1.1.21.1.3 Drawings submitted by the Owner (GB50300-2001）。
凤凰2011刷机教程,个人整理
凤凰2011刷机教程一、手机能开机的刷机方法（正常刷机）1.安装凤凰刷机软件，文件名一般是2.Phoenix_Service_Software_xxx.xx.xxx.xxx_Cracked.exe，他会自动安装，安装前请退出360安全卫士并且禁用杀毒软件的实时监测功能，360安全卫士会阻碍程序的正常安装2.安装刷机包，文件名例如3.5230_Nokia_firmware_RM-588_CHINA_40.0.102_v9.0.exe，也是默认路径安装3.以第一个模式连接手机，应该是PC套件模式（PC SUITE）或者诺基亚模式，可以看到设备管理器里驱动加载正常，如果你开着PC套件等相关程序，请退出4.打开凤凰5.下拉选择当前机型的工厂代码，此处选择RM-5556.点击“File” - “Scan Product”7.此时显示了手机的相关信息8.点击“Flashing” - “Firmware Update”9.如果你机器的CODE在安装的资料包内，那么会直接显示相关信息，如下图10.如果你机器的CODE不在安装的资料包内，那么会显示空白，如下图11.如果是空白，请点击旁边的“...”进行CODE的选择，如下图12.选择有中文的CODE，一般（S60机型：APAC1、Singapore、Malaysia）（S40机型：APAC-X、APAC-R）地区的CODE都有中文，选好点击OK13.点击SW Reset开始刷机后开始等待刷机完成14.中途设备管理器会出现2个ADL驱动* 如果出现下图所示驱动完成安装提示，请一定要迅速点击完成S60机型会先出现2个USB驱动15.刷完设备管理器出现2个含有机型的USB驱动16.点击确定，刷机成功完整的刷机进程：∙Flashing started∙Creating product data items list∙Product data items list created∙Backup not required∙Flashing phone∙Initializing∙Verifying communication to device...∙Scanning image files...∙Loading secondary boot code: 15232 bytes ∙Secondary boot loaded∙Loading update server code: 2884815 bytes∙Update server loaded∙Asic CMT: Verifying communication to device...∙Asic CMT: Verifying communication to device...∙Asic CMT: Start programming 165230 KB...∙Asic CMT: Partitioning RM-555_12.0.110_prd.core.C00 ∙Asic CMT: Partitioning area 1...∙Asic CMT: Erasing RM-555_12.0.110_prd.core.C00∙Asic CMT: Erasing area 1...∙Asic CMT: Erasing area 2...∙Asic CMT: Erasing area 3...∙Asic CMT: Erasing area 4...∙Asic CMT: Erasing partition 0x0000000A...∙Asic CMT: Erasing RM-555_12.0.110_prd.rofs2.V19∙Asic CMT: Erasing area 1...∙Asic CMT: Erasing RM-555_12.0.110_C01_prd.rofs3.fpsx ∙Asic CMT: Erasing area 1...∙Asic CMT: Erasing RM555_12.0.110_uda_11_001.uda.fpsx ∙Asic CMT: Erasing area 1...∙Asic CMT: Erasing rm555ENOA09w24v0.050.fpsx∙Asic CMT: Erasing area 1...∙Asic CMT: Programming RM-555_12.0.110_prd.core.C00 ∙Asic CMT: Programming 0%∙Asic CMT: Programming 2%∙Asic CMT: Programming 4%∙Asic CMT: Programming 6%∙Asic CMT: Programming 8%∙Asic CMT: Programming 10%∙Asic CMT: Programming 12%∙Asic CMT: Programming 14%∙Asic CMT: Programming 16%∙Asic CMT: Programming 18%∙Asic CMT: Programming 20%∙Asic CMT: Programming 22%∙Asic CMT: Programming 24%∙Asic CMT: Programming 26%∙Asic CMT: Programming 28%∙Asic CMT: Programming 30%∙Asic CMT: Programming 32%∙Asic CMT: Programming 34%∙Asic CMT: Programming 36%∙Asic CMT: Programming 38%∙Asic CMT: Programming 40%∙Asic CMT: Programming 42%∙Asic CMT: Programming 44%∙Asic CMT: Programming 46%∙Asic CMT: Programming 48%∙Asic CMT: Programming 50%∙Asic CMT: Programming 52%∙Asic CMT: Programming 54%∙Asic CMT: Programming 56%∙Asic CMT: Programming 58%∙Asic CMT: Programming 60%∙Asic CMT: Programming 62%∙Asic CMT: Programming RM-555_12.0.110_prd.rofs2.V19∙Asic CMT: Programming 64%∙Asic CMT: Programming 66%∙Asic CMT: Programming 68%∙Asic CMT: Programming 70%∙Asic CMT: Programming 72%∙Asic CMT: Programming 74%∙Asic CMT: Programming 76%∙Asic CMT: Programming 78%∙Asic CMT: Programming 80%∙Asic CMT: Programming 82%∙Asic CMT: Programming 84%∙Asic CMT: Programming RM-555_12.0.110_C01_prd.rofs3.fpsx∙Asic CMT: Programming RM555_12.0.110_uda_11_001.uda.fpsx∙Asic CMT: Programming 86%∙Asic CMT: Programming 88%∙Asic CMT: Programming 90%∙Asic CMT: Programming 92%∙Asic CMT: Programming 94%∙Asic CMT: Programming 96%∙Asic CMT: Programming 98%∙Asic CMT: Programming rm555ENOA09w24v0.050.fpsx∙Asic CMT: Programming 100%∙Asic CMT: Verifying communication to device...∙Phone flashing completed. Waiting for phone to boot up∙Bootup successful∙Verifying communication to product (before flash finalizing) ∙Communication verified∙Doing factorysets∙Factorysets complete∙Loading default data to phone∙Loading default data to phone∙Getting Data Package∙Reading product state∙Starting backup/restore sub-procedure: data item pre-delay∙data item pre-delay∙data item pre-delay∙Sub-procedure completed: Succeeded., result code: 0∙Starting to backup/restore data item: ProductProfile, version: 1.1 ∙Data Item backup/restore completed: Succeeded., result code: 0 ∙Starting backup/restore sub-procedure: data item post-delay∙data item post-delay∙data item post-delay∙Sub-procedure completed: Succeeded., result code: 0∙Backup/restore result: 0 out of 1 items were not backed up∙Default data loading complete∙Stopping all operations, returning phone to default mode∙All operations completed∙Firmware updating succeeded.二、手机能开机的刷机方法（正常刷机）注意：1）不管最高版本的资料是否有中文，只要机器无法开机，必须强刷最高版本的资料，否则强刷无法成功；2）S40非智能机机型强刷成功后需要按照楼上的方法在开机状态下重新刷一遍，否则丢失证书；1.打开凤凰，并且打开电脑的设备管理器，连接手机至电脑，不插手机电池2.保持NO CONNECTION首位，点击“File” - “Open Product”3.选择死机的工厂代码（RM-xxx），一般从电池仓内的标签里可以寻找到4.点击“Flashing” - “Firmware Update”5.点击旁边的“...”进行CODE的选择，选择有中文的CODE，一般（S60机型：APAC1、Singapore、Malaysia）（S40机型：APAC-X、APAC-R）地区的CODE都有中文，选好点击OK，如果最高版本资料没有中文，就随便选个，确保是最高版本6.勾选“Dead phone USB Flashing”，点击“SW Reset”开始强刷7.等到出现如下提示，点击确定后插上电池，按开机键3秒松手，此时可以听到电脑有叮咚的声音，说明检测到新驱动（N97等机型无需按开机键，只要插上电池，即可被检测到），如果过了10秒钟设备管理器不出现下图2个驱动，请直接拔了电池再插上电池，按开机键3秒松手，直到出现2个USB驱动为止2个USB驱动图例8.强刷正常进行，中途设备管理器里的2个USB驱动会转换为2个ADL驱动，如下图（N96不会变为2个ADL，永远是2个USB）9.点击确定，强刷成功，手机会自动开机，如果没有开机，可以尝试移除电池再插上电池，按开机键完整的强刷进度：∙Flashing started∙Creating product data items list∙Product data items list created∙Backup not required∙Flashing phone∙Initializing∙Scanning image files...∙Waiting for USB device...∙Loading secondary boot code: 15232 bytes∙Secondary boot loaded∙Loading update server code: 2884815 bytes∙Update server loaded∙Asic CMT: Verifying communication to device...∙Asic CMT: Verifying communication to device...∙Asic CMT: Start programming 165230 KB...∙Asic CMT: Partitioning RM-555_12.0.110_prd.core.C00∙Asic CMT: Partitioning area 1...∙Asic CMT: Erasing RM-555_12.0.110_prd.core.C00∙Asic CMT: Erasing area 1...