气体泄漏及扩散计算

学号： 07412225 常州大学

毕业设计（论文）

（2011届）

题目重气泄漏扩散模拟及应急救援

学生薛云龙

学院环境与安全工程学院专业班级安全072班

校内指导教师王新颖专业技术职务讲师

校外指导老师专业技术职务

二○一一年六月

重气泄漏扩散模拟及应急救援

摘要：重气泄漏扩散事故是经常发生且危害较大的一种事故形式，由于重气的密度大于空气，因此重气往往沿地面扩散，泄放物质进入人体将引起中毒事故，若泄放物质被点燃或引爆将引起大规模的燃烧爆炸事故。虽然人们对重气泄漏扩散所造成的危害十分重视，但由于缺乏足够有效的数据来提供人们作风险评估及预防改善措施，因此采用数学模型进行模拟是必要的。应在生产过程中，加强管理，强化生产者的安全生产教育。分析了泄漏扩散事故的七大影响因素，提取并建立了泄漏事故模式，并对各种事故模式的泄漏机理和发生条件进行了研究分析。通过试验研究得出在实际环境中大气主导风的风速，泄漏方向对气体扩散浓度分布有重大的影响，泄漏气体在下风向扩散的最快。静风时，随着时间的增加，空间各点的浓度有升高的趋势；在稳定风流中，空间各点的浓度随时间的变化不明显，可以认为是稳态的。泄漏的气体在下风向扩散的最快，在现场一旦发生天燃气泄漏，应综合考虑泄漏源的方向和该点当时的风向，风速等因素，及时准确预测泄漏气体可能扩散到危险区域，做好应对措施。

关键词：相似理论；泄漏模型；泄漏扩散模式；示踪法；重气；应急救援；

Heavy gas leak dispersion modeling and emergency rescue

Abstract ： As it is well-known, many industrial and domestic gases are toxic and flammable are stored in highly-pressurized vessels at liquefied state with ambient temperature. If there is by chance a sudden release, it often forms heavy-than-air vapour. The accident release and dispersion of toxic and flammable heavy gas can present a serious ris k to the public’s safety and to the environment. Disease may be caused when the flammable heavy gases are lit. Although great attention has been paid to the hazard of heavy gas dispersion, effective data of filed experiments are still insufficient to make risk assessment and precaution. Through the statistical analysis, draw a conclusion that chemical system in production, transportation and storage process, should first consideration and control of hazardous chemicals, and summarizes the characteristics of the leak diffusion process performance. Subjective factors, equipment inherent defect caused by leakage on China's chemical system is the main reason of the accident. In the process of production, should be strengthen management, strengthen the education of production safety producer. Analysis of the seven factors affecting diffusion of leakage accident, to extract and established the patterns of the leakage accident, and various and leakage accident modes mechanism and the conditions were studied and analyzed. Through the experimental study on practical environment atmosphere that dominated the wind, the wind of gas leakage direction spread concentration distribution, has enormous influence on the spread of gas leakage next wind fastest. Static, as time flies, the space increased concentration of the each point of the trend. In the stable romantic, space the concentration of each point does not change significantly over time, can be considered a steady. Leak gas diffusion next wind fastest, on the site once produce natural gas leak, should be taken into account in the direction and point source leaking the wind direction, wind speed at factors such as timely and accurate prediction leakage, gas may be spread to dangerous area, completes the countermeasures.

Key words：Theory of similarity; Leakage model；Leakage diffusion mode；Trace method； heavy gas；Emergency rescue