∙Asic CMT: Erasing area 2...∙Asic CMT: Erasing area 3...∙Asic CMT: Erasing area 4...∙Asic CMT: Erasing partition 0x0000000A...∙Asic CMT: Erasing RM-555_12.0.110_prd.rofs2.V19∙Asic CMT: Erasing area 1...∙Asic CMT: Erasing RM-555_12.0.110_C01_prd.rofs3.fpsx ∙Asic CMT: Erasing area 1...∙Asic CMT: Erasing RM555_12.0.110_uda_11_001.uda.fpsx ∙Asic CMT: Erasing area 1...∙Asic CMT: Erasing rm555ENOA09w24v0.050.fpsx∙Asic CMT: Erasing area 1...∙Asic CMT: Programming RM-555_12.0.110_prd.core.C00 ∙Asic CMT: Programming 0%∙Asic CMT: Programming 2%∙Asic CMT: Programming 4%∙Asic CMT: Programming 6%∙Asic CMT: Programming 8%∙Asic CMT: Programming 10%∙Asic CMT: Programming 12%∙Asic CMT: Programming 14%∙Asic CMT: Programming 16%∙Asic CMT: Programming 18%∙Asic CMT: Programming 20%∙Asic CMT: Programming 22%∙Asic CMT: Programming 24%∙Asic CMT: Programming 26%∙Asic CMT: Programming 28%∙Asic CMT: Programming 30%∙Asic CMT: Programming 32%∙Asic CMT: Programming 34%∙Asic CMT: Programming 36%∙Asic CMT: Programming 38%∙Asic CMT: Programming 40%∙Asic CMT: Programming 42%∙Asic CMT: Programming 44%∙Asic CMT: Programming 46%∙Asic CMT: Programming 48%∙Asic CMT: Programming 50%∙Asic CMT: Programming 52%∙Asic CMT: Programming 54%∙Asic CMT: Programming 56%∙Asic CMT: Programming 58%∙Asic CMT: Programming 60%∙Asic CMT: Programming 62%∙Asic CMT: Programming RM-555_12.0.110_prd.rofs2.V19∙Asic CMT: Programming 64%∙Asic CMT: Programming 66%∙Asic CMT: Programming 68%∙Asic CMT: Programming 70%∙Asic CMT: Programming 72%∙Asic CMT: Programming 74%∙Asic CMT: Programming 76%∙Asic CMT: Programming 78%∙Asic CMT: Programming 80%∙Asic CMT: Programming 82%∙Asic CMT: Programming 84%∙Asic CMT: Programming RM-555_12.0.110_C01_prd.rofs3.fpsx∙Asic CMT: Programming RM555_12.0.110_uda_11_001.uda.fpsx∙Asic CMT: Programming 86%∙Asic CMT: Programming 88%∙Asic CMT: Programming 90%∙Asic CMT: Programming 92%∙Asic CMT: Programming 94%∙Asic CMT: Programming 96%∙Asic CMT: Programming 98%∙Asic CMT: Programming rm555ENOA09w24v0.050.fpsx∙Asic CMT: Programming 100%∙Asic CMT: Verifying communication to device...∙Phone flashing completed. Waiting for phone to boot up∙Bootup successful∙Verifying communication to product (before flash finalizing) ∙Communication verified∙Product code changed∙Doing factorysets∙Factorysets complete∙Loading default data to phone∙Loading default data to phone∙Getting Data Package∙Reading product state∙Starting backup/restore sub-procedure: data item pre-delay∙data item pre-delay∙data item pre-delay∙Sub-procedure completed: Succeeded., result code: 0∙Starting to backup/restore data item: ProductProfile, version: 1.1∙Data Item backup/restore completed: Succeeded., result code: 0 ∙Starting backup/restore sub-procedure: data item post-delay ∙data item post-delay∙data item post-delay∙Sub-procedure completed: Succeeded., result code: 0∙Backup/restore result: 0 out of 1 items were not backed up ∙Default data loading complete∙Stopping all operations, returning phone to default mode∙All operations completed∙Firmware updating succeeded.2012年5月17日。
rotate keys 原理
rotate keys 原理Rotating keys is an essential security measure in modern digital systems. Key rotation involves replacing cryptographic keys at regular intervals to mitigate the risk of a security breach. This is particularly important for systems that store sensitive data, such as financial or personal information.密钥轮换是现代数字系统中的重要安全措施。
密钥轮换涉及定期更换加密密钥，以减轻安全漏洞的风险。
这对于存储敏感数据的系统尤为重要，比如财务或个人信息。
From a technical perspective, key rotation ensures that if a cryptographic key is compromised, the window of vulnerability is limited. When a key is rotated, any data encrypted with the old key becomes inaccessible, thereby minimizing the impact of a potential security breach. By regularly rotating keys, organizations can effectively reduce the likelihood of unauthorized access to sensitive information.从技术角度来看，密钥轮换确保如果密码密钥被破坏，漏洞的时间窗口是有限的。
AMC8-2011
2011 AMC 8 ProblemsProblem 1Margie bought apples at a cost of cents per apple. She paid with a 5-dollarbill. How much change did Margie recieve?Problem 2Karl's rectangular vegetable garden is feet by feet, and Makenna's isfeet by feet. Whose garden is larger in area?Problem 3Extend the square pattern of 8 black and 17 white square tiles by attaching a border of black tiles around the square. What is the ratio of black tiles to white tiles in the extended pattern?Problem 4Here is a list of the numbers of fish that Tyler caught in nine outings last summer:Which statement about the mean, median, and mode is true?Problem 5What time was it minutes after midnight on January 1, 2011?Problem 6In a town of 351 adults, every adult owns a car, motorcycle, or both. If 331 adults own cars and 45 adults own motorcycles, how many of the car owners do not own a motorcycle?Problem 7Each of the following four large congruent squares is subdivided into combinations of congruent triangles or rectangles and is partially bolded. What percent of the total area is partially bolded?Problem 8Bag A has three chips labeled 1, 3, and 5. Bag B has three chips labeled 2, 4, and 6. If one chip is drawn from each bag, how many different values are possible for the sum of the two numbers on the chips?Problem 9Carmen takes a long bike ride on a hilly highway. The graph indicates the miles traveled during the time of her ride. What is Carmen's average speed for herentire ride in miles per hour?Problem 10The taxi fare in Gotham City is $2.40 for the first mile and additional mileage charged at the rate $0.20 for each additional 0.1 mile. You plan to give the driver a $2 tip. How many miles can you ride for $10?Problem 11The graph shows the number of minutes studied by both Asha (black bar) and Sasha (grey bar) in one week. On the average, how many more minutes per daydid Sasha study than Asha?Problem 12Angie, Bridget, Carlos, and Diego are seated at random around a square table, one person to a side. What is the probability that Angie and Carlos are seated opposite each other?Problem 13Two congruent squares, and , have side length . Theyoverlap to form the by rectangle shown. What percent of the areaof rectangle is shaded?Problem 14There are students at Colfax Middle School, where the ratio of boys to girls is. There are students at Winthrop Middle School, where the ratio of boys to girls is . The two schools hold a dance and all students from both schools attend. What fraction of the students at the dance are girls?Problem 15How many digits are in the product ?Problem 16Let be the area of the triangle with sides of length , and . Let bethe area of the triangle with sides of length and . What is therelationship between and ?Problem 17Let , , , and be whole numbers. If , then whatdoes equal?Problem 18A fair 6-sided die is rolled twice. What is the probability that the first number that comes up is greater than or equal to the second number?Problem 19How many rectangles are in this figure?Problem 20Quadrilateral is a trapezoid, , , , and the altitude is . What is the area of the trapezoid?Problem 21Students guess that Norb's age is , and . Norb says, "At least half of you guessed too low, two of you are off by one, and my age is a prime number." How old is Norb?Problem 22What is the tens digit of ?Problem 23How many 4-digit positive integers have four different digits, where the leading digit is not zero, the integer is a multiple of 5, and 5 is the largest digit?Problem 24In how many ways can 10001 be written as the sum of two primes?Problem 25A circle with radius is inscribed in a square and circumscribed about another square as shown. Which fraction is closest to the ratio of the circle's shaded area to the area between the two squares?。
TEM真题及答案详解
TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2014) -GRADE FOUR-TIME LIMIT: 135 MINPART I DICTATION [15 MIN]Listen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be done at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third readings, the passage will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of 15 seconds. The last reading will be done at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work. You will then be given 2 minutes to check through your work once more.Please write the whole passage on ANSWER SHEET ONE.PART II LISTENING COMPREHENSION [20 MIN]In Sections A, B and C you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the best answer to each question on Answer Sheet Two.SECTION A CONVERSATIONSIn this section you will hear several conversations. Listen to the conversations carefully and then answer the questions that follow.Questions 1 to 3 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the conversation.1. What are they mainly talking about in the conversationA. Transport.B. Customers.C. Relocation.D. Restaurants.2. Which of the following is mentioned by Tim as a good reason for movingA. More office space.B. Convenient parking.C. Fewer office workers.D. A near-by train station.3. Why is Jane worried about winter in the new locationA. It is much colder there.B. There are few activities.C. There are no good restaurants.D. There is no cinema or theatre.Questions 4 to 7 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the conversation.4. Miss Parkinson became interested in her own business _______.A. before she worked for the media companyB. when she was on holiday five years agoC. after she went to therapists and classesD. after her friend recommended it to her5. Why did she ask her teachers to teach her at homeA. She was busier than before.B. It was more convenient.C. She liked to exercise at home.D. She was given a promotion.6. Which of the following is NOT true according to the conversationA. She recommended people to take classes.B. She was willing to pay more for classes at home.C. She left her job immediately after her promotion.D. She regarded the business as a pastime at first.7. Why did she finally leave her jobA. She got bored with her job.B. She saw an opportunity.C. She needed the money.D. She was forced to leave.Questions 8 to 10 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the conversation.8. Which of the following is NOT mentioned about the single-lens reflexA. Different lenses can be used.B. Focusing is easier.C. You can see what you are taking.D. It is cheaper and lighter.9. According to the shop assistant, the main difference between the two types of cameras lies in _______.A. lensB. priceC. weightD. size10. It can be inferred from the conversation that the customer is more likely to buy _______ in the end.A. a single-lens cameraB. nothingC. a rangefinder cameraD. several lenses insteadSECTION B PASSAGESIn this section, you will hear several passages. Listen to the passages carefully and then answer the questions that follow.Questions 11 to 13 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the passage.11. Which of the following details about the front of the house is CORRECTA. The front is pink.B. The curtain is drawn.C. No window can be seen.D. There are two doors.12. What is to the immediate left side of the houseA. A washing line.B. Another house.C. A flat area.D. A chimney.13. Where is the small town in the pictureA. Between two hills.B. Further to the left of the house.C. At the back of the house.D. At the side of a hill.Questions 14 to 17 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the passage.14. When did Ben first become interested in MongoliaA. When he grew up.B. When he learned Mongolian.C. When he returned home.D. When he was nine years old.15. Where did he spend most of his teenage yearsA. In Mongolia.B. In the Arab world.C. In his hometown.D. In some other regions.16. We learn from the pa ssage that Ben _______ while doing his master’s degree.A. became interested in classical MongolianB. learned classical and modern MongolianC. gave up modern MongolianD. mastered modern Mongolian17. Which of the following details is NOT true according to the passageA. Ben wants to visit Mongolia when the weather is warm.B. Ben considers the travel expense reasonable.C. The trip today is expensive considering inflation.D. Ben was unable to travel to Mongolia in 1971.Questions 18 to 20 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the passage.18. Which is the height of towers at Sky Greens vertical farmA. 9 meters.B. 20 meters.C. 100 meters.D. 40 meters.19. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passageA. The farm sells its vegetables to a local supermarket.B. The farm uses less water and energy to grow vegetables.C. The farm causes less pollution in its production.D. The farm sells at the same price as imported produce20. According to the passage, one particular advantage of the Sky Green is _______.A. local climateB. local supportC. plan for expansionD. closeness to the citySECTION C NEWS BROADCASTIn this section, you will hear several news items. Listen to them carefully and then answer the questions that follow.Questions 21 and 22 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. Now. listen to the news.21. According to the passage, Turkish police were unsure about _______.A. when the woman was killedB. the main cause of the deathC. the woman’s identityD. why she failed to return home22. How many people had been detained by Turkish policeA. 9.B. 19.C.22.D. 33.Questions 23 and 24 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the news.23. What is the situation now in Kidal according to the newsA. Islamist militants are still in control of the town.B. French forces have entered the town.C. French are going to land at the airport.D. Islamist militants are attacking the airport.24. Why did the French launch the military operationA. To control Kidal airport.B. To protect the town.C. To protect the capital Bamako.D. To fight against Islamist militants.Questions 25 and 26 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the news.25. Which of the following is TRUE about the immigration reformA. It was proposed by a group of senators.B. Mr Obama had carried out the reform.C. Illegal immigrants would soon be given citizenship.D. The reform failed to improve the current system.26. According to Obama’s 2011 blueprint, how long would it take for illegal immigrants to gain citizenshipA. Eight years.B. Five years.C. Thirteen years.D. Eleven years.Questions 27 and 28 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the news.27. What is Lorraine Melvill’s businessA. Running a plastic surgery clinic.B. Arranging for surgery and safaris.C. Providing consultancy to local people.D. Organizing trips to UK and American.28. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the news itemA. Local African clients helped keep her business going.B. Her clients were unable to pay her the money.C. Her business was affected by the global financial crisis.D. She still had as many European clients as before.Questions 29 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 5 seconds to answer the question. Now, listen to the news.29. What is the main idea of the news itemA. Foreign investment in unstable regions.B. BP’s presence in North Africa.C. Security concerns in risky countries.D. Protection for foreign oil workers.Questions 30 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 5 seconds to answer the question. Now, listen to the news.30. What is the main message of the news itemA. London attracts shoppers from all over the world.B. Most people in Nigeria live in poverty.C. Wealthier Nigerians become a big spender.D. People from the Middle East are the most wealthy.PART III CLOZE [15 MIN]2 Decide which of the choices given below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks. Mark the best choice for each blank on ANSWER SHEET TWO.The Victorians had become addicted to speed and they wanted to go ever faster. Time was money and efficiency became (31)____ important. Although divisions of labour had been (32)____ by Adam Smithand illustrated by a pin factory in The Wealth of Nations in 1776, (33)____ could now become fully realised. This specialization of labour was in (34)____ contrast to the rural means of production, in (35)____ the family was the means of production, consumption and socialization. (36)____ greater speed came a greater need for industries and businesses to make more and make it quicker. Steam made this (37)____ and changed working life forever (38)____ were the days when work was (39)____ by natural forces: steam engines were servant (40)____ neither season nor sunshine. Factories had foremen and life became correspondingly more (41)____. The clocking-on machine was (42)____ in 1885 and time and motion studies to increase efficiency would be introduced only (43)____ twenty years later. (44)____ it was not all bad news. Agricultural incomes depended on variable harvests and weather. Factories provided (45)____ and predictable income, but long hours.Working life was becoming increasingly regulated, and the working (46)____ was reorganised to promote ever-greater efficiency. The old (47)____ St. Monday - when no work was done - was (48)____, work stopped around midday on Saturday and did not resume (49)____ Monday morning. A new division between “work” and “leisure” emerged, and this new block of weekend leisure time coincided with the development of spectator sports like cricket and football, and the (50)____ of music hall entertainment for the new working classes.31. A. increasingly B. surprisingly C. slowly D. obviously32. A. contributed B. informed C. spread D. conceived33. A. he B. it C. these D. those34. A. clear B. marked C. apparent D. firm35. A. that B. what C. where D. which36. A. Upon B. Over C. With D. For37. A. possible B. practical C. worthwhile D. useful38. A. Passed B. Lost C. Gone D. Missed39. A. defined B. controlled C. limited D. dictated40. A. over B. on C. by D. to41. A. standard B. controlled C. difficult D. dreadful42. A. designed B. created C. invented D. bought43. A. some B. certain C. these D. those44. A. For B. But C. Consequently D. Accordingly45. A. safe B. good C. continuous D. secure46. A. week B. period C. pattern D. practice47. A. culture B. behaviour C. custom D. habit48. A. repair B. compensate C. mend D. moderate49. A. before B. until C. on D. after50. A. raise B. increase C. trend D. presentPART IV GRAMMAR & VOCABULARY [15 MIN]There are thirty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words, phrases orstatements marked A, B, C and D. Choose one word, phrase or statement that best completes the sentence. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.51. It is essential that he ________ all the facts first.A. is examiningB. will examineC. examinesD. examine52. Which of the following sentences expresses a future actionA. Lucy is continually finding fault with her sister.B. We are meeting the visitors after the performance.C. The coach is now crossing the Garden Bridge.D. I’m hoping that you’ll give us some advice.53. Which of the following italicized parts is used as an object complementA. The front door remained locked.B. The boy looked disappointed.C. Nancy appeared worried.D. He seemed to have no money left.54. Which of the following sentences is INCORRECTA. Physics is an important school subject.B. The Niagara Falls is in North America.C. The United States borders Canada.D. Mumps is a kind of infectious disease.55. Which of the following sentences indicates POSSIBILITYA. The moon cannot always be at the full.B. You cannot smoke inside the building.C. He cannot come today.D. She cannot play the piano.56. The boys in the family are old enough for ________.A. schoolsB. schoolC. the schoolD. the schools57. Which of the following italicized parts indicates a predicate-object relationshipA. He was reading Mary’s letter in the room.B. You can buy men’s shoes in this shop.C. Mrs. Black’s passport was lost.D. The enemy’s defeat brought the war to an end.58. Please pardon ________ you.A. my disturbingB. disturbing meC. to disturbD. that I disturb59. Which of the following tag questions is INCORRECTA. Carry this parcel for me, will youB. Nobody wants to go there, does heC. Few people know him, don’t theyD. Everythi ng is ready, isn’t it60. Which of the following reflexive pronouns（反身代词）is used as an objectA. I spoke to the president himself.B. Frank is not quite himself today.C. Linda herself will play the violin.D. You must pull yourself together.61. The research team can handle ________ needs to be handled.A. wheneverB. whicheverC. whereverD. whatever62. Which of the following italicized parts modifies an adverbA. I rather like my teacher.B. That was a very funny film.C. Do it right now.D. We walked about 6 miles.63. When the sentence “They had made a mess of the house” is turned into passive voice, which of the following is CORRECTA. A mess had been made in the house.B. A mess had been made by them.C. The house had been made a mess of.D. The house had been made a mess.64. Fool ________ Michael is, he could not have done such a thing.A. asB. whoC. thatD. like65. When the sentence “Shall I drive you to the airport first” is turned into indirect speech, which of the following is most appropriateA. He agreed to drive me to the airport first.B. He offered to drive me to the airport first.C. He advised me to go to the airport first.D. He suggested that I drive to the airport first.66. The interviewers were impressed by the high calibre of the applicants for the job. The underlined part means ________.A. criterionB. qualityC. qualificationD. level67. Her career has ________ a number of activities —composing, playing and acting.A. heldB. producedC. embracedD. combined68. The operation could ________ her life by two or three years.A. prolongB. increaseC. expandD. continue69. All her cousins and their children have fair hair. The underlined part means ___.A. fineB. darkC. thickD. light70. John always feels sluggish first thing in the morning. The underlined part means ________.A. sickB. inactiveC. dizzyD. drowsy71. The family of the victim had to endure a long wait before the case cane to trial. The underlined part means ________.A. tolerateB. keepC. faceD. hold72. The chief of surgery became committee chairman by virtue of ________.A. seniorityB. serviceC. ageD. rank73. He turned his back on them when they most needed him. The underlined part means ________.A. criticizedB. ignoredC. betrayedD. deceived74. Our school did not ________ for Christmas until mid-December.A. break outB. break downC. break upD. break in75. The flags in the stadium ________ in the wind.A. flappedB. movedC. shookD. stirred76. His mother retired early on account of poor health. The underlined part means ________.A. despiteB. withC. according toD. because of77. The whole country was in ________ over the result of the elections.A. suspensionB. suspenseC. suspendingD. suspender78. There is no conceivable reason why there should be any difficulty during the project. The underlined part can be replaced by all the following EXCEPT ________.A. thinkableB. imaginableC. possibleD. observable79. The employers prepared, with all due ________ for a conference with the Trade Unions.A. cautionB. concernC. certaintyD. consideration80. Our experiment was conducted under optimal conditions. The underlined part means ________.A. perfectB. properC. possibleD. proposedPART V READING COMPREHENSION [25 MIN]In this section there are four passages followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.TEXT AAfter breakfast the boys wandered out into the play-ground. Here the day-boys were gradually assembling. They were sons of the local clergy, of the officers at the Depot, and of such manufacturers or men of business as the old town possessed. Presently a bell rang, and they all trooped into school. This consisted of a large, long room at opposite ends of which two under masters conducted the second and third forms, and of a smaller one, leading out of it, used by Mr. Watson, who taught the first form. To attach the preparatory to the senior school these three classes were known officially, on speech days and in reports, as upper, middle, and lower second. Philip was put in the last. The master, a red-faced man with a pleasant voice, was called Rice; he had a jolly manner with boys, and the time passed quickly. Philip was surprised when it was quarter to eleven and they were let out for ten minutes' rest.The whole school rushed noisily into the play-ground. The new boys were told to go into the middle, while the others stationed themselves along opposite walls. They began to play Pig in the Middle. The old boys ran from wall to wall while the new boys tried to catch them: when one was seized and the mystic words said - one, two, three, and a pig for me - he became a prisoner and, turning sides, helped to catch those who were still free. Philip saw a boy running past and tried to catch him, but his limp gave him no chance; and the runners, taking their opportunity, made straight for the ground he covered. Then one of them had the brilliant idea of imitating Philip’s clumsy run. Other boys saw it and began to laugh; then they all copied the first; and they ran round Philip, limping grotesquely, screaming with shrill laughter. They lost their heads with the delight of their new amusement, and choked with helpless merriment. One of them tripped Philip up and he fell, heavily as he always fell, and cut his knee. They laughed all the louder when he got up. A boy pushed him from behind, and he would have fallen again if another had not caught him. The game was forgotten in the entertainment of Philip’s deformity. Philip was completely scared. He could not make out why they were laughing at him. His heart beat so that he could hardly breathe, and he was more frightened than he had ever been in his life. He stood still stupidly while the boys ran round him, mimicking and laughing; they shouted to him to try and catch them; but he did not move. He did not want them to see him run any more. He was using all his strength to prevent himself from crying.81. From the beginning of the passage we learn that ________.A. some pupils came from the local areaB. the school only accepted day-boysC. the school had only three classesD. Philip’s class was part of the senior school82. What was Philip’s reaction to his classA. He thought class was too short.B. He found his class surprising.C. He seemed to have enjoyed it.D. He wanted to change class.83. In the game Philip lost his ground because ________.A. the game wasn’t fit for new boys like himB. the playground wasn’t big enough for the gameC. he did not know the rules of the gameD. he could not run as quickly as other boys84. What did the boys do after Philip lost his groundA. They continued with the game.B. They stopped to make fun of him.C. They changed to another game.D. They stopped and went inside.85. How did Philip feel in the endA. He was ashamed of himself.B. He was very nervous.C. He was really horrified.D. He felt himself stupid.TEXT BFor parents who send their kids off to college saying, “These will be the best years of your life,” it would be very appropriate to add, “If you can handle the stress of college life.”Freshmen are showing up already stressed out, according to the latest research study that reported students’ emotional health levels at their lowest since th e survey started in 1985. While in school, more students are working part-time and near-full-time jobs.At graduation, only 29 percent of seniors have jobs lined up.Pressure to excel often creates stress, and many students are not learning how to effectively handle this stress. Let me show five facts that I believe every college student should know about stress.First, stress can make smart people do stupid things. Stress causes what brain researchers call “cortical inhibition.” In simple terms, stress in hibits a part of the brain responsible for decision-making and reaction time and can adversely affect other mental abilities as well.Second, the human body doesn’t discriminate between a big stressful event and a little one. Any stressful experience will create about 1,400 biochemical events in your body. If any amount of stress is left unchecked, many things can occur within the body, including premature aging, impaired cognitive function and energy drain.Third, stress can become your new pattern. When you regularly experience negative feelings and high amounts of stress, your brain recognizes this as your normal state. This then becomes the new norm, or baseline for your emotional state.Fourth, stress can be controlled. Countless studies demonstrate that people can restructure their emotional state using emotion-refocusing techniques. These techniques help you recognize how you are feeling andshift to a more positive emotional, mental and physical state.One technique involves slowing your thoughts and focusing on your heartbeat, breathing slowly and deeply, and focusing on the positive feeling that you receive.Finally, stress can be lessened by loving what you study. Barbara Frederickson, a leading international authority on the importance of positive emotions, says humans are genetically programmed to seek positive emotions such as love and joy. It's suggested to choose a major or career path you love and enjoy. Otherwise, you could end up fighting against your own biology.86. The author cites the latest research study in order to show that ________.A. students are studying harder in collegeB. most students have part-time job nowC. stress continues to the time of graduationD. students only feel stressed while in school87. According to the passage, stress might cause all the following negative effects EXCEPT ________.A. socialB. mentalC. emotionalD. physical88. In the author’s opinion, stress can be controlled by ________.A. doing what you preferB. identifying your present emotional state firstC. finding a more positive feeling firstD. focusing on your emotional state89. According to the context, what does “your own biology” mean in the last paragraphA. Your current major.B. Your future job.C. Your future research.D. Your preference.90. Which of the following is the best as the title of the passageA. Causes of Stress.B. Type of Stress.College C. Life and Stress. D. Stress and Control Methods.TEXT CFor anyone who doubts that the texting revolution is upon us, consider this: The average 13- to 17-year-old sends and receives 3,339 texts a month—more than 100 per day, according to the Nielsen Co., the media research firm. Adults are catching up. People from ages 45 to 54 sent and received 323 texts a month in the second quarter of 2010, up 75% from a year ago, Nielsen says.Behind the texting explosion is a fundamental shift in how we view our mobile devices. That they are phones is increasingly beside the point.Part of what's driving the texting surge among adults is the popularity of social media. Sites like Twitter, with postings of no more than 140 characters, are creating and reinforcing the habit of communicating in micro-bursts.Economics has much to do with texting’s popularity. Text messages cost carriers less than traditional mobile voice transmissions, and so they cost users less. Sprint Nextel has reconceived its Virgin Mobile brand to cater to heavy texters in a difficult economy. For $25 per month, users get unlimited texting, email, social networking and 300 talk minutes; for another $15, they get an additional 900 talk minutes. The name of the brand's new wireless plan: “Beyond Talk.”Texting’s ri se over conversation is changing the way we interact, social scientists and researchers say. We are now inclined to text to relay difficult information. We stare at our phone when we want to avoid eye contact. Rather than make plans in advance, we engage in what research have named “micro-coordination”—”I’ll txt u in 10mins when I know wh/ restrnt.”Texting saves us time, but it steals from quiet reflection. “When people have a mobile device and have even a little extra time, they will communicate with someone in their life,” says Lee Rainie, director of the Pew Internet and American Life Project.And the phone conversation will never be completely obsolete. Deal makers and other professionals still spend much of the day on the phone. Researchers say people are more likely to use text-based communications at the preliminary stages of projects. The phone comes into play when there are multiple options to consider or important decisions to be made.91. At the beginning of the passage, the author uses figures for the purpose of ________.A. introductionB. comparisonC. explanationD. transition92. According to the context, which of the following is closest in meaning to “beside the point”A. Unimportant.B. Unacknowledged.C. Underestimated.D. Undeniable.93. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a cause for texting’s p opularityA. Promotion of cheaper wireless packages.B. Increase in the number of adult texters.C. Redesign of mobile devices.D. Rise of social media.94. According to the passage, texting can help people to ________.A. face difficult situationsB. make appointments in advanceC. communicate wish strangersD. avoid awkward situations95. What is the passage mainly aboutA. Texting’s popularity and effect.B. Role of texting in business.C. Preference to texting over thinking.D. Innovation of mobile devices.TEXT DThe healthy adolescent boy or girl likes to do the real things in life, to do the things that matter. He would rather be a plumber’s mate and do a real job that requires doing than learn about hydrostatics sitting at a desk, without understanding what practical use they are going to be. A girl would rather look after the baby than learn about child care. Logically we should learn about things before doing them and that is presumably why the pundits enforce this in our educational system. But it is not the natural way-nor, I venture to think, the best way. The adolescent wants to do things first for only then does he appreciate the problems involved and want to learn more about them.They do these things better in primitive life, for there at puberty the boy joins his father in making canoes, patching huts, going out fishing or hunting. He is serving his apprenticeship in the actual accomplishments of life. It is not surprising that anthropologists(人类学家) find that the adolescents of primitive communities do not suffer from the same neurotic(神经质的) “difficulties” as those of civilized。
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Key to TEM8-2010Part I Listening ComprehensionSection A Mini-Lecture1.(resides/lies/exists) in (the) context /surroundings/environment (1分), 以上答案没有写in得0.5分;around (the) message (0.5分); behindwords/significance (0分)2.surroundings /context /things around the message(1分); what is doing /what is happening (0分)3.physical 或sensory closeness /closeness (to people )/(heavy) sensory involvement /standing closer/getting或being closer /closer distance(1分);involvement and closeness (0.5分); 只写involvement (0分)4.body language (1分)5.individual /personal /one’s own(必须one’s own这两个词都写对) （1分）6.(resides/lies/exists) in (the) message (itself) /in (the)event (itself) / in (the) action (itself) (1分); 以上答案没有写in得0.5分; of words (0分)7.words /action /event /message (itself) /what you say/what you do(1分); language and action(0.5分); 只写language不得分（0分）8.uniform /standard/ monochronic (sense) /(only) onestandard(1分); monochrone (0分)teness /unpunctuality /being late /beingunpunctual (1分); late /unpunctual (0.5分)；delay(0分)10.s ignificance /importance (1分)；important/important effect /important interaction (0分)每个空格最多只填入3个单词，3个单词以上不论意思是否正确都不得分；拼写错一律0分；如果在一个空格上写出两个以上的答案用or连接，供评分员选择，一律以第一个答案为准，第一个答案错，不管第二个供选择的答案是否书写正确，都不得分。
B. Interview-News Broadcast1. B2. D3. A4. C5. B6. A7. C8. B9. A 10. DPart II Reading Comprehension11. C 12. B 13. D 14. A 15. B16. D 17. B 18. A 19. C 20. A21. D 22. B 23. C 24. D 25. D26. D 27. B 28. A 29. C 30. BPart III General Knowledge31. D 32. D 33. A 34. B 35. D36. C 37. A 38. C 39. A 40. CPart IV. Proof-Reading & Error Correction1.gre w ∧→ up2.conscience→consciousness; feeling; awareness; knowledge3.soon → sooner4.on the other side →删除the5.disagreeing → disagreeable6.imaginative → imaginary7.literal → literary8.in →删除in9.private world ∧ which → in; OR which → where10.T herefore → Nevertheless; However; Yet; But评分标准：每题一分，没用半分。
没有在原文中划出，或划错，不给分。
答案拼写错不给分。
Part V. TranslationSection A汉译英参考译文：“On the go” and “at leisure” are totally two different modes of life. But in the real life, people have to alternate between these two modes, and sometimes you even can’t tell whether you are “on the go” or “at leisure”. For instance, we are enjoying our holidays in a resort when, all of a suddenly, a phone call comes from the boss saying there is some trouble with our client or work. At this very moment, the modern convenient communication device reveals its disgusting and disappointing look. In no time all pleasure is gone and spoiled. And now there is no more leisure in the true sense of the word because we are already on pins and needles.Section B英译汉参考译文：飞行在尼泊尔上空时很容易使人产生遐想，想象自己很小—小得像一只蝴蝶—飞舞在建筑师手中的三维地形图上，只不过身下不是一圈圈的等高线，而是环绕在每个高高山梁上的水稻梯田。
尼泊尔是个小国，我们的飞机正在一万两千英尺的高空向东飞行，左舷窗外三十英里处可以清晰望见喜马拉雅山白雪皑皑幻影般的壮丽景观。
右舷窗外，三四座阶梯状的高耸山脉一闪而过，映入眼帘的是它前方的印度平原。
下面几乎看不到公路，因为尼泊尔人出行大多靠步行，自古以来踩踏出来的蜿蜒小径将整个国家连成了一体。
那儿也有土跑道组成的空港网，这对我来说真是谢天谢地，因为我没有时间跋涉两周半才到达目的地。
此刻我正飞往当地的机场。
Part VI. WritingSample paperCharging Higher Fees is ReasonableDuring every peak travel season, the high fees charged by famous Chinese historical sites stir the heated discussion among the public. Some people think charging higher fees is a way of robbing tourists. I cannot agree with them because I hold that charging higher fees is reasonable because higher fees enable the historical sites to protect the historical relics, ensure thefinancial stability, and provide satisfactory service.First of all, charging higher fees will help to protect the historical relics. To be more specific, higher fees can assure that the historical relics are under perfect protection by the staff and the preservation technology which require a lot of money. During the peak travel seasons, the historical sites are filled with curious tourists. More human activities will speed up the destruction of historical relics, as the examples of Great Wall and pyramids show us. Preservation of historical sites require more money to avoid the negative impact from crowded tourists. Charging higher fees is a way to avoid and compensate from the destruction of historical relics by the increasing tourists. Second, charging higher fees ensures the financial stability and prosperity of historical sites. In China, famous historical sites are situated in small towns and countryside. The local governments tend to earn money from the tickets and support the historical sites to open to public. Meanwhile, peak travel seasons exists with seasons with few tourists. To charge higher fees during peak travel seasons is reasonable according to the economic fact that when more people buy one good or service, the price tend to rise. If it is not for peak travel reasons, the historical sites are impossible to maintain the financial stabilityand open to public.Last but not least, charging higher fees helps to provide satisfactory service. In China, peak travel seasons are also those seasons when Chinese enjoy their legal holidays, such as Spring Festival, the Labour Day and the National Day. During these seasons, people put down their work and studies to go on a trip. And it is the same case with the staff in the historical sites. The staff working there are the basic element of good service. If they give up their leisure and provide service for the tourists, they are reasonable to be paid more. China labor law sets the regulation that people working on holidays can get salaries three times as working days. To provide satisfactory service, the staff working in the historical sites shall be paid more and charging higher fees can ensure that they are working with reasonable pay and good moods.To sum up, it is reasonable for Chinese sites of historical interest to charge higher fees during peak travel seasons because it can create a win-win situation for both historical sites and tourists.。